Leiomyosarcoma of Deep Soft Tissue

description: A rare leiomyosarcoma that arises from the deep soft tissue in the retroperitoneum or abdominal cavity.


name: Refractory Malignant Soft Tissue Neoplasm

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Malignant soft tissue neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor that is  resistant to treatment.


Digestive System Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A solitary fibrous tumor arising from an anatomic site in the digestive system, including the esophagus, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, small bowel mesentery, and the serosal surfaces of the stomach and colon.


Skin tumor of smooth muscle origin

description: A smooth muscle neoplasm occurring in the skin.


Pilar Leiomyoma

description: A cutaneous leiomyoma arising from the arrector pili muscle.


Refractory Paraganglioma

description: A paraganglioma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: A pheochromocytoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading one half or more of the myometrium. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Beta-Catenin-Activated Inflammatory Hepatocellular Adenoma

description: Hepatocellular adenoma with features of both beta-catenin-activated hepatocellular adenoma and inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma.


Acute esophagitis

description: An acute inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.


name: detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.


cellular response to nonylphenol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.


Refractory Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

description: A rhabdoid tumor of the kidney that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

description: The reemergence of a rhabdoid tumor of the kidney after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney

description: Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, benign

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is characterized by a maximum diameter equal or less than 5 cm (gastric localization), or equal or less than 2 cm (intestinal localization) and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


name: Benign Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the stomach.  It is characterized by a maximum diameter equal or less than 5 cm and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


name: Stage IA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 2 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 2 cm.  T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


Breast Myoid Hamartoma

description: A breast hamartoma characterized by the predominance of a smooth muscle component.


name: Colorectal Microvesicular Hyperplastic Polyp

description: A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of microvacuolated columnar cells that are admixed with small numbers of goblet cells.  There is no evidence of epithelial atypia or dysplasia.


Refractory Visual Pathway Glioma

description: Visual pathway glioma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage II Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or is greater than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial-Like Tumor of the Septum Pellucidum

description: A very rare, low-grade midline brain neoplasm that affects the septum pellucidum. It is characterized by similar histological features to those found in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, but does not display multinodularity. It usually manifests with symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure. Epilepsy has been reported in approximately one third of patients. PDGFRA gene mutations have been identified in the majority of patients. Alterations in FGFR1 and NF1 genes have also been reported. BRAF mutations which represent the most common molecular alteration found in cortical dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, were absent in this rare group of midline tumors.


Childhood Parathyroid Gland Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the parathyroid gland that occurs during childhood.


Parathyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma that contains mature adipocytes.


operant conditioning

description: Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


name: Stage IV Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Distant metastatic disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Thyroid Gland Cavernous Hemangioma

description: A rare cavernous hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Benign Thyroid Gland Vascular Neoplasm

description: A rare benign vascular neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. This category includes hemangiomas, cavernous hemangiomas, and lymphangiomas.


Thyroid Gland Hemangioma

description: A rare hemangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Thyroid Gland Lymphangioma

description: An extremely rare lymphangioma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, Any N, M0. T3b: extending to pelvic wall and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Peritoneal mesothelioma malignant recurrent

description: The reemergence of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Mesothelioma malignant recurrent

description: The reemergence of malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission


Thoracic Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the thoracic esophagus.


Fundic gland polyp

description: The most common gastric polyp in the Western hemisphere.  The lesion consists of a localized hyperplasia of the deep epithelial compartment of the oxyntic mucosa, with variable degrees of cystic dilatation.  Malignant transformation is the exception.  (WHO, 2000)


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage 0 Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: In situ primary tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

description: A term that refers to the clinical staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


name: Clinical Stage IV Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: T0-4, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. M1: Distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IIB Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage II Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: (T2-3, N0, M0); IIB: (T4, N0, M0). T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage III Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: T0-4, N1-3, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. T4: Primary tumor invades fascia, muscle, cartilage, or bone. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). N2: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) without lymph node metastasis. N3: In-transit metastasis (discontinuous from primary tumor; located between primary tumor and draining regional nodal basin, or distal to the primary tumor) with lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage I Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


name: Small Intestinal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Recurrent Rectal Cancer

description: The reemergence of rectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectal adenocarcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of rectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Suppression of adrenal gland

description: Inadequate production of cortisol due to negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is caused by exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids or endogenous hypercortisolism.


Stage IIIB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Cervical carcinoma with extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause). (FIGO 2018)


Leaflet Disruption Due To Calcification

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to the accumulation of calcium on the valve tissue. This most often results in stenosis of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve, often resutling in dysfunction of the valve.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Infection

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to infection affecting the valve tissue, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Leaflet Disruption Due To Unknown Cause

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve without an identifiable cause.


name: Leaflet Disruption Due To Host Tissue Overgrowth

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to an increase in tissue mass at the valve site, which can lead to valve dysfunction. This often happens as a result of fibrosis of tissue surrounding the suture line of a prosthetic valve.


name: Leaflet Disruption Due To Suture Abrasion

description: The disturbance of a cusp of a heart valve secondary to irritation by surgical sutures, which can result in valvular dysfunction.


Vulvar Fibroadenoma

description: A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the vulva and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


name: Fibroadenoma of Anogenital Mammary-Type Glands

description: A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the perineum and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


Anal Fibroadenoma

description: A benign epithelial-stromal neoplasm that arises from the anus and resembles the breast fibroadenoma.


name: Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve either the lower or both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


name: High Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities involve both the lower and the upper half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


name: Low Grade Esophageal Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A lesion in which the architectural and cytologic abnormalities are confined to the lower half of the esophageal squamous epithelium.


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Liver

description: Infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma.


name: Unresectable Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27M-Mutant

description: Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Diffuse Midline Glioma

description: Diffuse midline glioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IIIA Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High. T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


response to host iron concentration

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Hemangioendothelioma, benign

description: A benign vascular proliferation characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and the formation of vascular channels.


name: Stage IIIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a colorectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colorectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage I Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage IIIB Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 2 cm or less. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIB Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to rectal "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the rectum are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage IIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 2 cm with invasion of the lamina propria or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a colon neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to colon "carcinoid" tumors (neuroendocrine tumor G1 and G2, and rare-well differentiated G3). High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IIIB Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage I Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage IIIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage IIA Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Stage IIIA Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8


name: Head and Neck Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor

description: A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor that arises from the head and neck. It usually affects the paranasal sinuses. The head and neck region is the most frequently involved site for phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors, following the appendicular skeleton.


name: Appendicular Skeleton Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor

description: A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor that arises from the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is the most frequently involved site for phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.


name: Malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor

description: A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor characterized by the presence of nuclear atypia, high mitotic activity, increased cellularity, marked pleomorphism, and necrosis. It usually develops in lesions that have recurred locally and metastasizes to other sites.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to trachea

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the trachea from another anatomic site.


anoxia protection

description: Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


response to homocysteine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


cellular hypotonic response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


response to vitamin D

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


cellular response to amyloid-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


cellular response to fatty acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal processing and presentation of a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, some viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


name: modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


response to low humidity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


interstrand cross-link repair

description: Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.


name: cellular response to organic cyclic compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defenses

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of a host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to carbendazim

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


blue light signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm.


cellular response to proline

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


name: detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


chemosensory jump behavior

description: The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


response to ether

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.


name: cellular response to tumor necrosis factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.


cellular response to methotrexate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


cellular response to strigolactone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


cellular response to trichostatin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


behavioral response to ether

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.


cellular response to nutrient levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


cellular response to arachidonic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.


cellular response to nitrite

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


thermomorphogenesis

description: The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.


name: cellular response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

description: Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


response to progesterone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


response to diosgenin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


name: cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


cellular response to nitroglycerin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


name: cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of host restriction-modification system

description: A process by which a symbiont evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. This process occurs in phages to protein themselves from bacterial restriction enzyme systems. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restriction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


response to molybdenum starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.


name: DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription

description: A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.


eclosion rhythm

description: The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.


response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


cellular response to leptomycin B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


name: response to topologically incorrect protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


cellular response to lipoic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


cellular response to alkaloid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


system process

description: A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


turning behavior

description: Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.


response to N-phenylthiourea

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


response to heparin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.


name: cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


name: signal transduction in response to DNA damage

description: A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.


description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


response to iron ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


name: response to platelet-derived growth factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


response to linoleic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in a host organism by reducing the activity of host MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein). MAVS is a signal transducer that lies downstream of the viral RNA receptors MDA-5 and RIG-I to coordinate host innate immune responses.


DNA damage response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.


name: inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.


name: detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling

description: The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.


cellular response to vitamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


developmental process

description: A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


response to photooxidative stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


name: cellular response to growth hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


response to symbiont defenses

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to beta-carotene

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


name: recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

description: Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


far-red light signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


name: response to mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle checkpoint signaling.


response to interleukin-18

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


name: cellular response to indolebutyric acid stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.


cellular response to cAMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


response to catecholamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


cellular response to maltose stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.


response to monoamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


response to flavonoid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a flavonoid stimulus.


response to ketone

description: A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone.


cellular response to nitrate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


cellular response to tetracycline

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


cellular response to mercaptoethanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


name: replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange

description: The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.


detection of biotic stimulus

description: The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to dithiothreitol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.


behavioral defense response to nematode

description: A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


response to irinotecan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an irinotecan stimulus.


name: circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

description: The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


name: evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity

description: Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.


response to flooding

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


response to trichodermin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


cellular response to lead ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


name: response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


B cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.


viral DNA repair

description: The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

description: A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


cellular response to morphine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


response to stem cell factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


name: mitochondrial double-strand break repair

description: The repair of double-strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.


name: symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


name: cellular response to polyamine macromolecule

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


name: response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

description: The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


cellular response to D-galactosamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


single strand break repair

description: The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.


name: cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


stringent response

description: A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.


response to chitin

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


name: cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


smooth muscle hyperplasia

description: A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


name: response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


cellular response to cadmium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


response to gastrin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


name: cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to chemokine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

description: A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


response to organic cyclic compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


cellular response to peptidoglycan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


ER overload response

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


response to aluminum ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


cellular hyperosmotic response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


name: tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

description: Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


name: cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


response to arsenite ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


name: cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


cellular response to sterol depletion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


response to gold nanoparticle

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.


cellular response to Aroclor 1254

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.


response to jasmonic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


name: cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


name: response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


response to deep water

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.


detection of disaccharide stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


smooth muscle adaptation

description: Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


germinal center formation

description: The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


name: response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


name: effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to interferon-alpha

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


response to decane

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.


response to thyroxine

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


larval locomotory behavior

description: Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


cellular response to bacteriocin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


response to dietary excess

description: The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.


response to mannitol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


name: detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity

description: The series of events involved in the perception of gravity in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus

description: The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


detection of gravity

description: The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to pheromone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


name: cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


learned vocalization behavior

description: A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.


skeletal muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


entrainment of circadian clock

description: The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.


response to host

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to amylopectin

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.


heat acclimation

description: Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.


response to insect

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


name: cellular response to mechanical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


name: anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

description: The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


B cell mediated immunity

description: Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.


response to reversine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host induced systemic resistance

description: Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to interleukin-8

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


pigment accumulation in tissues

description: The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.


name: cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


DNA alkylation repair

description: The repair of alkylation damage in DNA, e.g. the removal of a non-physiological alkyl group from a nucleobase. This is usually mediated by DNA alkyltransferases.


response to papulacandin B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.


primary adaptive immune response

description: An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


response to capsazepine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.


name: entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod

description: The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


name: positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of the mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


response to cAMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


name: cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


thermosensory behavior

description: Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.


filamentous growth MAPK cascade

description: A MAPK cascade containing at least the Kss1 MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of Ste20, a MAP4K, which activates Ste11, a MAP3K, which in turn activate Ste7, a MAP2K, which activates Kss1. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The filamentous growth MAPK cascade is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and  results in filamentous growth.


name: response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


cellular response to bisphenol A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.


name: single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


response to UV-A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


name: cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


catabolite repression

description: A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.


cellular response to peptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


response to sodium phosphate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


kinesis

description: The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


instrumental aggressive behavior

description: Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


name: detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

description: The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


pyroptotic inflammatory response

description: A gasdermin-dependent inflammatory response that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18. Gasdermins are activated by caspase-1 or caspase-4/11, or by certain granzymes. In some, but not all cells, it can lead to pyroptotic programmed cell death.


response to anoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


cellular response to cortisol stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


detection of renal blood flow

description: The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


cellular response to UV-A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


response to absence of light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


long-day photoperiodism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


cellular response to polycyclic arene

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


mucosal immune response

description: An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


muscle hyperplasia

description: A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


cellular response to sulfur dioxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


cellular response to carbendazim

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


name: response to growth hormone-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.


name: cellular response to molecule of fungal origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


response to plumbagin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


visually-mediated background adaptation

description: Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells.


name: transducin-mediated opsin signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that starts with an opsin molecule being activated by a photon. Opsins include rhodopsin and others visual receptors bind heterotrimeric transducin G proteins upon activation. Activated transducin alpha-subunit activates cGMP phosphodiesterase, which breaks down cGMP. The decrease in cGMP concentration leads to closure of cGMP-gated (CNG) channels, blockage of Na+ influx, and hyperpolarization of photoreceptor plasma membrane, leading to transmission of signal through synapses. The signal is terminated by phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of rhodopsin by rhodopsin kinase to allow arrestin to bind and block G protein binding. Typical examples are rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the eyes of deuterostomes.


cellular response to singlet oxygen

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


response to prostaglandin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


cellular response to butyrate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


name: response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.


cellular response to dodecane

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.


name: detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling

description: The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


cellular response to acid chemical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


name: response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


name: cellular response to caloric restriction

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


name: general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process

description: The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.


response to peptide hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


response to glycine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.


name: stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: The series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays a signal.


response to L-glutamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.


response to environmental enrichment

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the provision of a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulations in the organism's housing environment.


cellular response to anisomycin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


antigenic variation

description: A process by which a symbiont evades the host adaptive immune response by changing antigenic determinants on the symbiont surface that are exposed to host antibodies.


response to epidermal growth factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


dark adaptation

description: The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light.


name: symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.


ovulation from ovarian follicle

description: The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct. An example of this is found in Mus musculus.


response to tacrolimus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus stimulus.


orthokinesis

description: The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.


cellular response to methionine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.


detection of gibberellic acid stimulus

description: The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to estradiol stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


cellular response to UV-C

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


cellular response to ethylene stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


cellular response to purvalanol A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


detection of endogenous stimulus

description: The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


skeletal muscle adaptation

description: Any process in which skeletal muscles change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.


cellular response to chitin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


cellular response to genistein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


cellular response to antimycin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.


regulation of biological process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


error-free postreplication DNA repair

description: The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA via processes such as template switching, which does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not increase the endogenous mutation rate.


ammonia assimilation cycle

description: The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.


larval foraging behavior

description: The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.


response to laminar fluid shear stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.


response to gonadotropin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


response to hesperadin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


response to formic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formic acid stimulus.


observational learning

description: Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.


response to BMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


cellular response to food

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


fear response

description: The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.


detection of redox state

description: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


type IIb hypersensitivity

description: An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


response to interleukin-9

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


response to defenses of other organism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.


name: cellular response to topologically incorrect protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


T-helper 1 type immune response

description: An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


response to cesium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IKBKE activity

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of host I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKBKE/IKK-epsilon/IKK-E).


response to abiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus.


name: detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center

description: The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


response to hepatocyte growth factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host T-cell mediated immune response

description: A process by which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to reactive oxygen species

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


cellular response to alkane

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.


cellular response to misfolded protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


response to raffinose

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-3

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


cellular response to biphenyl

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.


name: response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.


cellular response to glycoprotein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


response to trehalose-6-phosphate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


response to dimethyl sulfoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.


memory

description: The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


vocalization behavior

description: The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.


response to actinomycin D

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.


cellular response to cholesterol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host defenses

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to acetaldehyde

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.


melanization of appressorium wall

description: The process in which melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont. Melanization of the appressorium increases turgor pressure in the appressorium.


response to immobilization stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


response to dexamethasone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


olfactory sociosexual communication

description: The use of external chemical cues called pheromones to send social and sexual information between members of the same species, leading to specific behavioral responses. Pheromones may be detected by two olfactory sensory circuits, the main olfactory pathway and the vomeronasal system.


name: response to follicle-stimulating hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


response to auditory stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.


name: protein-DNA covalent cross-linking repair

description: The removal of covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.


detection of carbohydrate stimulus

description: The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.