copper(II) sulfate

A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.


luteolin

A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers.


pyridoxine

A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.


pravastatin

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.


MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of mechlorethamine.


gadoterate meglumine

An organoammonium salt obtained by reaction of gadoteric acid with one equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol (meglumine). It is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues of patients ages 2 years and older, to detect and visualise areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system.


selisistat

A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole  which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.


lisofylline

A 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl)-3,7-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione that has (R)-configuration. A synthetic small molecule which was under development for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.


lactitol

A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.


A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.


ramipril

A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.


procainamide

A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group.  It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.


DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM

The potassium salt of diclofenac.


isoprenaline

A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.


TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of tiotropium bromide. Used for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


withaferin A

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


ESKETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of esketamine.


methyl salicylate

A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.


SODIUM BROMIDE

An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.


VR nerve agent

A organic thiophosphate that is the isobutyl ester of S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union.


daclatasvir

A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.


PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE 38


azilsartan medoxomil

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension.


crenolanib

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a 8-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)quinolin-2-yl group at position 1 and by a (3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of type III tyrosine kinases, PDGFRalpha/beta and FLT3 (IC50 of 11, 3.2, and 4 nM). Currently under clinical development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.


methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta


(NORTH)-METHANOCARBATHYMIDINE

A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 2-pro-S, 4-pro-S and 5-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.


A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.


sodium nitrite

An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.


SARS-COV-2 CN2 STRAIN .BETA.-PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED VACCINE ANTIGEN


etidronic acid

A  1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.


Choline C-11

A choline in which one of the methyl carbons is replaced by an (11)C isotope. An intravenous radioactive diagnostic agent used (in the form of its chloride salt) as a tracer during positron emission tomography scans to help detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer.


calcium chloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of calcium chloride.


L-α-methyldopa

A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.


THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


masitinib

A member of the class of benzamides that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. It is a highly selective oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor.


AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining amantadine and hydrochloric acid in equimolar amounts.


(+)-SECOISOLARICIRESINOL

An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.


FLECAINIDE ACETATE

An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).


ofatumumab

An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups.


A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.


acesulfame

A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.


tipifarnib

A quinolone that is 1-methylquinolin-2-one which carries a 3-chlorophenyl and an amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)methyl groups at the 4 and 6 positions, respectively (the R-isomer).


MARAVIROC

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. An antiretroviral drug, it prevents the interaction of HIV-1 gp120 and chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) necessary for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 to enter cells.


N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine

A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.


regorafenib hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of anhydrous regorafenib. Used for for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have previously received chemotherapy, anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy.


PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.


magnesium sulfate

A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.


bisphenol A

A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.


CARBIDOPA

The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.


doxofylline

An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.


tesamorelin

A polypeptide that is a synthetic analogue of human GRF (Growth Releasing Factor) comprised of the 44 amino-acid sequence of human GRF with a hex-3-enoyl moiety attached to the tyrosine residue at the N-terminal part of the molecule. It is used to stimulate human GRF receptors.


azosemide

A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.


creatine

A glycine derivative having methyl and amidino groups attached to the nitrogen.


FENTANYL CITRATE

The citric acid salt of fentanyl, comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and fentanyl. A mu-opioid receptor agonist, it is a potent opioid analgesic used in the management of labour pain, postoperative pain, and chronic intractable cancer pain. It is also widely used as the analgesic component of balanced anaesthesia.


aprocitentan

A member of the class of sulfamides in which one of the amino groups of sulfonamide is substituted by a 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl group. An active metabolite of macitentan (obtained by oxidative depropylation), an orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


agalsidase beta

A tartrate that is the hemitartrate salt of eliglustat. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.


aldehydo-D-glucosamine

The open-chain form of D-glucosamine.


norfloxacin

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.


DOXYCYCLINE

The monohydrate form of doxycycline. A semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic, it is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and adult periodontitis.


BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of benazepril with 1 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. It is used as a prodrug for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.


CAMPHOR

The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.


cefotaxime

A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.


thioridazine

A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.


naringin

A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


cilostazol

A lactam that is 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group.


benzyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.


choline

A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.


eptifibatide

A synthetic homodetic cyclic peptide comprising N(alpha)-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)homoarginyl, glycyl, aspartyl, tryptophyl, prolyl and cysteinamide residues connected in sequence and cyclised via a disulfide bond. Derived from a protein found in the venom of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarus barbouri, eptifibatide is an anti-coagulant that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively blocking the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, so preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive ligands. It is used in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures.


pimavanserin tartrate

A tartrate salt that is the hemitartrate salt of pimavanserin. An atypical antipsychotic that is used for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.


magnesium hydroxide

A magnesium hydroxide in which the magnesium atom is bound to two hydroxide groups.


LOXOPROFEN SODIUM

An organic sodium salt having loxoprofen(1-) as the counterion. The parent acid, loxoprofen, is a prodrug that is rapidly converted to its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.


tipiracil

A member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer.


sphingosine

A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.


phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.


The sesquihydrate of cyproheptadine hydrochloride. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate. A sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions, it is used for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.


entecavir

Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.


SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE

The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.


octanol

An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.


GLYCERYL TRIOLEATE

A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.


KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of ketamine.


TOFACITINIB CITRATE

A citrate salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of tofacitinib and citric acid. Used to treat moderately to severely active Rheumatoid Arthritis.


fluticasone propionate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.


A tripeptoid arising from cleavage of both rings of a penicillin derivative.


salicylic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.


THYMOQUINONE

A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.


cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


tedizolid phosphate

A  phosphate monoester resulting from the formal condensation of equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid with the hydroxy group of tedizolid . It is a prodrug of tedizolid, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.


droperidol

An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.


theobromine

A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.


octanoic acid

A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.


CEPHALEXIN

A hydrate of cephalexin consisting of equimolar amounts of hydrate and cephalexin.


mitoguazone

A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.


propyphenazone

A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group.


poziotinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by (3,4-dichloro-2-fluorophenyl)amino, [1-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy, and methoxy groups at positions 4, 6, and 7, respectively. It is a potent and irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR and HER2 with exon 20 insertion mutations.


L-alanine

The L-enantiomer of alanine.


sodium benzoate

An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.


DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.


ticlopidine

A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.


oxfendazole

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is fenbendazole in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfoxide.


fisetin

A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3' and 4'.


TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE

A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.


INTERMEDINE

A thirteen amino acid peptide hormone consisting of N-acetyl-L-Ser, L-Tyr, L-Ser, L-Met, L-Glu, L-His, L-Phe, L-Arg, L-Trp, Gly, L-Lys, L-Pro and L-valinamide units joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous melanocortin receptor agonist that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.


ISOFLAVONE

A simplest member of the class of isoflavones  that is 4H-chromen-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a phenyl group.


(R,R,S)-lobaplatin

The (R,R,S)-isomer of lobaplatin.


CEFAZOLIN SODIUM

A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.


kinetin

A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is  adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.


probucol

A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.


URSOLIC ACID

A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


sulfachlorpyridazine

A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.


balsalazide

A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.


ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR, HUMAN RECOMBINANT


TIMOLOL MALEATE

The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.


glycerol

A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.


aldehydo-D-mannose

The D-enantiomer of aldehydo-mannose.


moclobemide

A member of the class of  benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.


ALMOTRIPTAN MALATE

The malate salt of almotriptan.


probenecid

A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.


lucitanib

A naphthalenecarboxamide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of aminocyclopropyl)methoxy]-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl}oxy)-1-naphthoic acid with methylamine.


durlobactam

A member of the class of azabicycloalkanes that is (1R,2S,5R)-3-methyl-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene-2-carboxamide in which the amino hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a sulfooxy group.


hyoscyamine

An atropine with a 2S-configuration.


(3S,5R)-fluvastatin sodium

An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of (3S,5R)-fluvastatin by a sodium ion.


phenprocoumon

A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.


fasudil

An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.


epinastine

A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.


perflubron

A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.


bromhexine

A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATE

An organic sodium salt having tetradecyl sulfate as the counterion. Used in the treatment of small uncomplicated varicose veins of the lower extremities that show simple dilation with competent valves.


imipenem

A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.


CROMOLYN SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.


resveratrol

A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.


CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM

A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.


enalaprilat

Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.


cefadroxil

A cephalosporin bearing methyl and  (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


folinic acid

A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.


COCARBOXYLASE

A thiamine phosphate that is thiamine(1+) in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a diphosphate group. It is the active form of vitamin B1 and an essential cofactor for enzymes in key metabolic pathways.


eltanexor

A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by (1E)-3-amino-3-oxo-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a second-generation exportin 1 inhibitor that is currently in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients with higher relapsed/refractory myelodysplastic neoplasms.


vinorelbine

A vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton.


tideglusib

A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.


ONALESPIB

A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.


hydroxytyrosol

A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Isolated from Olea europaea, it exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.


famciclovir

2-Amino-9H-purine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl group. A prodrug of the antiviral penciclovir, it is used for the treatment of acute herpes zoster (shingles), for the treatment or suppression of recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent patients and for the treatment of recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in HIV infected patients.


TRIETHYL PHOSPHATE

A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of  phosphoric acid.


ferric pyrophosphate

An iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio.


DIFLOMOTECAN

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is (5R)-8-[(6,7-difluoroquinolin-3-yl)methyl]-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-1,4,5,8-tetrahydrooxepino[3,4-c]pyridine-3,9-dione in which position 7 of the oxepinopyridine moiety is joined to position 3 of the difluoroquinoine ring by a single bond. An E-ring modified camptothecin analogue that has greater lactone stability in plasma compared with other topoisomerase I inhibitors.


histrelin acetate

An acetate salt obtained by combining histrelin with acetic acid. The amount of acetic acid present can vary and a variable amount of water may be present. Histrelin acetate is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.


manganese chloride

A hydrate that is the tetrahydrate form of manganese(II) chloride.


DICLOFENAC SODIUM

The sodium salt of diclofenac.


butorphanol

Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.


gadoteric acid

A gadolinium coordination entity consisting of DOTA in which the four amino groups are bound to a central gadolinium atom. It is used (as its meglumine salt) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues of patients ages 2 years and older, to detect and visualise areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system.


HISTAMINE PHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.


transfluthrin

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol.


cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


abediterol

A quinolone that is 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one which carries a 2-{[6-(2,2-difluoro-2-phenylethoxy)hexyl]amino}-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 5. It is a long acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonist currently in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.


bifonazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of dorzolamide. It is used in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.


tocopherol

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.


tigilanol tiglate

A diterpenoid natural product isolated from the kernels of the Australian blushwood tree (Fontainea picrosperma). It is approved as a veterinary pharmaceutical for the treatment of non-metastatic and non-resectable canine mast cell tumours.


1H-1,4-Diazepinium, 1,1-diethylhexahydro-4-phenyl-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1:1)


sodium gluconate

An organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion.


TRICYCLAZOLE

A triazolobenzothiazole that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole which is substituted at position 5 by a methyl group. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


paliperidone palmitate

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.


BUTENAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of butenafine. An inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, it is used for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


The meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol.


OSIMERTINIB MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt prepared from equimolar amounts of osimertinib and methanesulfonic acid. It is used for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.


m-chlorophenylpiperazine

A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.


SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of sapropterin. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of variant forms of phenylketonuria (hyperphenylalaninaemia) associated with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Natural cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthetase.


MUPIROCIN CALCIUM

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of mupirocin calcium. It is an antibacterial drug used for the treatment of skin infections such as impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


magnesium citrate

A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio.


mescaline

A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.


levofloxacin

An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.


radium Ra 223 dichloride

A radium molecular entity with formula (223)RaCl2. Used as as a radiotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral metastatic disease. An alpha-emitter, radium-223 has a half-life of 11.4 days.


quinapril

A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


An optically active form of 4-hydroxyproline having L-trans-configuration.


rimonabant

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation.


trifluridine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.


aceclofenac

A monocarboxylic acid that is the carboxymethyl ester of diclofenac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug related to diclofenac, it is used in the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.


OXICONAZOLE NITRATE

An organic nitrate salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of oxiconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.


SODIUM CITRATE

The trisodium salt of citric acid.


potassium nitrate

The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.


dactolisib

An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.


LEVULINIC ACID

An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.


SODIUM ASCORBATE

An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion.


tributyrin

A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.


BEVIRIMAT

A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.


hyaluronic acid

A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells.


pevonedistat

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.


(+)-CALANOLIDE A

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10R,11S,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.


proguanil

A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.


cefpirome

A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


fluphenazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.


NONIVAMIDE

A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.


INVAC-1, A DOUBLE STRANDED DNA PLASMID VACCINE CONSTRUCT ENCODING UBIQUITIN-HUMAN TELOMERASE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE (HTERT) FUSION PROTEIN


teprenone

A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).


ESMETHADONE

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


coenzyme A

A thiol comprising a panthothenate unit in phosphoric anhydride linkage with a 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate unit; and an aminoethanethiol unit.


lycopene

An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits.


DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of dabigatran etexilate with one equivalent of dabigatran etexilate. A prodrug for dabigatran, a thrombin inhibitor and anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


aminoguanidine

A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.


HUMAN NATURAL KILLER CELL LINE NK-92 (CD16.158V, ER IL2) CELLS


tazobactam

A member of the class of penicillanic acids that is sulbactam in which one of the exocyclic methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl group; used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftolozane sulfate for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated urinary tract infections.


perflubutane

A fluorocarbon that is butane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. Microbubbles of preflubutane are used in the ultrasound contrast agent BR14.


FASUDIL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of fasudil with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


calcium gluconate

The calcium salt of D-gluconic acid.


cinnamaldehyde

The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.


AMINOHIPPURATE SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of p-aminohippuric acid.


squaric acid

A carbon oxoacid that consists of 1,2-diketocyclobut-3-ene bearing two enolic hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4.


PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM

A barbiturate that is the sodium salt of phenobarbital (barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups).


PIDOLIC ACID

An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.


EPOTHILONE D

An epithilone that is epithilone C in which the hydrogen at position 13 of the oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione macrocycle has been replaced by a methyl group.


calcifediol

A hydroxycalciol that is calciol in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A prehormone resulting from the oxidation of calciol in the liver, it is further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3.


phenazone

A  pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.


XANTHOHUMOL

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.


trospium

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hydroxy(diphenyl)acetic acid with the hydroxy group of (1S,3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-8lambda(5)-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8,1'-pyrrolidin]-8-ylium. Its chloride salt is used to treat overactive bladder.


gentamicin

Any of a group of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by fermentation of some Micromonospora spp.


TAGATOSE

The straight-chain keto form of D-tagatose.


dihydroxyacetone phosphate

A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.


nitrate

A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.


clemizole

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.


DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.


METHYLINOSITOL

The D-enantiomer of pinitol.


PERINDOPRIL ARGININE

An organoammonium salt obtained by combining perindopril with one molar equivalent of L-arginine.


megestrol acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of megestrol with the carboxy group of acetic acid. It is an appetite stimulant used for the treatment of anorexia and cachexia. Also used for birth control and for the treatment of breast cancer.


buspirone

An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.


florbetaben

A member of the class of stilbenoids in which the para-hydrogens of stilbene are replaced by methylamino and 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy) groups. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease.


riboflavin

D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.


mefloquine

A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


disulfiram

An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid.  A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties.


sodium lactate

An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.


VACCINIA VIRUS MODIFIED STRAIN ANKARA-BAVARIAN NORDIC NON-REPLICATING ANTIGEN


METHYLSELENOCYSTEINE

An L-alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain.


neflamapimod

A member of the class of pyrimidopyridazines that is 6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one substituted at positions 2 and 5 by (2,4-difluorophenyl)sulfanyl and 2,6-dichlorophenyl groups respectively


desirudin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients to prevent venous thromboembolism. Its amino acid sequence differs from natural hirudin by lack of sulfate group on Tyr-63.


caffeic acid

The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.


brivanib alinate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the hydroxy group of brivanib. It is a prodrug of brivanib (BMS-540215), a potent oral dual inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1 (IC50 of 25 nM and 148 nM, respectively) and was in development for the treatment of hepatocellular and colon carcinomas.


GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A 2'-deoxycytidine hydrochloriode having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine hydrochloride is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.


benzocaine

A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.


chlorpromazine

A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.


TRIAPINE

Triapine is a synthetic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with potential antineoplastic activity. Triapine inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, resulting in the inhibition of the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleotides necessary for DNA synthesis. This agent has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in vitro.


EMETINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.


malathion

A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.


adefovir dipivoxil

An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.


piperine

A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.


lonidamine

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.


TEMPOL

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


pyrrolizidine

A bicyclic organonitrogen heterocyclic compound comprised of two ortho-fused pyrrolidine rings which share a common nitrogen atom.


spermidine

A triamine that is the 1,5,10-triaza derivative of decane.


dithranol

An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.


VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of vilazodone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


benazepril

A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.


ORTERONEL

A member of the class of pyrroloimidazoles that is 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole substituted by hydroxy and 6-(methylcarbamoyl)naphthalen-2-yl groups at position 7 (the 7S-stereoisomer). It is a non-steroidal 17,20-lyase inhibitor that suppresses androgen synthesis. It was previously in clinical development for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer -- trial now discontinued.


PATUPILONE

An epithilone that is epithilone D in which the double bond in the macrocyclic ring has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the S,S stereoisomer).


β-guanidinopropionic acid

A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels


ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the bromide salt of aclidinium. A muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor antagonist, for the long-term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


alfacalcidol

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the hydrogen at the 1alpha position is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is an active metabolite of cholecalciferol, which performs important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism.


UTP

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of sertraline and hydrogen chloride. A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.


cisapride

The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.


codeine

A  morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of esmolol.  A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery.


LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrate form of lidocaine hydrochloride.


doxifluridine

A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an  oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.


AFATINIB DIMALEATE

A maleate salt obtained by combining afatinib with two molar equivalents of maleic acid. Used for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.


naproxcinod

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of naproxen with the hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. A cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator that is metabolised to naproxen and a nitric oxide donating moiety, effective in treatment of osteoarthritis.


cortisone

A C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 17 and 21 and oxo group at positions 3, 11 and 20.


PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE

An organosulfonate salt obtained by reaction of pentamidine with two equivalents of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid.


AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 5-aminolevulinic acid. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.


fludrocortisone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.


nimesulide

An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.


L-NAME

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine.


LIGUSTRAZINE

A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum  wallichii).


isoniazid

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine.


XALIPRODEN

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.


(S)-ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate

The monohydrate form of (S)-ropivacaine hydrochloride.


lumiracoxib

An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.


aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

The open-chain form of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


flomoxef

A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.


methyltestosterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.


salsalate

A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.


DEFEROXAMINE MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.


thymidine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase.


xylitol

A pentitol (five-carbon sugar alcohol) having meso-configuration, being derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.


isavuconazonium

An organic cation that is the cationic portion of isavuconazonium sulfate (a prodrug for isavuconazole, an antifungal agent used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis).


dezocine

(7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.


ORITAVANCIN DIPHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt obtained by combining oritavancin with two molar equivalents of phosphoric acid. Used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms.


lipoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.


ICARIIN

A member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4', and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, it is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo).


nepicastat

A member of the class of 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 5,7-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl group while the carbon adjacent to it is substituted by an aminomethyl group (the S enantiomer). It is a potent and selective inhibitor of both bovine and human dopamine beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine.


DIPYRONE SODIUM

An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.


latamoxef

A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.


MICONAZOLE NITRATE

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.


METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.


nystatin

A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.


DIPHENOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.


demethoxycurcumin

A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior.


SAPACITABINE

A nucleoside analogue resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the amino group of CNDAC. It is the prodrug of CNDAC and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).


tenofovir

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.


CIMICOXIB

An imidazole substituted at positions 1, 4 and 5 by 4-aminosulfonylphenyl, chloro and 3-fluoro-4-methyoxyphenyl groups respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.


MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of midazolam.


A pyrrolotriazine that is pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine which is substituted at position 2 by the pyrrolidine nitrogen of (2S)-N-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methylprolinamide, and at position 4 by a (5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino group. It is a potent, reversible inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/insulin receptor family kinases.


ergometrine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that  is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.


copanlisib

An imidazoquinazoline that is 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline substituted by (2-aminopyrimidine-5-carbonyl)amino, methoxy, and 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 8, respectively. It is a intravenous pan-class I PI3K inhibitor used for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma in patients who have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies.


thioguanine

A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.


indisulam

A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development.


pentetrazol

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.


fosamprenavir

A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.


beta-L-fructofuranose

A L-fructofuranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


rocuronium

A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.


etoricoxib

A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridine which is substituted at the 3, 5, and 6' positions by 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl, chlorine, and methyl groups, respectively.


sulfur hexafluoride

A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).


dimethyltryptamine

A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.


MYCOPHENOLATE SODIUM

An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of mycophenolic acid. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.


zolpidem tartrate

The hemitartrate salt of zolpidem.


granisetron

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.


LAVOLTIDINE

A triazole that consists of 1,2,4-triazole bearing a methyl substituent at position 1, a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 3 and a {3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}amino group at position 5. A highly potent and selective H2-receptor antagonist.


alendronate

A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.


aldehydo-D-galactose

An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose.


betahistine

An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.


cycloastragenol

A sapogenin that is the aglycone derivative of astragaloside IV, a major saponin extracted from the root of Astragalus membranaceus.


roxadustat

An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).


ergoloid mesylates

A mixture of hydrogenated ergot alkaloids consisting of the methanesulfonic acid salts of dihydroergocornine (R = CHMe2), dihydroergocristine (R = CH2Ph), and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine (R = CH2CHMe2 and CH(Me)Et, respectively). It is used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate dementia in the elderly, although its value is not established.


O-CHLOROACETYLCARBAMOYLFUMAGILLOL

A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.


dasatinib

An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).


indigo carmine

A member of the class of indolones obtained by formal 2,2'-oxidative coupling of two molecules of 3-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole-5-sulfonic acids.


aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine

An N-acetylmannosamine in open-chain aldehyde form with D-configuration.


EMIVIRINE

A pyrimidone that is uracil which is substituted at positions 1, 5 and 6 by ethoxymethyl, isopropyl, and benzyl groups, respectively. A non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, emivirine was an unsuccessful experimental agent for the treatment of HIV.


tyramine

A primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine.


desmopressin acetate trihydrate

The trihydrate of the acetic acid salt of desmopressin. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.


RECOMBINANT HUMAN LECITHIN:CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE


citric acid

A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.


LICARBAZEPINE

A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, reduced across the C-10,11 positions and carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen and a hydroxy function at C-10. A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects, it is related to oxcarbazepine and is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine.


PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.


COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cocaine. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse.


triacetin

A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.


lufotrelvir

An indolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of N-[(2S)-3-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-4-(phosphonooxy)butan-2-yl]-L-leucinamide. It is the phosphate prodrug of PF-00835231, an anticoronaviral agent.


talarozole

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-[2-ethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butyl]phenyl group.


navitoclax

A N-sulfonylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{4-[(4'-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro[biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-{[(2R)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzenesulfonamide. It is a BH3-mimetic drug which targets the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Currently under clinical investigation as treatment for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.


polydatin

A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


CAMPTOTHECIN

A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 14, and by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at position 4 (the S enantiomer).


clenbuterol

A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.


hydroquinone

A benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other.


colistimethate sodium

A mixture where R = H or Me. Colistin in which each of the primary amino groups is converted to the corresponding aminomethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, commonly by the action of formaldehyde followed by sodium bisulfite. A polymyxin antibiotic derivative, it is used in the treatment of severe infections, particularly of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.


4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-((3-(4-(2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl)propyl)thio)-, (2E)-2-butenedioate, hydrate (1:1:2)


DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.


cefixime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.


bambuterol

A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


A member of the class of quinolines that is 7-methoxyquinoline substituted at position 4 by a (6-phenyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl)methoxy group. AMG exhibits antitumour activity, particularly in prostate cancer.


idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


lepirudin

A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.


streptomycin

A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class


calcium glycerylphosphate

An organic calcium salt having glycerol 2-phosphate(2-) as the counterion.


perindopril

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline


tacrolimus

A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.


plitidepsin

A didemnin that is didemin B in which the hydroxy group of the 1-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-L-prolinamide moiety has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. It was originally isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans.


aminohippuric acid

An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.


calcium acetate

The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.


ISONICOTINIC ACID

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.


BENFOTIAMINE

A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation.


bezafibrate

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid. Benafibrate is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.


An anabolic steroid that differs from testosterone by having a 1,2-double bond instead of a 4,5-double bond in its A ring. A potent androgen with anabolic properties, it was legally sold as a prohormone in the U.S.A. until 2005, when it was reclassified as a Schedule III drug.


molnupiravir

A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.


trazodone

An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.


BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of bromhexine and hydrogen chloride. It is used as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


ulipristal acetate

A 20-oxo steroid obtained by acetylation of the 17-hydroxy group of (11beta,17alpha)-17-acetyl-11-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17-ol (ulipristal). A selective progesterone receptor modulator, which is employed as an emergency  contraceptive.


zilucoplan

A 15 amino-acid, synthetic macrocyclic peptide with formula C172H278N24O55. Its sodium salt is used for the treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis (a disease that leads to muscle weakness and tiredness) in adults whose immune system produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors.


SODIUM SULFIDE

A sulfide salt with formula Na2S. The pentahydrate and  (particularly) the nonahydrate are also known. In gel form, sodium sulfide is used to soften toenails to assist in trimming (and so relive pain) of ingrowing toenails.


prochlorperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


FLUCICLOVINE

A member of the class of cyclobutanes that is cyclobutane which carries a carboxy, amino and fluoro groups at positions 1, 1 and 3, respectively (the 1r,3r-stereoisomer).


meropenem

A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.


pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


biapenem

A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.


ELIPRODIL

A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.


An organobromine compound that consists of pentanedinitrile bearing bromo and bromomethyl substituents at position 2.


emodepside

A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of  D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.


ASPARTAME

A dipeptide zwitterion resulting from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of aspartame; major species at pH 7.3.


tenoxicam

A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine.  Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.


phenoxymethylpenicillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.


NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.


colistin

A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


sarcosine

A N-alkylglycine that is the N-methyl derivative of glycine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of glycine.


ARFOLITIXORIN

The (6R)-stereoisomer of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid.


puerarin

A hydroxyisoflavone that is  isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage.


docosahexaenoic acid

A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.


flavin adenine dinucleotide

A flavin adenine dinucleotide in which the substituent at position 10 of the flavin nucleus is a 5'-adenosyldiphosphoribityl group.


methylthioninium chloride

An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'.


tovorafenib

A 1,3-thiazolecarboxamide that is 2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the amino group of 5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine and in which the amino group undergoes formal condensation with the carboxy group of 6-amino-5-chloropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid. It is a pan-RAF kinase inhibitor which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of radiographically recurrent or progressive low-grade glioma in children and young adults.


L-cysteine hydrochloride hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of L-cysteine hydrochloride.