name: Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IIIC: (Any T, N3, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin (ulceration or macroscopic nodules); invasion of the dermis alone does not qualify as T4. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. N3: Tumor with metastases in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes; or in infraclavicular (level III axillary) lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the presence of one or more positive level I, II axillary lymph nodes; or in more than three axillary lymph nodes and micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically negative ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes; or in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anatomic Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC v8

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T0, N1mi, M0); (T1, N1mi, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1mi: Tumor with micrometastases (approximately 200 cells, larger than 0.2 mm, but none larger than 2.0 mm). M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Malignant Breast Neoplasm

description: A malignant breast neoplasm that has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Resectable Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


name: Low Grade Breast Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

description: A slow growing mucoepidermoid carcinoma that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of keratinization in the neoplastic squamous cells and lumina formation by glandular neoplastic cells. Complete excision may be curative.


name: Metastatic BRCA-Associated Breast Carcinoma

description: BRCA-associated breast carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Lobular Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of lobular breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast adenocarcinoma that is positive for estrogen receptors.


name: Invasive Breast Lobular Carcinoma with Extracellular Mucin

description: A rare variant of invasive breast lobular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin in which groups of floating lobular carcinoma cells are identified.


name: Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Intermediate Grade

description: Breast ductal carcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of monomorphic neoplastic cells that form cribriform, micropapillary, or solid patterns. Intraluminal necrosis is present in some ducts. Ducts that contain neoplastic cells with occasional nucleoli and coarse chromatin may also be present.


name: Recurrent Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of hormone receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: adenocarcinoma of breast with squamous metaplasia

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant squamous cell component that is admixed with the adenocarcinoma component.


name: Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of triple-negative breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Metastatic Progesterone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Progesterone receptor-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Breast Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the breast. It is classified as small cell or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


name: Locally Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: HER2-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: Hormone receptor-negative breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Breast Ductal Carcinoma

description: A ductal breast carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site in the breast, through the hematogenous route.


Recurrent Breast Tubular Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of breast tubular carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIA Breast Carcinoma

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0).  T0: No evidence of primary tumor.  T1: Tumor 20 mm or less in greatest dimension.  T1 includes T1mi. T1mi: Tumor 1 mm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 20 mm but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 50 mm in greatest dimension.  N1: Metastasis to movable ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph node(s).  N2: Metastases in ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph nodes that are clinically fixed or matted; or in clinically detected ipsilateral internal mammary nodes in the absence of clinically evident axillary lymph node metastases.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  M0 includes M0(i+).  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of breast

description: A poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the presence of small neuroendocrine cells and high mitotic activity.


name: Locally Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Hormone receptor-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Grade 5 Duodenum Necrosis, CTCAE

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


arenesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an aryl group.


aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid

A naphthalenesulfonic acid having at least one amino substituent.


name: coagulation factor X N-glycosylated 2 (human)

description: A coagulation factor X (human) that has been N-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Asn-221 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P00742-1, in which the glycan structure is represented by GlyTouCan:G24501HF. Example: UniProtKB:P00742-1, Asn-221, MOD:00160~GNO:G24501HF.


Acute prostatitis

description: An acute inflammatory process that affects the prostate gland.  It is caused by bacteria, most often Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


name: interferon gamma isoform 1, signal peptide removed N-glycosylated 1 (human)

description: An interferon gamma isoform 1, signal peptide removed glycosylated form in human in which N-linked glycosylation occurs at Asn-48 and Asn-120. UniProtKB:P01579-1, 24-157, Asn-48/Asn-120, MOD:00160.


integrin beta-7 isoform Short (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-2.


name: integrin beta-7 isoform 1, signal peptide removed form (human)

description: An integrin beta-7 isoform 1, signal peptide removed form in human. UniProtKB:P26010-1, 20-798.


integrin beta-7 deaminated 1 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been deaminated on the residue at the position equivalent to Asn-434 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Asn-434, MOD:00684.


integrin beta-7 isoform 1 (human)

An integrin beta-7 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


integrin beta-7 methylated 2 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-537 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Cys-537, MOD:00660.


integrin beta-7 methylated 5 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-271 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Cys-271, MOD:00660.


integrin beta-7 methylated 1 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-654 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Cys-654, MOD:00660.


integrin beta-7 methylated 3 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-670 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Cys-670, MOD:00660.


integrin beta-7 methylated 4 (human)

An integrin beta-7 (human) that has been methylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Cys-448 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P26010-1. Example: UniProtKB:P26010-1, Cys-448, MOD:00660.


renal hypomagnesemia 4

description: Any primary hypomagnesemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the EGF gene.


5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid

A tetrahydrofolic acid that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 5.


name: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 phosphorylated 3 (human)

description: A RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 phosphorylated 3 in human. UniProtKB:P04049-1, Ser-259/Ser-621, MOD:00046.


name: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 (human)

description: A RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 phosphorylated 2 (human)

description: A RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform 1 phosphorylated 2 in human. UniProtKB:P04049-1, Ser-338/Ser-339, MOD:00046.


name: Grade 4 Oral Cavity Mucositis or Stomatitis by Clinical Examination Classification, CTCAE


Pathology Result

description: The outcome of a pathologic examination.


High Grade Dysplasia

description: A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be high.


Hypopharyngeal Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium of the hypopharyngeal mucosa.


Large Cell Dysplasia

description: A premalignant neoplastic lesion of the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of hepatocytes with enlarged nuclei and cytoplasm, nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleation, and hyperchromasia.


Intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the gastric mucosal epithelium with intestinal-type epithelium.  Using immunohistochemical staining, gastric intestinal metaplasia is classified as complete or incomplete.  Complete intestinal metaplasia is defined by the decreased expression of gastric mucins and expression of the intestinal mucin MUC2.  Incomplete intestinal metaplasia is defined by the co-expression of both gastric mucins and MUC2.


name: progressive transformation of germinal centers

description: Progressive transformation of germinal centers is a condition in which a lymph node becomes very enlarged (lymphadenopathy). Typically, only one lymph node is affected, though PTGC can involve multiple lymph nodes. Theneck is the most common location of affected lymph nodes, but PTGC may also affect lymph nodes in the groin and armpits. adults are more frequently affected than children, but children have a higher chance of developing PTGC multiple times (recurrence). PTGC is not considered a precancerous condition, though it has been associated with Hodgkin lymphoma.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry Less than 10 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that less than 10 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Epithelial metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of a group of one type of epithelial cells (e.g., glandular epithelial cells) to another type of epithelial cells (e.g., squamous epithelial cells).


Endometrial metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the mature endometrial glandular epithelium to another that differs from that of normal endometrioid glands.


Deposit

description: Accumulation of extraneous inorganic matter in tissues or cavities.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 11-20 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 11-20 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


cervical metaplasia

description: Metaplastic changes in the cervical glandular or squamous epithelium.


Histopathology Result

description: A finding resulting from the examination of a tissue sample under light or electron microscopy.


name: Low Phospho-AKT Immunohistochemical Expression


angiomatosis

description: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation usually occurring in young adults. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces. Patients present with diffuse persistent swelling.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 61-70 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 61-70 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


name: Intestinal Metaplasia of Columnar Epithelium

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the columnar epithelium by intestinal-type epithelium.


Transitional cell metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of non-transitional epithelium (e.g., squamous epithelium) with transitional epithelium.


nephrogenic adenoma

description: So-called nephrogenic adenoma is a distinct metaplastic lesion of the urothelium characterized by aggregates of cuboidal or hobnail cells. These cells line thin papillary fronds on the surface or form tubular structures within the lamina propria.


Moderate Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate cellular atypia associated with moderate architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Low Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Dysplasia in the oral cavity with low grade architectural and cytological epithelial changes.


Squamous Metaplasia Without Atypia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of glandular or transitional epithelial cells to squamous epithelial cells that lack atypical features.


Necrotic Change

description: A finding indicating the presence of cellular necrosis in a tissue specimen.


name: Cartilaginous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


TP53 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of TP53 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


name: Human Papillomavirus-Related Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Oral epithelial dysplasia caused by human papillomavirus infection. The tongue, floor of mouth, and buccal mucosa are the most commonly affected sites. It is characterized by the presence of mucosal dysplasia with prominent karyorrhectic/apoptotic cells. There is a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma.


Central Nervous System Necrotic Lesion

description: A necrotic process affecting the brain and/or spinal cord.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 21-30 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 21-30 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 2

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by disrupted cortical lamination and specific cytological abnormalities. It includes type IIa with dysmorphic neurons and type IIb with dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells.


Tuboendometrioid Metaplasia

description: Replacement of the endocervical-type epithelium of the cervix by benign tubal or endometrioid epithelium.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 1-10 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 1-10 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


MSH6 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH6 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Coagulative necrosis

description: Ischemic tissue necrosis characterized by the preservation of the architectural pattern and a necrotic ghost appearance of the cells.


MSH2 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH2 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Smooth Muscle Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-smooth muscle cells to smooth muscle cells.


name: Mesenchymal Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


name: Neoplastic Cells with CD45 Dim-to-Negative Expression Present

description: An immunophenotypic finding indicating the presence of neoplastic cells with dim-to-negative CD45 expression.


name: Lymphoblasts with Surface Immunoglobulin Present

description: A microscopic finding indicating that immunoglobulins are bound to or expressed on the surface of the immature lymphoid cells in a sample.


Squamous Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia in the squamous epithelium of a tissue sample.


name: Loss or Reduction of Nuclear Histone H3 K28me3 Expression

description: A molecular genetic finding indicating the loss or reduction of nuclear histone H3 K28me3 (K27me3) expression in tumor cells.


Progesterone Receptor Status 3+

description: An immunohistochemical result of 3 for progesterone receptor expression that is considered positive for expression.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 91-100 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 91-100 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Fallopian Tube Mucinous Metaplasia

description: Metaplastic mucinous changes in the fallopian tube epithelium. It may be seen in association with gynecological, appendiceal, or colonic mucinous tumors, or chronic inflammation.


PD-L1 Overexpression

description: An immunohistochemical test result that indicates overexpression of PD-L1 in a tissue sample of a primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry Less than or Equal to 9 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that at most 9 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Small Cell Dysplasia

description: A premalignant neoplastic lesion of the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of hepatocytes with decreased cell volume, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, basophilia, mild nuclear pleomorphism, and hyperchromasia.


name: Renal Dysplasia Due to Fetal Exposure to ACE Inhibitor or ARB

description: Tubular dysgenesis resulting from maternal exposure to a class of drugs known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB).


Focal Cortical Dysplasia

description: A congenital cortical developmental abnormality characterized by focal architectural distortion of the cortical brain layers. It is associated with the presence of cytologic abnormalities including hypertrophic and dysmorphic neurons. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors and is often associated with epilepsy.


Apocrine metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the glandular acinar epithelial cells to apocrine sweat gland cells.


Epiphysitis

description: Disorganization of the physeal chondrocytes with or without increased thickness of physis.


Congenital Dysplasia

description: Abnormal tissue formation due to abnormal cellular organization, which may result in a morphologic defect.


name: Squamous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


Bronchial Epithelial Dysplasia

description: A non-invasive, precancerous lesion in the bronchial epithelium. Depending on the morphologic features it is classified as columnar cell dysplasia, basal cell dysplasia, squamous dysplasia, or bronchial epithelial dysplasia with transitional differentiation.


Lung Squamous Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia in the bronchial squamous epithelium. It is precursor of lung squamous cell carcinoma.


Dysplasia of larynx

description: Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium of the laryngeal mucosa.


Severe dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of severe cellular atypia associated with severe architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Focal fibrosis

description: Localized formation of fibrous tissue.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 71-80 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 71-80 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


advanced hepatic fibrosis

description: Septal or bridging fibrosis that results in the disruption of normal blood flow and liver function, and extends across hepatic lobules with significant porto-portal or porto-central bridging. Progression may lead to the formation of nodules that distort the liver architecture, which is termed cirrhosis.


Keratinizing Dysplasia

description: Epithelial dysplasia in which the dysplastic changes, although limited to the lower basal zone, are so severe, that there is a high probability of progression to invasive carcinoma.


name: Spindle Cell Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 41-50 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 41-50 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 31-40 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 31-40 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Cervical Transitional Metaplasia

description: Cervical metaplasia in which the cervical squamous epithelium resembles benign urothelium as a result of a lack of cellular maturation.


Vaginal Transitional Cell Metaplasia

description: Vaginal metaplasia in which the vaginal surface squamous epithelium resembles benign transitional urothelium.


Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding of dysplastic epithelial cells in the oral cavity.


name: Concentric Fibrosis of Intrahepatic Duct

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of fibrosis around an intrahepatic bile duct in the liver tissue.


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 3

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by different cortical dyslamination and cytological abnormalities with the main lesions located in the same area. It includes the following: type IIIa with architectural distortion of cortical layer in temporal lobe with hippocampal atrophy; type IIIb with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to glial or glioneuronal tumor; type IIIc with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to vascular malformation; and type IIId with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to other lesions acquired in early childhood (e.g., trauma, ischemic event, and encephalitis).


Morular Metaplasia of the Endometrium

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the glandular endometrial epithelium by nodular structures that contain non-keratinizing squamous cells.


Renal Cell Dysplasia

description: A finding of congenital malformations in the kidney characterized by the presence of cysts of various sizes, primitive ducts, islands of metaplastic cartilage and undifferentiated mesenchyme, and the absence of cortico-medullary demarcation.


Morphologic Finding

description: A light microscopic finding that describes the cellular characteristics and architectural patterns of cell populations in a tissue sample.


Kidney Fibrosis

description: Excessive intraglomerular or interstitial accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the kidney, leading to the destruction of adjacent cellular structures and nephron loss.


Squamous Metaplasia of Bronchial Mucosa

description: Replacement of the bronchial glandular epithelial cells by squamous cells.


Columnar Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-columnar epithelial cells into columnar cells.


Dystrophic Calcification

description: Calcium deposits in  degenerated or necrotic tissue without abnormalities in blood calcium.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 51-60 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 51-60 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


name: Hurthle cell metaplasia of thyroid gland

description: A morphologic finding indicating transformation of follicular cells to large cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm (Hurthle cells) in the thyroid gland.


name: Loss of Immunohistochemical Expression of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) B

description: An immunohistochemical test result indicating the loss of expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B in the neoplastic cells of a tumor sample.


Apocrine metaplasia of breast

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of the epithelial cells in a breast tissue sample to cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Non-Keratinizing Dysplasia

description: Intraepithelial proliferation of dysplastic epithelial cells not associated with keratin formation.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 1-9 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that between 1 and 9 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Glandular metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the squamous or transitional epithelial cells to glandular cells.


EPCAM Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of EPCAM was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Cellular infiltrate

description: A morphological finding where an influx of cells is detected in locations or numbers that those cells are not normally found.


Thyroid Dysplasia

description: A transformation of the cells of the thyroid characterized by enlarged follicular cells, apically displaced nuclei, and large intracellular vacuole with homogeneous eosinophilic content located at the base of follicular epithelial cells. (INHAND)


name: Microcalcification Present in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within neoplastic tissue, and in tissues without neoplasm.


MLH1 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MLH1 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of a nuclear factor is not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Reactive Lymphocytosis

description: A finding indicating the presence of an increased number of non-neoplastic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, effusions, or bone marrow.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry Less than 20 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that less than 20 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Absence of Bone Marrow Dysplasia

description: An indication that signs of dysplasia were not detected in a bone marrow sample


Mesenchymal Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the transformation or replacement of a group of non-mesenchymal cells into osseous, cartilagenous, or lipomatous cells.


name: Microcalcification Present in Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within neoplastic tissue.


name: Intestinal Metaplasia of Esophageal Mucosa

description: A finding indicating the replacement of part of the esophageal mucosal epithelium by intestinal-type epithelium.


Bridging fibrosis

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of fibrous bands connecting portal tracts, portal tracts and centrilobular spaces, or centrilobular spaces in a liver tissue sample in a patient with evolving cirrhosis.


Squamous metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of glandular or transitional epithelial cells to, usually, mature squamous epithelial cells.  Representative examples include squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium, cervix, urinary bladder, and prostate gland.


Peritoneal Transitional Cell Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of peritoneal mesothelium with transitional epithelium.


Generalized Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia throughout a cellular component in a tissue sample.


Intestinal metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of epithelial tissue outside the intestines by intestinal-type epithelium.


High Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Dysplasia in the oral cavity with high grade architectural and cytological epithelial changes.


Mild dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild cellular atypia associated with mild architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Fibrosis deep connective tissue

description: Fibrotic degeneration of the deep connective tissues.


name: Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis


name: Microcalcification Present in Non-Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within tissues without neoplasm.


name: Neoplastic Cells with CD38 Dim-to-Negative Expression Present

description: An immunophenotypic finding indicating the presence of neoplastic cells with dim-to-negative CD38 expression.


Tumor-Associated Lymphocytosis

description: Non-neoplastic lymphocytosis associated with the presence of a tumor.


Extraskeletal calcification

description: Deposition of calcium in tissues outside of bone.


Increased Colloid

description: Increase in the amount of colloid.


Spindle Cell Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-spindle cells to spindle-shaped cells.


Low Grade Dysplasia

description: A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be low.


Breast Microcalcification

description: Tiny deposits of calcium in tissue.  In the breast they can be seen using mammography, and if found in clusters may be indicative of breast cancer.


Necrotic Lesion

description: A lesion characterized by irreversible damage leading to cellular death.


name: High Phospho-AKT Immunohistochemical Expression


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 1

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by abnormal cortical layering. It is associated with mild symptoms, late onset, and changes present in the temporal lobe. It includes the following: type Ia with abnormal radial migration and maturation of neurons; type Ib with disruption of the six-layered tangential composition of the cortex with immature neurons; and type Ic comprising both architectural abnormalities.


Squamous metaplasia of cervix

description: The process in which the cervical glandular epithelium is replaced with squamous epithelium.


name: Minimal Reticulin Fibrosis of the Bone Marrow


Superficial Soft Tissue Fibrosis

description: Fibrotic degeneration of the superficial soft tissues.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry 81-90 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that 81-90 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present

description: Transformation of malignant cells with a specific differentiation to different morphologic types.


Dysplasia Negative

description: An indication that signs of dysplasia were not found in a sample.


Indefinite Dysplasia

description: An indication that there is an ambiguous morphological pattern in a tissue sample such that the presence or absence of dysplasia cannot be determined.


name: Progesterone Receptor Positive by Immunohistochemistry Less than 1 Percent

description: An immunohistochemical staining finding indicating that less than 1 percent of the cells in a tissue sample are expressing progesterone receptor.


name: Osseous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


MSH3 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH3 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Fatty degeneration

description: Acumulation of adipose tissue in intracytoplasmic or extracellular spaces.


name: proteinase-activated receptor 1 deaminated 1 (human)

description: A proteinase-activated receptor 1 (human) that has been deaminated on the residue at the position equivalent to Asn-75 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25116. UniProtKB:P25116, Asn-75, MOD:00684.


name: proteinase-activated receptor 1, signal peptide removed form (human)

description: A proteinase-activated receptor 1 (human) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P25116, 22-425.


name: Refractory Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: A soft tissue sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Epithelioid Sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Synovial Sarcoma

description: Synovial sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma

description: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

description: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Kaposi Sarcoma

description: Kaposi sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

description: Alveolar soft part sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: Childhood soft tissue sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

description: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Rhabdomyosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3

description: Any multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the COL9A3 gene.


orbit embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the orbit. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle tissue exhibiting embryonic features.


Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Middle Ear Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rare embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that arises in the middle ear.


name: adult vagina botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma. It occurs in female adults.


botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


adult botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in adults. The neoplasm arises from organs containing a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: childhood vagina botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder

description: An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the bladder. It is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder affecting young children.


prostate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the prostate. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle exhibiting embryonic features.


Anaplastic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.  It is characterized by the presence of large hyperchromatic and anaplastic cells.


name: vulvar childhood botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


childhood botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children. The tumor arises from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


Childhood Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A poorly circumscribed morphologic variant of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children.  The neoplasm is characterized by the presence of primitive skeletal muscle in any stage of myogenesis.


name: Grade 1 Phrenic Nerve Dysfunction, CTCAE


name: Stage 0 Lip Basal Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Atypical cartilaginous tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the appendicular skeleton.


Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone in the appendicular skeleton.


name: Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the appendicular skeleton.


Stage IIIa Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIa includes: T1-3, N1, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN1: Palpable mobile unilateral inguinal lymph node.  pN1: Metastasis in a single inguinal lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Penile Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of penile carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIb Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIb includes: T1-3, N2, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN2: Palpable mobile multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. pN2: Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades other adjacent structures.  cN3: Palpable fixed inguinal nodal mass or pelvic lymphadenopathy unilateral or bilateral.  pN3: Extranodal extension of lymph node metastasis or pelvic lymph node(s) unilateral or bilateral.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (lymph node metastasis outside of the true pelvis in addition to visceral or bone sites).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T1b: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4).  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIa (T1-3, N1, M0); IIIb (T1-3, N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN1: Palpable mobile unilateral inguinal lymph node.  pN1: Metastasis in a single inguinal lymph node.  cN2: Palpable mobile multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. pN2: Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage 0 Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0); (Ta, N0, M0).  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  Ta: Non-invasive verrucous carcinoma.  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


myelofibrosis

description: A partial or complete replacement of the bone marrow stroma by fibrous tissue. It can be a primary bone marrow lesion as part of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis), a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis), or a secondary phenomenon due to bone marrow involvement by a metastatic tumor (e.g., metastatic breast carcinoma). --2003


name: macular coloboma-cleft palate-hallux valgus syndrome

description: Macular coloboma-cleft palate-hallux valgus syndrome is characterized by the association of bilateral macular coloboma, cleft palate, and hallux valgus. It has been described in a brother and sister. Pelvic, limb and digital anomalies were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive.


name: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform hSREBP-1C (human)

description: A sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P36956-3.


yellow fever

description: Yellow fever (YF), caused by YF virus, is a zoonotic disease characterized by fever and constitutional symptoms, with the potential to progress to severe and fatal viral hemorrhagic fever with shock and multi-organ system failure.


Neuroma of amputation stump

description: A neuroma that occurs at the site of an amputation.


Traumatic neuroma

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of a nerve caused by injury to the nerve due to trauma or surgery. It presents as a firm nodule that may be associated with pain or tenderness. It most often occurs in the lower extremity following amputation, or in the head and neck region.


Morton neuroma

description: Compressive neuropathy of the forefoot interdigital nerve chiefly due to compression and irritation at the plantar aspect of the transverse intermetatarsal ligament. It is not a true neuroma as the condition is degenerative rather than neoplastic. The most common location for Morton neuroma is between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals.


Appendix Neuroma

description: A neuroma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by a neural spindle cell proliferation that replaces the appendiceal mucosa and lymphoid tissue.  It usually results in the obliteration of the appendiceal lumen.


name: TGF-beta receptor type-2 sequence variant N435S (human)

description: A TGF-beta receptor type-2 (human) that has a Ser residue at the position equivalent to Asn-435 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P37173-1. Example: UniProtKB:P37173-1, Asn-435, CHEBI:29999.


name: sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 sequence variant D173N (human)

description: A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 (human) that has an Asn residue at the position equivalent to Asp-173 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q695T7. UniProtKB:Q695T7, Asp-173, CHEBI:50347.


name: sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 sequence variant S303L (human)

description: A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 (human) that has a Leu residue at the position equivalent to Ser-303 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q695T7. UniProtKB:Q695T7, Ser-303, CHEBI:30006.


name: sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 isoform 1 (human)

description: A sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hereditary spherocytosis type 3

description: Any hereditary spherocytosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SPTA1 gene.


Nasopharyngeal Squamous Papilloma

description: A benign exophytic neoplasm that arises from the nasopharynx.  It is characterized by the presence of a connective tissue core covered by stratified squamous epithelium.


Locally Advanced Chondrosarcoma

description: Chondrosarcoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


pediatric mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in children.


synovial chondrosarcoma of joint

description: An extremely rare chondrosarcoma arising from the synovium either as a de novo neoplasm or secondary to synovial chondromatosis.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


Maxillofacial Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Central Nervous System Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia and hyperchromasia as compared to grade 1 chondrosarcoma. Mitotic activity is present.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


name: Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called peripheral atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called peripheral chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


Childhood Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from bone and soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling. The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.


name: Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues and is not amenable to surgical resection.


localized chondrosarcoma

description: A non-disseminated skeletal or extraskeletal chondrosarcoma.


dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

description: An aggressive morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma. It is composed of a low grade chondrosarcoma and a high grade non-cartilagenous sarcomatous component. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, its prognosis is poor.


name: Childhood Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare primary central chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Chondrosarcoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of chondrosarcoma after a period of remission.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and mitotic activity as compared to grade 2 chondrosarcoma.


Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


periosteal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising from the surface of bone. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, high mitotic activity, myxoid stroma formation, and necrotic changes. It occurs in adults. Clinical presentation includes pain, and sometimes swelling.


name: Secondary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma.


Laryngeal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises from hyaline cartilage of the larynx.


Secondary Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises either in a pre-existing enchondroma or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


name: Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called central atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called central chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone without a benign precursor are called primary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma are called secondary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


clear cell chondrosarcoma

description: A rare, usually low grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm. It usually arises in the epiphyseal ends of long bones.


Secondary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a pre-existing enchondroma.


name: Metastatic Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Chondrosarcoma metastatic

description: A chondrosarcoma that has spread to a secondary anatomical site.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone in the axial skeleton.


name: Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A low-grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of moderate cellularity, hyperchromatic and plump nuclei of uniform size, and occasional binucleated cells.  Mitotic figures are absent.


name: Primary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone without a benign precursor.


mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone

description: A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from the bone.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling.  The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.


adult mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in adults.


cathepsin S isoform h1 (human)

A cathepsin S (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P25774-1.


name: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src phosphorylated 1 (human)

description: A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (human) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Ser-75 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P12931-1. Example: UniProtKB:P12931-1, Ser-75, MOD:00046.


name: ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 phosphorylated 4 (human)

description: A ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 (human) that has been phosphorylated on the residue at the position equivalent to Ser-227 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P51812. UniProtKB:P51812, Ser-227, MOD:00046.


name: protein-lysine 6-oxidase N-glycosylated 1 (human)

description: A protein-lysine 6-oxidase (human) that has been N-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Asn-144 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P28300-1, in which the glycan composition is represented by GlyTouCan:G92050GC. Example: UniProtKB:P28300-1, Asn-144, MOD:00160~GNO:G92050GC.


name: Grade 2 Pituitary Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


name: Grade 2 Lymphatic Infection with Unknown Absolute Neutrophil Count, CTCAE


Nipple Deformity

description: A congenital or acquired deformity of the nipple.


name: alpha-2C adrenergic receptor isoform 1 (mouse)

description: An alpha-2C adrenergic receptor isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


name: Stage IIA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


neoplasm of thorax

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the thoracic segment of trunk.


name: Unresectable Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


description: An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the mediastinum.


Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Bronchogenic Carcinoma

description: Bronchogenic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Secondary Heart Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that has spread to the heart from another primary anatomic site.


name: Thymic Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A primary thymic carcinoma that cannot be defined as one of the thymic carcinomas with specific morphologic characteristics.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung adenocarcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Secretory Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the lung and has histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic features identical to those described in breast and salivary gland secretory carcinomas.


name: Stage IA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of thymus

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the thymus.


Small cell lung cancer limited stage

description: Small cell lung carcinoma which is confined to one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

description: A thymic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant thoracic neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


benign neoplasm of epicardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the epicardium.


Lung Squamous Papilloma

description: A papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of a delicate fibrovascular core lined by stratified squamous epithelium.  Squamous cell papillomas can be solitary or multiple.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Because of the possibility of recurrence and reported cases of squamous cell carcinomas arising at the excision site of squamous cell papillomas, complete excision is indicated.


Advanced Malignant Thymoma

description: A malignant thymoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung

description: A high grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant neuroendocrine cells.  This category includes small cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined lung carcinoma.


endobronchial lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm located within the lumen of a bronchus. It is predominantly found in males and usually originates within the fatty tissue between bronchial cartilage. May cause irreversible pulmonary damage distally. Two-thirds of the tumors occur on the right side and most are located on the first three subdivisions of the tracheobronchial tree.


Mediastinal Chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of hyaline cartilage arising from the mediastinum.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Refractory Mediastinal Lymphoma

description: Mediastinal lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2 or T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pericardial Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


heart lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the heart and/or the pericardium. The majority of the cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Patients may present with chest pain, heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, or syncope.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIB

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Transformed EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Histologic transformation of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


name: Stage IIIA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Thymic Carcinoma

description: Thymic carcinoma that has recurred after a period of remission.


benign neoplasm of pleura

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the pleura.


mediastinal soft tissue cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues of the mediastinum.


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA1: (T1mi, N0, M0); (T1a, N0, M0); IA2: (T1b, N0, M0); IA3: (T1c, N0, M0); IB: (T2a, N0, M0). T1mi: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma: adenocarcinoma (3 cm or less in greatest dimension) with a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mediastinal Lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the mediastinum.


Lung Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: An aggressive variant of lung adenocarcinoma that exhibits a micropapillary architectural pattern. The prognosis is usually poor.


Cardiac Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the heart.


Mediastinal Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma that arises from paraganglia in the mediastinum.  Clinical signs and symptoms include chest pain, cough, hoarseness, and dysphagia.


Stage II Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor with direct invasion of the pericardium (either partial or full thickness). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


benign axillary neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the structures of the axilla.


neoplasm of mediastinum

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the mediastinum.


Widely Invasive Thymoma

description: A thymoma that spreads by direct extension into adjacent tissues (lung, pericardium, or large vessels).  This type of thymoma usually appears invasive at the time of excision.


Invasive Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of tall columnar cells and mucin production. This category refers to cases formerly classified as mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, excluding cases that meet the criteria for adenocarcinoma in situ or mucinous minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.


Childhood Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the tissues of the thorax during childhood.


Lung Spindle Cell Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells and focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates.  Adenocarcinoma cells, malignant squamous cells, and giant cells are not present.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A non-small cell carcinoma of the lung that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage 0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Occult Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Occult lung cancer includes: TX, N0, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of pleural malignant mesothelioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to pleural diffuse malignant mesothelioma only. Localized pleural malignant mesotheliomas and other primary tumors of the pleura are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Mediastinal T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

description: A precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia that involves the mediastinum.  It usually affects adolescent and young adult males.  It is treated with aggressive chemotherapy and radiation.


name: Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Thoracic Cavity

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the thoracic cavity from another anatomic site.


thoracic benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from any of the organs of the thoracic cavity. Representative examples include pleural adenomatoid tumor, chest wall lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, and lung hamartoma.


Resectable Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


mediastinal mesenchymal tumor

description: A benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm of the mediastinum. Representative examples of benign mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include chondroma, leiomyoma, lipoma, and rhabdomyoma. Representative examples of malignant mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


Childhood Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign tumor that arises from striated cardiac myocytes during childhood. It is the most common heart tumor in the pediatric population.


Masaoka-Koga Stage III

description: The tumor shows invasion into the neighboring tissues and organs of the lower neck or upper chest.


name: Stage IIIB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


mediastinal neural neoplasm

description: A neurogenic tumor that arises from the mediastinum. Neural tumors are the most common tumors that arise from the posterior mediastinum. Representative examples include Schwannoma, neurofibroma, and neuroblastoma.


Refractory Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


axillary lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the axilla.


Stage I Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Somatic-Type Malignancy

description: A rare extragonadal germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with the presence of a somatic-type malignant component.  The somatic malignancy is usually a sarcoma (e.g., embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma), adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or primitive neuroectodermal tumor.  The prognosis is poor.


Mediastinal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell tumor components. The different germ cell tumor components include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma.


mediastinal lipomatosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by a diffuse poorly circumscribed overgrowth of adipose tissue in the mediastinum.


Childhood Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A rare small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


neoplasm of chest wall

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the chest wall.


Endobronchial Hamartoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of mesenchymal tissues admixed with entrapped respiratory epithelium.  It presents with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Bronchoplastic resection is usually curative.  Recurrence is very rare.


name: Invasive Lung Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the absence of tall columnar cells and mucin production. This category includes lepidic adenocarcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and solid adenocarcinoma.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, A Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) transcription factor. It is associated with high expression of neuroendocrine markers and classic morphology.


name: Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Pleural mesothelioma malignant recurrent

description: The reemergence of pleural malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Brain

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the brain from its original site in the lung, through the hematogenous route.


Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Benign Lung PEComa

description: A benign lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Metastatic Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Pleural Lymphoma

description: A rare extranodal lymphoma that arises from the pleura with no evidence of involvement of other sites at the time of diagnosis. This category includes primary effusion lymphoma and pyothorax-associated lymphoma.


name: Refractory Extensive Stage Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Stage IIIB Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mucinous Cystadenoma

description: A very rare, well circumscribed, benign cystic neoplasm that arises from the lung.  It is characterized by the presence of cysts which are lined by tall mucinous epithelium and filled with mucin.


benign neoplasm of chest wall

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the chest wall.


teratocarcinoma of mediastinum

description: An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and contains teratoma and embryonal carcinoma components.


Chest Wall Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall.


name: Cardiac Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: An intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.


Metastatic Cardiac Paraganglioma

description: A paraganglioma of the heart that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.


Mediastinal Thymoma

description: An invasive or non-invasive thymoma that arises from the mediastinum.  Thymomas are the most common anterior mediastinal tumors.


name: Stage III Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage 0 Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm, arising from the heart.  IIt is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


name: Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Thymic carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features

description: A very rare primary thymic carcinoma that resembles adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.


heart neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the heart.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Occult Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology or bronchial washings only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


neoplasm of myocardium

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the myocardium.


name: Platinum-Resistant Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung small cell carcinoma that is resistant to platinum therapy.


Lung Adenofibroma

description: A very rare benign neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a stromal and an epithelial component. It resembles the adenofibromas that arise from the organs of the female reproductive system.


pericardium leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


Lung Pleomorphic Adenoma

description: A very rare, well circumscribed, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the bronchus.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and fibromyxoid stroma.


name: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Variant

description: A poorly differentiated morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of small tumor cells with focal squamous differentiation.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma metastatic

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Lung Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the absence of keratinization, pearl formation, and intercellular bridges.


Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T1c, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N2, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


sternal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the sternum.


name: Stage IA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Solid Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of polygonal malignant cells forming sheets. Acinar, papillary, micropapillary, or lepidic growth patterns are absent.  If the tumor is 100 percent solid, intracellular mucin should be present in at least five tumor cells in each of two high-power fields and confirmed with mucin immunohistochemical stains. Tumors formerly classified as large cell carcinomas expressing pneumocyte immunohistochemical markers, even if intracellular mucin is absent, are now included in this category.


name: Pleural Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor

description: A rare, non-invasive, localized or multifocal mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of papillae with myxoid fibrovascular cores, lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells.  The clinical course is usually indolent.


description: A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung  adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of Clara cells and/or type II cells.


chest wall lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall. The majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.


name: Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


rhabdomyosarcoma of lung

description: A rare rhabdomyosarcoma that arises from the lung.


Metastatic thymic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the thymus and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymus Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle cell fibroblasts and collagen tissue.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Pleural Proximal-Type Epithelioid Sarcoma

description: A rare epithelioid sarcoma of the proximal type that arises from the pleura.


name: Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Benign Lung Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


mediastinum leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the mediastinum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T1c, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mature pericardial teratoma

description: A benign teratoma that arises from the pericardium.


Myoepithelial carcinoma of lung

description: A very rare malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

description: Thymic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: Lung neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Resectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


lipoma of mediastinum

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cardiac Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the heart.


Occult Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: An adenosquamous lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


Stage IIIA Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Mediastinal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, and rhabdomyoma.


Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor

description: A congenital benign tumor of lung interstitial mesenchymal cells that presents with respiratory symptoms in neonates. Images reveal a well-circumscribed solid or partially cystic lung mass. Microscopical examination reveals widened alveolar septa that contain bland, uniform mesenchymal cells. Some cases show ALK rearrangement and A2M-ALK gene fusion.


Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung and has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Stage Grouping of the Pediatric Study Group

description: A term that refers to the staging of mediastinal malignant germ cell tumors according to the Pediatric Study Group staging criteria. This staging system is not an official UICC TNM classification. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)