oral cavity carcinoma

A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.


oropharyngeal carcinoma

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Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the oropharynx.


rectal carcinoma

A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.


parasympathetic nervous system disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the parasympathetic nervous system.


scrotal disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the scrotum.


cholesterol metabolism disease

A disease that has its basis in the disruption of cholesterol metabolic process.


cancer-related condition

A disorder either associated with an increased risk for malignant transformation (e.g., intraepithelial neoplasia, leukoplakia, dysplastic nevus, myelodysplastic syndrome) or that develops as a result of the presence of an existing malignant neoplasm (e.g., paraneoplastic syndrome).


grade II meningioma

An atypical meningioma which may recur in approximately 29-40% of the cases. This category includes the atypical meningioma, chordoid meningioma, and clear cell meningioma.


delirium

A disorder characterized by confusion; inattentiveness; disorientation; illusions; hallucinations; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)


ACTH-producing pituitary gland neoplasm

An adenoma or carcinoma of the pituitary gland that produces corticotropin.


minor salivary gland carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the minor salivary glands. Representative examples include adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma.


meconium ileus

Small intestinal obstruction that results from the impaction of thick meconium in the distal small intestine.


hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma

Prostate carcinoma that does not respond to hormone therapy.


nasal cavity and paranasal sinus carcinoma

A carcinoma arising from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements


mast cell activation syndrome

A clinically defined disease states with a largely unknown morphological background. Acute mast cell activation (MCA) is commonly seen in allergic reactions and often leads to the clinical signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Severe or even life‐threatening MCA may occur when the burden of mast cells is high and/or these cells are in an hyperactivated state. Mastocytosis may be associated with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS).


tendinopathy

Disorders that are causes by overuse of tendons.


pityriasis rubra pilaris

A group of skin conditions that cause constant inflammation and scaling of the skin. People with PRP have reddish, scaly patches that may occur everywhere on the body, or only on certain areas. Some people with PRP also develop thickened skin on the underside of the hands and feet (palmoplantar keratoderma), various nail abnormalities, and/or thinning of the hair. There are several types of PRP classified by age when symptoms begin, body areas involved, and whether other conditions are present. This condition occurs in adults (adult onset PRP) as well as children (juvenile onset PRP).


CDKL5 disorder

A monogenic disease that has material basis in mutation in the CDKL5 gene.


cardiac conduction defect

The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset).


anaphylaxis

An acute hypersensitivity reaction that occurs from exposure to an allergen. It results from the release of histamine and histamine-like substances from mast cells, and can present with breathing difficulty due to narrowed airways, dizziness and hypotension, skin rash, weak pulse, nausea and vomiting.


developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

A complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a range of developmental delays and epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes. Seizure onset is variable and intellectual disability is variable in presence and severity.


methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infectious disease

Infections caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of the antibiotic, methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins.


juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

A scoliosis with no known cause arising in a juvenile.


resistant hypertension

A severe medical condition which is estimated to appear in 9-18% of hypertensive patients, in which treatment with 3 or more antihypertensive drugs including diuretics are ineffective.


sleep disorder

A change from the patient's baseline sleeping pattern, in the hours slept and/or an alteration/dysfunction in the stages of sleep.


familial Alzheimer disease

A degenerative disease of the brain that causes gradual loss of memory, judgment, and the ability to function socially. About 25% of all Alzheimer disease is familial (more than 2 people in a family have AD). When Alzheimer disease begins before 60 or 65 years of age (early-onset AD) about 60% of the cases are familial (also known as Early-onset familial AD). These cases appear to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.


cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

A syndrome of cyclic vomiting associated with cannabis use. Fourteen diagnostic characteristics have been identified, and the frequency of major characteristics is as follows: history of regular cannabis for any duration of time (100%), cyclic nausea and vomiting (100%), resolution of symptoms after stopping cannabis (96.8%), compulsive hot baths with symptom relief (92.3%), male predominance (72.9%), abdominal pain (85.1%), and at least weekly cannabis use (97.4%). Supportive care with intravenous fluids, dopamine antagonists, topical capsaicin cream, and avoidance of narcotic medications has shown some benefit in the acute setting. Cannabis cessation appears to be the best treatment.


A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction

A syndrome characterized by the inability to belch, abdominal bloating and discomfort/nausea, or chest pain, especially after eating, socially awkward gurgling noises from the chest and lower neck as though the esophagus is churning and straining to eject the air, excessive flatulence, social inhibition, and difficulty vomiting (common but not universal). Botulinum toxin (BT) injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is done for both diagnosis and treatment of R-CPD.


dry age related macular degeneration

Dry age related macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of age-related deposits called drusen and atrophy.


hereditary skin disorder

An instance of skin disease that is caused by a modification of the individual's genome.


vector-borne disease

An infectious disease where a pathogen is carried and transmitted by another organism that acts as disease vector.


coinfection

The simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species.


adult acute respiratory distress syndrome

A very severe form of acute pulmonary failure secondary to capillary permeability impairment. The symptoms include dyspnea, hypotension and multivisceral failure. The disease is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia due to increased alveolar-capillary permeability. The severity depends on the degree of alveolar epithelial injury, with a mortality rate of 30-50%.


pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndromet that occurs in pediatric patients and includes findings of new infiltrates (unilateral or bilateral) consistent with acute parenchymal disease, edema not fully explained by fluid overload or cardiac failure, and may present as new acute lung disease in setting of chronic lung disease and/or heart disease, and perinatal lung disease is excluded.


mitochondrial complex I deficiency

A type of mitochondrial disease charcterized by macrocephaly (large head) with progressive leukodystrophy, encephalopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. The disease is caused by mutations in any of many genes and the inheritance pattern depends on the responsible gene.


Dravet syndrome

Dravet syndrome is a channelopathy with epilepsy of with onset during the first year of life, typically 4-5 months, characterized by status epilepticus and a variety of drug-resistant seizures often induced by fever, presenting in previously healthy children, and which frequently leads to cognitive and motor impairment. Dravet differs from other channelopathies usually due to a mutation in SCN1A.


telomere syndrome

Accelerated aging syndromes often caused by inheritable gene mutations resulting in decreased telomere lengths.


nephropathic cystinosis

An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the CTNS gene, encoding cystinosin. It is a sub-type of cystinosis, in which accumulation of cystine in the kidney results in renal dysfunction.


COVID-19–associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

A inflammatory syndrome in children infected by the SARS-CoV-2 with similarities to Kawasaki disease. Clinical manifestations range from fever and inflammation to myocardial injury, shock, and development of coronary artery aneurysms.


immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

An inflammatory condition that arises after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) therapy in HIV-infected patients that results from restored immunity to specific infectious or non-infectious antigens.


opioid-induced constipation

A constipation disorder caused by use of opioids. OIC may present immediately when a patient takes the opioid, or it may present gradually during opioid therapy.


gastric intestinal metaplasia

Metaplastic changes in the lining of the upper digestive tract.


liver failure

A liver disease characterized by the liver losing or has lost all of its function.


chronic liver failure

Liver failure that develops slowly and gradually for some time, possibly for years, often as the result of cirrhosis, or malnutrition.


paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation

A rare, genetic, cardiac rhythm disease characterized by ventricular fibrillation in the absence of any structural or functional heart disease, or known repolarization abnormalities. The presence of J waves is associated with a higher risk of nocturnal ventricular fibrillation events and a higher risk of recurrence.


paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by corpuscular hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure and frequent thrombotic events.


Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia in a patient who has at least one first degree relative with either Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia or another B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.


respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

Bronciolitis caused by infection with respiratory syncytial virus.


early T cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

T acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which the blasts have unique immunophenotypic and genetic characteristics suggesting only limited early T-cell differentiation.


hereditary ataxia

An instance of an atactic disorder that is caused by an inherited genomic modification in an individual.


focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A renal disorder characterized by sclerotic lesions in the glomeruli. Causes include drugs, viruses, and malignancies (lymphomas), or it may be idiopathic. It presents with asymptomatic proteinuria or nephritic syndrome and it may lead to renal failure.


post-COVID-19 disorder

A SARS-CoV-2-related disease that is caused by infection by SARS-CoV-2, and manifests after the original primary infection.


primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis without identifiable etiology. Primary (idiopathic) FSGS has been associated with the presence of circulating permeability factors/cytokines, which cause foot process effacement and proteinuria.


Friedreich ataxia

An inherited condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems. People with this condition develop impaired muscle coordination (ataxia) that worsens over time. Other features include the gradual loss of strength and sensation in the arms and legs, muscle stiffness (spasticity), and impaired speech. Many individuals have a form of heart disease called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some develop diabetes, impaired vision, hearing loss, or an abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis). Most people with Friedreich ataxia begin to experience the signs and symptoms around puberty.


Friedreich ataxia 1

Any Friedreich ataxia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FXN gene.


malignant glioma

A grade III or grade IV glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.


lactose intolerance

Inability to fully digest and absorb lactose due to limited or no lactase activity in the small intestine.  Congenital intolerance is inherited following an autosomal recessive pattern but is rare. It is more often due to a gradual decline of lactase production in adulthood following the ingestion of fewer lactose-containing foods or secondary to an intestinal mucosal brush-border injury. Prevalence is highest among Asians, Native Americans and Africans. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea following the dietary intake of lactose.


carcinoid syndrome

A syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms caused by advanced carcinoid tumors. They include skin flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, and tachycardia.


acute hepatitis C virus infection

A new infection by the hepatitis C virus, which can be detected in blood. Signs and symptoms may include right upper quadrant abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, white stools and nausea. Approximately 15%-25% individuals clear the virus from their bodies without treatment. 75%-85% individuals develop chronic hepatitis C. There are possible treatments depending on individual characteristics.


acute myeloid leukemia, inv(16)(p13.1;q22)

Any acute myeloid leukemia that has the chromosomal anomaly inv(16)(p13.1;q22). (A chromosomal inversion that involves chromosome 16. It is associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia CBFB-MYH11, acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils, and granulocytic sarcoma.)


acute myeloid leukemia, t(v;11q23.3)

Any acute myeloid leukemia that has the chromosomal anomaly t(v;11q23.3). (A chromosomal abnormality consisting of the translocation of genetic material from any one of several chromosomes to the 11q23.3 region, resulting in an MLL gene rearrangement.)


intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

A cholestatic disorder characterized by (i) pruritus with onset in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, (ii) elevated serum aminotransferases and bile acid levels, and (iii) spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within two to three weeks after delivery.


migraine without aura

A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that occur in the absence of preceding focal neurological symptoms.


azoospermia

A male infertility disease characterized by the absence of any measurable level of sperm in semen.


acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

An autosomal recessive lysosomal disease caused by biallelic loss of function variants in the SMPD1 gene. Clinical symptoms in affected individuals occur along a continuum. At the severe end of the spectrum are individuals historically diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type A (the neurovisceral form), which is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly with rapid neurological deterioration leading to death in the first few years of life. At the milder end of the spectrum are individuals historically diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type B, a later-onset, chronic visceral form, characterized by progressive visceral organ symptoms including hepatosplenomegaly and pulmonary insufficiency, and survival into adulthood. In addition, some affected individuals present with an intermediate phenotype, Niemann-Pick disease type A/B.


reactive airway disease

Coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath that is triggered by allergens, infection, or other irritants.


vitamin D deficiency

Abnormally low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood.


rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis

A form of drug-resistant tuberculosis that is resisant to rifampicin with or without resistance to other antitubercular medications.


extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

A type of drug-resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three second-line injectable drugs (capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin), in addition to resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid.


adult acne

Acne that occurs in an adult.


generalized pustular psoriasis

A rare and extreme form of psoriasis characterized by the appearance of sterile pustules which can take many patterns. All the main pathological features of the disease are accentuated. Generalized pustular psoriasis is clinically heterogeneous in its age at onset, precipitants, severity, and natural history. Many overlapping clinical entities are recognized. There is a relationship between these entities and plaque psoriasis, as some individuals may have episodes of plaque psoriasis preceding or following the generalized pustular psoriasis, but in others generalized pustular psoriasis occurs as the sole phenotype without plaque psoriasis at any time.


sudden cardiac arrest

The sudden loss of all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm.


hemorrhage, intracerebral, susceptibility to

An inherited susceptibility or predisposition to developing intracerebral hemorrhage.


focal nodular hyperplasia

A benign tumor of the liver, characterized by hyperplastic growth of hepatocytes and a central fibrovascular scar.


small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

The presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine that can result from result from failure of the gastric acid barrier, failure of small intestinal motility, anatomic alterations, or impairment of systemic and local immunity.


cytokine release syndrome

A syndrome that occurs after therapeutic infusion of antibodies into the blood and is characterized by nausea, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, and shortness of breath. It is caused by the release of cytokines from the cells that are targeted by the antibodies. Most patients experience a mild to moderate reaction; however, the reaction may be severe and life-threatening.


idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

Idiopathic form of inflammatory myopathy.


hydrosalpinx

Fluid accumulation and dilatation of the fallopian tube due to tubal blockage.


restrictive pulmonary disease

Decreased lung volume and inadequate ventilation due to parenchymal lung disorders (e.g., interstitial pulmonary fibrosis) or extrapulmonary disorders (e.g., scoliosis). Patients present with shortness of breath and cough.


B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(1;19)(q23;p13.3); E2A-PBX1 (TCF3-PBX1)

A B-cell acute leukemia characterized by the presence of lymphoblasts that carry a translocation between the E2A gene on chromosome 19 and the PBX1 gene on chromosome 1. It occurs in children and less often in adults.


baclofen withdrawal syndrome

Withdrawal syndrome involving the abrupt discontinuation of baclofen therapy (intrathecal or oral). Baclofen withdrawal syndrome can result in high fever, altered mental status (including agitation, insomnia, confusion, delusions, hallucinations, seizures, visual changes, or psychosis), and potentially profound muscular rigidity that sometimes progresses to fatal rhabdomyolysis.


hand-foot syndrome

A condition characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and tingling in the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. It may appear as a side effect to chemotherapy agents.


liver abscess (disease)

An abscess that involves the liver.


Morton neuroma

Compressive neuropathy of the forefoot interdigital nerve chiefly due to compression and irritation at the plantar aspect of the transverse intermetatarsal ligament. It is not a true neuroma as the condition is degenerative rather than neoplastic. The most common location for Morton neuroma is between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals.


aneuploidy

Chromosomal disorder consisting of the presence a chromosomal abnormality in which there is an addition or loss of chromosomes within a set.


hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

A breast carcinoma which is positive for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and is negative for expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).


newborn respiratory distress syndrome

A condition beginning in the first day of life that results from inadequate surfactant production, causing increased work of breathing and impaired gas exchange.


neurodevelopmental disorder

A behavioral and cognitive disorder with onset during the developmental period that involves impaired or aberrant development of intellectual, motor, or social functions.


proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.


trisomy 21

A chromosomal disorder consisting of the presence of an extra chromosome 21.


constitutional delay of growth and puberty

Transient state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with prolongation of childhood phase of growth, delayed skeletal maturation, delayed and attenuated pubertal growth spurt, and relatively low insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion.


neonatal sepsis

Bacterial infection in the bloodstream of newborn infants younger than 28 days old.


group B streptococcal infection

A disease caused by infection with Group B Streptococcus.


neoplastic meningitis

Metastatic neoplasm in which the tumor cells spread to leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid) and subarachnoid space. The most common primary tumors metastasizing to the leptomeninges are breast and lung carcinomas, melanoma, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia.


food allergy

Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.


interstitial lung disease 2

A nonneoplastic pulmonary disease that is characterized by the formation of scar tissue within the lungs in the absence of any known cause.


catatonia

A psychiatric disorder featuring stupor, posturing, and echophenomena.


disruptive behavior disorder

A mental disorder that includes conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Features may include frequent aggression, deceitfulness, and defiance, and often persist through the lifespan.


non-atopic asthma

A type of asthma that isn't related to an allergy trigger like pollen or dust, and is less common than atopic asthma.


necrotizing vasculitis

A type of vasculitis that is comprised of vasculitides that present with necrosis.


pulmonary hypoplasia

A respiratory malformation characterized by the presence of both bronchi (albeit rudimentary) and alveoli in an under-developed lobe. Both the size and the weight of the lung are reduced. The true prevalence is not well known (1.4% of all births according to Knox et al. 13), but in cases of premature rupture of membranes at 15-28 weeks gestation, the reported prevalence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 to 28%. Factors that contribute to pulmonary hypoplasia include adequate volume of the thoracic cavity, pulmonary fluid dynamics, and abnormal fetal breathing movements.


cardiogenic shock

A rare, cardiac condition characterized by severely decreased cardiac output, hypoperfusion and end-organ dysfunction, in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. The clinical presentation is variable and may range from subtle hemodynamic alterations to overt cardiovascular collapse. Commonly reported features include dyspnea, crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, altered mental state, abnormal pulse pressure, oliguria, cold extremities, and increased serum lactate levels.


black widow spider envenomation

Local and/or systemic toxicity resulting from a bite from a black widow spider (Latrodectus species).


periprosthetic joint infection

A bacterial infection of the joint that is a complication occurring in 1% to 2% of primary arthroplasties.


carbon monoxide poisoning

A poisoning that is caused by exposure to carbon monoxide.


iron poisoning

A heavy metal poisoning that is caused by exposure to iron. Iron toxicity is classified as corrosive or cellular. Ingested iron can cause direct caustic injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.


organophosphate poisoning

A poisoning that is caused by exposure to organophosphate.


leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter

A new leukoencephalopathy, the CACH syndrome (Childhood Ataxia with Central nervous system Hypomyelination) or VWM (Vanishing White Matter) was identified on clinical and MRI criteria. Classically, this disease is characterized by (1) an onset between 2 and 5 years of age, with a cerebello-spastic syndrome exacerbated by episodes of fever or head trauma leading to death after 5 to 10 years of disease evolution, (2) a diffuse involvement of the white matter on cerebral MRI with a CSF-like signal intensity (cavitation), (3) a recessive autosomal mode of inheritance, (4) neuropathologic findings consistent with a cavitating orthochromatic leukodystrophy with increased number of oligodendrocytes with sometimes "foamy'' aspect.


juvenile absence epilepsy

A genetic epilepsy with onset occurring around puberty. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by sporadic occurrence of absence seizures, frequently associated with a long-life prevalence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and sporadic myoclonic jerks.


non-verbal learning disability

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in visual-spatial processing and a significant discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal intelligence (where verbal intelligence is higher).


metabolic bone disorder

A group of disorders that affect the bones secondary to increased levels of minerals or deficient levels of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Representative examples are osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget disease.


choroidal neovascularization

An eye disorder described by the growth of new blood vessels that originate from the choroid through a break in the Bruch membrane into the sub–retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) or subretinal space. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of visual loss.


absence epilepsy

Epilepsy characterized by very brief episodes of sudden cessation of activity, usually associated with eye blinking. There is no loss of the muscle tone.


oligoasthenoteratozoospermia

A form of male infertility that is characterized by a combination of low number or oligozoospermia, poor motility or asthenozoospermia, and abnormal shape or teratozoospermia of sperms. OAT is the most common cause of male subfertility.


spitzoid melanoma

A junctional or compound melanocytic neoplasm not fulfilling the histopathologic criteria of melanoma but with one of the following features: asymmetry, predominance of single melanocytes over nests in lesions 4 mm or larger, ulceration, large dermal sheets of melanocytes, lack of maturation in dermis, deep dermal mitotic figures, extensive involvement of subcutis, and nuclear pleomorphism. (Mod Pathol 2006;19: S21)


gastroesophageal cancer

A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located in the proximal esophagus and the distal stomach.


medulloblastoma WNT activated

A medulloblastoma that is characterized as a molecular subtype by activation of the WNT pathway and TP53 mutations may be present or absent.


medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH

A medulloblastoma that is characterized as a molecular subtype that is not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and TP53 mutations are absent.


chronic urticaria

An urticaria that is characterized by the presence of urticaria for a period exceeding 6 weeks, assuming symptoms for most days of the week.


core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia

An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22). These cytogenetic abnormalities result in disruption of the transcription factor CBF, which is a regulator of normal hematopoiesis.


myeloid leukemia associated with down syndrome

An acute megakaryocytic leukemia occurring in children with Down syndrome and that has material basis in mutation in the GATA1 gene.


chronic asthma

An asthma that is characterized by the development of persistent airway inflammation and recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency.


acute asthma

An asthma that is characterized by severe and sudden onset of increasing wheezing, airways closing, smooth muscle contraction, mucus plugging and lower airway edema that may be reversible upon treatment.


subjective cognitive decline

A cognitive disorder that is characterized by the presence of significant and persistent cognitive complaints.


pemphigoid

An autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue that is characterized by subepidermal blistering especially in the lower abdomen, groin, and flexor surfaces of the extremities, creating tense blisters that do not break easily.


intracranial meningioma

A meningioma that arises within the cranial cavity.


supratentorial meningioma

A meningioma that affects the supratentorial brain.


latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

A type 1 diabetes mellitus that is characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process, highly variable β-cell destruction, different degrees of insulin resistance and heterogeneous titre and pattern of islet autoantibody, sharing features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.


A malignant astrocytoma that is characterized by the presence of five or more mitoses per 10 high-power fields.


castration-resistant prostate carcinoma

A prostate carcinoma that is characterized by continued growth and spread despite the surgical removal of the testes or medical intervention to block androgen production.


diffuse large B-cell lymphoma activated B-cell type

A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the expression of CD44, PKCbeta1, Cyclin D2, BCL-2, and IRF4/MUM1 genes.


diffuse large B-cell lymphoma germinal center B-cell type

A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the expression of CD10, BCL-6, A-myb, and LMO2 genes, BCL-2 translocation, and c-REL amplification.


acute necrotizing pancreatitis

An acute pancreatitis that is characterized by one or more areas of necrosis in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems.


dendritic cell deficiency

A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by impaired function or reduced numbers of dendritic cells.


infant-type hemispheric glioma

A malignant astrocytoma that is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the NTRK family, ROS1, ALK, or MET genes, that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood.


traumatic brain injury

A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.


antiphospholipid syndrome

A disorder caused by the presence of autoantibodies directed against phospholipids, causing a hypercoaguable state, which may result in blood clots, stroke, heart attack, and in women, significant pregnancy-related complications, including miscarriage and still birth. The syndrome is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, most commonly lupus erythematosus, and infections, including syphilis and Lyme disease.


benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Idiopathic recurrent vertigo associated with positional nystagmus. It is associated with a vestibular loss without other neurological or auditory signs. Unlike in labyrinthitis and vestibular neuronitis inflammation in the ear is not observed.


Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Flow

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A grading system for coronary blood flow based on the classification developed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Group. It classifies coronary blood flow into four classes based upon the angiographic appearance of the blood vessels. (ACC)


American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Lesion Complexity Score A

Discrete (less than 10 mm length) and concentric and readily accessible and non-angulated segment less than 45 degrees and smooth contour and little or no calcification and less than totally occlusive and not ostial in location and no major branch involvement and absence of thrombus. (ACC)


Sinus Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of an atrial rhythm which originates from the sinoatrial node that is considered normal for the population. (CDISC)


Stent restenosis

Fifty percent or greater stenosis within an existing stent. (ACC)


Transitory tachypnea of newborn

A respiratory disorder characterized by higher than normal respiratory rates among premature and cesarean section delivered neonates whose lungs have not fully matured. The cause is often excess fluid in the lungs, and resolution is aided by supplemental oxygen and sometimes, antibiotics.


Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Sensory or motor loss of peripheral nerve function due to a traumatic event. (ACC)


Hormone Receptor Positive

A finding indicating that the neoplastic cells in a tissue sample test positive for hormone receptors.


Stage 2A Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Stage 2B Neuroblastoma

Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary

A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord.


Congenital Bleeding Disorder

A bleeding disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, with the presenting symptom of excessive bleeding.


Ischemic Necrosis

Loss of vascularization and tissue death caused by the disruption in the arterial access. Common causes include trauma due to accidents, insect or reptile bites, severe cold exposure or pathological conditions such as infarctions or blood dyscrasias.


Injury of brachial plexus

Damage to the nerves in the brachial plexus network. These nerves originate in the spinal column and innervate the shoulder, arm and hand. Often, damage is sustained from overstretching or motor vehicle accidents.


ENSAT Stage I Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. The tumor has not invaded the surrounding tissues or organs and has not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs or tissues.  (ENSAT 7th Ed, 2009)


ENSAT Stage II Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. Tumor greater than 5 cm. The tumor has not invaded surrounding tissues or organs and has not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs or tissues. (ENSAT 7th Ed, 2009)


ENSAT Stage III Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Stage III includes: T3/T4, N0/N1, M0.  Tumor of any size that has spread to the fat outside the adrenal gland or into nearby organs or tissues and/or has spread to the regional lymph nodes. (ENSAT 7th Ed, 2009)


high grade serous adenocarcinoma of ovary

A rapidly growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of high grade cytologic features and frequent mitotic figures.


low grade serous adenocarcinoma of ovary

A slow-growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary.  It usually originates from borderline neoplastic processes or adenofibromas.  It is characterized by the presence of low grade cytologic features and infrequent mitotic figures.


Absence of Signs or Symptoms

Absence of detectable signs or symptoms.


Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Nausea and/or vomiting co-occurring with a cycle of chemotherapy.


Tachyarrhythmia

A disorder characterized by an arrhythmia with an above normal rate.


Injury of musculoskeletal system

Damage to the muscles, bones and their supportive structural attachments.


Postpericardiotomy Syndrome

An inflammatory disorder of the pericardium and pleura seen as a post-operative complication of cardiovascular surgery.


Ventricular Dysfunction

Impairment of the ventricle to either fill or eject adequately.


Glioblastoma by Gene Expression Profile

Classification of glioblastoma into molecular subtypes as defined by gene expression profiling.


Diaper Rash

An inflammatory skin condition in the diaper area that may be caused by irritation or infection.


Pre-Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes diagnosed before current pregnancy. (reVITALize)


Puerperal endometritis

Infection of the endometrium, decidua and/or myometrium occurring at any time between birth and 42 days postpartum.


Severe Sepsis

Clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and a systemic inflammatory response that progresses to multi-organ failure.


Surgical Wound Infection

An infection that occurs at a surgical site within 30 days after an operation.


Umbilical granuloma

Excessive granulation tissue at the base of the umbilicus after separation.


isolated congenital growth hormone deficiency

Insufficient production of growth hormone.


Pregnancy, Prolonged

A gestation that lasts greater than or equal to 42 weeks and 0 days.


Twin Pregnancy

A pregnancy involving two fetuses.


Early Pregnancy Loss

Pregnancy loss before 10th week of gestation with documentation of a confirmed pregnancy.


Blighted ovum

Pregnancy loss with visible gestational sac or yolk sac or both but no visible embryo on ultrasonogram.


Hyperglucagonemia

Abnormally high levels of glucagon in the blood, which may manifest as hyperglycemia and/or necrolytic migratory erythema.


Fetal blood loss

Loss of blood from the fetal circulation.


Insulin resistance syndrome

A cluster of closely related metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance that confer an increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These abnormalities may include obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, proteinuria, and/or polycystic ovary syndrome.


Threatened premature labor

Frequent painful contractions prior to 37 weeks of gestation without cervical change.


Esophageal Dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing due to an abnormality in the esophagus.


Infantile Colic

Paroxysms of irritability, fussing or crying that starts and stops without obvious cause in an infant up to four months of age without failure to thrive. Episodes last three or more hours per day for at least three days per week for at least on week.


Chronic liver disease

Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests.


Flare-up

A sudden worsening of a condition.


Transaminitis

Abnormally high levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) in the blood.


Monoclonal Band

Monoclonal immunoglobulin or monoclonal light chain that is present in the serum and/or urine. It is the result of a clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferation.


Live Birth

The complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a fetus, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such expulsion or extraction, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.


Full Term Birth

Birth at 39 weeks and 0 days through 40 weeks and 6 days.


Placenta, Retained

After delivery of neonate, placental retention that requires clinical intervention such as manual extraction, curettage or uterotonic medications.


Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage

Cumulative blood loss of greater than or equal to 1000 ML or blood loss accompanied by signs or symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours following the birth process (includes intrapartum loss). (reVITALize)


Thrombosis of blood vessel

The formation of a blood clot in the lumen of a vessel; causes include coagulation disorders, and vascular endothelial injury.


Puerperal sepsis

A sustained temperature of 38C (100.4F) or greater beyond the first 24 hours following birth, or a temperature of 39C (102.2F) within the first 24 hours following birth. (adapted from ACOG)


Rare Childhood Malignant Neoplasm

An infrequent malignant neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


Adult L2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


Drug-induced Nephropathy

Kidney damage resulting from exposure to drugs.


Infection of hemodialysis catheter

A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a hemodialysis catheter.


The presence of bacteria in the blood caused by an infected hemodialysis catheter.


Childhood Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma that arises from the bone and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in childhood.


Adult Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor

A germ cell tumor that arises within the cranium and occurs during adulthood.


Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone

An undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma that arises from the bone and occurs during adulthood.


Childhood Favorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


Adult Favorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with favorable prognosis that occurs during adulthood.


Adult Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during adulthood.


Childhood Pineoblastoma

A pineoblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Adult B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1

A B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood. It is characterized by the presence of lymphoblasts that carry a translocation between the BCR gene on chromosome 22 and the ABL1 gene on chromosome 9. It results in the production of the p190 kd or p210 kd fusion protein. It has an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to soft tissues

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the soft tissues from another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

The reemergence of childhood central nervous system embryonal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Renal transplant rejection

A sudden immune response occurring after transplantation, directed against donor kidney alloantigens.


Lymphomatous Involvement of Non-Cutaneous Extranodal Site

A pathologic and/or clinical finding indicating the spread of a lymphomatous process to an anatomic site other than lymph nodes and skin.


Osteolytic Lesions of Multiple Myeloma

A radiologic finding indicating the presence of multiple radiolucent osteolytic bone lesions observed in a patient with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma.


New Onset Diabetes After Transplant

Development of diabetes after transplant, usually associated with calcineurin inhibitor use.


Delayed Graft Function

The need for dialysis within a week of kidney transplant.


Arrested active phase of labor

More than or equal to 6 cm dilation with membrane rupture and one of the following: 4 hours or more of adequate contractions (e.g. more than 200 Montevideo units), 6 hours or more of inadequate contractions and no cervical change.


Prolonged second stage of labor

At least 2 hours of pushing in multiparous women and at least 3 hours of pushing in nulliparous women. Longer durations may be appropriate on an individualized basis (e.g., with the use of epidural analgesia or with fetal malposition) as long as progress is being documented.


Adult Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that occurs during adulthood.


Secondary Central Nervous System Hodgkin Lymphoma

A Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Secondary Central Nervous System Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Childhood Gliosarcoma

A gliosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage I Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE).


Stage II Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Stage III Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage III: Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm (III), which also may be accompanied by extralymphatic extension in association with adjacent lymph node involvement (IIIE) or by involvement of the spleen (IIIS) or both (IIIE,S).


Stage IV Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes). N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Very advanced disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage II Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage III Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IV Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0);. IVB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a (lip): Tumor invades through cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, or skin of face, i.e., chin or nose. T4a (oral cavity): Tumor invades adjacent structures (e.g., through cortical bone, into deep [extrinsic] muscles of tongue, maxillary sinus, skin of face). T4b: Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N2a: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in dimension. N2b: Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N2c: Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVA Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0). T4a: Lip and oral cavity cancer with moderately advanced local disease. Lip: Tumor invades through cortical bone, inferior alveolar nerve, floor of mouth, or skin of face, i.e., chin or nose. Oral cavity: Tumor invades adjacent structures only (e.g., through cortical bone [mandible or maxilla] into deep [extrinsic] muscle of tongue [genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, and styloglossus], maxillary sinus, skin of face). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Lip and oral cavity cancer with very advanced local disease. Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVC Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Stage III Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Maxillary sinus: Tumor invading any of the following: bone of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus, subcutaneous tissues, floor or medial wall of orbit, pterygoid fossa, or ethmoid sinuses. Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor invading the medial wall or floor of the orbit, maxillary sinus, palate, or cribriform plate.  T1: Maxillary sinus: Tumor limited to the maxillary sinus mucosa with no erosion or destruction of bone.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor restricted to any one subsite, with or without bony invasion.  T2: Maxillary sinus: Tumor causing bone erosion or destruction including extension into the hard palate and/or middle nasal meatus, except extension to posterior wall of maxillary sinus and pterygoid plates.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor invading two subsites in a single region or extending to involve an adjacent region within the nasoethmoidal complex, with or without bony invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IV Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4a: Maxillary sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades anterior orbital contents, skin of cheek, pterygoid plates, infratemporal fossa, cribriform plate, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades any of the following: anterior orbital contents, skin of nose or cheek, minimal extension to anterior cranial fossa, pterygoid plates, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  T4b: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial fossa, cranial nerves other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, nasopharynx, or clivus.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); T4a: Maxillary sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades anterior orbital contents, skin of cheek, pterygoid plates, infratemporal fossa, cribriform plate, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades any of the following: anterior orbital contents, skin of nose or cheek, minimal extension to anterior cranial fossa, pterygoid plates, sphenoid or frontal sinuses.  T1: Maxillary sinus: Tumor limited to the maxillary sinus mucosa with no erosion or destruction of bone.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor restricted to any one subsite, with or without bony invasion.  T2: Maxillary sinus: Tumor causing bone erosion or destruction including extension into the hard palate and/or middle nasal meatus, except extension to posterior wall of maxillary sinus and pterygoid plates.  Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor invading two subsites in a single region or extending to involve an adjacent region within the nasoethmoidal complex, with or without bony invasion.  T3: Maxillary sinus: Tumor invading any of the following: bone of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus, subcutaneous tissues, floor or medial wall of orbit, pterygoid fossa, or ethmoid sinuses. Nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus: Tumor invading the medial wall or floor of the orbit, maxillary sinus, palate, or cribriform plate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial fossa, cranial nerves other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, nasopharynx, or clivus.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVC Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Microscopically confirmed peritoneal tumor outside pelvis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Microscopic peritoneal tumor beyond pelvis (no macroscopic tumor). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Macroscopic peritoneal tumor beyond pelvis 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: (T3c, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T3c: Peritoneal tumor beyond pelvis more than 2cm in greatest dimension and/or regional lymph node metastasis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis (excludes peritoneal metastasis). (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Stage IA Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Any. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  For adenocarcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G2-3, Tumor location: Any); (T2-3, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Lower, X). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T1, N0, M0, G3); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, GX).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIA Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T3, N1, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T1-2, N2, M0, Any G); (T3, N1, M0, Any G); (T4a, N0, M0, Any G). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIB includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: T3, N2, M0, Any G. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

Stage IIIC includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G, Tumor location: Any).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc. N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus. For adenocarcinoma: (T4a, N1-2, M0, Any G); (T4b, Any N, M0, Any G); (Any T, N3, M0, Any G).  T4a: Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm. T4b: Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Tumor involves adnexa.  No regional lymph node or distant metastasis.


Stage IIB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

Tumor involves other pelvic tissues.  No regional lymph node or distant metastasis.


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage B Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage 0 Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


BCLC Stage B Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


BCLC Stage C Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Adult Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis that occurs in adulthood.


Adult Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome that occurs in adulthood.


adult nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma

Nasal type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma that occurs in adulthood.


Blastic Phase

Sudden increase of the number of blasts in the bone marrow and/or peripheral blood in a patient with a history of chronic leukemia.


Community acquired pneumonia

Pneumonia that is not acquired in a hospital or long-term care facility setting.


Childhood Mixed Glioma

A mixed glioma that occurs during childhood.


Cardiac complication

Any heart or vascular disorder occurring as a consequence of injury to the cardiovascular system.


Childhood Cerebellar Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Cerebral Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A cerebral anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


pediatric cerebral ependymoblastoma

An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs in children.


Childhood Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis that occurs during childhood.


Crohn Disease-Associated Dysplasia of the Colorectum

A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplastic epithelial changes in an intestinal tissue sample that is affected by Crohn disease.


Dermatologic Complication

Any skin disorder occurring as a consequence of injury to the skin tissue.


Distal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the distal part of the urethra.


Gastrointestinal complication

Any disorder of the organs of the digestive system occurring as a consequence of injury to the digestive system.


Hepatic Complication

Any disorder of the liver occurring as a consequence of injury to the liver parenchyma.


Long-Term Effects Secondary to Cancer Therapy in Adults

Side effects of cancer treatment received during adulthood occurring a long time after the treatment was completed.


Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Adult Mixed Glioma

A mixed glioma that occurs during adulthood.


Musculoskeletal Complication

Any disorder of the muscles and bones occurring as a consequence of injury to the musculoskeletal system.


Adult Myxopapillary Ependymoma

A myxopapillary ependymoma that occurs during adulthood.


Non-Metastatic Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma

A soft tissue sarcoma that occurs during childhood and is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Hospital acquired pneumonia

Pneumonia acquired during a hospital stay.


Oral Complication

Any oral disorder occurring as a consequence of injury to the mouth and lips.


Adult Pineal Gland Astrocytoma

A pineal gland astrocytoma that occurs during adulthood.


Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

A childhood rhabdomyosarcoma for which a patient has received treatment in the past.


Untreated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

A finding of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma that has not been treated.


Proximal Urethral Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the urethra.


Pulmonary Complication

Any pulmonary disorder occurring as a consequence of injury to the lungs.


Radiation retinopathy

Injury of the retina following exposure to radiation.  The retinal injury results from occlusive microangiopathy caused by endothelial cell loss.


Recurrent Adult Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

The reemergence of grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis in adulthood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Borderline Ovarian Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumor

The reemergence of borderline ovarian epithelial tumor after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

The reemergence of anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Giant Cell Glioblastoma

The reemergence of giant cell glioblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Glioblastoma

The reemergence of glioblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Gliosarcoma

The reemergence of gliosarcoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

The reemergence of grade III lymphomatoid granulomatosis in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

The reemergence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Oligodendroglioma

The reemergence of oligodendroglioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Pilocytic Astrocytoma

The reemergence of pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Pineoblastoma

The reemergence of pineoblastoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

The reemergence of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

The reemergence of supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Olfactory Neuroblastoma

The reemergence of olfactory neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of malignant extragonadal germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

The reemergence of a malignant extragonadal nongerminomatous germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Recurrent Extragonadal Seminoma

The reemergence of extragonadal seminoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma

The reemergence of fallopian tube carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

The reemergence of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma after a period of remission.


Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome recurrent

The reemergence of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome after a period of remission.


Recurrent Merkel Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of Merkel cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma

The reemergence of primary peritoneal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Kidney Neoplasm

The reemergence of renal neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


Refractory Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs during childhood and is resistant to treatment.


Toxic nephropathy

Toxicity that impairs or damages the kidney. This condition is often caused by the administration of a pharmaceutical agent that causes damage to the kidney.


Smoldering Systemic Mastocytosis

Slowly progressive systemic mastocytosis with uncertain prognosis. It is characterized by organomegaly and absence of aggressive disease.


Adult Subependymoma

A subependymoma that occurs during adulthood.


Transfusion hemosiderosis

Accumulation of iron in internal organs that results from repeated blood transfusions.


Urinary complication

Any disorder of the organs of the urinary system occurring as a consequence of injury to the urinary system.


Untreated Hairy Cell Leukemia

A finding of hairy cell leukemia that has not been treated.


Untreated Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A finding of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adulthood that has not been treated.


Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A finding of acute myeloid leukemia in adulthood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A finding of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Myeloid Neoplasm

A finding of myeloid neoplasm in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Neck with Occult Primary

A finding of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to neck with occult primary that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Anaplastic Astrocytoma

A finding of anaplastic astrocytoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

A finding of anaplastic oligodendroglioma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Brain Stem Glioma

A finding of brain stem glioma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Fibrillary Astrocytoma

A finding of fibrillary astrocytoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Giant Cell Glioblastoma

A finding of giant cell glioblastoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Glioblastoma

A finding of glioblastoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

A finding of gliomatosis cerebri in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Gliosarcoma

A finding of gliosarcoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Medulloblastoma

A finding of medulloblastoma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Oligodendroglioma

A finding of oligodendroglioma in childhood that has not been treated.


Untreated Childhood Pineoblastoma

A finding of childhood pineoblastoma that has not been treated.


Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection

Infection in the first month of life caused by the Herpes simplex virus.


Stent thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot of a vessel or heart chamber after and due to the placement of a stent.


Postpartum Complication

Any adverse event that arises in the six week period immediately following the delivery of a fetus.


Behavioral insomnia of childhood

A childhood disorder characterized by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep due to negative sleep associations, refusal to go to bed, and/or repeated attempts to delay bedtime.


Motor Deficit

Loss of movement function.


Tics

Repeated, individually recognizable, intermittent movements or movement fragments that are almost always briefly suppressible and are usually associated with awareness of an urge to perform the movement.


Systemic lupus erythematosus, childhood onset

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosed in individuals under the age of eighteen. Children frequently have multi-organ involvement and acute disease onset. Symptoms include fever, arthritis, skin lesions, anemia, and fatigue.


Overlap syndrome

An autoimmune, connective tissue disorder in which the patient exhibits features from two or more diseases. These typically include systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren syndrome; in pediatrics the respective pediatric entities are encountered.


Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response within 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis

An infectious disorder of newborn infants that is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response beyond 72 hours of life and is most commonly caused by bacteria.


Intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity

Bleeding within the cerebral ventricles in a preterm infant.


Primary Sjögren's syndrome

Sjogren syndrome without a concomitant systemic autoimmune disorder.


Secondary Sjögren's syndrome

Sjogren syndrome that occurs with another systemic autoimmune disorder, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.


Lupus anticoagulant disorder

A hypercoaguable state that results from the presence of the immunoglobulin known as Lupus Anticoagulant. The antibody interacts with cell membrane phospholipids, causing increased aggregation and adhesion of platelets, which causes increased clot formation. Though the majority of patients who test positive for lupus anticoagulant do not have lupus, those individuals afflicted with lupus have a higher probability of developing the antibody.


Transformed migraine

Episodes of migraine occurring on 15 or more days per month, for more than three months.


Status Migrainosus

An episode of migraine that persists for more than 72 hours.


New daily persistent headache

A bilateral, unremitting headache of mild to moderate intensity that occurs daily and may be associated with photophobia, phonophobia, or mild nausea.


Emotional Distress

Disturbed mental state characterized by moodiness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, and/or depression resulting from physical or mental stress.


Extranodal Extension

Extension of a malignant neoplasm beyond the lymph node capsule.


Pediatric Infectious Disorder

An infectious disorder that occurs during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.


Sedated

A state of a lowered level of consciousness.


Epigastric hernia

Protrusion of abdominal cavity contents or pre-peritoneal fat through the abdominal wall between the umbilicus and the xiphoid process.


Obstetric Labor Complications

Any unintended event during the labor process that makes delivery more difficult.


Open globe injury

A full thickness wound of the eyewall (sclera and cornea). (Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS))


Keratitis caused by infection

Inflammation of the cornea secondary to an infectious process.


Oculocardiac Reflex

Slowing or cessation of the heart rate secondary to traction on the extraocular muscle.


Lyme Arthritis

Joint inflammation, most often affecting large joints, associated with Lyme disease, presenting months after infection.


Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome

A constellation of symptoms lasting months to years reported by some Lyme disease patients who had undergone previous antibiotic therapy.


Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

Recent diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (usually within one to two years of onset) during which treatment may be more effective and possibly improve the disease course.


Pulmonary Congestion by Radiological Technique

Imaging findings consistent with increased intravascular blood volume in the lungs.


Cardiac Output

The total volume of blood pumped by the heart over a set period of time, conventionally one minute; it is calculated as heart rate times stroke volume (CO= HR x SV), and is additionally dependent on preload and afterload for functional output.


Neonatal encephalopathy

Abnormal functioning of the central nervous system in the newborn period that may be due to a variety of etiologies including hypoxia/ischemia, metabolic disturbance, or infection.


Scleroderma renal crisis

The onset of acute renal failure, normally coupled with marked hypertension in a patient with scleroderma.


growth delay due to insulin-like growth factor I resistance

Growth delay due to IGF-I resistance is characterized by variable intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and elevated serum IGF-I levels. Addition features include variable degrees of intellectual deficit, microcephaly and dysmorphism (broad nasal bridge and tip, smooth philtrum, thin upper and everted lower lips, short fingers, clinodactyly, wide-set nipples and pectus excavatum).


idiopathic precocious puberty

Precocious puberty for which no underlying cause can be identified.


Acquired Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


Childhood Overweight

A condition in which a child's body mass index (BMI) falls at or above the 85th percentile, but below the 95th percentile based on the normative values for the age and sex of the reference population.


Sustained Virologic Response

A finding of aviremia at a predetermined time point after the end of planned or actual treatment.


Persistent Atrial Fibrillation by ECG Finding

An electrocardiographic tracing demonstrating atrial fibrillation that is present during the entire recording.


Follicle stimulating hormone deficiency

Subnormal concentration of follicle stimulating hormone.


Cat bite

A wound received from the teeth of a cat.


Cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation

An acute episode of worsening pulmonary symptoms related to cystic fibrosis.


Loss of INI 1 Protein Expression

An immunohistochemical finding indicating negative staining of tumor cells for INI 1 protein, resulting from the inactivation of the INI 1 tumor suppressor gene.


B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, BCR-ABL1-Like

B acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by a gene-expression profile similar to that of BCR-ABL1-positive B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, absence of the pathognomonic BCR-ABL1 rearrangement, alterations of lymphoid transcription factor genes, and a poor outcome.


Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

Multiple, small, round or oval, benign or malignant growths in the lung(s), which can be due to infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes.


Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

An exacerbation of sickle cell disease.


Rhinovirus infection

An infectious process caused by rhinovirus. The virus usually causes upper respiratory infections, but can infect the lower tract as well.


Postoperative infection

Any infection documented following a surgical procedure that was not evident or suspected prior to the procedure.


Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in infancy.


Refractory Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in childhood and does not respond to treatment.


Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by decreased cellularity in the bone marrow.


acute myeloid leukemia, inv(3)(q21.3;q26.2)

Any acute myeloid leukemia that has the chromosomal anomaly inv(3)(q21.3;q26.2). (A cytogenetic abnormality that refers to a paracentric inversion involving breakpoints on the long (q23.1 and q26.2) of chromosome 3. It is associated with acute myeloid leukemia.)


Non dystrophic myotonia

A group of rare skeletal muscle ion-channel disorders caused by genetic mutations in the sodium and chloride channel genes. It is characterized by altered membrane excitability resulting in skeletal muscle stiffness. This group of myotonias is distinct from myotonic dystrophy because of the absence of systemic features or progressive weakness.


Nephrotic Syndrome - Frequently Relapsing

Nephrotic syndrome in which there is relapse occurring two or more times in the first six months, or four or more times in a year.


Lack of Expression of PD-L1

An immunohistochemical test result that indicates lack of expression of PD-L1 in a tissue sample of a primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm.


Collapsing glomerulopathy

Segmental or global glomerulopathy with tuft wrinkling, collapse and contraction without increased matrix or cells, but with adjacent podocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia.


Membranous Nephropathy - PLA2R Induced

Membranous nephropathy due to phospholipase 2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies.


Nephrotic Syndrome - Hepatitis B Virus Associated

Nephrotic syndrome associated with hepatitis B.


contrast-induced nephropathy

Kidney damage resulting from exposure to contrast agents.


Enteric hyperoxaluria

Excessive urinary oxalate excretion resulting from increased absorption of oxalate.


Voiding Disorders

A group of conditions comprising dysfunction of the storage and elimination of urine.


Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis

Glomerulonephritis in the context of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.


Sickle cell nephropathy

Nephropathy secondary to sickle cell disease, characterized by the presence of sickled erythrocytes in the renal medullary vessels, renal ischemia and microinfarctions, renal papillary necrosis, and renal tubular abnormalities.


BK virus infection

An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


Early Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Clinical and/or laboratory evidence of reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia less than 12 months from diagnosis.


Late Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Clinical and/or laboratory evidence of reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia greater than or equal to 12 months from diagnosis.


Clinical Partial Response

A decrease in the size and the extent of tissue involvement by cancer, based on physical exam, such as palpation.


PSA Progression

The amount of prostate specific antigen is increased, based on pre-defined thresholds.


An alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma characterized by the absence of chromosomal translocation t(1;13)(p36;q14) or t(2;13)(q35;q14) and therefore the absence of PAX7-FOXO1 or PAX3-FOXO1 gene fusion.


Refractory Childhood Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs during childhood and is resistant to treatment.


Hepatic Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the veins in the liver or hepatic artery.


Splenic thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the splenic vein or splenic artery.


Mesenteric thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of a mesenteric vein or mesenteric artery.


Gonadal Thrombosis

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the vein that carries blood away from the testis or ovary.


Lung consolidation

A chest X-ray finding indicating the presence of a radio-opaque area in the lung. The opacification is caused by fluid or solid material within the airways or lung parenchyma.


Hypermetabolism

A finding indicating an abnormal increase in the body's basal metabolic rate.


Childhood Neuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Astrocytoma

An astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Pregnant

Observed to be or have been pregnant.


Measurable Residual Disease Negativity

Absence of residual disease based on laboratory techniques.


Measurable Residual Disease Persistence

Presence of residual disease based on pre-defined thresholds and quantifiable MRD positivity by laboratory techniques.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related after a period of remission.


Small cell glioblastoma

A morphologic variant of glioblastoma characterized by the presence of a highly proliferative and monotonous population of malignant small glial cells.


Metastatic urothelial carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the urothelium and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Urothelial carcinoma bladder recurrent

The reemergence of bladder urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Refractory Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs in adulthood and does not respond to treatment.


Chronic Active EBV Infection of T-and NK-Cell Type, Systemic Form

An EBV-positive T-cell/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by repeated infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, a very high titer of anti-EBV antibodies, and high levels of Epstein-Barr virus nucleic acids. Patients often develop progressive cellular and humoral immunodeficiency with pancytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia.


Primary Peritoneal High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

A serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the lining of the peritoneum. It is characterized by high grade histopathologic features.


Primary Peritoneal Low Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

A serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the lining of the peritoneum. It is characterized by low grade histopathologic features.


Bronchial Epithelial Dysplasia

A non-invasive, precancerous lesion in the bronchial epithelium. Depending on the morphologic features it is classified as columnar cell dysplasia, basal cell dysplasia, squamous dysplasia, or bronchial epithelial dysplasia with transitional differentiation.


Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

A rapidly growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of high grade cytologic features and frequent mitotic figures.


Low Grade Fallopian Tube Serous Adenocarcinoma

A slow-growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of low grade cytologic features and infrequent mitotic figures.


Head and neck cancer metastatic

A carcinoma that arises from the head and neck and has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


acute myeloid leukemia, FLT3 internal tandem duplication

Any acute myeloid leukemia that has the chromosomal anomaly FLT3 internal tandem duplication. (A genetic abnormality that arises from duplications of the juxtamembrane portion of the gene and results in constitutive activation of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase protein in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. It is associated with acute myelogenous leukemia where it appears to correlate with a poor prognosis.)


Oropharyngeal Basaloid Carcinoma

A high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the oropharynx. It is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant amount of cytoplasm forming lobules with peripheral palisading.


Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the endometrium and is characterized by the presence of an undifferentiated carcinomatous component and a second component of either FIGO grade 1 or 2 endometrioid carcinoma.


Myelofibrosis that develops in a patient with history of essential thrombocythemia.


The reemergence of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia after a period of remission.


FIGO Stage IIIA1 Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only. (FIGO, 2014)


FIGO Stage IIIA1(i) Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only. Metastasis equal or less than 10 mm. (FIGO, 2014)


FIGO Stage IIIA1(ii) Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only. Metastasis greater than 10 mm. (FIGO, 2014)


FIGO Stage IIIA2 Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with microscopic, extrapelvic (above the brim) peritoneal involvement +/- positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. (FIGO, 2014)


FIGO Stage IVA Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with pleural effusion with positive cytology. (FIGO, 2014)


FIGO Stage IVB Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer with hepatic and/or splenic parenchymal metastasis, metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside of the abdominal cavity). (FIGO, 2014)


Deficiency of vitamin D3

Abnormally low concentration of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in the blood.


Abdominal Abscess

An abscess within the abdomen.


Pelvic abscess

An abscess that is located in the pelvic cavity.


Atypical pneumonia

Historical term that references a form of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, or Legionella species.


Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Diarrhea that is associated with current or recent antibiotic use.


Colonization

The presence of microorganisms (not contamination) on a body surface, including the skin and mucosal surfaces (e.g., respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts). Colonization implies the lack of signs or symptoms of infection but often precedes infection.


Complicated malaria

Acute malaria with signs of organ dysfunction, severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 5 g/dL or hematocrit less than 15%) and/or hyperparasitemia (greater than 5% of red blood cells infected).


Tuberculosis disease that is caused by a pre-extensively drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


latent early syphilis

Latent syphilis when infection was acquired less than twelve months previously.


Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and paranasal sinuses.


Cutaneous neurofibroma

A neurofibroma that grows along small branches of nerves in the dermis in patients with neurofibromatosis. It presents as a solid cutaneous tumor.


PD-L1 Positive

An immunohistochemical test result that indicates expression of PD-L1 in a tissue sample of a primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm.


Unresectable Esophageal Carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is not amenable to surgical resection.


B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Philadelphia Chromosome Negative

A B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that does not have the cytogenetic abnormality t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). Most cases of B-ALL do not have this translocation.


CD20 Positive

A finding indicating that CD20 is present on cells or expressed by cells.


NK-Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable

A very rare NK-cell lymphoma with pathologic and clinical features posing difficulty in its exact diagnosis and classification.


Cesarean Scar Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy implanted in a previous cesarean (hysterotomy) scar, surrounded by myometrium and connective tissue.


Recurrent Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

The reemergence of non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

A non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


The reemergence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after a period of remission.


IgG Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgG monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


IgA Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgA monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy

An abnormal laboratory test result indicating the presence of IgM monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood or urine.


ALK Positive

Indicates that ALK expression has been detected in a sample.


CCND1 Positive

Indicates that CCND1 expression has been detected in a sample.


Human Papillomavirus Positive

Indicates that human papillomavirus has been detected in a sample.


Mesothelin Positive

Indicates that mesothelin expression has been detected in a sample.


Philadelphia Chromosome Positive

Indicates that the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality, t(9;22)(q34;q11), has been detected in a sample.