Short stature

description: A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).


Shunt occlusion

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


sialadenitis

description: Sialadenitis is an infection of the salivary glands. It is usually caused by a virus or bacteria. The parotid (in front ofthe ear) and submandibular (under the chin) glands are most commonly affected. Sialadenitis may be associated with pain, tenderness, redness, and gradual, localized swelling of the affected area. Sialadenitis most commonly affects the elderly and chronically ill especially those with dry mouth or who are dehydrated, but can also affected people of any age including newborn babies. Diagnosis is usually made by clinical exam but a CT scan, MRI scan or ultrasound may be done if the doctor suspects an abscess or to look for stones. Treatment may include an antibiotic (if bacterial), warm compresses, increasing fluid intake and good oral hygiene. Most salivary gland infections go away on their own or are cured with treatment. Complications are not common.


atrial standstill

description: Atrial standstill is a rare cardiac rhythm disease with a few familial and sporadic cases described to date that is characterized by a transient or permanent absence of electrical and mechanical atrial activity. Electrocardiographic findings include bradycardia, ectopic supraventricular rhythms, lack of atrial excitability and absent P waves.


Sinus Pain

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Painful sensation in the face, between the eyes, or upper teeth originating from the sinuses. It is usually caused by sinus infections.


Polyp of nasal sinus

description: A polyp that arises from the paranasal sinus mucosa. Causes include allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and cystic fibrosis. It is characterized by the presence of edematous tissue infiltrated by inflammatory cells, including eosinophils.


Scaling skin

description: Refers to the loss of the outer layer of the epidermis in large, scale-like flakes.


Fragile skin

description: Skin that splits easily with minimal injury.


hyperpigmentation of the skin

description: Darkening of the skin due to excessive melanin deposition. Causes include skin injuries, pregnancy, eczema, and Addison disease.


skin infection

description: An inflammatory process affecting the skin, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Examples of bacterial infection include carbuncles, furuncles, impetigo, erysipelas, and abscesses. Examples of viral infection include shingles, warts, molluscum contagiosum, and pityriasis rosea. Examples of parasitic infection include scabies and lice. Examples of fungal infection include athlete's foot, yeast infection, and ringworm.


Skin lesion

description: A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of skin.


Cutaneous necrosis

description: Skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis (tissue death). Clinically, cutaneous necrosis may present as a painful and extremely tender black eschar (dead tissue found in a full-thickness wound) surrounded by dusky grey-red colored skin.


skin papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplastic growth on the skin composed of epithelial cells and a fibrous stalk. It usually develops in the eyelid, axilla, neck, upper chest, and groin.


Premature skin wrinkling

description: The presence of an increased degree of wrinkling (irregular folds and indentations) of the skin as compared with age-related norms.


sleep-wake disorder

description: Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the circadian rhythm which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.


name: Sleep disorder due to general medical condition, insomnia type


Sleep paralysis

description: An inability to move the body at the onset of sleep or upon awakening from sleep, lasting for seconds to a few minutes.


Sleep terror

description: Episodes of intense fear, screaming, and flailing occur even though the affected individuals are still asleep.


fetal growth restriction

description: A fetus that does not grow beyond the 10th percentile of conventionally accepted weight for gestational age.


Small bowel obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of the small intestinal contents.


Small intestinal perforation

description: A hole (perforation) in the wall of the small intestine.


Small Intestinal Ulcer

description: A circumscribed inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion in the mucosa surface of the small intestine.


Abnormal PAP Smear

description: A finding indicating the presence of abnormal cervical cells in a Pap smear.


Snoring

description: Deep, noisy breathing during sleep, accompanied by hoarse or harsh sounds, is caused by the vibration of respiratory structures, especially the soft palate. This vibration results in sound due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping.


Excessive daytime somnolence

description: A state of abnormally strong desire for sleep during the daytime.


speech disorder

description: A term referring to disorders characterized by the disruption of normal speech. It includes stuttering, lisps, dysarthria and voice disorders.


spina bifida

description: A congenital neural tube defect in which vertebrae are not fully formed. It results in the protrusion of the spinal cord through the opening of the vertebrae.


Fractured vertebra

description: A partial or complete breakage of the vertebra.


osteoarthritis, spine

description: A degenerative joint disease involving the spine. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (cartilage, articular), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (osteophyte).


splenic disorder

description: A disease involving the spleen.


splenic abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the spleen.


Splenic rupture

description: A breach of the capsule of the spleen.


sporotrichosis

description: The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound.


Athletic Injuries

description: An injury sustained while practicing or competing in a sport.


skin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising from the squamous cells of the epidermis. Skin squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas. The majority of the tumors are well-differentiated.


cervical squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It usually evolves from a precancerous cervical lesion. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The following histologic patterns have been described: conventional squamous cell carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, condylomatous carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma. Survival is most closely related to the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis.


tongue squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the tongue. It usually presents as a painful ulcerated or nodular lesion. The size of the tumor and the status of the lymph nodes are the most important factors that determine prognosis.


Stasis dermatitis

description: Stasis dermatitis commonly occurs in older age. It is caused by venous hypertension resulting from retrograde flow due to incompetent venous valves, valve destruction, or obstruction of the venous system. Further tissue changes arise from an inflammatory process mediated by metalloproteinases, which are up-regulated by ferric ion from extravasated red blood cells. Stasis dermatitis presents initially as poorly demarcated erythematous plaques of the lower legs bilaterally, classically involving the medial malleolus.


status asthmaticus

description: An acute exacerbation of asthma, characterized by inadequate response to initial bronchodilators.


stereotypic movement disorder

description: Motor behavior that is repetitive, often seemingly driven, and nonfunctional. This behavior markedly interferes with normal activities or results in severe bodily self-injury. The behavior is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. (dsm-iv, 1994)


Fractured sternum

description: A partial or complete breakage of the sternum.


strabismus

description: Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


Stress

description: The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


Stress Fractures

description: A small, traumatic break or severe bruising of a bone caused by repetitive application of force.


Stridor

description: Stridor is a high pitched sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway.


Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema

description: The infiltration of air into the skin tissue secondary to traumatic tissue disruption.


Sudden death

description: Rapid and unexpected death.


Subdural hemorrhage

description: Hemorrhage occurring between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.


sudden infant death syndrome

description: Unexpected death in infancy which remains unexplained following autopsy, review of the medical history, and investigation of the death circumstances and death scene.


sagittal sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the superior sagittal sinus or the inferior sagittal sinus. Sagittal sinus thrombosis can result from infections, hematological disorders, craniocerebral trauma; and neurosurgical procedures. Clinical features are primarily related to the increased intracranial pressure causing headache; nausea; and vomiting. Severe cases can evolve to seizures or coma.


superior vena cava syndrome

description: Obstruction of the blood flow in the superior vena cava caused by a malignant neoplasm, thrombosis, or aneurysm. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Signs and symptoms include swelling and cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms, cough, orthopnea, and headache.


Premature atrial contractions

description: A type of cardiac arrhythmia with premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites.


sweat gland neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the sweat glands.


Swelling

description: Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation


syndactyly

description: A disease characterized by the presence of syndactyly, including syndromic and non-syndromic forms.


Systemic lupus erythematosus rash

description: A rash associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.


T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell lineage. It includes the T lymphoblastic lymphoma and the mature T- and NK-cell lymphomas. -- 2003


Talipes

description: A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus.


Tearfulness

description: A feeling of sadness characterized by episodes of crying that can occur suddenly and are not easily controlled in social situations.


temporal lobe epilepsy

description: A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see epilepsy, complex partial) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)


name: temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

description: A common disorder noted with jaw movement. It may be caused by malocclusion, repetitive use injury, trauma or arthritis. It is more prevalent among females between their second and fourth decades. Clinical signs include preauricular pain, temporomandibular joint clicking (as the mandibular condyle slips from the articulation made with the capsular disk and temporal bone) and restriction of jaw motion. Clinical course is typically benign but may progress to associated headaches, ear and neck pain, tinnitus and dislocation of temporomandibular joint. Prognosis is favorable as a majority of cases will respond to conservative management.


Soreness

description: A dull achy pain.


tendinopathy

description: Disorders that are causes by overuse of tendons.


teratoma

description: A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of various tissues which correspond to the different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It occurs in the testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites including central nervous system, mediastinum, lung, and stomach. According to the level of differentiation of the tissues which comprise the tumor, teratomas are classified as mature or immature. Mature teratomas are composed of well differentiated, adult-type tissues. Immature teratomas are composed of immature, fetal-type tissues. Testicular teratomas in children follow a benign clinical course. Mature ovarian teratomas without a fetal-type component have an excellent outcome. The prognosis of immature ovarian teratomas is related to the grade and stage of the tumor.


atrophy of testis

description: Loss of testicular volume.


testicular disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the testis. Representative examples include torsion, infarction, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, lymphoma, and leukemia.


Testicular pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to one or both testes.


Decreased Therapeutic Response

description: A reduction in the desirable and beneficial effects resulting from a medical  treatment.


Throat cancer

description: Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from epithelial cells of the larynx or pharynx.


thrombocytopenic purpura

description: Purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors.


thrombotic microangiopathy

description: The syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable signs of organ impairment, due to platelet aggregation in the microcirculation.


thyroid tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.


subacute thyroiditis

description: Self-limited inflammation of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Patients present with neck pain, often associated with fever and dysphagia. The clinical course includes an initial phase of hyperthyroidism, followed by a phase of hypothyroidism, and eventually a return to normal thyroid function.


tic disorder

description: Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)


tongue disorder

description: A disease involving the tongue.


tongue cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm affecting the tongue. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas.


Tongue edema

description: An abnormal accumulation of fluid and swelling in the tongue.


Tonic seizure

description: A tonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by unilateral or bilateral limb stiffening or elevation, often with neck stiffening.


tonsil cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the tonsil.


Enlarged tonsils

description: Increase in size of the tonsils, small collections of lymphoid tissue facing into the aerodigestive tract on either side of the back part of the throat.


dental abscess

description: A tooth disease characterized by a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth.


Tooth Discoloration

description: A change in tooth color. Causes may be local or systemic and include tobacco use, foods, dental plaques, caries, restorative filling materials, trauma, medications, infections, hereditary diseases, and nutritional deficiencies.


tooth erosion, non-bacterial

description: Progressive loss of tooth tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)


Tooth Loss

description: One or more teeth lost/dislodged from the mouth.


Abnormality of the dentition

description: Any abnormality of the teeth.


tooth resorption

description: Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)


cervical dystonia

description: Cervical dystonia is a neurological condition characterized by excessive pulling of the muscles of the neck and shoulder resulting in abnormal movements of the head (dystonia).Most commonly, the head turns to one side or the other.Tilting sideways, or to the back or front may also occur.The turning or tilting movements may be accompanied by shaking movement (tremor) and/or soreness of the muscles of the neck and shoulders.Cervical dystonia can occur at any age, but most cases occur in middle age. It often begins slowly and usually reaches a plateau over a few months or years. The cause of cervical dystonia is often unknown. In some cases there is a family history. Several genes have been associated with cervical dystonia, including GNAL, THAP1, CIZ1, and ANO3. Other cases may be linked to an underlying disease (e.g. Parkinson disease), neck trauma, or certain medications. Treatment may include local injections of botulinum toxin, pain medications, benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety medications), anticholinergics,physical therapy, or surgery.


tracheitis

description: A tracheal disease which involves bacterial infection of the trachea often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci that follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms include barking croup cough, loud squeaking noise while breathing, scratchy feeling in the throat, high fever, and production of large amounts of pus-filled secretions.


tracheobronchitis

description: Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree.


Transfusion Reaction

description: Adverse events associated with the transfusion of whole blood or one of its components, most commonly a hemolytic reaction to cross-typed blood.


transient global amnesia

description: A condition characterized by sudden, temporary, usually short-lived memory loss, not associated with a neurologic disorder. Affected individuals lose memory function for recent events and have a decreased ability to retain new information. It is usually a solitary event.


Tremor

description: An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.


transposition of the great arteries

description: A congenital cardiac defect in which two heart vessels are reversed (transposed).


lateral sinus thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lateral sinuses. This condition is often associated with ear infections (otitis media or mastoiditis) without antibiotic treatment. In developed nations, lateral sinus thrombosis can result from craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; neurosurgical procedures; thrombophilia; and other conditions. Clinical features include headache; vertigo; and increased intracranial pressure.


piracetam

mrdef: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.


name: Triiodothyronine level below reference range


trichotillomania

description: A disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before pulling out the hair and a sense of gratification or relief when pulling out the hair.


tricuspid valve insufficiency

description: The backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, owning to imperfect functioning/insufficiency of the tricuspid valve.


Trismus

description: Limitation in the ability to open the mouth.


trigger thumb

description: A painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. It is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. Thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (From Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58).


persistent truncus arteriosus

description: A rare congenital cardiovascular disorder characterized by the failure of the embryologic structure truncus arteriosus to divide into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. It results in the presence of a single vessel instead of two vessels leading out of the heart. Clinical signs and symptoms include cyanosis that is present at birth, poor growth, dyspnea, tachypnea, arrhythmia, cardiomegaly, and heart failure. If it is not surgically repaired, it leads to death.


pleural tuberculosis

description: Inflammation of the pleura secondary to an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


tumor lysis syndrome

description: A condition of metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells. Tumor lysis syndrome typically occurs in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. Burkitt lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are commonly associated with this syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia and may result in renal failure, multiple organ failure, and death.


Tumor Pain

description: A painful sensation caused by the tumor growth.


Peripheral visual field loss

description: Loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.


Twin Pregnancy

description: A pregnancy involving two fetuses.


IgE responsiveness, atopic

description: Immediate hypersensitivity reaction - type I reaction, involves immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13, which then act on B cells to promote the production of antigen-specific IgE. Reexposure to the antigen can then result in the antigen binding to and cross-linking the bound IgE antibodies on the mast cells and basophils. This causes the release of preformed mediators (histamine, tryptase, tryptase, chemotactic factors), newly synthesized mediators (leukotrienes, prostaglandin, thromboxane, platelet-activating factor, adenosine, bradykinin), and cytokines from these cells that results in structural and functional changes to the affected tissue.


ulcer disease

description: A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


Unresponsive to Stimuli

description: An individual whose level of consciousness is such that he is not responsive to any stimulus.


Cylindruria

description: The presence of renal casts (cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney in certain disease states) in the urine.


ureteral obstruction

description: Blockage in any part of the ureter causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as hydronephrosis and obstructive nephropathy.


Ureteral stenosis

description: The presence of a stenotic, i.e., constricted ureter.


carcinoma of urethra

description: A carcinoma that involves the urethra.


Bladder hemorrhage

description: Bleeding originating from the urinary bladder wall.


urinary system disorder

description: A disease involving the renal system.


nabiximols

mrdef: Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.

description: A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.


Urogenital fistula

description: The presence of a fistula affecting the genitourinary system.


uterine cancer

description: Primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the uterine corpus and/or the cervix.


uterine disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include endometritis and cervicitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include endometrial carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and cervical carcinoma.


Enlarged uterus

description: An increase in the overall dimensions or volume of the uterus compared to normal.


Uterine hemorrhage

description: Bleeding originating from the uterus.


Uterine Pain

description: A painful sensation in the uterus.


Uterine Perforation

description: A rupture in the uterus due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


uterine polyp

description: A benign protruding lesion arising either from the endometrial cavity (endometrial polyp) or the endocervix (endocervical polyp). It may occasionally recur following complete resection.


Uterine prolapse

description: The presence of prolapse of the uterus.


Uterine rupture

description: The complete, nonsurgical disruption of all layers of the uterus.


vaginal discharge

description: Normal or abnormal secretions from the vagina. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. Causes of abnormal vaginal discharge include infectious agents (e.g., Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas, and Candida albicans), the presence of foreign bodies, and cervical or vaginal cancer.


Vaginal Hemorrhage

description: Bleeding originating from the vagina.


infective vaginitis

description: An infectious process affecting the vagina. Symptoms include pain and purulent discharge.


varicocele

description: A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the spermatic cord with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.


vascular hemostatic disease

description: Pathological processes involving the integrity of blood circulation. Hemostasis depends on the integrity of blood vessels, blood fluidity, and blood coagulation. Majority of the hemostatic disorders are caused by disruption of the normal interaction between the vascular endothelium, the plasma proteins (including blood coagulation factors), and platelets.


Vasospasm

description: Narrowing of an artery due to constriction of the blood vessels.


vein disorder

description: A disease involving the vein.


Thrombosis of vena cava

description: The formation of a thrombus in the vena cava.


Venous Injury

description: Damage to a vein from traumatic or pathologic processes.


Elevated jugular venous pressure

description: Increased jugular venous pressure.


Ventricular hypertrophy

description: Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.


ventricular septal defect

description: The presence of a defect (opening) in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It can be congenital or acquired.


vertebrobasilar insufficiency

description: Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the brain stem; cerebellum; occipital lobe; medial temporal lobe; and thalamus. Characteristic clinical features include syncope; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and vertigo. brain stem infarctions or other brain infarction may be associated.


vesicoureteral reflux

description: Abnormal flow of urine from the urinary bladder back into the ureters.


vestibular disorder

description: Pathological processes of the vestibular labyrinth which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.


Virilization

description: The development of normal male puberty due to testosterone effect or the abnormal development of male secondary sexual characteristics in children and females due to excessive androgens.


Visual field defect

description: An absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision.


Reduced vital capacity

description: An abnormal reduction on the vital capacity, which is defined as the total lung capacity (volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation) less the residual volume (i.e., volume of air in the lungs following maximal exhalation) of the lung.


abducens nerve disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve).


vitreous detachment

description: Detachment of the vitreous humor from the retina.


vitreous body disorder

description: Any disease affecting the vitreous body of the eye.


Vitreous floaters

description: Deposits of various size, shape, consistency, refractive index, and motility within the eye's vitreous humor, which is normally transparent.


hyalitis

description: Inflammatory intraocular reaction with clouding and cells in vitreous; often accompanies inflammation of ciliary body, iris, choroid, or retina.


Vocal cord dysfunction

description: Any functional anomaly of the vocal cord.


Vocal cord paralysis

description: A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds.


intestinal volvulus

description: Twisting of a loop of bowel that results in intestinal obstruction.


Projectile vomiting

description: Vomiting that ejects the gastric contents with great force.


Vulvar abscess

description: A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the vulvar region.


vulvar disease

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection, Bartholin gland adenoma, and vulvar carcinoma.


inherited obesity

description: Abnormally low body weight.


Failure to thrive

description: Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.


Abnormal leukocyte count

description: Number of leukocytes per volume of blood beyond normal limits.


Wound Infection

description: Infection of a break in the skin or other tissue.


Leukocytosis

description: A laboratory test result indicating an increased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood.


substance withdrawal syndrome

description: A substance-specific organic brain syndrome that follows the discontinuation of administration or use, or reduction in intake of a substance (including alcohol, prescribed medications and recreational drugs). Syndrome manifests with diverse, often painful physical and psychological symptoms, which include but not limited to intense drug craving, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nausea, perspiration, body aches, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions.


Wound dehiscence

description: Splitting of the sutured margins of a surgical wound. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, obesity, and advanced age.


Fracture of wrist

description: Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Yawning

description: An involuntary deep inhalation with the mouth open, often a sign of drowsiness or boredom.


Mental Status Change

description: An alteration in the mental status of an individual.


Pneumoperitoneum

description: Free air within the peritoneal cavity.


Aneurysm, Ruptured

description: An aneurysm that has burst, resulting in hemorrhage into adjacent tissues.


Dandy-Walker syndrome

description: Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) is the association of three signs: hydrocephalus, partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, and posterior fossa cyst contiguous with the fourth ventricle, presenting early in life with hydrocephalus, bulging occiput and posterior fossa signs such as cranial nerve palsies, nystagmus and ataxia.


Enlarged kidney

description: An abnormal increase in the size of the kidney.


lip disorder

description: A disease involving the lip.


Cystocele

description: Anterior vaginal wall prolapse with bulging of the bladder into the vagina.


Plagiocephaly

description: Asymmetric head shape, which is usually a combination of unilateral occipital flattening with ipsilateral frontal prominence, leading to rhomboid cranial shape.


Abnormality of the umbilical cord

description: An abnormality of the umbilical cord, which is the cord connecting the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta.


Cardiotoxicity

description: Toxicity that impairs or damages the heart. This condition is often caused by the administration of a pharmaceutical agent that initiates a poisonous or toxic response in cardiac tissue.


Transudative pleural effusion

description: A type of pleural effusion with a transudate (extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity). Pleural effusions can be classified as transudates or exudates based on Light's criteria, which classify an effusion as exudate if one or more of the following are present: (1) the ratio of pleural fluid protein to serum protein is greater than 0.5, (2) the ratio of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to serum LDH is greater than 0.6, or (3) the pleural fluid LDH level is greater than two thirds of the upper limit of normal for serum LDH.


intestinal polyp

description: Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the intestine. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.


Pseudoarthrosis

description: A pathologic entity characterized by a developmental defect in a long bone leading to bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form a normal bony callus with subsequent fibrous nonunion, leading to the pseudarthrosis (or "false joint").


Wound Discharge

description: The material exuded from a wound, either surgical or traumatic.


name: idiopathic spontaneous coronary artery dissection

description: The spontaneous occurrence of a dissection of the coronary artery. The clinical recognition of this phenomenon has increased as coronary angiography is becoming more commonly used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. The etiology of the condition has not been fully elucidated, but the mean age of presentation is 30-45 years, more than 70% are women, and 30% of cases occur in the peripartum period.


Atrial thrombosis

description: Presence of a blood clot in the atria of the heart.


lymphocele

description: A cystic lesion containing lymph. It usually results from injury, gynecologic surgery, or urologic surgery.


rheumatoid nodulosis

description: A particular variant of polyarthritis associated with early manifestations of palindromic rheumatism, radiologic subchondral bone cysts, and subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules.


Joint Range of Motion Decreased

description: Decreased joint flexibility.


Pneumocephalus

description: The presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.


Tooth Infection

description: An infectious process affecting a tooth.


Carotid Bruit

description: An innocent murmur with a medium pitched, harsh character heard at the right or left upper sternal border, supraclavicular region, or anterior portion of the lower neck that disappears with bilateral shoulder hyperextension. (ACC/AHA)


Increased Energy

description: Feeling of excessive energy, which may be associated with increased activity.


myofascial pain syndrome

description: Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.


name: acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

description: A widespread acute rash characterized by fever and multiple small pustules on a reddish background.


deafness, unilateral

description: A unilateral absence of sensory perception of sound.


Sinus Rhythm

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an atrial rhythm which originates from the sinoatrial node that is considered normal for the population. (CDISC)


Rectal abscess

description: A collection of pus in the area of the rectum.


Localized Edema

description: Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.


carotid artery occlusion

description: A occlusion precerebral artery that involves the carotid artery segment.


Pseudoaneurysm

description: A contained rupture of an artery with a disruption in all 3 layers of the arterial wall.


Cytomegalovirus colitis

description: A form of cytomegalovirus infection characterized by infection and inflammation of the colon.


Bladder Spasm

description: A sudden and involuntary contraction of the bladder wall.


Acute phase response

description: Presence of one or more manifestations of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins (APP) are blood proteins primarily synthesized by hepatocytes as part of the acute phase response (APR). The APR is part of the early-defense or innate immune system, which is triggered by different stimuli including trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and inflammation. The APR results in a complex systemic reaction with the goal of reestablishing homeostasis and promoting healing.


Cytomegaloviral gastritis

description: Inflammation of stomach that is associated with cytomegalovirus.


Esophagitis caused by Cytomegalovirus

description: Inflammation of the esophagus that is associated with cytomegalovirus.


Axillary Mass

description: An abnormal growth in the axilla.


camptodactyly of fingers

description: Camptodactyly of fingers is a rare, genetic, non-syndromic, congenital limb malformation characterized by a painless, non-traumatic, non-neurogenic, often bilateral, permanent flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal joint of a postaxial finger, resulting in permanent volar inclination of the affected digit. The fifth finger is always involved, but additional digits might also be affected.


Weight Fluctuation

description: Repetitive loss and regain of body weight.


autoimmune thyroid disease

description: Inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland due to autoimmune responses leading to lymphocytic infiltration of the gland. It is characterized by the presence of circulating thyroid antigen-specific T-cells and thyroid autoantibodies. The clinical signs can range from hypothyroidism to thyrotoxicosis depending on the type of autoimmune thyroiditis.


HELLP syndrome

description: A life-threatening condition that can potentially complicate pregnancy. It is named for 3 features of the condition: H emolysis, E levated L iver enzyme levels, and L ow P latelet levels. It typically occurs in the last 3 months of pregnancy (the third trimester) but can also start soon after delivery. A wide range of non-specific symptoms may be present in women with HELLP syndrome. Symptoms may include fatigue; malaise; fluid retention and excess weight gain; headache; nausea and vomiting; pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen; blurry vision; and rarely, nosebleed or seizures. The cause of HELLP syndrome is not known, but certain risk factors have been associated with the condition. It is most common in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia. If not diagnosed and treated quickly, HELLP syndrome can lead to serious complications for the mother and baby.The main treatment is to deliver the baby as soon as possible, even if premature. Treatment may also include medications needed for the mother or baby, and blood transfusion for severe bleeding problems.


Emotional Distress

description: Disturbed mental state characterized by moodiness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, and/or depression resulting from physical or mental stress.


patellofemoral pain syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) chondromalacia patellae, the latter describing a pathological condition of the cartilage and not a syndrome.


Neck Mass

description: An abnormal growth in the neck.


Fractured coccyx

description: A partial or complete breakage of the coccyx.


Abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate

description: A deviation from normal range of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen. A decreased ESR may be seen in polycythemia or in certain blood diseases in which red blood cells have an irregular or smaller shape that causes slower settling.


Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

description: An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.


Adactyly

description: The absence of all phalanges of all the digits of a limb and the associated soft tissues.


Abnormal hematocrit

description: Any deviation from the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


ankyloglossia

description: A developmental abnormality in which the bottom of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.


Onychomadesis

description: Complete shedding (separation) of the nail from the proximal matrix. Onychomadesis is the proximal separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix due to a temporary cessation of nail growth.


acquired lipodystrophy

description: An instance of lipodystrophy (disease) that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


cardiac conduction defect

description: The heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating resulting in death within a short time period (generally within 1 h of symptom onset).


Decreased Bone Density

description: A laboratory finding indicating the presence of lower than normal bone mineral density.


Increased serum serotonin

description: A increased concentration of serotonin in the blood.


Live Birth

description: The complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a fetus, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy, which, after such expulsion or extraction, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles.


Bleeding from anus

description: Bleeding originating from the anal area.


Increased muscle fatiguability

description: An abnormal, increased fatiguability of the musculature.


fungal esophagitis

description: Infection of the esophagus caused by fungi, most often candida albicans and candida tropicalis. It usually affects patients with immunodeficiency disorders or diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain on swallowing.


Homicidal Ideation

description: Thinking about ending or making plans to end another's life.


salpingo-oophoritis

description: Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries.


Tetraparesis

description: Weakness of all four limbs.


polyp of gallbladder

description: A polyp that involves the gall bladder.


Hemorrhage of urethra

description: Bleeding originating from the urethra.


silent myocardial infarction

description: A history of myocardial infarction in the absence of clinical symptoms and positive electrocardiographic findings.


Hemorrhagic Shock

description: Hypoperfusion of body tissues due to acute blood loss, resulting in cellular injury and vital organ dysfunction.


Single umbilical artery

description: Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord.


Osseous metaplasia

description: Heterotopic formation of normal bone within soft tissue.


craniosynostosis

description: Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to secondary distortion of skull shape resulting in skull deformities with a variable presentation. Craniosynostosis may occur in an isolated setting or as part of a syndrome.


Fractured cervical vertebra

description: A partial or complete breakage of the cervical vertebra.


Fractured lumbar vertebra

description: A partial or complete breakage of the lumbar vertebra.


intracranial hypotension

description: Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid pressure characterized clinically by headache which is maximal in an upright posture and occasionally by an abducens nerve palsy (see abducens nerve diseases), neck stiffness, hearing loss (see deafness); nausea; and other symptoms. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to spinal puncture; neurosurgical procedures; dehydration; uremia; trauma (see also craniocerebral trauma); and other processes. Chronic hypotension may be associated with subdural hematomas (see hematoma, subdural) or hygromas. (From Semin Neurol 1996 Mar;16(1):5-10; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp637-8)


name: Premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

description: A prenatal partial or complete closure of the ductus arteriosus (i.e., prior to delivery).


Bradyphrenia

description: Abnormal slowness of thought processes.


Abulia

description: Abulia is a severe form of apathy, characterized by difficulty in initiating and sustaining spontaneous movements, as well as reductions in emotional responsiveness, spontaneous speech, and social interaction.


name: inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder

description: Diseases caused by abnormal function of the mitochondria. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial dna or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.


Left ventricular dilatation

description: Enlargement of the chamber of the left heart ventricle.


Purulent sputum

description: Sputum contains pus.


Duodenal stenosis

description: The narrowing or partial blockage of a portion of the duodenum.


Epidural Hematoma

description: A collection of blood into the space between the dura mater and the skull.


subclavian steal syndrome

description: An uncommon neurovascular condition seen with exertion of the upper extremity. It is usually caused by atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. In order to maintain adequate perfusion of the arm during exercise on the affected side, the narrowed subclavian artery siphons off retrograde blood flow from the ipsilateral vertebral artery. This is possible due to lower blood pressure distal to the site of narrowing and collateral circulation through the circle of Willis. Affected individuals may remain asymptomatic until the oxygen demand generated from upper extremity exercise requires a large enough compensatory volume of blood to be diverted from the vertebral artery to provoke vertebrobasilar insufficiency and its accompanying neurological sequelae. Presenting clinical signs may include pain or numbness of the affected arm (with diminished pulses and a brachial systolic blood pressure differential of greater than 20 mmHg as compared to the opposite arm), vertigo, tinnitus, dysarthria, diplopia and syncope. Notably, unlike cerebral infarction, the clinical course does not lead to chronic neurologic disability. Prognosis for recovery of normal anterograde circulation is favorable following endovascular or surgical intervention.


megalencephaly

description: A congenital abnormality in which the occipitofrontal circumference is greater than two standard deviations above the mean for a given age. It is associated with hydrocephalus; subdural effusion; arachnoid cysts; or is part of a genetic condition (e.g., alexander disease; sotos syndrome).


Pneumomediastinum

description: The presence of free air in the mediastinum.


Inguinal abscess

description: A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in the groin (inguinal region).


Low self-esteem

description: Low self-confidence and excessively critical feelings about oneself characterize a negative opinion about oneself.


Herniation of intervertebral nuclei

description: The presence of one or more herniated nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk.


Right ventricular hypertrophy

description: In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal.


Oropharyngeal candidiasis

description: Infection of the oropharynx with, or disease caused by, Candida, especially C. albicans. This disease usually results from debilitation (as in immunosuppression and especially AIDS), physiologic change, prolonged administration of antibiotics, and iatrogenic and barrier breakage. SYN candidosis, moniliasis.


Facial Injuries

description: Trauma to the face.


carotid artery dissection

description: Spontaneous or traumatic separation of the layers of the carotid artery wall. It manifests with headache, neck pain, temporary vision loss, and/or ischemic stroke.


Tongue biting

description: Clamping of the teeth on the tongue, as can accompany a seizure. (ACC/AHA)


pineoblastoma

description: Pineoblastoma is a rare, malignant type of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET), found mainly in children (less than 10% of cases are reported in adults), and located in the pineal region of the brain but that can metastasize along the neuroaxis. As it is the most aggressive of the pineal parenchymal tumors, it is usually associated with a poor prognosis.


Contusions

description: Injury of the soft tissues or bone without breaking the skin that is characterized by blood leakage into the surrounding area.


Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the kidney to other anatomic sites.


Hyposmia

description: A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).


Ejection Fraction Decreased

description: A finding indicating a decrease in the volume of blood ejected during ventricular heart contraction.


Mitral valve calcification

description: Abnormal calcification of the mitral valve.


aortic valve calcification

description: Calcification of the aortic valve


Edentulous

description: An indication that an individual lacks teeth/dentition.


Prostatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the prostate gland.


engraftment syndrome

description: A toxicity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that manifests as fever, rash and pulmonary deterioration which becomes evident at marrow engraftment. It occurs unexpectedly and is occasionally fatal. It can occur after an autogeneic or an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.


Cytokine storm

description: Excessive or uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines.


name: Creatinine concentration in urine above normal


name: Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio increased


Decreased transferrin saturation

description: A below normal level of saturation of serum transferrin with iron.


name: Urine specific gravity above reference range


Hypochromia

description: A qualitative impression that red blood cells have less color than normal when examined under a microscope, usually related to a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells.


Chest Wall Pain

description: Painful sensation in the chest wall region.


name: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive vasculitis


Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

description: Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and anus).


congenital hydronephrosis

description: Congenital hydronephrosis is a renal urinary disease characterized by distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces secondary to various congenital obstructive malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract that can evolve to renal atrophy.


Gastric varix

description: Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach.


hyper-IgE syndrome

description: A condition that is characterized by elevated serum IgE, dermatitis, and respiratory infections.


macular holes

description: A hole in the macula of the retina.


Post procedural hemorrhage

description: Bleeding occurring after a medical intervention.


Lacunar stroke

description: A stroke related to a small infarct (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, that is presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.


name: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor foetopathy

description: Fetal embryopathy associated with maternal angiotensis converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use during pregnancy that may include fetal acute renal failure, growth restriction, oligohydramnios, calvaria abnormalities, preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia with respiratory distress.


Foreign Body Sensation

description: Feeling of grittiness or having something in the eye; frequently caused by a foreign body. Other possible causes include corneal abrasion, corneal ulcer, inturned eye lash or acute conjunctivitis.


name: Drug ineffective for unapproved indication


Hypofibrinogenemia

description: Decreased concentration of fibrinogen in the blood.


name: Electrocardiogram QRS Complex Shortened by ECG Finding

description: A QRS complex that is less than 120 milliseconds on electrocardiogram, reflexing rapid activation of the ventricles via the normal His-Purkinje system. It may indicate the presence of an arrhythmia originating above or within the His bundle.


name: 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in urine increased


campylobacteriosis

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus campylobacter.


Loss of eyelashes

description: This term refers to the loss of eyelashes that were previously present.


ochronosis disorder

description: A disorder characterized by bluish-black discoloration of the cartilaginous tissues due to accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is associated with alkaptonuria. Signs and symptoms include dark urine, skin pigmentation, and arthritis.


name: Inflammatory disease of the central nervous system


Central nervous system lesion

description: A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity in the central nervous system.


Exercise intolerance

description: A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and gender.


SAPHO syndrome

description: SAPHO syndrome (acronym for Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) is an auto-inflammatory disease, mainly characterized by the association of neutrophilic cutaneous involvement and chronic osteomyelitis.


T lymphocytopenia

description: An abnormally low count of T cells.


Bile Duct Stenosis

description: Narrowing or stricture of the bile duct.


Cytomegalovirus gastroenteritis

description: Gastroenteritis resulting from an infection with cytomegalovirus.


name: Cancer antigen 125 above reference range


Enterocutaneous fistula

description: An abnormal connection (fistula) between the intra-abdominal intestinal tract and the skin.


vitamin K-antagonist embryofetopathy

description: A teratogenic disorder observed in a newborn or child of a mother who was exposed to warfarin during pregnancy. Manifestations include nasal bridge depression, nasal bones hypoplasia, microcephaly, congenital heart disorders, and brachydactyly.


Hepatojugular reflux

description: The examiner applies firm but persistent pressure over the liver for 10 seconds while observing the mean jugular venous pressure. Normally there is either no rise or only a transient (i.e., 2 to 3 sec) rise in mean jugular venous pressure. A sustained increase in the mean venous pressure until abdominal compression is released is abnormal and indicates impaired right heart function. This abnormal response is called hepatojugular reflux.


gastric antral vascular ectasia

description: Dilatation of the vessels in the antrum of the stomach. It is associated with portal hypertension, scleroderma, and chronic renal failure. It may cause gastric bleeding.


polyp of large intestine

description: A polyp that involves the large intestine.


Conjunctival hyperemia

description: Dilatation of the blood vessels of the conjunctiva leading to a red appearance of the sclera.


digestive system adenoma

description: A sporadic or less frequently familial neoplasm, arising from the glandular epithelium of the stomach, small intestine, biliary tract, colon, and rectum. It is a polypoid or flat circumscribed lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The frequency of malignant transformation depends on the size of the lesion and the degree of dysplasia. Larger adenomas with severe dysplastic changes (sometimes called carcinoma in situ) carry a higher risk of progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma. Gastrointestinal adenomas may present as solitary or multifocal lesions. Familial adenomas tend to be multifocal and carry a higher risk of malignant transformation.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to chest wall

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the chest wall from another primary anatomic site.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to peritoneum

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the peritoneum from another primary anatomic site.


calciphylaxis

description: Calciphylaxis is a disease in which blood vessels (veins and arteries) become blocked by a build-up of calcium in the walls of the vessels, preventing blood from flowing to the skin or internal organs. The lack of blood flow (ischemia) damages healthy tissue and causes itto die (necrosis). The most obvious and frequent symptom of calciphylaxis is damage to the skin, as ulcers can developand become infected easily. Calciphylaxis can also affect fat tissue, internal organs, and skeletal muscle, causing infections, pain, and organ failure.These symptoms are often irreversible, and many individuals with calciphylaxis may not survive more thana few months after they are diagnosed due to infection that spreads throughout the body (sepsis), or organ failure. The exact cause of calciphylaxis is unknown. Treatments may include medications to reduce pain, antibiotics to treat infections, and various approaches to preventing the development or worsening of this condition.


Vascular calcification

description: Abnormal calcification of the vasculature.


Infusion-Related Reaction

description: A reaction to the infusion of pharmacological or biological substances. Symptoms may appear within minutes to hours following the infusion and may include pruritus, flushing, swelling, dyspnea, bronchospasm, and hypotension.


encephalomalacia

description: Localized atrophy of the brain parenchyma due to aging, hemorrhage, infarct, or inflammation.


Retrognathia

description: An abnormality in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.


Skin Induration

description: An area of hardness in the skin. Causes include inflammatory process and infiltration of the skin by malignant neoplasms.


Left atrial enlargement

description: Increase in size of the left atrium.


acute chest syndrome

description: A vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. It is characterized by the presence of a new radiodensity on a chest radiograph accompanied by fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia.


Cholesterol Deposit

description: Deposition of cholesterol in the skin. It appears as a slightly elevated and yellow bump usually in the skin around the eyes.


glomerular disorder

description: A disease involving the renal glomerulus.


Pneumatosis

description: The presence of gas in an anatomical location where it is not normally found.


neural tube defect

description: A congenital defect characterized by failure of the neural tube to close completely; this results in the presence of openings in the brain or spinal cord. Examples of neural tube defects include encephalocele and spina bifida.


Corneal decompensation

description: Endothelial decompensation that is manifested by opacity of the cornea. The condition often occurs as a nonspecific response to mechanical injury from incidental corneal contact by intraocular instruments during surgery; chemical injury from the improper use of intraocular drugs, drugs containing preservatives, or from residues from inadequate rinsing of detergents or other residues from surgical instruments. The most common causes of corneal endothelial decompensation in the adult population are cataract removal/IOL-related endothelial loss and Fuchs dystrophy. When severe, corneal endothelial decompensation requires corneal transplantation.


Anterior chamber flare

description: An abnormal appearance of the beam of light traveling through the anterior chamber of the eye in a slit lamp examination. The flare is produced by an increased concentration of proteins in the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber.


Ocular pruritus

description: Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased sensation of itching in the region of the eye.


Tumor associated fever

description: Non-infectious pyrexia secondary to malignancy; it may be attributable to cytokines elaborated by neoplasms, and is a diagnosis of exclusion.


bronchial neoplasm

description: Tumors or cancer of the bronchi.


Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia

description: Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign hepatic tumor. FNH develops within hepatic parenchymal tissue that is otherwise histologically normal. Macroscopically, the tumor is characterized by the presence of depressed, grayish-white scar, which is generally (but not always) located at the center of the lesion, with fibrous septa radiating outward, toward the periphery of the tumor. This stellate scar is found in only 50% of all FNH nodules, but its presence is regarded as pathognomonic. The lesion itself is usually lighter in color than the tissue that surrounds it, and it sometimes has a yellowish hue. FNH nodules are generally not capsulated; their margins are well defined, and they are sometimes lobulated.


Herpes esophagitis

description: Esophagitis resulting from exposure to herpes virus.


Diastolic dysfunction

description: Impairment in the filling of the ventricles during diastole. Causes include hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, chronic high blood pressure, aortic stenosis, and aging.


epidermodysplasia verruciformis

description: A rare inherited genodermatosis characterized by chronic infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) leading to polymorphous cutaneous lesions and high risk of developing non melanoma skin cancer.


name: Metastasis from malignant neoplasm of colon and/or rectum


colorectal adenocarcinoma

description: The most common type of colorectal carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells invading through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


systemic mycosis

description: A mycosis that involves the lungs, abdominal viscera, bones and or central nervous system.


name: Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium


Small intestinal bleeding

description: Bleeding from the small intestine.


Bilateral Deafness

description: Partial or total inability to hear sounds in both ears.


chronic urticaria

description: An urticaria that is characterized by the presence of urticaria for a period exceeding 6 weeks, assuming symptoms for most days of the week.


acquired Fanconi syndrome

description: Fanconi Syndrome caused by exposure to noxious agents.


Fractures, Comminuted

description: A type of fracture in which the break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site.


Hypoplasia of the thymus

description: Underdevelopment of the thymus.


chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

description: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the interalveolar septa and alveolar spaces and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Chest x-rays reveal peripheral infiltrates. Approximately half of the patients have history of asthma or atopic disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Following treatment with corticosteroids, the eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs disappear, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement.


Organ Failure

description: The failure of an essential system in the body.


Leukemic infiltration of skin

description: Cutaneous involvement by an acute or chronic leukemia.


Delusional disorder, persecutory type

description: A subtype of delusional disorder characterized by the central delusional theme that the individual is being malevolently treated (for example, maligned, harassed, conspired against, poisoned or drugged) by another person or group.


Thermal burn

description: A burn injury caused by heat or fire.


Difficulty walking

description: Reduced ability to walk (ambulate).


Fracture with displacement

description: A type of fracture in which the ends of the fractured bone are no longer aligned.


description: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH) is a type of fatty liver disease. It often develops due to a metabolic disorder, such as obesity or diabetes, resulting in a toxic buildup of fat in the liver. It is the most severe form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD).


chronic progressive multiple sclerosis

description: A form of multiple sclerosis characterized by a progressive deterioration in neurologic function which is in contrast to the more typical relapsing remitting form. If the clinical course is free of distinct remissions, it is referred to as primary progressive multiple sclerosis. When the progressive decline is punctuated by acute exacerbations, it is referred to as progressive relapsing multiple sclerosis. The term secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is used when relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis evolves into the chronic progressive form. (From Ann Neurol 1994;36 Suppl:S73-S79; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)


Clonic seizure

description: A clonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sustained rhythmic jerking, that is regularly repetitive.


trichosporonosis

description: Fungal infections caused by trichosporon that may become systemic especially in an immunocompromised host. Clinical manifestations range from superficial cutaneous infections to systemic lesions in multiple organs.


Traumatic hemorrhage

description: Vascular rupture, and the resulting loss of blood, due to physical injury.


Disorder of tonsil (palatine tonsil)

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


Bronchopleural Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity.


name: Human immunodeficiency virus transmission


name: Protein/Creatinine ratio in urine above normal


name: Urine albumin/creatinine ratio increased


Allodynia

description: Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


tuberculous peritonitis

description: A form of peritonitis seen in patients with tuberculosis, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ascites, abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and other systemic symptoms such as fever; weight loss; and anemia.


type IV hypersensitivity disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of type IV hypersensitivity.


neurodegenerative disease

description: A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function.


Iris transillumination defect

description: Transmission of light through the iris as visualized upon slit lamp examination or infrared iris transillumination videography. The light passes through defects in the pigmentation of the iris.


Wound Complication

description: A medical condition that develops at the site of an existing wound. Examples include swelling, draining, bleeding, formation of hematoma, infection, and necrosis.


benign fibrous histiocytoma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of fibroblastic spindle cells in a whorled storiform pattern. It is characterized by the presence of foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


acquired hemophilia

description: Acquired hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that interferes with the body's blood clotting process. Signs and symptoms include prolonged bleeding, frequent nosebleeds, bruising throughout the body, solid swellings of congealed blood (hematomas), hematuria, and gastrointestinal or urologic bleeding. Acquired hemophilia occurs when the body's immune system attacks and disables a certain protein that helps the blood clot. About half of the cases are associated with other conditions, such as pregnancy, autoimmune disease, cancer, skin diseases, or allergic reactions to medications.


thymalfasin

mrdef: A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.


Anterior chamber cells

description: Tiny deposits corresponding to cells floating in the anterior chamber of the eye. This appearance is typically associated with intraocular inflammation leading to breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and resulting in an increase in the number of cells and in the aqueous humor. Grading (SUN Working Group) is performed by estimating the number of cells in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp.


trisomy 18

description: Trisomy 18 is a chromosomal abnormality associated with the presence of an extra chromosome 18 and characterized by growth delay, dolichocephaly, a characteristic facies, limb anomalies and visceral malformations.


Increased RBC distribution width

description: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple parameter of the standard full blood count and a measure of heterogeneity in the size of circulating erythrocytes. It is provided by automated hematology analyzers and it reflects the range of the red cell size. It is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of erythrocyte volume by the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and multiplied by 100 to convert to a percentage.


microsporidiosis

description: A fungal infection caused by Microsporidia. It occurs in immunocompromised patients, causing diarrhea and wasting.


Progesterone Receptor Positive

description: An indication that progesterone receptor (PRG; PR) expression has been detected in a sample.


Nodule

description: A small lump, swelling or collection of tissue.


small intestine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the small intestine


Labile affect

description: Emotional instability characterized by rapid and dramatic mood swings. (ACC/AHA)


Helicobacter pylori infectious disease

description: Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.


name: Increased viscosity of bronchial secretion


Skin Burning Sensation

description: A sensation of dermal stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of skin irritation.


name: Anticonvulsant drug level above therapeutic


Atresia of the external auditory canal

description: Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal.


Metaplasia

description: Transformation of a mature, normal cell or groups of mature cells to other forms of mature cells.  The capacity for malignant transformation of metaplastic cells is a subject of controversy.


Phonophobia

description: An abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds.


Intervertebral space narrowing

description: Decreased height of the intervertebral disk.


Increased mean platelet volume

description: Average platelet volume above the upper limit of the normal reference interval.


Decreased mean platelet volume

description: Average platelet volume below the lower limit of the normal reference interval.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to brain

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the brain from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


Metastatic liver carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the liver and has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Neutropenia in presence of anti-neutropil antibodies

description: A type of neutropenia that is observed in the presence of granulocyte-specific antibodies.


name: Free thyroxine concentration decreased below normal


name: Free thyroxine concentration increased above normal


hypertensive nephropathy

description: Kidney damage that results from chronically elevated blood pressure; complications include glomerular damage resulting in proteinuria and hematuria.


BK virus infection

description: An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


Retinal neovascularization

description: In wound repair, neovascularization (NV) involves the sprouting of new vessels from pre-existent vessels to repair or replace damaged vessels. In the retina, NV is a response to ischemia. The NV adheres to the inner surface of the retina and outer surface of the vitreous. NV are deficient in tight junctions and hence leak plasma into surrounding tissue including the vitreous. Plasma causes the vitreous gel to degenerate, contract, and eventually collapse which pulls on the retina. Since retinal NV is adherent to both retina and vitreous, as the vitreous contracts the NV may be sheared resulting in vitreous hemorrhage or the NV may remain intact and pull the retina with the vitreous resulting in retinal elevation referred to as traction retinal detachment.


Hemorrhage urinary tract

description: Bleeding originating from any part of the urinary system.


Postmenopausal bleeding

description: Uterine bleeding that occurs after at least one year of amenorrhea in a woman who is not receiving hormone therapy.


Intramuscular hematoma

description: Blood clot formed within muscle tissue following leakage of blood into the tissue.


name: Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset

description: A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset is a focal-onset seizure which progresses into a bilateral tonic-clonic phase.


adenomyosis

description: The growth of endometrial tissue inside the muscular wall of the uterine corpus. Clinical manifestations include pain, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia.


name: Anticonvulsant drug level below therapeutic


synovial bursa disorder

description: A disease or disorder that involves the synovial bursa.


Pulmonary mass

description: A mass in the lung seen on chest imaging is defined as an opacity greater than 3 cm in diameter (without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics).


Bone Tuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis of the bone.


tracheomalacia

description: Congenital tracheomalacia is a rare condition where the trachea is soft and flexible causing the tracheal wall to collapse when exhaling, coughing or crying, that usually presents in infancy, and that is characterized by stridor and noisy breathing or upper respiratory infections. Tracheomalacia improves by the age of 18-24 months.


oppositional defiant disorder

description: A behavior disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures, manifested by a frequent loss of temper, arguing, becoming angry or vindictive, or other negativistic behaviors.


cubital tunnel syndrome

description: Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, humeral-ulnar aponeurosis, and medial ligaments of the elbow. This condition may follow trauma or occur in association with processes which produce nerve enlargement or narrowing of the canal. Manifestations include elbow pain and PARESTHESIA radiating distally, weakness of ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and loss of sensation over the hypothenar region, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)


Preexisting Condition

description: A health condition or medical problem that was diagnosed or treated before a specific date.


coronary restenosis

description: Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.


cutaneous lupus erythematosus

description: An autoimmune disorder that manifests as different lupus-specific skin disorders; it can occur with systemic lupus erythematosus, or as a singular disease.


geotrichosis

description: Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.


Gastric infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the stomach.


de Quervain disease

description: Stenosing tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the first dorsal wrist compartment. The presenting symptoms are usually pain and tenderness at the radial styloid. The cause is almost always related to overuse injury or is associated with rheumatoid arthritis.


Below Normal Body Height

description: Body height below the normal range.


stomach disorder

description: A disease involving the stomach.


name: Infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease


microscopic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon that is only apparent by microscopic examination.


Palatal edema

description: Swelling related to fluid accumulation within the palate.


Pneumatosis intestinalis

description: The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


Tenesmus

description: A repeated, painful urge to defecate without excreting stool.


name: Gastrointestinal tract mucosal discoloration


Blast Cells Present

description: A laboratory test result indicating the presence of blast cells in a blood sample.


Hepatic Mass

description: A space-occupying pathologic process that affects the liver parenchyma.


Abnormal urinary odor

description: A deviation from the normal odor of the urine.


postcholecystectomy syndrome

description: Abdominal symptoms after removal of the gallbladder. The common postoperative symptoms are often the same as those present before the operation, such as colic, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. There is pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant and sometimes jaundice. The term is often used, inaccurately, to describe such postoperative symptoms not due to gallbladder removal.


neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A malignant neuroendocrine neoplasm composed of cells containing secretory granules that stain positive for NSE and chromogranin. The neoplastic cells are often round and form clusters or trabecular sheets. Representative examples are small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma.


eosinophilic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon that is characterized by eosinic infiltration.


ciliary body disorder

description: A disease involving the ciliary body.


Abnormal ventricular axis

description: Any deviation from the normal direction of the ventricular axis. The left ventricle makes up most of the heart muscle under normal circumstances and therefore generates the most electrical force visible on the EKG. The normal ventricular axis is directed downward and slightly towards the left. The ventricular axis can be determined by analyzing the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization.


name: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

description: A rare neurological disorder in which there is inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This affects how fast the nerve signals are transmitted and leads to loss of nerve fibers. This causes weakness, paralysis and/or impairment in motor function, especially of the arms and legs (limbs). Sensory disturbance may also be present. The motor and sensory impairments usually affect both sides of the body (symmetrical), and the degree of severity and the course of disease may vary from case to case. Some affected individuals may follow a slow steady pattern of symptoms while others may have symptoms that stabilize and then relapse.


Injury of colon

description: Trauma to the colon.


vascular dementia

description: A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.


Bloody Discharge

description: The leaking of serosanguinous fluids from an orifice or wound.


cerebral toxoplasmosis

description: Infections of the brain caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii that primarily arise in individuals with immunologic deficiency syndromes (see also aids-related opportunistic infections). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include seizures, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)


Hypertelorism

description: Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).


Increased Bone Density

description: A finding indicating an increased density of minerals in the bones. Causes include osteopetrosis and Paget disease.


name: Prostate specific antigen outside reference range


Cancer-Associated Pain

description: Pain associated with cancer or its diagnosis or treatment.


metabolic disease

description: A congenital disorder (due to inherited enzyme abnormality) or acquired (due to failure of a metabolically important organ) disorder resulting from an abnormal metabolic process.


Neutrophilic dermatosis

description: A type of dermatosis characterized by dense infiltration of neutrophils in the skin without evidence of infection or vasculitis. It may be secondary to an underlying systemic illness.


Neurogenic shock (disorder)

description: Shock resulting from neurogenic vasodilation, which can be produced by cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, deep general or spinal anesthesia, or toxic central nervous system depression.


Electromechanical dissociation

description: An electrocardiographic finding of the presence of cardiac electrical rhythm without a proper response of the myocardial tissue and mechanical cardiac output.


Right atrial enlargement

description: Increase in size of the right atrium.


Clostridium colitis

description: An acute inflammatory disorder of the colon secondary to infection with any species of the bacterial genus Clostridium. Symptoms include acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and myalgia.


Dysplasia

description: A usually neoplastic transformation of the cell, associated with altered architectural tissue patterns. The cellular changes include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Molecular genetic abnormalities are also often found and, in some instances, may lead to cancer.


name: Electrocardiogram signs of myocardial ischemia


Parakeratosis

description: Abnormal formation of the keratinocytes of the epidermis characterized by persistence of nuclei, incomplete formation of keratin, and moistness and swelling of the keratinocytes.


agraphia

description: An acquired writing disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some motor dysfunction or the inability to spell.


hypogonadism

description: A disorder characterized by decreased function of the gonads. Clinical manifestations in both males and females include poor libido, infertility, and osteoporosis. Additional signs in males include erectile dysfunction, muscle atrophy, gynecomastia and increased abdominal fat. In females, additional signs include shrinking of the breasts and loss of, or failure to develop menstruation.


Limitation of neck motion

description: Limited mobility of the neck, usually accompanied by pain.


serositis

description: Inflammation of a serous membrane.


Hypoperfusion

description: No component of the tumor exhibits perfusion equal to or greater than cerebellar gray matter, excluding encased or grossly visible intrinsic vasculature.


Infarction of spinal cord

description: Ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord caused by occlusion of the arteries that supply blood to the spinal cord. Signs and symptoms include intermittent back pain, pain in the legs, paralysis, and incontinence.


Right Ventricular Dysfunction

description: Impairment of the right ventricular function associated with low ejection fraction and decreased motility of the right ventricular wall.


Cranial Suture Separation

description: A finding of increased space between the intersections of a newborn's cranial bones.


Poor Sucking Reflex

description: Uncoordinated or ineffective drawing of saliva or breast milk by a newborn infant.


Clinodactyly

description: An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe).


name: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia transformation


Esophageal Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the esophagus.


Mycobacterium avium complex disease

description: An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Viremia

description: The presence of virus in the blood.


name: Reactivation of hepatitis B viral hepatitis


Infectious Enterocolitis

description: An infectious process affecting the small and large intestines. Symptoms include diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, and fever.


Pseudoseizure

description: Sudden, involuntary seizure-like attacks that, unlike epileptic seizures, are not related to electrographic ictal discharges.


Neuropathic spinal arthropathy

description: A progressive disorder of vertebral joint degeneration that occurs in the setting of any condition characterized by decreased afferent innervation, involving loss of deep pain and proprioceptive sensation in the vertebral column. Patients most commonly present with symptoms of lower back pain, sitting imbalance, progressive spinal deformity (usually kyphosis), and an audible clicking sound on changing postures.


Thalamic hemorrhage

description: Bleeding in the thalamus.


Hemobilia

description: Bleeding into the biliary tree.


Brow ptosis

description: Drooping of the upper eyebrow below the superior orbital rim.


Intestinal Mass

description: An abnormal growth in the small or large intestine.


Gastrointestinal toxicity

description: Toxicity that impairs or damages the gastrointestinal system.


Brugada syndrome

description: A genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by complete or incomplete right bundle branch block accompanied by ST elevation in leads V1-V3. There is a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmia that may result in sudden death.


Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia

description: The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia after a period of remission.


Reactive hypoglycemia

description: Hypoglycermia following a meal (or more generally, after intake of glucose).


Ventricular Dysfunction

description: Impairment of the ventricle to either fill or eject adequately.


blue toe syndrome

description: A condition that is caused by recurring atheroembolism in the lower extremities. It is characterized by cyanotic discoloration of the toes, usually the first, fourth, and fifth toes. Discoloration may extend to the lateral aspect of the foot. Despite the gangrene-like appearance, blue toes may respond to conservative therapy without amputation.


Intestinal bleeding

description: Bleeding from the intestines.


Early satiety

description: The condition of being unable to eat a full meal because of a feeling of fullness (satiety), or or feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food.


acute hepatitis B virus infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis B virus, which can be transmitted by direct contact of infected blood with mucous membranes or open areas of the skin. Signs and symptoms may include loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, low-grade fever and stomach pain. Two to six percent of adults progress to a chronic infection, while 90% of infants become chronically ill. A vaccine is available for those at risk.


Eyelid pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eyelid.


CNS metastases

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas).


Epidermal necrosis

description: Death of keratinocytes in the epidermis layer of the skin, which generally manifests as extensive exfoliation (separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis).


Small intestine carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage II

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (Any T, N1, M0); IIIB (Any T, N2, M0); N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage IV

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


caudal regression sequence

description: Caudal regression sequence is a rare congenital malformation of the lower spinal segments associated with aplasia or hypoplasia of the sacrum and lumbar spine.


paraneoplastic syndrome

description: A classification for rare disorders of diverse organ systems (endocrine, neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, renal, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic) that are affected by substances secreted by a distant neoplasm but not by the action of the neoplasm itself metastasizing to that organ or tissue. Less than 1 % of neoplasms are associated with these syndromes. An immune-mediated response to neoplasm-elaborated proteins may be the cause of these syndromes. Additionally, their manifestation may signal the presence of an occult neoplasm, potentially at an earlier stage of disease thereby leading to a better clinical outcome. Constitutional signs may include fever, night sweats, anorexia and cachexia. Clinical course is usually progressive. Prognosis is variable depending on the effective treatment of the underlying neoplasm.


Lung hyperinflation

description: Abnormal permanent enlargement of the lung air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole not resulted from wall destruction, e.g. due to loss of opposite lung.


Blood Alkaline Phosphatase Increased

description: A laboratory test result which indicates an increased level of alkaline phosphatase in a biological specimen.


Coronary artery perforation

description: A dissection that extends through the full thickness of the coronary arterial wall. (ACC)


Ureaplasma urethritis

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus ureaplasma.


Tissue Adhesion

description: A fibrous band of tissue that connects normally separate body regions.


Decreased urine output

description: A decreased rate of urine production.


Antinuclear antibody positivity

description: The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against nuclei or nuclear components.


name: Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased


name: Antipsychotic drug level above therapeutic


name: Antipsychotic drug level below therapeutic


name: Right ventricular systolic pressure increased


name: Anticoagulation drug level above therapeutic


name: Anticoagulation drug level below therapeutic


Diskitis

description: Inflammation of an intervertebral disk or disk space.


hyperlipoproteinemia type V

description: A severe type of hyperlipidemia, sometimes familial, that is characterized by the elevation of both plasma chylomicrons and triglycerides contained in very-low-density lipoproteins. Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is often associated with diabetes mellitus and is not caused by reduced lipoprotein lipase activity as in hyperlipoproteinemia type I.


Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst

description: An abdominal mass formed by bleeding into a follicular ovarian cyst or corpus luteum cyst.


name: Computerised tomogram coronary artery abnormal


choroidal neovascularization

description: An eye disorder described by the growth of new blood vessels that originate from the choroid through a break in the Bruch membrane into the sub–retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) or subretinal space. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of visual loss.


Neurological Signs and Symptoms

description: A term that refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from pathologic processes that affect the central and peripheral nervous system.


Graft failure

description: Failure of transplanted tissue to become functional or operational, often as a result of destruction by the host's immune system.


monoclonal gammopathy

description: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood or urine.


tinea infection

description: A skin infection caused by a fungus.