Mouth Mucous Membrane Leukoplakia

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucous membrane in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Pharyngeal Melanoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the pharynx.


Benign Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the head and neck and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Salivary Gland Lymphadenomas

description: A rare benign salivary gland tumor that consists of a well-circumscribed biphasic proliferation of epithelial cells and reactive lymphoid tissue. Sebaceous and non-sebaceous forms can be distinguished. (WHO 2017)


Agenesis of larynx

description: A congenital deformity in which there is no laryngeal structure.


Wolff-Chaikoff Phenomenon

description: Hypothyroidism induced by excessive levels of iodine in the blood.


ductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands.  This category includes intraductal papilloma, inverted ductal papilloma, and sialadenoma papilliferum.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lip

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the lip from another anatomic site.


name: Chronic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis

description: Persistent and long-standing thyroiditis associated with temporary elevations of thyroid hormones.


Posterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the base of the tongue.


Benign neoplasm of base of tongue

description: A neoplasm that arises from the base of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma

description: A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component, fibromyxoid stroma, and dentin formation. It is treated with enucleation and curettage. Recurrences may occur.


name: Primary Head and Neck Mucosal CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the mucosal sites of the head and neck. They are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions usually arise from the oral cavity and, less frequently, the conjunctiva, orbit, and nasopharynx. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


Basal Cell Ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands are composed of uniform basaloid cells.


Non-Neoplastic Paranasal Sinus Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include sinusitis and mucocele.


Suppurative parotitis

description: Parotitis that is caused by a bacterial agent.


Salivary Gland Striated Duct Adenoma

description: A rare benign salivary gland adenoma that arises from ducts that resemble normal striated ducts.


Sinonasal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, papillomas, and carcinomas.


Benign Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from a maxillofacial bone and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Non-Neoplastic External Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pinna and/or the ear canal.


Paranasal Sinus Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


Malignant Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


name: Maxillofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from a maxillofacial bone.


Benign neoplasm of palate

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp

description: A benign polypoid lesion that arises from the nasopharynx. It usually affects neonates and older infants. It manifests as a pedunculated mass associated with cough, dyspnea, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing. It is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


name: Recurrent Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant head and neck neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism

description: Primary hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Leukoplakia of buccal mucosa

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the buccal mucosa in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


name: Refractory Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasm

description: A malignant salivary gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage IVA Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3-T4a, N1, M0).  T4a: Moderately advanced disease.  Tumor involves deep soft tissue, cartilage, bone, or overlying skin.  T3: Mucosal disease.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor

description: A benign but locally infiltrating neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is more often intraosseous and less frequently extraosseous and occurs in the jaw. It is characterized by the presence of ameloblastoma-like epithelium, connective tissue stroma, ghost cells, and dysplastic dentin. Wide local resection is recommended for intraosseous neoplasms and enucleation for extraosseous neoplasms.


Unresectable Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Non-Neoplastic Pituitary Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pituitary gland.  Representative examples include pituitary gland hypoplasia and apoplexy.


Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.  Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. It has the tendency to recur and extend to adjacent structures.  Inverted papillomas are occasionally associated with the development or presence of carcinomas, usually squamous cell carcinomas.


Diffuse C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of morphologically bland C-cells with a diffuse growth pattern in the thyroid gland.


Malignant tumor of palate

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


name: Oral Mucosa Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the oral mucosa.


Sinonasal Ameloblastoma

description: A locally aggressive, primarily gnathic (jaw) tumor with a high propensity for recurrence. It originates wholly within the sinonasal tract, without connection to gnathic sites, arising from sinonasal epithelium and showing histological features identical to those of its counterpart originating in the jaw. (WHO 2017)


Conventional ameloblastoma

description: An intraosseous ameloblastoma that arises from the jaw, usually the mandible.  It grows slowly, invades locally, and recurs frequently.  It presents with swelling of the jaw.


Head and Neck Melanocytic Neoplasm

description: A melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the skin or mucosal sites in the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

description: A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland.  It is composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Patients present with a progressively enlarging and painless mass.


Lingual Thyroid Gland

description: Ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue.


Nasal vestibulitis

description: Inflammation of the lining of the anterior portion of the nasal cavity, usually caused by a bacterial infection.


Hyperthyroidism with Hashimoto disease

description: Severe, transient hyperthyroidism associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.


canalicular adenoma of salivary gland

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm primarily composed of branching and interconnecting cords of single and double-cell thick rows of columnar epithelium in a very loose stroma. It often occurs in the upper lip, where only pleomorphic adenoma is more frequent. Asymptomatic swelling of the upper lip is the most common clinical finding. It may present clinically and histologically as a multifocal lesion, a feature not generally seen with other intraoral salivary gland tumors.


name: Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A rare thyroid gland follicular adenoma composed predominantly of spindle cells.


Oral Verruca Vulgaris

description: Verruca vulgaris in the lips and oral cavity.


Malignant Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Middle Ear Paraganglioma

description: A jugulotympanic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the middle ear.


Thyroid Gland Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Dual Oxidase 2 Deficiency

description: Thyroid peroxidase system defect due to presumed mutation(s) in the DUOX2 gene, resulting in decreased activity of dual oxidase 2.


Transient hypothyroxinemia

description: Reduced concentration of thyroid hormone(s), usually associated with a non-thyroidal illness, that resolves spontaneously.


name: Refractory Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

description: Malignant pharyngeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Head and Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.


Diffuse endemic goiter

description: A diffuse goiter caused by inadequate iodine intake.


Laryngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the larynx.


Benign neoplasm of bone of skull

description: A neoplasm that arises from the bones and structures of skull and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Recurrent Skull Base Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of skull base carcinoma after a period of remission.


External Ear Actinic Keratosis

description: Actinic keratosis that develops in the skin of the external ear.


Non-Neoplastic Pharyngeal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx.  Representative examples include pharyngitis and mucositis.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei

description: A thyroid gland adenoma containing follicular cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei.  The clinical course is benign.


Defective Thyroglobulin Synthesis

description: Impairment in the intracellular synthesis of thyroglobulin.


Parathyroid gland abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the parathyroid gland(s).


Hairy leukoplakia of tongue

description: An epithelial hyperplasia on the surface of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.


Pharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


Head and Neck Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.


Congenital thyroid hypoplasia

description: Incomplete development of the thyroid gland in a newborn.


Palatine Tonsil Hamartomatous Polyp

description: A rare hamartomatous polyp that arises from the palatine tonsil.


Erythroleukoplakia

description: Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa that is clinically characterized by the presence of erythematous or red and white patches.


Thyroid Gland Paraganglioma

description: A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the thyroid gland. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of tumor cells arranged in a nesting (Zellballen) growth pattern. The reported cases have followed a benign clinical course.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of thyroid gland

description: An exceedingly rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Refractory Malignant Oral Neoplasm

description: Lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Sinonasal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma

description: A benign acquired overgrowth of indigenous glands of the sinonasal tract arising from the surface epithelium. (WHO 2017)


Non-Neoplastic Tongue Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tongue.


Sinonasal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Speckled oral leukoplakia

description: Non-homogenous leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Leukoplakia of tongue

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the tongue which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Benign neoplasm of uvula

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uvula.


name: Thyroid Gland Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

description: A rare histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the thyroid gland.


name: Middle Ear Inverted Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An inverted papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles a sinonasal inverted papilloma.


Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the major or minor salivary glands.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of salivary gland

description: A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland.


name: Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm

description: A rare, low-grade epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by a proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the minor salivary gland ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. Cytologic and architectural atypia and mitotic activity are present. AKT1 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of cases. Morphologically it resembles the intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

description: A benign, intraosseous or extraosseous cystic neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a cyst lined by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells formation. The ghost cells may undergo calcification. It is treated with enucleation. Few recurrences have been reported for intraosseous neoplasms whereas no recurrences have been reported for extraosseous neoplasms.


Sinonasal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


name: Stage IVC Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Head and Neck Nevus

description: A benign nevus that arises from the skin in the head and neck region.


Leukoplakia of larynx

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx.  It appears as a localized or diffuse white patch on the laryngeal mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may progress to or co-exist with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Maxillofacial Osteoblastoma

description: A benign bone-forming neoplasm with prominent osteoblastic rimming arising in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis

description: A relatively common non-neoplastic inflammatory and degenerative lesion that affects the external ear. It is characterized by necrotic changes in the dermis and perichondrium. It usually affects the helix. Patients present with a painful nodule that contains a cup-shaped crater filled with necrotic debris, inflammatory cells, and fibrin. It is caused by helmets, headsets, actinic changes, and frostbite resulting in dermal microtraumas. It is often confused clinically with squamous or basal cell carcinoma, and it may recur.


name: Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor

description: A rare midline nasopharyngeal lesion that affects infants. It presents with respiratory distress due to nasal airway obstruction. It is a biphasic lesion characterized by the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial components. The histological features suggest that this lesion may be a hamartoma, rather than a neoplasm.


Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Sinonasal Exophytic Papilloma

description: A papilloma with an exophytic growth arising from the sinonasal track.


Disorder of vocal cord

description: A disorder affecting the vocal cords. Representative examples include vocal cord nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and paralysis.


Suprasellar Germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from the suprasellar region.


Sinonasal Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Central odontogenic fibroma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla (central odontogenic fibroma); and rarely from extraosseous tissues, usually in the gingiva (peripheral odontogenic fibroma). It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma. Local enucleation of the tumor is curative.


Orbit Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the orbit.  Patients may present with visual disturbances or proptosis.


Head and Neck Erdheim-Chester Disease

description: Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the head and neck region. Patients present with xanthelasma-like lesions in the face, neck, and around the eyes.


Maxillofacial Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Diffuse goiter

description: Enlargement of the entire thyroid gland without discrete mass(es).


name: Thyroid Gland Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells, in which capsular or vascular invasion is indeterminate.


Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis

description: A benign salivary gland lesion characterized by acinar atrophy, ductal hyperplasia, and epimyoepithelial islands in lymphoid stroma. (WHO 2017)


name: Cystic/Microcystic Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor characterized by cystic/microcystic changes.


Nasopharyngeal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx.


Neonatal hearing impairment

description: An abnormality that affects hearing within the first month after birth. It may or may not result in hearing loss.


Oral Cavity Adenoma

description: A monomorphic or pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Soft Palate Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the soft palate and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Non-Calcifying/Langerhans Cell-Rich Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor that contains significant numbers of Langerhans cells.


Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


name: Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicles and characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin.


Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism

description: Hypothyroidism due to insufficient intake of iodine.


name: Thyroid Gland Signet Ring Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells that stain positive for thyroglobulin.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the head and neck. This category includes neuroendocrine tumors, neuroendocrine carcinomas, and paragangliomas.


name: Thyroid Gland Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the thyroid gland focally or diffusely. It is exceedingly rare and usually occurs in patients with multifocal disease.


Odontogenic Fibroma, Amyloid Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits. Langerhans cells are often present in the odontogenic epithelium.


Adenoma, Basal Cell

description: A salivary gland benign epithelial neoplasm with a uniform, monomorphic appearance that is dominated by basal cells forming trabecular structures. It is rare and occurs mostly on the parotid gland. The average age of patients has been reported to be 58 years. Swelling is the most constant clinical finding.


Pharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


name: Head and Neck Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease

description: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease that affects the head and neck region. It usually affects the cervical lymph nodes. Extranodal head and neck sites of involvement include the orbit, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses.


name: Stage III Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Mucosal disease N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Head and Neck Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Cell Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm of hematopoietic and lymphoid cell origin that affects the head and neck region.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Nodular Disease

description: A benign, non-inflammatory, multifocal proliferation of thyroid follicular cells that results in the formation of multiple thyroid nodules. The clinical term multinodular goiter refers to the changes caused in the thyroid gland by follicular nodular disease.


name: neoplasm of anterior dorsal surface of tongue

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


Parotid Gland Keratocystoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of multicystic formations, lined by neoplastic stratified squamous epithelium and containing keratotic lamellae. The neoplastic squamous epithelial cells have bland nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Focally, solid islands of squamous cells surrounded by collagenous stroma are present.


Salivary Gland Infection

description: A viral (such as mumps) or bacterial infectious process affecting the salivary gland. The salivary gland becomes enlarged and is often painful.


name: Refractory Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant head and neck neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Head and Neck Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region. The oral cavity is the most frequently affected site.


name: Hybrid Odontogenic Fibroma with Central Giant Cell Granuloma

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of combined histological features of giant cell granuloma and odontogenic fibroma.


Disorder of tonsil (palatine tonsil)

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


name: inverted ductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: A very rare benign tumor of the minor salivary glands, characterized by a luminal papillary proliferation that arises at the junction of the salivary gland duct and the oral mucosal surface epithelium and expands as a nodular mass into the lamina propria.  It presents as an asymptomatic mucosal swelling.


Unicystic ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that presents as a unilocular cyst.  It usually arises from the mandible.


Sellar ependymoma

description: A very rare, low-grade neoplasm that arises from the posterior pituitary. It is composed of epithelioid and oncocytic cells forming sheets and fascicles. It shows histopathological features reminiscent of ependymomas, including perivascular pseudorosettes and true rosettes. There is no evidence of necrosis or increased mitotic activity. Despite the presence of ependymal histopathological features, these neoplasms probably are not related to ependymomas. Their prognosis is unknown.


Benign neoplasm of accessory sinus

description: A neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma.


Oral Cavity Myeloid Sarcoma

description: An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the oral cavity. It occurs de novo or can precede, coincide with, or follow the presentation of acute myeloid leukemia, or can constitute blastic transformation of a myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. (WHO 2017)


Necrotizing Sialometaplasia

description: A reactive and self-limiting inflammation of the salivary glands that results in degeneration and necrosis of salivary acini and ductal squamous metaplasia. It usually affects the minor salivary glands in the posterolateral hard palate. It is probably caused by trauma and hypoxia.


Malignant Inner Ear Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the inner ear.


Benign Skull Base Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises the skull base and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Stage IVB Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0.  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor involves brain, dura, skull base, lower cranial nerves (IX, X, XI, XII), masticator space, carotid artery, prevertebral space, or mediastinal structures.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Head and Neck

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the head and neck.  This may be from a primary head and neck malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Recurrent Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

description: The reemergence of inverted Schneiderian papilloma after a period of remission.


Thyroid Gland Hyperfunctioning Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma producing thyroxin.  It is associated with hyperthyroidism.  Radioactive iodine scan reveals a hot nodule.


Adult Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that occurs during adulthood.  It can be either adamantinomatous or papillary.  The papillary histologic variant occurs virtually exclusively in adults.  Clinical signs and symptoms include visual disturbances and endocrine deficiencies.


Acquired Hyperthyroidism

description: Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is not present from birth.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Architecture

description: A benign, encapsulated thyroid gland neoplasm characterized by the presence of large follicles with intrafollicular papillary architecture. The cells lining the papillae are usually columnar. It is usually a cystic neoplasm and lacks nuclear atypia and capsular invasion. Psammoma bodies are not present. Activating TSHR mutations have been described in the majority of cases. In a small number of cases GNAS mutations have been identified.


name: Malignant Nasopharyngeal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


Non-Neoplastic Inner Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the inner ear.  Representative examples include infection and sensory hearing loss.


Thyroid Gland Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A rare solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the thyroid gland.


Lymphocytic Neurohypophysitis

description: An autoimmune condition affecting the posterior pituitary gland, which is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, and which often presents as diabetes insipidus.


Squamous cell papilloma of oral cavity

description: A benign, exophytic and polypoid growth that arises from the lips or oral cavity. It is covered by hyperplastic epithelium. Some cases are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


Odontogenic myxoma

description: An intraosseous odontogenic neoplasm with good prognosis, arising from the mandible and less frequently from the maxilla. It is characterized by the presence of stellate cells, myxoid stroma formation, and prominent collagen. Small tumors may be cured with enucleation. Complete excision may be required for larger tumors.


Interarytenoid leukoplakia

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white mucosal patch in the interarytenoid area.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Head and Neck Juvenile Xanthogranuloma

description: A benign histiocytic tumor that usually arises from the skin of the head and neck and occurs during childhood. It is distinct from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Rarely, it can arise from extracutaneous head and neck sites, including the eye, ocular adnexa, oral cavity, paranasal sinuses, and ear. It is characterized by the presence of lipid-laden, foamy histiocytes and Touton-type giant cells.


Aneuploid Dysplastic Oral Leukoplakia

description: Oral leukoplakia associated with advanced dysplasia in which genetic studies show aneuploidy.  The vast majority of patients develop aggressive invasive squamous cell carcinomas.  Complete resection of the lesion does not reduce the risk of developing invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Cavity Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity.  Representative examples include inflammation, fibroepithelial polyp, and cleft palate.


Acquired central hypothyroidism

description: Central hypothyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Recurrent Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

description: Reemergence of a malignant pharyngeal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Atrophy of thyroid - acquired

description: Atrophy of the thyroid gland, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed salivary gland neoplasm that predominantly affects females.  It is characterized by the presence of microcysts, ducts, and acini in a sclerotic stroma.  Focal lymphocytic infiltrates may also be present.


Osteoma of skull

description: A benign bone-forming neoplasm arising from the skull.


Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck

description: A melanoma that arises in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx.


Fibro-odontoma, Ameloblastic

description: A rare benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a fibromyxoid stroma, epithelial component, dentin, and enamel. Recurrences are rare.


Non-toxic nodular goiter

description: Sporadic nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Non-Neoplastic Gingival Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the gums.


Maxillofacial Osteoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed bone-forming neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Reactive C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of C-cells in the thyroid gland caused by external stimuli such as hypercalcemia and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Transient Primary Hypothyroidism

description: Primary hypothyroidism that resolves spontaneously.


Sellar Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the central cells in the odontogenic epithelial islands show squamous differentiation.


Tonsillopharyngitis

description: Inflammation of the palatine tonsils and the posterior pharynx (throat).


Leukoplakia of vocal cords

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucosal surface of the vocal cords.  In most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Intrasellar Meningioma

description: A rare meningioma arising from the intrasellar region.


Sinonasal Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Ameloblastic Fibroodontosarcoma

description: An odontogenic sarcoma producing enamel/enameloid and dentin.


name: Oral Cavity and Lip Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosa surface of the oral cavity or lip.  It includes leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and smoker's keratosis.


Head and Neck Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the head and neck region. It is usually located in the lymph nodes of the neck.


Tongue Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the tongue.


Oral Cavity Granular Cell Tumor

description: A rare neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity, usually the tongue.  It is characterized by the presence of plump eosinophilic cells with abundant granular cytoplasm.  The neoplastic cells extend into the surrounding tissues, usually skeletal muscle.  The vast majority of cases follow a benign clinical course.  Recurrences are rare after removal of the tumor.


name: Recurrent Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of malignant thyroid gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Refractory Malignant Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: Malignant thyroid gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Jaw Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Head and Neck Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the head and neck. The majority affect the subcutaneous connective tissue of the face, neck, and scalp.


Thyroid Gland Black Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland follicular adenoma seen in patients treated with minocycline. The tumors have black discoloration visible on macroscopic examination and cytoplasmic accumulation of black pigment. (WHO 2017)


name: Head and Neck Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma

description: A follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the cervical lymph nodes, the Waldeyer ring, and the soft tissue of the neck.


name: Middle Ear Oncocytic Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An oncocytic papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles an oncocytic sinonasal papilloma.


Recurrent Craniopharyngioma

description: The reemergence of a craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Granular cell ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands contain granular cells.


name: Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of mucosal melanoma of the head and neck according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition. No prognostic stage grouping is proposed in the 8th edition.


Oral Melanoacanthoma

description: A non-neoplastic indolent oral lesion, characterized by proliferation of mucosal epithelial and melanocytic cells. It is distinct from neoplastic cutaneous melanoacanthoma. It usually affects the buccal mucosa and presents as a rapidly growing, pigmented lesion. It is caused by chronic trauma and/or reactions to oral care.


Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Non-Neoplastic Sinonasal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include rhinitis, sinusitis, and mucocele.


Sellar Schwannoma

description: An extremely rare schwannoma that arises from the sellar region.


Hypothyroid Goiter

description: Goiter associated with reduced thyroid hormone secretion.


Sialoblastoma

description: A rare, malignant primitive neoplasm that occurs in the salivary glands. Most tumors arise from the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular gland, and rarely the minor salivary glands. It is usually diagnosed during the neonatal period and presents with painless face swelling.


Lymphedema of the Head and Neck

description: Lymphedema that manifests in the head and neck.


Central Odontogenic Fibroma

description: An odontogenic fibroma that arises from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla.


Choanal polyp

description: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the nasopharynx.


Thyroid Gland Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland teratomas with high grade/malignant histological features carry DICER1 gene mutations and have been reclassified as thyroblastomas. They are no longer considered true teratomas.


name: Salivary Gland Intercalated Duct Adenoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed or encapsulated neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands, usually the parotid. It is characterized by nodular and less often multinodular proliferation of cuboidal ductal cells and attenuated myoepithelial cells, resembling bi-layered intercalated ducts. Most lesions are incidental findings, usually measuring less than 5 mm.


Nasal Cavity Papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity.


Oral Cavity Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Embryonal Carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Maxillofacial Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Nasopharyngeal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Malignant Skull Base Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.


Oral melanocytic nevus

description: A melanocytic nevus that arises from the lip and/or oral cavity. The majority are benign. Dysplastic nevi that can lead to the development of melanoma can rarely arise from the lip and/or oral cavity.


Cystic Chondromalacia

description: A degenerative pseudocystic lesion that affects the auricular cartilaginous plate. Causes include ischemic necrosis and trauma.


name: Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features

description: A non-invasive neoplasm of thyroid follicular cells with a follicular growth pattern and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma that has an extremely low malignant potential. These tumors were formerly classified as non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma or well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Juvenile Trabecular Ossifying Fibroma

description: A rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that usually affects the jaws and predominantly arises in children and adolescents. It is characterized by prominent osteoid formation rimmed by osteoblasts in a fibrotic stroma. Patients usually present with painless jaw expansion that is associated with rapid growth and tooth displacement. Amplifications of MDM2 and RASAL1 genes have been detected in some cases. Recurrences have been reported in a minority of cases.


Ameloblastic Fibrodentinosarcoma

description: An odontogenic sarcoma producing dentin/dentinoid.


name: Inverting papilloma of the paranasal sinus

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


Non-Neoplastic Lip Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lips.  Representative examples include inflammation and cleft lip.


Neoplastic C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A neoplastic process arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland.  It is considered a precursor of hereditary medullary thyroid gland carcinoma, and it is associated with mutations of the RET gene.


name: Odontogenic Fibroma, Granular Cell Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma composed of granular cells admixed with odontogenic epithelium.


Salivary Duct Inflammation

description: An inflammatory process affecting the salivary duct.


Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma

description: A rare, benign, extraosseous neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually presents as a slow growing exophytic mass in the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma.


description: The reemergence of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Jaw Osteoma

description: An osteoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Aggressive papillary tumor

description: A locally invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in any area of the middle ear, including the mastoid process and air cells, and may fill the tympanic cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary glandular pattern, with complex interdigitating papillae lying loosely or infiltrating fibrous connective tissue. (WHO 2017)


Maxillofacial Osteoid Osteoma

description: A benign bone-forming tumor that arises in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by limited growth potential. (WHO 2017)


Salivary Gland Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


name: Jaw Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Sarcoma of head and neck

description: A sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Sialolipoma

description: A benign salivary gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Head and Neck Dermoid Cyst

description: A dermoid cyst that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the orbit, periorbital tissue, dorsum of the nose, floor of the mouth, and ear.


Non-Neoplastic Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the ear.  Representative examples include infection, cholesteatoma, and hearing disorders.


sebaceous adenoma of salivary gland

description: A rare, benign, encapsulated epithelial tumor composed of cells that form solid, variably shaped islands and cysts, both showing focal sebaceous differentiation. The mean age of patients is reported to be 58 years, and most tumors occur in the parotid gland. There is a male predominance. Most patients are asymptomatic.


intraductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: An intraluminal papillary proliferation that causes unicystic dilatation of the duct and may have features in common with papillary cystadenoma. It is quite rare, and involves almost exclusively the excretory ducts of intraoral minor salivary glands. It presents as an asymptomatic submucosal swelling.


Sinonasal Oncocytic Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm with exophytic and endophytic growth arising from the lateral nasal wall or the paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by the proliferation of columnar cells with oncocytic features. Microcysts containing mucin and neutrophils are present in the epithelium. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Occasionally, it is associated with the development or presence of a carcinoma, usually squamous cell carcinoma.


name: Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: A carcinoma that has metastasized to the head and neck region from an unknown primary anatomic site. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the neck lymph nodes accounts for the vast majority of these lesions.


name: Primary Oral Cavity CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the oral mucosa and are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions arise from the gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and palate. Patients usually present with a mass that is often ulcerated. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


cystadenoma of salivary gland

description: An uncommon benign epithelial tumor, characterized by predominantly unicystic or multicystic growth; there is focal intraluminal papillary proliferation of the lining epithelium. Nearly half occur in the parotid gland.  In the minor salivary glands, women are affected more than men. In the major salivary glands, cystadenomas present as slowly enlarging, asymptomatic masses that may be slightly compressible. Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


name: Benign inverted transitional cell papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.  It is classified as inverted papilloma, oncocytic papilloma, and exophytic papilloma. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia.


Sellar Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Benign tumor of external ear

description: A neoplasm that arises from the external ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and lipoma.


name: Proliferative verrucous oral leukoplakia

description: Warty leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Metastatic Ureter Carcinoma

description: Ureter carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Locally Advanced Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Urothelial carcinoma ureter metastatic

description: Ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage 0 Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: Merkel cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

description: An exceedingly rare, high-grade variant of conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells and variable amount of tumor osteoid.


name: Stage IIIB Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage III Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); IIIB (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage IIIA Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


Pancreatic Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the pancreas.


Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplastic lesion that shows morphologic evidence of invasion into the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion into the submucosa.  Evidence of invasion may refer to stromal invasion by single cells or clusters of cells, presence of atypical and complex glandular architectural patterns beyond those that are present in normal mucosa, desmoplasia, and/or vascular invasion.


Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the gastric glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria but not the submucosa.  There is marked glandular crowding, branching and budding, intraluminal necrosis, and prominent mitotic activity.  Desmoplastic changes may be present or absent.


Esophageal Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: Adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is confined entirely to the mucosa.


Thrombophilia Related to COVID-19

description: Thrombophilia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Reactive B-Cell Rich Lymphoid Proliferations that Can Mimic Lymphoma

description: A term that refers to non-neoplastic, dense B-cell lymphoproliferations in nodal or extranodal sites that resemble B-cell lymphoma.


name: Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Periosteal fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant fibroblastic tumor arising from the periosteal connective tissue that surrounds a bone.


description: A rare malignant tumor of soft tissue characterized by a bimorphic pattern composed of undifferentiated small round cells and islands of well differentiated hyaline cartilage.


name: Very Low Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


Extraskeletal Osteoma

description: A rare benign overgrowth of bone arising from extraskeletal sites.


Angiosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An angiosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Benign stromal tumor

description: A benign neoplasm composed of mesenchymal stromal cells without evidence of cellular atypia.


Advanced Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma

description: A leiomyosarcoma arising from an anatomic site other than skin.


Hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma metastatic

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma which has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Very Low Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Very Low Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Kaposi Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A Kaposi sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


name: High Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of skin

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the skin.


name: Very Low Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: High Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Epithelioid Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An epithelioid sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Very Low Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Intermediate Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Angiomyosarcoma

description: A malignant smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical spindle cells and formation of vascular channels.


Benign Orbit Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Leiomyosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A leiomyosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: High Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Unresectable Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: High Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Intermediate Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma recurrent

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes, which has recurred after treatment.


Giant cell sarcoma

description: A sarcoma characterized by the presence of large, anaplastic malignant cells.


name: High Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 2


Mixed osteosarcoma

description: A term referring to conventional osteosarcomas which do not have a dominant matrix pattern and contain a mixture of osteoid matrix in combination with chondroid matrix and/or collagen fibers.


Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma with lipomatous differentiation.


name: Solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma grade 1

description: A hemangiopericytoma without malignant morphologic or clinical characteristics.


Metastatic Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes without evidence of metastases.


name: Intermediate Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 2


name: Intermediate Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Benign Mediastinal Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum.


Benign Kidney Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the kidney.


Refractory Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


description: A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells, histiocytic cells, and a storiform growth pattern.


name: Well Differentiated Malignant Hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma with well-differentiated morphological features.


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 3


name: Intermediate Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Congenital Ventricular Tachycardia

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates in the ventricles that is present at birth.


name: Skene Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra

description: A rare urethral adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Anaplastic Ependymoma

description: Anaplastic ependymoma that is resistant to treatment.


Unresectable Vaginal Carcinoma

description: Vaginal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cytomegalovirus hepatitis

description: Hepatitis secondary to viral infection with cytomegalovirus.


name: Non-Neoplastic Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver parenchyma and the intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholangitis.


Secondary Biliary Cholangitis

description: Biliary cirrhosis due to obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts.


Post-Hepatitis Chronic Hepatopathy

description: Chronic liver disease that occurs secondary to, and after recovery from, hepatitis.


Severe Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension with variceal bleeding, ascites, chronic jaundice, or status post liver transplantation.


Mitochondrial hepatopathy

description: A liver disorder caused by primary or secondary defects in the function of the mitochondria in the hepatocytes.


Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver

description: A non-neoplastic, regenerating hepatocellular hyperplasia, secondary to the presence of focal vascular abnormalities in the liver.


Hepatitis toxoplasmal

description: Hepatitis caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.


Mild Liver Disease

description: Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without portal hypertension.


name: Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis B

description: Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis b infection.


Viral hepatitis, type G

description: A form of liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis G virus.


Central hemorrhagic necrosis of liver

description: A disorder in which damaged or dying hepatocytes severely impair venous outflow leading to sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage.


Chronic liver disease

description: Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests.


Congestive hepatopathy

description: Chronic passive congestion of the liver secondary to right heart failure. Elevation of central venous pressure leads to restriction of the hepatic circulation. Prolonged hepatic venous pressure may lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.


Hepatic sclerosis

description: A thickening of the liver parenchyma. Hepatic sclerosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis may exist along a continuum.


Acute Hepatitis E Infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis E virus, which is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. Signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools and joint pain. There is no specific anti-viral treatment, the infection resolves on its own.


Liver calculus

description: The presence of solitary or multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Moderate Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis with portal hypertension but without any history of variceal bleeding.


name: Liver Disease Associated with Cystic Fibrosis

description: A spectrum of liver disorders that develop in patients with cystic fibrosis. It includes asymptomatic elevation of the liver function tests, steatosis, cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma.


Chronic viral hepatitis

description: Chronic hepatitis caused by viruses, most commonly hepatitis viruses B and C.


Alcoholic Cirrhosis with Ascites

description: A disorder of the liver secondary to the excessive consumption of ethanol that is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Ductal plate malformation

description: A congenital disorder of the intrahepatic bile ducts characterized by abnormal embryonal development of the ductal plates.


Hepatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the liver.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Gastrointestinal malfunction arising from mental factors

description: A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.


Childhood Cystic Nephroma

description: A cystic nephroma that occurs in very young children.


Childhood Benign Kidney Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the kidney and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

description: A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


name: Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm by Anatomic Region


Cervical Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervical esophagus.


name: Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of kidney

description: A very rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the kidney.


name: Unresectable Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1 or T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0 or N1, M0).  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  T3: Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. Lesions have been divided into T3a, T3b, and T3c. T3a: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm. T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  N0: No lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma associated with biallelic somatic mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and characterized by the presence of neoplastic polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and cystic changes.


name: Unresectable Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is not amenable to surgical resection.


ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare renal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the chromosome 2p23 breakpoint that result in gene fusions between the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) and various gene partners.


Metastatic Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that develops in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


name: Refractory Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Childhood Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 4 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by extreme nuclear pleomorphism and/or sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid differentiation and/or tumor giant cells. (WHO, 1982 /ISUP 2014)


name: Recurrent Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: BAP1-Mutant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is associated with a mutation in BAP1 gene. These tumors are typically high grade and associated with poor outcome.


name: Metastatic Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage I Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Childhood Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Locally Advanced Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;17)(p11.2;q25)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q25) resulting in fusion of the ASPL and TFE3 genes.


name: Clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of kidney carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma, High Grade

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


name: Locally Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with inv(X)(p11;q12)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the inv(X)(p11;q12) resulting in fusion of the NONO (p54nrb) and TFE3 genes.


Metastatic Kidney Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the kidney and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Unresectable Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A renal cell carcinoma that cannot be classified into one of the established subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.


name: Non-Hereditary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The most common type of renal cell carcinoma, characterized by a loss of genetic material of the short arm of chromosome 3.  The most common symptom at the time of diagnosis is hematuria.  The tumor has a golden-yellow color because of the abundance of intracytoplasmic lipid.  This is a clinically aggressive type of renal cell carcinoma.  The tumor usually metastasizes to unusual sites and late metastasis is common.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma with Constitutional Chromosome 3 Translocations

description: A renal cell carcinoma with constitutional chromosome 3 translocations.


name: Locally Advanced Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Refractory Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A kidney medullary carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III renal cell cancer

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N0, M0); (T3b, N1, M0); (T3c, N0, M0); (T3c, N1, M0). T3: Tumor extends into major veins or invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3a: Tumor directly invades adrenal gland or perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or vena cava below the diaphragm.  T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A group of renal cell carcinomas characterized by the absence of lipid-containing clear adenocarcinoma cells. This category includes the following morphological subtypes: papillary renal cell carcinoma; sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma; chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma; and eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma.


name: Locally Recurrent Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of kidney cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas arising in the kidney. It does not apply to urothelial carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for renal pelvis and ureter), lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), sarcomas (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs), and Wilms tumor (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Childhood SMARCB1-Deficient Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A SMARCB1-deficient kidney medullary carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Early Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to clear cell renal cell carcinoma that presents as a small tumor and is confined to the kidney.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 7 cm in greatest dimension limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of kidney medullary carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;q21)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) resulting in fusion of the PRCC and TFE3 genes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Refractory Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A kidney medullary carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Grade 3 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Transplant-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node.  N2: Metastasis in more than one regional lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


ELOC-Mutated Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of mutations in the ELOC (TCEB1)  gene at 8q21.11.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;p34)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;p34) resulting in fusion of the PSF and TFE3 genes.


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Kidney Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes

description: A term that refers to the classification of kidney carcinomas according to their molecular characteristics.


name: Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A very rare renal cell carcinoma that usually affects young adults. It is characterized by mutations in one of the four subunits of the SDH complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD gene). Most frequently, the mutations occur in the SDHB subunit. It has a relatively good prognosis.


Unresectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland).  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 400 magnification, and visible but not prominent at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Grade 1 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by absent or inconspicuous and basophilic nucleoli at x 400 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Kidney Carcinoma

description: Kidney carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal cell carcinoma recurrent

description: A reemergence of renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the kidney to other anatomic sites.


Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that is mainly confined to the kidney with or without involvement of perinephric tissues and without evidence of spread to other organs.


Kidney Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Recurrent Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T3: Tumor extending into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage I Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, M0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Childhood ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Refractory Kidney Carcinoma

description: Kidney carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Invasive Adenocarcinoma in Adenomatous Polyp

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises in an adenomatous polyp.


name: Gallbladder Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm, High Grade

description: An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial atypia.


Gestational diabetes mellitus class A1

description: Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. Diagnosis from abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but normal glucose levels when fasting and two hours post-prandial. Euglycemia achieved with diet and/or exercise.


Carcinomatosis of peritoneal cavity

description: A condition in which a carcinoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


name: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with maturation occurring in children.


Type B Lymphomatoid Papulosis

description: A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by an epidermotropic infiltrate composed of small atypical cerebriform-like lymphocytes.


name: Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma MYCN

description: An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by the expression of MYCN molecular signature.


Retropharyngeal Abscess

description: An abscess that develops in the soft tissues behind the posterior pharyngeal wall.


Factor IX Inactivation

description: Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor IX in the blood.


Benign neoplasm of adnexa of skin

description: A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands. It is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include cylindroma, hidrocystoma, hidradenoma, and sebaceoma.


Adult Grade I Meningioma

description: A grade I meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Recurrent Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


name: High Grade Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: A mucinous adenocarcinoma that arises from the appendix. The malignant cells are numerous and exhibit high grade dysplasia.  It may be associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei, but unlike the low grade mucinous neoplasm, it invades other organs and metastasizes to distant anatomic sites.


Recurrent Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant abdominal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Adult Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


name: Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS 1 Toronto Guidelines v2

description: No clinical signs of CNS involvement and no blasts in CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Adenomatous hyperplasia

description: Proliferation of the glandular epithelial cells.


Stage IIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or serosa of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Grade 4

description: A stage of posterior subcapsular cataract characterized by greater than 50% of the posterior capsule obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


name: Stage IIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T2, M0, Risk factors: low risk.  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma

description: A giant cell glioblastoma occurring in adults.


Moderate Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

description: Evidence of moderate retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


Recurrent Anal Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of anal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent tumor

description: The reemergence of a neoplasm after a period of remission.


Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia

description: Thrombocytopenia caused by ingested or injected drugs. It may be the result of decreased platelet production due to bone marrow suppression or increased rate of platelet destruction.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to vagina

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the vagina from another anatomic site.


name: Ampulla of Vater Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of ampulla of Vater cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system does not apply to well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors but does apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Recurrent Malignant Spermatic Cord Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant spermatic cord neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Small Cleaved Cell


Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma

description: A melanoma of the skin that is not confined to the dermal-epidermal junction, and has infiltrated the dermis.


Mediastinal Diseases

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum.  Representative examples include mediastinitis, mediastinal lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, thymoma, and mediastinal lymphoma.


name: FIGO Stage I Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

description: Lesion is confined to the uterus.


Sweating fever

description: A febrile response accompanied by diaphoresis.


Recurrent Gliomatosis Cerebri

description: The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri after a period of remission.


Lacrimal Gland Oncocytoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


Fallopian Tube Non-Neoplastic Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the fallopian tube.  Representative examples include acute and chronic salpingitis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, and endometriosis.


Prosthetic valve endocarditis

description: Endocarditis occurring on parts of a valve prosthesis or a reconstructed heart valve; it can be classified into early and late prosthetic valve endocarditis.


name: Primary cutaneous CD4 positive small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder

description: A primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.  It usually presents with a solitary plaque or tumor on the face, neck, or upper trunk.  Morphologically, it is composed of small to medium-sized CD4-positive, CD8-negative, and CD30-negative pleomorphic T-lymphocytes.  A small number of large pleomorphic T-lymphocytes may also be present.  The lymphocytic infiltrate is dermal.  Focal epidermotropism and subcutaneous involvement may be present.  The clinical behavior is almost always indolent and most patients present with localized disease.


name: Infection by methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

description: A bacterial infection that is caused by Staphylococcus aureus that is susceptible to methicillin.


Refractory Leukemia

description: Leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


name: Locally Advanced Unresectable Malignant Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Diffuse Astrocytoma

description: A diffuse astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIC Vulvar Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: T1-T2, N2c, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the vulva and/or perineum. Multifocal lesions should be designated as such. The largest lesion or the lesion with the greatest depth of invasion will be the target lesion identified to address the highest pT stage. Depth of invasion is defined as the measurement of the tumor from the epithelial-stromal junction of the adjacent most superficial dermal papilla to the deepest point of invasion. T2: Tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal third of the urethra, lower/distal third of the vagina, anal involvement). N2c: Lymph node(s) metastasis with extranodal extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Low Grade Conjunctival Melanocytic Intraepithelial Lesion

description: Conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of mild atypia.


name: MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, LIMB-GIRDLE, TYPE 1C

description: A sub-type of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy caused by mutation(s) in the CAV3 gene, encoding caveolin-3.


name: congenital malformation syndromes due to known exogenous causes

description: A syndrome characterized by the presence of structural malformations that are present at birth and can be attributed to an exogenous cause.


Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: An adenocarcinoma which has metastasized from an unknown primary anatomic site.


name: Low Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the proliferation of secretory cells with irregular spacing in the ducts and acini.  Although some proliferating epithelial cells may contain prominent nucleoli, the cytologic atypia and architectural growth patterns that are seen in the high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia are absent.  The presence of low grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in needle biopsy is not a risk factor for the subsequent detection of carcinoma on repeat biopsy.


name: Stage IV Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent WHO Grade 2 Glioma

description: The reemergence of WHO grade 2 glioma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Glioma

description: The reemergence of a glioma after a period of remission.


name: Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(8;21); (q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22; q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1 occurring in adults.


leather-bottle stomach

description: A cancer-related condition in which the gastric wall becomes thickened and rubbery (leather-bottle stomach). It is most often associated with diffuse gastric adenocarcinomas.


name: Pathologic Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Paratesticular Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor

description: A rare, indolent, usually solitary mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the tunica vaginalis. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary architecture in which the papillae are lined by cuboidal mesothelial cells. Mitotic figures are usually absent. Stromal invasion is absent or minimal. It usually manifests with a hydrocele and less frequently scrotal mass.


Herpes esophagitis

description: Esophagitis resulting from exposure to herpes virus.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Tumor extending to pelvic wall and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Bone Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the bone.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.