A compound composed of the 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of five isoprenoid units.


Any member of the class of orthoquinones that is 1,2-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives.


A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.


benzoquinones

Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives.


Ubiquinone Qo

A derivative of benzoquinone carrying a 5-methyl substituent; and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. The core structure of the ubiquinone group of compounds.


hydroxyquinone

Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group.


N-acetylglucosamine

An N-acylglucosamine where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


(R)-bifonazole

A 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole that is the R-enantiomer of bifonazole.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal.


DL-Alanine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


L-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid

An optically active form of 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid having L-configuration.


CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid

A CMP-sugar in which the sugar component consists of any N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid.


A pyrrole carrying methyl and acetyl substituents at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.


xylonic acid

A pentonic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of the aldehyde group of aldehydo-xylose to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid-1,2,3,4-(13)C4

A (13)C-modified compound that is N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid in which the carbon atoms at postions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are present as their (13)C isotopes. Used in biological studies for metabolic alterations associated with schizophrenia.


A C3 cyanine dye having 3-ethyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-yl units at each end.


1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide

An organic iodide salt in which the cationic component is 1,3-dimethylimidazolium.


ethyltrimethylammonium iodide

A quarternary ammonium salt whose basic unit comprises an ethyltrimethylammonium cation and an iodide anion.


PRALIDOXIME IODIDE

An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.


A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.


SODIUM IODIDE

A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.


A C3 cyanine dye having 1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindoleinine units at each end.


monoiodotyrosine

An  iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.


iodothyronine

An  iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is  thyronine.


iodotyrosine

A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.


ammonium iodide

The iodide salt of ammonia.


acetyl-beta-methylthiocholine iodide

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the monoiodide salt of acetyl-beta-methylthiocholine.


BUZEPIDE METIODIDE

An organic iodide salt of buzepide. It is a component of the antispasmodic drug vesadol.


A C1 cyanine dye having benzothiazolium-2-yl and quinolinium-4-yl substituents.


An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-dimethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position.


organoiodine compound

An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.


An unsymmetrical C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl and quinolinium-4-yl substituents.


diiodotyrosine

A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.


1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide

An organic iodide salt in which the cationic component is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium.


poly(N-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium iodide)

A polymer composed of repeating N-methyl-2-ethylpyridinium iodide units.


iodoamino acid

An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent.


A C7 cyanine dye having 3-ethyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-yl units at each end.


An unsymmetrical C1 cyanine dye having 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl and quinolinium-4-yl substituents.


An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-diethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position.


A C7 cyanine dye having 1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindoleinine units at each end.


D-glucuronic acid 1-phosphate

A uronic acid phosphate consisting of D-glucuronic acid having a phosphate group attached at the 1-position.


benzyl alcohols

Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton.


The (S,S) diastereoisomer of butane-2,3-diol.


The meso diastereoisomer of butane-2,3-diol.


aflatoxin

Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins


fluocinolone acetonide

A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.


stanozolol

An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.


hemiaminal

Any organic amino compound that has an amino group and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom. Hemiaminals are intermediates in the formation of imines by addition of an amine to an aldehyde or ketone; those derived from primary amines are particularly unstable.


(S)-NADPHX

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 2,3-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADPH, with the hydroxy group located at position 2, having (S)-configuration.


(R)-NADPHX

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stero- and regioselective hydration across the 2,3-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADPH, with the hydroxy group located at position 2, having (R)-configuration.


A tetrahydropterin that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 4a-position.


(R)-NADHX

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADH, with the hydroxy group located at position 6, having (R)-configuration.


(S)-NADHX

A tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide obtained by formal stereo- and regioselective hydration across the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinyl ring of NADH, with the hydroxy group located at position 6, having (S)-configuration.


diflorasone diacetate

The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.


beclometasone

A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.


fluorometholone acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 17-hydroxy function of fluorometholone with acetic acid. Used in the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye.


A pyranone based on the structure of 4H-pyran-4-one and its substituted derivatives.


A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 23R.


A member of the class of quinolones that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by oxo groups.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from corticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


An anabolic steroid that differs from testosterone by having a 1,2-double bond instead of a 4,5-double bond in its A ring. A potent androgen with anabolic properties, it was legally sold as a prohormone in the U.S.A. until 2005, when it was reclassified as a Schedule III drug.


A 16-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone carrying a hydroxy group at the 16 position.


An androstanoid that is androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogen at the 1alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


An androstanoid having a double bond at C-5, an oxo group at C-3 and a hydroxy group with beta-configuration at C-17.


triamcinolone acetonide

A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.


A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 20.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which a double bond is introduced at position 6. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid that is progesterone in which the hydrogen at the 6beta-position is substituted by a hydroxy group.


clocortolone

16alpha-Methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy substituents at the 11beta and 21 positions, fluorine at position 6 and chlorine at position 9. A medium potency corticosteroid, it is used as its 21-O-pivalate or caproate ester for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders.


alclometasone dipropionate

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.


3-oxo Delta(7)-steroid

Any 3-oxo steroid which also contains a double bond between positions 7 and 8.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 16alpha-hydroxyestrone in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 16 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


Any flavanone in which the chiral centre at position 2 has S-configuration.


AMPELOPSIN

An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.


methylprednisolone suleptanate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of 6alpha-methylprednisolone with the carboxy group of 8-[methyl(2-sulfoethyl)amino]-8-oxooctanoic acid.


mibolerone

An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.


Any hydroxyflavanone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3' of the phenyl ring.


7alpha,12alpha,24-trihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


A steroid aldehyde that is cortisol carrying a formyl group at position 18.


An  androstanoid that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a hydroxy group at position 17 and an oxo group at position 3.


hydroxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3, methyl groups at positions 2 and 17 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


17-oxo steroid

Any  oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.


oxymetholone

A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.


desoximetasone

Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.


A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.


A 6alpha-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 6.


A steroid acid that is 23,24-bisnor-chol-1,4-dien-22-oic acid bearing additional oxo and hydroxy substituent at positions 3 and 9 respectively.


anthracenone

Any member of the class of anthracenes in which the anthracene moiety is substituted by an oxo group.


EPIANDROSTERONE

A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.


(-)-dihydromyricetin

The (2S,3S)-stereoisomer of dihydromyricetin.


A 18-hydroxy steroid that is cortisol carrying a hydroxy group at position 18. Its urinary excretion is increased in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is epiandrosterone carrying a hydroxy group at the 7beta position. It is an endogenous androgen metabolite that has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects.


boldenone undecylenate

An  3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an  anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use.


A brassinosteroid that is 5alpha-campestane bearing an oxo substituent at position 3.


dienogest

A steroid hormone that is 17beta-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-diene substituted at position 17 by a cyanomethyl group. Used as an oral contraceptive.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone which is substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 19.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6alpha position. It is a metabolite of prednisolone found in human urine.


3-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


A steroid ester that is pregn-4-en-21-yl acetate substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20, hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 17 and a fluoro group at position 6.


7alpha,12alpha,24-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 6.


7alpha -hydroxytestosterone

An androstanoid that is testosterone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 7. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin


desonide

Triamcinolone acetonide with hydrogen instead of the fluorine substituent at position 9. A corticosteroid anti-inflammatory, it is used topically as a cream, ointment or lotion for the treatment of various skin disorders.


betamethasone valerate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.


formestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group. Formestane was the first selective, type I steroidal aromatase inhibitor, suppressing oestrogen production from anabolic steroids or prohormones. It was formerly used in the treatment of oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in post-meopausal women. As it has poor oral bioavailability, it had to be administered by (fortnightly) intramuscular injection. It fell out of use with the subsequent development of cheaper, orally active aromatase inhibitors. Formestane is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a substance prohibited from use by athletes.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 20 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 5alpha-cholestane substituted by an oxo group at position 3.


methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 4'.


A 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17 and a hydroxy group at position 9.


cyclohexanones

Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


An androstanoid that is 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone carrying an additional oxo susbstituent at position 19.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is 3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid carrying an additional hydroxy group at the 12alpha-position.


A cholestanoid that consists of 3-oxocholest-4-ene bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 26.


A 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one in which the 25-position has R-configuration.


A 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid that is cortisol in which the 20-oxo group has been reduced to a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of cortisol identified in the urine of horses and humans, and its urinary excretion is increased in obesity.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 5alpha-pregane-3-one carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 20beta-position.


flavanones

Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one with S-configuration at C-24.


3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid

Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2.


METRIBOLONE

A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.


halosterol A

A 3-oxo steroid that is stigmast-4-en-3-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22 (the 22R stereoisomer). Isolated from the whole plants of Haloxylon recurvum, it exhibits chymotrypsin inhibitory activity.


An androstanoid that is epiandrosterone substituted by an oxo group at position 7.


trenbolone

A 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid that is estra-4,9,11-triene carrying an oxo group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 17beta. It is a synthetic anabolic steroid used for muscle growth in livestock.


An  ergostanoid that is ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 11 and an oxo group at position 3. Isolated from a myxobacterial strain Sorangiineae, it exhibits activity against colon  adinocarcinoma cells.


An androstanoid that is testosterone substituted by a alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin.


EQUILENIN

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.


A C21-steroid that is corticosterone in which the 20-oxo group has been reduced to a hydroxy group.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is zymosterol which has been substituted by a methyl group at C-4, and in which the 3-hydroxy function has been oxidised to an oxo group.


alicyclic ketone

A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


A 3-oxo steroid that is estr-5(10)-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


An androstanoid that is  testosterone substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 16. A natural product found in Daphnia magna exposed to the biocide tributyltin.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-en-3-one which carries a hydroxy group at position 25.


6-Deoxoteasterone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.


vamorolone

A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-1,4,9(11)-trien-17-ol substituted by oxo, oxo, and hydroxy groups at positions 3, 20, and 21, respectively. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 2 years and older.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6alpha position. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregn-4-en-3-one carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 20 and 21.


(R)-donepezil

A 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one that has R configuration.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6beta position. It is a metabolite of prednisolone found in human urine.


fluticasone furoate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.


A 3-oxo steroid that is cortisone in which the double bond between positions 4 and 5 has been reduced to a single bond.


betamethasone dipropionate

A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy hydrogens at positions 17 and 21 are replaced by propanoyl groups. It is used in combination with calcipotriene hydrate, a synthetic vitamin D analogue, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


fluticasone

A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-cholestan-3-one bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 7alpha .


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone carrying a hydroxy group at the 6beta position. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is campest-4-en-3-one bearing an additional 22S-hydroxy substituent.


dihydroflavonols

Any hydroxyflavanone in which a hydroxy group is present at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring.


A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by hydroxy groups at the 17alpha and 20 positions.


megestrol

A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and hydroxy groups at positions 7alpha and 26. It has R-configuration at position 25.


A steroid that consists of androstane having double bonds at positions 1 and 4, two keto groups at positions 3 and 17 and a hydroxy group at position 9.


stachsterol

A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 25 and an oxo group at position 3. Isolated from Stachyurus himalaicus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity against human Hela cell lines.


An  androstanoid that is androst-4-ene substituted by an alpha-fluoro group at position 2 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from aldosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


methoxyflavanone

A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents.


diflorasone

The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which the oxo group at position 20 has been reduced to the corresponding alpha-hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisolone.


7alpha,24-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-3-one with S configuration at C-24.


Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.


An 11-oxo steroid that is corticosterone in which the hydroxy substituent at the 11beta position has been oxidised to give the corresponding ketone.


A 26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one in which the 25-position has S-configuration.


An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 1beta-position. A metabolite of testosterone.


A steroid ester that is pregn-4-en-21-yl acetate substituted by oxo group at positions 3 and 20, a methyl group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 17 respectively.


ethisterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.


tetrahydroxyflavanone

A hydroxyflavanone with at least four hydroxy substituents.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


clobetasol propionate

The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is  dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional oxo group at position 7.


A 3-oxo steroid that has alpha configuration at position 5.


tixocortol

A steroid sulfide in which the sulfanyl group is at C-21 of a polyoxygenated derivative of pregn-4-ene.


A steroid saponin that is 6beta-hydroxytestosterone attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via glycosidic linkage.


Any 3-oxo steroid that has beta- configuration at position 5.


A 16-hydroxyprednisolone in which the hydroxy group at position 16 adopts alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of budesonide found in human urine and plasma.


A 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid containing an additional double bond between positions 4 and 5.


A 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid that is 5alpha-estrane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3, a hydroxy group at the 17beta position, and which has a double bond between positions 1 and 10. It is a 19-norsteroid arising from successive oxidation of dihydrotestosterone at C19.


A C21-steroid that is cortisone in which the oxo group at position 20 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6 and is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 as well as a hydroxy group at position 17.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 4.


A 17-oxo steroid that is estrone in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 20 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisone found in human urine.


An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7beta-position. It is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone.


fludrocortisone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.


A brassinosteroid that is 6-deoxocathasterone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which the oxo group at position 20 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of prednisolone.


A glucocorticoid that is prednisolone in which a double bond is introduced at position 6. It is a metabolite of prednisolone found in human urine.


clocortolone pivalate

The 21-O-pivalate ester of clocortolone. It is used for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 2.


A C19-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 1alpha-position


A C18 steroid with 5beta-configuration formed from nandrolone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


A  C21-steroid that is cortisone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. It is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.


3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid

A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone that contains an additional double bond between positions 6 and 7.


deoxycortisol

A 3,20-dioxo steroid having the structure of cortisol but lacking one or more of its hydroxy groups.


An androstanoid that is 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone carrying an additional hydroxy susbstituent at position 18.


monomethoxyflavanone

Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group.


Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 3'.


indanone

An ortho-fused bicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentanone.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position.


A 3-oxo-5beta-steroid that is 5beta-pregnan-3-one carrying an additional 20alpha-hydroxy substituent.


A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.


A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


2-hydroxy-3-O-methyl estrone

A 2-hydroxy steroid that is 2-hydroxyestrone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


(S)-donepezil

A 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one that has S configuration.


A steroid ester that is pregn-4-en-21-yl acetate substituted by a fluoro group at position 9, hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 17 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 respectively.


dihydroxyflavanone

Any  hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.


A 3-oxo Delta(1)-steroid with 5beta-configuration formed from 17beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


calotropone

A 20-oxo steroid that is 17alpha-pregn-5-en-20-one substituted by a benzoyloxy group at position 12 and hydroxy groups at positions 3, 14 and 17 (the 3beta,12beta,14beta stereoisomer). It is isolated from the roots of Calotropis gigantea and displays inhibitory effects towards chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 and human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell lines.


A urobilin that consists of 3,18-diethyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,4,5,15,16,19,22,24-octahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19 (the 4S,10Z,16R-iseomer).


imide

A dicarboximide that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a p-bromophenyl group.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has S-configuration.


An oct-1-en-3-ol that has R-configuration.


(dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid carrying a dihydroxyphenyl substituent at position 3.


resminostat

An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[1-({4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl}sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylases with potential antineoplastic activity.


NSC 23766 trihydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of NSC 23766 with 3 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. An inhibitor of the signalling G-protein known as RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1).


fructosyllysine

A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.


A mononitrophenol that is 4-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


n-alkanal

An  aliphatic aldehyde obtained by formal oxygenation of one of the terminal methyl groups of any straight-chain alkane.


methyl green

An iminium salt composed of (4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(trimethylazaniumyl)phenyl]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(dimethyl)ammonium and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio. A histological dye used to demonstrate nucleic acids by the Unna-Pappenheim stain, in conjunction with Pyronin Y.


methylbenzene

Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.


castasterone 23-O-alpha-D-glucoside

A brassinosteroid that is castasterone carrying an alpha-D-glucosyl residue at position O-23.


hemiacetal

A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).


lactol

Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.


fructose

A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.


cyclic hemiketal

A hemiacetal  having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.


hemiketal

A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.


ECDYSONE

A 6-oxo steroid that is 5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2beta, 3beta, 22R stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone.


podecdysone B

A phytoecdysteroid that consists of 5beta-cholesta-8,14-dien-6-one bearing five hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3, 20, 22 and 25.


N-acylneuraminic acid

Any neuraminic acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


N-acetylneuraminic acid

An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.


pyridinecarboxamide

A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.


CHLORFENAPYR

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.


tralopyril

A pyrrole resulting from the N-dealkylation of the ethoxymethyl group of chlorfenapyr. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide chlorfenapyr.


maleimides

Compounds containing a cyclic dicarboximide skeleton in which the two carboacyl groups on nitrogen together with the nitrogen itself form a 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione structure.


(RS)-mevalonate

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising valeric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 5-positions together with a methyl group at the 3-position.


A  1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group at position 2 and a 5-methyl-2-thienyl group at position 5.


An oxime O-ether consisting of progesterone having an O-(carboxymethyl)oxime group at the 3-position and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha-position.


tertiary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1)R(2).


A member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole which is substituted by a 2-{[4-(2-methylpropanamido)phenyl][(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]amino}-2-oxoethyl group at position 1. It is a 3C-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus HKU4.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of (2R)-2-amino-N-(2-furylmethyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(2-thienylmethyl)acetamide. OSMI-1 is a cell permeable inhibitor of O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (O-GlcNAc transferase, OGT).


A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.


A member of the class of benzotriazoles that is 1H-benzotriazole which is substituted by a 2-oxo-2-{(4-propanamidophenyl)[(thiophen-3-yl)methyl]amino}ethyl group at position 1.  It is a 3C-like protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus HKU4.


name: 2-amino-5-[diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid propan-2-yl ester


A monochlorobenzene that is benzene substituted by (chloroacetyl){2-oxo-2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl}amino, chloro and methoxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a covalent inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that induces ferroptosis in cells.


name: 4-[dimethylamino(oxo)methyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


catecholamine

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


(±)-adrenaline

A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen.


noradrenaline

A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.


omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid

A omega-hydroxy-fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C6 to C12.


CYSTEINE

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.


A cholestanoyl-CoA formed by thioester linkage between 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and coenzyme A.


hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


(2R)-2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 2-hydroxymyristic acid having 2R-configuration.


HODE

Hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells from the corresponding hydroperoxy compounds (HPODEs).


9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A hydroxy-fatty acid formally derived from octacecanoic (stearic) acid by hydroxy substitution at positions 9 and 10.


hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is ocatadecanoic acid (stearic acid) in which the aliphatic chain has been substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.


(3R)-3-hydroxy fatty acid

A 3-hydroxy fatty acid in which the carbon at position 3 has R configuration.


3-hydroxyoctanoic acid

An 8-carbon, beta-hydroxy fatty acid which may be a marker for primary defects of beta-hydroxy fatty acid metabolism. Repeating unit of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid), a biopolymer used by numerous bacterial species as carbon and energy reserves.


(S)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has S-configuration.


(R)-3-hydroxypentanoic acid

A 3-hydroxypentanoic acid in which the chiral centre at position 3 has R-configuration.


hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid

A omega-hydroxy-fatty acid with a chain length of less than C6.


(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is a straight-chain fatty acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon adjacent to the terminal methyl group (i.e. at the (omega-1) position) is replaced by a hydroxy group.


3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, (+/-)-

A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.


omega-hydroxy fatty acid

Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (omega).


2-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID

A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.


2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A long-chain fatty acid that is stearic (octadecanoic) acid substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group.


2-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the alpha- or 2-position.


(2S)-2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 2-hydroxymyristic acid having 2S-configuration.


3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid

A 3-hydroxy fatty acid that is tetradecanoic (myristic) acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group


2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid

A branched-chain fatty acid that is 3-methylpentanoic acid carrying a hydroxy substitutent at position 2.


2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid

A  hydroxybutyric acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively.


3-hydroxylauric acid

A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 3-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid;  associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.


3-hydroxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a hydroxy functional group in the beta- or 3-position. beta-Hydroxy fatty acids accumulate during cardiac hypoxia, and can also be used as chemical markers of bacterial endotoxins.


(R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid. Found in patients with short-bowel syndrome (an inborn error of metabolism), and in maple syrup urine disease, MSUD.


A HODE that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the hydroxy substituent located at position 9.


hydroxybutyric acid

Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.


A CDP-glycerol in which the 2-postion of the glycerol portion has R-configuration.


ALCURONIUM CHLORIDE

Chloride salt of alcuronium.


ammonium fluoride

A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.


ammonium chloride

An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.


ammonium bromide

An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.


BUTENAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of butenafine. An inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, it is used for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.


poly(L-lysine) hydrobromide

The hydrobromide salt of poly(L-lysine).


A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.


aryl dialkyl phosphate

Any aryl phosphate having a single aryl substituent and two alkyl substituents.


diadenosyl hexaphosphate

A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a hexaphosphate.


5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate

A  ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.


aminophospholipid

A phospholipid that contains one or more amino groups.


xanthosine 5'-phosphate

xanthosine phosphate compounds having phosphate groups at position 5'.


oxo-fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any oxo-fatty acid.


UDP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having UDP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


UDP-D-galactose

A UDP-sugar having D-galactose as the sugar component.


branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any branched-chain fatty acid.


GDP-fucose

A GDP-hexose in which the hexose component is a fucosyl residue.


acyl monophosphate

An organic phosphate ester or anhydride formed by condensation of phosphoric acid with a carboxylic acid.


D-ribose 5-phosphate

A ribose monophosphate that is D-ribose substituted at position 5 by a phosphate group. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.


N-acylsphingosine 1-phosphate

A ceramide phosphate compound having the phosphate group in the 1-position and an unspecified acyl group atached to the nitrogen atom.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid.


purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate

A purine nucleoside monophosphate in which the sugar component is specified as arabinosyl.


adenyl nucleotide

A  nucleotide having adenine as the base.


phosphagen

Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


aroyl-CoA

A acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any aromatic carboxylic acid.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar

A nucleotide-sugar whose nucleobase is a pyrimidine.


nucleoside 5'-phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated.


NAD(P)H

A coenzyme that may be NADH or NADPH.


very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl group has a chain length greater than C22.


octadecenoyl-CoA

Any unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


malonyl-CoAs

Any short-chain fatty acyl-CoA in which the the fatty acid specified is malonic acid or its derivatives.


olefinic phospholipid

Any phospholipid that contains an olefinic function.


glutaconyl-CoA

A  2-enoyl-CoA that is the glutaconyl derivative of CoA.


TDP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having TDP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


nucleoside phosphate

A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.


GDP-D-mannose

A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any long-chain (C13 to C22) fatty acid.


cholestanoyl-CoA

A steroidal acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any cholestan-26-oic acid.


myo-inositol monophosphate derivative

Any myo-inositol monophosphate which has been derivatised.


An NADP obtained by formal reduction of the 1,2-position in the pyridine ring of beta-NAD.


N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

A D-galactosamine 1-phosphate compound having an N-acetyl substituent.


2-deoxyribose phosphate

A deoxyaldopentose phosphate in which the deoxyaldopentose is 2-deoxyribose.


NADP

Abbreviation for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate when its oxidation state is unknown or unspecified.


medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any medium-chain fatty acid.


D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

A glucosamine phosphate that is D-glucosamine substituted by a phosphate group at position 6.


monophosphoglyceric acid

A glyceric acid phosphate in which only one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated.


2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl group contains a double bond between positions 2 and 3.


sphingoid 1-phosphate

A generic class of  phosphosphingolipids, encompassing monophosphorylated derivatives of sphinganine, its homologues and stereoisomers, as well as the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.


UDP-D-glucose

A UDP-sugar having D-glucose as the sugar component.


hydroxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid.


NAD(+)

The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.


N-acyl-D-mannosamine phosphate

Any mannosamine phosphate having D-configuration and carrying an N-acyl substituent.


methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA

A branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any methyl-branched fatty acid.


CMP-sugar

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having CMP as the nucleotide component attached to an unspecified sugar via an anomeric diphosphate linkage.


2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

The alpha-anomer of 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate.


bisphosphoglyceric acid

A glyceric acid phosphate in which both of the hydroxy groups have been phosphorylated.


deoxyribonucleotide

A nucleotide in which the ribose moiety has one or more of its hydroxy groups substituted by hydrogen.


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.


aldonic acid phosphate

An aldonic acid in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated.


ceramide 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid consisting of any ceramide phosphorylated at position 1


fatty acyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid.


organic triphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


diadenosyl tetraphosphate

A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a tetraphosphate.


An NADP obtained by formal reduction of the 1,6-position in the pyridine ring of beta-NAD.


purine nucleotide-sugar

A nucleotide-sugar whose nucleobase is a purine.


guanyl nucleotide

A nucleotide having guanine as the base.


3-PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID

The D-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceric acid


3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA

An oxo fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-oxo-fatty acid..


NAD(P)

A coenzyme that may be NAD or NADP.


benzoyl-CoAs

Any  aroyl-CoA in which the  aroyl group is specified as benzoyl or its substituted derivative.


GDP-hexose

A GDP-sugar in which the sugar component is a hexosyl residue.


methylbutanoyl-CoA

Any member of the class of  butanoyl-CoAs having methylbutanoyl as the acyl substituent.


phosphoglyceric acid

An aldonic acid phosphate where the aldonic acid component is glyceric acid.


D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group.


octadecadienoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds at unknown positions.


organic diphosphate

An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.


octadecatrienoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds at unknown positions.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is adenine.


nucleotide

A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


glycerol 3-phosphate

A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group located at position 1.


A 3-enoyl-CoA in which the beta C=C double bond has trans stereochemistry.


hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.


3-substituted propionyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-substituted propionic acid (R =/= H).


steroidal acyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any steroidal carboxylic acid.


D-ribose 1-phosphate

A ribose monophosphate that is D-ribose substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.


The pyranose form of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate having the N-acyl specified as acetyl.


diadenosyl polyphosphate

A dinucleotide that consists of two adenosine moieties bridge by a chain of a variable number (from two to six) of phosphate units.


A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-glucosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


short-chain fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any short-chain fatty acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acid.


glucosamine phosphate

A hexosamine phosphate having glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


A short-chain, methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA having 2-methylbutanoyl as the S-acyl group.


11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA

Any fatty acyl-CoA in which the 11-12 bond of the fatty acyl group is saturated.


unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA

A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any unsaturated fatty acid.


butanoyl-CoAs

Any short-chain fatty acyl-CoA in which the acyl group specified is butanoyl or its substituted derivative.


ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate where sugar of the nucleoside is ribose.


A hydroxybutanoyl-CoA having 3-hydroxybutanoyl as the S-acyl component.


pentose phosphate

Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.


phospholipid

A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.


N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

A N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.


guanyl deoxyribonucleotide

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate

A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-3 and C-5 of the ribose ring are engaged in formation of a cyclic mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphate.


Generic name for any derivative of coenzyme A in which the thiol group is in thioester linkage with an acyl group containing a C=C double bond beta to the thioester linkage.


D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

The furanose form of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


UDP-D-glucuronic acid

A UDP-sugar having D-glucopyranuronic acid as the sugar component.


N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate

An N-acyl-D-mannosamine phosphate having the phosphate group placed at the 6-position.


purine nucleotide

Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside bisphosphate that has a purine nucleobase.


3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA

A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy fatty acid.


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate

A nucleoside phosphate consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxy groups on the sugar.


name: 2-ammonioethyl (2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl phosphate zwitterion

description: Major species at pH 7.3.


A ribose monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 5-position and an amino group in place of hydroxy at the anomeric centre.


2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate compound with the phosphate group in the 5'-position.


acyl-CoA

A thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

Any member of the class of  butanoyl-CoAs having hydroxybutanoyl as the acyl substituent.


monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA

Any unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the fatty acyl chain contains one carbon-carbon double bond.


UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.


name: 5-[diethylamino(oxo)methyl]-4-methyl-2-(1-oxopentylamino)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


flavanonol

a class of flavonoids that use the 3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one (IUPAC name) backbone.


PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.


eprazinone hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining eprazinone with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.


A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 2-amino-3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


A member of the class of quinolones that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-allyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole.


pyrazolone

A member of the class of pyrazoles in which one of the carbons of the pyrazole ring is substituted by an oxo group.


(S)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


betazole dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of betazole.


name: 5-[[3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1-oxoprop-2-enyl]amino]-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid O2-ethyl ester O4-propan-2-yl ester


(R)-penthiopyrad

A 1-methyl-N-[2-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-3-thienyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of penthiopyrad.


PENTHIOPYRAD

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at 4beta and 26 positions and has R-configuration at position 25.


thioctic acid

A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.


An imidazoline that is 4,5-dihydroimidazole bearing a chloromethyl substituent at position 2.


(S)-ethosuximide

The (S)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


A 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid in which the 4-hydroxy group has S-configuration.


ROTOXAMINE

The (R)- (inactive) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


tioxazafen

A 1,2,4-oxadizole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by phenyl and thiophen-2-yl groups, respectively. It is used as a broad spectrum nematicidal seed treatment.


ribonucleoside

Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.


pyranone

Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


methylpyridines

Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.


pyrroline

Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.


The (R)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione.


pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside

A pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen.


thiamine(1+) carboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is thiamine(1+) which carries an oxo group at position 2.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has R configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and S configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


cPTIO

A mmeber of the class of imidazolines and organic radical that is 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-3lambda(5)-imidazol-1-yl]oxidanyl substituted at position 2 by a 4-carboxyphenyl group.


pyrrolidines

Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.


(R)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


pyrimidinecarboxylic acid

Any pyrimidine that bears one or more carboxylic acid substituents.


zavegepant

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which both amino groups are replaced by 4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl and {(2R)-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}amino groups. It is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist whose hydrochloride salt has been approved by the FDA for the acute treatment of migraine.


xanthosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of xanthosine.


monohydroxypyridine

A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


(S)-imazamox

The (S)-enantiomer of 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)nicotinic acid.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of both nitrogens of pyridoxamine.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


oxolanes

Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.


ROTOXAMINE

The (S)- (active) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


(S)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


TENOCYCLIDINE

A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.


(S)-cycrimine

The (S)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


aminopyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.


(S)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23R stereoisomer). It is less calcemic towards the vitamin D nuclear receptor than 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo.


That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 3.


MONOPHOSPHOTHIAMINE

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.


piperidinemonocarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of piperidines in which one of the carbons of the piperidine ring is substituted by a carboxy group.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


(R)-imazamox

The (R)-enantiomer of 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid.


1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid

A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


A pyranone based on the structure of 2H-pyran-2-one and its substituted derivatives.


CETYLPYRIDINIUM BROMIDE

A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.


pyridines

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


adenosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.


DEXTROBUPIVACAINE

The (R)-(+)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a pyrimidine base.


A 2,2'-bithiophene that is 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing 2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl and 4-methoxybenzyl groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.


(S)-DOXAPRAM

The (S)-enantiomer of doxapram.


ropivacaine

The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.


timolol

The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


pyrimidine nucleobase

A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine.


rivaroxaban

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.


diazoline

A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.


purine ribonucleoside

A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


AMPK activator PT 1

A member of the class of furans that in which the furan ring is substituted by a (2-amino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-5(4H)-ylidene)methyl group at position 2 and a 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl group at position 5, and i which the amino substituent of the thiazolone has been substituted by a 3-carboxy-4-chlorophenyl group. It is a direct activator of the alpha-subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK).


(R)-omeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has R configuration at the sulfur atom.


aminopyrimidine

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.


pyrrole

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.


STREPTONIGRIN

Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.


pyrimidone

A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


inosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of inosine.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol which has undergone formal oxidative coupling at positions 20 and 23 to the hydroxy group and methyl group, respectively, of methanol to afford the corresponding oxolane ring (the 20S,23S stereoisomer). It is a superagonist of the vitamin D nuclear receptor in vitro, but is as calcemic in vivo as the natural ligand.


purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


thienylfentanyl

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Any pyridone that is pyridin-4-one or its derivatives by substitution of one of more of the hydrogens.


D-pipecolic acid

The D-enantiomer of pipecolic acid.


(R)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has R configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal agent

A member of the class of pyrimidines that has significant antifungal properties.


necrosulfonamide

A sulfonamide that is a 3-methoxypyrazin-2-yl derivative of (E)-N-(4-(N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)-3-(5-nitrothiophene-2-yl)acrylamide. Necrosulfonamide specifically blocks necrosis downstream of the activation of RIP3 (the receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3), a key signalling molecule in the programmed necrosis (necroptosis) pathway.


IMAZAMOX

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-imazamox. An inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, it is used (particularly as the corresponding ammonium salt, known as imazamox-ammonium) as a herbicide for the control of grass, broad-leaf weeds, and pond weed.


pyridoxamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.


fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


(R)-chlormezanone

The (R)-enantiomer of chlormezanone.


An oxazinane alkaloid that is methyl (4S)-1,3-oxazinane-4-carboxylate substituted by a (1H-pyrrol-2-yl group at position 2 and a 2-methylheptyl group at position 5. Isolated from Celastrus angulatus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


L-pipecolic acid

The L-enantiomer of pipecolic acid. It is a metabolite of lysine.


chloropyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


pyridinemonocarboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.


idazoxan

A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


pyridoxal hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxal with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


guanosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of guanosine.


thiamine(1+) aldehyde

A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is thiamine(1+) in which the 2-hydroxyethyl group has been replaced by a 2-oxoethyl group.


(R)-DOXAPRAM

The (R)-enantiomer of doxapram.


DISTIGMINE BROMIDE

An organic bromide salt of distigmine. It is an anticholinesterase drug used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and postoperative urinary retention.


hydroxymethylpyridine

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.


A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.


(R)-ethosuximide

The (R)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


purine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a purine base.


eszopiclone

The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.


thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of thiamine hydrochloride.


hydroxypyridine

Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.


THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R,S)-MEFLOQUINE

An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


dihydrofuran

Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.


A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.


IMAZAPYR

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, ethyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of GS4012 with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


The (5R)-enantiomer of zopiclone.


A nitrile that pyridine which is substituted by 2-thienyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano and methylthio groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.


(R)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has S configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and R configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


The (S)-enantiomer of 3-methylthiofentanyl.


1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid

A 1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid that is 1-pyrroline in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 is replaced by a carboxy group.


PROLINE

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.


purines D-ribonucleoside

A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


(R)-imazapic

A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (R)-configuration.


pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


(S)-imazapic

A 5-methyl-2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid that has (S)-configuration.


amprolium

An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.


IMAZAPIC

A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is 5-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl group, which in turn is substituted at positions 4, 4, and 5 by isopropyl, methyl, and oxo groups, respectively.


A pyridinium salt that is 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium having bromide as the counterion.


furoic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


BIPERIDEN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of biperiden. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.


methylguanosine

Any guanosine carrying one or more methyl substituents.


(R)-timolol

The (R)-(+) (less active) enantiomer of timolol.


(R)-cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside

A purine derivative attached to a beta-D-2'-deoxy-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


pyridinedicarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.


(R)-amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


(R)-imazapyr

A 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)nicotinic acid that has R configuration.


monomethylxanthine

A methylxanthine carrying a single methyl substituent at any position.


A monomethylxanthine having the methyl group located at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of caffeine in humans.


An organic bromide salt having 9-benzyl-2-butyl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-9H-beta-carbolin-2-ium as the counterion


hydroxy(phenyl)2-thienylacetic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid bearing hydroxy and 2-thenyl substituents at position 2.


sedoheptulose derivative

A ketoheptose derivative that is formally obtained from sedoheptulose.


(2E)-2-aminobut-2-enoic acid zwitterion

Major species at pH 7.3


eltanolone

The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.


The monohydrochloride salt of dextrobupivacaine.


N-alkylglycine

Any glycine derivative in which glycine is substituted at position 2 by an alkyl group.


N-methylglycines

An N-alkylglycine that is sarcosine and derivatives of sarcosine arising by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen by a hydrocarbyl group.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


N-carbamoylaspartic acid

An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.


mandelic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.


(-)-trans-permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


propanals

An aldehyde based on a propanal skeleton and its derivatives.


coumamycin

A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.


haloacetic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.


elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


2-hexenedioic acid

A hexenedioic acid where the C=C double bond is located at the 2-position.


polyprenal

Any enal having a polyprenyl chain.


PYOLUTEORIN

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 4,5-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. It is a natural product found in Pseudomonas fluorescens which exhibits antibacterial properties and is a strong inducer of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.


withalongolide C

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


homocarnosine

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


name: 2-[[butoxy(oxo)methyl]amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


monounsaturated fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with one double or triple bond located at any position in the aliphatic chain.


(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid

A 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid that has (2S,3S)-configuration.


name: 3-[[2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid

Any 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a methylthio group.


acetylenic fatty acid

Any  unsaturated fatty acid containing at least one triple bond in the carbon chain framework.


SITOINDOSIDE IX

A  withanolide saponin that consists of withaferin A attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 27 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


TUBOCAPSANOLIDE A

A  withanolide that is 5beta,6beta:16alpha,17alpha-diepoxywitha-2,24-dienolide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and an oxo group at position 1. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


barogenin

A cholestanoid that is cholest-5-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 26 and oxo groups at positions 16 and 22 respectively.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


name: 2-(3-formyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


MESOTRIONE

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


COLUBRINIC ACID

A steroid acid isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 14alpha, 22 pro-R and 25 positions.


N-acetylhistidine

A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.


An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is soladulcidine carrying an acetoxy substituent at position 23


3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).


A glutamine derivative with an acetyl group bound at the alpha-amino group.


pyrraline

A pyrrole having formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively; useful as indicator of advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


N-acetylmethionine

A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a neopentyl (2,2-dimethylpropyl) group.


name: 2-[[(4-bromo-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-4,5-dimethyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


estradiol benzoate

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.


N-formyl amino acid

Any N-acyl amino acid which has formyl as the acyl group.


AFALANINE

The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.


benzaldehydes

Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


pyrroledicarboxylic acid

A pyrrole compound having two carboxy substituents at any position on the ring.


THIOPHENE CARBOXYLIC ACID

A thiophenecarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2.


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


sinularia glycoside

A steroid saponin that is 3,7,16-trihydroxyergosta-5,24(28)-diene substituted by a 4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage (the 3beta,7beta,16beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Sinularia crispa, it exhibits spermatostatic activity.


4,6-dioxohept-2-enedioic acid

A heptenedioic acid that is hept-2-enedioic acid substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.


L-penicillamine

The L-enantiomer of penicillamine.


phthalic acid monoester

A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of an alcoholic or aromatic hydroxy group with just one of the two carboxy groups of phthalic acid.


hydroxycinnamic acid

Any member of the class of  cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


ZHANKUIC ACID C

A steroid acid that is ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-26-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12, a methyl group at position 4 and oxo groups at positions 7 and 11 (the 3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,12alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia camphorata, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


N-acyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


name: 5-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-[[2-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


LYCOGALIC ACID A

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


name: 5-[2-(2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl]-3-methylthiophene-2,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


glyceric acid

A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of the terminal methyl group of 4beta,26-dihydroxycholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


(R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has R-configuration.


RACEMETHIONINE

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


L-erythro-isocitric acid

The (1R,2R)-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


An enal obtained by formal dehydrogenation across positions 2 and 3 of any n-alkanal


WITHALONGOLIDE D

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 19 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


malic acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


omega-3 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


23-HYDROXYTUBOCAPSANOLIDE A

A withanolide that is the 23-hydroxy derivative of tubocapsanolide A. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


name: 2-[(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexyl)methylideneamino]-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.


(R)-bambuterol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-bambuterol.


ureidocarboxylic acid

Any  carboxylic acid carrying a carbamoylamino group.


orantinib

An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


4-coumaric acid

A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.


protodeoxyviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 and 5 by indol-3-yl groups.


nitroflurbiprofen

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  flurbiprofen with the free hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent showing inhibitory effects against the cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid

A 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid in which one of the hydrogens beta to the carboxy group is replaced by a hydroxy group.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


alpha-diketone

A diketone that has its two ketone functionalities on adjacent atoms.


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


A pyrrole carrying propyl and hydroxyacetyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively.


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


name: 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-oxo-2-(2-oxolanylmethylamino)ethyl] ester


A pregnane sterol that is 5beta-pregnane carrying hydroxy groups at positions 3alpha and 21, oxo group at position 11, a double bond between positions 17 and 20 and the D-ring of the steroid has been expanded to a 6-membered ring by the addition of a methylene group.


A steroid acid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-ene having a carboxy group at the 4-position.


S-acylglutathione

Any glutathione carrying an S-acyl substituent.


(2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid having (2R)-configuration.


withaferin A

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


decanoate ester

A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid (capric acid) with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


hexenoic acid

A C6, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


L-2-aminopimelic acid

A 2-aminopimelic acid that has S-configuration.


dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.


(S)-ketorolac

A 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid that has S configuration. While (S)-ketorolac is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, both enantiomers exhibit analgesic effects. Racemic ketorolac, known simply as ketorolac, is used (mainly as the tromethamine salt) as a potent analgesic for the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-cholestane containing a double bond between positions 7 and 8, and substituted by an oxo group at position 6 and by hydroxy groups at the 3beta and 14alpha positions.


octadec-9-enoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9.


WITHALONGOLIDE I

A  withanolide saponin that consists of 3-hydroxy-22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-diene substituted by additonal hydroxy groups at positions 19 and 27, oxo groups at positions 1 and 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycodic linkage. It has been isolated from Physalis longifolia.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


cholesteryl ester

A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of cholesterol.


An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


2-hydroxylaminobenzoic acid

An  aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substutited by a hydroxyamino group at position 2.


(R)-bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


N-acyl-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative that is aspartic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


2,3-dihydro-3beta-methoxy withaferin A

A withanolide that is 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A substituted by a beta-methoxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


dimethenamid OXA

A monocarboxylic acid that is oxoacetic acid substituted by a (2,4-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the herbicide dimethenamid.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholestane having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


aldonic acid

Any carbohydrate acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid functional group. Aldonic acids have the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nC(=O)OH.


Any N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is L-lysine in which the N(6) amino group has been acylated.


name: 3-(tert-butylsulfamoyl)-4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


The S stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of (25R)-3beta,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one to the corresponding aldehyde.


surugapyrrole A

A pyrrolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-aminopropanoic acid. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.USF-6280 and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


omega-aminoaldehyde

An amino aldehyde that is an aliphatic aldehyde in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCHO, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


epsilon-lactone

Any lactone with a seven-membered ring.


A pyrrole formed via Maillard reaction of epsilon-aminocaproic acid with glucose.


oxo dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying one or more oxo groups.


7-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 7.


oxopentanoic acid

A C5 fatty acid carrying an oxo group at any position.


HYDROXYPREGNENOLONE

A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.