iptacopan

A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by [(2S,4S)-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-ethoxypiperidin-1-yl]methyl, methoxy, and methyl groups at positions 4, 5, and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of complement factor B (IC50 = 10nM) with potential immunomodulatory activity.


ivermectin

A mixture consisting of >= 90% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (R = Me) and <= 10% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b (R = H). A semi-synthetic derivative of abamectin, it is used as a broad-spectrum antiparasite medication, particularly against worms (except tapeworms), although it is also effective against most mites and some lice.


oxaliplatin

A platinum coordination entity that is a commonly used chemothrepeutic drug for treatment of colorectal cancer.


alvespimycin

A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group.


bethanechol

The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.


amsacrine

A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits  antineoplastic activity.


huperzine A

A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.


TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


ledipasvir

A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.


veliparib

A benzimidazole substituted with a carbamoyl group at C-4 and a (2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl moiety at C-2.  It is a potent, orally bioavailable PARP inhibitor.


ammonium chloride

An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.


betacarotene

A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid.


phosphocreatine

A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.


tromethamine

A primary amino compound that is tert-butylamine in which one hydrogen attached to each methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7--9; pKa = 8.3 at 20 degreeC; pKa = 7.82 at 37 degreeC.


Ceftriaxone disodium salt hemiheptahydrate


vilanterol

An dichlorobenzene derivative that is used in the form of its trifenate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


L-KYNURENINE

A kynurenine that has L configuration.


floxuridine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.


zopiclone

A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.


temocillin

A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.


COPANLISIB HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of copanlisib.


cytarabine

A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to D-arabinofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond. Used mainly in the treatment of leukaemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties.


IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of irinotecan hydrochloride. Onivyde is used in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. It is converted via hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage to its active metabolite, SN-38, which is ~1000 times more active.


prilocaine

An  amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.


PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.


L-isoleucine

The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.


fucoxanthin

An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.


steviolbioside

A beta-D-glucoside that is steviolmonoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucoside moiety has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.


clodronic acid

An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.


VADIMEZAN

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.


A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.


unithiol

An alkanesulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by sulfanyl groups at positions 2 and 3.


dihydrotestosterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.


HUMAN RECOMBINANT BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 4


tamibarotene

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with the amino group of 5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-amine.


lesinurad

A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.


pizotifen

A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.


dimercaprol

A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.


magnesium acetate

The magnesium salt of acetic acid.


TIOTROPIUM

A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


seliciclib

2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.


camostat

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.


biperiden

A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


chenodeoxycholic acid

A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


A member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is (4S)-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-dione bearing two additional ethyl substituents at positions 4 and 11 as well as two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 9. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan and is ~1000 times more active than irinotecan itself.


O-propanoyl-L-carnitine

An optically active O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent and (R)-configuration at the 3-position.


theophylline

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea.


NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE

A pyridine nucleoside consisting of nicotinamide with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position.


zinc sulfate

A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.


AZELASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of azelastine.


L-homocysteine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.


VARESPLADIB METHYL

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of varespladib with methanol. It is a potential therapy for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in which toxicity depends on the action of PLA2s.


conivaptan

The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).


aminoglutethimide

A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.


levamlodipine

The (4S)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


rofecoxib

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 3 and by a p-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl group at position 4. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was used from 1999 to 2004 for the treatment of ostoarthritis, but was withdrawn following concerns about an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke.


chromium atom

A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.


TANDOSPIRONE CITRATE

A citrate salt of tandospirone , comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and tandospirone. It is an anxiolytic drug used in the treatment of anxiety disorders.


α-linolenic acid

A linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect.


nimustine

An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.


CANAGLIFLOZIN

A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.


tianeptine

A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.


ISOXAFLUTOLE

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazole substituted by a 2-(methanesulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group and a cyclopropyl group at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor which is used as a herbicide for weed control in maize and sugarcane.


NAD

Abbreviation for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide when its oxidation state is unknown or unspecified. It is used in metabolic pathways like glycolysis and citric acid cycle.


CYCLOBENZAPRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


BENOXINATE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of oxybuprocaine.


DOXECITINE

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having cytosine as the nucleobase.


DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine.  A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.


glycolic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.


disodium selenite pentahydrate

A hydrate that is the pentahydrate form of disodium selenite.


PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine,  a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.


verteporfin

An equimolar mixture of the 9-methyl ester and 13-methyl ester of trans-(+-)-18-ethenyl-4,4a-dihydro-3,4-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-4a,8,14,19-tetramethyl-23H,25H-benzo[b]porphine-9,13-dipropanoic acid. It is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy to eliminate the abnormal blood vessels in the eye associated with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration. Verteporfin accumulates in these abnormal blood vessels and, when activated by red (693 nm) laser light in the presence of oxygen, produces highly reactive short-lived singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen radicals, resulting in local damage to the endothelium and blockage of the vessels.


buparlisib

An aminopyridine that is 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine substituted at position 5 by a 2,6-di(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-y group. A selective PI3K inhibitor with anti-tumour properties.


erythromycin ethyl succinate

A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.


pentaerithrityl tetranitrate

A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.


lauric acid

A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.


β-alanine

A naturally-occurring beta-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position.


TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of tamulosin and hydrogen chloride.


retigabine

A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An  anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.


ALCLOMETASONE

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position and an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position.


undecanoic acid

A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.


cilastatin

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with  imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.


resminostat

An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[1-({4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl}sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylases with potential antineoplastic activity.


cenicriviroc

A member of the class of benzazocines that is (5Z)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-benzazocine which is substituted by a 2-methylpropyl, N-{4-[(S)-(1-propyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methanesulfinyl]phenyl}carboxamide and 4-(2-butoxyethoxy)phenyl groups at positions 1, 5 and 8, respectively. It is a potent chemokine 2 and 5 receptor antagonist currently in development for the treatment of liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).


DOCETAXEL

The trihydrate form of  docetaxel. It is used for the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer, and with prednisone or prednisolone in hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer.


BERAPROST SODIUM

The organic sodium salt of beraprost. It is used in the treatment of chronic arterial occlusive disease and primary pulmonary hypertension in Japan.


sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A polymer composed of repeating sodium ethylbenzenesulfonate units (position of substitution not specified).


felypressin

A synthetic nonapeptide comprising cysteinyl, phenylalanyl, phenylalanyl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, cysteinyl, prolyl, lysyl, and glycinamide residues in sequence, with a disulfide bridge joining the two cysteine residues. Its antidiuretic effects are less than those of vasopressin. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in local anaesthetic injections for dental use, and is an ingredient of preparations that have been used for treatment of pain and inflammation of the mouth.


pemafibrate

A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by 3-[(1R)-1-carboxypropoxy]benzyl and 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl groups. It is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonist that is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


amitriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.


iobitridol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanimido at position 5.


sulindac

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.


FENRETINIDE

A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.


telatinib

A member of the class of furopyridazines that is furo[2,3-d]pyridazine substituted by (4-chlorophenyl)amino and [2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridin-4-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2/3, c-Kit and PDGFRalpha.


tandospirone

A dicarboximide that is (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione which is substituted by a 4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl group at position 2. It is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (Ki = 27 nM).


CLEMASTINE FUMARATE

The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


TRIDECANOATE

A C13 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.


pantothenic acid

A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.


DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE

The hemiethanolate hemihydrate of doxycycline hydrochloride. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis.


ellagic acid

An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates.


TYROSOL

A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


xanthine

An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.


A C-nucleoside analog that is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile substituted by a 4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl group at position 2. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir and exhibits a broad range of inhibitory activity against various RNA viruses including HCV, parainfluenza and SARS-CoV.


potassium iodide

A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.


vitamin A palmitate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.


(R)-tolvaptan

The (R)-enantiomer of tolvaptan.


TROSPIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.


taurine

An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from  methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension.


forskolin

A labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant.


A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.


pimozide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.


DOTA

An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.


3,5-DIIODOTHYROPROPIONIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.


NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN


D-serine

The R-enantiomer of serine.


CINACALCET HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride derived from equimolar amounts of cinacalcet and hydrogen chloride.


A nitro fatty acid that is (9E)-octadec-9-enoic (elaidic) acid substituted by a nitro group at position 10.


dexpanthenol

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is 3,3-dimethylbutanamide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and a 3-hydroxypropyl group at the carbomyl nitrogen.


citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE

A member of the class of  phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.


trandolapril

A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.


mexiletine

An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.


TIRAPAZAMINE

A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.


pivmecillinam

A penicillanic acid ester that is the [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl ester and prodrug of mecillinam.


fludarabine phosphate

A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.


balsalazide disodium

The dihydrate of the disodium salt of balsalazide. A prodrug, releasing the anti-inflammatory 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) in the large intestine, it is used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.


DESIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.


entinostat

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of the pyridin-3-ylmethyl carbamate derivative of p-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase isoform 1 (HDAC1) and isoform 3 (HDAC3).


BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.


palmitoleic acid

A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration.


sulfanilamide

A sulfonamide in which the sulfamoyl functional group is attached to aniline at the 4-position.


(-)-CAMPHOR

The S-enantiomer of camphor.


CANGRELOR TETRASODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of cangrelor. Used as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.


trifluoperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is  phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


fexagratinib

A member of the class of  benzamides  that is a carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(cis-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino substituent of 5-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine. It is an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride hydrate salt of ziprasidone.


A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.


roxithromycin

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


amodiaquine

A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.


thiomersal

An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.


ginsenoside Rg3

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


fenoterol

A member of the class  resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.


amyl nitrite

A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.


ombitasvir

A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.


PALONOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining palonosetron with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride; an antiemetic used in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.


clavulanic acid

Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.


TRICIRIBINE

A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.


lopinavir

A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is amphetamine is substituted on nitrogen by a (2,6-dimethylphenoxy)acetyl group and on the carbon alpha- to nitrogen by a (1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-{[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(2-oxotetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)butanoyl]amino}-4-phenylbutyl group. An antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class, it is used against HIV infections as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir.


pergolide

A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.


cetrimide

The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.


regorafenib

A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by condensation of 4-[4-({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid with methylamine. Used for for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have previously received chemotherapy, anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy.


mianserin

A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.


nicotinamide

A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.


nicorandil

A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.


BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN SUBSTRAIN TOKYO 172-1 LIVE ANTIGEN


uric acid

An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.


hydralazine

The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.


pterostilbene

A stilbenol that consists of trans-stilbene bearing a hydroxy group at position 4 as well as two methoxy substituents at positions 3' and 5'.


tilarginine

A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.


AMINOPHYLLINE

A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.


menatetrenone

A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.


arachidonic acid

A long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.


narlaprevir

An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.


dantrolene sodium hemiheptahydrate

A hydrate which is the hemiheptahydrate of anhydrous dantrolene sodium.


levamisole

A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.


L-fucose

Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.


zofenopril

A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.


valdecoxib

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke.


tiratricol

A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.


L-citrulline

The L-enantiomer of citrulline.


savolitinib

A member of the class of triazolopyrazines that is 1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazine substituted by (1S)-1-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)ethyl and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl groups at positions 1 and 6, respectively. It is a highly selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved in China for advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations.


GABA

A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.


dexamethasone phosphate

A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.


oxalacetic acid

An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.


ALOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of alosetron.


spermine

A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism.


2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid

A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.


atracurium

A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.


perifosine

A phospholipid consisting of 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium-4-yl hydrogen phosphate in which the hydrogen is replaced by a stearyl (octadecyl) group.


INDACATEROL MALEATE

A maleate salt obtained by reaction of indacaterol with one equivalent of maleic acid. Used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


eprosartan

A member of the class of  imidazoles and  thiophenes  that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.


pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


butorphanol D-tartrate

The (S,S)-tartaric acid salt of butorphanol. It is used for relief or moderate to severe pain.


CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.


eperisone

A racemate that is an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-eperisone. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a muscle relaxant for the symptomatic treatment of muscle spasm and spasticity.


etodolac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.


oleuropein

A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.


telbivudine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase.


PEMETREXED DISODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).


varespladib

A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by benzyl, ethyl, oxamoyl, and carboxymethoxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is an oral secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects.


PSILOCYBINE

A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").


ertapenem sodium

The monosodium salt of ertapenem. It is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract. It is more stable to  renal dehydropeptidase I tham imipenem, and so unlike imipenem, its use with cilastatin, which inhibits the enzyme, is not required.


oleic acid

An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.


alendronate sodium trihydrate

A hydride that is the trihydrate of alendronate sodium


palmitic acid

A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.


URIDINE TRIACETATE

An acetate ester that is uracil in which the three hydroxy hydrogens are replaced by acetate group. A prodrug for uridine, it is used for the treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria  and for management of fluorouracil toxicity.


dacomitinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is 7-methoxyquinazoline-4,6-diamine in which the amino group at position 4 is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group and the amino group at position 6 is substituted by an (E)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)but-2-enoyl group.


yohimbine

An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.


cyproheptadine

The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.


L-threonine

An optically active form of threonine having L-configuration.


corticorelin

A corticotropin-releasing hormone from human/rat composed of Ser, Glu, Glu, Pro, Pro, Ile, Ser, Leu, Asp, Leu, Val, Phe, His, Leu, Leu, Arg, Glu, Val, Leu, Glu, Met, Ala, Arg, Ala, Glu, Gln, Leu, Ala, Gln, Gln, Ala, His, Ser, Asn, Arg, Lys, Leu, Met, Glu, Ile and Ile-NH2 residues joined in sequence.


piclidenoson

A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.


methoxyflurane

An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.


ETANIDAZOLE

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. Used as a radiosensitising agent for hypoxic tumour cells.


L-aspartic acid

The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.


chlorogenic acid

A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin.


carbamide peroxide

A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.


ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATE

An azaheterocycle sulfate salt that is a prodrug for isavuconazole, an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.


polihexanide

A homopolymer macromolecule composed of repeating N-hexyltriimidodicarbonic diamide units. It is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and antifungal agent. Also commonly used as a swimming pool and spa water sanitizer.


enoxacin

A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.


BOSCALID

A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloronicotinic acid with the amino group of 4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-amine. A fungicide active against a broad range of fungal pathogens including Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Sclerotinia spp. for use on a wide range of crops including fruit, vegetables and ornamentals.


EDOXABAN TOSYLATE

An organosulfonate salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of edoxaban and 4-toluenesulfonic acid. Used (in the form of its monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.


A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine.


doxycycline

Tetracycline in which the 5beta-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group, while the 6alpha-hydroxy group is replaced by hydrogen. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis.


lasofoxifene

A member of the class of tetralins that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 are replaced by 4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl and phenyl groups, respectively (the 5R,6S-stereoisomer). It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


phenol

An organic hydroxy compound that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of phenols.


An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2R-stereoisomer).


silibinin

A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.


PAZOPANIB HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of pazopanib and hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of kidney cancer.


(-)-Epicatechin

A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.


loxoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.


beraprost

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.


eritrityl tetranitrate

Erythritol in which each of the hydroxy groups has been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to nitroglycerin. It is usually used diluted with lactose or other suitable inert excipients, in order to minimise the risk of explosion; undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate can be exploded by percussion or excessive heat.


mefenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


sodium lauryl sulfate

An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.


ceftolozane

A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (5-amino-4-{[(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics.


LEUPROLIDE ACETATE

An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.


BRYOSTATIN 1

A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins.


CHOLINE C-11

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the chloride salt of (11)C-choline. An intravenous radioactive diagnostic agent used as a tracer during positron emission tomography scans to help detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer.


An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.


apramycin

An aminoglycoside that is 2-deoxystreptamine that is substituted on the oxygen at position 4 by an (8R)-2-amino-8-O-(4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,7-trideoxy-7-(methylamino)-D-glycero-alpha-D-allo-octodialdo-1,5:8,4-dipyranos-1-yl) group.


fluciclovine (18F)

A member of the class of cyclobutanes that is cyclobutane which carries a carboxy, amino and ((18)F)fluoro groups at positions 1, 1 and 3, respectively (the 1r,3r-stereoisomer). It is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for visualizing prostate cancer.


PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE

A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at both positions 1 and 2 is stearoyl.


iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate

A hydrate that is the heptahydrate form of iron(2+) sulfate. It is used as a source of iron in the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia (generally in liquid-dosage treatments; for solid-dosage treatments, the monohydrate is normally used).


1-O-[2-(benzylcarbamoylamino)propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-(diethylcarbamoylamino)propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-[diethylcarbamoyl(ethyl)amino]propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-(dimethylcarbamoylamino)propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-[dimethylcarbamoyl(methyl)amino]propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-[ethylcarbamoyl(methyl)amino]propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-[ethyl(ethylcarbamoyl)amino]propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate;1-O-[2-(phenylcarbamoylamino)propyl] 4-O-propan-2-yl but-2-enedioate


lactic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


imidacloprid

The E-isomer of imidacloprid.


PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of pramiprexole.


flavoxate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.


tolfenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.


METHOTREXATE SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of methotrexate.


thymol

A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.


LENVATINIB MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of lenvatinib with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.


cefmetazole

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.


ulotaront

A member of the class of thienopyrans that is 4,7-dihydro-5H-thieno[2,3-c]pyran substituted by a (methylamino)methyl at position 7S. It is a trace amine-associated receptor 1 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors agonist that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.


FENFLURAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of fenfluramine. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine hydrochloride was used for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


L-glutamic acid

An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.


MYRCENE

A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


PRAVASTATIN SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.


galunisertib

A pyrrolopyrazole that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 6-methylpyridin-2-yl and 6-(aminocarbonyl)quinolin-4-yl groups, respectively. A Transforming growth factor-betaRI (TGF-betaRI) kinase inhibitor, it blocks TGF-beta-mediated tumor growth in glioblastoma.


hymecromone

A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


eugenol

A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis.


chlorpheniramine

A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.


PERILLYL ALCOHOL

A perillyl alcohol in which the chiral centre has S configuration.


orazamide

An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.


ZIPRASIDONE MESYLATE

The methanesulfonate trihydrate salt of ziprasidone.


A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.


Guanosine, 2'-deoxy-6-O-ethyl-2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-, cyclic 3',5'-(1-methylethyl (R)-phosphate), (2'R)-


cefaclor

A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


RIGOSERTIB SODIUM

The sodium salt of rigosertib. It is an anti-cancer agent which has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by the FDA for use in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).


VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE

A triphenylacetate salt obtained by combining vilanterol with one equivalent of  triphenylacetic acid. Used in combination with fluticasone furoate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


flumazenil

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.


butyric acid

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.


ebselen

A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.


andrographolide

A labdane diterpenoid isolated from the leaves and roots of Andrographis paniculata that exhibits anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties.


adenosine 5'-monophosphate

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


sulforaphane

An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.


chloral hydrate

An organochlorine compound that is the hydrate of trichloroacetaldehyde.


An amino hexasaccharide consisting of alpha-L-fucose, beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine, alpha-D-galactose, beta-D-galactose and beta-D-glucose residues joined in sequence with (1->2)-, (1->3)-, (1->3)-, (1->4)- and (1->4)-linkages, respectively.


RUCAPARIB CAMSYLATE

A camphorsulfonate salt obtained by reaction of rucaparib with one molar equivalent of (1S,4R)-camphorsulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and is used as monotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer and deleterious germline or somatic BRCA mutation.


nateglinide

An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


DELAVIRDINE MESYLATE

The monomethanesulfonic acid salt of delavirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.


ethinylestradiol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a  xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.


epalrestat

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.


L-tyrosine

An optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration.


R-NICOTINE

A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has R-configuration.


methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


RUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt obtained by reaction ruxolitinib with one equivalent of phosphoric acid. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis.


flucloxacillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.


THYMIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE

The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).


PHENANTHRENE

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'


CAMOSTAT MESILATE

A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt prepared from equimolar amounts of camostat and methanesulfonic acid. It is a serine protease inhibitor approved and marketed  in Japan in 1985 for the alleviation of acute symptoms associated with chronic pancreatitis. In 1994, it was approved for the treatment of postoperative reflux esophagitis.


sodium chloride

An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.


L-serine

The L-enantiomer of serine.


alvocidib

A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.


CHOLINE CHLORIDE

A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.


IXAZOMIB CITRATE

A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of 2,2'-{2-[(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]-5-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-4,4-diyl}diacetic acid. A prodrug for ixazomib that is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.


GINSENOSIDE RE

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


dienogest

A steroid hormone that is 17beta-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-diene substituted at position 17 by a cyanomethyl group. Used as an oral contraceptive.


alverine

A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.


ethyl chloride

The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.


PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE

A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.


L-phenylalanine

The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.


zuclopenthixol

The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.


BUTOCONAZOLE NITRATE

An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid.  An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.


ELAIDIC ACID

A 9-octadecenoic acid and the trans-isomer of oleic acid.


perflenapent

A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.


atorvastatin calcium trihydrate

A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of atorvastatin calcium.


meclofenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


SODIUM ARSENITE

An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.


nonoxinol

A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.


cefotetan

A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and  {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.


sulfadimidine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


aldosterone

A pregnane-based steroidal hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.


BREQUINAR SODIUM

An organic sodium salt of brequinar.


baicalein

A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7.


THIOPENTAL SODIUM

An organic sodium salt having thiopental(1-) as the counter-ion.


thiamine

A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.


EUPATILIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.


stearic acid

A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and  plastics.


KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.


harmine

A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.


betulinic acid

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties.


decanoic acid

A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.


elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


TANESPIMYCIN

A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy substituent attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by an allylamino group. It is a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). A less toxic analogue than geldanamycin, it induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.


TIPIRACIL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining tipiracil with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer.


NADH

A coenzyme found in all living cells; consists of two nucleotides joined through their 5'-phosphate groups, with one nucleotide containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide.


potassium phosphate, monobasic

A potassium salt in which dihydrogen phosphate(1-) is the counterion.


An organofluorine compound that is uridine bearing a fluoro substituent at position 5 on the uracil ring.


methfuroxam

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2,4,5-trimethyl-3-furoic acid with the amino group of aniline. An obsolete fungicide formerly used to control Basidiomycetes pathogens on cereal crops.


cyproterone acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas.


myo-inositol

An inositol having myo- configuration.


EFLORNITHINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride and hydrate of the  trypanocidal drug eflornithine.


triclosan

An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.


benzydamine

A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.


pristinamycin IA

A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.


benzbromarone

1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.


CARBOMER HOMOPOLYMER TYPE C (ALLYL PENTAERYTHRITOL CROSSLINKED)


L-histidine

The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.


stanozolol

An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.


OGLUFANIDE

A dipeptide composed of L-glutamic acid and L-tryptophan joined by a peptide linkage.


SQUARIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER

A cyclic ketone and diether that is a dibutyl ether derivative of squaric acid.


VACCINIA VIRUS STRAIN NEW YORK CITY BOARD OF HEALTH LIVE ANTIGEN


teicoplanin

A complex mixture of related natural products isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus comprising five major components (teicoplanin A2-1 through A2-5), a hydrolysis component (teicoplanin A3-1), and four minor components (teicoplanin RS-1 through RS-4). An antibiotic with a similar spectrum of activity to vancomycin, it is used to treat serious Gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.


nefopam

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The  hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.


MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.


SODIUM METABISULFITE

An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.


tacrine

A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED

An allotropic form of the element carbon with cubic structure which is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 6 GPa at room temperature and metastable at atmospheric pressure. At low pressures diamond converts rapidly to graphite at temperatures above 1900 K in an inert atmosphere. The chemical bonding between the carbon atoms is covalent with sp(3) hybridization.


procaine

A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.


mirodenafil

A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one having a 5-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-propoxyphenyl group at positon 2, ethyl group at position 5, and a propyl group at position 7. It is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.


DACLATASVIR DIHYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining daclatasvir with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. It is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used for treatment of hepatitis C.


ammonia

An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.


An organic heterotricyclic compound that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one substituted at positions 8 and 9 respectively by 4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl and phenyl groups.


An organic heterobicyclic compound that is (1S,5R)-2-thiabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carrying oxo, oxo, amino, carboxy, and carboxy groups at positions 2, 2, 4S, 4S, and 6S, respectively. It is a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 mGluR3 (Ki = 149 nM and 92 nM, respectively) and exhibits antipsychotic and anxiolytic efficacy in animal models.


citicoline

A member of the class of  phosphocholines that is the chloine ester of CDP. It is an intermediate obtained in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes.


acadesine

A 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide in which the carboxamide group is situated at position 4 of the imidazole ring, which is further substituted at position 5 by an amino group. A purine nucleoside analogue and activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, it is  is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have cardioprotective effects.


cytisine

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking.


pipamperone

A member of the class of  bipiperidines that is 1,4'-bipiperidine which is substituted at the 1' and 4' positions by 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl and carboxamide groups, respectively. A first generation antipsychotic, its properties are generally similar to those of haloperidol.


vecuronium

A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


IONOMYCIN

A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.


eritoran

A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.


methimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.


domperidone

1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.


5H-Indeno(1,2-C)isoquinoline-9-sulfonamide, 6,11-dihydro-N-(3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl)-5-oxo-, methanesulfonate (1:1)


solabegron

A carboxybiphenyl that is [biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid carrying a (2-{[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino}ethyl)nitrilo group at the 3' position. A selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist currently in clinical development for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome.


ganglioside GM1

A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.


acetate

A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.


uracil

A common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription.


buprenorphine hydrochlorie

The hydrochloride salt of buprenorphine.


ROLAPITANT HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of rolapitant hydrochloride. Used for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy.


chlorphenesin carbamate

The carbamate ester of the primary hydroxy group of chlorphenesin. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


ATOMOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.


fosmidomycin

Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.


methyl aminolevulinate

The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.


CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE

The acetate salt of chlorhexidine. It is a disinfectant used for bacterial control in hospital, agricultural and domestic environments.


entecavir hydrate

The monohydrate form of entecavir. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, entecavir is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. It is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. Enteclavir is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.


MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the combination of equimolar amounts of midodrine and hydrogen chloride. Midodrine is a direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity. The hydrochloride salt is used as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.


cinaciguat

A benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.


fusidic acid

A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.


magnesium chloride

A magnesium salt comprising of two chlorine atoms bound to a magnesium atom.


inosine

A purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


PORPHOBILINOGEN DEAMINASE, RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROID ISOFORM


aminosalicylic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.


beclometasone dipropionate

A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.


vinflunine

An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the  tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.


cytidine

A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.


vatalanib

A member of the class of phthalazines that is phthalazine in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 4have been replaced by a p-chlorophenylamino group and a pyridin-4-ylmethyl group, respectively. It is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for all isoforms of VEGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit.


LEUKOTRIENE D4

A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).


rutoside

A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3H,8H)-dione substituted by (2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl, (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino, fluoro, and methyl groups at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8, respectively. It is a non-ATP competitive allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2.


timolol

The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


TRAMIPROSATE

An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.


unoprostone isopropyl

The isopropyl ester of unoprostone.


benzonatate

The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.


givinostat

A member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene substituted by ({[4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}oxy)methyl and (diethylamino)methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, respectively. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor indicated for individuals diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.


bendroflumethiazide

A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.


demeclocycline

Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.


1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.


cephalexin

A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.


ceftobiprole

A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).


abamectin

Mixture of 80% avermectin B1a and 20% avermectin B1b.


trichloroacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.


REMIFENTANIL HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of remifentanil.


VALPROATE SODIUM

The sodium salt of valproic acid.


brequinar

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.


TRH

A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.


suramin

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.


tauroursodeoxycholic acid

A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.


choline alfoscerate

A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.


ISAVUCONAZOLE

A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.


artesunate

An artemisinin derivative that is the hemisuccinate ester of the lactol resulting from the reduction of the lactone carbonyl group of artemisinin. It is used, generally as the sodium salt, for the treatment of malaria.


valproic acid

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.


ADP

A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.


orotic acid

A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.


paromomycin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.


daidzein

A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'.


cetoleic acid

A docosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 11.


bismuth subsalicylate

A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.


ornidazole

A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.


elbasvir

A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.


METHYLTHIOADENOSINE

Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.


lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM

The compound of monopotassium clorazepate with potassium hydroxide. It is used for the management of anxiety disorders, for the short-term relief of anxiety, as adjunctive therapy in the management of epilepsy, and for the symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal.


DIVALPROEX SODIUM

A mixture of valproic acid and its sodium salt in a 1:1 molar ratio. It is used for the management and treatment of seizure disorders, mania, and prophylactic treatment of migraine headache.


PYRIDOXAMINE

A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an aminomethyl group at position 4, a hydroxymethyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-aminomethyl form of vitamin B6, it is used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


sodium tungstate

An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.


telaprevir

An oligopeptide consisting of N-(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)cyclohexylalanyl, 3-methylvalyl, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1-carboxy, and 3-amino-N-cyclopropyl-2-oxohexanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.


orcein

A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.


OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining olodaterol with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for long-term treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.


potassium chloride

A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.


OZONE

An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.


rigosertib

An N-[2-methoxy-5-({[2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]sulfonyl}methyl)phenyl]glycine in which the double bond has E-configuration. It is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


ribose

Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature.


PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


docetaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.


enalapril

A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).


sodium chromate

An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.


propylene glycol

The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.


acetyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.


somatostatin

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys cyclised by a disulfide bridge between the two Cys residues at positions 3 and 14.


TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.


omacetaxine mepesuccinate

A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.


glycyrrhizin

A  triterpenoid saponin that is the  glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.


VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 1


trimetaphan

A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.


icosapent

A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


oxazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.


meglumine

A  hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.


ISOQUERCETIN

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.


tropisetron

An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.


guaiacol

A  monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.


kojic acid

A pyranone that is 4H-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae.


dexketoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.


zalcitabine

A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.


fosaprepitant

A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.


OLTIPRAZ

A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.


polysorbate 80

A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by an oleoyl group.


TRICAPRILIN

A triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by octanoic acid. Used as an alternative energy source to glucose for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.


nandrolone

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


N-palmitoylethanolamine

An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.


chlordiazepoxide

A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.


trimipramine

A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.


canagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound that is used (in its hemihydrate form) for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.


biotin

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins.


PHENETHYLISOTHIOCYANATE

An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.


ELESCLOMOL

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy groups of malonic acid with the hydrino groups of two molar equivalents of N-methylbenzenecarbothiohydrazide


cyclophosphamide

A phosphorodiamide that is 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide substituted by two 2-chloroethyl groups at the amino nitrogen atom.


FLUORODOPA

A non-proteinognic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-fluoro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl group.


NEOSAXITOXIN

A pyrrolopurine that is saxitoxin carrying a hydroxy substituent on the nitrogen atom at position 5. It is a sodium channel blocker that is undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic.


fructose

A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.


MARIZOMIB

A salinosporamide in which the core (1R)-6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione skeleton is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by (1S)-cyclohex-2-en-1-yl(hydroxy)methyl, 2-chloroethyl, and methyl groups, respectively (the 1R,4R,5S diastereoisomer). A potent proteasome inhibitor, it has attracted interest for potential use in the treatment of various cancers.