trans-undec-2-enoic acid

A 2-undecenoic acid in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration.


octadecatrienoic acid

Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.


(5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid

The (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-isomer of icosapentaenoic acid.


2-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 2-position.


cis-9-undecenoic acid

The cis-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


9-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 9-position.


8-undecenoic acid

An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 8-position.


trans-9-undecenoic acid

The trans-isomer of 9-undecenoic acid.


Head and Neck Disorder

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.  This category includes inflammatory disorders, benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, and malignant neoplasms.


Thyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular structures and mature adipocytes.


Nasopharyngeal Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the nasopharynx and nose.  Epistaxis or nasal obstruction are common presenting symptoms.


Malignant Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects a maxillofacial bone.


Follicular ameloblastoma

description: A histologic variant of conventional ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelial islands in a fibrotic stroma.


name: Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm of Salivary Gland

description: The reemergence of a malignant salivary gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


Skull Base Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the base of the skull.


Malignant odontogenic tumor

description: A sarcoma that arises from tooth-forming tissues.


Sellar Neurocytoma

description: A rare extraventricular neurocytoma (WHO grade 2) of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. (WHO 2017)


Squamous odontogenic tumor

description: A rare, locally invasive neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually grows intraosseously in the mandible. The maxilla is less frequently involved. It is characterized by the presence of well differentiated squamous cells which form islands. Recurrences may rarely occur and probably are related to incomplete excision of the tumor.


name: Middle Ear Exophytic Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An exophytic papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles an exophytic sinonasal papilloma.


Malignant Ameloblastoma

description: A rare, well differentiated, cytologically benign ameloblastoma which paradoxically metastasizes.


Jaw Osteoblastoma

description: An osteoblastoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process affecting the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the presence of dysplasia in the mucosal epithelium.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells with no nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and with questionable capsular or vascular invasion. This is a tumor indeterminate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. (WHO)


Non-Neoplastic Laryngeal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic pathologic process that affects the larynx.  Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord nodule, and laryngeal cleft.


Odontogenic Fibroma, Ossifying Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of odontogenic fibroma components admixed with ossifying fibroma-like tissue.


name: Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Head and Neck Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck.  Representative examples include oral leukoplakia and leukoplakia of the vocal cords.


Nontoxic diffuse goiter

description: A diffuse goiter that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Sellar Yolk Sac Tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity or the lips.


name: Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm

description: A rare papillary neoplasm that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. This category includes papillary cystadenoma, ductal papilloma (including the intraductal and inverted variants), sialadenoma papilliferum, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.


Oral Cavity Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the oral cavity.


Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism

description: Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.


Low Risk Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: A thyroid gland neoplasm in which the incidence of metastatic spread is extremely low. This category includes thyroid gland noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, thyroid gland hyalinizing trabecular tumor, and thyroid gland tumors of uncertain malignant potential.


Sellar Paraganglioma

description: An extremely rare paraganglioma arising from chief cells of the dispersed paraganglia of the sellar region. (WHO)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to orbit

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the orbit from another anatomic site.


Congenital thyroid disorder

description: A thyroid gland disorder present at birth. It includes thyroid gland aplasia and thyroid gland hypoplasia, both result in hypothyroidism.


Sellar Immature Teratoma

description: An immature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


name: Congenital hypothyroidism with ectopic thyroid

description: Thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth that is associated with ectopic thyroid tissue located in the neck region.


Jugular Foramen Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the jugular foramen.  Representative examples include paraganglioma, schwannoma, and meningioma.


Salivary Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

description: A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Most occur in the parotid gland. Symptoms include a progressively enlarging, painless mass.  Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


Benign Sinonasal Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Hard Palate Monomorphic Adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the minor salivary glands in the hard palate. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Malignant Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Benign Inner Ear Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the inner ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include vestibular schwannoma and lipoma.


Non-Neoplastic Tonsillar Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


Non-Neoplastic Nasal Cavity Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity.  Representative examples include rhinitis and Wegener granulomatosis.


Atypical Parathyroid Gland Tumor

description: A parathyroid gland tumor that shares certain morphologic characteristics with parathyroid gland carcinomas (e.g. broad fibrous bands formation with or without hemosiderin deposition, presence of mitotic figures) but lacks unequivocal evidence of capsular or vascular invasion. It is considered a tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Disorder of neck

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


name: Metastatic Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread to another anatomic site.


Odontogenic tumor, benign

description: A benign, slow growing neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It occurs in the maxillofacial skeleton or the gingiva. Representative examples include adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, and squamous odontogenic tumor.


Benign neoplasm of orbit

description: A neoplasm that arises from the orbit and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Iatrogenic Central Hypothyroidism

description: Central hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Ear Osteoma

description: An osteoma that arises from the bony cortex of the external auditory canal and, rarely, the middle ear.


Congenital hyperthyroidism

description: Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is present at birth.


Sellar Meningioma

description: A rare meningioma that arises from the sellar region.


Rhinosinusitis

description: Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and paranasal sinuses.


Malignant Head and Neck Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.


Non-Neoplastic Thyroid Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland.  Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid gland abscess.


Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Singers' nodes

description: A non-neoplastic growth in the vocal cord. It is characterized by tissue swelling in both vocal cords in a symmetrical manner. It is caused by vocal abuse behavior. Hoarseness is the presenting symptom.


Nasopharyngeal Non-Neoplastic Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx.


Suprasellar germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the suprasellar region.


Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma

description: A locally aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from odontogenic tissue. It occurs in the mandible and less often in the maxilla.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant connective tissue component and a benign epithelial component.  The frequency of distal metastases is low.


Sellar Germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Ceruminous Neoplasm

description: An adenoma or carcinoma that arises from the ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal.


Laryngeal Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the epithelial cells of the laryngeal mucosa.


Non-Neoplastic Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes non-neoplastic disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


Ameloblastic fibroma

description: A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component and fibromyxoid stroma. It may recur and rarely shows malignant transformation to ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. It is treated with enucleation and curettage.


Nasal Cavity Exophytic Papilloma

description: A benign nasal cavity exophytic papillary neoplasm with fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells. It arises from the lower anterior nasal septum. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and the presence of a mass.


Leukoplakia of lips

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the lip which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Parotid monomorphic adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Benign Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the anterior portion of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Benign Ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that does not recur or metastasize.


Oral neoplasm malignant recurrent

description: Reemergence of a lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Nasopharyngeal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Oral Cavity Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the oral cavity. The tongue is the most frequently affected site.


Central Hyperthyroidism

description: Overproduction of thyroid hormones due to a disorder originating within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.


Thyroglobulin Deficiency

description: Subnormal production of thyroglobulin, the glycoprotein precursor of thyroid hormones, presumed to result from loss-of-function mutation(s) in the TG gene.


Tongue Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the tongue.


name: Head and Neck Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the head and neck.


sarcoma of oral cavity

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity.  Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma.


Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Smokers keratosis

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the oral mucosa.  It is associated with the use of smoked tobacco.  It appears as white lesions on the oral mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may reverse with the cessation of tobacco use.


Defective Thyroglobulin Transport

description: Impairment in the intracellular transport of thyroglobulin.


name: Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignant neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Oropharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Extraosseous/Peripheral Ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that arises from the soft tissues in the gingiva or alveolar mucosa.  It presents as a painless exophytic mass.


name: Locally Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Thyroid Gland Clear Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular cells with cytoplasmic clearing.


Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed or encapsulated tumor that arises from the neck and occurs in adults. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, epithelial islands, and adipose tissue.


Head and Neck Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sialolipoma

description: A benign parotid gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue.


name: Non-Neoplastic Parathyroid Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the parathyroid glands.  Representative examples include hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.


Benign Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the parapharyngeal space and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Mature Teratoma

description: A mature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Oropharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Head and Neck Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the head and neck region. Hodgkin lymphomas are usually located in the lymph nodes of the neck. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas usually arise from the ocular adnexa, salivary glands, larynx, and thyroid gland.


name: Thyroid Gland Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease

description: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease affecting the thyroid gland. It is rare and is usually accompanied by involvement of cervical lymph nodes.


name: Head and Neck Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

description: A histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the head and neck.


Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma

description: A rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that arises from the craniofacial skeleton. It is characterized by the presence of multiple ossicles resembling psammoma bodies in a hypercellular stroma. It usually affects individuals in their second to fourth decades. Recurrences following surgical excision have been reported in a minority of cases.


Middle Ear Papilloma

description: A rare papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles a sinonasal papilloma. Approximately half of the patients have concurrent sinonasal or nasopharyngeal papillomas.


Adenoma, Monomorphic

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Non-Neoplastic Middle Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the middle ear.


description: An adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma that occurs in adults.


Oral Cavity Monomorphic Adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands in the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Hyperplasia

description: A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of papillae lined by cells that range from cuboidal to columnar. The papillae are usually cystic and non-branching. Aggregates of follicles may be found within the papillary structures.


Oropharyngeal Polyp

description: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the oropharynx.


Dental surface disorders

description: A disorder that affects the surface of the tooth.


Abscess of thyroid

description: A rare disorder characterized by the development of an abscess in the thyroid gland.  It usually follows an upper respiratory tract, pharyngeal, or middle ear infection.  It is usually caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus infection.  It presents with fever, pain, and neck mass.


Salivary gland adenoma

description: A benign adenoma that arises from the salivary gland. This group includes pleomorphic adenoma, canalicular adenoma, basal cell adenoma, and sebaceous adenoma.


Orbital Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the structures of the orbit.


Adenoid Ameloblastoma

description: A rare ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of cribriform architecture and the formation of duct-like structures. Dentinoid is usually present.


name: Head and Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the head and neck. It usually affects the soft tissue of the neck. The head and neck region is the most frequently involved site for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, following the trunk and extremities.


Primordial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A benign odontogenic tumor composed of variably cellular loose fibrous tissue with areas similar to the dental papilla, entirely surrounded by cuboidal to columnar epithelium resembling the internal epithelium of the enamel organ. It occurs intraosseously, with a marked preference for the mandible. (WHO 2017)


Mouth Mucous Membrane Leukoplakia

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucous membrane in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Pharyngeal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the pharynx.


Benign Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the head and neck and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Salivary Gland Lymphadenomas

description: A rare benign salivary gland tumor that consists of a well-circumscribed biphasic proliferation of epithelial cells and reactive lymphoid tissue. Sebaceous and non-sebaceous forms can be distinguished. (WHO 2017)


Agenesis of larynx

description: A congenital deformity in which there is no laryngeal structure.


Wolff-Chaikoff Phenomenon

description: Hypothyroidism induced by excessive levels of iodine in the blood.


ductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands.  This category includes intraductal papilloma, inverted ductal papilloma, and sialadenoma papilliferum.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lip

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the lip from another anatomic site.


name: Chronic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis

description: Persistent and long-standing thyroiditis associated with temporary elevations of thyroid hormones.


Posterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the base of the tongue.


Benign neoplasm of base of tongue

description: A neoplasm that arises from the base of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma

description: A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component, fibromyxoid stroma, and dentin formation. It is treated with enucleation and curettage. Recurrences may occur.


name: Primary Head and Neck Mucosal CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the mucosal sites of the head and neck. They are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions usually arise from the oral cavity and, less frequently, the conjunctiva, orbit, and nasopharynx. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


Basal Cell Ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands are composed of uniform basaloid cells.


Non-Neoplastic Paranasal Sinus Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include sinusitis and mucocele.


Suppurative parotitis

description: Parotitis that is caused by a bacterial agent.


Salivary Gland Striated Duct Adenoma

description: A rare benign salivary gland adenoma that arises from ducts that resemble normal striated ducts.


Sinonasal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, papillomas, and carcinomas.


Benign Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from a maxillofacial bone and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Non-Neoplastic External Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pinna and/or the ear canal.


Paranasal Sinus Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


Malignant Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


name: Maxillofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from a maxillofacial bone.


Benign neoplasm of palate

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp

description: A benign polypoid lesion that arises from the nasopharynx. It usually affects neonates and older infants. It manifests as a pedunculated mass associated with cough, dyspnea, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing. It is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


name: Recurrent Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant head and neck neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism

description: Primary hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Leukoplakia of buccal mucosa

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the buccal mucosa in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


name: Refractory Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasm

description: A malignant salivary gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage IVA Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3-T4a, N1, M0).  T4a: Moderately advanced disease.  Tumor involves deep soft tissue, cartilage, bone, or overlying skin.  T3: Mucosal disease.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor

description: A benign but locally infiltrating neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is more often intraosseous and less frequently extraosseous and occurs in the jaw. It is characterized by the presence of ameloblastoma-like epithelium, connective tissue stroma, ghost cells, and dysplastic dentin. Wide local resection is recommended for intraosseous neoplasms and enucleation for extraosseous neoplasms.


Unresectable Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.  Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. It has the tendency to recur and extend to adjacent structures.  Inverted papillomas are occasionally associated with the development or presence of carcinomas, usually squamous cell carcinomas.


Diffuse C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of morphologically bland C-cells with a diffuse growth pattern in the thyroid gland.


Malignant tumor of palate

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


name: Oral Mucosa Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the oral mucosa.


Sinonasal Ameloblastoma

description: A locally aggressive, primarily gnathic (jaw) tumor with a high propensity for recurrence. It originates wholly within the sinonasal tract, without connection to gnathic sites, arising from sinonasal epithelium and showing histological features identical to those of its counterpart originating in the jaw. (WHO 2017)


Conventional ameloblastoma

description: An intraosseous ameloblastoma that arises from the jaw, usually the mandible.  It grows slowly, invades locally, and recurs frequently.  It presents with swelling of the jaw.


Head and Neck Melanocytic Neoplasm

description: A melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the skin or mucosal sites in the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

description: A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland.  It is composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Patients present with a progressively enlarging and painless mass.


Lingual Thyroid Gland

description: Ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue.


Hyperthyroidism with Hashimoto disease

description: Severe, transient hyperthyroidism associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.


canalicular adenoma of salivary gland

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm primarily composed of branching and interconnecting cords of single and double-cell thick rows of columnar epithelium in a very loose stroma. It often occurs in the upper lip, where only pleomorphic adenoma is more frequent. Asymptomatic swelling of the upper lip is the most common clinical finding. It may present clinically and histologically as a multifocal lesion, a feature not generally seen with other intraoral salivary gland tumors.


name: Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A rare thyroid gland follicular adenoma composed predominantly of spindle cells.


Oral Verruca Vulgaris

description: Verruca vulgaris in the lips and oral cavity.


Malignant Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Middle Ear Paraganglioma

description: A jugulotympanic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the middle ear.


Thyroid Gland Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Dual Oxidase 2 Deficiency

description: Thyroid peroxidase system defect due to presumed mutation(s) in the DUOX2 gene, resulting in decreased activity of dual oxidase 2.


Transient hypothyroxinemia

description: Reduced concentration of thyroid hormone(s), usually associated with a non-thyroidal illness, that resolves spontaneously.


name: Refractory Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

description: Malignant pharyngeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Head and Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.


Diffuse endemic goiter

description: A diffuse goiter caused by inadequate iodine intake.


Laryngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the larynx.


Benign neoplasm of bone of skull

description: A neoplasm that arises from the bones and structures of skull and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Recurrent Skull Base Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of skull base carcinoma after a period of remission.


External Ear Actinic Keratosis

description: Actinic keratosis that develops in the skin of the external ear.


Non-Neoplastic Pharyngeal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx.  Representative examples include pharyngitis and mucositis.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei

description: A thyroid gland adenoma containing follicular cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei.  The clinical course is benign.


Defective Thyroglobulin Synthesis

description: Impairment in the intracellular synthesis of thyroglobulin.


Parathyroid gland abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the parathyroid gland(s).


Hairy leukoplakia of tongue

description: An epithelial hyperplasia on the surface of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.


Pharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


Head and Neck Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.


Congenital thyroid hypoplasia

description: Incomplete development of the thyroid gland in a newborn.


Palatine Tonsil Hamartomatous Polyp

description: A rare hamartomatous polyp that arises from the palatine tonsil.


Erythroleukoplakia

description: Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa that is clinically characterized by the presence of erythematous or red and white patches.


Thyroid Gland Paraganglioma

description: A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the thyroid gland. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of tumor cells arranged in a nesting (Zellballen) growth pattern. The reported cases have followed a benign clinical course.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of thyroid gland

description: An exceedingly rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Refractory Malignant Oral Neoplasm

description: Lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Tongue Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tongue.


Sinonasal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Speckled oral leukoplakia

description: Non-homogenous leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Leukoplakia of tongue

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the tongue which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Benign neoplasm of uvula

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uvula.


name: Thyroid Gland Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

description: A rare histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the thyroid gland.


name: Middle Ear Inverted Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An inverted papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles a sinonasal inverted papilloma.


Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the major or minor salivary glands.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of salivary gland

description: A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland.


name: Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm

description: A rare, low-grade epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by a proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the minor salivary gland ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. Cytologic and architectural atypia and mitotic activity are present. AKT1 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of cases. Morphologically it resembles the intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

description: A benign, intraosseous or extraosseous cystic neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a cyst lined by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells formation. The ghost cells may undergo calcification. It is treated with enucleation. Few recurrences have been reported for intraosseous neoplasms whereas no recurrences have been reported for extraosseous neoplasms.


Sinonasal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


name: Stage IVC Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Head and Neck Nevus

description: A benign nevus that arises from the skin in the head and neck region.


Leukoplakia of larynx

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx.  It appears as a localized or diffuse white patch on the laryngeal mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may progress to or co-exist with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Maxillofacial Osteoblastoma

description: A benign bone-forming neoplasm with prominent osteoblastic rimming arising in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis

description: A relatively common non-neoplastic inflammatory and degenerative lesion that affects the external ear. It is characterized by necrotic changes in the dermis and perichondrium. It usually affects the helix. Patients present with a painful nodule that contains a cup-shaped crater filled with necrotic debris, inflammatory cells, and fibrin. It is caused by helmets, headsets, actinic changes, and frostbite resulting in dermal microtraumas. It is often confused clinically with squamous or basal cell carcinoma, and it may recur.


name: Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor

description: A rare midline nasopharyngeal lesion that affects infants. It presents with respiratory distress due to nasal airway obstruction. It is a biphasic lesion characterized by the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial components. The histological features suggest that this lesion may be a hamartoma, rather than a neoplasm.


Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Sinonasal Exophytic Papilloma

description: A papilloma with an exophytic growth arising from the sinonasal track.


Suprasellar Germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from the suprasellar region.


Sinonasal Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Central odontogenic fibroma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla (central odontogenic fibroma); and rarely from extraosseous tissues, usually in the gingiva (peripheral odontogenic fibroma). It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma. Local enucleation of the tumor is curative.


Orbit Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the orbit.  Patients may present with visual disturbances or proptosis.


Head and Neck Erdheim-Chester Disease

description: Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the head and neck region. Patients present with xanthelasma-like lesions in the face, neck, and around the eyes.


Maxillofacial Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Diffuse goiter

description: Enlargement of the entire thyroid gland without discrete mass(es).


name: Thyroid Gland Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells, in which capsular or vascular invasion is indeterminate.


name: Cystic/Microcystic Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor characterized by cystic/microcystic changes.


Nasopharyngeal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx.


Neonatal hearing impairment

description: An abnormality that affects hearing within the first month after birth. It may or may not result in hearing loss.


Oral Cavity Adenoma

description: A monomorphic or pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Soft Palate Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the soft palate and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Non-Calcifying/Langerhans Cell-Rich Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor that contains significant numbers of Langerhans cells.


Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


name: Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicles and characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin.


Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism

description: Hypothyroidism due to insufficient intake of iodine.


name: Thyroid Gland Signet Ring Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells that stain positive for thyroglobulin.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the head and neck. This category includes neuroendocrine tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas, and paragangliomas.


name: Thyroid Gland Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the thyroid gland focally or diffusely. It is exceedingly rare and usually occurs in patients with multifocal disease.


Odontogenic Fibroma, Amyloid Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits. Langerhans cells are often present in the odontogenic epithelium.


Adenoma, Basal Cell

description: A salivary gland benign epithelial neoplasm with a uniform, monomorphic appearance that is dominated by basal cells forming trabecular structures. It is rare and occurs mostly on the parotid gland. The average age of patients has been reported to be 58 years. Swelling is the most constant clinical finding.


Pharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


name: Head and Neck Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease

description: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease that affects the head and neck region. It usually affects the cervical lymph nodes. Extranodal head and neck sites of involvement include the orbit, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses.


name: Stage III Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Mucosal disease N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Head and Neck Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm of hematopoietic and lymphoid cell origin that affects the head and neck region.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Nodular Disease

description: A benign, non-inflammatory, multifocal proliferation of thyroid follicular cells that results in the formation of multiple thyroid nodules. The clinical term multinodular goiter refers to the changes caused in the thyroid gland by follicular nodular disease.


name: neoplasm of anterior dorsal surface of tongue

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


Parotid Gland Keratocystoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of multicystic formations, lined by neoplastic stratified squamous epithelium and containing keratotic lamellae. The neoplastic squamous epithelial cells have bland nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Focally, solid islands of squamous cells surrounded by collagenous stroma are present.


Salivary Gland Infection

description: A viral (such as mumps) or bacterial infectious process affecting the salivary gland. The salivary gland becomes enlarged and is often painful.


name: Refractory Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant head and neck neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Head and Neck Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region. The oral cavity is the most frequently affected site.


name: Hybrid Odontogenic Fibroma with Central Giant Cell Granuloma

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of combined histological features of giant cell granuloma and odontogenic fibroma.


name: inverted ductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: A very rare benign tumor of the minor salivary glands, characterized by a luminal papillary proliferation that arises at the junction of the salivary gland duct and the oral mucosal surface epithelium and expands as a nodular mass into the lamina propria.  It presents as an asymptomatic mucosal swelling.


Unicystic ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that presents as a unilocular cyst.  It usually arises from the mandible.


Sellar ependymoma

description: A very rare, low-grade neoplasm that arises from the posterior pituitary. It is composed of epithelioid and oncocytic cells forming sheets and fascicles. It shows histopathological features reminiscent of ependymomas, including perivascular pseudorosettes and true rosettes. There is no evidence of necrosis or increased mitotic activity. Despite the presence of ependymal histopathological features, these neoplasms probably are not related to ependymomas. Their prognosis is unknown.


Benign neoplasm of accessory sinus

description: A neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma.


Oral Cavity Myeloid Sarcoma

description: An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the oral cavity. It occurs de novo or can precede, coincide with, or follow the presentation of acute myeloid leukemia, or can constitute blastic transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. (WHO 2017)


Malignant Inner Ear Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the inner ear.


Benign Skull Base Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises the skull base and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Stage IVB Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0.  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor involves brain, dura, skull base, lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI, XII), masticator space, carotid artery, prevertebral space, or mediastinal structures.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the head and neck.  This may be from a primary head and neck malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Recurrent Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

description: The reemergence of inverted Schneiderian papilloma after a period of remission.


Thyroid Gland Hyperfunctioning Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma producing thyroxin.  It is associated with hyperthyroidism.  Radioactive iodine scan reveals a hot nodule.


Adult Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that occurs during adulthood.  It can be either adamantinomatous or papillary.  The papillary histologic variant occurs virtually exclusively in adults.  Clinical signs and symptoms include visual disturbances and endocrine deficiencies.


Acquired Hyperthyroidism

description: Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Architecture

description: A benign, encapsulated thyroid gland neoplasm characterized by the presence of large follicles with intrafollicular papillary architecture. The cells lining the papillae are usually columnar. It is usually a cystic neoplasm and lacks nuclear atypia and capsular invasion. Psammoma bodies are not present. Activating TSHR mutations have been described in the majority of cases. In a small number of cases GNAS mutations have been identified.


name: Malignant Nasopharyngeal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


Non-Neoplastic Inner Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the inner ear.  Representative examples include infection and sensory hearing loss.


Thyroid Gland Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A rare solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the thyroid gland.


Squamous cell papilloma of oral cavity

description: A benign, exophytic and polypoid growth that arises from the lips or oral cavity. It is covered by hyperplastic epithelium. Some cases are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Odontogenic myxoma

description: An intraosseous odontogenic neoplasm with good prognosis, arising from the mandible and less frequently from the maxilla. It is characterized by the presence of stellate cells, myxoid stroma formation, and prominent collagen. Small tumors may be cured with enucleation. Complete excision may be required for larger tumors.


Interarytenoid leukoplakia

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white mucosal patch in the interarytenoid area.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Head and Neck Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

description: A benign histiocytic tumor that usually arises from the skin of the head and neck and occurs during childhood. It is distinct from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Rarely, it can arise from extracutaneous head and neck sites, including the eye, ocular adnexa, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, and ear. It is characterized by the presence of lipid-laden, foamy histiocytes and Touton-type giant cells.


Aneuploid Dysplastic Oral Leukoplakia

description: Oral leukoplakia associated with advanced dysplasia in which genetic studies show aneuploidy.  The vast majority of patients develop aggressive invasive squamous cell carcinomas.  Complete resection of the lesion does not reduce the risk of developing invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Cavity Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity.  Representative examples include inflammation, fibroepithelial polyp, and cleft palate.


Acquired central hypothyroidism

description: Central hypothyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Recurrent Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

description: Reemergence of a malignant pharyngeal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Atrophy of thyroid - acquired

description: Atrophy of the thyroid gland, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed salivary gland neoplasm that predominantly affects females.  It is characterized by the presence of microcysts, ducts, and acini in a sclerotic stroma.  Focal lymphocytic infiltrates may also be present.


Osteoma of skull

description: A benign bone-forming neoplasm arising from the skull.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck

description: A melanoma that arises in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx.


Fibro-odontoma, Ameloblastic

description: A rare benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a fibromyxoid stroma, epithelial component, dentin, and enamel. Recurrences are rare.


Non-toxic nodular goiter

description: Sporadic nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Non-Neoplastic Gingival Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gums.


Maxillofacial Osteoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed bone-forming neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Reactive C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of C-cells in the thyroid gland caused by external stimuli such as hypercalcemia and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Transient Primary Hypothyroidism

description: Primary hypothyroidism that resolves spontaneously.


Sellar Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the central cells in the odontogenic epithelial islands show squamous differentiation.


Tonsillopharyngitis

description: Inflammation of the palatine tonsils and the posterior pharynx (throat).


Leukoplakia of vocal cords

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucosal surface of the vocal cords.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Intrasellar Meningioma

description: A rare meningioma arising from the intrasellar region.


Sinonasal Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Ameloblastic Fibroodontosarcoma

description: An odontogenic sarcoma producing enamel/enameloid and dentin.


name: Oral Cavity and Lip Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosa surface of the oral cavity or lip.  It includes leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and smoker's keratosis.


Head and Neck Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the head and neck region. It is usually located in the lymph nodes of the neck.


Tongue Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the tongue.


Oral Cavity Granular Cell Tumor

description: A rare neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity, usually the tongue.  It is characterized by the presence of plump eosinophilic cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.  The neoplastic cells extend into the surrounding tissues, usually skeletal muscle.  The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course.  Recurrences are rare after removal of the tumor.


name: Recurrent Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of malignant thyroid gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Refractory Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: Malignant thyroid gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Jaw Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Head and Neck Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the head and neck. The majority affect the subcutaneous connective tissue of the face, neck, and scalp.


Thyroid Gland Black Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland follicular adenoma seen in patients treated with minocycline. The tumors have black discoloration visible on macroscopic examination and cytoplasmic accumulation of black pigment. (WHO 2017)


name: Head and Neck Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

description: A follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the cervical lymph nodes, the Waldeyer ring, and the soft tissue of the neck.


name: Middle Ear Oncocytic Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An oncocytic papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles an oncocytic sinonasal papilloma.


Recurrent Craniopharyngioma

description: The reemergence of a craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Granular cell ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands contain granular cells.


name: Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition. No prognostic stage grouping is proposed in the 8th edition.


Oral Melanoacanthoma

description: A non-neoplastic indolent oral lesion, characterized by proliferation of mucosal epithelial and melanocytic cells. It is distinct from neoplastic cutaneous melanoacanthoma. It usually affects the buccal mucosa and presents as a rapidly growing, pigmented lesion. It is caused by chronic trauma and/or reactions to oral care.


Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Non-Neoplastic Sinonasal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include rhinitis, sinusitis, and mucocele.


Sellar Schwannoma

description: An extremely rare schwannoma that arises from the sellar region.


Hypothyroid Goiter

description: Goiter associated with reduced thyroid hormone secretion.


Sialoblastoma

description: A rare, malignant primitive neoplasm that occurs in the salivary glands. Most tumors arise from the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland, and rarely the minor salivary glands. It is usually diagnosed during the neonatal period and presents with painless face swelling.


Lymphedema of the Head and Neck

description: Lymphedema that manifests in the head and neck.


Central Odontogenic Fibroma

description: An odontogenic fibroma that arises from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla.


Choanal polyp

description: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the nasopharynx.


Thyroid Gland Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland teratomas with high grade/malignant histological features carry DICER1 gene mutations and have been reclassified as thyroblastomas. They are no longer considered true teratomas.


name: Salivary Gland Intercalated Duct Adenoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed or encapsulated neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands, usually the parotid. It is characterized by nodular and less often multinodular proliferation of cuboidal ductal cells and attenuated myoepithelial cells, resembling bi-layered intercalated ducts. Most lesions are incidental findings, usually measuring less than 5 mm.


Nasal Cavity Papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity.


Oral Cavity Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Embryonal Carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Maxillofacial Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Nasopharyngeal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Malignant Skull Base Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.


Oral melanocytic nevus

description: A melanocytic nevus that arises from the lip and/or oral cavity. The majority are benign. Dysplastic nevi that can lead to the development of melanoma can rarely arise from the lip and/or oral cavity.


Cystic Chondromalacia

description: A degenerative pseudocystic lesion that affects the auricular cartilaginous plate. Causes include ischemic necrosis and trauma.


name: Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features

description: A non-invasive neoplasm of thyroid follicular cells with a follicular growth pattern and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma that has an extremely low malignant potential. These tumors were formerly classified as non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma or well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Juvenile Trabecular Ossifying Fibroma

description: A rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that usually affects the jaws and predominantly arises in children and adolescents. It is characterized by prominent osteoid formation rimmed by osteoblasts in a fibrotic stroma. Patients usually present with painless jaw expansion that is associated with rapid growth and tooth displacement. Amplifications of MDM2 and RASAL1 genes have been detected in some cases. Recurrences have been reported in a minority of cases.


Ameloblastic Fibrodentinosarcoma

description: An odontogenic sarcoma producing dentin/dentinoid.


name: Inverting papilloma of the paranasal sinus

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


Non-Neoplastic Lip Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lips.  Representative examples include inflammation and cleft lip.


Neoplastic C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A neoplastic process arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland.  It is considered a precursor of hereditary medullary thyroid gland carcinoma, and it is associated with mutations of the RET gene.


name: Odontogenic Fibroma, Granular Cell Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma composed of granular cells admixed with odontogenic epithelium.


Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma

description: A rare, benign, extraosseous neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually presents as a slow growing exophytic mass in the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma.


description: The reemergence of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Jaw Osteoma

description: An osteoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Aggressive papillary tumor

description: A locally invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in any area of the middle ear, including the mastoid process and air cells, and may fill the tympanic cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary glandular pattern, with complex interdigitating papillae lying loosely or infiltrating fibrous connective tissue. (WHO 2017)


Maxillofacial Osteoid Osteoma

description: A benign bone-forming tumor that arises in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by limited growth potential. (WHO 2017)


Salivary Gland Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


name: Jaw Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Sarcoma of head and neck

description: A sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Sialolipoma

description: A benign salivary gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Head and Neck Dermoid Cyst

description: A dermoid cyst that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the orbit, periorbital tissue, dorsum of the nose, floor of the mouth, and ear.


Non-Neoplastic Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the ear.  Representative examples include infection, cholesteatoma, and hearing disorders.


sebaceous adenoma of salivary gland

description: A rare, benign, encapsulated epithelial tumor composed of cells that form solid, variably shaped islands and cysts, both showing focal sebaceous differentiation. The mean age of patients is reported to be 58 years, and most tumors occur in the parotid gland. There is a male predominance. Most patients are asymptomatic.


intraductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: An intraluminal papillary proliferation that causes unicystic dilatation of the duct and may have features in common with papillary cystadenoma. It is quite rare, and involves almost exclusively the excretory ducts of intraoral minor salivary glands. It presents as an asymptomatic submucosal swelling.


Sinonasal Oncocytic Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm with exophytic and endophytic growth arising from the lateral nasal wall or the paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by the proliferation of columnar cells with oncocytic features. Microcysts containing mucin and neutrophils are present in the epithelium. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Occasionally, it is associated with the development or presence of a carcinoma, usually squamous cell carcinoma.


name: Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: A carcinoma that has metastasized to the head and neck region from an unknown primary anatomic site. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the neck lymph nodes accounts for the vast majority of these lesions.


name: Primary Oral Cavity CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the oral mucosa and are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions arise from the gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and palate. Patients usually present with a mass that is often ulcerated. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


cystadenoma of salivary gland

description: An uncommon benign epithelial tumor, characterized by predominantly unicystic or multicystic growth; there is focal intraluminal papillary proliferation of the lining epithelium. Nearly half occur in the parotid gland.  In the minor salivary glands, women are affected more than men. In the major salivary glands, cystadenomas present as slowly enlarging, asymptomatic masses that may be slightly compressible. Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


name: Benign inverted transitional cell papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.  It is classified as inverted papilloma, oncocytic papilloma, and exophytic papilloma. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia.


Sellar Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Benign tumor of external ear

description: A neoplasm that arises from the external ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and lipoma.


name: Proliferative verrucous oral leukoplakia

description: Warty leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Metastatic Ureter Carcinoma

description: Ureter carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Locally Advanced Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Urothelial carcinoma ureter metastatic

description: Ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Grade 3 Artery NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 8,9-double bond of anandamide.


2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether

A monoalkylglycerol that is glycerol which is substituted by a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraen-1-yl group at position 2.


name: eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl ester


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine that is anandamide in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 20 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A fatty amide obtained by the formal condensation of arachidonic acid with 2-chloroethanamine. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 1.4 nM) and also has a low affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 3100 nM).


A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.


A phytocannabinoid that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in which the methyl group at C-11 has been hydroxylated . Major metabolite of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a 5-fluoropentyl group and a position 3 by an o-fluorobenzoyl group. It is a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB1 and CB2 receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, respectively.


An N-acylethanolamine 22:6 that is the ethanolamide of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 14,15-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 11,12-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 5,6-double bond of anandamide.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a pentyl group and at position 3 by a (4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl group. It is a synthetic cannabinoid with relatively poor affinity for both CB1 (Ki = 1064 nM) and CB2 (Ki = 444 nM) receptors.


synthetic cannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.


cannabichromenic acid

A chromenol that is 2H-chromene substituted by methyl, 2-methylpent-2-en-5-yl, hydroxy, carboxy and pentyl groups at positions 2,2,5,6 and 7, respectively.


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


endocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoids present in mammalian biological fluids and tissues that activate cannabinoid receptors.


An N-acylethanolamine 20:5 that is the ethanolamide of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid.


Stage 0 Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastroesophageal burn

description: A thermal, chemical or radiation injury to the stomach or esophagus.


name: Grade 3 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


name: Grade 2 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


name: Grade 1 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


name: Grade 4 Cornea Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


Grade 4 GGT Increased, CTCAE

description: >20.0 x ULN if baseline was normal; >20.0 x baseline if baseline was abnormal


Grade 1 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: Mild symptoms; intervention not indicated; radiologic evidence only


Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by bleeding from the mediastinum.


Grade 4 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Grade 2 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: Moderate symptoms; intervention indicated


Grade 3 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: Transfusion indicated; invasive intervention indicated; hospitalization


Grade 5 Mediastinal Hemorrhage, CTCAE

description: Death


name: Grade 2 Eye Infection NOS with Normal Absolute Neutrophil Count or Grade 1 or 2 Neutrophils, CTCAE


A quinolin-4-one having methyl and hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


Grade 2 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: Symptomatic; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL


Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by a circumscribed, erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the duodenal wall.


Grade 4 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: Life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated


Grade 3 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: Severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective invasive intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL


Grade 5 Duodenal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: Death


name: Difficulty Crossing Culprit Lesion During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

description: Placement of intracoronary devices across the coronary stenosis is troublesome or formidable. (ACC)


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: Merkel cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


gamma-lactone

A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


vitamin C

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.


Any gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.


Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

description: An exceedingly rare, high-grade variant of conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells and variable amount of tumor osteoid.


name: Stage IIIB Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage III Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); IIIB (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage IIIA Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Pancreatic Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the pancreas.


Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplastic lesion that shows morphologic evidence of invasion into the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion into the submucosa.  Evidence of invasion may refer to stromal invasion by single cells or clusters of cells, presence of atypical and complex glandular architectural patterns beyond those that are present in normal mucosa, desmoplasia, and/or vascular invasion.


Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the gastric glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria but not the submucosa.  There is marked glandular crowding, branching and budding, intraluminal necrosis, and prominent mitotic activity.  Desmoplastic changes may be present or absent.


Esophageal Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: Adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is confined entirely to the mucosa.


Thrombophilia Related to COVID-19

description: Thrombophilia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Reactive B-Cell Rich Lymphoid Proliferations that Can Mimic Lymphoma

description: A term that refers to non-neoplastic, dense B-cell lymphoproliferations in nodal or extranodal sites that resemble B-cell lymphoma.


Unbearable Pain

description: A sensation of extreme discomfort and anguish that is overwhelming and unendurable.


Grade 5 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

description: Death


name: Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Periosteal fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant fibroblastic tumor arising from the periosteal connective tissue that surrounds a bone.


description: A rare malignant tumor of soft tissue characterized by a bimorphic pattern composed of undifferentiated small round cells and islands of well differentiated hyaline cartilage.


name: Very Low Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


Extraskeletal Osteoma

description: A rare benign overgrowth of bone arising from extraskeletal sites.


Angiosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An angiosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Benign stromal tumor

description: A benign neoplasm composed of mesenchymal stromal cells without evidence of cellular atypia.


Advanced Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma

description: A leiomyosarcoma arising from an anatomic site other than skin.


Hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma metastatic

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma which has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Very Low Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Very Low Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Kaposi Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A Kaposi sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


name: High Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of skin

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the skin.


name: Very Low Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: High Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Epithelioid Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An epithelioid sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Very Low Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Intermediate Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Angiomyosarcoma

description: A malignant smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical spindle cells and formation of vascular channels.


Benign Orbit Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Leiomyosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A leiomyosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: High Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Unresectable Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: High Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Intermediate Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma recurrent

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes, which has recurred after treatment.


Giant cell sarcoma

description: A sarcoma characterized by the presence of large, anaplastic malignant cells.


name: High Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 2


Mixed osteosarcoma

description: A term referring to conventional osteosarcomas which do not have a dominant matrix pattern and contain a mixture of osteoid matrix in combination with chondroid matrix and/or collagen fibers.


Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma with lipomatous differentiation.


name: Solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma grade 1

description: A hemangiopericytoma without malignant morphologic or clinical characteristics.


Metastatic Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes without evidence of metastases.


name: Intermediate Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 2


name: Intermediate Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Benign Mediastinal Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum.


Benign Kidney Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the kidney.


Refractory Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


description: A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells, histiocytic cells, and a storiform growth pattern.


name: Well Differentiated Malignant Hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma with well-differentiated morphological features.


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 3


name: Intermediate Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Congenital Ventricular Tachycardia

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates in the ventricles that is present at birth.


Grade 3 Delayed Puberty, CTCAE

description: No breast development by age 14 yrs for females; no increase in testes volume or no Tanner Stage 2 by age 16 yrs for males; hormone replacement indicated


Delayed Puberty, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by unusually late sexual maturity.


Grade 2 Delayed Puberty, CTCAE

description: No breast development by age 13 yrs for females; testes volume of <3 cc or no Tanner Stage 2 development by age 14.5 yrs for males


name: Skene Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra

description: A rare urethral adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Anaplastic Ependymoma

description: Anaplastic ependymoma that is resistant to treatment.


quercetin O-glucoside

A quercetin O-glycoside that is an O-glucosylated derivative of quercetin.


UV Radiation Exposure

description: The exposure to uv radiation via incident light from the sun.


Unintended Radiation Exposure

description: The unintentional exposure to radiation of a person.


name: Psoralen and Ultraviolet A (PUVA) Therapy Exposure

description: A finding indicating that a patient has been exposed to psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy for a benign or malignant condition.


Unresectable Vaginal Carcinoma

description: Vaginal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Non-Neoplastic Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver parenchyma and the intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholangitis.


Secondary Biliary Cholangitis

description: Biliary cirrhosis due to obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts.


Post-Hepatitis Chronic Hepatopathy

description: Chronic liver disease that occurs secondary to, and after recovery from, hepatitis.


Severe Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension with variceal bleeding, ascites, chronic jaundice, or status post liver transplantation.


Mitochondrial hepatopathy

description: A liver disorder caused by primary or secondary defects in the function of the mitochondria in the hepatocytes.


Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver

description: A non-neoplastic, regenerating hepatocellular hyperplasia, secondary to the presence of focal vascular abnormalities in the liver.


Hepatitis toxoplasmal

description: Hepatitis caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.


Mild Liver Disease

description: Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without portal hypertension.


name: Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis B

description: Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis b infection.


Viral hepatitis, type G

description: A form of liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis G virus.


Central hemorrhagic necrosis of liver

description: A disorder in which damaged or dying hepatocytes severely impair venous outflow leading to sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage.


Chronic liver disease

description: Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests.


Hepatic sclerosis

description: A thickening of the liver parenchyma. Hepatic sclerosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis may exist along a continuum.


Acute Hepatitis E Infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis E virus, which is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. Signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools and joint pain. There is no specific anti-viral treatment, the infection resolves on its own.


Liver calculus

description: The presence of solitary or multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Moderate Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis with portal hypertension but without any history of variceal bleeding.


name: Liver Disease Associated with Cystic Fibrosis

description: A spectrum of liver disorders that develop in patients with cystic fibrosis. It includes asymptomatic elevation of the liver function tests, steatosis, cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma.


Chronic viral hepatitis

description: Chronic hepatitis caused by viruses, most commonly hepatitis viruses B and C.


Alcoholic Cirrhosis with Ascites

description: A disorder of the liver secondary to the excessive consumption of ethanol that is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Ductal plate malformation

description: A congenital disorder of the intrahepatic bile ducts characterized by abnormal embryonal development of the ductal plates.


Hepatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the liver.


name: Grade 1 Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

description: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated


name: Grade 3 Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

description: Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization indicated; limiting self care ADL


name: Grade 4 Cytokine Release Syndrome, CTCAE

description: Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated


Cytokine Release Syndrome, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by fever, tachypnea, headache, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, and/or hypoxia caused by the release of cytokines.


Grade 5 Allergic Reaction, CTCAE

description: Death


name: Grade 2 Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

description: Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate instrumental ADL


Grade 1 Autoimmune Disorder, CTCAE

description: Asymptomatic; serologic or other evidence of autoimmune reaction, with normal organ function; intervention not indicated


Grade 5 Anaphylaxis, CTCAE

description: Death


name: Grade 2 Cytokine Release Syndrome, CTCAE

description: Hypotension responding to fluids; hypoxia responding to <40% O2


Grade 2 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

description: Moderate arthralgia; fever, rash, urticaria, antihistamines indicated


name: Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE


name: Grade 4 Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE


Grade 3 Allergic Reaction, CTCAE

description: Bronchospasm; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae; intravenous intervention indicated


Grade 4 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

description: Life-threatening consequences; pressor or ventilatory support indicated


Grade 5 Autoimmune Disorder, CTCAE

description: Death


Grade 3 Anaphylaxis, CTCAE

description: Symptomatic bronchospasm, with or without urticaria; parenteral intervention indicated; allergy-related edema/angioedema; hypotension


name: Grade 5 Immune System Disorders - Other, Specify, CTCAE

description: Death


Grade 1 Allergic Reaction, CTCAE

description: Systemic intervention not indicated


Autoimmune Disorder, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to his own tissue constituents.


Grade 3 Autoimmune Disorder, CTCAE

description: Autoimmune reactions involving major organ (e.g., colitis, anemia, myocarditis, kidney)


Allergic Reaction, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by an adverse local or general response from exposure to an allergen.


Anaphylaxis, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction resulting from the release of histamine and histamine-like substances from mast cells, causing a hypersensitivity immune response. Clinically, it presents with breathing difficulty, dizziness, hypotension, cyanosis and loss of consciousness and may lead to death.


Grade 2 Autoimmune Disorder, CTCAE

description: Evidence of autoimmune reaction involving a non-essential organ or function (e.g., hypothyroidism)


name: Grade 1 Cytokine Release Syndrome, CTCAE

description: Fever with or without constitutional symptoms


Grade 3 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

description: Severe arthralgia or arthritis; extensive rash; steroids or IV fluids indicated


Grade 1 Serum Sickness, CTCAE

description: Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; intervention not indicated


name: Grade 5 Cytokine Release Syndrome, CTCAE

description: Death


Grade 2 Allergic Reaction, CTCAE

description: Oral intervention indicated


Serum Sickness, CTCAE 5.0

description: A disorder characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to foreign proteins derived from an animal serum. It occurs approximately six to twenty-one days following the administration of the foreign antigen. Symptoms include fever, arthralgias, myalgias, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, chest marked discomfort and dyspnea.


Grade 5 Anal Ulcer, CTCAE

description: Death


diarylmethane

Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.


ESMETHADONE

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


name: Grade 4 Large Bowel Mucositis or Stomatitis by Clinical Examination Classification, CTCAE


name: Two Separate Tumor Masses Present in the Same Organ

description: A finding indicating the presence of two separate tumor masses in the same organ.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Cystic Nephroma

description: A cystic nephroma that occurs in very young children.


Childhood Benign Kidney Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the kidney and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

description: A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


Grade 2 Growth Accelerated, CTCAE

description: >= +2 SD (standard deviation) above mid parental height or target height


Growth Accelerated, CTCAE

description: A disorder characterized by greater growth than expected for age.


name: Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm by Anatomic Region


Cervical Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervical esophagus.


FLUOROBENZENE

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


name: Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of kidney

description: A very rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the kidney.


name: Unresectable Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1 or T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0 or N1, M0).  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  T3: Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. Lesions have been divided into T3a, T3b, and T3c. T3a: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm. T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)