oxylipin

Any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


selenocysteine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.


D-isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


name: 2-[(2-methoxy-1-oxoethyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


hydroxypregnenolone

A C21-steroid that is pregnenolone in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


aldehydic acid

A monocarboxylic acid derived from any dicarboxylic acid that has a retained name by the formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups to a formyl group. The resulting structure, also known as a semialdehyde, may be named by replacing the ending '...ic acid' of the retained name of the dicarboxylic acid by the ending '...aldehydic acid'. Aldehydic acids therefore contain one carboxy group and one aldehyde group.


citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


octacarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing eight carboxy groups.


2-arylpropionic acid

A class of carboxylic acids of general formula RCHCH3C(=O)OH where R represents an aryl group.


histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


2-oxo aldehyde

Any aldehyde having an oxo substituent at the 2-position.


N-acylglycine 18:1

An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A steroid acid resulting from stereoselective oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of 4beta-hydroxycholesterol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is pregnenolone with a double bond between positions 16 and 17.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying formyl and methyl substituents at position 4.


muconic semialdehyde

An aldehydic acid derived obtained by conversion of one of the carboxy groups of any muconic acid to the corresponding aldehyde.


WITHANOLIDE D

A  withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 22 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


WITHALONGOLIDESAPONIN

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


2-hydroxy-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid

A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


withalongolide A

A withanolide that is withaferin A substituted by a hydroxy group at position 19. Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits antineoplastic activitiy.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


2-oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent.


(S)-4-hydroxymandelic acid

A 4-hydroxymandelic acid that has S-configuration.


propanones

A ketone that is propane carrying at least one oxo substituent.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by formyl and methyl groups, respectively.


depsidones

Any  organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a tricyclic diphenyl ether lactone system and its substituted derivatives thereof.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.


alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R-CH2-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is attached to a CH2 group at the alpha-position.


methylbutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying a methyl substituent at an unspecified position.


cyanoamino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid modified by the addition of a cyano group.


HPODE

Hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells by peroxidation of linoleic acid.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum saundersiae and Galtonia candicans and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-lysine with glucose.


onosmin A

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a 4-methylbenzyl group. Isolated from Onosma hispida, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase.


1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.


(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol ester

A sterol ester consiting of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol esterified at the 3-hydroxy group.


2-aminoadipic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.


2,3-dihydrowithaferin A

A withanolide that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of withaferin A. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


A 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde that has R-configuration.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


fatty acid 20:1

Any monounsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 1 double bond.


tricarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.


name: dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

description: A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


CIS-UROCANIC ACID

A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has Z configuration.


name: 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]ethylideneamino] ester


amino aldehyde

Any aldehyde which contains an amino group.


A  non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted by two alkyl groups at position 2.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


docosahexaenoic acid

Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.


4-amino-2-chlorobenzoic acid

4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine.


2-aminoheptanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is heptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.


thiencarbazone

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 4-carboxy-2-methylthiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide, thiencarbazone-methyl.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


branched-chain keto acid

An oxo carboxylic acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents. Derivatives formed from the first step in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and can provide important information on animal health and disease.


(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon at position 2 has (S)-configuration.


penicillamine

An optically active form of penicillamine having D-configuration. Pharmaceutical form (L-form is toxic) of chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


A 9(10)-EpOME in which the epoxide has 9R,10S stereochemistry.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


omega-oxo fatty acid

Any oxo fatty acid in which the oxo group is located at the omega-position.


A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


sulfoacrylate

Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


ynal

An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C#C triple bond at the alpha,beta position.


name: erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

description: An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


otophylloside B

A steroid saponin that is 17alpha-pregnenolone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8, 12beta, 14beta and 17beta, in which the 14beta-hydrocy group has been acylated by formal condensation with the carboxy group of (2E)-3,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid, and in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been glycosylated with 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranos. A C-21 steroidal glycoside, it is the essential active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingyangshen, isolated from Cynanchum otophyllum and used to treat epilepsy and rheumatic pain.


2-methylbut-2-enoic acid

A branched-chain fatty acid consisting of 2-butenoic acid having a methyl group at position 2.


(2S,3S)-2-methylcitric acid

The (2S,3S)-diastereomer of 2-methylcitric acid.


hexadecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


A 20-oxo steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7beta-position.


formate ester

An ester of formic acid.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


4-oxo-4-(2-thienyl)butyric acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and 2-thienyl groups at position 4.


leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


epoxyoctadecenoic acid

An epoxy fatty acid obtained by formal epoxidation of one of the double bonds of any octadecadienoic acid.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


name: 4-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-2-[[1-oxo-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


alpha-aminobutyric acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


PHYSALIN G

A physalin with antimalarial activity isolated from Physalis angulata.


A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 7.


saroglitazar

A monocarboxylic acid that is (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens of the p-ethoxy substituent has been replaced by the nitrogen of 2-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1H-pyrrole. An agonist at the subtypes alpha and gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with predominant PPARalpha activity, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


naphthaldehyde

An aldehyde in which the organyl group is a naphthyl group.


butynal

An aldehyde that is butanal consisting of a triple bond at unspecified position.


halo fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying at least one halo substituent.


(-)-marinopyrrole B

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by a bromo group at position 3, four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.


name: 2-[[(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


name: 3-[5-[oxo-(3-pyridinylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


name: 2-[(1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


roxithromycin

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


very long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


cholesteryl icosatetraenoate

A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


4-nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid with a nitro substituent at position 4.


An oxysterol that is 7-ketocholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 26 and has R-configuration at position 25.


fatty acid 18:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 4 double bonds.


DIHYDROLIPOIC ACID

The (R)-enantiomer and bioactive form of dihydrolipoic acid.


hexonic acid

Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group.


dodecanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


fluoroalkanoic acid

Any organofluorine compound that is the perfluorinated derivative of any alkanoic acid.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


hydroxylysine

A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.


quinic acid

A cyclitol carboxylic acid.


4-(2-thienyl)butyric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 2-thienyl group at position 4.


fatty acid 22:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 5 double bonds.


decarboxysuprofen

A thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-ethylbenzoyl group.


glycolaldehydes

An aldehyde derived from a glycol by reduction of one of the hydroxy groups.


dioxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid containing two ketonic or aldehydic oxo groups.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


fatty acid 22:6

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


ORNITHINE aKETOGLUTARATE

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde

An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid substituted at position 5 by a (1-methoxy-2-methylindolizin-3-yl)carbonyl group.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


Se-methylselenocysteine

An alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain.


octanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is octanoic acid (caprylic acid).


N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid

An non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid in which the amino group bears one or more methyl groups.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


medium-chain fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde with a chain length between C6 and C12.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


name: 2-[[2-[(ethoxycarbonylamino)-oxomethyl]-3-oxobut-1-enyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


name: 5-[2-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-thiophenyl)butan-2-yl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


name: 2-[[[(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]amino]-5-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


name: 3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl] ester


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


DEMECARIUM BROMIDE

The methobromide salt of the N,N'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl carbamate] derivative of 2,13-diazatetradecane. It is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase, with a long duration of action. It is used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma: in the eye, it causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle, facilitating the outflow of the aqueous humor and so reducing intraocular pressure.


2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid

A member of the class of chlorobenzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by amino and chloro groups, respectively.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


lactaldehyde

A member of the class of  propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).


name: Benzoic acid, 4-amino-, 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl ester


lysine

A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by a carboxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum.


25-hydroxy 3-oxocholestane

A 25-hydroxy steroid that is 3-oxocholestane which carries a hydroxy group at position 25.


methoxycinnamic acid

Any cinnamic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents.


name: 8-methylsulfinyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[3,4-g][2,1]benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


(R)-ketorolac

A 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid that has R configuration. Unlike the S-enantiomer, it does not exhibit COX1 and COX2 inhibition, but does exhibit analgesic activity. Racemic ketorolac, known simply as ketorolac, is used (mainly as a tromethamine salt) as a potent analgesic for the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


indoleacetaldehyde

An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde substituted by an indolyl group.


bambuterol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of bambuterol. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


name: 4,5-dimethyl-2-[[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-pyridin-1-iumyl]ethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


long-chain fatty aldehyde

A fatty aldehyde that has a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


typhasterol

A brassinosteroid that is ergostan-6-one bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 22R and 23R.


WITHALONGOLIDE J

A withanolide saponin that consists of 22,26-epoxyergosta-5,24-dien-28-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 19, an oxo group at position 26 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


A glutamine derivative that is glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 4-pregnen-3beta-ol substituted by an oxo group at position 20.


ISOCITRIC ACID

The D-threo-diastereomer of isocitric acid.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.


homoserine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.


An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is but-2-enedioic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-oxoprop-1-enyl group at position 3.


acetyl-L-lysine

An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


FRUTICOSIDE B

A steroid acid that is ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-21-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-pyrrole carrying a carboxy substituent at position 2.


tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


A 3beta-sterol that is (24Z)-stigmasta-7,24(28)-diene which is substituted at the  3beta and 4alpha positions by hydroxy and formyl groups, respectively.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


fatty acid 22:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 4 double bonds.


aminobutanal

Any member of the class of  butanals carrying by at least one amino group on the butanal skeleton.


name: 2-amino-4-(2-furanyl)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


docosadienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 2 double bonds


A steroid glycoside isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines.


oxo fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one aldehydic or ketonic group in addition to the carboxylic acid group.


dialdehyde

Any aldehyde with two aldehyde groups.


10-heptadecenoic acid

A heptadecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position.


3-oxo fatty acid

Any oxo fatty acid in which an oxo substituent is located at position 3.


4-hydroxybenzoate ester

A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.


diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of  anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.


A brassinosteroid that is castasterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 26.


dicarboxylic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 22 carbons in total and 2 double bonds.


3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


butanone

Any  ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


hydroperoxy fatty acid

Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z  geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.


WITHALONGOLIDE M

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


Any 3beta-hydroxy steroid which is substituted at the 4alpha and 4beta positions by methyl and formyl groups, respectively.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


branched-chain amino acid

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


A hydroxamic acid that is N-methylpyrrole which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by 3-(hydroxyamino)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl and 3-(m-fluorophenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl groups, respectively. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of class II (IIa) histone deacetylase (HDAC II).


2,4-diaminobutyric acid

A diamino acid that is butyric acid in which a hydrogen at position 2 and a hydrogen at position 4 are replaced by amino groups.


(R)-hydratropic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of hydratropic acid.


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


3-AMINOBENZOIC ACID

An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.


tetradecanoate ester

A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (also known as myristic acid) with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an oxo group at position 7.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


name: 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [[amino-(2-methylphenyl)methylidene]amino] ester


N-(fatty acyl)-L-alpha-amino acid

An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any L-amino acid.


butanals

An aldehyde based on a butanal skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


AROXYBUTYNIN

A 4-(diethylamino)but-2-yn-1-ol that has R configuration. It is responsible for virtually all of the antimuscarinic activity of (racemic) oxybutynin.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


trans-2,3-unsaturated fatty aldehyde

A fatty aldehyde with a trans-double bond at carbon 2.


20-HYDROXYTUBOCAPSANOLIDE A

A withanolide that is the 20-hydroxy derivative of tubocapsanolide A. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


An N-substituted pyrraline that is pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the pyrrole nitrogen has been replaced by a butyl group.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


naproxcinod

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of naproxen with the hydroxy group of 4-(nitrooxy)butanol. A cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donator that is metabolised to naproxen and a nitric oxide donating moiety, effective in treatment of osteoarthritis.


A pyrrole carrying a formyl substituent at the 2-position.


cacibiocin B

A derivative of cacibiocin A where the hydrogen atoms in positions 6 and 8 of the coumarin moiety are substituted with chlorine atoms.


thio-fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one SH substituent.


isoceanothic acid

A steroid acid isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


An ergostanoid that is (5alpha)-ergosta-8,24(28)-diene substituted by hydroxy groups a positions 3 and 11 and an oxo group at position 7 (the 3beta,11alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.


hydroxy fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


name: 2-(methanesulfonamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


A steroid acid, the 4-carboxy-4-methyl derivative of zymosterol.


phenylacetic acids

Any monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid or its substituted derivatives.


VISCOSALACTONE B

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 27 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


NOCODAZOLE

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidalole which is substituted at position 2 by a (methoxycarbonyl)amino group and at position 5 by a 2-thienoyl group. It is an antineoplastic agent that exerts its effect by depolymerising microtubules.


An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.


methyl-branched fatty acid

Any branched-chain fatty acid containing methyl branches only.


fatty acid 4:0

Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons.


The (25S)-diastereomer of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al.


heptenedioic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is heptene carrying two carboxy groups.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


A C21-steroid that is  pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


cinnamic acids

Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


pentanone

Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


name: 2-[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid propan-2-yl ester


A hexadecenal that carries a double bond at position 2.


(+)-vernolic acid

An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12S,13R)-configuration.


ZHANKUIC ACID B

A steroid acid that is ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-26-oic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, a methyl group at position 4 and oxo groups at positions 7 and 11 (the 3alpha,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). Isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia camphorata, it exhibits cytotoxic, anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activities.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 22 carbons in total and 1 double bond.


COLESTOLONE

A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.


aconitic acid

A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.


caffeic acid

A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common.


serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


A cholestanoid resulting from the oxidation of (25R)-3beta,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-thienylacetic acid with the amino group of methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate. It is a selective inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs).


coumaric acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group at position 3.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid

A steroid acid resulting from the oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of cholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


methyl-L-glutamic acid

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted with a methyl group.


benzimidazolecarboxylic acid

A member of the class of  benzimidazoles carrying a carboxy group at unspecified position.


isofetamid

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-1-(4-isopropoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-one.


cinnamaldehydes

An  enal based on a cinnamaldehyde skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


surugapyrrole B

A pyrrolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of 1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-aminopropanoic acid. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp.USF-6280 and exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity.


A N-acyl-L-amino acid  that is L-glutamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group is replaced by an acyl group.


fatty aldehyde

An aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of its corresponding fatty acid, having a carbonyl group at one end of the carbon chain.


dihydrochalcones

Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


naphthaldehydes

An  arenecarbaldehyde that is a mono or poly-substituted naphthalene in which at least one of the substituents is a formyl group.


(R)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


imidazolyl carboxylic acid

Any member of the class of imidazoles in which the imidazole ring is substituted by one (or more) carboxy group(s).


CADAVERINE TARTRATE

A tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.


steroid aldehyde

Any steroid substituted by a formyl group.


FOSFONET

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


fatty acid 26:0

A saturated fatty acid containing 26 carbons and 0 double bonds.


octadecenoic acid

Any member of the group of C18 monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain.


retinyl palmitate

A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.


name: 3-amino-5-phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


arenecarbaldehyde

Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety.


N-acetyltyrosine

An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.


pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid

A pyrroledicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are located at positions 2 and 5.


tolfenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


An aldehyde that is thiophene substituted by a formyl group at position 3.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol carrying an additional formyl substituent at position 4alpha.


A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


thyronine

A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.


fatty acid 20:4

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.


name: 4-cyclopropyl-2-[[2-[(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)methylthio]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


hydroxy-L-lysine

A hydroxy-amino acid that is L-lysine substituted by hydroxy groups.


17alpha-hydroxywithanolide D

A withanolide that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of withanolide D. Isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum and Withania somnifera, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


WITHALONGOLIDE N

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


(S)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


epoxy monocarboxylic acid

Monocarboxylic acids containing at least one epoxy group.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


(S)-dihydrolipoic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of dihydrolipoic acid.


D-erythro-isocitric acid

The D-erythro-stereoisomer of isocitric acid.


name: 3-(methylthio)-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-2-benzothiophene-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


benzenedicarboxylic acid

A member of the class of benzoic acids in that consists of benzene substituted by two carboxy groups (A closed class).


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


A steroid acid that is 5alpha-cholest-7-en-26-oic acid that has S configuration at position 25 and is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3alpha position. It is an endogenous ligand for DAF-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans.


aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


glucaric acid

A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.


An oxo seco-steroid that is a meta-cleavage metabolite in the estrogen degradation pathway; an unstable precursor to pyridinestrone acid.


allysine

An alpha-amino acid consisting of lysine having an oxo group in place of the side-chain amino group.


name: 2-[[(4-bromo-1-ethyl-3-pyrazolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-4-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


CARPRONIUM CHLORIDE

The chloride salt of carpronium. It is a hair growth stimulant used for the treatment of alopecia.


(Z)-roxithromycin

A minor geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


An alanine derivative that is D-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 2-thienyl group.


dihalogenated L-tyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative which has two halogeno-substituents on the benzyl moiety.


A steroid glycoside isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against human tumour cell lines.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


(-)-vernolic acid

An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12R,13S)-configuration.


WITHALONGOLIDE L

A steroid saponin that is the monosaccharide derivative of the 19-norwithanolide. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


N-substituted pyrraline

Pyrraline in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an organyl group.


docosatrienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 3 double bonds


An epoxy steroid that is pregnenolone which has an epoxy group whose oxygen is attached to the 16alpha and 17alpha-positions.


name: 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid [3-methyl-1-oxo-1-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)butan-2-yl] ester


A thiophene that is substituted by acetyl and methyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively.


pyrrolecarboxylic acid

Any pyrrole carrying a single carboxylic acid group.


An aldonolactone obtained by formal oxidation of the anomeric position of any aldopyranose.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


4-(5-ethyl-2-thienyl)-4-oxobutyric acid

A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and 5-ethyl-2-thienyl groups at position 4.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


hexadecenal

A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is hexadecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.


omega-6 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


5-nitroanthranilic acid

An aminobenzoic acid in which the the amino group is ortho- to the carboxylic acid group, and which is substituted para- to the amino group by a nitro group.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


chalcones

A ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropenone (benzylideneacetophenone), ArCH=CH(=O)Ar, and its derivatives formed by substitution.


2-aminomuconic acid

The 2-amino derivative of muconic acid.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid with S configuration at C-24.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


A  steroid lactone that is a derivative of ergostanoid, isolated from the culture extract of Aspergillus ochraceus.


An  ergostanoid that is (5alpha)-ergosta-8,24(28)-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 7. It has been isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.


UVARETIN

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is 1,3-diphenylpropan-1-one in which the phenyl group that is bonded to the carbonyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4, an o-hydroxybenzyl group at position 3, and a methoxy group at position 6. A cytotoxic natural product found  particularly in Uvaria acuminata and Uvaria chamae.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


glutamic semialdehyde

An  aldehydic acid derived from the  formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups glutamic acid to a formyl group.


acetophenones

A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH3, and its substituted derivatives.


short-chain fatty acid

An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.


D-dopa

The D-enantiomer of dopa.


(R)-2-hydroxyadipic acid

An adipic acid derivative having a (2R)-hydroxy substituent.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


monounsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.


heptadecenoic acid

Any C17 straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid having one C=C double bond.


2-hexenoic acid

A hexenoic acid having its double bond at position 2.


2-thienylacetic acid

A thiophene compound having a carboxymethyl group at the 2-position.


A 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-formyl-4alpha-methylsteroid resulting from the formal oxidation of the 4beta-hydroxymethyl group of 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol to the corresponding formyl group.


nitrosulindac

A carboxylic ester that is the 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester of sulindac. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which also has anticancer activity.


(-)-marinopyrrole A

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.


A 26-oxo steroid resulting from the oxidation of one of the terminal methyl groups of cholesterol to the corresponding aldehyde.


(25S)-cholestenoic acid

A cholestanoid that is (25S)-cholest-5-en-26-oic acid bearing a 3beta-hydroxy substituent.


name: 2-[[2-furanyl(oxo)methyl]amino]-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


heptenone

Any ketone that ia heptane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.


A pyrrole carrying an acetyl substituent at the 2-position.


A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 3-hydroxy group carries a carboxymethyl substituent.


ketone body

A carbonyl compound produced as a water-soluble byproduct when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. There are three endogenous ketone bodies: acetone, acetoacetic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid; others may be produced as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides.


5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

A pyrrolecarboxylic acid having the carboxy group at the 2-position as well as a hydroxy group at the 5-position.


An undecenal in which the C=C bond is located at the 2-3 position.


finafloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.


lactic acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


medium-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.


WITHALONGOLIDE E

A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 11 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia.


sinapic acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl hydrogens at positions 3, 4, and 5 are replaced by methoxy, hydroxy, and methoxy groups, respectively.


primary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.


carbonyl compound

Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.


A steroid saponin that is 3,16,17-trihydroxycholest-5-en-22-one attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2-O-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 16 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and Galtonia candicans, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 4beta-methylzymosterol in which the 4alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a formyl group.


A quinolone that is 4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one substituted by methyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively (the 4S,7S-stereoisomer). It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and a ferroptosis inducer.


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons in total and 1 double bond.


fatty acid methyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with methanol.


enal

An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


delta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.


scillirosidin

A steroid lactone that is bufanolide bearing hydroxy substituents at the 3beta-, 8- and 14beta-positions, a 6beta-acetoxy group and an aromatised pyrone in place of the tetrahydropyrone moiety at the 17-position.


The R stereoisomer of (E)-4-hydroxynon-2-enal.


fatty acid 18:3

Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.


asparagine

An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.


3-coumaric acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.


D-citramalic acid

The D-enantiomer of citramalic acid.


undecenal

A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is undecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.


aldaric acid

Dicarboxylic acids formed from aldoses by replacement of both terminal groups (CHO and CH2OH) by carboxy groups.


fatty acid ester

A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.


gulonic acid

A hexonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of gulose to a carboxylic acid group.


octadecanoid

Unsaturated C18 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.


hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

A hydroxy-amino acid  that is L-glutamic acid substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Any member of the class of benzaldehydes in which the phenyl ring is substituted by two hydroxy groups.


carboxylic acid

A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.


benzoic acids

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.


A member of the class of pyrroles that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole substituted by a 2-methyl-3-oxodecanoyl group at the nitrogen atom. Isolated from Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium brevicompactum, it exhibits antifungal activity.


2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.


A steroid acid that is 9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(28)-ene-4alpha-carboxylic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 8alpha, and 11alpha positions, by a methyl group at the 4beta position, and by oxo groups at positions 1 and 6. It is a cholesterol and ergosterol synthesis inhibitor isolated from the fungus Sporormiella minima that specifically targets the enzyme, sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate-3-dehydrogenase, encoded by ERG26 in budding yeast, and NSDHL in humans.


(S)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


ketocholestane

Any oxo steroid (or derivative) based on a cholestane skeleton.


icosadienoic acid

A 20-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid having two double bonds at unspecified positions.


ketoaldonic acid

Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group.


hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acid

Any unsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents.


A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.


benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide

Any carbamate fungicide that contains a benzimidazolyl group attached to the nitrogen of the carbamate moiety.


cystathionine

A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.


N-acyl-L-aspartic acid

L-Aspartic acid substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid

An  amino dicarboxylic acid that is L-glutamic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


A sterol ester that is the 3-linoleoyl derivative of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol.


serine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.


indol-3-yl carboxylic acid

Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group.


name: 2-[[acetamido(sulfanylidene)methyl]amino]-5-ethyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.


aliphatic aldehyde

An aldehyde derived from an aliphatic compound


selenocystathionine

A member of the class of cystathionines derived from homoselenocysteine and serine residues joined by a selenide bond.


dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any  hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups.


2-aminopentanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is valeric acid which is substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


L-citramalic acid

The L-enantiomer of citramalic acid.


methoxybenzoic acid

Any benzoic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents.


name: 3-[[cyclopropyl(oxo)methyl]amino]-5-phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester


A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons in total and 2 double bonds.


(2R)-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid

A 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid that has R-configuration.


ketoaldehyde

Any compound that has an aldehydic and ketonic group in the same molecule.


oxalosuccinic acid

A tricarboxylic acid consisting of 2-oxoglutaric acid having a further carboxy group at the 3-position. It is a substrate of the citric acid cycle.


chlorine molecular entity

A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.


(R)-chlorphenesin

The (R)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.


cefotiam dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of cefotiam.


EUFLAVINE

The 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.


yttrium chloride

The inorganic chloride salt of yttrium(III)


bepridil hydrochloride

The hydrochloride of bepridil.


ethyl violet

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of ethyl violet cation. Used for inclusion in mixed dye solutions of the iron resorcin fuchsin type for demonstrating elastic fibres.


rhodamine B 5-isothiocyanate

The 5-isomer of rhodamine B isothiocyanate.


DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine.  A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.


neticonazole hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of neticonazole and hydrogen chloride. An inhibitor of P450-dependent C-14alpha-demethylation of lanosterol (preventing conversion to ergosterol and inhibiting cell wall synthesis in fungi), it is used in Japan as an antifungal drug for the treatment of superficial skin infections.


RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE

An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.


ICR 340

The dihydrochloride salt of ICR 340.


A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.


PD-153035 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining PD-153035 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.


BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of bromhexine and hydrogen chloride. It is used as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


ethylenediamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride that is the dihydrochloride of ethylenediamine.


victoria blue 4R

An iminium salt composed of 4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]{4-[methyl(phenyl)amino]naphthalen-1-yl}methylidene)-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. It binds to nucleic acids and can be used in standardised staining techniques suitable for automated cell-pattern recognition.


The hydrochloride salt of N,N'-(p-xylylidene)bis(aminoguanidine) [ratio HCl : N,N'-(p-xylylidene)bis(aminoguanidine) = 2:1].


(S)-cycrimine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-cycrimine.


ciprofloxacin dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of ciprofloxacin.


(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride and hydrogen chloride.


trichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.


buprenorphine hydrochlorie

The hydrochloride salt of buprenorphine.


alcian yellow

An organic chloride salt composed of {diazenediylbis[(4,1-phenylene)(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2,5-diyl)methylenesulfanediyl]}bis[(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylmethaniminium] and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio.


SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.


chloromethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine.


3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride

An organic chloride salt in which the cationic component is 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium.


DIPHENYLPYRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.


MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of morphine.


STRYCHNINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining strychnine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


DEMECLOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.


EHNA

A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of (2R,3S)-EHNA with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.


CHLORMEQUAT CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt comprising equal numbers of chlormequat and chloride ions. A gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, it is used as a plant growth retardant to produce plants with sturdier, thicker stalks, facilitating the havesting of ornamental flowers and cereal crops.


A hydrochloride salt prepared from N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide and two equivalents of hydrogen chloride.


ETHOPROPAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of profenamine. An antimuscarinic, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.


IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining irinotecan with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used (in the form of its trihydrate) in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. It is converted via hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage to its active metabolite, SN-38, which is ~1000 times more active.


CEFMENOXIME HYDROCHLORIDE

The hemihydrochloride salt of cefmenoxime.


CHLORCYCLOGUANIL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cycloguanil.


chlorohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom.


monochlorobenzenes

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.


TELAVANCIN HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining telavancin and hydrochloric acid. The composition of the compound is telavancin.nHCl where n = 1-3. Used for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.


ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.


name: 2- (2,6-DIMETHOXYPHENOXYETHYL)AMINOMETHYL-1,4-BENZODIOXANE HYDROCHLORIDE (WB 4101)

description: A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.


DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.


nile blue A

An organic chloride salt having 5-amino-9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-7-ium as the couterion. fluorescent dye which is also a potent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.


(S)-cyclopentolate hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-cyclopentolate.


A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chlorooxindole in which the two hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by a (3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group.


TRIMETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt formed by reaction of equimolar amounts of trimethylamine and hydrogen chloride.


BRILLIANT GREEN HYDROCHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.


DACLATASVIR DIHYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining daclatasvir with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. It is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used for treatment of hepatitis C.


TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.


pramipexole hydrochloride anhydrous

A hydrochloride that is the anhydrous dihydrochloride salt of pramipexole.


ROSAMINE

The chloride salt of tetramethylrosamine. Used as a red-orange fluorescent dye.


A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.


BROMODIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of bromazine. An antihistamine with antimicrobial properties, it is used in the control of cutaneous allergies.


TETRAZOLIUM VIOLET

An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium violet(1+) as the counterion.


neutral red

A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.


LEVOBUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of levobupivacaine.


rhodamine B 6-isothiocyanate

The 6-isomer of rhodamine B isothiocyanate.


A macromolecule composed of repeating N-methyl-N-propylpropan-1-aminium chloride units.


NEOPYRROLOMYCIN B

A member of the class of trichlorophenols that is 3,4,5-trichlorophenol substituted by a 2,3,4-trichloro-1H-pyrrolyl moiety at position 2. It is isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces and exbits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogens including variety of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant phenotypes.


RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.


PELARGONIDIN CHLORIDE

An anthocyanidin chloride that has pelargonidin as the cationic counterpart.


garomefrine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of garomefrine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a alpha1A adrenoreceptor agonist which was being developed for the treatment of urinary incontinence (now discontinued).


A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of SIS3 free base with 1 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.


DIETHYLPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of diethylpropion. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.


KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of ketamine.


(S)-bromazine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-bromazine.


APRACLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.


organochlorine pesticide

Any organochlorine compound that has been used as a pesticide.


The hydrochloride salt of L-778,123. It is a dual inhibitor of FPTase and GGPTase-I (IC50 of 2nM and 98nm, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


CARBOL-FUCHSIN

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the minor constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, rosanilin and new fuchsin.


ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of esmolol.  A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery.


BACAMPICILLIN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of bacampicillin.


PYRONIN Y

An organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method.


CONIVAPTAN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of conivaptan. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2, and is used for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).


(R)-betaxolol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-betaxolol.


NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.


anthocyanin chlorides

An organic chloride salt of any anthocyanin.


An organic chloride salt in which the cationic component is 1-{4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl]benzyl}-1-methylpiperidinium.


A hydrochloride salt prepared from N(6)-acetimidoyl-L-lysine and two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. A selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase.


EMETINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.


oxythiamine chloride hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining oxythiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


BENZPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of benzphetamine. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used in the treatment of obesity.


FR901469 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of FR901469 and hydrogen chloride. It is isolated from an unidentified Fungus and exhibits antifungal and antipneumonic activities.


manganese(II) chloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of manganese(II) chloride.


PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of promethazine.


givinostat hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of givinostat.


chloroalkene

A compound derived from an alkene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom.


TILORONE HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of tilorone. It is used as an antiviral drug to treat influenza, herpes infection, viral hepatitis, acute respiratory viral infections and SARS.


LY-310762 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.


tin(II) chloride (anhydrous)

An inorganic chloride that has formula Cl2Sn.


tropisetron hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining equimolar amounts of tropisetron and hydrogen chloride.


biliverdin hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining biliverdin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


cefotiam hexetil dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of cefotiam 1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl ester. It is used as a prodrug for cefotiam.


MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the combination of equimolar amounts of midodrine and hydrogen chloride. Midodrine is a direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity. The hydrochloride salt is used as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.


zirconium tetrachloride

A zirconium coordination entity comprising four chlorine atoms bound to a central zirconium atom.


thionine

An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.


LOMEFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.


PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.


DIMETHENAMID

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dimethenamid. A herbicide, it is applied to the soil for the control of various broad-leaved weeds and grasses. Only the S enantiomer (generally known as dimethenamid-P) is active.


CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.


QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of quinapril and hydrogen chloride. A prodrug for quinaprilat hydrochloride (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


(R)-DRF053 hydrochloride hydrate

A hydrochloride and hydrate of DRF053, an analogue (and more potent version) of roscovitine - it is 2 fold more potent against cyclin dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and >150 times more potent against CDK1. Formula C23H27N7O.xHCl.yH2O.


sodium chloride

An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.


(R)-cycrimine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-cycrimine.


TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE

A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.


GENTIAN VIOLET

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.


heliamine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of heliamine.


AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of aclacinomycin T with an equimolar amount of hydrogen chloride.


METHOCTRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.


cyanin chloride

A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanin cation as the cationic counterpart.


Potent, specific and orally active C5a receptor antagonist


CYCLOBENZAPRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


pyrrolomycin A

A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole which is substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 3 and by a nitro group  position 4. It is the simplest member of the pyrrolomycins, a family of natural products found in several species of the Streptomyces genus. The compound is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some genera of fungi.


spirit blue

A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of spirit blue with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-betaxolol.


Ro 5-3335

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nordazepam in which the phenyl substituent has been replaced by a 1H-pyrrol-2-yl group. It inhibits gene expression in HIV-1 at the transcriptional level through interference with Tat-mediated transactivation.


colesevelam

A polyallylamine cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and 6-bromohexyltrimethylammonium bromide. It is used as its hydrochloride as an orally administered bile acid sequestrant to reduce the amount of cholesterol and certain fatty substances in the blood.


AMN082 dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining N,N'-bis(diphenylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine with two molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


A ruthenium coordination entity consisting of ruthenium(II) chloride bound to three 4,4'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine units.


DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.


1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

An organic chloride salt in which the cationic component is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium.


LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining equimolar amounts of levobunolol and hydrochloric acid. A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used for treatment of glaucoma.


iodine green

An iminium salt composed of (4-{[4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl][4-(trimethylazaniumyl)phenyl]methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(dimethyl)ammonium and chloride ions in a 1:2 ratio. A histological dye used for staining chromatin and amyloid.


(S,S)-tramadol hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of (S,S)-tramadol with 1 molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride; the (S,S)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol hydrochloride, it exhibits ten-fold lower analgesic potency than the (R,R)-enantiomer.


NIMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.


synthalin

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.


METHDILAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of methdilazine.


THIOFLAVIN T

An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.


prinomastat hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of prinomastat and hydrogen chloride. A selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.


COPANLISIB HYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of copanlisib.


NITROBLUE TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt having nitro blue tetrazolium(2+) as the counterion.


KERACYANIN

A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.


(R)-prasugrel hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-prasugrel with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid (the racemic salt is a cardiovascular drug).


pibutidine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of pibutidine. It is a H2 receptor antagonist which was developed for the treatment of peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers. It was in phase III clinical trials in Japan (now discontinued).


PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.


RS 39604 hydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of RS 39604 with hydrochloric acid. A potent and selective 5-HT4 antagonist, with a pKi of 9.1 at 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig striatal membranes and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over 5-HT1A, 2C, 3 and D1, D2, M1, M2, AT1, B1 and alpha1C receptors. The ketone group gives RS 39604 a relatively long half life; it is also orally active and so suitable for in vivo studies.


ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of ancitabine and hydrogen chloride.


PEONIDIN CHLORIDE

An anthocyanidin chloride that has peonidin as the cationic component.


DIPHENOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.


cobalt dichloride

A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.


METHYL AMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.


phenazopyridine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.


CYCLIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt consisting of equimolar amounts of cyclizine and hydrogen chloride.


5-methyltryptamine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of 5-methyltryptamine.


PROCAINAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.


CHOLINE C-11

A quaternary ammonium salt that is the chloride salt of (11)C-choline. An intravenous radioactive diagnostic agent used as a tracer during positron emission tomography scans to help detect sites of recurrent prostate cancer.


chlorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.


ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of erlotinib.


AZURE C

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion.


NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


AMBENONIUM CHLORIDE

A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium salt having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.


TROSPIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.


BENZODODECINIUM CHLORIDE

The organic chloride salt of benzododecinium. It has antiseptic and disinfectant properties, and used as a preservative in eye drop formulations.


safranin O

An organic chloride salt having  3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion.  It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.


organochlorine compound

An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.


azure A

An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining.


vanoxerine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.


methyltrioctylammonium chloride

An organic chloride salt having methyltrioctylammonium as the cation.


acridine red 3B

A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of acridine red 3B with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. Used for staining RNA in conjunction with malachite green.


ent-tamsulosin hydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of ent-tamulosin and hydrogen chloride.


METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.


mefuparib hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of mefuparib. It is a potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor which exhibits strong anticancer activity and also inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture.


(S)-prasugrel hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-prasugrel with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid (the racemic salt is a cardiovascular drug).


ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of anagrelide.


A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH and hydrogen chloride. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.


DIFENOXIN HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of difenoxin. It has similar actions and uses to diphenoxylate hydrochloride, being administered for the symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic diarrhoea. In an attempt to discourage abuse (at high doses, difenoxin acts like morphine), preparations usually contain subclinical amounts of atropine sulfate.


DIBUCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of cinchocaine. It is used in creams, ointments and suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.


CHLOROPROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of chloroprocaine. Used as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery, it has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.


NNC 55-0396 dihydrochloride

The dihydrochloride salt of NNC 55-0396. It is a stable analogue of mibefradil and a highly selective T-type calcium channel blocker.


ORPHENADRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.


(S)-bevantolol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-bevantolol.


A hydrochloride salt having 2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole as the basic component.


CALMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE

The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.


chloroethanol

An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.


The hydrochloride salt of 3',4'-difluoro-N-{4'-fluoro-6-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy][biphenyl]-3-yl}-6-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy][biphenyl]-3-carboxamide. It is a beta-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction inhibitor (Ki = 2.1 muM).


CYCRIMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cycrimine. A central anticholinergic, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the management and treatment of Parkinson's disease.


A semicarbazone obtained by formal condensation of the keto group of N-[(5-acetyl-3-thienyl)methyl]-2-chloroacetamide with the hydrazino group of semicarbazide.


EDROPHONIUM CHLORIDE

The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.


MORICIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.


An organic chloride salt in which the cationic component is 1,3-dimethyl-2-[(2-oxopropyl)thio]imidazolium.


METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of metipranolol. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.


(S,R,R,R)-nebivolol hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


triarathene

A member of the class of thiophenes that is thiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 5 have been replaced by phenyl, phenyl, and p-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. An obsolete acaricide and insecticide that was used to control eriophyoid mites. Not approved for use within the European Union.


(R)-cyclopentolate hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (R)-cyclopentolate.


luteolinidin chloride

An anthocyanidin chloride that has luteolinidin as the cationic counterpart.


BENOXINATE HYDROCHLORIDE

The monohydrochloride salt of oxybuprocaine.


LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.


Hoffman's violet

A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.


SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE

A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.


An aromatic ether that is (2-phenoxyethyl)benzene which carries a 2-(dipropylamino)ethyl group at position 3 and a methoxy group at position 6. It is a potent and selective sigma1 receptor antagonist.


anileridine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and 2 equivalents of hydrogen chloride.


(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(S)-azelastine

The (S)-enantiomer of azelastine.


anthocyanidin chloride

An organic chloride salt of any anthocyanidin.


PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.


NAXAGOLIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of naxagolide.


ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride hydrate salt of ziprasidone.


petunidin chloride

An anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component.


mepiquat chloride

A quaternary ammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of mepiquat cations and chloride anions. A plant growth regulator, it is used in agriculture to reduce vegetative growth including sprout suppression in garlic, leeks and onions.


ethyl green

An iminium salt composed of [4-([4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]{4-[ethyl(dimethyl)azaniumyl]phenyl}methylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene](dimethyl)ammonium, bromide and chloride ions in a 1:1:1 ratio. A histological dye used to demonstrate nucleic acids by the Unna-Pappenheim stain, in conjunction with Pyronin Y.


A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)cyclohexyl]piperidine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R)-tetrindole hydrochloride

A hydrochloride prepared from equimolar amounts of (R)-tetrindole and hydrochloric acid.


spectinomycin dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.


IODONITROTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE

An organic chloride salt having iodonitrotetrazolium as the counterion.


COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of cocaine. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse.


name: N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride

description: A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R)-oleoylcarnitine hydrochloride

A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining (R)-oleoylcarnitine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.


GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A 2'-deoxycytidine hydrochloriode having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine hydrochloride is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.


AMPEROZIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.


chloroethenes

A chloroalkene that is ethene in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine.


An member of the class of phenylureas that is urea having 4-chlorophenyl and 4-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl groups attached at positions 1 and 3 respectively.


PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.


OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining olodaterol with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for long-term treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.


TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM

An organic chloride salt comprising of a tetrabutylammonium cation and chloride anion.


FUCHSIN, BASIC

A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.


OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.


RHODAMINE

An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.


CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE

A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.


A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of xylazine. It is used as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in veterinary medicine.


Celestin blue B

An organic chloride salt composed of 1-carbamoyl-7-(diethylamino)-3,4-dihydroxyphenoxazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A histological dye used in solution with an iron alum mordant as a hematoxylin substitute in the H&E stain.


(S)-chlorphenesin

The (S)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.