diamorphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


cyclooctasulfur

A homomonocyclic compound composed of eight sulfur atoms. It has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom commonly used in Chinese medicine.


edrophonium

A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


zoledronic acid

An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.


tigecycline

Tetracycline in which the hydroxy group at position 5 and the methyl group at position 6 are replaced by hydrogen, and with a dimethylamino substituent and an (N-tert-butylglycyl)amino substituent at positions 7 and 9, respectively. A glycylcycline antibiotic, it has activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including tetracycline-resistant organisms. It is used for the intravenous treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible organisms.


HYPOCHLOROUS ACID

A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.


RECOMBINANT METHIONYL HUMAN BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR


SALMONELLA TYPHI TY2 VI POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN


semaxanib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.


menadione

A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia.


diethylstilbestrol

An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


avibactam

A member of the class of azabicycloalkanes that is (2S,5R)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide in which the amino hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a sulfooxy group. Used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftazidime pentahydrate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis.


meldonium

An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.


pregnenolone

A 20-oxo steroid that is pregn-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 20.


thioctic acid

A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.


carbocisteine

An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


hemin

It is used as a prescription medication to relieve repeated attacks of acute intermittent porphyria related to the menstrual cycle in affected women.


aclarubicin

An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.


lixisenatide

A forty-four membered polypeptide consisting of L-His, Gly, L-Glu, Gly, L-Thr, L-Phe, L-Thr, L-Ser, L-Asp, L-Leu, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Gln, L-Met, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Glu, L-Ala, L-Val, L-Arg, L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ile, L-Glu, L-Trp, L-Leu, L-Lys, L-Asn, Gly, Gly, LPro, L-Ser, L-Ser, Gly, L-Ala, L-Pro, L-Pro, L-Ser, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, L-Lys, and L-Lys-NH2 residues joined in sequence. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of adults with type II diabetes.


betrixaban

A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.


rebastinib

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens bears a 3-tert-butyl-1-(quinolin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl substituent, while the other bears a 2-fluoro-4-{[2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl substituent.


tasquinimod

Tasquinimod is a quinoline-3-carboxamide linomide analogue with antiangiogenic and potential antineoplastic activities. Tasquinimod has been shown to decrease blood vessel density but the exact mechanism of action is not known. This agent has also been shown to augment the antineoplastic effects of docetaxel and androgen ablation in a murine model of prostate cancer involving human prostate cancer xenografts.


cepharanthine

A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.


L-THREONIC ACID

The L-enantiomer of threonic acid.


Estramustine phosphate sodium monohydrate


sulodexide

A methyladenosine compound in which two methyl groups are attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase and O(2) of the sugar.


CONIVAPTAN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of conivaptan. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2, and is used for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).


levobetaxolol

The (S)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


gabapentin enacarbil

A carbamate ester that is the N-[1-(isobutyryloxy)ethoxy]carbonyl derivative of [1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid. The prodrug for gabapentin, used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


benserazide

A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.


cidofovir

Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.


METRONIDAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of metronidazole and hydrogen chloride.


netupitant

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid with the secondary amino group of N-methyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-amine; an antiemetic used in combination with palonosetron hydrochloride (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.


clobetasol propionate

The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.


An  ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.


LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.


diquafosol

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-uridinyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.


METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


cefditoren pivoxil

The pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug of cefditoren.


γ-linolenic acid

A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.


VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2


clioquinol

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate.


masoprocol

The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.


atropine

A  racemate composed of equimolar concentrations of (S)- and (R)-atropine . It is obtained from deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae.


diflunisal

An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.


ampicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.


lymecycline

A tetracycline-based broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by the "active transport" process across the intestinal wall.


VECURONIUM BROMIDE

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


sizofiran

An exopolysaccharide produced by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, consisting of a 1,3-beta-D-glucan backbone with 1,6-beta-D-glucosyl side chains; a multipurpose compound applicable in many fields, including the food industry and pharmacy.


EDETATE DISODIUM

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of EDTA disodium salt.


dacarbazine

A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.


SEPANTRONIUM BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt consisting of sepantronium cations and bromide anions. It has been found to selectively inhibit survivin (BIRC5) gene promoter activity and to down-regulate survivin in vitro, so leading to induction of apoptosis.


fytic acid

A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.


sulfate

A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.


ademetionine

A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.


teduglutide

A 33-membered polypeptide consisting of His, Gly, Asp, Gly, Ser, Phe, Ser, Asp, Glu, Met, Asn, Thr, Ile, Leu, Asp, Asn, Leu, Ala, Ala, Arg, Asp, Phe, Ile, Asn, Trp, Leu, Ile, Gln, Thr, Lys, Ile, Thr and Asp residues joined in sequence. A  glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist used for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome.


amiloride hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


sulpiride

A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.


benzalkonium

A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of N-benzyl-N-methyldodecan-1-amine.


ceftaroline fosamil

A cephalosporin having [4-(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl and {(2Z)-2-(ethoxyimino)-2-[5-(phosphonoamino)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl]acetyl}amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. The N-phospho prodrug of ceftaroline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.


diosmin

A disaccharide derivative that consists of  diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


cefpodoxime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with methoxymethyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamino substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Given by mouth as its proxetil ester prodrug, it is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.


nirmatrelvir

An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by {(1S)-1-cyano-2-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]ethyl}aminoacyl, 3-methyl-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-L-valinamide, methyl and methyl groups at positions 2S, 3, 6 and 6, respectively. It is the first orally administered inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease developed by Pfizer and used in combination with ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19.


Glycine, N-(((1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl)carbonyl)-, 1-methylethyl ester


SODIUM OXALATE

An organic sodium salt consisting of sodium and oxalate ions in a 2:1 ratio.


CARBON MONOXIDE

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.


cefoperazone

A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.


apigenin

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7.  It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells.


phenylbutyrate

A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4.  It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.


dihydrogen

An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.


epigallocatechin

A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.


THEANINE

A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea.


amoxicillin trihydrate

A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of amoxicillin; a semisynthetic antibiotic, used either alone or in combination with potassium clavulanate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.


flotufolastat F-18

An (18)F radiopharmaceutical which is used as a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) of prostate-specific membrane antigen positive lesions in men with prostate cancer.


gatifloxacin

A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.


malic acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


metaraminol

A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A  sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.


DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATE

The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.


An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.


histamine

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group.


betamethasone dipropionate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy hydrogens at positions 17 and 21 are replaced by propanoyl groups. It is used in combination with calcipotriene hydrate, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


MONEPANTEL

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of p-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ether. A broad-spectrum nematicide, it is used to control gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep and goats.


NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP C CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN


cobalamin

A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified.


MENAQUINONE 7

A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.


bosutinib hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of anhydrous bosutinib.


FENPROPIDIN

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenpropidin. A systemic fungicide, it is used for the control of foliar diseases in cereals and sugar beet.


varlitinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by {3-chloro-4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl}amino and [(4R)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]amino groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both ErbB-2 (Her-2/neu) and EGFR and has shown significant anti-tumour activity in preclinical models of human breast, lung, and epidermal carcinoma tumours.


A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is 2-aminopurine which is substituted by a chlorine at position 6 and by a (4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl group at position 9.


pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.


calcium citrate

An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.


AMLODIPINE BESYLATE

The benzenesulfonate salt of amlodipine.


D-methionine

An optically active form of methionine having D-configuration.


mirdametinib

A hydroxamic acid ester that is benzhydroxamic acid (N-hydroxybenzamide) in which the hydroxamic acid group has been converted to the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester and in which the benzene ring has been substituted at position 2 by a (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino group and at positions 3 and 4 by fluorines (the R enantiomer).


potassium citrate

The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.


BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STRAIN V770-NP1-R ANTIGENS


CROCIN

A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.


sulfadoxine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.


chloroquine

An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.


L-NOREPINEPHRINE

The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL

A hydrate that consists of dapagliflozin compounded with (S)-propylene glycol and hydrate in a (1:1:1) ratio. Used to improve glycemic control, along with diet and exercise, in adults with type 2 diabetes.


carbetocin

Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus.


fumaric acid

A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.


perazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.


SURAMIN HEXASODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.


boceprevir

A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.


IMATINIB MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.


reserpine

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.


MEPHEDRONE

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.


alginic acid

A linear copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid and alpha-L-guluronic acid residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks.


L-tryptophan

The L-enantiomer of tryptophan.


GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


nafarelin acetate hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of nafarelin acetate.


RIBOPRINE

A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.


bictegravir

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.


diphenhydramine

An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.


streptozocin

An N-nitrosourea that is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.


carnosine

A dipeptide that is the N-(beta-alanyl) derivative of L-histidine.


saxagliptin

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-amino(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of (1S,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile. Used in its monohydrate form for the treatment of Type II diabetes.


cytosine

An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino group located at position 4.


niclosamide

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.


carbimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.


ATP

An adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways.


SODIUM NITRATE

The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.


Lysergide

An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.


METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS

An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.


taurolidine

A member of the class of thiadiazinanes that is 1,2,4-thiadiazinane 1,1-dioxide substituted by a (1,1-dioxido-1,2,4-thiadiazinan-4-yl)methyl group at position 4. It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic used as lock therapy solution in patients with long term central venous catheters for the prevention of catheter related bloodstream infections.


indacaterol

A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.


CATECHIN

Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


SODIUM BUTYRATE

An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of butyric acid by a sodium ion.


levomefolic acid

A 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid that has 6S-configuration.


noscapine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.


BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN LIVE ANTIGEN, UNSPECIFIED SUBSTRAIN


urea

A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O).


vamorolone

A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-1,4,9(11)-trien-17-ol substituted by oxo, oxo, and hydroxy groups at positions 3, 20, and 21, respectively. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 2 years and older.


ASTAXANTHIN

A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.


grazoprevir

An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.


METHAMIDOPHOS

An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.


sodium fluoride

A metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion.


DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.


An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.


vanoxerine

An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.


ketoprofen

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.


enflurane

An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.


cefotiam

A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.


ethylenediamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the dihydrochloride of ethylenediamine.


maleic acid

A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.


TERT-BUTYLAMINE

A primary aliphatic amine that is ethylamine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.


mycophenolate mofetil

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.


retaspimycin hydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of retaspimycin. A semi-synthetic water-soluble analogue of geldanamycin used in cancer treatment.


metamizole

A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.


spectinomycin

A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.


amrubicin

A synthetic anthracycline antibiotic with molecular formula C25H25NO9. A specific inhibitor of topoisomerase II, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of cancer, especially lung cancer, where it is a prodrug for the active metabolite, ambrucinol.


doxapram

A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


felbinac

A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.


teniposide

A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.


iron dextran

Please consider adding concept for iron dextran. CAS# 9004-66-4. Thank you.


D-cycloserine

A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and  D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).


AFIMOXIFENE

A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.


clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


RAVUCONAZOLE

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole in which the butyl group is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 3 by hydroxy, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively (the R,R stereoisomer). It exhibits antifungal activity by inhibition of 14alpha demethylase, an enzyme involved in sterol synthesis, resulting in lysis of the fungal cell wall and fungal cell death. (NCIO4)


An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.


selenomethionine

The L-enantiomer of selenomethionine.


trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate

The hexahydrate form of trisodium phosphonoformate. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.


sucralose

A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.


PONATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of ponatinib. It is a potent pan inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, active in all single resistance ABL kinase mutations including the T315l mutation. It is approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.


cholesterol

A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


ketanserin

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.


cilnidipine

A diesterified 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium channel blocker, it is used as an antihypertensive.


tolbutamide

An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.


PLINABULIN

A member of the class of 2,5-diketopiperazines that is piperazine-2,5-dione substituted by benzylidene and (5-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylidene groups at positions 3 and 6, respectively. It is a vascular disrupting agent and a microtubule destabalising agent which was in clinical trials (now discontinued) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.


NELFINAVIR MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt prepared from equimolar amounts of nelfinavir and methanesulfonic acid. It is used for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.


amantadine sulfate

An alkylammonium sulfate salt obtained by combining amantadine and sulfuric acid in a 2:1 ratio. Used as an antiviral and antiparkinson drug.


METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride having methamphetamine as the base component.


almitrine

A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.


carvacrol

A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of  bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).


nitrendipine

A  dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.


nitrazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).


DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE

The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.


L-proline

Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles.


amoxicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.


trovafloxacin

A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and  6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.


POLYACRYLAMIDE (CROSSLINKED; 2 MOLE PERCENT BISACRYLAMIDE)


levomepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.


captopril

A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.


piperacillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.


betamethasone valerate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.


quercetin

A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine.


emedastine

1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.


dorzolamide

5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


[Met]enkephalin

A peptide zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino terminus of Met-enkephalin. Major species at pH 7.3.


ALVERINE CITRATE

The citrate salt of alverine, resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of alvarine and citric acid. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.


saracatinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (5-chloro-2H-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)amino, (oxan-4-yl)oxy and 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a dual inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases c-Src and Abl (IC50 = 2.7 and 30 nM, respectively). Saracatinib was originally developed by AstraZeneca for the treatment of cancer but in 2019 it was granted orphan drug designation by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a type of lung disease that results in scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs.


linoleic acid

An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.


delgocitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a (3S,4R)-1-(cyanoacetyl)-3-methyl-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group at position 4. It is a pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan.


BIXIN

A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.


dichloroacetic acid

An organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid carrying two chloro substituents at the 2-position. It occurs in nature in seaweed, Asparagopsis taxiformis.


limonene

A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.


(R,R)-tramadol hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of (R,R)-tramadol with 1 molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol hydrochloride, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.


ENALAPRIL MALEATE

The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.


[125I]GnRH I (human, mouse, rat)

A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, glycyl, leucyl, arginyl, prolyl and glycinamide residues joined in sequence.


DPCPX

An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.


artemisinin

A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


norethindrone acetate

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.


chlorprothixene

A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.


(+)-TAXIFOLIN

A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.


pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate

An organic sodium salt that is the heptahydrate form of pemetrexed disodium. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).


NAPROXEN SODIUM

An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.


parecoxib

An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.


CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of chlorpromazine.


LACTULOSE

A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.


cephradine

A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.


NIKKOMYCIN

A uridine-based nucleoside-peptide antibiotic which inhibits fungal chitin biosynthesis by inhibiting chitin synthase.


piperaquine

An aminoquinoline that is 1,3-di(piperazin-1-yl)propane in which the nitrogen at position 4 of each of the piperazine moieties is replaced by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group.


METRONIDAZOLE BENZOATE

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of metronidazole.


coumarin

A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position.


levobupivacaine

The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


RESINIFERATOXIN

A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).


mocetinostat

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).


THIAZOLIDINEDIONE

A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.


succinic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.


CAFESTOL

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and furan diterpenoid with formula C20H28O3 obtained from the unsaponifiable fraction of coffee oil (a lipid fraction obtained from coffee beans by organic solvent extraction).


COAGULATION FACTOR VIIA RECOMBINANT HUMAN


L-methionine

The L-enantiomer of methionine.


DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE

An organic sodium salt which is the disodium salt of dexamethasone phosphate.


GERANYLGERANIOL

A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


satavaptan

A vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist that has been shown to improve hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.


orphenadrine

A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.


ERIBULIN MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of eribulin with one equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage.


ANTROQUINONOL

An enone that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, a methyl group at position 6 and a (2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R,6R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the solid-state fermented mycelium of the fungus Antrodia camphorata and has been found to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines. However, a synthesis-enabled biological re-examination published in 2016, revealed minimal in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity in preclinical models.


oxybuprocaine

A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.


CREATININE

A lactam obtained by formal cyclocondensation of creatine. It is a metabolite of creatine.


DIETHANOLAMINE

A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.


DIETHYLAMINE

A secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are ethyl.


rebaudioside A

A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.


DABRAFENIB MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt prepared from equimolar amounts of dabrafenib and methanesulfonic acid. Used for treatment of metastatic melanoma.


mepivacaine

A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.


APOCYNIN

An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.


TREHALOSE

A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.


ECHOTHIOPHATE IODIDE

The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.


ergothioneine

A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a mercapto group. A naturally occurring metabolite of histidine synthesized by bacteria and fungi with antioxidant properties. It is found ubiquitously in plants and animals and is present in many human foodstuffs.


eslicarbazepine acetate

The acetate ester, with S configuration, of licarbazepine. An anticonvulsant, it is approved for use in Europe and the United States as an adjunctive therapy for epilepsy.


carboplatin

A platinum coordination entity with cis square-planar geometry in which  platinum(II) is coordinated to two ammonia ligands and a bidentate cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate ligand.


(E)-beta-caryophyllene

A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.


TOFA

A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.


alpha-methyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.


pindolol

A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.


A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.


amlexanox

A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.


TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE

An addition compound obtained by combining equimolar amounts of trametinib and dimethyl sulfoxide. Used for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations, and who have not received prior BRAF inhibitor treatment.


imidapril

A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.


SILDENAFIL CITRATE

The citrate salt of sildenafil.


mitoxantrone

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.


(-)-menthol

A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.


An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.


sucrose

A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.


OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.


medroxyprogesterone

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17alpha-hydroxy group of medroxyprogesterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A widely used progestin in menopausal hormone therapy and in progestogen-only birth control.


tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.


methyl isocyanate

The isocyanate that is methane modified by a single isocyanato substituent.


arbutin

A monosaccharide derivative that is  hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.


(+)-menthol

A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1S,2R,5S)-stereochemistry. In contrast to (-)-menthol, the (+)-enantiomer occurs only rarely in nature.


artemether

An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


calcium oxide

A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.


sodium monofluorophosphate

Sodium fluorophosphate, commonly abbreviated MFP, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2PO3F. Typical for a salt, MFP is odourless, colourless, and water-soluble. This salt is an ingredient in toothpastes.


cefdinir

A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.


SEPIAPTERIN

A sepiapterin with L configuration.


linifanib

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl group, while the other is substituted by a p-(3-amino-1H-indazol-4-yl)phenyl group. It is a potent, selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases.


dicloxacillin

A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.


(S,S)-asenapine maleate

A maleate salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of (S,S)-asenapine and maleic acid.


vaniprevir

An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor which is approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections in Japan.


proflavine

An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.


avutometinib

A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methyl-7-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]coumarin carrying an additional [2-[(methylaminosulfonyl)amino]-3-fluoropyridin-4-yl]methyl substituent at position 3.


LOBELINE

An optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position.


finafloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.


SIGNALING LYMPHOCYTIC ACTIVATION MOLECULE


FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE

An organoammonium salt obtained by reaction of fosaprepitant with two equivalents of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors. Aprepitant has little or no affinity for serotonin (5-HT3), dopamine, and corticosteroid receptors, the targets of existing therapies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and postoperative nausea and vomiting


ALVOCIDIB HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of alvocidib and hydrogen chloride. A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.


castor oil

A mixture of triglycerides obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The major component is triricinolein. Typical fatty acid composition on hydrolysis is 87% ricinoleic acid, 7% oleic acid, 3% linoleic acid, 2% palmitic acid, 1% stearic acid, and trace amounts of dihydroxystearic acid.


marimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.


MUSCIMOL

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.


ESCHERICHIA COLI HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN


ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of erlotinib.


motixafortide

A heterodetic cyclic peptide that has antineoplastic activity. It is a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM and is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and stem cell mobilization. It was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2019.


papaverine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.


phenformin

A member of the class of biguanides that is  biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of  lactic acidosis.


bacitracin A

A mixture of at least nine closely related homodetic cyclic peptides produced by Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, which is particularly active against Gram-positive bacteria.


dasabuvir

A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.


genistein

A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties.


antazoline

A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.


sodium propionate

An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.


SULBACTAM SODIUM

The organic sodium salt of sulbactam.


scopolamine

A tropane alkaloid that is the (S)-tropic acid ester of 6beta,7beta-epoxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropan-3alpha-ol.


delavirdine

The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.


taltirelin

An oligopeptide comprising of (4S)-1-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, L-histidine and L-prolinamide joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog. Its tetrahydrate form is approved in Japan for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy.


SOBLIDOTIN

A tetrapeptide derivative of dolastatin 10. It is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization which exhibits potent antitumor activity.


CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE

A malate salt that is the mono-(S)-malate salt of cabozantinib. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.


sodium hypochlorite

An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.


ceftazidime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and {[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE

A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having having adenine as the nucleobase.


saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


TANDUTINIB

An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-7-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy]quinazolin-4-yl group, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is replaced by a (p-isopropoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl group. Tandutinib is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases FLT3, PDGFR and KIT.


BENZIMIDAZOLE

The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.


An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).


sodium aurothiomalate

An organic sodium salt which is the disodium salt of gold thiomalic acid, with a basic unit comprising two sodium cations and a divalent aurothiomalate anion.


timonacic

An alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of thioproline; major species at pH 7.3.


methohexital

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.


HESPERIDIN

A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


digitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.


An oxopurine that is xanthine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methyl group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of caffeine.


POTASSIUM CITRATE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of potassium citrate.


ALOGLIPTIN BENZOATE

A benzoate salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of alogliptin and benzoic acid. Used for treatment of type 2 diabetes.


lumacaftor

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.


A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.


ubidecarenone

A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.


1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid

An oxopurine that is uric acid in which the hydrogens at positions 1,3,7 and 9 are replaced by methyl groups. It is a purine alkaloid that is found in Chinese tea known as kucha (Camellia assamica var. kucha) and exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


tenofovir alafenamide

An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


abiraterone acetate

A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of abiraterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A prodrug that is converted in vivo into abiraterone. Used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.


estetrol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol which has been substituted at the 15alpha and 16alpha positions by two additional hydroxy groups. It is a natural estrogen produced exclusively during pregnancy by the fetal liver.


proglumide

A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.


kanamycin

Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.


lornoxicam

A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.


sugammadex sodium

An organic sodium salt that is the octasodium salt of sugammadex. Used for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium in adults undergoing surgery.


silicon dioxide

A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.


favipiravir

A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is N-[4-(pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]glycinamide in which the pyrazole ring is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by trifluoromethyl and phenanthrene-2-yl groups respectively.


pyridoxal 5-phosphate

The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.


indapamide

A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.


AICA ribonucleotide

A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.


lumefantrine

A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.


cytidine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.


tenofovir disoproxil

An organic phosphonate that is the disoproxil ester of tenofovir. A prodrug for tenofovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir disoproxil is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.


SODIUM IODIDE

A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.


cariprazine

An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.


TESEVATINIB

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino, methoxy, and [(3aR,5r,6aS)-2-methyloctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-5-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, ErbB2, KDR, Flt4 and EphB4 and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


enbucrilate

A macromolecule composed of repeating butyl 2-cyanopropanoate units.


tetracycline

A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.


flupentixol

A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.


diethyltoluamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.


estriol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17 (16alpha,17beta-stereoisomer).


lucanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.


HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.


promethazine

A  tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.


tibolone

Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.


trichloroacetaldehyde

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


fluphenazine decanoate

The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.


dimethyl fumarate

An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.


GP-2 HER2-DERIVED, HLA-A2+ RESTRICTED PEPTIDE


REBAUDIOSIDE M

A rebaudioside that is rebaudioside A in which the the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 of the beta-D-glucosyl ester moiety have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. Found in very low concentraitions in the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana, it is more than 200 times sweeter than sucrose.


saccharin

A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.


perphenazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.


ERITORAN TETRASODIUM

An organic sodium salt which is the tetrasodium salt of eritoran.


TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE FUMARATE

A fumarate salt prepared from tenofovir alafenamide by reaction of one molecule of fumaric acid for every two molecules of tenofovir alafenamide. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.


retinol

Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.


sorbinil

An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.


glycocholic acid

A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.


nintedanib

A member of the class of oxindoles that is a kinase inhibitor used (in the form of its ethylsulfonate salt) for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer.


p-quaterphenyl

A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of four phenyl groups connected to each other in the para position.


FINGOLIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).


OXYPURINOL

A  pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


(R)-sulforaphane

A sulforaphane in which the sulfinyl group has R configuration. Naturally occurring compound found in brocolli that acts as a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes.


glutathione

A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine.


LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM

The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action,  liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.


valganciclovir

The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.


DINITROCHLOROBENZENE

A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.


D-LIMONENE

An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.


apilimod

Apilimod (STA 5326) is a potent IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, and strongly inhibits IL-12 in IFNg/SAC-stimulated human PBMCs and SAC-treated monkey PBMCs. Apilimod is a potent and highly selective PIKfyve inhibitor.


L-leucine

The L-enantiomer of leucine.


CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.


pracinostat

A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.


trans-vaccenic acid

The trans- isomer of vaccenic acid.


fotemustine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fotemustine. It is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant melanoma.


A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by (4-carboxyphenyl)methyl and {[(1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino}methyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A). It was under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and small cell lung carcinoma.


lormetazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.


sertindole

A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.


fluorine-18 atom

The radioactive isotope of fluorine with relative atomic mass 18.000938. The longest-lived fluorine radionuclide with half-life of 109.77 min.


sialic acid

An N-acetylneuraminic acid that is keto-neuraminic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group.


kynurenic acid

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.


mepacrine

A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.


chlorzoxazone

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


calcium carbonate

A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.


rubitecan

A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.


cyclic GMP

A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.


zinc acetate

An acetate salt in which the cationic component is zinc(2+).


TRINITROTOLUENE

A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.


Vitamin E

An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.


brompheniramine

Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


A divalent metal cation in which the metal is manganese.


S-ROLIPRAM

The (S)-enantiomer of rolipram.


CARBENDAZIM

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls  Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.


idebenone

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, by a methyl group at positions 5, and by a 10-hydroxydecyl group at positions 6. Initially developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, benefits were modest; it was subsequently found to be of benefit for the symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia.


KETOTIFEN FUMARATE

An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.


hematoporphyrin

A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.


L-valine

The L-enantiomer of valine.


sodium selenite

An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


BIS(ETHYL)NORSPERMINE

N(1),N(11)-bis(ethyl)norspermine (DENSPM), a N-terminally alkylated tetraamine and polyamine mimetics, disrupts polyamine pool homeostasis by modulating the activities of the biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC).


potassium hydrogencarbonate

A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.


(1-(2-Tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) and uracil 1:4


PANOBINOSTAT LACTATE

A lactate salt having panobinostat(1+) as the counterion. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.


NARINGENIN

The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.


(S)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


mepyramine

An ethylenediamine derivative that is  ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.


2-Butene-1,4-diamine, N,N'-bis(3-(ethylamino)propyl)-, tetrahydrochloride, (Z)-


mycophenolic acid

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.


azlocillin

A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.


tranilast

An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.


A member of the class of imidazopyridines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine substituted by (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino and (2-hydroxyethoxy)aminoacyl groups at positions 5 and 6. It is a potent ATP non-competitive inhibitor of MEK1 (Ki = 0.13nM) and also has efficacy against both mutant BRAF and mutant KRAS. It is in clinical development for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.


sodium thiosulfate

A hydrate consisting of sodium thiosulfate with 5 mol eq. of water.


ritodrine

A 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol that has (1S,2R)-configuration.


neomycin

A broad-spectrum highly toxic antibiotic or mixture of antibiotics produced by a streptomyces (Streptomyces fradiae) and used medically especially to treat local infections.


eldecalcitol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 3-hydroxypropoxy group at position 2.


pentobarbitone

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.


cocaine

A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.


ROCURONIUM BROMIDE

The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.


acenocoumarol

A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.


cyclopentolate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis  of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.


diphenylcyclopropenone

A cyclopropenone compound having phenyl substituents at the 2- and 3-positions.


P-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.


etazolate

A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.


mosapride

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.


CEFEPIME HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of cefepime.


INGENOL

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 1a,2,5,5a,6,9,10,10a-octahydro-1H-2,8a-methanocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[e][10]annulen-11-one substituted at positions 5, 5a and 6 by hydroxy groups, positions 1, 1, 7 and 9 by methyl groups, position 4 by a hydroxymethyl group and position 1 by an oxo group (the 1aR,2S,5R,5aR,6S,8aS,9R,10aR diastereomer).


pictilisib

A sulfonamide composed of indazole, morpholine, and methylsulfonyl-substituted piperazine rings bound to a thienopyrimidine ring.


NUMIDARGISTAT

An aminopyrrolidine that is pyrrolidine substituted by (2S)-2-aminopropanoyl, amino, carboxy, and 3-boronopropyl groups at positions 1, 3, 3, and 4 (the 3R,4S-stereoisomer). It is a selective arginase inhibitor being developed by Calithera Biosciences for the treatment of solid tumours.


HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN


flurazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.


oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7)

An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.


amifostine

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


VORAPAXAR SULFATE

An organic sulfate salt obtained by combining vorapaxar with one molar equivalent of sulfuric acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.


CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE TOXOID ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)


curcumin

A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.


lysergic acid

An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.


quinidine

A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.


PREDNISOLONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE

An organic sodium salt of prednisolone phosphate. It is an ophthalmology drug used for the treatment of short-term inflammatory eye conditions and helps relieve inflammation, redness and irritation of the eyes.


hexachlorophene

An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.


BROMPHENIRAMINE MALEATE

The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM

The calcium salt of pitavastatin. Used for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.


CETHROMYCIN

A macrolide antibiotic which displays in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is currently under investigation for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have also granted orphan drug designation to cethromycin for the treatment of anthrax prophylaxis, tularemia, and plague (PDB entry: 1NWX).


cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of morphine.


azithromycin

A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.


oxatomide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.


nitrite

The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid.


GENTIAN VIOLET

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.


SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATE

A succinate salt obtained by reaction of sumatriptan with one equivalent of succinic acid. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.


A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.


LEVOBUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of levobupivacaine.


sulfamethoxazole

An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.


(S,R,R,R)-nebivolol hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


thiopental

A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzothiazole with the sulfo group of 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, being developed by Veralox Therapeutics for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.


melatonin

A member of the class of  acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans.


inulin

An inulobiose in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


ALPHA-PINENE

A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively.


PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE 3-KINASE CATALYTIC SUBUNIT ALPHA ISOFORM


A member of the class of  pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.


fluticasone furoate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


(-)-sulpiride

An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).


guanidine

An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.


milrinone

A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2-pyridone which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 6 by cyano, pyrid-4-yl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is used (particularly intravenously, as the lactate) for the short-term management of severe heart failure.


.ALPHA.-TOCOPHERYLOXYACETIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol in which the hydroxy group at position 6 is replaced by a carboxymethoxy group. It is a nonhydrolyzable ether analog of vitamin E that exhibits anticancer properties.


peginesatide

A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of two identical 21-amino acid cyclic peptide units covalently bonded via a linker derived from iminodiacetic acid and beta-alanine to a lysine-branched poly(ethylene glycol) chain. Used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease in patients on dialysis.


MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of memantine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.


tavaborole

A member of the class of benzoxaboroles that is 1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole substituted at position 5 by a fluoro group. A topical antifungal agent used for the treatment of onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toenails and fingernails).


noradrenaline

A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


didanosine

A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.


CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI TOXOID ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)


L-lysine

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-lysine; major species at pH 7.3.


nabiximols

A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.


exisulind

A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps.  Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.


ROLIPRAM

A member of the lclass of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one bearing a 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.  It is a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor.


adenosine

A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


L-cysteine

An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.


OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.


flecainide

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).


velpatasvir

A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.


AMPELOPSIN

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


MDMA

A member of the class of  benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.


The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


carbidopa

3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.


PSORALEN

The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like  Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.


cholesterol sulphate

A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.