name: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: An adenocarcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


name: Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with mild atypia and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio forming thin trabecular patterns.  It is usually associated with small tumors and an early stage.


Childhood Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: A fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Stage III Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant pleomorphic cells forming solid patterns.


Recurrent Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of fibrolamellar carcinoma after a period of remission.


description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following alcohol-induced injury of the liver parenchyma.


name: Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells which show marked variation in their size and shape. Bizarre mononuclear or multinucleated giant cells are often present.


name: Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

description: A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A low grade, well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It lacks obvious stromal invasion and significant atypia.


name: Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


description: A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


name: Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Rectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the rectum and has spread to the liver.


name: Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIC Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


name: Stage II Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to hepatocellular carcinoma that presents as a single tumor with the largest diameter measuring 2 cm or less. The liver function is well-preserved and there is no vascular invasion or metastasis. (Barcelona Liver Cancer Classification).


description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of steatohepatitis features, including macrovesicular steatosis, fibrosis, ballooning of malignant hepatocytes, Mallory bodies, and inflammation.


name: Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


name: Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 4.


(S)-idazoxan

An idazoxan that has S configuration.


abiraterone

A 3beta-sterol that is androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol substituted at position 17 by a 3-pyridyl group. Administered as the O-acetate, it is used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.


iron trichloride hexahydrate

A hydrate that is the hexahydrate form of iron trichloride.


prednisolone succinate

A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns.


BETHANECHOL CHLORIDE

The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.


(S)-bethanechol chloride

The (S)-enantiomer of bethanechol chloride.


name: 18,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 18,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)cholecalciferol


name: 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/ 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


name: (6R)-vitamin D2 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct / (6R)-ergocalciferol 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


name: 24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 / 24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorcholecalciferol


name: 24-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 / 24-fluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


name: 2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: (20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homovitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homocholecalciferol


name: (6R)-vitamin D3 6,19-(4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) adduct


name: (24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-dihydroxy-6,19-dihydrovitamin D3 / (24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-di hydroxy-6,19-dihydrocholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azavitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azaergocalciferol


name: (24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: (23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylvitamin D3 / (23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylcholecalciferol


name: 25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrovitamin D3 / 25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrocholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxocholecalciferol


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)cholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / 1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanocholecalciferol


1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


18-acetoxy-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxacholecalciferol


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


name: (25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha-Hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epivitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epiergocalciferol


name: (23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrovitamin D3 / (23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrocholecalciferol


name: (23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol / (23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


vitamin D5

A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


name: (10e)-19-(3-carboxylpropyl)vitamin d3 / (10e)-19-(3-carboxylpropyl)cholecalciferol


name: (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxyvitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxacholecalciferol


name: (24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / (24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


name: (24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiacholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


name: (24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxacholecalciferol


A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


name: 26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 / 26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol


calcidiol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxycholecalciferol


name: (24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Spleen

description: Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma


LATRUNCULIN A

A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.


thiacloprid-amide

A monochloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine substituted by a [2-(carbamoylimino)-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]methyl group at position 5. It is a metabolite of the insecticide thiacloprid.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione bearing an additional (4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene substituent at position 5.


name: 3-[4-oxo-5-(phenylmethylene)-2-sulfanylidene-3-thiazolidinyl]propanoic acid butyl ester


A thiazolidinone that is 1,2-thiazolidin-3-one bearing an amino substituent at position 4.


optovin

A member of the class of thiazolidinone that is rhodanine in which the two methylene hydrogens have been replaced by a 2,5-dimethyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methylidene group. A TRPA1 ligand that can be reversibly photoactivated.


pyochelin

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4R)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl group. A siderophore that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine) as a mixture of two easily interconvertible diastereoisomers, pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor). The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


A thiazolidinone that is 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone which is substituted at position 3 by a (m--trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and at position 5 by a p-carboxybenzylidene group. It is an inhibitor of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene.


A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chloro-oxindole in which the methylene hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by an N-(2-carboxyethyl)rhodanin-5-ylidene group.


YERSINIABACTIN

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is (4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a (1S)-1-hydroxy-1-{(4R)-2-[(4R)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-yl}-2-methylpropan-2-yl group. A siderophore found in the gram-negative bacterium species, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis.


flutianil

A member of the class of thiazolidines that is N-(o-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine which is substituted at position 2 by a methylene group, the hydrogens of which are replaced by cyano and [2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfanediyl groups; the double bond conjugated to the cyano group has Z configuration. A fungicide intended for use on horticultural crops including strawberries and grapevines.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethyl and 3-(1-phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)benzylidene groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of protein mannosyl transferase 1 (PMT1) and blocks protein O-mannosylation.


A thiazolidinone that is the 5-{[4-(pyridin-4-yl)quinolin-6-yl]methylene} derivative of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione. A PI3K inhibitor


THIAZOLIDINEDIONE

A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.


pyochelin II

A pyochelin that has S-stereochemistry at the thioaminal centre; the diastereoisomer with R-stereochemistry at this centre is pyochelin I. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a mixture of pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin I (minor) via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine. The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin I and II, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


ciglitazone

An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.


1,3-Thiazolidine substituted with methyl groups at C-2, -5 and -5 and with a carboxy group at C-4, representing the thiazolidine ring of a generalised penicillin structure.


LERIGLITAZONE

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is the hydroxy derivative of pioglitazone.


A trimethyl-substituted thiazolidine carboxylic acid derived by cleavage of and loss of C=O from the azetidine ring of penicillanic acid.


A  thiazolidinecarboxamide that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxamide substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


pyochelin I

A pyochelin that has R-stereochemistry at the thioaminal centre; the diastereoisomer with S-stereochemistry at this centre is pyochelin II. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a mixture of pyochelin I (major) and pyochelin II (minor) via condensation of salicylic acid and two molecules of cysteine. The enantiomeric compounds, enant-pyochelin I and II, are produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.


LATRUNCULIN B

A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.


lugdunin

A thiazolidine-containing homodetic cyclic peptide that is isolated from human nasal bacteria. Exhibits bactericidal activity against many major pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


THIACLOPRID

The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


benzylpenicilloic acid

A penicilloic acid where the side-chain N-acyl group is specified as phenylacetyl.


benzylpenicilloyl-cysteine

A compound obtained from nucleophilic cleavage of the beta-lactam ring of benzylpenicillin by the amino group of L-cysteine.


A thiazolidinone that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one substituted by 3-{[3-(morpholin-4-yl)propyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl and 4-ethylbenzylidene groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a ferroptosis inducer.


rhodanine 3-acetic acid derivative

Any thiazolidinone that is derived from rhodanine 3-acetic acid.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one which is substituted at position 5 by a (4-ethylphenyl)methylidene group. It is a cell permeable inhibitor of c-Myc-Max dimerization and exhibits antitumour effects in vivo. It downregulates c-Myc expression and upregulates CDK inhibitors, p21 and p27 resulting in the inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase.


thiacloprid

A  nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.


penicilloic acid

A thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid obtained via hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of a penicillin.


A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 1,1-dioxo-2,3-diphenyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one bearing an additional (4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene substituent at position 5.


epalrestat

A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.


A mononitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by a nitro group.


PENTAMETHONIUM BROMIDE

The bromide salt of pentamethonium. It is a ganglion blocker and exhibits antihypertensive activity.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


(S)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


FENPICLONIL

A member of the class of pyrroles carrying cyano and 2,3-dichlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. A fungicide used mainly to control seed-borne pathogens in cereal crops.


(S)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(R)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


tienilic acid

An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.


clonidine

A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


(S)-miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


A member of the class of indolones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one which is substituted by a (2,6-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl group at position 5 and by a (1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group at position 2, the pyrrole ring of which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5, and by a [2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl group at position 4 (the Z,R isomer).


ARASERTACONAZOLE

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole and is used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug.


(R)-MICONAZOLE

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


(R)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(S)-sertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of sertaconazole.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-hydroxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by hydroxymethyl and methyl groups, respectively.


A 4alpha-hydroxymethyl steroid that is 5-alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol in which the alpha-hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by methyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.


A 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methylsteroid that is 14-demethyllanosterol in which the methyl group at the 4beta position has been oxidised to the corresponding hydroxymethyl group.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


THIFENSULFURON-METHYL

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of thifensulfuron with methanol. It is used  as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds.


QUINAZOLINE

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


thifensulfuron

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 2-carboxythiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. The corresponding methyl ester, known as thifensulfuron-methyl, is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds.


guanyl ribonucleotide

A purine ribonucleotide where the purine is guanine.


purine ribonucleotide

Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


adenyl ribonucleotide

A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine.


ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate

A ribonucleoside monophosphate in which the phosphate group is at the ribosyl 3-position.


(R)-lipoyl-AMP

A lipoyl-AMP in which the lipoyl moiety has (R)-configuration.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hereditary Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of colon carcinoma.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Serrated Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


name: Adenoma of the Colon with Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: An intramucosal malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate in a colonic adenoma.  There is no evidence of submucosal invasion.


Unresectable Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Childhood Rectal Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the rectum that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b.  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of rectosigmoid carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Metastatic Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises in the colon or rectum that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IVC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Early Stage Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to colorectal carcinoma that is limited to the colon/rectum or local lymph nodes, without metastasis to distant anatomic sites.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Unresectable Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A rare colorectal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Grade 1 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Refractory Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Colon Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colonic glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa but not the submucosa.


name: Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


name: Colorectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Refractory Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: Colon adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Rectosigmoid Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid area characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin.  Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections.  Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


name: Stage 0 Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a.  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage Group III is subdivided into IIIA (T1-2, N1, M0), IIIB (T3-4, N1, M0) or IIIC (any T, N2 M0).  T1: Tumor invades the submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Grade 1 Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Carcinoma of sigmoid colon

description: A carcinoma that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage Group II is subdivided into IIA and IIB on the basis of whether the primary tumor is T3 or T4, respectively.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Locally Advanced Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: Colon adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


name: Colorectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


name: Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage 0 Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum.  Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Stage II Colon Cancer

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Rectum

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the rectum from another anatomic site.


Refractory Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Rectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colon Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Unresectable Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease.


Colon Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage III Colon Cancer

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the rectum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis.  Such carcinomas are usually multiple and flat.  Histologically, they are usually mucinous or signet-ring cell type.


Grade 2 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hypermutated Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma characterized by a high mutational rate caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency or POLE/POLD1 driver mutations.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Distal Colon Carcinoma

description: A colon carcinoma that arises from the splenic flexure, descending colon, or sigmoid colon.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Colorectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Colon Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colorectal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Grade 1 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Recurrent Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of colorectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Colon Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Proximal Colon Carcinoma

description: A colon carcinoma that arises from cecum, ascending colon, or hepatic flexure.


Rectosigmoid Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin.  These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon recurrent

description: The reemergence of colon adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Crohn Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of Crohn disease.


Adenocarcinoma of colon metastatic

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectal Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


name: Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Rectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin pools that contain malignant glandular epithelial structures.  The extracellular mucin pools occupy more than 50% of the malignant lesion.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Appendiceal carcinomas, anal carcinomas, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are not covered by this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

description: A biphasic colorectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to large intestine

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the large intestine.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Refractory Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colorectal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon or rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Colon cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of colon carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Colon Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Rectum

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Stage II Rectal Cancer

description: Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Rectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


name: Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Grade 3 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Microsatellite Stable Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Oligometastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


name: Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Adenoma-Like Adenocarcinoma

description: A well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. It resembles a villous adenoma on the surface.


name: Stage I Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


description: A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of rectum

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the rectum.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.  Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits.  According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectosigmoid adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated.  Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Advanced Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


name: Rectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Refractory Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Grade 3 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


name: Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Rectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Colorectal Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colorectal mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Rectal Epithelioid Cell Melanoma

description: An epithelioid cell melanoma arising from the rectum.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Colon

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


name: Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


victoria blue B

An iminium salt composed of 4-{(4-anilinonaphthalen-1-yl)[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.


oxathiolane

Any five-membered oxacycle that also contains a sulfur atom.


A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.


An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-7,22-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 and an epoxy group across positions 5 and 6 (the 3beta,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus as well as Penicillium commune.


A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 17alpha-estradiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 17 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


(S)-salsolinol

A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.


cardenolide

A steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a butenolide ring at C-17.


oleandrin

A steroid saponin that consists of oleandrigenin having a 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue attached to the oxygen function at position 3.


ELAEODENDROSIDE V

A cardenolide glycoside that is sarmentologenin glycosylated at position 3 by a beta-allosyl-(1->4)-beta-6-deoxyallosyl moiety. Isolated from Elaeodendron alluaudianum, it exhibits antiproliferative activity against human ovarian cancer and human histiocytic lymphoma cell lines.


cardenolide glycoside

Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.


tanghinigenin

A member of the class of  cardenolides that is 7,8-epoxycard-20(22)-enolide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 14 (the 3beta,5beta,7beta stereoisomer).


SARMENTOGENIN

A member of the class of cardenolides that is 5beta-card-20(22)-enolide which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 11alpha, and 14beta positions.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is ecdysone in which the hydroxy group at position 25 is replaced by a hydrogen.


A cholestanoid that is cholestanol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and has R-configuration at position 25.


3-hydroxyisobutyric acid

A 4-carbon, branched hydroxy fatty acid and intermediate in the metabolism of valine.


The 5alpha-stereoisomer of  4,5-dihydrocortisone.


N-acylserotonin

A fatty amide resulting from the condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with the primary amino group of serotonin.


An androstanoid with a 5beta-configuration formed by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond of epitestosterone.


hydroxyindoles

Any member of the class of  indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.


dihydroxyindole

Any member of the class of  hydroxyindoles carrying two hydroxy groups.


VIOLACEIN

A member of the class of hydroxyindoles resulting from the formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration. It is a purple chromobacterial pigment that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoan, and anticancer properties.


deoxyviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3-hydroxyindol-3-yl group at at position 5 by an indol-3-yl group.


violaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3-hydroxyindol-3-yl group at at position 5 by a 5-hydroxyindol-3-yl group.


proviolacein

A hydroxyindole that is 2H-pyrrol-2-one which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by 1H-indol-3-yl and 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl groups, respectively. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the purple chromobacterial pigment violacein from L-tryptophan.


protoviolaceinic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at at position 5 by a 5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group.


WITHALONGOLIDE H

A  withanolide saponin that consists of withaferin A attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


6-carboxyrhodamine 6G

A rhodamine 6G compound having a carboxy substituent in the 6-position.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


mitomycin

A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.


onium betaine

Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


O-acetylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having acetyl as the acyl substituent.


saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R is a saturated fatty acyl chain.


O-valeroylcarnitine

A C5-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is valeroyl.


octenoyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a octenoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the position of the double bond is unspecified.


O-nonanoyl-L-carnitine

The L-enantiomer of  O-nonanoylcarnitine.


THIAMIN DIPHOSPHATE

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from the deprotonation of one of the hydroxy groups of the terminal phosphate group.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 5 carbon atoms.


O-pimelylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is pimelyl.


O-octadecadienoyl-L-carnitine

An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a octadecadienoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the positions of the two double bonds are unspecified.


O-acylcarnitine

Any carboxylic ester obtained by the O-acylation of carnitine.


polyunsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

Any fatty acyl-L-carnitine where the fatty acid has 2 or more unsaturations. Major species at pH 7.3


thiaminium carboxylate betaine

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) carboxylic acid arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group.


amino-acid betaine

Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms.


fatty acyl-L-carnitine

Any O-acylcarnitine in which the carnitine component has L-configuration and the acyl group is a fatty acid.


CARNITINE

An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4.


O-hexanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having hexanoyl as the acyl substituent.


methyl-branched fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R group is a methyl-branched fatty acyl chain.


monounsaturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the R is a monounsaturated fatty acyl chain.


O-dodecanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having dodecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


O-decanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.


O-decenoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group is specified as decenoyl (position of double bond not specified).


thiamine(1+) triphosphate(1-)

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) triphosphate arising from the deptoronation of one of the hydroxy groups of the terminal phosphate group.


An optically active form of O-2-methylbutyrylcarnitine having (R)-configuration.


O-hexadecenoylcarnitine

An  O-acylcarnitine having a hexadecenoyl group with an unspecified double bond as the acyl substituent.


thiamine(1+) monophosphate(1-)

An ammonium betaine that is the conjugate base of thiamine(1+) monophosphate arising from the deprotonation of one of the phosphate hydroxy groups.


O-octadecadienoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is octadecadienoyl.


O-acyl-L-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine in which the carnitine component has L-configuration.


O-octanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having octanoyl as the acyl substituent.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 4 carbon atoms.


O-isobutyrylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having isobutyryl as the acyl substituent.


O-tiglylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having trans-2-methyl-2-butenoyl (tiglyl) as the acyl substituent.


Propionyl-Carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent.


ammonium betaine

Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom.


O-tetradecanoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having tetradecanoyl (myristoyl) as the acyl substituent.


Any O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group contains a total of 9 carbon atoms.


Butyryl-carnitine

A C4-acylcarnitine  that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.


isovaleryl-L-carnitine

An O-isovalerylcarnitine that is the 3-methylbutanoyl (isovaleryl) derivative of L-carnitine.


Palmitoyl-carnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) as the acyl substituent.


omega-carboxyacyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.


glutaryl-CoAs

Any  omega-carboxyacyl-CoA in which the acyl group specified is glutaryl or its substituted derivative.


An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.


B-Cell Malignant Neoplasm

description: A clonal lymphoproliferative disorder composed of neoplastic B-cells. It includes B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, B-cell leukemias, and plasma cell myeloma.


name: Multiple Myeloma with MAF Family Translocation

description: Multiple myeloma characterized by the presence of a translocation involving a MAF family gene.


DS Stage IA Multiple Myeloma

description: Durie/Salmon stage I multiple myeloma associated with a relatively normal renal function (serum creatinine concentration < 2.0 mg/dL).


Leptomeningeal myelomatosis

description: A central nervous system multiple myeloma involving the leptomeninges.


Plasma cell myeloma recurrent

description: The reemergence of multiple myeloma after a period of remission.


DS Stage IIIB Multiple Myeloma

description: Durie/Salmon stage III multiple myeloma associated with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL).


name: Multiple Myeloma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Multiple myelomas characterized by the absence of recurrent genetic abnormalities.


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Central Nervous System

description: Multiple myeloma involving the central nervous system. It manifests with single or multiple intraparenchymal lesions and/or leptomeningeal involvement. Patients present with diffuse cerebral dysfunction and nerve paralysis. The prognosis is poor.


name: Multiple Myeloma Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A lymphoproliferative disorder that develops following an organ transplantation and exhibits multiple myeloma features.


name: Multiple Myeloma with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

description: Multiple myelomas characterized by the presence of recurring cytogenetic abnormalities.


name: Multiple Myeloma with CCND Family Translocation

description: Multiple myeloma characterized by the presence of a translocation involving a CCND family gene.


RISS Stage I Multiple Myeloma

description: Serum beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 mg/L and serum albumin 3.5 g/dL or more and no high-risk cytogenetics and normal LDH. High risk cytogenetics consist of one or more of the following: del17p, t(4;14), or t(14;16). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


DS Stage IIB Multiple Myeloma

description: Durie/Salmon stage II multiple myeloma associated with abnormal renal function (serum creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL).


name: Extramedullary Disease in Plasma Cell Myeloma

description: Infiltration of organs and soft tissues by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma. Skin, liver, lymph nodes, pleura, and central nervous system are the most frequently affected sites.


DS Stage IIA Multiple Myeloma

description: Durie/Salmon stage II multiple myeloma associated with a relatively normal renal function (serum creatinine concentration < 2.0 mg/dL).


Plasma cell myeloma refractory

description: Multiple myeloma that is resistant to treatment.


DS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma

description: Multiple myeloma that fits in neither stage I nor stage III.  Estimated myeloma cell mass: 0.6 to 1.2 trillion (1012)/m2 (intermediate burden).  The following subclassification of stages is used: a. Creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL, b. Creatinine greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dL.  Impaired renal function worsens prognosis regardless of stage.  Note that the newer International Staging System defines stage II quite differently: Beta-2-microglobulin less than 3.5 and albumin less than 3.5 or beta-2-microglobulin 3.5 to less than 5.5 (median survival of 44 months).  (PDQ)


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Uterine Corpus

description: Infiltration of the uterine corpus by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma.


Multiple Myeloma with t(11;14)(q13;q32)

description: Multiple myeloma characterized by the presence of t(11;14)(q13;q32). It is the most common immunoglobulin heavy chain translocation found in multiple myeloma and results in CCND1 overexpression.


RISS Stage II Multiple Myeloma

description: Not stage I or III. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Multiple Myeloma by ISS Stage

description: A header term that refers to the staging of multiple myeloma according to the International Staging System.


Multiple Myeloma by RISS Stage

description: A staging system for multiple myeloma based on the Revised International Staging System (RISS) criteria. This staging system does not apply to smoldering multiple myeloma (no AJCC staging system), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (no AJCC staging system), and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


ISS Stage II Plasma Cell Myeloma

description: Multiple myeloma with blood levels of beta-2-microglobulin between 3.5 and 5.5 mg/L.


name: Multiple Myeloma with NSD2 Translocation

description: Multiple myeloma characterized by the presence of a translocation involving the NSD2 gene.