ALACHLOR

An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.


aristolochic acid

An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.


CONVALLATOXIN

A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3.


cyclohexyl isocyanate

An isocyanate comprising a cyclohexane core with a single isocyanato substituent.


GARDENIN B

A tetramethoxyflavone that is  tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


AURANTIOOBTUSIN

A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,3,7-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 8, and by a methyl group at position 6.


baricitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a 1-[3-(cyanomethyl)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl group at position 5. It is an FDA approved selective Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


name: 4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester


osimertinib

A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).


GLYCYRIN

A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a prenyl group at position 6 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


ARV-825 is a PROTAC connected by ligands for Cereblon and BRD4. ARV-825 binds to BD1 and BD2 of BRD4.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of O-phospho-D-serine with the amino group of m-octylaniline. An analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), it is a potent antagonist for both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. It can inhibit S1P-induced migration of thyroid cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells, and neural stem cells.


bisphenol F

A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.


name: 1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester


RUBIARBONONE C

A pentacyclic triterpenoid of the class of arborinane-type terpenoids isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.


A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9H-fluorene in which both of the hydrogens at position 9 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


daunorubicinol

The (13S)-diastereomer of 13-dihydrodaunorubicin.


DIAZOXON

An  organic phosphate that is diethyl hydrogen phosphate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 6-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a metabolite of the pesticide diazinon.


PRONAMIDE

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops.


name: Phosphoric acid, 2-methylphenyl diphenyl ester


diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


geldanamycin

An ansamycin consisting of a 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It shows antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.


An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.


A hydroxamic acid that is biphenyl-4-amine bearing N-hydroxy and N-acetyl substituents.


A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.


A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing phenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at position 5.


MAACKIAIN

The (-)-enantiomer of maackiain.


hyperforin

A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.


An indoleacetaldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the methyl hydrogens are replaced by a indol-3-yl group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of tryptophan.


TEMPOL

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a nitro group at position 4.It is the by-product of the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol.


SYRINGIC ACID

A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.


ACEPHATE

A  phosphoramide that is  methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.


A member of the class of  acetophenones that is acetophenone substituted at the para-position by a nitro group.


myriocin

An amino acid-based antibiotic derived from certain thermophilic fungi; acts as a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step in sphingosine biosynthesis. Myriocin also possesses immunosuppressant activity.


PHENYL ETHANOL

An aromatic alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.


EDIFENPHOS

An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid.  Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.


all-trans-4-oxo-retinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.


methylurea

A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by a methyl group at one of the nitrogen atoms.


A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocyclic amino group on the purine fragment is carrying a butyryl substituent.


bisphenol A dimethacrylate

A bisphenol that is bisphenol A condensed with two molecules of methacrylic acid.


PODOCARIC ACID

An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.


BETULIN

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.


COSTUNOLIDE

A germacranolide with anthelminthic, antiparasitic and antiviral activities.


benzo[c]phenanthrene

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene resulting from the symmetrical fusion of the C1-C2 bonds of two naphthalene units.


NEOCUPROINE

A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.


nimetazepam

A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.


N-NITROSOMORPHOLINE

A nitrosamine that is morpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. A carcinogen and mutagen, it is found in snuff tobacco.


N-nitrosopiperidine

A nitrosamine that is piperidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a nitroso group. One of the many carcinogens detected in cigarette smoke, it is found in meat, cheese and spices that have been treated with the preservative sodium nitrite.


oleuropein

A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.


An amino-acid betaine gamma-aminobutyric acid zwitterion in which all of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.


METALDEHYDE

A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.


N-methylformamide

A member of the class of formamides  having a N-methyl substituent.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate

The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


METHYLSELENOCYSTEINE

An L-alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain.


A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.


A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4.


PENTACHLOROBENZENE

A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.


PHOSALONE

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.


GLUFOSINATE

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is 2-aminobutanoic acid which is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl group.


name: Pyridoxal phosphate gamma-glutamyl hydrazone


rhodotorulic acid

A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines obtained by cyclodimerisation of N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


TROSPIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.


suxibuzone

A pyrazolidine that is phenylbutazone which is substituted by a 3-carboxypropanoylmethyl group at the 4-position. Suxibuzone is a prodrug for phenylbutazone and is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug in horses.


(+)-TAXIFOLIN

A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.


sapropterin

A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).


THYMOQUINONE

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.


An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 3 and 17.


An 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidised to give the corresponding ketone.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.


A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


o-anisidine

A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen ortho to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of azo pigments and dyes.


DIMINAZENE DIACETURATE

An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.


dexamethasone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.


glycylsarcosine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.


dantron

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.


HELENINE

A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.


biphenylol

A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.


beauvericin

A trimeric cyclodepsipeptide composed from alternating methylphenylalanyl and hydroxyvaleryl residues.


allyl isothiocyanate

An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.


aminoguanidine

A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.


benzoquinone

The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.


biochanin A

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 4'. A phytoestrogen, it has putative benefits in dietary cancer prophylaxis.


A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants.


butamben

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.


chloroacetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde substituted at C-2 by chlorine.


A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group.


cytisine

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking.


A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.


daidzein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'.


A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.


A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines.


DIHYDROOROTATE

A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N(alpha)-carbethoxyasparagine.


DIMETHYL MALEATE

A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with methanol. It is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.


trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate

The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.


muricholic acids

A group of trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids that are the 6,7-diastereoisomers of 3alpha,6,7-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid.


ETHYLBENZENE

An  alkylbenzene carrying an ethyl substituent. It is a constituent of coal tar and petroleum.


FERULATE

A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring.


HARMAN

An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.


FOLPET

A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.


2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.


isoprene

A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.


LAWSONE

1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2.  It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.


BRILLIANT GREEN HYDROCHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.


metanil yellow

An organic sodium salt having 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used in one variant of Masson's trichrome to stain collagen yellow in contrast to the red muscle, but is not in common used.


JUGLONE

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.


THIOSEMICARBAZIDE

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.


ALTERNARIOL

A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.


BROMOMETHANE

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.


A hydroxyether that is ethanol substituted by a methoxy group at position 2.


BUTANONE

A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.


METHYLISOTHIOCYANATE

An isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium.


NARINGENIN

The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.


naringin

A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


ORCINOL

A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.


oxybenzone

A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


oxybuprocaine

A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.


nitroxoline

A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.


(S)-nornicotine

A pyridine alkaloid that is nicotine lacking the methyl group on the pyrrolidine nitrogen.


A member of the class of 2-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.


PARAROSANILINE

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-aminophenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'pararosaniline'.


oxybutynin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cyclohexyl(hydroxy)phenylacetic acid with the hydroxy group of 4-(diethylamino)but-2-yn-1-ol.


TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE

An  aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.


ALPHA-PINENE

A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively.


An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


BENZO[D]THIAZOLE

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.


NAPHTHAZALIN

A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


PROPIONALDEHYDE

An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.


1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.


THERACYS

A  benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.


salicin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is salicyl alcohol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


SALICYLHYDROXAMIC ACID

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxybenzamide carrying a phenolic hydroxy group at position 2.


ajmalicine

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H24N2O3, isolated from several Rauvolfia and Catharanthus species. It is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.


bufogenin

A steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers.


SULFAMATE

The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.


PENTACHLORONITROBENZENE

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


CHLOROTHALONIL

A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.


TETRADIFON

A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.


tributyrin

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.


trimethylamine N-oxide

A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.


ASTAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.


hydroxytyrosol

A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.


5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid

A tetrahydrofolic acid that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 5.


dihydroxyfumaric acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.


fenofibric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.


propylparaben

The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.   Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive.


sinefungin

An adenosine that is the the delta-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine.


acesulfame

A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.


ALLYL ALCOHOL

A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.


An omega-aminoaldehyde that is butanal in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group.


kaempferol

A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment.


An androstanoid that is androstane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17.


ANETHOLE

The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.


A triazolopyrimidine that is [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing an amino substituent at position 7.


baicalein

A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7.


A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two phenyl substituents at positions 4 and 7.


BENZIL

An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.


CARBENDAZIM

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls  Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.


BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.


benzyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.


An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.


bisphenol A

A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


BROMOXYNIL

A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.


A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a  tert-butyl group at position 4.


cannabidiolic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a 3-p-mentha-1,8-dien-3-yl (limonene) group.


CARVONE

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.


cepharanthine

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.


CHLOROACETIC ACID

A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.


A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.


CHLOROCRESOL

A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.


CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL

An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


CHLOROTOLURON

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.


cholanic acid

A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.


(+)-CITRONELLOL

A citronellol that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 (the 3R-enantiomer).


CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE

A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.


CYANAZINE

A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively.


P-CYMENE

A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.


DEOXYNIVALENOL

A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.


DIETHYL PHTHALATE

The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


SULFURIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER

The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.


DIPHENYLENEIODONIUM

An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.


DODECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).


fentin hydroxide

An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots.


An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a (4-nitrophenoxy)methyl group.


ERIODICTYOL

A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.


esculetin

A  hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.


ESTRAGOLE

A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.


(2E,6E)-farnesoic acid

A farnesoic acid in which the double bonds at positions 2 and 6 both have E-configuration.


FLUORANTHENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.


A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic).


FORMONONETIN

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'.


fucoidan

A type of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae, seaweed and sea-cucumbers.


geraniol

A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end.


gingerol

A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.


glycidyl methacrylate

An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.


HARMALOL

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is hydroxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.


HEXADECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.


homocysteic acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.


A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is ellipticine in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.


alfacalcidol

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the hydrogen at the 1alpha position is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is an active metabolite of cholecalciferol, which performs important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism.


BETA-IONONE

An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.


IOXYNIL

A  nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.


LAPACHOL

A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.


aldehydo-D-mannosamine

A D-mannosamine in open-chain aldehydo-form.


MECOPROP

A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.


METAM

A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is dithiocarbamic acid in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group has been replaced by a methyl group. It is used (most widely as the corresponding sodium salt, metam-sodium) as an agricultural pesticide, mainly as a broad spectrum soil fumigant for the control of weeds, nematodes, soil-borne insects and fungi.


METHYLGUANINE

A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.


METHYLSELENINIC ACID

An organoselenium compound that is seleninic acid in which the hydrogen attached to selenium is replaced by a methyl group.


A primary amino compound consisting of ethylamine having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 2-position.


monodansylcadaverine

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.


morin

A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.


MYRCENE

A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


An N-substituted ethylenediamine compound having 1-naphthyl as the substituent.


4-NITROBENZOIC ACID

A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.


A C-nitro compound in which the nitro group is attached at C-4 of m-cresol.


4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE

A phenyl acetate resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 4-nitrophenol with the carboxy group of acetic acid.


p-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHATE

An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.


nobiletin

A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.


NORFLURAZONE

A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, chloro, and methylamino groups, respectively. A pre-emergence herbicide used to control grasses and broad-leafed weeds in a variety of crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.


O-octanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having octanoyl as the acyl substituent.


palmitoleic acid

A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration.


NONANOATE

A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.


PHENTHOATE

An organic thiophosphate that is  ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.


A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.


PHYSCION

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.


1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid

A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


piperine

A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.


zineb

A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.


pristane

A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.


PROTOCATECHUIC ACID

A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.


2,3-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is  benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.


SENECIONINE

A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.


sodium arsenate

An inorganic sodium salt composed from sodium cations and arsenate anions in a 3:1 ratio.


SODIUM BISULFITE

An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.


SURFACTIN

A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been lactonised by condensation with the alcoholic hydroxy group.


THIOFLAVIN T

An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.


tioxolone

A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.


titanium dioxide

A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2.  A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.


tolfenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.


tributyl phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.


TRICLOFENOL

A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.


triclocarban

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.


trimethylarsine

An arsine that is arsane in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.


VX nerve agent

A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.


withaferin A

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A  primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A clear to yellow liquid, it is used in production of certain dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.


A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.


maltotetraose

A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.


MOLINATE

A member of the class of azepanes that is azepane in which the nitrogen is substituted by an (ethylsulfanyl)carbonyl group, -C(=O)SEt. A thiocarbamate herbicide not approved for use in the U.S. or European Union, it is used control grass weeds in rice paddies.


A naphthaldehyde with a formyl group at position 1.


azobenzene

A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.


diphenylpyraline

A member of the class of  piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.


divinyl sulfone

A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.


geranyl acetone

A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including  Nelumbo nucifera.


IPROBENFOS

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl ester of phosphorothioic acid. Used as a rice fungicide to control leaf and ear blast, stem rot and sheath blight.


A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.


trilostane

An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.


A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.


9-anthroic acid

An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.


azelaic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.


HYDRAZINECARBOXAMIDE

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is urea where one of the amino groups has been replaced with hydrazine.


ATHRAQUINONES A

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2.


DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.


A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.


10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

A form of tetrahydrofolate that acts as a donor of formyl groups in anabolism. In these reactions 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is used as a substrate in formyltransferase reactions, which is important in purine biosynthesis.


beta-carboline

The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.


palytoxin

A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.


AZADIRACTIN

A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).


TERBUTRYNE

A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a tert-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively.


HEXANAL

A saturated fatty aldehyde that is hexane in which one of the terminal methyl group has been mono-oxygenated to form the corresponding aldehyde.


A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.


LUPEOL

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables.


BIPHENYL

A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops.


TROLOX

A chromanol that is 6-hydroxychromane which is substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7, and 8. A cell-permeable, water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, it is used as a standard for measuring the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures.


alverine

A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.


An organochlorine compound consisting of uracil having an chloro substituent at the 5-position.


decabromodiphenyl ether

A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.


An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.


DIHYDROFOLIC ACID

A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.


gentisic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.


Embelin

A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.


glycolaldehyde

The glycolaldehyde derived from ethylene glycol. The parent of the class of glycolaldehydes.


oxfendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is fenbendazole in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide.


PROPACHLOR

An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an N-isopropyl substituent.


SEBACIC ACID

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.


TETRAC

A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.


AMENTOFLAVONE

A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring.  A natural product found  particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum.


ferbam

A dithiocarbamate salt that is the iron(III) salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. Formerly used as a fungicide.


A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone


A hydroxybenzaldehyde carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 3.


chloromethylisothiazolinone

A 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).


methylisothiazolinone

A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).


ALPHA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE

An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).


L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate

An aldonolactone phosphate that is the 2-phosphate ester of L-ascorbic acid. It can stimulate collagen formation.


benoxaprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.


The 7alpha-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.


kojic acid

A pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.


melamine

A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.


A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups.


oridonin

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and ent-kaurane diterpenoid with formula C20H28O6 isolated from the leaves of the medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens.


8-epi-prostaglandin E2

A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.


PIRIMICARB

An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.


solasodine

An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.


stevioside

A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.


diisononyl phthalate

The diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


CARBAMAZEPINE EPOXIDE

An  epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.


mevastatin

A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.


tranilast

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.


domoic acid

An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).


ethyl hydroxybenzoate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol,


HT-2 TOXIN

A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.


A phosphorodiamide that consists of 2-amino-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-4-ol 2-oxide having two 2-chloroethyl groups attached to the exocyclic nitrogen.


3-hydroxypyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism.


A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.


A nitrosamine that is dipropylamine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group. It is a genotoxic carcinogen, targeting the lung, liver, thyroid, and kidney.


QUERCITRIN

A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A hydroxypyridine that is pyridin-2-ol substituted by chloro groups at positions 3,5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos.


fentin chloride

An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group.  A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.


4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide

The diepoxide of 4-vinylcyclohexene.


nimesulide

An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.


alborixin

A polyether antibiotic that is isolated from cultures of a strain of Streptomyces albus.


crotylaldehyde

An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.


cinnamaldehyde

The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.


DECANE

A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.


DICLOFOP-METHYL

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid with methanol.


FURFURYL ALCOHOL

A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.


hesperetin

A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3'-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4'-position.


A member of the class of phenylacetaldehydes that is phenylacetaldehyde in which a hydrogen alpha to the aldehyde carbonyl group has been replaced by a methyl group. The major species at pH 7.3.


A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.


α-ketoisocaproate

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.


mancozeb

A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.


phenacyl bromide

An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.


PHENYLACETALDEHYDE

An aldehyde that consists of acetaldehyde bearing a methyl substituent; the parent member of the phenylacetaldehyde class of compounds.


tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate

A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl.


MANGIFERIN

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position.


METHOXYACETIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.


riddelliine

A macrodiolide that is 13,19-didehydrosenecionan bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 12 and 18 as well as two additional oxo groups at positions 11 and 16.


styrene oxide

An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.


BENFOTIAMINE

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


DAIDZIN

A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is  daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).


bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.


IODOMETHANE

A member of the class of  iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.


4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside

A beta-D-glucoside having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position.


The phenol that is the N-methyl derivative of 4-aminophenol.


PIRIMIPHOS METHYL

An  organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.


TETRAHYDROPALMATINE

A berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine.


tiamulin

A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.


HOMOPHENYLALANINE

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is an analogue of L-phenylalanine having a 2-phenylethyl rather than a benzyl side-chain.


A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.


DIETHYL MALEATE

A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.


GENKWANIN

A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.


A N-substituted amine that is 4-aminobiphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at the nitrogen atom.


formestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. Formestane was the first selective, type I steroidal aromatase inhibitor, suppressing oestrogen production from anabolic steroids or prohormones. It was formerly used in the treatment of oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in post-meopausal women. As it has poor oral bioavailability, it had to be administered by (fortnightly) intramuscular injection. It fell out of use with the subsequent development of cheaper, orally active aromatase inhibitors. Formestane is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a substance prohibited from use by athletes.


INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID

A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.


4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.


LAPACHONE

A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.


METHAMIDOPHOS

An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.


S-methyl methanethiosulfonate

A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.


plumbagin

A  hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.


vitamin A palmitate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.


amitraz

A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.


An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of all three protons from the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid.


m-chlorophenylpiperazine

A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.


dexbrompheniramine

The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-guanosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.


dihydrolipoic acid

A  thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.


N,N-dimethylaniline

A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate

A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group.


indole-3-propionic acid

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is  propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.


alpha-methyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


isophorone diisocyanate

A diisocyanate in which the two isocyanate groups are linked by an isophorone substituent.


A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond.


methyl p-hydroxybenzoate

A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.


3-nitropropanoic acid

A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.


oxatomide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.


SILICRISTIN A

A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.


trimellitic anhydride

A 2-benzofuran compound having oxo groups at the 1- and 3-positions and a carboxy substituent at the 5-position; the cyclic anhydride formed from the carboxy groups at the 1- and 2-positions of trimellitic acid.


allyl cyanide

An aliphatic nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an allyl group.


An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.


ISOPROPYLBENZENE

An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.


cyclo(L-His-L-Pro)

A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).


DOI

An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.


PINOCEMBRIN

A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.


undecanoic acid

A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.


8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP

A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.


chelerythrine

A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.


tosylchloramide sodium

Toluene-p-sulfonamide chlorinated at nitrogen.


A deoxyketohexose comprising the open-chain form of D-glucose lacking the -OH group at the 3-position and having the keto group at the 2-position.


DIBENZOTHIOPHENE

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.


lonidamine

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.


A dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.


An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.


quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


manganese dioxide

A manganese molecular entity with formula MnO2.


mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


AFIMOXIFENE

A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.


A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1.


A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).


A gallate ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the hydroxy group of octanol.


ACETOACETIC ACID

A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.


SEPIAPTERIN

A sepiapterin with L configuration.


sulforaphane

An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.


alpha-terpineol

A terpineol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl group at position 2.


A phytocannabinoid that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in which the C-11 methyl has been fully oxidised to a carboxy group. Further enzymatic oxidation product of 11-hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.


A member of the class of  phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5.


NORVERAPAMIL

A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.


BENZOXAZOLINONE

A member of the class of benzoxazoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole carrying an oxo group at position 2.


BROMOPYRUVATE

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine. Synthetic brominated derivative and structural analog of pyruvic acid. Highly reactive alkylating agent. Anti-cancer drug


butoconazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.


CYANIDIN

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.


cypermethrin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.


decamethrin

A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide tralomethrin.


DELPHINIDIN CHLORIDE

An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.


DIAMINOPYRIMIDINE

An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.


estrone sulphate

A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfate of estrone.


ETHOXYCOUMARIN

A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.


GERANYLGERANIOL

A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine

A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.


enilconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.


nickel subsulfide

A nickel coordination entity with formula Ni3S2. Used in the manufacture of lithium batteries.


NONANE

A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.


A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


FENVALERATE

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.


SOLANESOL

A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).


TRICIN

The 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin.  Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth.


fisetin

A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3' and 4'.


DINITROPHENYLENE

A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.


alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.


SODIUM ARSENITE

An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.


LIGUSTRAZINE

A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum  wallichii).


cobalt dichloride

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.


A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.


SCOPARONE

A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.


sulfoglycolithocholic acid

The 3-O-sulfo derivative of glycolithocholic acid.


djalonensone

A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.


CARNOSIC ACID

An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 12 and a carboxy group at position 20. It is isolated from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and common sage (Salvia officinalis) and exhibits anti-angiogenic, antineoplastic, antioxidant and anti-HIV activity.


TFMPP

A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group at position 1. A serotonergic agonist used as a recreational drug.


ACIFLUORFEN

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is 2-nitrobenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group. It is a herbicide used for the post-emergence control of a variety of annual broadleaf weeds.


ammonium hexachloroplatinate

An ammonium salt comprising separate ammonium cations and octahedral [PtCl6](2-) anions.


BIOALLETHRIN

A partly enantiopure variant of allethrin consisting of a mixture of two allethrin isomers (1R,trans;1R and 1R,trans;1S) in an approximate ratio of 1:1. Widely registered mosquito adulticide and spatial repellent. Bioallethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as a pesticide against household pest insects such as mosquitoes, houseflies and cockroaches.


BUTANAL

A member of the class of  butanals that consists of propane bearing a formyl substituent at the 1-position. The parent of the class of butanals.


A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.


name: N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid dimethyl ester


NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine

A L-arginine derivative  having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


DINOSEB

A  racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.


A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycotriaosyl component attached to the Cer(d18:1/24:0).


linalool

A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.


GAMMA-TERPINENE

One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.


A  primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 3- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A low-melting, crystalline solid, it is used in the production of vitamin B2, dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.


ammonium acetate

An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.


A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.


flubendazole

A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.


PARAHYDROXYBENZYL ALCOHOL

A member of the class of  benzyl alcohols that is  benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.


ipriflavone

A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.


FENOBUCARB

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.


carbonyl dihydrazine

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine.


dioscin

A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of diosgenin via a glycosidic linkage.


A member of the class of  hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.


2-hydroxyglutaric acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.


all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoic acid

A retinoid that consists of all-trans-retinoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the cyclohexenyl ring.


name: Aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol, 1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-20-methyl-, 8-acetate 14-benzoate, (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-


A nitroaniline carrying a nitro group at position 4.


A nitroarene that is  fluorene substituted by a nitro group at position 2.


DIETHANOLAMINE

A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.


iron(III) nitrilotriacetate

An iron chelate resulting from the combination of equimolar amounts of iron(3+) and nitrilotriacetate(3-).


beryllium sulfate

A metal sulfate in which the metal is beryllium (in the +2 oxidation state) and the ratio of beryllium  to sulfate is 1:1.


CINNAMIC ALCOHOL

The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.


iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate

A hydrate that is the heptahydrate form of iron(2+) sulfate. It is used as a source of iron in the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia (generally in liquid-dosage treatments; for solid-dosage treatments, the monohydrate is normally used).


herbimycin

A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.


hydroxycitronellal

The tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A

A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.


Gly-His-Lys

A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.


PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE

A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.


azelastine

A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.


MANGOSTIN

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.


oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


trichloroacetaldehyde

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


A organochlorine compound that is  4,4'-dichlorodiphenylmethane in which one of the methylene hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


DECANAL

A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).


PARAXANTHINE

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.


An aryl sulfate that is 4-nitrocatechol in which the hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding hydrogen sulfate. It is used (commonly as its dipotassium salt) as a chromogenic substrate for sulphatase.


HYPEROSIDE

A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.


S-nitroso-L-cysteine

An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent.  A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.


A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


oxiconazole

An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.


isobutyronitrile

An aliphatic nitrile that is acetonitrile in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.


BUFALIN

A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.


nickel dichloride

A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.


BORNEOL

A bornane monoterpenoid that is 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


OXINDOLE

An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.


picrotoxinin

A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.


chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate

The hexahydrate of chromium(3+) trichloride.


perfluorooctanoic acid

A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.


trimethylamine

A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group.


CLOSANTEL

An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.


Iodobenzene substituted at C-2 and -4 with nitro groups.


DIBENZOFURAN

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.


O-TOLYLAMINE

An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.


dienogest

A steroid hormone that is 17beta-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-diene substituted at position 17 by a cyanomethyl group. Used as an oral contraceptive.


ANILINE

A primary arylamine in which an amino functional group is substituted for one of the benzene hydrogens.


PYRIDINE

An  azaarene comprising a benzene core in which one -CH group is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is the parent compound of the class pyridines.


N-acetylcysteamine

A member of the class of  acetamides that is the N-acetyl-deriavtive of cysteamine.


ACACETIN

A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.


ACENAPHTHOQUINONE

An orthoquinone that is the 1,2-dioxo derivative of acenaphthene.


tizanidine

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group.  It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.


TRICIRIBINE

A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.


rifamycin SV

A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.


BETA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE

The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.


NEVADENSIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 8 and 4' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 respectively.


glycoursodeoxycholic acid

A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.


A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.


octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

A cyclosiloxane that is the octamethyl derivative of  cyclotetrasiloxane.


STYRENE

A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.


RESINIFERATOXIN

A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).


A trichlorophenol with phenolic substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6.


A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.


A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.


pyrvinium

A quinolinium ion that is 1-methylquinolinium substituted by dimethylamino group at position 6 and a (E)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethenyl at position 2. It is a  anthelminthic drug active against pinworms. The salts of pyrvinium can also be used as anticancer agents.


sodium molybdate (anhydrous)

An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.


TETRADECANE

A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.


(E)-beta-caryophyllene

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.


An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.


P-NITROPHENOL

A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.


A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


barium chloride

The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.


ubidecarenone

A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.


SODIUM SULFITE

An inorganic sodium salt having sulfite as the counterion.


doxifluridine

A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an  oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.


A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.


phenylacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.


N,N-dimethylglycine

An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.


A substituted aniline that is benzamide in which one of the meta- hydrogens is replaced by an amino group.


fucoxanthin

An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.


BROMODICHLOROMETHANE

A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water.


DIOXANE

A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.


ferric citrate

An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).


manganese chloride

A hydrate that is the tetrahydrate form of manganese(II) chloride.


sodium silicate nonahydrate

A hydrate that is the nonahydrate form of sodium silicate.


Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid

A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.


BUTENONE

The trans-isomer of  benzylideneacetone. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) of insects like diamond back moth.


SULINDAC SULFIDE

An  aryl sulfide that is a metabolite of  sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.


exisulind

A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps.  Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.


clionasterol

A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.


ochratoxin A

A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position.


diisobutyl phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.


VINCLOZOLIN

A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.


arsenic acid

An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.


A member of the class of  formamidines that is N-methylimidoformamide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom has been replaced by a  2,4-dimethylphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the insecticide amitraz.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.


azure B

An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.


A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.


phenyl salicylate

A benzoate ester that is the phenyl ester of salicylic acid. Also known as salol, it can be formed by heating salicylic acid with phenol and is used in the manufacture of some polymers, lacquers, adhesives, waxes and polishes.


O-XYLENE

A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


METACETAMOL

A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.


OLTIPRAZ

A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.


A 3-acyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) in which the acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl); major species at pH 7.3.


cobalt(2+) sulfate

A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.


HEXANE

An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.


sorbinil

An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


GINSENOSIDE RG2

A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


BENZO[E]PYRENE

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC.


15-oxoprostaglandin F2alpha

A prostaglandin Falpha obtained by formal oxidation of the 15-hydroxy group of prostaglandin F2alpha.


An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.


ICI 118551

An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).


A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


potassium tellurite

A potassium salt consisting of potassium and tellurite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.


CHRYSOPHANOL

A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.


potassium chromate

A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.


A  methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.


tibolone

Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.


METHYLAMINE

The simplest of the methylamines, consisting of ammonia bearing a single methyl substituent.


A member of the class of tryptamines that is tryptamine substituted by a methyl group at position 5.


p-nitrobenzyl chloride

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a chloromethyl group.


The E (trans) stereoisomer of 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; it is the primary alpha,beta-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal produced by lipid peroxidation in cells.


QUESTIOMYCIN B

The aminophenol which has the single amino substituent located ortho to the phenolic -OH group.


isonicotinamide

A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of  isonicotinic acid.


Guanidine carrying a phenyl substituent on each of the two amino groups. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.


deisopropylatrazine

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.


TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM ION

The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.


DIBROMOMETHANE

A member of the class of  bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.


DIALLYLDISULFIDE

An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium.


protoporphyrin

A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.


A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


betanaphthol

A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.


copper(I) chloride

An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


bathocuproine disulfonic acid

A phenanthroline that consists of 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl groups at position 2 and 9 as well as two 4-sulfophenyl groups at positions 4 and 7.


flavanone

The simplest member of the class of  flavanones  that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.


A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.


pralidoxime

A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.


chromium trioxide

A chromium oxide composed of a single chromium bound (oxidation state +6) to three oxygens; the acidic anhydride of chromic acid.


ISOPROTURON

A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.


sodium chromate

An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.


cinnamic acid

The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid


CROCIN

A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.


A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.


FOSFRUCTOSE

A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


diaziquone

A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.


naftifine

A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.


An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.


A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.


β-phenylethylamine

A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.


A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.


phenylarsine oxide

An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.


A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.


p-toluidine

An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.


DECANOL

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.


oleamide

A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.


3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid

A steroid acid resulting from the oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of cholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.