hexose

Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose).


beta-L-xylofuranose

An L-xylofuranose that has beta configuration at the anomeric centre.


ketose

Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals.


beta-D-galactoside

Any D-galactoside having beta-configuration at its anomeric centre.


glycosyloxyflavone

A member of the class of flavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


mannopyranose

The pyranose form of mannose.


deoxy sugar

Any sugar having a hydroxy group replaced with a hydrogen atom.


glucitol derivative

A hexitol derivative that is formally obtained from a glucitol.


quercetin O-glycoside

Any glycosyloxyflavone that is an O-glycosylated derivative of quercetin.


beta-L-rhamnopyranose

The beta-anomer of L-rhamnopyranose.


An amino disaccharide comprising a beta-D-mannosyl residue linked (1->4) to an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue at the reducing end.


D-glucosamine

An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.


amino trisaccharide

An amino oligosaccharide that is a trisaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


heptose

A seven-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldoheptose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketoheptose).


olefinic compound

Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.


enyne

An  acetylenic and an olefinic  compound containing a carbon chain that contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a carbon-carbon triple bond.


stilbenoid

Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone.


phenylpropanoid

Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


lignan

Any phenylpropanoid  derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e".


acetylenic compound

Any organic molecule containing a C#C bond.


terminal acetylenic compound

An acetylenic compound which a carbon of the C#C moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom.


elemental iron

An elemental molecular entity in which all of the atoms have atomic number 26.


tetracyclines

A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.


antibiotic fungicide

Any antibiotic antifungal agent that has been used as a fungicide.


organometalloidal compound

A compound having bonds between one or more metalloid atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group.


transition element molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.


organomercury compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-mercury bond.


d-block molecular entity

A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.


chromium ion

An chromium atom having a net electric charge.


organic molecular entity

Any molecular entity that contains carbon.


one-carbon compound

An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).


ether

An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.


organic molecule

Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.


serine zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of serine.


diether

A polyether in which the number of ether linkages is 2.


monomethoxyflavone

Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent.


organometallic compound

A compound having bonds between one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group.


dipeptide zwitterion

Any peptide zwitterion comprising two amino acid residues. Major structure at pH 7.3.


calixaromatic

A macrocycle composed of aromatic groups.


semisynthetic derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a natural product by partial chemical synthesis.


An entity derived from (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoic acid where the R is not defined.


anthoxanthin

are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers.


bioconjugate

A molecular entity consisting of at least 2 biological molecules covalently linked together.


cyclopropanes

Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


acid anhydride

Compounds consisting of two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom acyl-O-acyl.


benzyl ether

A compound of formula PhCH2OR (R =/= H).


cyclitol ether

An ether in which the ethereal oxygen is derived from one of the hydroxy groups of a cyclitol.


N-alkylglycine zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any N-alkylglycine; major species at pH 7.3.


statin (naturally occurring)

Any statin that occurs in nature. The class includes compactin (also known as mevastatin), isolated from a fermentation broth of Penicillium citrinum, and lovastatin, isolated from Aspergillus terreus.


antibiotic antifungal agent

Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties.


calix(hetero)arene

A calixaromatic compound composed of heteroarylene groups.


selenomethionine

A selenoamino acid that is the selenium analogue of methionine.


methoxyflavone

Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent.


heteroorganic entity

A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.


lipid

'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.


glycerol ether

Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.


acetal

An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ.


peptide zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.


alpha-amino acid zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.


L-thyroxine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of L-thyroxine.


bridged diphenyl antifungal agent

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has significant antifungal properties.


poly(ethylene glycol) derivative

A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification.


aliphatic compound

Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.


aromatic ether

Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.


aromatic amino-acid zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid.


flavones

A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


polyether

Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage.


L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.


linoleoyl bioconjugate

A bioconjugate obtained by coupling of linoleic acid to another biomolecule (e.g. coenzyme A, an acyl-carrier protein, a phospholipid, an oligosaccharide, a nucleic acid etc.), which for the sake of convenience, is represented by an R group.


Any anthocyanidin cation that carries a hydroxy substituent at position 5.


carbocyclic compound

A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


BATILOL

An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent.


statin (synthetic)

A statin which does not occur naturally and which is not obtained by chemical transformation of a naturally occurring statin.


flavonoid

Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


timnodonoyl bioconjugate

A bioconjugate obtained by coupling of timnodonic acid to another biomolecule (e.g. coenzyme A, an acyl-carrier protein, a phospholipid, an oligosaccharide, a nucleic acid etc.), which for the sake of convenience, is represented by an R group.


tetracenomycin

A polyketide based on a tetracene ring structure.


bridged diphenyl fungicide

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has been used as a fungicide.


ketal

An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.


anthocyanidin cation

Any organic cation that is an aglycon of anthocyanin cation; they are oxygenated derivatives of flavylium (2-phenylchromenylium).


organic cyclic compound

Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.


S-conjugate

A  bioconjugate containing molecules covalently bonded by a sulphur linkage


zwitterion

A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).


organochalcogen compound

An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.


organooxygen compound

An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.


amino acid zwitterion

The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.


polyketide

Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.


organic acid

Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.


dipolar compound

An  organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.


aromatic fungicide

An organic aromatic compound that has been used as a fungicide.


opine

A large family of low molecular weight compounds most commonly found in plant crown gall tumours or hairy root tumours produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium. They are also found in marine invertebrates, fungi, higher plants and mammals.


fatty acid derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid.


organic cation

Any organic ion with a net positive charge.


calixpyrroles

Compounds containing a calixpyrrole skeleton.


alkylglycerol

A glycerol ether having at least one alkyl substituent on oxygen.


organoselenium compound

An organoselenium compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-selenium bond.


cyclopentanes

Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


biaryl

An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.


antibiotic antifungal drug

Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


alicyclic compound

An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


tryptophan zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.


cyclobutanes

Cyclobutane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


statin

Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


flavonoids

Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them.


reactive oxygen species

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


elemental molecular entity

A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


magnesium cation

Any magnesium ion that is positively charged.


metal cation allergen

Any metal cation which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


elemental molecule

A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


lead cation

A lead atom having a positive net electric charge.


monoatomic entity

A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.


halide anion

A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.


cadmium cation

A transition element cation where the metal is specifed as cadmium.


divalent metal cation

A metal cation with a valence of two.


radical

A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron.


aminoxyls

Radicals derived from hydroxylamines by removal of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxy group. The synonymous terms nitroxyl radicals and nitroxides erroneously suggest the presence of a nitro group.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


monovalent inorganic cation

An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.


divalent inorganic cation

An inorganic cation with a valency of two.


p-block molecular entity

A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.


chalcogen molecular entity

Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.


lead ion

A lead atom having a net electric charge.


acyl group

An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.


carboacyl group

A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.


divalent carboacyl group

A divalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from two carboxy groups of a polycarboxylic acid.


gas molecular entity

Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).


IgA nephropathy, susceptibility to

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An inherited susceptibility or predisposition to developing IgA glomerulonephritis.


phosphorus-32 atom

The radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days.


oxygen-16 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.994914. The most abundant (99.76 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


oxygen-15 atom

The radioactive isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.003065. The longest-lived oxygen radionuclide with half-life of 122.2 s.


iodine-127 atom

The stable isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 126.904468, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


iodine-129 atom

The isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 128.904988, and nuclear spin 7/2.


phosphorus-31 atom

The stable isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 30.973762 and nuclear spin (1)/2.


ion

A molecular entity having a net electric charge.


monovalent inorganic anion

Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.


anion

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.


nickel ion

A nickel atom having a net electric charge.


polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of more than one atom.


divalent inorganic anion

Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.


name: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to, 1


name: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to, 2


name: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to, X-linked


name: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to, 3


name: migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to

description: An inherited susceptibility or predisposition to developing migraines with or without aura.


inherited disease susceptibility

description: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.


name: asthma, aspirin-induced, susceptibility to


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 3


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 4


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 5

description: Any inherited susceptibility to asthma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the IRAK3 gene.


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 2

description: Any inherited susceptibility to asthma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the NPSR1 gene.


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 1

description: Any inherited susceptibility to asthma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTGDR gene.


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 7

description: Any inherited susceptibility to asthma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CHI3L1 gene.


name: asthma-related traits, susceptibility to, 6


aluminium-28 atom

The radioactive isotope of aluminium with relative atomic mass 27.981910 and half-life of 2.25 min.


metal atom

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


macrocycle

A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.


chemical entity

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


chemical substance

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.


heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.


polyatomic entity

Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


atom

A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.


ring assembly

Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.


pnictogen

Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


mancude ring

Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds.


p-block element atom

Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.


group

A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


organic group

Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.


chalcogen

Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


main group element atom

An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


molecular entity

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.


aluminium-26 atom

The radioactive isotope of aluminium with relative atomic mass 25.986892 and half-life of 717,000 years.


disease susceptibility

description: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.