name: Stage IV Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Tumor with moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible.  Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of larynx. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  T4b: Tumor with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, or skull base or encases carotid artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage II includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M1; 55 years and older: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage II Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma 55 Years and Older AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


tonsil carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that involves the tonsil.


name: Squamous cell carcinoma of piriform sinus

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the pyriform sinus.  Patients usually present with advanced stage disease and the prognosis is poor.


Stage IVB Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Supraglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Glottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Subglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma stage IV

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IVB (Any T, N3, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension and/or involvement of cranial nerves, hypopharynx, orbit, or with extension to the infratemporal fossa/masticator space.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  N2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes. N3: Nasopharyngeal cancer with metastasis in a lymph node (s) more than 6 cm in greatest dimension and/or to supraclavicular fossa.  Supraclavicular zone or fossa is relevant to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is the triangular region originally described by Ho.  It is defined by three points: (1) the superior margin of the sternal end of the clavicle, (2) the superior margin of the lateral end of the clavicle, (3) the point where the neck meets the shoulder.  This would include caudal portions of levels IV and VB.  All cases with lymph nodes (whole or part) in the fossa are considered N3b.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Parathyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of parathyroid gland carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stage III

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


carcinoma of pharynx

description: A carcinoma that involves the pharynx.


name: thyroid gland oncocytic follicular carcinoma

description: A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei with prominent, eosinophilic nucleoli. The nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland are absent.


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Oncocytic Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland oncocytic carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: Under 45 years: Any T, Any N, M0.  45 years and older: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


subglottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the subglottic area.


name: Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma stage III

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0). T1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor confined to the nasopharynx, or tumor extending to oropharynx and/or nasal cavity without parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor. T2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor.  T3: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor involving bony structures of skull base and/or paranasal sinuses.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  N2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma, Encapsulated Angioinvasive

description: An encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland which shows angioinvasion.


name: Stage I Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: (Supraglottis) Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. (Glottis) Tumor limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility.  (Subglottis) Tumor limited to the subglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


carcinoma in situ of oropharynx

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the oropharynx.


name: Stage I Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


name: Metastatic Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A papillary carcinoma that arises from the thyroid gland and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IVB Pharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage IVB carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Unresectable Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Under 55 Years AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the nasopharynx. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx after a period of remission.


Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the soft palate.  It usually presents as an ulcerated or fungating mass.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the oropharynx.


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Oropharyngeal Basaloid Carcinoma

description: A high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the oropharynx. It is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant amount of cytoplasm forming lobules with peripheral palisading.


name: Stage III Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1a, M0); (T2, N1a, M0); (T3, N1a, M0). T3: Tumor greater than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


thyroid gland follicular carcinoma

description: A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The nuclear features which characterize the thyroid gland papillary carcinoma are absent. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it comprises approximately 10% to 15% of thyroid cancers. Clinically, it usually presents as a solitary mass in the thyroid gland. It is generally unifocal and thickly encapsulated and shows invasion of the capsule or the vessels. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


subglottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the subglottic area of the larynx.


name: Stage I Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


hypopharyngeal carcinoma

description: Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the hypopharynx.


name: Stage IVA Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing only limited evidence of follicular cell differentiation. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma cells are arranged in insular, solid, and trabecular patterns. There is associated necrosis, and vascular invasion. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage, complete or partial surgical removal of the tumor, and the degree of response to radioactive iodine therapy (adapted from WHO Tumors of Endocrine Organs, IARC Press, Lyon 2004)


Stage IV Laryngeal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the larynx and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Oropharyngeal Human Papillomavirus-Independent Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: An oropharyngeal human papillomavirus-independent squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratinization and intercellular bridges.


Stage IV Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage IV carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Oropharyngeal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the oropharynx.


name: Locally Advanced Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Very advanced disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: A thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


description: The reemergence of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


larynx verrucous carcinoma

description: A well differentaited, non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the larynx. It is an exophytic, warty, and slow growing tumor affecting predominantly older men. It is associated with tobacco smoking. Symptoms include hoarseness, airway obstruction, weight loss, dysphagia, and throat pain. If left untreated, it may cause extensive local destruction.


name: Sporadic Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: A non-hereditary medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland not associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia.  The majority of thyroid gland medullary carcinomas are sporadic.


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Hobnail Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A rare variant of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma in which more than 30% of cells have hobnail features. (WHO)


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland papillary carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Advanced Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage III Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to the subglottis.  T2: Supraglottis: Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx.  Glottis: Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. T3: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades any of the following: postcricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage.  Glottis: Tumor limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invasion of paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Childhood Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: A nasopharyngeal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx after a period of remission.


Stage III Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0).  T3: Tumor involves bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses. N2: Bilateral metastasis in lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Macrofollicular Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance or the exclusive presence of macrofollicles.  Some of the malignant follicular cells display the nuclear features that characterize the papillary adenocarcinomas of the thyroid gland.


name: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma

description: A papillary carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland from multiple foci.


glottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the glottis.


name: Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasopharynx and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


name: Locally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Resectable Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage III carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Stage III Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: 55 years and older: T4a, Any N, M0. T4a: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of thyroid gland medullary carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid gland carcinomas are staged according to the classification for thyroid-differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Advanced Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Clinical Stage II HPV-Mediated (p16-Positive) Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0) ;(T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0). T0: No primary identified. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or more ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm. N2: Tumor with contralateral or bilateral lymph nodes metastasis, none larger than 6 cm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage II carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma, Osteoclastic Variant

description: An extremely rare morphologic variant of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large numbers of non-neoplastic, osteoclast-like giant cells.


name: Stage IV Oropharyngeal (p16-Negative) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible. Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of the larynx. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. T4b: Very advanced local disease. Tumor invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, or skull base or encases carotid artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE (-). N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node larger than 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph nodes any with ENE(+). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Under 55 Years AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: Any T, Any N, M0. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Unresectable Hereditary Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Hereditary thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes). N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Presyncope

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Presyncope is a state of lightheadedness, muscular weakness, blurred vision, and feeling faint. Presyncope is most often cardiovascular in cause.


central nervous system fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the soft tissue and bone.


liver fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Unresectable Myxofibrosarcoma

description: A myxofibrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Sinonasal Fibrosarcoma

description: A fibrosarcoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


small intestinal fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


kidney fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


breast fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Metastatic Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Epithelioid myxofibrosarcoma

description: A rare subtype of myxofibrosarcoma composed predominantly of malignant epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.


fibrosarcoma of ovary

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the ovary.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma

description: A low grade, locally aggressive, fibroblastic neoplasm that occurs primarily in the distal extremities.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multivacuolated lipoblast-like cells, bizarre ganglion-like cells with inclusion-like nuclei, myxoid stroma formation, and a mixture of acute and chronic inflammatory cells.  Distant metastases are very rare.


heart fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the heart. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


myxofibrosarcoma

description: A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells, cellular pleomorphism, thin-walled blood vessels, fibrous septa, and myxoid stroma.


Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma

description: A low-grade sarcoma that arises from the heart. It is composed of spindle or rounded cells in a myxoid stroma. The most common location is the left atrium.


name: Tongue Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the tongue.


Locally Advanced Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Gingival Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the gingiva.


Myxofibrosarcoma of skin

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that arises from the dermis.


name: Oral Cavity Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the oral cavity.


Advanced Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

description: The persistence of substantial fetal hemoglobin production into adulthood, usually associated with hemoglobinopathies due to mutations in the alpha and/or beta chain of hemoglobin.


name: respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants

description: Infant acute respiratory distress syndrome is a lung disorder that affects premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs. The symptoms usually appear shortly after birth and may include tachypnea, tachycardia, chest wall retractions (recession), expiratory grunting, nasal flaring and cyanosis during breathing efforts.


lung disorder

description: A disease involving the lung.


familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

description: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a generally asymptomatic genetic disorder of phosphocalcic metabolism characterized by lifelong moderate hypercalcemia along with normo- or hypocalciuria and elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration.


name: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 2


name: primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

description: A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is localized to the lungs at the time of presentation. Signs and symptoms include cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis.


name: pneumonia caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

description: A rare pulmonary disease characterized by primary or nonbacteremic pneumonia most frequently arising in an intensive care setting, or bacteremic pneumonia, which is typically associated with neutropenia. Chronic lower respiratory tract infection with development of episodes of pneumonia is common in patients with cystic fibrosis. Acute infections are potentially life-threatening. Patients present with fever, chills, dyspnea, cyanosis, productive cough, as well as signs of severe systemic toxicity. Alveolar hemorrhage, necrosis, and, eventually, cavity formation, are commonly seen.


non-specific interstitial pneumonia

description: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitial lung tissue. It includes cases that cannot be classified into one of the other types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.


name: primary interstitial lung disease specific to childhood


lung sclerosing hemangioma

description: A benign tumor that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of sclerotic, papillary, solid, and hemorrhagic patterns and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes. Cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin deposition, chronic inflammation, and calcifications may be present. In the majority of cases, it is a solitary and peripheral tumor. Patients are usually asymptomatic.


lung papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially. It is classified as squamous cell, glandular, or mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.


silicotuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with silicosis (that is caused by inhalation of silica dust particles). The risk of a patient with silicosis developing pulmonary tuberculosis and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than in healthy population.


cork-handlers' disease

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by inhalation of cork dust containing the antigens produced by the fungus Penicillium glabrum. The symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing cough, fever and asthenia.


non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells. It includes the clear cell and papillary variants of squamous cell carcinoma.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 8


lung large cell carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma composed of large polygonal cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation. There is a male predilection.


mushroom workers' lung

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis involving inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to the inhalation of organic dust particles derived from either the mushrooms, their spores or the compost in which the mushrooms are grown. It is usually caused by the spores of thermophilic actinomycetes.


acute interstitial pneumonia

description: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), also referred to as Hamman-Rich syndrome, is a rapidly progressive and histologically distinct form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.


ichthyosis prematurity syndrome

description: Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome is a rare, syndromic congenital ichthyosis characterized by premature birth (at gestational weeks 30-32, in general) in addition to thick, caseous and desquamating epidermis, neonatal respiratory asphyxia, and persistent eosinophilia. After the perinatal period, a spontaneous improvement in the health of affected patients is observed and skin features (vernix caseosa-like scale) evolve into a mild presentation of flat follicular hyperkeratosis with atopy.


name: mixed mucinous and nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bronchiolo-alveolar lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of both mucin and non-mucin producing cells.


pneumonic plague

description: A plague in which the bacteria have infected the lungs.


clear cell-sugar-tumor of the lung

description: A rare benign lung tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation. It is composed of round or oval cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are discovered incidentally. Excision is curative.


pleuropulmonary blastoma type 2

description: A pleuropulmonary blastoma composed of malignant small cells and characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous component. It usually follows an aggressive clinical course.


description: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with pulmonary fibrosis as a complication includes two types (HPS-1 and HPS-4) of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a multi-system disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and, in some cases, pulmonary fibrosis or granulomatous colitis.


acute bronchiolitis

description: Acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.


name: autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

description: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of a lipoproteinaceous substance in the distal air spaces which positively stains with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS).


name: respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

description: Bronciolitis caused by infection with respiratory syncytial virus.


pleuropneumonia

description: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura.


name: large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype

description: A rare poorly differentiated morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.


name: Langerhans cell histiocytosis specific to adulthood

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs during adulthood.


toxic bronchiolitis

description: Bronchiolitis as a response to a toxic exposure.


bacterial pneumonia

description: Acute infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila). Signs and symptoms include productive cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain.


staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

description: An pneumonia caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus.


pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis

description: Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is a rare non-lethal pediatric form of interstitial lung disease (ILD).


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 7


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 2


name: acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia

description: A rare pulmonary disease with histological pattern of interstitial pneumonitis characterized by the deposit of intra-alveolar fibrin and diffuse organizing pneumonia within the alveolar ducts and bronchioles, with large etiological spectra.


diffuse panbronchiolitis

description: Diffuse panbronchiolitis is a rare chronic inflammatory obstructive pulmonary disease primarily affecting the respiratory bronchioles throughout both lungs and inducing sinobronchial infection. Onset occurs in the second to fifth decade of life and manifests by chronic cough, exertional dyspnea, and sputum production. Most patients also have chronic paranasal sinusitis


combined small cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of small cell lung carcinoma in combination with a non-small cell carcinoma.


endobronchial leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising endobronchially. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


lung leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


description: A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by cells with cuboidal or columnar morphology with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and shows Clara cell or type 2 pneumocyte differentiation.


Legionnaires' disease

description: A pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella species, which is characterized by fever, cough, progressive respiratory distress, and which is often accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations.


dystrophic pulmonary ossification

description: A rare lung disorder characterized by ectopic bone formation within lung parenchyma. DPO can be idiopathic or associated with a variety of cardiovascular, respiratory diseases or other disorders. There are mainly two forms of DPO: nodular and dendriform.


pneumonia caused by chlamydia

description: An pneumonia caused by infection with Chlamydia.


name: epithelial predominant pulmonary blastoma

description: A non-encapsulated, well defined pulmonary blastoma, composed of irregular tubular structures. It affects mostly middle-aged adults and it is rare in children. The prognosis is better compared to the biphasic pulmonary blastoma.


acinar lung adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of acinar structures composed of columnar or cuboidal cells. (NCI05)


baritosis

description: A rare type of pneumoconiosis caused by long standing exposure to barium dust. It is characterized by the formation of fine dense lesions in the lung parenchyma. The lesions do not affect the lung function and disappear without treatment after the exposure to barium dust stops.


respiratory paralysis

description: Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with motor neuron diseases; peripheral nerve diseases; neuromuscular junction diseases; spinal cord diseases; injury to the phrenic nerve; and other disorders.


lung hilum neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of the lung.


invasive aspergillosis

description: An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage.


aspiration pneumonia

description: A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper respiratory tract.


fibroma of lung

description: A fibroma that involves the lung.


toxic bronchiolitis obliterans

description: Toxic bronchiolitis whereby a biospy has shown an obliteration of broncioles.


lung hilum carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising from the hilum of the lung.


alveoli adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed lung neoplasm morphologically characterized by the presence of cystic spaces resembling alveoli, lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. The cystic spaces are surrounded by a spindle cell stroma which may show myxoid changes. It is a solitary, usually peripheral lung lesion. Patients are usually asymptomatic and its discovery is an incidental finding during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


contagious pleuropneumonia

description: A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of mycoplasma.


chronic pneumonitis of infancy

description: Chronic pneumonitis of infancy is a rare pediatric form of interstitial lung disease (ILD).


idiopathic bronchiectasis

description: Idiopathic bronchiectasis (IB) is a progressive lung disease characterized by chronic dilation of the bronchi and destruction of the bronchial walls in the absence of any underlying cause (such as post infectious disease, aspiration, immunodeficiency, congenital abnormalities and ciliary anomalies).


basaloid large cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a solid nodular or anastomotic trabecular growth pattern, peripheral palisading, and comedo type necrosis.


pulmonary embolism and infarction

description: Localized necrosis of lung tissue caused by obstruction of the arterial blood supply, most often due to pulmonary embolism.


asbestosis

description: A lung disorder caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. It results in fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Signs and symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath and chest pain.


bronchus adenoma

description: A benign lung neoplasm characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular stroma lined by cuboidal to columnar cells. Patients are usually asymptomatic and it is incidentally discovered as a pulmonary nodule during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4

description: Any Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HPS4 gene.


pleuropulmonary blastoma type 3

description: A pleuropulmonary blastoma characterized by a solid pattern and sarcomatous features. It usually follows an aggressive clinical course.


classic pulmonary blastoma

description: A pulmonary blastoma composed of a mixture of irregular tubular structures and mesenchymal elements.


pneumoconiosis due to talc

description: Pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to talc. It is characterized by fibrosis and granulomatous changes in the lung parenchyma. Chest x-rays reveal diffuse lung opacities and pleural abnormalities.


streptococcal pneumonia

description: A febrile disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae.


malignant superior sulcus neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm originating from the apical lung. Most malignant superior sulcus neoplasms are bronchogenic carcinomas. This tumor may be associated with Pancoast syndrome. It is also known as Pancoast tumor.


aspiration pneumonitis

description: Inflammation of the lungs due to the inhalation of solid or liquid material.


name: pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that involves the lung(s).


name: congenital emphysematous lung disease due to Filamin A loss-of-function variant

description: Any interstitial lung disease specific to childhood caused by a loss-of-function variation in the FLNA gene. Female children are reported more often. Rare male patients with loss-of-function FLNA mutation-associated lung disease with residual protein function can survive into infancy with a severe form of the phenotype.


pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant non-keratinizing squamoid cells, mucin-producing cells and intermediate type cells.


asbestos-related lung carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising in the lung due to exposure to asbestos.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 4

description: Any pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PARN gene.


diffuse pulmonary fibrosis

description: Diffuse replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue.


name: adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

description: Adult pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare histiocytic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of Langerhans and other inflammatory cells in the small airways, resulting in the formation of nodular inflammatory lesions.


hamartoma of lung

description: A hamartoma (disease) that involves the lung.


pulmonary hemosiderosis

description: A respiratory disease due to repeated episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage without any underlying apparent cause, most often in children. Anemia, cough, and pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs are found in majority of the patients.


name: lung mixed small cell and squamous cell carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma characterized by a combination of small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.


kaolin pneumoconiosis

description: Pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of kaolin dust.


name: respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease syndrome

description: Respiratory bronchiolitis - interstitial lung disease is a mild inflammatory pulmonary disorder developed by cigarette smokers and characterized by shortness of breath and cough, pulmonary function abnormalities of mixed restrictive and obstructive lung disease and high resolution CT scanning showing centrilobular micronodules, ground glass opacities and peribronchiolar thickening.


name: pulmonary fibrosis-hepatic hyperplasia-bone marrow hypoplasia syndrome

description: Pulmonary fibrosis - hepatic hyperplasia - bone marrow hypoplasia, also named Btrimorphic syndromeB (i.e. three (inherited) morbidities, pulmonary, hepatic and cytopenia), is a rare disease reported in 4 cases to date, manifesting with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia leading to portal hypertension and thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow hypoplasia. The condition was associated with 100% mortality.


name: persistent tachypnoe of infancy, aberrant

description: Persistent tachypnoe of infancy that presents with additional minor abnormalities upon scanning, including ground-glass opacities in other locations, focal consolidations, parenchymal cysts or bronchial wall thickening (N=80; 37%).


name: bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride 2

description: Any bronchiectasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SCNN1A gene.


vanishing lung syndrome

description: A rare form of irreversible damage to the pulmonary parenchyma often due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including worsening dyspnea, cough, declining pulmonary function, and occasionally spontaneous pneumothorax due to ruptured bullae.


acute respiratory failure

description: Life-threatening respiratory failure that develops rapidly. Causes include injury, sepsis, drug overdose, and pancreatitis. It manifests with dyspnea and cyanosis and may lead to cardiovascular shock.


bronchogenic carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising from the bronchial epithelium.


farmer's lung disease

description: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the repeated exposure and inhalation of biological dust (such as hay dust, mold spores, or other agricultural products). It is considered a type II hypersensitivity inflammatory reaction. In the acute phase, signs and symptoms include fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, headache, and chest tightness. The subacute phase manifests as chronic cough, dyspnea, anorexia, and weight loss. The chronic phase results from the prolonged exposure to the antigen and is characterized by severe dyspnea and irreversible damage to the lungs.


name: adult acute respiratory distress syndrome

description: A very severe form of acute pulmonary failure secondary to capillary permeability impairment. The symptoms include dyspnea, hypotension and multivisceral failure. The disease is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia due to increased alveolar-capillary permeability. The severity depends on the degree of alveolar epithelial injury, with a mortality rate of 30-50%.


cellular interstitial pneumonitis

description: An interstitial lung disease specific to infancy that is characterized by tachypnea at birth and persistent disease, diffuse interstitial thickening due to pale oval and spindle-shaped histiocytes without scarring.


lung PEComa

description: A lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


name: hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

description: Congenital pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a very rare primary interstitial lung disease due to pulmonary surfactant accumulation within the alveolar macrophages and alveoli, characterized by a variable clinical course ranging from an asymptomatic clinical presentation and spontaneous remission, to symptoms such as dyspnea and cough, or to severe respiratory failure.


rheumatoid lung disease

description: Rheumatoid lung disease is a group of lung problems related to rheumatoid arthritis.


adiaspiromycosis

description: Adiaspiromycosis is a rare fungal infection in the lung and is caused by inhalation of spores of the saprophytic soil fungus Chrysosporium parvum var crescens (previously known as Emmonsia crescens).


Niemann-Pick disease type B

description: Niemann-Pick disease type B is a mild subtype of Niemann-Pick disease, an autosomal recessive lysosomal disease, and is characterized clinically by onset in childhood with hepatosplenomegaly, growth retardation, and lung disorders such as infections and dyspnea


hyperlucent lung

description: A lung with reduced markings on its chest radiograph and increased areas of transradiancy (hyperlucency). A hyperlucent lung is usually associated with pulmonary emphysema or pneumothorax.


occult small cell lung carcinoma

description: A small cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 1

description: Any pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TERT gene.


anthracosis

description: A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners.


lung colloid adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of mucin pools containing islands of well differentiated adenocarcinoma cells.


lung occult squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


persistent tachypnoe of infancy

description: A interstial lung disease characterized by the presence of persistent or intermittent tachypnea (usually noticed in neonatal period or after an acute infection for the first time in first months of life), crackles in 86 %, retractions in 82%, failure to thrive in 66%, chest wall abnormalities in 22% and hypoxemia or desaturation in 88%.


chronic beryllium disease

description: Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous, interstitial lung disease that occurs in individuals who develop beryllium sensitization (BeS), a cell-mediated immune response to environmental and occupational beryllium exposure. BeS precedes the lung disease that may present with chronic dry cough, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, and increasing dyspnea.


Mac-Leod-Swyer-James-Syndrome

description: A rare lung condition characterized by often predominantly unilateral lung hyperlucency and air trapping. The condition is a post-infectious form of bronchiolitis obliterans and typically follows a viral respiratory infection in infancy and childhood. Adenovirus infection is considered the most usual epidemiology. In SJS, the involved lung or portion of the lung does not grow normally and is slightly smaller than the opposite lung: in particular, peripheral branches of the pulmonary vessels do not develop, and vasculature is arreseted at the stage at which the infection occurred. Patients respond well to management with bronchodilators, even though this is not primarily a bronchial abnormality.


graphite pneumoconiosis

description: A disorder associated with chronic exposure to inhaled dust from crystallized carbon.


name: neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy

description: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NCHI) is a non-lethal pediatric form of interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by tachypnea without respiratory failure.


name: pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

description: Acute respiratory distress syndromet that occurs in pediatric patients and includes findings of new infiltrates (unilateral or bilateral) consistent with acute parenchymal disease, edema not fully explained by fluid overload or cardiac failure, and may present as new acute lung disease in setting of chronic lung disease and/or heart disease, and perinatal lung disease is excluded.


secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis

description: Secondary pulmonary hemosiderosis is a respiratory disease due to the deposition of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs as a result of repeated alveolar hemorrhage secondary to another disease, especially dysimmunitary disorders (i.e. Heiner syndrome, autoimmune diseases), thrombotic disorders and cardiovascular disorders such as mitral stenosis. It manifests as a triad of hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest radiography


pulmonary venoocclusive disease 2

description: A rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by a capillary infiltration of the pulmonary interstitium, bronchioles and pleura leading to elevated pulmonary arterial resistance and right heart failure. PCH is potentially fatal.


name: interstitial lung disease specific to adulthood


recurrent pneumonia

description: Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see mycobacterium avium complex;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae.


malt worker's lung

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by infection with Aspergillus.


name: surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 4


radiation pneumonitis

description: Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.


lung lymphoma

description: A rare non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in and is confined to the lung at the time of diagnosis.


lung inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

description: An intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


rickettsial pneumonia

description: Pneumonia caused by infection with bacteria of the family rickettsiaceae.


lung non-Hodgkin lymphoma

description: A rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in and is confined to the lung at the time of diagnosis. Representative examples include bronchial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.


description: A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by a tumor cells containing abundant mucin in their cytoplasm and composed of tall columnar cells growing along alveolar walls without stromal invasion.


eosinophilic pneumonia

description: An inflammatory lung disorder characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in the lungs. The majority of cases are idiopathic, without identifiable cause. In a minority of cases, medications, fungal infections, and environmental triggers have been implicated. It manifests as acute or chronic. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a severe and rapidly progressing pneumonia that may lead to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia follows a slower course and manifests as fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss.


lymphoepithelioma-like lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a syncytial growth pattern, large vesicular nuclei with esophnophilic nucleoi, and dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration.


name: pneumonia caused by gram negative bacteria


persistent tachypnoe of infancy, usual

description: Persistent tachypnoe of infancy that presents with with no other airway or parenchymal abnormalities upon scanning (N=80; 63%).


lung occult large cell carcinoma

description: A large cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


name: bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride 1


minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma

description: A solitary adenocarcinoma arising from the lung measuring 3 cm or less. It is characterized by a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. It is usually a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, but rarely may be mucinous.


lung adenocarcinoma in situ

description: A localized non-invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung measuring 3 cm or less. It is characterized by a pure lepidic growth pattern and the lack of stromal, vascular, or pleural invasion.


occupational asthma

description: Asthma attacks caused, triggered, or exacerbated by OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE.


lung neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm involving the lungs. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenoma, papilloma, chondroma, and endobronchial lipoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma.


name: large cell lung carcinoma, clear cell variant

description: A morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by a predominance of clear cells that may or may not contain glycogen.


mixed mineral dust pneumoconiosis

description: Pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of mixed mineral dust particles.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 6


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related, 5


house allergic alveolitis

description: House allergic alveolitis is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis resulting from the inhalation of an antigen to which an individual has been previously sensitized in his/her domestic environment. House allergic alveolitis encompasses summer hypersensitivity pneumonitis, humidifier-induced lung diseases, hot tub lung and legionellosis.


name: surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 1

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the SFTPB gene, encoding pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B. It is characterized by severe respiratory distress-like illness and responds poorly to exogenous administration of surfactant.


congenital chylothorax

description: Congenital chylothorax is a rare, potentially life-threatening neonatal condition characterized by the accumulation of chyle within the pleural space leading to respiratory distress, malnutrition and immunological compromise, either immediately after birth or within the first few weeks of life. Congenital chylothorax is the most common cause of pleural effusion in neonates; it can occur primarily due to developmental anomalies of the lymphatic duct or can be associated with chromosomal anomalies (e.g. Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome and Down syndrome), hydrops fetalis, mediastinal neuroblastoma and other congenital malformations.


adenosquamous lung carcinoma

description: An aggressive carcinoma with a poor prognosis characterized by a presence of both malignant squamous cells and glandular cells.


pulmonary aspergilloma

description: A aspergillosis that involves the lung.


name: lung combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A subtype of large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of large neuroendocrine cells in combination with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma and/ or spindle cell carcinoma.


toxic pneumonitis

description: A pneumonia that is an acute inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gasses and vapors. It is a sentinel health event (occupational) associated with exposure to ammonia (refrigeration, fertilizer, and oil refining industries), chlorine (alkali and bleach industries), nitrogen oxides (silo fillers, arc welders, and nitric acid industry), sulfur dioxide (paper, refrigeration, and oil refining industries), cadmium (processors and cadmium smelters), trimellitic anhydride (plastics and organic chemical synthesis), and vanadium pentoxide (boilermakers). The two types of pulmonary agents are central and peripheral. Central pulmonary agents, for example, ammonia, are water soluble irritants that injure the upper airways. Peripheral pulmonary agents, for example, phosgene, NOx, and PFIB, are slightly water soluble irritants that injure the alveolar-capillary membranes. Chlorine has both central and peripheral effects.


bird fancier's lung

description: Hypersensitivity granulomatous pneumonitis caused by the inhalation of avian antigens that are present in the dust of the droppings and feathers of many species of birds. In the acute phase it manifests as fever, chills, dyspnea, cough, and chest tightness. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.


name: secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

description: A form of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that arises in association with hematological disorders, medications, certain infections, acute silicosis, and immunodeficiency.


byssinosis

description: An occupational lung disorder caused by exposure to cotton dust. It occurs more commonly in workers in the textile industry. Signs and symptoms include chest tightness, cough and wheezing. The symptoms tend to get worse at the beginning of the week and subside by the end of the week.


acute chest syndrome

description: A vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. It is characterized by the presence of a new radiodensity on a chest radiograph accompanied by fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia.


silo filler disease

description: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis caused by hypersensitivity to high level of inhaled nitrogen oxides, decomposition products of silage.


lung signet ring cell carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells.


fungal lung infectious disease

description: Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.


familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 3

description: Any familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the AP2S1 gene.


localized pulmonary fibrosis

description: Replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue in a specific area of the lung.


pleuropulmonary blastoma

description: A malignant neoplasm affecting the lungs and/or the pleura. Pleuropulmonary blastoma is seen in children. Microscopically, the tumor may show features of chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma. In approximately 25% of patients with pleuropulmonary blastoma, there are other lesions or neoplasms that may affect patients or their families, including lung or kidney cysts, and ovarian or testicular neoplasms. Heterozygous germline mutations in DICER1 gene have been identified in families harboring pleuropulmonary blastomas.


meconium aspiration syndrome

description: A serious condition in which a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium (the first intestinal discharge) and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5-10 percent of births and typically occurs when the infant is stressed, as when the infant is past its due date.


lung benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the lung parenchyma or the bronchi. Representative examples include lung adenoma, lung hamartoma, and endobronchial lipoma.


name: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications


ventilation pneumonitis

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by inhalation of antigens from thermophilic actinomycetes species growing in air conditioners and humidifiers. Fungi like Aureobasidium sp and Candida albicans that survive in the contaminated water in humidifiers and air conditioners are also known to cause the disease.


lung mucous gland adenoma

description: A benign adenomatous neoplasm that arises from the mucous glands in the bronchus.


slate pneumoconiosis

description: Pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to slate dust.


pneumocystosis

description: Human pneumocystosis is caused by an infectious agent, which (after recent nomenclature and taxonomy revisions) is now classed as the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci. The prevalence is unknown. Pneumocystis jiroveci is an opportunistic infectious agent, developing in immunosuppressed patients. It is an air-borne infection, localized to the lungs. However, extrapulmonary involvement is seen in AIDS patients. The disease manifests progressively with coughing, respiratory problems (dyspnea) and fever, followed by acute respiratory insufficiency and death within a few weeks in untreated cases. The most reliable diagnostic method is bronchoalveolar lavage. The treatment of choice is cotrimoxazole.


hypersensitivity pneumonitis, familial

description: An instance of hypersensitivity pneumonitis that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


pulmonary sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis affecting the lung parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas in the lung tissues. It is manifested with dyspnea, cough, fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss.


bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

description: A lung disorder that is mainly associated with chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation and that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of bronchiolar walls that reduce the diameter of the bronchioles and result in progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction.


lymphoid interstitial pneumonia

description: Interstitial pneumonia characterized by the presence of bibasilar pulmonary interstitial infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells. It may be associated with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea. Symptomatic patients may require immunosuppressive treatment.


name: hemosiderosis, pulmonary, with deficiency of gamma-a globulin


bagassosis

description: An occupational lung disorder caused by inhalation of bagasse dust. In the acute phase, it manifests as cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, and weakness. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.


high altitude pulmonary edema

description: A rare pulmonary condition characterized by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurring in otherwise healthy individuals within days of an ascent above 2500-3000 m. Early symptoms include exertional dyspnea, non-productive cough, chest tightness, and reduced exercise performance, followed by dyspnea at rest and possibly orthopnea, as well as gurgling in the chest and pink frothy sputum in advanced cases. Clinical signs are cyanosis, tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles or wheezing, and elevated body temperature (generally not exceeding 38.5°C). Signs of concomitant high-altitude cerebral edema may also be observed. Chest x-rays typically show patchy opacities predominantly in the right middle lobe.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 9


Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1

description: Any Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HPS1 gene.


lung carcinoid tumor

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of uniform polygonal cells with small or moderate amount of cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cells are usually arranged in organoid and trabecular patterns. It is classified as typical or atypical carcinoid tumor based on the number of mitotic figures and the absence or presence of necrosis. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a worse prognosis.


name: lung combined type small cell adenocarcinoma

description: A lung combined type small cell carcinoma that has material basis in epithelial tissue of glandular origin.


name: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 1


maple bark strippers' lung

description: A hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with the inhalation of fungal spores of Cryptostroma corticale in workers stripping the bark from maple and sycamore logs affected by sooty bark disease.


pulmonary coin lesion

description: A single lung lesion that is characterized by a small round mass of tissue, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, and can be detected by chest radiography. A solitary pulmonary nodule can be associated with neoplasm, tuberculosis, cyst, or other anomalies in the lung, the chest wall, or the pleura.


cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

description: Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized pathologically by organizing pneumonia (OP) that presents with non-specific flu-like symptoms, as well as cough and dyspnea and where no etiological agent is found.


pulmonary sulcus neoplasm

description: A neoplasm originating from the apical lung. Most superior sulcus neoplasms are bronchogenic carcinomas. This tumor may be associated with Pancoast syndrome. It is also known as Pancoast tumor.


name: surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 2


bronchus mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that involves the bronchus.


acute lung injury

description: A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary edema) rich in neutrophils, and in the absence of clinical heart failure. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).


name: interstitial lung disease specific to infancy


hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

description: An infection caused by Hantaviruses. It manifests with flu-like symptoms but it rapidly progresses to life-threatening respiratory problems.


lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis

description: Lymphangiomyomatosis involving the lungs and local lymph nodes. Patients usually present with chylous pleural effusion. The clinical course is variable. Patients with resectable lesions usually have a favorable clinical outcome. Patients with diffuse lesions usually have a progressive clinical course.


name: well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung

description: Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) of the lung is a rare, primary, low-grade, bronchopulmonary neoplasm characterized by a well-circumscribed, usually large, pulmonary mass that is histologically composed of glycogen-rich neoplastic glands and tubules that resemble fetal lungs at 10 to 16 weeks of gestation and benign adjacent stroma. It typically presents with chest pain, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and/or generalized, non-specific symptoms, such as night sweats, lethargy, poor appetite and weight loss.


Heiner syndrome

description: Heiner syndrome, also called cow's milk hypersensitivity, is a food induced pulmonary hypersensiting syndrome that affects primarily infants and that is characterized by pulmonary hemosiderosis, digestive bleeding, anemia and poor growing, improving with elimination of cow's milk from the diet.


lung epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising within the bronchi or bronchial tubes. It is characterized by the presence of myoepithelial cells, spindle cells, clear cells, and duct-forming epithelial cells. Surgical resection may be curative.


hemangioma of lung

description: A hemangioma that involves the lung.


interstitial emphysema

description: Pathologic accumulation of air in the interstitium of the lungs, which is caused by the rupture of alveoli and terminal bronchioles, and is most often seen in premature infants that need mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome.


lung occult adenocarcinoma

description: A lung adenocarcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


isolated pulmonary capillaritis

description: Isolated pauciimmune pulmonary capillaritis is a small vessel vasculitis restricted to the lungs that may induce diffuse alveolar hemorrhage with dyspnea, anemia, chest pain, hemoptysis, bilateral and diffuse alveolar infiltrates at chest X-rays, without any underlying systemic disease. ANCA are frequently positive but could be negative.


name: cytomegalovirus pneumonia due to NOS2 deficiency

description: Cytomegalovirus pneumonia due to variant in the NOS2 gene.


restrictive pulmonary disease

description: Decreased lung volume and inadequate ventilation due to parenchymal lung disorders (e.g., interstitial pulmonary fibrosis) or extrapulmonary disorders (e.g., scoliosis). Patients present with shortness of breath and cough.


staphylococcal pneumonia

description: Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus staphylococcus, usually with staphylococcus aureus.


name: surfactant metabolism dysfunction, pulmonary, 5

description: Any hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CSF2RB gene.


name: idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

description: A very rare, severe, interstitial lung disease of insidious onset with subacute or chronic non-specific respiratory manifestations (dyspnea, cough, wheezing) often associated with systemic manifestations (fatigue, malaise, weight loss).


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related


papillary lung adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

description: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the interalveolar septa and alveolar spaces and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Chest x-rays reveal peripheral infiltrates. Approximately half of the patients have history of asthma or atopic disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. Following treatment with corticosteroids, the eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs disappear, resulting in dramatic clinical improvement.


Klebsiella pneumonia

description: An pneumonia caused by infection with Klebsiella.


bronchiolitis

description: Inflammation of the bronchioles characterized by swelling of the bronchioles and mucus accumulation. It is usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus and affects children. Signs and symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.


Caplan syndrome

description: A combination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pneumoconiosis that manifests as intrapulmonary nodules, which appear homogenous and well-defined on chest X-ray.


pulmonary systemic sclerosis

description: Evidence of systemic sclerosis with lung involvement.


obstructive lung disease

description: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. airway obstruction may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.


lung leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the lung. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


pneumonitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the lung parenchyma. It is a milder form of lung inflammation compared to pneumonia.


name: drug or radiation exposure-related interstitial lung disease


idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia

description: Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (IAEP) is an eosinophilic pneumonia of undetermined etiology that is characterized by acute febrile hypoxic respiratory failure associated with diffuse radiographic infiltrates and pulmonary eosinophilia, but without concurring allergy or infection.


pulmonary blastoma

description: A malignant neoplasm of the lung composed of tubular structures and immature mesenchymal elements, which may differentiate towards skeletal and smooth muscle, cartilage or a combination of muscle and cartilage. This is a nodular tumor found in the periphery of the lung. It can occur at any age. The prognosis is related to the stage of the disease at the time of resection. Pulmonary blastoma is divided into two subtypes: epithelial predominant and biphasic.


familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 1

description: Any familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CASR gene.


viral pneumonia

description: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.


Lane Hamilton syndrome

description: A rare concurrent association of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and celiac disease, and is typically seen in children under the age of 15.


anthracosilicosis

description: Fibrosis of the lung parenchyma caused by inhalation of carbon and silica dust. It manifests as shortness of breath.


lung sarcomatoid carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive, poorly differentiated, non-small cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a sarcomatoid component often associated with giant cell differentiation. There is a male to female ratio of 4:1. Clinical symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, progressive dyspnea and fever secondary to recurrent pneumonia. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor.


name: chronic respiratory distress with surfactant metabolism deficiency


pleuropulmonary blastoma type 1

description: A pleuropulmonary blastoma composed of malignant small cells. Sarcomatous features are absent.


lung pleomorphic carcinoma

description: A pleomorphic carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular or squamous cells associated with malignant giant and spindle cells and that is located in the lung.


pulmonary venoocclusive disease

description: A disorder characterized by pulmonary venous constriction or occlusion, resulting in pulmonary hypertension.


lung giant cell carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of mononuclear and multinucleated pleomorphic neoplastic giant cells that lack cohesion.


congenital lobar emphysema

description: Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a respiratory abnormality characterized by respiratory distress due to hyperinflation of one or more affected lobes of the lung.


shrinking lung syndrome

description: A rare pulmonary complication of an underlying autoimmune disorder that is reported in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Reduced lung volumes result in restrictive ventilatory defect and a preserved carbon monoxide transfer coefficient.


lung adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A rare usually indolent lung carcinoma characterized by a cribiform and tubular pattern and the presence of glandular epithelial cells. Clinical symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, wheeze, hemopytsis and chest pain.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 3

description: Any pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RTEL1 gene.


hypersensitivity pneumonitis

description: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a pulmonary disease with symptoms of dyspnea and cough resulting from the inhalation of an antigen to which the subject has been previously sensitized.


name: solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production


sick building syndrome

description: A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (alveolitis, extrinsic allergic); allergic rhinitis (rhinitis, allergic, perennial); asthma; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)


name: interstitial lung disease specific to childhood

description: A interstitial lung disease that occurs during childhood.


name: combined pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema syndrome


bronchopneumonia

description: Acute inflammation of the walls of the terminal bronchioles that spreads into the peribronchial alveoli and alveolar ducts. It results in the creation of foci of consolidation, which are surrounded by normal parenchyma. It affects one or more lobes, and is frequently bilateral and basal. It is usually caused by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae). Signs and symptoms include fever, cough with production of brown-red sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain.


combined lung carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of large or small neuroendocrine carcinoma cells in combination with malignant glandular or squamous epithelial cells.


familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 2

description: A familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia that has material basis in heterozygous mutation in the GNA11 gene on chromosome 19p13.


name: interstitial lung disease due to SP-C deficiency


lung germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the lung.


middle lobe syndrome

description: Atelectasis of the right middle pulmonary lobe, with chronic pneumonitis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


anaerobic pneumonia

description: A pneumonia caused by anaerobic bacteria.


lung meningioma

description: A primary or metastatic meningioma that is present in the lung. The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis of meningiomas.


neonatal aspiration syndrome

description: Aspiration of meconium, blood, amniotic fluid or gastric contents around the time of delivery resulting in clinical symptoms from airway obstruction, parenchymal injury, and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. This may lead to persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn.


name: bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride 3

description: Any bronchiectasis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SCNN1G gene.


pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis

description: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a disorder in which tiny fragments (microliths) of calcium phosphate gradually accumulate in the small air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. These deposits eventually cause widespread damage to the alveoli and surrounding lung tissue (interstitial lung disease). People with this disorder may also develop a persistent cough and difficulty breathing (dyspnea), especially during physical exertion. Chest pain that worsens when coughing, sneezing, or taking deep breaths is another common feature. People with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasismay also develop calcium phosphate deposits in other organs and tissue of the body. Though the course of the disease can be variable,many casesslowly progress to lung fibrosis, respiratory failure, or cor pulmonale. The only effective therapy is lung transplantation. In some cases, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is caused by mutations in the SLC34A2 gene and inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.


name: severe early-onset pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to MARS deficiency


name: lung fibrosis-immunodeficiency-46,XX gonadal dysgenesis syndrome

description: Lung fibrosis-immunodeficiency-46,XX gonadal dysgenesis syndrome is characterized by immune deficiency, gonadal dysgenesis and fatal lung fibrosis. So far, it has been described in two sisters born to consanguineous parents. Both karyotypes were normal female (46,XX). No genetic anomalies could be identified by comparative genome hybridization analysis of their genomes or by analysis of genes known to be associated with these types of anomalies.


pulmonary plasma cell granuloma

description: A tumor-like inflammatory lesion of the lung that is composed of plasma cells and fibrous tissue. It is also known as an inflammatory pseudotumor, often with calcification and measuring between 2 and 5 cm in diameter.


lung hilum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the lung hilus.


lung sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the lung. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


lung carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a lung.


silicosis

description: Silicosis is a respiratory disease caused by breathing in (inhaling) silica dust. There are three types of silicosis: Simple chronic silicosis, the most common type of silicosis, results from long-term exposure (usually more than 20years) to low amounts of silica dust. Simple chronic silicosismay causepeople to have difficulty breathing. Accelerated silicosis occurs after 5 to 15 yearsof exposure of higher levels of silica.Swelling of the lungsand other symptoms occur faster in this type of silicosis than in the simple chronic form. Acute silicosis results from short-term exposure (weeks or months) of large amounts of silica.The lungs become very inflamed and can fill with fluid, causing severe shortness of breath and low blood oxygen levels. A cough, weight loss, and fatigue may also be present. Acute silicosis progresses rapidly and can be fatal within months. People who work in jobs where they are exposed to silica dust (mining, quarrying, construction, sand blasting, stone cutting) are at risk of developing this condition.


name: interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency

description: Interstitial lung disease due to ABCA3 deficiency is a rare genetic respiratory disease characterized by a variable clinical outcome ranging from a fatal respiratory distress syndrome in the neonatal period to chronic interstitial lung disease developing in infancy or childhood with chronic cough, rapid breathing, shortness of breath and recurrent pulmonary infections. Clinical manifestations of respiratory failure include grunting, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, cyanosis, and progressive dyspnea.


postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans

description: An irreversible obstructive lung disease characterized by subepithelial inflammation and fibrotic narrowing of the bronchioles after lower respiratory tract infection during childhood, especially early childhood. Although diagnosis of PIBO should be confirmed by histopathology, it is generally based on history and clinical findings. Irreversible airway obstruction is demonstrated by decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second with an absent bronchodilator response, and by mosaic perfusion, air trapping, and/or bronchiectasis on computed tomography images. However, lung function tests using spirometry are not feasible in young children, and most cases of PIBO develop during early childhood.


tuberculous fibrosis of lung

description: Scarring of the lung parenchyma caused by pulmonary tuberculosis.


bronchus carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a bronchus.