name: Stage IA Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Benign Atrial Neoplasm

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A neoplasm that arises from the right or left atrium and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1,M0); (T3, N2, M0) or IIIB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4, Any N, M0).  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor.  N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumor nodules in the same lobe; or tumor with a malignant pleural effusion.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to mediastinum

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


endocardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the endocardium.


Benign Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. There is no evidence of atypia or metastases.


Mediastinal Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A mass-forming malignant neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the proliferation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. It may present in association with or precede acute myeloid leukemia, or it may be the first manifestation of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.


Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


Refractory Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a thymic epithelial neoplasm, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to thymomas, thymic carcinomas, thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and combined thymic carcinomas. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Lung

description: The spread of a carcinoma to the lung. This may be from a primary lung carcinoma, or from a carcinoma at a distant anatomic site.


pleural cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the pleura. A representative example of primary malignant pleural neoplasm is the malignant pleural mesothelioma. A representative example of metastatic malignant neoplasm to the pleura is metastatic carcinoma that has spread to the pleura from another anatomic site.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of mediastinum

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It usually involves mediastinal lymph nodes and/or the thymus.  Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats.


Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

description: A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. The reported cases have been teratomas and yolk sac tumors.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIA

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


chest wall lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the chest wall.


Transplant-Related Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Thymoliposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of a liposarcomatous malignant infiltrate that entraps lobules of thymic tissue.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system derives from analyses of the new retrospective and prospective databases of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). These databases contain information on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010 originating from 35 different databases in 16 countries around the world. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the lung, including non-small cell and small cell carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. It does not apply to sarcomas or other rare tumors of the lung. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lung Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Pleural Carcinomatosis

description: Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the pleura.


solitary plasmacytoma of chest wall

description: A solitary plasmacytoma that arises from the chest wall.


name: Stage IV Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: Tumor with distant metastasis. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Thymoma by Masaoka-Koga Stage

description: A staging system for thymoma based on the anatomic extent of disease at the time of surgery.


thymus cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A rare extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the heart.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. Rare cases of myeloid sarcoma of the heart preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine-High Subtype

description: Lung small cell carcinoma characterized by high expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide. It is associated with low numbers of infiltrating immune cells (immune desert phenotype).


Microscopic Thymoma

description: A rare type of thymoma, composed of multifocal epithelial proliferations less than 1 mm in diameter.  This type of thymoma usually occurs in myasthenia gravis patients without any macroscopic (gross) evidence of tumor.


name: Unresectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymoma, type B1, malignant

description: A type B1 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


name: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of mediastinum

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  It may be associated with neurofibromatosis.  It often spreads to the lungs or pleura.


Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation arising within the myocardium.  It is characterized by the presence of small round spindle cells.  Most cardiac rhabodomyosarcomas are of embryonal type and usually present in children and young adults.


Thymus Lipofibroadenoma

description: A benign thymic tumor morphologically resembling fibroadenoma of the breast.


Thymic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

description: A very rare adenocarcinoma arising from the thymus. It is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells resembling hepatocytes.


Atrial Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the cardiac atrium.


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hemangiosarcoma of heart

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the heart. It most often arises in the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove. The prognosis is poor.


Malignant carcinoid tumor of lung

description: A neuroendocrine tumor of the lung showing focal necrotic changes or a number of mitotic figures between 2 and 10/10 high power fields.


Pericardial Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises within the pericardium.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A biphasic synovial sarcoma arising from the lungs.


thoracic cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the tissues of the thorax.


name: Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Myoepithelial Tumor

description: A very rare, benign or malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


name: Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage IVA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage III Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

description: A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the lungs.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage II

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of combined thymic epithelial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Advanced Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Functioning Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: A lung neuroendocrine tumor that is not associated with carcinoid syndrome.


name: Stage III Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Cardiac Cellular Rhabdomyoma

description: A rare cardiac rhabdomyoma occurring in adults.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic striated muscle cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and increased cellularity.


mediastinum synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

description: A preinvasive bronchial neoplastic lesion affecting the squamous epithelium. It is characterized by the absence of progression of maturation from base to luminal surface, basilar zone expansion with cellular crowding throughout the epithelium, absence of the intermediate zone, and surface flattening confined to the most superficial cells. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is often high and variable, the chromatin is coarse and uneven, and mitotic figures are present through full thickness. The cell size may be markedly increased. Anisocytosis and pleomorphism may be present. (Adapted from WHO, 2015)


Recurrent Mediastinal Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of a mediastinal lymphoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Minimally Invasive Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma characterized by tall columnar cells and mucin production.


Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Pulmonary Mucinous Cystic Tumor of Borderline Malignancy

description: A very rare, non-invasive epithelial neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is composed of multilocular cysts filled with mucus. The cysts are lined with columnar mucinous epithelium. Focal cellular atypia is present.


Thymic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is usually of the nodular sclerosis subtype and is often associated with cystic changes in the thymic epithelium.


name: Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); IA: (T1a, N0, M0); IB: (T1b, N0, M0).  T1: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal pleura with or without mediastinal pleura and with or without diaphragmatic pleural involvement. T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. T1b: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor also involving the visceral pleura N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


sternum lymphoma

description: A rare lymphoma that arises from the bone or soft tissue of the sternum.


Intrathyroidal Thymoma

description: A rare thymoma arising within or is attached to the thyroid gland.


name: Unresectable Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma Neuroendocrine Subtype

description: A header term that refers to the classification of lung small cell carcinoma based on the expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide.


Pleural Leiomyosarcoma

description: A rare leiomyosarcoma that arises from the pleural cavity.


Ectopic Cervical Thymoma

description: A thymoma that arises in the cervical region and is not connected with the thymus gland.


name: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of lung

description: A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratinization, pearl formation, and/or intercellular bridges.


epicardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the epicardium.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IV

description: The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces or metastasis to distant sites.


Lung Enteric Adenocarcinoma

description: A well-differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the lung periphery. It resembles colorectal adenocarcinoma with acinar and/or cribriform architecture and papillotubular structures.


name: Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle; extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pleural Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A monophasic synovial sarcoma arising in the pleural cavity.


Lung Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A monophasic synovial sarcoma arising from the lungs.


name: Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor

description: A rare, benign, circumscribed nodule arising from the bronchioles. It is usually seen in middle-aged to elderly patients. It is characterized by the presence a two-layer cellular structure composed of a basal and luminal layer.


Atypical Adenomatous Lung Hyperplasia

description: A preinvasive lesion in the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a small, localized proliferation of mildly to moderately atypical type II pneumocytes and/or Clara cells lining alveolar walls and sometimes respiratory bronchioles.


Sternal Intraosseous Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the sternum.


Lung Melanoma

description: A rare malignant neoplasm that derives from melanocytes and arises from the lung in a patient with no history of previous melanoma and no evidence of melanoma in another site at the time of diagnosis.  It usually presents as a solitary lesion and the prognosis is poor.


Metastatic Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: Lung neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymic Typical Carcinoid Tumor

description: A primary thymic neuroendocrine tumor, characterized by the presence of uniform, polygonal neoplastic cells, a low mitotic rate, and absence of necrosis.


Stage 0 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS). Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): adenocarcinoma with pure lepidic pattern, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intrapulmonary thymoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm that arises from ectopic thymic tissue in the lung.  Histologically it is identical to the thymomas that arise from the mediastinum.  Signs and symptoms include cough, dyspnea, fever, and weight loss.  Surgical excision is the recommended treatment.


name: childhood mediastinal neurogenic neoplasm

description: A peripheral nervous system neoplasm that arises in the mediastinum during childhood.


name: Metastatic Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


mediastinum sarcoma

description: A rare sarcoma that arises from the mediastinum. Examples include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma.


Cardiac Schwannoma

description: A benign peripheral nervous system neoplasm that is composed of well-differentiated Schwann cells and affects the heart.


mediastinal extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


name: Stage IV Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Ganglioneuroma of mediastinum

description: A ganglioneuroma arising from the mediastinum.


Thymic Atypical Carcinoid Tumor

description: A primary thymic neuroendocrine tumor characterized by a high mitotic rate, often associated with the presence of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism. This type of neuroendocrine tumor has a more aggressive clinical course, compared to grade 1 neuroendocrine tumors.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Thoracic NUT Carcinoma

description: A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the thoracic structures. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene. It usually presents at an advanced stage with pleuritic chest pain and pleural effusion, non-productive cough, shortness of breath, and weigh loss.


Chest Wall Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the anatomic structures that surround the lungs and the pleura.


axillary neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the structures of the axilla. Representative examples include axillary lipoma, axillary lymph node lymphoma, and metastatic carcinoma to the axillary lymph nodes.


name: Resectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Lung Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the lungs during childhood.


mediastinal malignant lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage I

description: The tumor is completely encapsulated.


Mediastinal Mature Teratoma

description: An extragonadal mature teratoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It is usually encapsulated and characterized by the presence of unilocular or multilocular cysts. The cysts can contain clear fluid, mucoid material, sebaceous debris, fat, hair, cartilage, and rarely teeth or bone.


Small cell lung cancer extensive stage

description: Small cell lung carcinoma which has spread beyond one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


name: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Papillary Variant

description: A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Oligometastatic Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Lung

description: Infiltration of the lung by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma.


name: Chest Wall Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor

description: An intermediate fibrohistiocytic neoplasm arising from the skin in the chest wall. It is a multinodular poorly circumscribed tumor, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, mononuclear histiocyte-like cells, and spindle fibroblast-like cells arranged in a plexiform pattern.


name: Stage IIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of endocardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the endocardium.


Pleural Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising in the pleural cavity.


malignant neoplasm of chest wall

description: A cancer that involves the chest wall.


name: Stage II Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor with direct invasion of the pericardium (either partial or full thickness). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Early Stage Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A stage term that refers to lung non-small cell carcinoma stages I, II, and IIIA.


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the lung and has spread to the liver.


name: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of squamous cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


neoplasm of endocardium

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the endocardium.


name: EGFR-Positive Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is associated with EGFR gene mutation.


name: Locally Advanced Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Pleural malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: Lung neuroendocrine tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Platinum-Sensitive Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung small cell carcinoma that is sensitive to platinum therapy.


Lepidic Predominant Adenocarcinoma

description: A lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of mildly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cells across the alveolar walls with at least one focus of invasive carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in greatest dimension.


Stage IIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Glandular papilloma of lung

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular cores lined by columnar, cuboidal, and goblet cells.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Complete resection is curative.


name: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of lung

description: A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by nuclear palisading.


Stage III Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Thymic Carcinoma

description: A thymic carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IV Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a); IVB: (Any T, N2, M0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). M1b: Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Tumor with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Most pleural (pericardial) effusions with lung cancer are a result of the tumor. In a few patients, however, multiple microscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. If these elements and clinical judgment dictate that the effusion is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging descriptor. M1b: Tumor with single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ (including involvement of a single nonregional node). M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage II Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: Locoregional tumor, non-metastatic, macroscopic complete resection but microscopic residual tumor. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


neoplasm of pericardium

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the pericardium.


name: Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

description: A carcinoma that originates from the wall of the colon or rectum and has spread to the lungs.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearly tissues or lymph nodes.


Minimally Invasive Thymoma

description: A thymoma that focally infiltrates the surrounding capsule and invades the mediastinal fat.  This type of thymoma is usually recognized only after microscopic examination.  Grossly, it appears indistinguishable from encapsulated thymoma.


mediastinum liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cystic tumor of atrio-ventricular node

description: A multicystic tumor arising in the inferior interatrial septum in the region of the atrioventricular node. The vast majority of patients present with complete heart block and a minority with partial heart block. Sudden death is reported in approximately 10% of the cases. It is a morphologically benign tumor composed of cuboidal, transitional, or squamoid cells. The cells may also show sebaceous differentiation and originate from the endoderm.


name: Stage IIIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma arising from the arterial intima of pulmonary arteries.


Advanced Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Refractory Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Pleural malignant mesothelioma that is resistant to treatment.


hemangioma of mediastinum

description: A hemangioma that arises from the mediastinum. It can be of the capillary or the cavernous type.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Y Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) transcription factor.


name: Transformed EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma to Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Histologic transformation of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma to small cell carcinoma, following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


name: Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Associated Hematologic Malignancy

description: An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with a hematologic malignancy.  The hematologic malignancies are clonally related to the malignant germ cell tumor and include acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and mastocytosis.


Stage IB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


desmoid tumor of chest wall

description: An extraabdominal fibromatosis arising from the soft tissue of the chest wall. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern.


name: Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine-Low Subtype

description: Lung small cell carcinoma characterized by low expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide. It is associated with increased numbers of infiltrating immune cells (immune oasis phenotype).


SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade malignant neoplasm characterized by biallelic inactivation of SMARCA4 gene. It affects adults, usually heavy smokers, and involves the thorax (lung, pulmonary hilum, mediastinum, and/or pleura) with or without chest wall invasion. It is composed of sheets of malignant large round to epithelioid cells. Rhabdoid cells may be present. Increased number of mitoses and necrosis are frequently seen. The prognosis is poor.


Thymoma, type B2, malignant

description: A type B2 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


choriocarcinoma of mediastinum

description: An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and intermediate trophoblasts.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage II

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Resectable Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


pleural mesothelioma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial cells of the pleura. The primary cause is exposure to asbestos. The major histologic variants are the epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma, and sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma. Patients present with persistent cough and shortness of breath.


benign neoplasm of sternum

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the sternum.


description: An intrathoracic sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paravertebral paraganglia.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


Childhood Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A rare non-small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


Locally Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IIB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pleural Calcifying Fibrous Tumor

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed lesion arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, collagenous stroma formation, and dystrophic calcifications. Patients may present with chest pain, dyspnea, cough, or may be asymptomatic.


neoplasm of epicardium

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the epicardium.


name: Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

description: A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the lungs.


name: Thymic Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A primary thymic adenocarcinoma that does not conform to either low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma or enteric-type adenocarcinoma.


Lung Myoepithelioma

description: A very rare benign lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Childhood Benign Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the tissues of thorax and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of pleural malignant mesothelioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Mediastinal/Thymic NUT Carcinoma

description: A highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that arises from the mediastinum/thymus. It is characterized by mutations and rearrangement of the NUT gene.


name: Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, I Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the low expression of achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) transcription factor signatures and elevated inflammatory gene signature expression.


Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

description: A primary thymic epithelial neoplasm, characterized by the presence of at least two distinct areas, one representing a thymoma and the other a carcinoma.  The most aggressive component usually determines the clinical outcome.


Cardiac Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma

description: An extraskeletal osteosarcoma that arises from the heart. It produces osteoid and bone, and occasionally shows chondroblastic differentiation.


Refractory Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Squamous Lung Dysplasia

description: A term referring to neoplastic changes in the bronchial epithelium manifested as dysplasia.


benign neoplasm of mediastinum

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the mediastinum.


Thymic Enteric-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A primary thymic adenocarcinoma characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features seen in colorectal adenocarcinoma.


name: Stage I Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma

description: A rare benign neoplasm of the endocardium.  The vast majority of cases arise in the heart valves.  Histopathologic examination reveals a papilloma lined by endothelial cells with a central avascular core which contains fibroblasts and elastic fibers. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with ischemic or embolic events.


Refractory Malignant Thymoma

description: Malignant thymoma that does not respond to treatment.


thymus lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the thymus. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IVa

description: The tumor shows metastasis throughout the pleural and/or pericardial spaces.


heart leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the heart. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Occult Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A non-small cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


name: Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma with Pleural Effusion AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma that has spread to the pleural fluid.


name: Malignant Mediastinal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

description: An extragonadal nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  This category includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and mixed germ cell tumors.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of lung

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lung. This may be from a primary lung malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Lung Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the lungs.


name: Pleural mesothelioma malignant localised

description: A mesothelioma that arises from the pleura with the gross appearance of a circumscribed lesion and the microscopic appearance of diffuse malignant mesothelioma, without evidence of diffuse spread.


name: Metastatic Intrathoracic Paravertebral Paraganglioma

description: An intrathoracic paravertebral paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


name: Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ of lung

description: Lung adenocarcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of type II pneumocyte and/or Clara cell differentiation. Almost all cases of lung adenocarcinoma in situ are non-mucinous.


myocardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the myocardium.


name: Stage III Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1, T2, N1, M0); (T1, T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M0).  T1: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal pleura with or without mediastinal pleura and with or without diaphragmatic pleural involvement. T2: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle; extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma.  T3: Pleural mesothelioma with a locally advanced but potentially respectable tumor.  Tumor involving all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: involvement of the endothoracic fascia; extension into the mediastinal fat; solitary, completely respectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall; nontransmural involvement of the pericardium.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary or hilar lymph nodes. N2: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the subcarinal or the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes including the ipsilateral internal mammary and peridiaphragmatic nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma In Situ

description: A very rare lung adenocarcinoma in situ variant characterized by the presence of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and abundant cytoplasmic mucin.


Pleural Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A biphasic synovial sarcoma arising in the pleural cavity.


Pleural mesothelioma malignant advanced

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura and is classified as stage II, stage III, or stage IV.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage IV

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Refractory Thymic Carcinoma

description: Thymic carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Combined Lung Small Cell Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma characterized by a combination of small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: A squamous non-small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Unresectable Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to heart

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the heart from another primary anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: A non-small cell squamous carcinoma of the lung that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Transformed EGFR-Positive Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma to Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Histologic transformation of EGFR mutation-positive lung non-small cell carcinoma to small cell carcinoma, following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


pleural lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the pleural cavity. It may be purely intra-thoracic or extend to the chest wall.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


name: Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site in the lung, through the hematogenous route.


Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T1, N1, M0) and IIB (T2, N1, M0) or (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage IV Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: Refractory Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, P Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) transcription factor.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T1c, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T1c, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Lung Mixed Squamous Cell and Glandular Papilloma

description: An exceedingly rare benign endobronchial neoplasm characterized by the presence of fibrovascular cores which are lined by both squamous and glandular epithelium. Patients present with obstructive symptoms. Complete resection is curative.


Childhood Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that involves the tissues of the thorax during childhood.


carcinosarcoma of lung

description: A morphologic variant of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma composed of a mixture of non-small cell lung carcinoma and a sarcomatous component.


name: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Variant

description: A morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IIb

description: The tumor shows invasion through the capsule and into the surrounding fatty tissue.


constitutional neutropenia

description: A rare disorder characterized by recurrent infantile infections and absence of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.


description: Neutropenia-monocytopenia-deafness syndrome is characterized by neutropenia with myeloid marrow hypoplasia, monocytopenia, and congenital deafness. It has been described in three siblings who suffered recurrent bacterial infections.


name: autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to JAGN1 deficiency

description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the JAGN1 gene, encoding protein jagunal homolog 1.


name: primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency

description: Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency is characterized by short stature, hypopigmentation, coarse facies and frequent bronchopulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.


Lichtenstein syndrome

description: Lichstenstein syndrome is characterized by frequent infections associated with osteoporosis, a tendency for fractures and osseous anomalies. It has been described in two monozygotic twin brothers. Transmission is autosomal recessive.


X-linked severe congenital neutropenia

description: This syndrome is an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent major bacterial infections, severe congenital neutropenia, and monocytopenia. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene, encoding the WASP protein.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 11, autosomal dominant


Kostmann syndrome

description: Kostmann syndrome is a rare, severe, congenital neutropenia disorder characterized by a lack of mature neutrophils (absolute neutrophil counts less than 500 cells/mm3) associated with frequent, recurrent bacterial infections (e.g. otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis, urinary tract infections, abscesses of skin and/or liver) and increased promyelocytes in the bone marrow. Periodontal disease, as well as neurological symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, severe neurodegeneration and epilepsy, have been reported in some patients.


WHIM syndrome 1

description: A congenital autosomal dominant immune deficiency characterized by abnormal retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow (myelokathexis) and occasional hypogammaglobulinemia, associated with an increased risk for bacterial infections and a susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) induced lesions (cutaneous warts, genital dysplasia and invasive mucosal carcinoma).


name: autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to CXCR2 deficiency


name: autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia

description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 8, autosomal dominant


description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the VPS45 gene, encoding vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45. It is characterized by neutrophil dysfunction, a lack of response to G-CSF, life-threatening infections, bone marrow fibrosis, and renal extramedullary hematopoiesis.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 2, autosomal dominant

description: Any autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GFI1 gene.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 10, autosomal recessive


name: autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to CSF3R deficiency

description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the CSF3R gene, encoding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor. It is characterized by the onset of recurrent infections in infancy or early childhood and peripheral neutropenia, despite normal granulocyte maturation, that is unresponsive to treatment with G-CSF.


name: neutropenia, lethal congenital, with eosinophilia


glycogen storage disease Ib

description: A type of glycogenosis due to G6P deficiency.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 1, autosomal dominant

description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the ELANE gene, encoding neutrophil elastase


Cohen syndrome

description: Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic developmental disorder characterized by microcephaly, characteristic facial features, hypotonia, non-progressive intellectual deficit, myopia and retinal dystrophy, neutropenia and truncal obesity.


name: autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia due to G6PC3 deficiency

description: Severe congenital neutropenia inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutation(s) in the G6PC3 gene, encoding glucose-6-phosphatase 3. It is characterized by cardiac abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, intermittent thrombocytopenia and a prominent superficial venous pattern.


name: autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia

description: Autosomal dominant form of severe congenital neutropenia.


name: neutropenia, severe congenital, 9, autosomal dominant


poikiloderma with neutropenia

description: A skin disease characterized by poikiloderma, hyperkeratotic nails, generalized hyperkeratosis on palms and soles, neutropenia, short stature, and recurrent pulmonary infections. It has material basis in mutation in the C16ORF57 gene on chromosome 16q13.


name: porokeratosis 8, disseminated superficial actinic type


linear porokeratosis

description: Linear porokeratosis is a rare skin condition characterized by streaks of reddish-brown patches surrounded by a ridge-like border.The patches usually develop in infants or young children, but they sometimes develop in adults.


name: porokeratosis 6, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis 9, multiple types

description: Any porokeratosis (disease) in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FDPS gene.


name: disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis

description: Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common form of porokeratosis characterized by the presence of several small annular plaques with a distinctive keratotic rim found most commonly on sun-exposed areas of the skin, particularly the extremities.


name: porokeratosis 5, disseminated superficial actinic type


porokeratosis of Mibelli

description: Porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) is a form of porokeratosis that is characterized by the presence of brown single or multiple annular plaques of varying size, that are sometimes confluent, with a distinctive sharply-defined keratotic border.


name: porokeratosis 4, disseminated superficial actinic type


name: porokeratosis 3, disseminated superficial actinic type


name: porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata

description: Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata (PPPD) is a rare form of porokeratosis occurring mainly in adolescence and characterized by small pruritic or painful keratotic papules that first appear on the palms and soles, and may gradually become generalized.


anaplasmosis in cattle

description: A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.


ethmoid sinusitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the ethmoid sinus.


acute ethmoiditis

description: Acute form of ethmoid sinusitis.


chronic ethmoidal sinusitis

description: Inflammation of the ethmoid sinus that typically lasts beyond eight weeks. It is caused by infections, allergies, and the presence of sinus polyps or a deviated septum. Signs and symptoms include headache, nasal discharge, swelling in the face, dizziness, and breathing difficulties.


name: infiltrating nipple syringomatous adenoma

description: An invasive, non-metastasizing neoplasm with sweat duct differentiation that arises in the area of the nipple. Local recurrences have been reported.


breast disorder

description: A disease involving the breast.


breast fibroepithelial neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial and a mesenchymal (stromal) component. The typical examples are fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor.


breast neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the breast and is composed of cells of neuroendocrine origin. Most cases are neuroendocrine carcinomas. Primary carcinoid tumors of the breast are very rare.


name: breasts and/or nipples, aplasia or hypoplasia of, 2

description: Any isolated congenital breast hypoplasia/aplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTPRF gene.


benign eccrine breast spiradenoma

description: A very rare, benign sweat gland neoplasm that affects the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of basaloid epithelial cells.


name: isolated congenital breast hypoplasia/aplasia


blunt duct adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of ducts with distended lumen and columnar cell metaplasia.


breast synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma (disease) that involves the breast.


breast myofibroblastoma

description: A myofibroblastoma occurring in the breast of both women and men. It presents as a slowly growing mass.


apocrine adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of extensive apocrine metaplasia.


name: breast fibrocystic change, proliferative type

description: Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the presence of epithelial cell hyperplasia. Epithelial atypia may be present or absent.


breast phyllodes tumor

description: A benign, malignant, or borderline circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a spindle cell mesenchymal (stromal) component.


breast fibrosis

description: Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the prominence of fibrotic changes in the parenchyma.


breast cyst

description: A cystic lesion located in breast tissue.


name: salivary gland type cancer of the breast

description: A group of uncommon neoplasms, usually seen in the salivary glands but occurring in the breast, with a variable clinicopathologic spectrum and divided into those with myoepithelial differentiation and those without. This group includes mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and oncocytic carcinoma.


mastitis

description: Inflammation of breast tissue during lactation or postpartum due to an obstructed duct or infection. Mastitis can also occur in non-breastfeeding women, and rarely in men.


acropectororenal dysplasia

description: Acro-pectoro-renal field defect is a very rare association of a Poland anomaly, that is characterized by unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (most frequently involving the sternocostal head) and a variable degree of ipsilateral hand anomalies (including symbrachydactyly, brachydactyly, absent thumb and hypoplastic fingers), combined with a genito-urinary anomaly. Associated genito-urinary anomalies reported include renal hypoplasia or agenesis, duplex collecting system, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hypospadias and undescended testicles.


intraductal breast neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. This category includes intraductal papilloma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, ductal hyperplasia with or without atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ.


solitary cyst of breast

description: A single, fluid-filled cyst in the breast parenchyma.


microglandular adenosis of breast

description: A rare variant of breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of small round glands in a collagenous stroma. The epithelial cells are cuboidal and there are no myopepithelial cells present. There is no evidence of atypia.


breast implant illness

description: A syndrome that is characterized by fatigue, problems with memory or concentration, joint and muscle pain, hair loss, weight changes and anxiety/depression. This syndrome may be related to breast implants


lactocele

description: Single or multiple, milk-containing nodules in the breast. It is caused by obstruction of the breast ducts during lactation. Needle aspiration of the milk is the treatment of choice.


benign breast phyllodes tumor

description: A usually unilateral, benign and well circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that arises from the breast. It usually affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by the presence of a double layer of epithelial cells that are arranged in clefts, surrounded by a cellular, monomorphic spindle cell mesenchymal component. Mitoses are rare. Necrotic changes may be present in large tumors.


breast adenosis

description: A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by epithelial and/or myoepithelial tissue growth in the breast lobules. It may be associated with apocrine changes or sclerosis.


breast intraductal proliferative lesion

description: A group of non-invasive epithelial proliferations that occur in the ductal system of the breast. The vast majority of cases arise in the terminal ductal lobular units. This category includes atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ. There is an increased risk for subsequent development of invasive breast carcinoma.


breast adenomyoepithelial adenosis

description: An uncommon variant of breast adenosis characterized by the presence of irregularly shaped glands, epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, and prominent myopepithelial cells. Mild atypia may be present.


breast giant fibroadenoma

description: A breast fibroadenoma characterized by a very large size. This term has also been used as a synonym for juvenile fibroadenoma by some authors. The latter is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and an increased stromal cellularity.


nipple neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises in the area of the nipple.


name: familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast

description: Familial juvenile hypertrophy of the breast is a rare breast malformation disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral, symmetrical or asymmetrical, uncontrolled, rapid and massive enlargement of the breast(s) in peripubertal females, occurring in various members of a family. Additional associated manifestations may include skin hyperemia, dilated subcutaneous veins, skin necrosis, kyphosis, lordosis and anonychia. Growth and development are otherwise normal.


benign neoplasm of male breast

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the breast parenchyma in males.


multiple fibroadenoma of the breast

description: Mammary polyadenomatosis is characterized by the presence in both breasts of multiple voluminous fibroadenomas with heterogeneous echo patterns.


name: craniofrontonasal dysplasia-Poland anomaly syndrome

description: Cranio-fronto-nasal dysplasia - Poland anomaly is a polymalformative syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, Poland anomaly, cranio-fronto-nasal dysplasia, and genital and breast anomalies. Less than ten cases have been described so far.


usual ductal breast hyperplasia

description: A neoplastic ductal proliferative lesion of the breast characterized by the formation of secondary lumens and prominent intraductal proliferation of a heterogeneous cellular population that may include epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, or metaplastic apocrine cells.


breast angiomatosis

description: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation in the breast. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces.


breast benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the breast parenchyma.


name: breasts and/or nipples, aplasia or hypoplasia of, 1


flat ductal epithelial atypia

description: A breast lesion characterized by the presence of dilated terminal ductal lobular units in which the epithelial lining has been replaced by a single layer of mildly atypical cells, or there is atypical, monotonous epithelial hyperplasia of three to five layers. This lesion relates to columnar cell change with atypia and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


breast lipoma

description: A benign, mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is surrounded by a thin capsule and composed of mature adipose tissue cells. Atypia is absent.


name: non-proliferative fibrocystic change of the breast

description: Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the absence of epithelial cell hyperplasia.


infant gynecomastia

description: Transient bilateral swelling of breast tissue in a neonate that results from the waning influence of maternal estrogen.


diabetic mastopathy

description: Diabetic mastopathy are noncancerous lesions in the breast most commonly diagnosed in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes. The cause of this condition is unknown. Symptoms may include hard, irregular, easily movable, discrete, painless breast mass(es).


sclerosing adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of acini, a lobulated architectural pattern, and stromal sclerosis. The luminal epithelial and myopepithelial cells are preserved. Microcalcifications and foci of apocrine metaplasia may be present.


breast pericanalicular fibroadenoma

description: A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by circumferential proliferation of stromal cells around the ducts. This results in the formation of rounded ductal-epithelial structures.


breast intracanalicular fibroadenoma

description: A morphologic variant of breast fibroadenoma without clinical significance. It is characterized by distortion and compression of the ducts by proliferating stromal cells.


fat necrosis of breast

description: Localized necrosis of the adipose tissue in the breast. Clinically, it may present as a mass. Causes include injury, surgical procedures, and radiation treatment.


intraductal papillary breast neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant papillary neoplasm that arises anywhere in the ductal system of the breast. It is characterized by fibrovascular structures lined by epithelial proliferations. This category includes intraductal papilloma and intraductal papillary carcinoma.


lactation disease

description: A disorder not necessarily related to pregnancy that is observed in females and males. It is characterized by disturbances of milk secretion. Causes include damage to the breast parenchyma due to inflammation, medications, pituitary tumors, and hypothyroidism.


Recurrent Ocular Melanoma

description: The reemergence of ocular melanoma after a period of remission.


Melanoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of a melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Uveal Melanoma

description: The reemergence of uveal melanoma after a period of remission.


Lentigo maligna recurrent

description: The reemergence of lentigo maligna after a period of remission


Recurrent Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

description: The reemergence of non-cutaneous melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Mucosal Melanoma

description: The reemergence of a mucosal melanoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Cutaneous Melanoma of the Extremity

description: Cutaneous melanoma of the upper or lower extremity that has recurred after a period of remission.


Recurrent Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

description: The reemergence of acral lentiginous melanoma after a period of remission.


craniofacial dyssynostosis

description: Craniofacial dyssynostosis (CFD) is a rare cranial malformation syndrome characterized by the premature closure of both lambdoid sutures and the posterior sagittal suture, resulting in abnormal skull contour (frontal bossing, anterior turricephaly with mild brachycephaly, biparietal narrowing, occipital concavity) and dysmorphic facial features (low-set ears, midfacial hypoplasia). Short stature, developmental delay, epilepsy, and oculomotor dyspraxia have also been reported. Associated anomalies include enlargement of the cerebral ventricles, agenesis of the corpus callosum, Arnold-Chiari malformation type I, venous anomalies of skull and hydrocephalus.


trichomoniasis

description: An infection that is caused by Trichomonas.


name: Trichomonas vaginitis urogenital infection

description: A sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, vaginal itching, and discomfort during intercourse.


Trichomonas cystitis

description: An cystitis caused by infection with Trichomonas vaginalis.


Trichomonas cervicitis

description: An cervicitis (disease) caused by infection with Trichomonas vaginalis.


name: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(8;21); (q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1 occurring in children.


Colon Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the colon.


name: Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

description: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Advanced Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Locally Advanced Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Metastatic Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Unresectable Nasal Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of nasal cavity

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity and is characterized by prominent production of keratin.


Type A Tylosis

description: An inherited form of tylosis that presents between 5-14 years of age and is characterized by focal areas of nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Individuals have an increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma.


keratosis

description: A skin disorder consisting of hypertrophy of the stratum corneum of the skin.


Type B Tylosis

description: An inherited form of tylosis that presents by one year and is characterized by benign palmoplantar keratoderma.


acquired keratosis

description: Focal or diffuse thickening of the skin not inherited as a primary genetic disorder. Causes include inflammatory skin disorders, infectious disorders, lymphedema, and medications.


name: Palmoplantar keratoderma with leukoplakia

description: A hereditary syndrome this is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma accompanied by leukoplakia and may be associated with a high lifetime risk of esophageal cancer, as seen in Howel-Evans Syndrome.


medium-term memory

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).


name: cellular response to temperature stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


Colonic fistula

description: An abnormal communication between the large intestine and another organ or cavity.


description: Brachymorphism-onychodysplasia-dysphalangism (BOD) is a very rare malformation syndrome that is characterized by short stature, hypoplastic fifth digits with tiny dysplastic nails, facial dysmorphism with coarse features including a wide mouth and broad nose, and mild intellectual disability. It has been suggested that Coffin-Siris syndrome and BOD syndrome are perhaps allelic variants.


erythema elevatum diutinum

description: Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a distinctive form of chronic cutaneous vasculitis, belonging to the group of the neutrophilic dermatoses.


name: Maternally Derived Graft Versus Host Disease

description: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) that occurs in an infant as the result of engraftment of maternal lymphocytes, resulting from in utero maternal-fetal cellular trafficking.


multiple skull base meningioma

description: Multiple meningiomas that affect the skull base.


name: trehalose metabolism in response to cold stress

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


normokalemic periodic paralysis

description: An autosomal dominant inherited non-dystrophic myotonia caused by mutations of the SCN4A gene, resulting in sodium muscle channelopathy. Currently, it is considered a variant of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.  Patients with normokalemic periodic paralysis do not have any change in their potassium levels during weakness, but become weak when they ingest potassium.


Harel-Yoon syndrome

description: A syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, truncal hypotonia, spasticity, and peripheral neuropathy.


focal labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis which is an infectious inflammatory disease of a circumscribed area of either the vestibular or the cochlear portion of the labyrinth, or of both together. This is caused by a chronic suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis, or cholesteatoma.


toxic labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis induced by alcohol, drug ingestion, or occasionally, inhaled substances that are toxic to the inner ear. Drugs like aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid, amiodarone, quinine, cisplatinum, barbiturates, quinine, anti-Alzheimer's medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anxiolytics can be ototoxic.


viral labyrinthitis

description: An labyrinthitis caused by infection with Viruses.


serous labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitits in which bacterial toxins invade the inner ear. It is the most common complication of acute or chronic middle ear infections.


infectious otitis interna

description: Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the inner ear secondary to an infectious process. Symptoms include severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and pain. Viral etiology is most common, and recent history of an upper respiratory infection is common. In rare cases an infection of the middle ear can spread to the inner ear, resulting in a bacterial or fungal etiology.


purulent labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis which is a bacterial infectious disease of the inner ear, often causing deafness and loss of vestibular function. This is caused when bacteria spread to the inner ear during the course of severe acute otitis media, purulent meningitis, or an enlarging cholesteatoma.


Esophagitis caused by Cytomegalovirus

description: Inflammation of the esophagus that is associated with cytomegalovirus.


Recurrent Fibrosarcoma

description: The reemergence of fibrosarcoma after a period of remission.


mueller-weiss syndrome

description: A rare bone disease characterized by spontaneous adult-onset tarsal navicular osteonecrosis. Patients present with chronic mid- and hindfoot pain, swelling and tenderness over the dorsomedial aspect of the midfoot, flattening of the medial longitudinal arch, and pes planovarus. Radiographic findings include comma-shaped deformity due to collapse of the lateral part of the navicular bone and medial or dorsal protrusion of a portion or the entire bone. The condition may be bilateral or asymmetric and associated with pathological fractures.


name: sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy

description: A rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by distention of the lymph node sinuses and sinusoidal histiocytic infiltration. The histiocytes characteristically contain ingested lymphocytes. Patients present with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, leukocytosis, and hypergammaglobulinemia. It can affect extranodal sites, including skin, bones, and the respiratory tract. It usually regresses spontaneously.


H syndrome

description: A systemic inherited histiocytosis, with characteristic cutaneous findings accompanying systemic manifestations. H syndrome refers to the major clinical findings of hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and occasionally, hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus. Due to overlapping clinical features, H syndrome is now considered to include pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus syndrome (PHID), Faisalabad histiocytosis (FHC) and familial sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (FSHML).


candidemia

description: A form of invasive candidiasis where species of candida are present in the blood.


candidiasis, invasive

description: A fungal infection by any of the Candida species in a sterile body compartment.


name: congenital patella dislocation, unilateral


cellular response to neutral pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Recurrent Acute Monocytic Leukemia

description: The reemergence of acute monocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Acute monocytic/monoblastic leukemia

description: Acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage, including monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes. Bleeding disorders are common presenting features.


Childhood Acute Monoblastic Leukemia

description: An acute monoblastic leukemia occurring in children.


name: acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia in relapse

description: The reemergence of acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia after a period of remission.


Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia

description: An acute monoblastic leukemia occurring in adults.


name: Refractory Acute Monoblastic and Monocytic Leukemia

description: Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia that does not respond to treatment.


name: Adult Acute Monoblastic and Monocytic Leukemia

description: An acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia occurring in adults.


adult acute monocytic leukemia

description: A acute monocytic leukemia that occurs in an adult.


aleukemic monocytic leukemia cutis

description: Aleukemic leukemia cutis where the skin in infiltrated by neoplastic monocytes.


Childhood Acute Monocytic Leukemia

description: An acute monocytic leukemia occurring in children.


name: Childhood Acute Monoblastic and Monocytic Leukemia

description: An acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia occurring in children.