Proximal femoral focal deficiency

description: Proximal femoral focal deficiency is a deformity manifested by hypoplasia of a variable portion of the femur with shortening of the entire limb.


Osteolysis of talus

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Osteolysis affecting the talus.


macrodactyly of fingers

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A type of Macrodactyly affecting one or several fingers.


Decreased circulating IgG2 level

description: A reduction in immunoglobulin levels of the IgG2 subclass in the blood circulation.


Wide pubic symphysis

description: Abnormally increased width of the pubic symphysis is the midline cartilaginous joint uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones.


Structural foot deformity

description: A foot deformity resulting due to an abnormality affecting the bones of the foot (as well as muscle and soft tissue). In contrast if only the muscle and soft tissue are affected the term positional foot deformity applies.


Mediastinal mass

description: A mass in the mediastinum seen on chest imaging is defined as an opacity greater than 3 cm in diameter (without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics).


name: Abnormality of the proximal radial epiphysis

description: Any abnormality of the proximal epiphysis of the radius.


Abnormality of dermal melanosomes

description: An abnormality of the melanosomes, i.e., of the cellular organelles in which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored within melanocytes (the cells that produce pigment in the dermis).


name: Anti-angiotensin receptor type-1 antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against angiotensin receptor type-1.


name: Anterior displacement of the papillary muscles

description: Abnormally anterior location of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle.


Pulmonary arterial atherosclerosis

description: Accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells along the inner walls of the pulmonary artery.


name: Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th finger

description: Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion deformity of the little finger. That is, the PIP joint of a little finger is bent (flexed) and cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement.


heart cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the heart


name: Contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger

description: Chronic loss of joint motion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.


name: Abnormality of the vitamin B3 metabolism


name: Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger

description: Absence or underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the middle phalanx of the little (5th) finger.


Abnormality of external jugular vein

description: An abnormality of an external jugular vein of the neck.


Subcutaneous calcification

description: Deposition of calcium salts in subcutaneous tissue (i.e., the the lowermost layer of the integument).


name: Abnormal distal phalanx morphology of finger

description: Any anomaly of distal phalanx of finger.


Ankle pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the ankle.


Hypohomocysteinemia

description: A decreased concentration of homocysteine in the blood.


Onycholysis of distal fingernails

description: Detachment of the distal fingernails from the nail bed.


Inguinal freckling

description: The presence in the inguinal region (groin) of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.


Macrodontia

description: Increased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD above mean for age. Alternatively, an apparently increased maximum width of the tooth.


Short distal phalanx of the thumb

description: Hypoplastic (short) distal phalanx of the thumb.


name: Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger

description: Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of index finger.


C1-C2 subluxation

description: A partial dislocation of the atlantoaxial joints.


Glomerular crescent formation

description: Glomerular crescent refers hyperplastic lesions involving 10% or more of the circumference of Bowman's capsule. Crescents can be composed of a variable mixture of epithelial/leukocyte hypercellularity, fibrous matrix, and fibrin.


Short proximal phalanx of the 4th toe

description: Developmental hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of fourth toe.


Fungi allergy

description: Hypersensitivity in form of an adverse immune reaction against fungus.


Short 4th finger

description: Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the fourth finger, also known as the ring finger.


Polymelia

description: Polymelia is a congenital anomaly, which is defined as the presence of accessory limbs attached to various body regions and could be classified as cephalomelia (extra-limb attached to the head), notomelia (extra-limb attached to the back bone), thoracomelia (extra-limb attached to the thorax), and pyromelia (extra-limb attached to the pelvis).


name: Increased myocardial pyrophosphate uptake

description: Amount of pyrophosphate uptake by the myocardium as demonstrated by by technetium pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) scintigraphy above the upper limit of normal.


name: Triangular epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger

description: A triangular appearance of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the ring finger of the hand. This epiphysis is located at the proximal end of the phalanx and is normally nearly flat.


Paraspinal hemangioma

description: A hemangioma, a benign tumor of the vascular endothelial cells, that is located in the paraspinal muscular region, the muscles next to the spine.


name: Mottled pigmentation of the trunk and proximal extremities


Autophagia

description: The habitual action of inflicting pain upon oneself by biting and/or devouring portions of one's body.


Gallbladder adhesions

description: Strands of scar tissue bands of scar tissue that form an abnormal connection between the gallbladder and another abdominal structure. Adhesions can form followiing gallbladder inflamation (cholecystitis).


Eosinophilic ascites

description: A type of ascites in which there are large numbers of eosinophils in the ascitis fluid.


name: Focal aware emotional seizure with pleasure

description: Focal emotional seizure with pleasure in which awareness is retained throughout.


name: Osteolytic defects of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe


Abnormal blood vessel morphology

description: Any structural anomaly of a blood vessel (artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, or vein).


Atretic gallbladder

description: Failure of formation of the lumen of the gallbladder, often associated with gallbladder hypoplasia.


Coronary artery calcification

description: An accumulation of calcium and phosphate in arteries with mineral deposits in the intimal or medial layer of the vessel wall in a coronary artery.


Recurrent thrombophlebitis

description: Repeated episodes of inflammation of a vein associated with venous thrombosis (blood clot formation within the vein).


White hair

description: Hypopigmented hair that appears white.


Antilactoferrin antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against lactoferrin.


Midclavicular hypoplasia

description: Underdevelopment of the middle portion of the clavicle.


Increased serum testosterone level

description: An elevated circulating testosterone level in the blood.


Open bite

description: Visible space between the dental arches in occlusion.


name: Abnormal circulating complement factor H related protein 1 concentration

description: A deviation from the normal concentration in blood of factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1)


Generalized periodontitis

description: A generalized form of periodontitis.


name: Cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against proteins predominantly expressed in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils.


Mallory bodies

description: Cytoplasmic hyaline inclusions of hepatocytes that are predominantly filamentous ranging from a diameter of 3 to 24 nm vs. 10 nm of classical IF. Mallory-Denk bodies can be classified as type I (parallels filaments), II (randomly orient filaments), or III (granular and amorphous). Type II occurs in the periphery while type III occurs around the center. MDB occur in ballooned hepatocytes.


Thin nail

description: Nail that appears thin when viewed on end.


name: Abnormal CSF alpha-aminobutyrate concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of alpha-aminobutyrate in the cerebrospinal fluid.


name: Abnormal platelet phosphatidylserine exposure

description: An abnormality of phosphatidylserine (PS) on activated platelets. PS is normally located on the cytoplasmic face of the resting platelet membrane but appears on the plasma-oriented surface of discrete membrane vesicles that derive from activated platelets. Thrombin, the central molecule of coagulation, is produced from prothrombin by a complex (prothrombinase) between factor Xa and its protein cofactor (factor V(a)) that forms on platelet-derived membranes. This complex enhances the rate of activation of prothrombin to thrombin by roughly 150,000 fold relative to factor X(a) in solution. The negatively charged surface of PS-containing platelet-derived membranes is at least partly responsible for this rate enhancement.


Transient decreased circulating IgG3

description: A temporary reduction beneath the normal level of total immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) in the blood circulation.


Abolished vibration sense

description: A complete loss of the ability to perceive vibration.


Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the biceps

description: Absence or underdevelopment of the biceps muscle.


Supernumerary tarsal bone

description: The presence of an additional tarsal bone that is not one of the canonical tarsal bones (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, navicular, talus, calcaneus).


Atrial arrhythmia

description: A type of supraventricular tachycardia in which the atria are the principal site of electrophysiologic disturbance.


name: Difficulty recognizing another's emotions

description: A difficulty in being able to understand the emotions of other people. This can range from recognizing emotions from facial expressions to an inability to empathize with others when they describe their feelings


polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

description: Fibrous dysplasia affecting more than one bone. When it is associated with café-au-lait skin pigmentation and endocrine disorders, it is known as McCune-Albright syndrome.


name: Abnormal cerebral white matter morphology

description: An abnormality of the cerebral white matter.


Aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle

description: Absence of the pectoralis major muscle.


name: Abnormal circulating proline concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of proline or a proline metabolite in the blood circulation.


name: Stippling of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger.


Bronchocele

description: A bronchocele is bronchial dilatation due to retained secretions (mucoid impaction) usually caused by proximal obstruction, either congenital (eg, bronchial atresia) or acquired (eg, obstructing cancer). A bronchocele is a tubular or branching Y-or V-shaped structure that may resemble a gloved finger. The CT attenuation of the mucus is generally that of soft tissue but may be modified by its composition (eg, high-attenuation material in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis). In the case of bronchial atresia, the surrounding lung may be of decreased attenuation because of reduced ventilation and, thus, perfusion.


name: Focal impaired awareness orofacial automatism seizure

description: A type of focal automatism seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure and is characterized by orofacial automatisms at onset.


name: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

description: Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction can occur at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level. In general, there is an obstruction to forward flow which increases afterload, and if untreated, can result in hypertrophy, dilatation, and eventual failure of the left ventricle.


name: Fragmentation of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd finger

description: Fragmented appearance of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd finger.


name: Bicuspid aortic valve with right-noncoronary cusp fusion

description: A type of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) characterized by a single raphe between the right and noncoronary cusps (RN fusion pattern). This results in two leaflets with right-left leaflet orientation (also called the atypical pattern). There is thus one completely developed left cusp, two completely developed commissures, and one raphe between the underdeveloped right and noncoronary coronary cusps extending to the corresponding malformed commissure.


Increased CSF tryptophan concentration

description: Abnormally increased levels of tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid.


Autophony

description: Hearing one's own voice resonating loudly in the ear.


Chiari malformation type I

description: Arnold-Chiari malformation type I is a central nervous system malformation characterized by caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils exceeding 5mm below the foramen magnum with or without syringomyelia. Symptoms vary in onset and severity and include suboccipital headache, neck pain, vertigo, tinnitus, ocular symptoms (diplopia, blurred vision, photofobia, nystagmus), lower cranial nerve signs, cerebellar ataxia, and spasticity. Some affected individuals can be asymptomatic.


name: Abnormal CSF aspartate family amino acid concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of aspartate-family amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid.


name: Stippling of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the hallux

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the distal phalanx of the hallux.


Abnormal ascending aorta morphology

description: Any structural anomaly of the portion of the aorta that arises from the base of the left ventricle and extends upward to the aortic arch and from which the coronary arteries arise.


name: Increased annexin V binding to platelet phosphatidylserine

description: Elevated binding of annexin V to platelet membrane, which is mediated by exposed phosphatidylserine. This can be measured by flow cytometry.


name: Oligoclonal elevation of circulating IgE

description: An increase in circulating IgE characterized by two or more bands in serum electrophoresis but not the broad diffuse band that characterizes a polyclonal increase in circulating immunoglobulins.


name: Triangular shaped distal phalanx of the 5th toe


name: Renal interstitial IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration

description: An increased number of IgG4+ plasma cells in the interstitial space of the kidney.


Abnormal third toe morphology

description: An anomaly of the third toe.


Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the 5th finger

description: A small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic 5th finger.


name: Osteolytic defects of the phalanges of the 3rd finger

description: Dissolution or degeneration of bone tissue of the phalanges of the 3rd finger.


Mitten deformity

description: Fusion of the hands and feet by a thin membrane of skin (scarring) seen in forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and leading to a "mitten" hand deformity.


name: Stippling of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger.


name: Osteolytic defects of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger

description: Dissolution or degeneration of bone tissue of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger.


Alexithymia

description: A deficit in emotional awareness is characterized by difficulties in recognizing and expressing feelings and emotions. This deficit manifests as a limited ability to respond to facial cues or other signs of emotions in others, often accompanied by detached connections to others.


Metatarsal fracture

description: A partial or complete breakage of a metatarsal bone.


name: Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the central nervous system

description: Absence or underdevelopment of tissue in the central nervous system.


torsion dystonia

description: Sustained involuntary muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements of the body.


name: Supraventricular tachycardia with a manifest accessory pathway on the left free wall


Abnormal 5th metacarpal morphology

description: Any abnormality of the fifth metacarpal bone.


Low-grade vesicoureteral reflux

description: Vesicoureteral reflux without dilation of the renal calyces (Grade I-II).


Nevus psiloliparus

description: Nevus psiloliparus is a rare fatty tissue nevus that is a marker for encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a neurocutaneous syndrome with ocular and central nervous system anomalies. Clinically, nevus psiloliparus is often described as a congenital alopecia and appears as an irregularly shaped, circumscribed area of alopecia on the scalp. Histopathology demonstrates a near-complete absence of mature hair follicles with preservation of arrector pili muscles and mature adipocytes within the dermis.


Abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex

description: An abnormality of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The VOR attempts to keep the image stable on the retina. Ideally passive or active head movements in one direction are compensated for by eye movements of equal magnitude.


nerve compression syndrome

description: Any nerve disorder caused by the entrapment and compression of a nerve.


name: Anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the brachiocephalic artery

description: The left common carotid artery normally originates from the aortic arch. This term refers to an origin of this artery from the brachiocephalic artery.


Physiological reactivity to cues

description: Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).


Single trichilemmoma

description: Presence of a unitary trichilemmoma, a benign tumor originating from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.


name: Focal impaired awareness hyperkinetic seizure

description: A focal hyperkinetic seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure.


Biventricular hypertrophy

description: Thickening of the heart walls in both ventricles.


Talipes equinovalgus

description: A deformity of foot and ankle in which the foot is bent down and outwards.


prosopagnosia

description: Impaired ability to recognize other human faces in the absence of a vision disorder. It may be a congenital disorder or the result of brain injury.


Hobby horse gait

description: An abnormal gait characterized by toe walking, stiff legs, and skipping. The gait pattern has some resemblance to cock-walk gait, but affected individuals are able to improve their dystonic gait by walking backward.


name: Stippling of the epiphyses of the 2nd finger

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the 2nd finger.


Fragmentation of thumb epiphysis

description: Epiphysis of the thumb having multiple bony fragments.


Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the midbrain

description: Absence or underdevelopment of the midbrain (mesencephalon).


name: Neonatal electro-clinical sequential seizure

description: Neonatal electro-clinical sequential motor seizure is a type of neonatal electro-clinical seizure where the predominant feature cannot be detected because of seizures presenting with a variety of clinical and electrographic signs, often changing lateralization within or between seizures.


Amplification of emotional expression

description: An increase in the tendency of a person to express emotions compared to that person's previous norm.


name: Anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against muscle specific kinase (anti-MuSK Ab).


Talar aplasia

description: Absent talus owing to a congenital defect.


trophoblastic neoplasm

description: A gestational or non-gestational neoplasm composed of neoplastic trophoblastic cells. Representative examples include hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma.


Right atrial thrombus

description: A thrombus (i.e., a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system) located in the right atrium of the heart.


Interstitial dermal edema

description: Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the skin. This finding can be appreciated my microscopic examination of a skin biopsy.


penile neoplasm

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant neoplasm that affects the penis. Representative examples include penile hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.


Peripheral axon spheroid formation

description: Axonal spheroids are bubble-like biological features that form on most degenerating axons.


name: Two carpal ossification centers present at birth


Abnormal pharynx morphology

description: A structural anomaly of the pharynx.


name: Abnormal cardiomyocyte mitochondrial morphology

description: An anomaly of the structure of mitochondria within cardiomyocytes.


Spastic paraparetic gait

description: A type of spastic gait in which the legs are usually slightly bent at the hip and in an adducted position. The knees are extended or slightly bent and the feet are in a plantar flexion position. This posture requires circumduction of the legs during walking. The gait may appear stiff (spastic gait disorder) or stiff as well as insecure (spastic ataxic gait disorder). In spastic paraparetic gait, each leg appears to be dragged forward. If the muscle tone in the adductors is marked, the resulting gait disorder is referred to as scissor gait.


Verrucous papule

description: A wartlike (with multiple small elevated projections) papule.


name: Elevated circulating 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine concentration

description: Concentration of 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine (C6-OH) in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.


Recurrent cerebral hemorrhage

description: Recurrent bleeding into the parenchyma of the brain.


Abnormal nasal tip morphology

description: An abnormality of the nasal tip.


name: Increased serum bile acid concentration during pregnancy


Polycalycosis

description: Increased number of calices of the kidney.


Pericardial constriction

description: Compression of the heart caused by rigid, thickened, or fused pericardial membranes.


Pectus carinatum

description: A deformity of the chest caused by overgrowth of the ribs and characterized by protrusion of the sternum.


Dysplastic tricuspid valve

description: A congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve characterized by leaflet deformation.


pulmonary artery hypoplasia

description: Underdevelopment of the pulmonary artery.


Focal emotional seizure with paranoia

description: Focal emotional seizure with paranoia is characterized by the presence of paranoia as an expressed or observed emotion at the outset of the seizure.


PAS-positive lymphocyte vacuolization

description: Presence of lymphocytes with positive staining for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) cytoplasmic vacuoles.


name: Single atrioventricular valve regurgitation

description: Regurgitation of the single atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) in the context of a congenital heart defect with a single ventricle. Roughly three quarters of patients following Fontan procedure display AVVR.


Social Anxiety

description: Excessive fear of embarrassment, humiliation, or rejection when exposed to possible negative evaluation by others when engaged in a public performance or social interaction.


Increased CSF lactate

description: Increased concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid.


Abnormal second heart sound

description: Any anomaly of the second heart sound (S2), which is produced by aortic (A2) and pulmonic (P2) valve closure. The A2-P2 interval normally increases with inspiration and narrows with expiration.


Camptodactyly of 2nd-5th fingers

description: The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second to fifth fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.


Chronic acidosis

description: Longstanding abnormal acid accumulation or depletion of base.


Focal autonomic seizure

description: An autonomic seizure is a type of focal non-motor seizure characterized by alteration of autonomic nervous system function as the initial semiological feature.


name: Abnormal urine hexanoylglycine concentration

description: Abnormal concentration of hexanoylglycine in the urine.


name: Abnormal circulating phenylalanine concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the blood circulation.


Meconium peritonitis

description: Peritonitis caused by intrauterine intestinal rupture and spillage of fetal meconium into the fetal peritoneal cavity. Intra-peritoneal meconium usually calcifies, sometimes within 24 hours. Ultrasound findings may include intraabdominal calcifications.


Gastrojejunal tube feeding in infancy

description: Feeding problem necessitating gastrojejunal tube feeding.


Tongue myxoma

description: A myxoma (benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of spindle and stellate cells, lobulated growth pattern, and myxoid stroma formation) localized in the tongue.


Maternal teratogenic exposure

description: A medical history of exposure of the mother of a child or fetus to a teratogenic substance during pregnancy.


Intrathoracic hemangioma

description: A hemangioma, a benign tumor of the vascular endothelial cells, that is located in the intrathoracic or chest region.


Thymic hormone decreased

description: A reduction in the level of thymic horomone.


name: EEG with centrotemporal epileptiform discharges

description: Focal epileptiform EEG discharges recorded in the centrotemporal region.


Moderate postnatal growth retardation

description: A moderate degree of slow or limited growth after birth, being between three and four standard deviations below age- and sex-related norms.


name: Anti-steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase.


Episodic hypokalemia

description: An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood occurring periodically with a return to normal between the episodes.


Yellow nails

description: Yellowish discoloration of the nails.


cutaneous pseudolymphoma

description: A pseudolymphoma of the skin.


Bilobed right lung

description: A developmental defect of pulmonary lobation characterized by the presence of only two lobes of the right lung.


Migratory erythematous plaque

description: A migratory, centrifugal, erythematous, tender, non-purpuric, and well-demarcated plaque. This feature may be observed in TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome, in which it often occurs together with migratory myalgia in muscles located underneath the affected areas of skin.


Focal emotional seizure with anger

description: Focal emotional seizure with anger is characterized by the presence of anger, as an expressed or observed emotion, at the outset of the seizure. It may be accompanied by aggressive behavior.


Subcortical cerebral atrophy

description: Atrophy of the cerebral subcortical white and gray matter, termed subcortical atrophy, reflects loss of nerve cells in the basal ganglia or fibers in the deep white matter.


Abnormal B cell proliferation

description: Any abnormality in the multiplication or reproduction of B cells, which results in the expansion of a cell population.


polyneuritis

description: Inflammation of several peripheral nerves.


Abnormal Intonation

description: Abnormal rise and fall of the voice in speech and vocalization.


Abnormal pituitary gland morphology

description: An anomaly of the pituitary gland.


aspartylglucosaminuria

description: Aspartylglycosaminuria (AGU) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease belonging to the oligosaccharidosis group (also called glycoproteinosis).


Atrophic superior cerebellar peduncle

description: Atrophy of the superior cerebellar peduncle.


name: Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger

description: Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.


Masseter muscular weakness

description: Reduced strength of the masseter muscle, whose primary function is to elevate the mandible and thereby raise the mandible towards the maxilla, closing the jaw.


Flexion contracture of toe

description: One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively.


supratentorial cancer

description: Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and brain STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation.


Focal aware clonic seizure

description: A type of focal clonic seizure during which awareness is fully retained throughout.


Ventricular escape rhythm

description: A ventricular escape rhythm occurs whenever higher-lever pacemakers in AV junction or sinus node fail to control ventricular activation. Escape rate is usually 20-40 bpm, often associated with broad QRS complexes (at least 120 ms).


name: Ivory epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

description: Sclerosis of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the little finger, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays.


name: Elevated circulating ribitol concentration

description: The concentration of ribitol in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.


Small finger

description: Significant reduction in both length and girth of the finger compared to the contralateral finger, or alternatively, compared to a typical finger size for an age-matched individual.


Fractured metacarpal bone of digit 1

description: A partial or complete breakage of the metacarpal bone of digit 1.


Enlargement of parotid gland

description: Increased size of the parotid gland.


Hyperglutamatemia

description: Concentration of glutamate in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.


Hyperkinetic status epilepticus

description: Status epilepticus characterized by continuous hyperkinetic proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements such as pedaling pelvic thrusting, thrashing, or rocking movements.


Fractured talus

description: A partial or complete breakage of the talus.


Large knee

description: Abnormally increased size of the knee joint.


Paroxysmal drowsiness

description: A neurological disorder marked by a sudden recurrent uncontrollable compulsion to sleep


name: Tip variant segmental glomerulosclerosis

description: Segmental solidification of the glomerular tuft characterized by an adhesion at the tip of the glomerular tuft abutting the proximal tubular taek-off can be accompanied by increased extracellular matrix, causing glomerular capillary obliteration at the glomerular tip. Features including hyalinosis, foam cells, hypertrophy of overlying glomerular epithelial cells can also be observed.


Curved middle phalanx of the 2nd finger

description: Curved appearance of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger.


Oral melanoacanthoma

description: Oral melanoacanthoma usually presents as an asymptomatic, ill-defined, rapidly enlarging, macular pigmentation. Although most lesions are heavily pigmented, the coloration may or may not be uniform. Any mucosal site may be affected, but buccal mucosal involvement is most common. Although typically solitary, rare patients may present with multifocal lesions.


name: Increased proportion of CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells

description: An abnormally elevated proportion of CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells compared to the total number of T cells in the blood. These cells have the phenotype CD45RO and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high.


name: Decreased circulating thyroglobulin concentration

description: The concentration of thyroglobulin in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal.


Hypoproteinemic edema

description: An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin, or in one or more cavities of the body because of decreased osmotic pressure of plasma (hypoproteinemia).


Delayed peripheral myelination

description: Delayed myelination in the peripheral nervous system.


paroxysmal dyskinesia

description: Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD) is a rare heterogenous group of movement disorders manifesting as abnormal involuntary movements that recur episodically and last only a brief time. PD includes paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED) and a variant form of PKD, infantile convulsion and choreoathetosis (ICCA syndrome).


name: Elevated circulating inhibin A concentration

description: The concentration of inibin A in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.


name: Abnormal circulating UDP glucose-4-epimerase concentration

description: An abnormality in uridine diphosphate glucose-4-epimerase level in plasma. Uridine diphosphate glucose-4-epimerase catalyzes the reaction: UDP-glucose = UDP-galactose.


name: Abnormality of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd toe


Upper limb muscle hypertrophy

description: Abnormal increase in muscle size and mass of one or both arms not due to training.


name: Fragmentation of the metacarpal epiphyses

description: Fragmented appearance of the epiphyses of the metacarpals.


Patchy sclerosis of 5th toe phalanx

description: Patchy (irregular) increase in bone density of one or more of the phalanges of the fifth toe. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays.


Generalized morning stiffness

description: A sensation of stiffness in the joints that occurs following waking up in the morning.


name: Patchy sclerosis of the distal phalanx of the 4th toe

description: Uneven increase in bone density of the distal phalanx of the fourth toe. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays.


name: Increased circulating creatine kinase MM isoform

description: An increased concentration of the MM isoform of creatine kinase in the blood circulation.


Regional abnormality of skin

description: An abnormality of the skin that is restricted to a particular body region.


Absent Achilles reflex

description: Absence of the Achilles reflex (also known as the ankle jerk reflex), which can normally be elicited by tapping the tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed.


name: Abnormal basal ganglia MRI signal intensity

description: A deviation from normal signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia.


Temporal artery tortuosity

description: The presence of an increased number of twists and turns of the temporal artery.


Acute respiratory distress syndrome

description: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as an acute disorder that starts within seven days of the inciting event and is characterized by bilateral lung infiltrates and severe progressive hypoxemia in the absence of any evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. ARDS is defined by the patient's oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) to the fraction of the oxygen in the inspired air (FiO2). These patients have a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than 300.


Hemihypotrophy of lower limb

description: Shortening of a leg affecting only one side.


name: Abnormal circulating amino sulfonic acid concentration


Absent pigmentation of the limbs

description: Lack of skin pigmentation (coloring) of the arms and legs.


Abnormal placenta morphology

description: An abnormality of the placenta, the organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to enable nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange.


name: Fractured epiphysis of third metacarpal bone

description: A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of third metacarpal bone.


Abnormal morphology of the radius

description: An abnormality of the radius.


name: Complete duplication of proximal phalanx of the thumb

description: Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits.


Patchy sclerosis of thumb phalanx

description: An uneven increase in bone density of one or more of the phalanges of the thumb.


Eosinophilic liver infiltration

description: Cellular infiltration of the liver parenchyma with a preponderance of eosinophils.


Isothenuria

description: Inability of the kidneys to produce either concentrated or dilute urine.


name: Reduced epidermal keratin protein expression

description: Amount of one or more keratins in the epidermis below the lower limit of normal. The findiong is typically ascertained by immunofluorescent microscopy.


name: Stippling of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 4th finger

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 4th finger.


name: lysosomal storage disease with skeletal involvement


name: Irregular epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger


Metaphyseal spurs

description: Bony outgrowths that extend laterally from the margin of the metaphysis.


name: Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

description: Failure to form (agenesis) of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the hallux.


name: Contracture of proximal interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th fingers

description: Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th fingers due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.


Exostoses of hand bones

description: Abnormal formation of new bone on the surface of a bone of the hand.


Eyelid myoclonia seizure

description: An eyelid myoclonia seizure is a type of generalized myoclonic seizure which may or may not be associated with loss of awareness.


Torn oral frenulum

description: Laceration or tear of an oral frenulum, flaps of mucous membrane that extend from the midline gingiva to the upper or lower lip.


name: Osseous atresia of the external auditory canal


Occipital neuralgia

description: A distinct type of headache characterized by piercing, throbbing, or electric-shock-like chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head, and behind the ears, usually on one side.


Vertebral arch anomaly

description: A morphological abnormality of the vertebral arch, i.e., of the posterior part of a vertebra.


Hypophenylalaninemia

description: A decreased amount of phenylalanine in the blood.


description: Renal tubulointerstitial infiltration of mycobacteria identified on acid-fast or Fite stains. Can be associated with granulomatous inflammation.


name: Anti-side-chain cleavage enzyme antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), which is encoded by CYP11A1 cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (Gene ID:1583).


Peripheral hypomyelination

description: Reduced amount of myelin in the nervous system resulting from defective myelinogenesis in the peripheral nervous system.


name: Decreased proportion of central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cells

description: A reduced proportion of central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cells compared to the total number of T cells in the blood. These cells have the phenotype of CCR7-positive, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


Broad ischia

description: Increased width of the ischium, which forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.


Abnormal meningeal morphology

description: An abnormality of the Meninges, including any abnormality of the Dura mater, the Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater.


Perivascular cardiac fibrosis

description: A type of myocardial fibrosis characterized by excessive diffuse collagen accumulation concentrated in perivascular spaces.


knuckle pads

description: Benign skin fibromas, typically occurring over the small joints of the hands and feet, that are associated with repetitive friction or pressure.


Increased circulating IgG2 level

description: An abnormally increased concentration of the IgG2 subtype in the blood circulation.


Small vessel vasculitis

description: A type of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessel walls) that affects blood vessels that are smaller than arteries, i.e., arterioles, venules, and capilllaries.


Distal symphalangism of hands

description: The term distal symphalangism refers to a bony fusion of the distal and middle phalanges of the digits of the hand, in other words the distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ) is missing which can be seen either on x-rays or as an absence of the distal interphalangeal finger creases.


Enlarged epiphyses of the 4th finger

description: Abnormally large size of the epiphyses of the 4th finger with respect to age-dependent norms.


name: Aplasia of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger

description: Absence of the distal phalanx of the middle (3rd) finger.


Hypoplastic aortic arch

description: Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta.


name: Anti-neutrophil elastase antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against neutrophil elastase.


name: Symphalangism of middle phalanx of 5th finger

description: Fusion of the middle phalanx of the 5th finger with another bone.


Irregular iliac crest

description: Irregularity of the iliac crest, which is the superior border of the wing of the ilium.


description: Infiltration of microorganisms into renal tubulointerstitial tissues as observed by appropriate staining procedures, e.g., bacteria on a bacterial stain (Brown and Hopps) or fungi on PAS or silver stain.


Anti-lamin A antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against lamin A.


Abnormality of mylohyoid muscle

description: An abnormality of a mylohyoid muscle.


name: Abnormality of circulating catecholamine level

description: An abnormal catecholamine concentration in the blood.


Intestinal edema

description: Accumulation of cell free, noninflammatony fluid within the wall of the intestinal tract producing uniform thickening of the mucosal folds.


tumor of adipose tissue

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the adipose tissue.


name: Abnormality of the reflex of the tensor tympani muscle


Problematic alcohol consumption

description: Impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences.


name: Abnormality of the epiphyses of the 2nd toe


name: Reduced response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test

description: Failure of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test to induce an appropriate increased in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.


name: Cone-shaped epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

description: A cone-shaped appearance of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb of the hand, producing a 'ball-in-a-socket' appearance. This epiphysis is located at the proximal end of the phalanx and is normally nearly flat. The related entity 'angel-shaped' epiphysis refers to a pronounced cone-shaped epiphysis in combination with a pseudoepiphysis at the distal end of the phalanx. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits.


name: Focal friction-related palmoplantar hyperkeratosis

description: Hyperkeratosis affecting the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot in areas exposed to friction.


EEG with focal slow activity

description: Focal (localized) slow activity reflects focal dysfunction, not diffuse dysfunction (i.e., encephalopathy).


Isoleucinuria

description: An increased concentration of isoleucine in the urine.


mucolipidosis type II

description: Mucolipidosis II (MLII) is a slowly progressive lysosomal disorder characterized by growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, facial dysmorphism, stiff skin, developmental delay and cardiomegaly.


renal tubular dysgenesis

description: Renal tubular dysgenesis is a rare disorder of the fetus characterized by absent or poorly developed proximal tubules of the kidneys, persistent oligohydramnios, leading to Potter sequence (facial dysmorphism with large and flat low-set ears, lung hypoplasia arthrogryposis and limb positioning defects), and skull ossification defects. It can be acquired during fetal development due to drugs taken by the mother or certain disorders (twin-twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS) or inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.


name: Abnormal lateral cricoarytenoid muscle morphology

description: Any structural abnormality of a lateral crico-arytenoid muscle, which extends from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, and can adduct the vocal cords, which closes the rima glottidis and thereby protects the airway.


Chronic absent circulating total IgG

description: A lasting absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the blood, whereby at most trace quantities of IgG can be measured.


Fetal subependymal hemorrhage

description: A type of fetal intracranial hemorrhage located in the subependymal germinal matrix below the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles in the caudothalamic notch.


Anarthria

description: A defect in the motor ability that enables speech.


Decreased renal parenchymal thickness

description: Reduced dimension of the solid part of the kidney (parenchyma, the renal cortex and medulla) as measured from the collecting system (renal calyces and pelvis) to the border of the kidney. This measurement can be performed by measuring the thickness of the parenchyma in computed tomography scans.


name: Advanced ossification of the humeral epiphysis

description: Ossification of the humeral epiphysis at an earlier age than normal.


name: Increased CSF homovanillic acid concentration

description: Elevated concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA) in the cerebrospinal fluid. HVA is a metabolite of dopamine.


Increased sputum production

description: An increase in the amount of airway mucus. This feature may be characterized by frequent or excessive throat clearing (exhalation through tightly constricted laryngopharyngeal tissues accompanied by vibration of the palatoglossal arch and the vocal folds serving to clear mucus from the airway).


name: Elevated circulating octanoylcarnitine concentration

description: Concentration of octanoylcarnitine (C8:0) in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.


soft tissue neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the soft tissue. The most common types are lipomatous (fatty), vascular, smooth muscle, fibrous, and fibrohistiocytic neoplasms.


Thoracic hypertrichosis

description: Excessive, increased hair growth located in the thoracic region.


name: Partial duplication of the phalanges of the 2nd finger

description: A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 2nd finger. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones.


name: Renal arteriole intima/media storage material accumulation

description: Deposition of storage material other than amyloid (glycogen, glycosphingolipid in Fabry's disease, sphingomyelin in Nieman Pick disease, glucosylceramide in Gaucher's disease, gangliosides, mucopolysaccahrides, phytanic acid in Refsum disease) in the inner or middle layer of the arterioles of the kidney.


Cotton wool plaques

description: Deposition of large, diffuse cotton wool amyloid plaques (CWPs) lacking a dense core and associated neuritic changes.


aortopulmonary window

description: A rare, congenital anomaly in the aorta in which a communication exists between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery.


congenital factor XII deficiency

description: Congenital factor XII deficiency is an autosomal recessive systemic dysfunction of the hemostatic pathway, that is due to a defect in the coagulation factor XII (FXII or Hageman factor), and is either asymptomatic or characterized by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and an increased risk for thromboembolism. FXII deficiency is strongly associated with primary recurrent abortions.


Duplication of phalanx of the 4th toe

description: Partial or complete duplication of phalanx of fourth toe.


name: Ivory epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger

description: Sclerosis of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the little finger, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays.


Flared distal tibial metaphysis

description: The presence of a splayed (i.e.,flared) metaphyseal segment of the distal tibia.


Addictive spending behavior

description: An uncontrollable urge to shop and spend money can lead to distress or impairment.


Anti-GQ1b antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against ganglioside Q1b.


Pulmonary granulomatosis

description: The presence of multiple granulomata (small nodular inflammatory lesions containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes) in the lung.


Defective B cell activation

description: A reduced ability of a B cell to become activated, i.e., the change in morphology and behavior of


nodular malignant melanoma

description: An aggressive form of melanoma, frequently metastasizing to the lymph nodes. It presents as a papular or nodular raised skin lesion. It comprises approximately 10-15% of melanomas. Morphologically, it often displays an epithelioid appearance.


Abnormal ilium morphology

description: An abnormality of the ilium, the largest and uppermost bone of the pelvis.


name: Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the phalanges of the 4th toe


colloid cysts of third ventricle

description: Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are non-cancerous brain lesions. The third ventricle is a cavity in the brain that is filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Colloid cysts can cause blockages resulting in a build up of CSF in the brain (hydrocephalus) and increased pressure. Some colloid cysts are asymptomatic while others cause neurological symptoms, such as headaches, swelling of the optic nerve (papilledema), and drop attacks. When symptoms are present onset tends to be in the third to sixth decade of life. While uncommon, symptoms of colloid cyst can become life threatening.


Scissor gait

description: A type of spastic paraparetic gait in which the muscle tone in the adductors is marked. It is characterized by hypertonia and flexion in the legs, hips and pelvis accompanied by extreme adduction leading to the knees and thighs hitting, or sometimes even crossing, in a scissors-like movement. The opposing muscles (abductors) become comparatively weak from lack of use.


Pulmonary cavity

description: A gas-filled space, seen as lucency or low-attenuation area, within a nodule, mass or area of parenchymal consolidations. It has a clearly defined wall over 4 mm thick.


name: Epiphyseal stippling of finger phalanges

description: The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of phalanges of the fingers.


Abnormal molar morphology

description: An abnormality of morphology of molar tooth.


Acromesomelia

description: Small hands and feet.


name: Abnormal diffusion weighted cerebral MRI morphology

description: A diffusion abnormality observed in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Molecular diffusion refers to the notion that any type of molecule in a fluid (eg, water) is randomly displaced as the molecule is agitated by thermal energy. Restricted diffusion of water appears bright on diffusion-weighted images.


Bilateral cleft lip

description: A non-midline cleft of the upper lip on the left and right sides.


Radial club hand

description: Wrist is bent inward toward the thumb because of a congenital defect associated with shortening or absence of the radius.


Abnormal radial artery morphology

description: Any structural anomaly of the radial artery.


Abnormal brain morphology

description: A structural abnormality of the brain, which has as its parts the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.


urachal cyst

description: Urachal cyst is a congenital urachal anomaly characterized by a failure of complete closure of the urachus, in which both ends are closed but the central lumen remains patent. It is typically asymptomatic but may become clinically significant when infected, presenting as a mass in the umbilical region accompanied by abdominal pain and fever.


Irregular thumb epiphysis

description: Uneven radiographic opacity of the one or more epiphyses of the thumb.


Tapered metacarpals

description: Metacarpal that becomes thinner toward the distal end.


Avulsion fractured humerus

description: A fractured in which a fragment of the humerus tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma.


Focal aware sexual automatism seizure

description: A type of focal automatism seizure characterized by involuntary sexual behavior at onset and during which awareness is fully retained throughout.


Microvillus inclusions

description: The presence of vacuoles bearing centripetal microvilli in small gut villus enterocytes.


name: Anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery from the descending aorta

description: Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery from the descending aorta. The right subclavian artery normally arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, which divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery.


name: EEG with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges

description: Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs)are periodic, lateralized, and epileptiform. PLEDs show a relatively constant interval between discharges (0.5 to 3 seconds).


High iliac wing

description: Increased height of the wing (or ala) of the ilium (which is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally).


name: Pseudoepiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 3rd toe


Hypoplasia of the nasal bone

description: Underdevelopment of the nasal bone.


Colonic inertia

description: The inability of the colon to modify stool to an acceptable consistency and move the stool from the cecum to the rectosigmoid area at least once every three days.


Broad-based gait

description: An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.


name: Elevated circulating acetone concentration

description: An increased level of acetone in the blood circulation. Acetone is one of the predominant ketone bodies.


Anticardiolipin IgM antibody positivity

description: The presence of circulating IgM autoantibodies to cardiolipin.


Extramedullary hematopoiesis

description: The process of hematopoiesis occurring outside of the bone marrow (in the liver, thymus, and spleen) in the postnatal organisms.


Hypoplasia of the premaxilla

description: An abnormality of the premaxilla (the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxilla) causing it to appear relatively small in size compared to the other parts of the maxilla or other facial structures.


Generalized hypopigmentation of hair

description: Reduced pigmentation of hair diffusely.


name: Elevated circulating thymidine concentration

description: Concentration of thymidine in the blood circulation above the normal range.


name: Linear IgA deposits along the epidermal basement membrane zone

description: Presence of IgA antibodies in the dermoepidermal junction that are distributed in a linear pattern. This feature can be appreciated by immunofluorescence microscopy.


Abnormal insertion of umbilical cord

description: Anomalous location of the insertion of umbilical cord in the placenta. Normally, the insertion is at least two centimers distant from the edge of the placenta.


name: Absent epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger

description: Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger.


Papulovesicular eruption

description: An acute onset rash characterized by by multiple vesicles, which are circumscribed, fluid-containing, epidermal elevations with a diameter less than 10mm at the widest point, and by multiple papules, which are circumscribed, solid epidermal elevations with no visible fluid with a diameter less than 10mm at the widest point.


Iodine contrast allergy

description: Allergy to iodine contrast media used in radiological studies.


Increased adiponectin level

description: An elevated circulating concentration of adiponectin, a 30-kDa complement C1-related protein that is the most abundant secreted protein expressed in adipose tissue.


Abnormal hair quantity

description: An abnormal amount of hair.


gonadoblastoma

description: A mixed germ cell/sex cord-stromal tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells which resemble seminoma cells and small cells which resemble Sertoli or granulosa cells. It occurs in the testis and the ovary and is identified in children and adults. It is often associated with gonadal dysgenesis and abnormal karyotype.


Cerebellar cortical atrophy

description: Atrophy (wasting) of the cerebellar cortex.


name: Abnormal circulating ethanolamine concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of ethanolamine in circulation.


Abnormal pia mater

description: An abnormality of the pia mater.


Arterial tortuosity

description: Abnormal tortuous (i.e., twisted) form of arteries.


Disseminated viral infection

description: A viral infection that fails to be contained by the immune sytem and spreads throughout the body.


Abnormality of the periorbital region

description: An abnormality of the region situated around the orbit of the eye.


mononeuropathy

description: Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ischemia; traumatic injury; compression; connective tissue diseases; cumulative trauma disorders; and other conditions.


name: Absence of intermediate von Willebrand factor multimers

description: Lack of intermediate von Willebrand Factor multimers on gel electrophoresis.


Exploding head syndrome

description: Sleep disorder in which one hears a loud noise or explosive crashing sound in their head. The sound is not real or heard by anyone else. The episode typically happens suddenly, either when beginning to fall asleep or when waking up during the night.


name: Failure to offer information to initiate social interaction

description: An atypically low tendency to offer information as a means to initiate or sustain social interactions or direct another's attention.


Pelvic bone asymmetry

description: Pelvic asymmetry refers to asymmetric positioning of landmarks on the two sides of the pelvis and may have a structural or functional etiology.


Anti-Sm antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react to seven proteins that consist of a core of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles.


didelphys uterus

description: A malformation of the uterus in which the uterus is present as a paired organ as a result of the failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts during embryogenesis.


name: Decreased circulating IgG subclass level

description: A reduction below the normal concentration of a subclass of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the blood.


Hemihypsarrhythmia

description: Hypsarrhythmia occurring in one hemisphere.


name: Deviation of the hand or of fingers of the hand

description: Displacement of the hand or of fingers of the hand from their normal position.


name: Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery from ascending aorta

description: The right pulmonary artery originates from the ascending aorta in the presence of a pulmonary valve and main pulmonary artery.


Bifid distal phalanx of the thumb

description: Partial duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. Depending on the severity, the appearance on x-ray can vary from a notched phalanx (the duplicated bone is almost completely fused with the phalanx) to a partially fused appearance of the two bones.


Hyperactive Achilles reflex

description: Increased intensity of the Achilles reflex.


Fetal pyelectasis

description: Mild pyelectasis is defined as a hypoechoic spherical or elliptical space within the renal pelvis that measures at least 5mm and not more than 10 mm. The measurement is taken on a transverse section through the fetal renal pelvis using the maximum anterior-to-posterior measurement.


Accessory oral frenulum

description: Extra fold of tissue extending from the alveolar ridge to the inner surface of the upper or lower lip.


Telangiectasia of the ear

description: The presence of telangiectasia of the ear.


Patchy osteosclerosis

description: Patchy (irregular) increase in bone density. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays.


Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia

description: Increase in the number of type II pneumocytes.


name: Diminishment of emotional responsiveness

description: A reduction in the tendency of a person to display emotional responsiveness or empathy towards others during interpersonal interactions as compared to that person's previous norm.


Mild oligozoospermia

description: A type of oligozoospermia characterized by a total number of more than 30 but less than 39 million sperm in the ejaculate or a concentration of more than 10 but less than 15 million sperm per milliliter.


Fibrous cardiac diverticulum

description: A fibrous cardiac diverticulum refers to an aneurysm and usually appears as an isolated congenital anomaly.


Arterial intimal fibrosis

description: Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in the tunica intima (innermost layer) of arteries.


Cheyne-Stokes respiration

description: An abnormal pattern of respiration characterized by cycles of respiration that are increasingly deeper then shallower with possible periods of apnea. Affected patients may display a 10 to 20 second episode of hypoventilation or apnea, followed by respiration of increased depth and frequency over the course of about one minute. The cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.


Medial calcification of small arteries

description: Calcification, that is, pathological deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media of small arteries.


Patellar subluxation

description: The kneecap normally is located within the groove termed trochlea on the distal femur and can slide up and down in it. Patellar subluxation refers to an unstable kneecap that does not slide centrally within its groove, i.e., a partial dislocation of the patella.


Increased connective tissue

description: The presence of an abnormally increased amount of connective tissue.


description: Triangular shaped proximal phalanx of the thumb.


name: Pointed proximal second through fifth metacarpals

description: All of the metacarpal bones of the hand have a pointed proximal appearance.


Abnormal cardiac biomarker test

description: Abnormal blood test results measuring creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, troponin (TROPI), myoglobin, and/or cardiac enzymes.


Lower extremity akinesia

description: Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily in the lower extremities.


Leydig cell tumor

description: A sex cord-stromal tumor occurring in the testis and rarely in the ovary. It is predominantly or completely composed of Leydig cells which may contain crystals of Reinke. In males it usually presents as a painless testicular enlargement and it may be associated with gynecomastia and decreased libido. The majority of the cases have a benign clinical course. Approximately 10% of the cases have a malignant clinical course and metastasize. In females it may be associated with androgenic manifestations and it follows a benign clinical course.


Quadruple gallop rhythm

description: A type of gallop rhythm in which both the third and the fourth sounds are present.


name: Abnormal circulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase concentration

description: An anomaly in the level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.


Vaginal stricture

description: A narrowing of the vagina owing to scar formation.


Bronchial telangiectasia

description: Telangiectasias (small dilated blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes) located in the trachoebronchial system.


Cerebral berry aneurysm

description: A small, sac-like aneurysm (outpouching) of a cerebral blood vessel.


Increased factor IX activity

description: Elevated activity of coagulation factor IX. Factor IX, which itself is activated by factor Xa or factor VIIa to form factor IXa, activates factor X into factor Xa.


name: Stippling of the epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand


Ovarian fibrosis

description: Excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix within the ovary.


name: Abnormal circulating alanine concentration

description: An abnormality of an alanine metabolic process.


Amygdala microinfarct

description: An infarct located in the almond-shaped body of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, within the temporal lobe that can only be observed microscopically.


Finger aplasia

description: A developmental defect resulting in the presence of fewer than the normal number of fingers (i.e., aplasia of one or more fingers).


Deflation of the glomerular tuft

description: Wrinkling and folding of the capillaries without epithelial cell (podocyte) hyperplasia (formerly called ischemic type of collapse) involving o 80% of the glomerular tuft. The wrinkling is generally made by small regular folds of the glomerular basement membrane.


Median cleft palate

description: Cleft palate of the midline of the palate.


Underdeveloped nasal alae

description: Thinned, deficient, or excessively arched ala nasi.


Chronic respiratory acidosis

description: Longstanding impairment in ventilation such that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is elevated above the upper limit of the reference range (more than 45 mm Hg), with a normal or near-normal pH secondary to renal compensation and an elevated serum bicarbonate levels (more than30 mEq/L).


name: Absent epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe


Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone

description: A condition in which the pituitary gland is partially resistant to thyroid hormone, so that it continues to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) until the blood level of thyroid hormone rises higher than normal.


large congenital melanocytic nevus

description: A large, or giant, congenital melanocytic nevus (LCMN or GCMN) is a pigmented skin lesion of more than 20 cm - or 40 cm- respectively, projected adult diameter, composed of melanocytes, and presenting with an elevated risk of malignant transformation.


Thick upper lip vermilion

description: Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).


Increased circulating IgG level

description: An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin G in blood.


name: Elevated circulating decenoylcarnitine concentration

description: Concentration of decenoylcarnitine in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.


name: Decreased number of sternal ossification centers

description: A less than normal number of sternal ossification centers. The sternum is initially formed from bilateral sternal plates that chondrify and begin to fuse with ribs at 10 weeks gestational age. Ossification starts in the manubrium and upper part of the sternal body at the 6th month, in the middle of the sternal body at the 7th month, in the lower part of the body during the 1st postnatal year and in the xiphoid process between years 5 and 18. The number of ossification centers vary up to six, and it is the ossification centers that are visualized by prenatal ultrasound. This term describes a reduction in the number of ossification centers compared with age-related norms.


Absent proximal finger flexion creases

description: Absence of the proximal interphalangeal flexion creases of the fingers.


Empty delta sign

description: This sign is created by a nonenhancing thrombus in the dural sinus surrounded by triangular enhancing dura as seen on cross-section. The sign, seen on contrast-enhanced CT scan images, suggests dural sinovenous thrombosis. It is best seen on wider window settings. It is a reliable sign of sinus thrombosis but is seen only in 25-30% of these cases.


Lower limb pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the leg.


Abnormal CSF amyloid concentration

description: Abnormal concentration of amyloid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).


CSF oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands

description: Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands (OCBs) are a useful diagnostic tool to detect a central humoral response. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted OCBs represent a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS).


name: Perivascular small intestinal hyaline deposition

description: Deposition of a largely amorphous hyaline (transparent and homogeneous) substance around blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine.


Periglomerular fibrosis

description: Circumferential fibrosis in the interstitium surrounding Bowman's capsule


Closed comedo

description: A comedo in which the top of the pore is not stretched open and thus does not expose the clogged portion (which would appear black), hence the name whitehead.


Abnormal circulating GABA concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the blood circulation.


Pulmonary artery intimal thickening

description: Increased thickness of the intimal layer of the pulmonary artery. Throughout the pulmonary arterial tree, the thin intima consists of a non-fenestrated monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel lumen, as well as a sub-endothelial interstitium that extends to the internal elastic lamina. Intimal thickness in human lung ranges from 1-16% of total wall thickness. Pulmonary artery intimal thickening can be defined as a relative intima thickness to the thickness of the vessel wall of over 10%.


Quadriceps aplasia

description: Absence of the quadriceps muscle.


name: Decreased circulating antidiuretic hormone concentration

description: Concentration of antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is below the lower limit of normal in the blood circulation.


Renal tubular cyst

description: Tubular lumnal dilatation/prominence lined by simple layer of cuboidal-to-flat tublar epihelial cells.


Abnormal skin morphology

description: Any morphological abnormality of the skin.


Reduced terminal:vellus ratio

description: A terminal:vellus ratio under 4:1 is characteristic of androgenetic alopecia.


Anti-GABA(B)R antibody

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor, i.e., GABA(B)R.


Sadness

description: Intense or excessive feelings of unhappiness are often characterized by feeling down, low, unhappy, or sorrowful.


name: glycogen storage disease due to lactate dehydrogenase H-subunit deficiency

description: A condition that affects how the body breaks down sugar to use as energy in muscle cells. Unlike people with lactate dehydrogenase A deficiency, people with this condition typically do not have any signs or symptoms. It is unclear why this condition does not cause any health problems. Affected people are usually diagnosed when routine blood tests reveal reduced activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. LDHBD is caused by mutations in the LDHB gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.


Aplasia/hypoplasia of the femur

description: Absence or underdevelopment of the femur.


Anomalous tracheal cartilage

description: An abnormality of the C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, normally 16 to 20 in number, that occupy the anterior two-thirds of the circumference of the trachea (the posterior portion of the ring is completed by fibrous and smooth muscle tissue).


name: Fragmentation of the epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal

description: Epiphysis of the 1st metacarpal having multiple bony fragments.


Abnormal renal cortex morphology

description: An abnormality of the cortex of the kidney.


infiltrating lipoma

description: A benign tumor, composed of lobules of mature adipocytes, that penetrates the surrounding tissue from which it arises. There is usually a higher local recurrence rate when compared with non-infiltrating lipomas.


Somatic hallucination

description: A type of hallucination that involves the perception of sensory experiences related to the body or its internal organs, systems, or processes. It is a hallucinatory experience that primarily affects bodily sensations rather than external sensory perceptions.


Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

description: A type of ventricular tachycardia that is characterized by uniform QRS complexes within each lead (i.e., each QRS is identical or nearly so).


Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in liver

description: An abnormal reduction in the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes.


Melanonychia

description: Brown or black discoloration of the nails.


Oral mucosa nodule

description: A palpable, solid lesion greater than 5mm in diameter. that is located in the mucosa of the mouth.


Hand paresthesia

description: Tingling (often refered to as a pins and needles feeling) and numbness in the hand.


name: Arcuate artery endoarterial leukocyte hypercellularity

description: Arcuate artery endoarterial hypercellularity due to increased numbers of white blood cells (leukocytes).


Abnormality of mentalis muscle

description: An abnormality of a mentalis muscle.


name: Underdeveloped superior crus of antihelix

description: Decreased protrusion of the superior crus relative to the prominence of a normal antihelix stem.


P mitrale

description: A broad (120 ms or longer in duration) and bifid P-wave in EKG lead II.


atrioventricular dissociation

description: Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the sinoatrial node and the right atrium (sa block) or between atria and ventricles (av block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.


name: Abnormal posterior circulating artery morphology

description: Any structural anomaly of the posterior circulating artery (PCOM).


Thin glomerular basement membrane

description: Decreased thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), measured from endothelial to visceral epithelial plasma membrane and mainly attributable to a decrease in thickness of the lamina densa, generally to an overall thickness more than 2 standard deviations less than that of the normal mean GBM thickness for health age- and sex matched individuals. May be focal or diffuse, although the term thin GBMs generally implies thinning of over 50% of GBMs.


Elevated urine N-acetyltyrosine level

description: The amount of N-acetyltyrosine in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.


name: Symphalangism of middle phalanx of 2nd finger

description: Fusion of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger with another bone.


brachydactyly type E1

description: Any brachydactyly type E in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HOXD13 gene.


name: Glomerular basement membranes powdery deposit

description: Punctate electron-dense material typically in a band-like distribution along the lamina rara interna and within tubular basement membranes within the subendothelial aspect of the glomerular basement membrane.


Decreased DLCO

description: Reduced ability of the lungs to transfer gas from inspired air to the bloodstream as measured by the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) test.


Fetal ultrasound soft marker

description: An finding upon obstetric ultrasound examination performed at around 16 to 20 weeks of gestation that is abnormal but not clearly identifiable as a fetal anatomic malformation or growth restriction. Such findings are known as soft markers since they are associated with increased risk for fetal aneuploidy or other disorders.


Cementum hypoplasia

description: The decrease or absence of cementum. The cementum anchors the periodontal ligament attachment fiber between the tooth root and the alveolar bone. Its absence leads to early loss of teeth.


Amelia involving the lower limbs

description: Amelia of one or both legs.


Upper limb dysmetria

description: A lack of coordination of arm movement manifested by undershoot or overshoot of the intended position of the arm.


Accessory carpal bones

description: The presence of more than the normal number of carpal bones.


Septic pulmonary embolism

description: Embolization of intravascular thrombus containing microorganisms into the pulmonary parenchyma via arterial system. Septic pulmonary embolism (PE) can be associated with multiple additional clinical manifestations such as fever, tachypnea, and hemoptysis. This HPO term refers to the finding of the septic embolus in the lung, which can be inferred from radiological findings. Typical radiographic features of septic PE include patchy air space lesions simulating non-specific bronchopneumonia; multiple ill defined round or wedge shaped densities of varying sizes from approximately 0.5 to 3.5 cm located peripherally; lesions abutting the pleura and located at the end of vessels (feeding vessel sign) seen on chest CT scans. Other pulmonary features suggesting septic PE include bilateral, occasional unilateral, rapid progression of cavities or abscess formations.


name: 46,XY disorder of sex development due to 5-alpha-reductase 2 deficiency

description: A rare disorder of sex development (DSD) due to a defect in metabolizing testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and characterized by incomplete intrauterine masculinization which ranges from a female genitalia with a blind vaginal pouch to a fully male phenotype with pseudovaginal posterior hypospadias and micropenis.


Nevus spilus

description: A tan, regularly bordered patch with darker macules within the lesion.


Asymmetry of the maxilla

description: Asymmetry between the left and right sides of the maxilla.


Renal diverticulum

description: Cystic, urine-containing intrarenal cavities lined with transitional cell epithelium that communicate through a narrow channel with the collecting system.


name: Type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation

description: A type of congenital pulmonary airway malformation that is characterized by multiple evenly spaced cysts (sponge-like appearance).


Abnormal globus pallidus morphology

description: An abnormality of the globus pallidus.


Fractured fused metatarsal bones 2-4

description: A partial or complete breakage of the fused metatarsal bones 2-4.


name: Fractured middle phalanx of manual digit 2

description: A partial or complete breakage of the middle phalanx of manual digit 2.


Lateral neck mass

description: An abnormal enlargement or swelling localized to the side of the neck. The word mass is usually used at an early stage of the diagnostic workup before the precise nature of the swelling has been determined.


Sural nerve atrophy

description: Wasting of the sural nerve, a sensory nerve in the calf region of the leg.


Partial absence of toe

description: The absence of a phalangeal segment of a toe or hallux.


name: Elevated circulating sebacic acid concentration

description: Increased concentration of sebacic acid in the blood circulation.


Biceps hyperreflexia

description: Increased intensity of the biceps reflex.


High pitched voice

description: An abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice.


Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology

description: An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs.


name: Skin dimple over apex of long bone angulation


Abnormality of the testis size

description: An anomaly of the size of the testicle (the male gonad).


name: Anti-SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against SAE 2.


Abnormal rete ridge morphology

description: Abnormal structure of the rete ridges (also known as rete pegs), which are downward projections of epithelium surrounding the connective tissue papillae in between the dermal papillae.


Oral lichenoid lesion

description: Mutliple lesions of the oral mucosa resembling those characteristic of the disease lichen planus. These are symmetric reticular lesions that resemble a white, lacelike network, as well as by papules, plaques, erythematous lesions, and erosions.


name: Generalized reticulate brown pigmentation


description: Triangular shaped phalanges of the 4th finger. A triangular or so called delta shaped phalanx is a typical result after a bracket epiphysis of the affected phalanx.


Abnormal knee physiology

description: A functional anomaly of the knee joint.


name: Reduced circulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 concentration

description: Concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal.


Focal necrotic thalamus lesion

description: A localized area of cell death, often accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, in the thalamus.


Microtia, third degree

description: Presence of some auricular structures, but none of these structures conform to recognized ear components.


Myoglobin casts

description: A type of acelluar casts with positive myoglobin staining A that have a surface composed of granules, which can vary in size. The granules can be rather heterogeneous, ranging from fine (finely granular cast) up to coarse (coarsely granular cast), dark, clear, and pigmented.


Cervical spinal cord atrophy

description: Atrophy of the cervical segment of the spinal cord.


Cold paresis

description: Increased muscle weakness upon exposure to cold temperatures.


Rhabdoid tumor of the ovary

description: A highly aggressive, extremely rare neoplasm of the ovary that is usually seen in children. The term rhabdoid is used because the tumor cells resemble rhabdomyoblasts but lack myogenic markers.


Delayed ability to roll over

description: Delayed achievement of the ability to roll front to back and back to front.


name: EEG with persistent abnormal rhythmic activity


name: Focal impaired awareness emotional seizure

description: A focal emotional seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure.


Coronary sinus enlargement

description: Abnormal increase in size of the coronary sinus.


Increased CSF/serum albumin ratio

description: An increase above normal limits of the ratio of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin concentration to serum albumin concentration.


name: Increased proportion of central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells

description: An increased proportion of central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells compared to the total number of T cells in the blood. These cells have the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


Peroneal muscle weakness

description: Weakness of the peroneal muscles.


Deep-set nails

description: Deeply placed nails.


Deep plantar creases

description: The presence of unusually deep creases (ridges/wrinkles) on the skin of sole of foot.


Expiratory air trapping

description: Abnormal retention of gas within a lung or part of a lung, as a result of airway obstruction of abnormalities in lung compliance. In the classic presentation, the lung will appear normal at inspiration, but on exhalation, the diseased portions of the lung which have lost connective tissue recoil will remain lucent while the healthy portions of the lung will become more dense due to atelectasis. This helps distinguish it from mosaic attenuation due to patchy fibrosis, as occurs with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and in early usual interstitial pneumonitis (the hallmark imaging diagnosis of interstitial lung disease) in which there is no change with inspiration and expiration.


Skin vesicle

description: A circumscribed, fluid-containing, epidermal elevation generally considered less than 10mm in diameter at the widest point.


name: Aplasia involving bones of the lower limbs


name: hearing loss, mixed conductive-sensorineural

description: Hearing loss characterized by a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It is caused by problems in both the inner ear and middle or outer ear.


Decreased circulating cortisol level

description: Abnormally reduced concentration of cortisol in the blood.


Reduced CSF lactate

description: Decreased concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid.


Psoriasiform lesion

description: A skin lesions that resembles the lesions observed in psoriasis, viz., an erythematous plaque covered by fine silvery scales. Psoriasiform lesions can be observed in psoriasis as well as in other conditions including allergic contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, Atopic dermatitis, pityriasis rubra, and lichen simplex chronicus.


Frontotemporal cerebral atrophy

description: Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the frontotemporal cerebrum.


name: Moderate intrauterine growth retardation

description: Intrauterine growth retardation that is at least 3 standard deviations (SD) below average, but not as low as 4 SD, corrected for sex and gestational age.


name: Abnormal umbilical cord blood vessel morphology


Abnormal lymph node morphology

description: A structural lymph node abnormality.


name: Small epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 2nd toe


Abnormal renal tubule morphology

description: An abnormality of the renal tubules.


Increased alveolar volume

description: An abnormal elevation in alveolar volume.


Hydrophobia

description: The word hydrophobia has been used to describe the avoidance of drinking in the presence of hydrophobic spasms that can be observed in human rabies (described as a blockage in the throat with worsening of dyspnea). However, rarely, the same word has been used to describe panic reactions observed in a patient when offered a glass of water. This term does not refer to the latter meaning.


Malposition of the stomach

description: Abnormal anatomical location of the stomach. This feature may be due to intestinal malrotation.


Chin with vertical crease

description: Vertical crease fold situated below the vermilion border of the lower lip and above the fatty pad of the chin with the face at rest.


Thickened glomerular basement membrane

description: Prominent glomerular basement membrane (GBM), reflecting an increase in thickness (subjective estimate) of the basal lamina of the glomerulus of the kidney.


Medial degeneration

description: Medial degeneration of the aorta is to be used as an overarching term for any aortic surgical specimens that demonstrate one or more of the specific histopathologies mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation, elastic fiber fragmentation and/or loss, elastic fiber thinning, elastic fiber disorganization, smooth muscle cell nuclei loss, laminar medial collapse, smooth muscle cell disorganization, medial fibrosis. Grading of medial degeneration is based on the average overall severity of specific histopathologies as described, considering the worst area(s) sampled from multiple slides and aorta sections.


Tracheomegaly

description: Marked widening of the trachea.


name: Decreased circulating luteinizing hormone level

description: A reduction in the circulating level of luteinizing hormone (LH).


cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

description: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)


Small intestinal dysmotility

description: Abnormal small intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis related to the loss of the ability of the gut to coordinate muscular activity because of endogenous or exogenous causes.


Megaduodenum

description: Dilation and elongation of the duodenum with hypertrophy of all layers of the duodenum.


name: Small epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger


Sputum eosinophilia

description: An increased proportion of eosinophils in sputum in the differentiated cell count.


Thoracolumbar kyphosis

description: Hyperconvexity of the thoracolumbar spine producing a rounded or humped appearance.


name: Sclerosis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe


Addictive nitrous oxide use

description: Addiction to inhaled nitrous oxide gas (N2O) is a growing concern.


Neonatal bilateral clonic seizure

description: Neonatal bilateral clonic seizure is a type of neonatal electro-clinical clonic seizure where the clonic jerking is bilateral.


name: Contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint of the fingers

description: Chronic loss of joint motion in one or more distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.


name: Elevated circulating calcitonin concentration

description: Concentration of calcitonin, a 32-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.


name: Duplication of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd finger

description: Partial or complete duplication of the third proximal phalanx of hand.


Prominent S wave in lead I

description: Increased amplitude (0.1 mV or more) and/or duration (40 ms or more) of the S wave as measured in lead I of the electrocardiogram.


Forward slanting upper incisors

description: The upper incisors deviate from the normal angle of being roughly parallel to the surface of the face and instead slant outwards.


name: Abnormal branching pattern of the aortic arch

description: A deviance from the norm of the origin or course of the right brachiocephalic artery, the left common carotid artery, the left subclavian artery or the proximal vertebral arteries.


name: Duplication of the middle phalanx of the 3rd finger

description: Partial or complete duplication of the middle phalanx of middle finger.


name: Reduced lamina lucida anchoring filament density

description: Diminished amount of the anchoring filaments that normally bridge the lamina lucida and insert into the lamina densa in the cutaneous basement membrane zone.


name: Aplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

description: Absence of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger.


Triangular shaped 1st metacarpal

description: This term applies to a triangular shaped 1st metacarpal.


name: Elevated 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone ratio

description: The relative concentration in the blood circulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone compared to that of aldosterone is above the upper limit of normal.


Ulnar deviation of the hand

description: Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger).


name: Abnormal urinary 1-methylhistidine concentration

description: Abnormal concentration of 1-methylhistidine in the urine.


name: Dentinogenesis imperfecta of primary and permanent teeth

description: Developmental dysplasia of dentin or both the primary dentition and the permanent dentition.


Hypoplasia of the tooth germ

description: Developmental hypoplasia of the tooth germ, i.e., of the structure that forms in odontogenesis that will develop into a tooth.


Proprioceptive hallucination

description: A type of hallucination that involves the perception of distorted or abnormal sensations related to one's body position or movement.


Sclerosis of distal finger phalanx

description: An elevation in bone density in one or more distal phalanges of the fingers. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity.


name: Abnormal circulating corticosterone level

description: An abnormality of the concentration of corticosterone in the blood.


name: Increased circulating brain natriuretic peptide concentration

description: An increased concentration of brain natriuretic peptide in the blood circulation.


Atrial cardiomyopathy

description: Any complex of structural, architectural, contractile or electrophysiological changes affecting the atria with the potential to produce clinically relevant manifestations.


Parietal cortical atrophy

description: Atrophy of the parietal cortex.


mongolian spot

description: A benign, flat, congenital birthmark, with wavy borders and an irregular shape. The color is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot.


name: Multifocal hyperintensity of cerebral white matter on MRI

description: An abnormal area of increased brightness (hyperintensity) that occurs in several distinct areas.


Limited knee flexion

description: Reduced ability to flex (bend) the knee joint.


circadian rhythm sleep disorder

description: A persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule required by an individual's physical environment or social or professional schedule.(DSM IV)


3-4 finger cutaneous syndactyly

description: A soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between fingers 3 and 4.


3-4 toe cutaneous syndactyly

description: A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the toes 3 and 4.


Sensory ataxia

description: Incoordination of movement caused by a deficit in the sensory nervous system. Sensory ataxia can be distinguished from cerebellar ataxia by asking the patient to close his or her eyes. Persons with cerebellar ataxia show only a minimal worsening of symptoms, whereas persons with sensory ataxia show a marked worsening of symptoms.


Episodic tachypnea

description: Episodes of very rapid breathing.


Proximal radio-ulnar synostosis

description: An abnormal osseous union (fusion) between the proximal portions of the radius and the ulna.


Perianal dermatitis

description: The presence of a rash (change of color and texture) of the perianal skin.


name: Abnormal urinary 3-methylhistidine level

description: Abnormal amount of 3-methylhistidine in the urine.


focal dystonia

description: A dystonia that is localized to a specific part of the body.


Collectionism

description: Excessive or pathological tendency to save and collect possessions.


progressive muscular atrophy

description: A rare, milder form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is characterized by a slowly progressive clinical course. Signs and symptoms include muscle weakness, atrophy, and fasciculation.


Dicarboxylic aciduria

description: An increased concentration of dicarboxylic acid in the urine.


Rope sign

description: The presence of linear erythematous palpable cords, often on the lateral trunk.


Schilder disease

description: Schilder's disease is a progressive demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.


Mediastinal cystic lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma (congenital malformation consisting of focal proliferations of well-differentiated lymphatic tissue in multi cystic or sponge like structures) located within the mediastinum, i.e., the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that is surrounded by loose connective tissue. Mediastinal lymphangioma is a slow growing mass with benign features, and accounts for 1% of all mediastinal tumors.