name: Closed fracture of malar AND/OR maxillary bones

description: A traumatic break in the malar and maxillary bones  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture Related to Birth

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A broken bone sustained during the birthing process.


name: Closed fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of bone involving growth plate

description: A traumatic break in a long bone that involves the epiphyseal plate.


Lumbar vertebral fracture L2

description: A traumatic break in the second lumbar spinal vertebra.


Upper Extremity Fracture

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in the arm,  forearm, or hand.


Fracture of Humerus Related to Birth

description: A broken humerus sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of phalanx of finger

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the bones in one of the digits of the hand.


name: Open fracture of neck of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in the area of the metacarpal bone located between the diaphysis and the distal metaphysis that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed Colles' fracture

description: An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Spine Related to Birth

description: A broken vertebra sustained during the birthing process.


Fracture of Radius Related to Birth

description: A broken radius sustained during the birthing process.


Colles' Fracture

description: An extra-articular traumatic break in the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.


Fracture of wrist

description: Traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and deformity of wrist.


Open fracture of pelvis

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that involves a break in the adjacent skin..


Fracture of Skull Related to Birth

description: An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the skull.


Limb fracture

description: A traumatic break in one or more bones in a limb.


Open fracture of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Nose Related to Birth

description: A broken nasal bone sustained during the birthing process.


back nerve

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of trunk region

description: A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).


thoracic cavity nerve

description: A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


chest nerve

description: A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


nerve of thoracic segment

description: A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


Parotid Gland Lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the parotid gland.


dichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.


(S)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


(S)-butoconazole

The (S)-enantiomer of butoconazole.


(S)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


isoconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-isoconazole. A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of dermatomycoses.


(R)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


(S)-isoconazole

A 1-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of isoconazole.


(S)-miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


ARASERTACONAZOLE

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the active R-enantiomer of sertaconazole and is used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The racemate itself is also used as a broad-spectrum antifungal drug.


(R)-butaconazole

The (R)-enantiomer of butaconazole.


(R)-MICONAZOLE

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


A salicylanilide derivative with chloride substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-3 and C-4 of the anilide moiety.


(R)-tioconazole

A 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of tioconazole.


(S)-sertaconazole

A 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of sertaconazole.


A pyrazolylpiperidine that consists of 4-(pyrazol-1-yl)piperidine carrying a 2-amino-3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]pyridin-5-yl group at the 4-position of the pyrazole ring.


name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


name: cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle

description: A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition].


name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle

description: A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


Purkinje fiber network

description: A collection of Purkinje fibers that receives signals from the right and left bundle branches and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. The Purkinje fiber network creates synchronized contractions of the heart ventricles.


trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue

description: A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Automatically generated definition].


cardiac muscle of left ventricle

description: A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


right bundle branch

description: The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP].


cardiac muscle of right ventricle

description: A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Automatically generated definition].


His-Purkinje system

description: The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


left bundle branch

description: The left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP].


name: Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


description: A sympathetic paraganglioma arising from the retroperitoneum, outside the adrenal gland.


Childhood Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and occurs during childhood.


Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma

description: A ganglioneuroma arising from the retroperitoneum.


name: Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is composed of oncocytic cells that constitute more than 90% of malignant cells.


name: Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, Any N, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion but not invading adjacent organs. T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organs (kidney, diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, or liver) or large blood vessels (renal vein or vena cava). N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of adrenal cortical carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma is staged according to the classification for adrenal neuroendocrine tumors. There is no AJCC staging system for neuroblastic tumors of the adrenal gland. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adrenal Cortical Oncocytic Adenoma

description: A usually non-functioning variant of adrenal cortex adenoma, composed of large cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


name: Glomerulosa Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic cells with cytologic features of glomerulosa cells.


name: Stage III Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroma

description: A ganglioneuroma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Gland Lipoma

description: A rare lipoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


name: Recurrent Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: The reemergence of pheochromocytoma following surgical removal.


Clear Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic clear cells containing intracytoplasmic lipid droplets.


name: Stage IV Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T3: Tumor of any size with local invasion, but not invading adjacent organs.  T4: Tumor of any size with invasion of adjacent organs.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Retroperitoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the retroperitoneum. This is an extragastrointestinal tumor, meaning that it does not arise directly from the gastrointestinal tract.


Leiomyoma of the adrenal gland

description: A rare leiomyoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Benign neoplasm of retroperitoneum

description: A neoplasm that arises from the retroperitoneum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Benign neoplasm of adrenal cortex

description: A neoplasm that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Childhood Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex that occurs during childhood.


name: Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Hereditary Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: A hereditary adrenal gland pheochromocytoma caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD genes.


Adrenal Cortical Adenomatoid Tumor

description: A benign adrenal cortical neoplasm deriving from mesothelial cells.


name: Locally Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Cortical Myxoid Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular connective tissue mucin.


name: Locally Advanced Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: Adrenal cortical carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Adrenal Gland Lymphangioma

description: A rare lymphangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


name: Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor greater than 5 cm, no extra-adrenal invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adrenal Gland Lymphoma

description: A rare lymphoma that arises from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical Low Grade Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of twenty or less mitoses per ten square millimeters.


name: Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

description: An adrenal gland composite pheochromocytoma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Adrenal Gland Hemangioma

description: A rare hemangioma that arises from the adrenal gland.


name: Superior and Inferior Paraaortic Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located along the aorta, including suprarenal, infrarenal, and renal hilar sites.  In functional tumors, the hypersecretion of catecholamines results in hypertension.


name: Metastatic Carcinoma in the Adrenal Cortex

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the adrenal cortex from an adjacent or distal anatomic site.


name: Androgen-Producing Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces androgens.  Female patients usually have symptoms related to virilism.


name: Unresectable Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: Adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Compact Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of neoplastic compact cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Adrenal Cortical Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

description: An extremely rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the adrenal cortex. The reported cases were solitary and unilateral.


name: Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the adrenal medulla and combines morphologic characteristics of pheochromocytoma and neuroectodermal tumors such as neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, or peripheral nerve sheath tumor.


name: Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Intermixed

description: An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Adrenal Cortical High Grade Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the presence of more than twenty mitoses per ten square millimeters.


name: Stage I Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Advanced Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: An adrenal gland pheochromocytoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adrenal Cortical Melanoma

description: A rare melanoma that arises within the adrenal cortex.


Adrenal Gland Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the adrenal medulla.


Mixed Cell Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex composed of a mixed neoplastic cellular population, including varying numbers of neoplastic clear and compact cells.


name: Stage II Adrenal Cortex Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Adrenal Gland Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

description: A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


Unresectable Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Recurrent Malignant Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant retroperitoneal neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Non-Metastatic Adrenal Gland Composite Pheochromocytoma

description: A composite pheochromocytoma that is confined to the adrenal gland.


Regional Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma

description: A pheochromocytoma that has not spread to other regions.


name: Heavily Pigmented Adrenal Cortical Adenoma

description: A usually functioning adenoma of the adrenal cortex. Grossly, it has a dark brown appearance and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells containing abundant intracytoplasmic lipofuscin. It may be associated with Cushing syndrome.


Recurrent Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of adrenal cortical carcinoma after a period of remission.


Anaplastic adrenocortical carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the adrenal cortex and is characterized by the partial or complete loss of adrenal cortical differentiation.


Refractory Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

description: Adrenal cortical carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: estrogen-producing adrenal cortical adenoma

description: A rare adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces estrogens.  Male patients may develop gynecomastia and impotence.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to adrenal gland

description: A malignant tumor that has spread to the adrenal gland from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.  The majority of cases are metastatic carcinomas, and less frequently lymphomas.


name: cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Examples of this component are found in prokaryotic species.


name: nuclear DNA replication factor C complex

description: A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Complex Karyotype

description: Acute myeloid leukemia associated with at least 3 unrelated clonal chromosomal abnormalities.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

description: The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


Forceps Injury

description: Birth injury sustained during a forceps-assisted delivery.


name: Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


name: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Associated Medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma developing in patients with familiar adenomatous polyposis syndrome.  It is observed in patients with Turcot syndrome, type 2.


Medulloblastoma, SHH-4

description: Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by mutations of U1-snRNA and TERT genes. Mutations of PTCH1 or SMO genes are usually also present. It affects mostly adults.


Sellar Neuroblastoma

description: A rare neuroblastoma arising from the sella turcica.


Refractory Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: Ganglioneuroblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, DICER1-Mutated

description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the presence of DICER1 mutation. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Refractory Dedifferentiated Chordoma

description: A dedifferentiated chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


Childhood Brain Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that arises from the brain during childhood.


Refractory Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


name: Stage M1 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hereditary Neuroblastoma

description: Genetic inheritance of neuroblastoma caused by mutations in the ALK or PHOX2B genes.  Familial neuroblastomas have a higher incidence of multiple primary tumors and are diagnosed at an earlier age.


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A central nervous system ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Stage L1 Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Localized tumor that does not involve any vital structures as defined by the list of IDRFs (i.e., there are no IDRFs) and the tumor must be confined within one body compartment, neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. An intraspinal tumor extension that does not fulfill the criteria for an IDRF is consistent with stage L1. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Advanced Chordoma

description: A chordoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified with Leptomeningeal Spread

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Visual Pathway Medulloepithelioma

description: A very rare, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm affecting the visual pathway during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


name: Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes of the Fourth Ventricle

description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes that arises from the fourth ventricle.


Stage M4 Medulloblastoma

description: Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Stage M3 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Visible metastasis in spine or visible metastasis in cervicomedullary junction. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-TYR

description: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of melanosomal genes (TYR, TYRP, MITF, and OTX2).


name: Stage M3 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2


name: Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Gland and Sympathetic Nervous System

description: A common pediatric extracranial tumor arising from neural crest cells.  It involves the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.


name: Adult Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in adults.


Anaplastic Medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma characterized by marked nuclear pleomorphism, and high mitotic activity.


Paratesticular Wilms Tumor

description: A rare Wilms tumor that arises from the paratesticular structures.


name: Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-SHH

description: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of genes in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway (GLI2, BOC, PTCHD2, and MYCN).


Prostate Wilms Tumor

description: A rare Wilms tumor affecting the prostate gland.


name: Childhood Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor occurring in children.


name: Stage M0 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: No visible disease on imaging (MRI brain and spine) beyond primary site of disease and no tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Localized Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Localized tumor not involving vital structures and confined to one body compartment. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


description: An intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Pineoblastoma miRNA Processing Altered 1

description: Pineoblastoma characterized by alterations in genes involved in miRNA biogenesis (DICER1, DROSHA, and DGCR8). It may manifest as a sporadic tumor or part of DICER1 syndrome. It affects children.


Localized Resectable Neuroblastoma

description: Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is amenable to surgical removal.


name: Refractory Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Recurrent Rhabdoid Tumor

description: The reemergence of rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


Thyroblastoma

description: A high-grade, rapidly growing malignant embryonal neoplasm that arises from the thyroid gland. It is characterized by the presence of primitive follicular-like structures surrounded by primitive small cells and primitive spindle cell mesenchymal stroma. It is associated with DICER1 gene mutations. The prognosis is poor.


Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

description: Reemergence of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma after a period of remission.


name: Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone metastatic

description: A small round cell tumor of the bone with neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Ewing Sarcoma

description: A Ewing sarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage M4 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

description: Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm of embryonal origin, arising from the central nervous system.  It usually affects children.  Representative examples include ependymoblastoma, medulloblastoma, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.


Locally Advanced Ewing Sarcoma

description: Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: Olfactory neuroblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage M1 Pineoblastoma

description: Microscopic tumor cells are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Sellar Dedifferentiated Chordoma

description: A dedifferentiated chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


name: Stage M2 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Stage M0 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Recurrent Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of childhood central nervous system embryonal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Resectable Neuroblastoma

description: Neuroblastoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Brain Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


name: Stage L2 Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Locoregional tumor with one or more IDRFs. The tumor may be ipsilateral contiguous within body compartments (i.e., a left-sided abdominal tumor with left-sided lung, bone or pleura involvement should be considered stage L2). However, a clearly left-sided abdominal tumor with right-sided lung, bone or pleura (or vice-versa) involvement is defined as metastatic disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood neuroblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


High Risk Neuroblastoma

description: Neuroblastoma usually presenting with metastatic disease and MYCN gene amplifications.


name: embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor characterized by the presence of multilayered rosette formation and typically the presence of amplification of the C19MC region on chromosome 19 (19q13.42) or rarely a DICER1 mutation.


name: Peripheral neuroepithelioma of bone recurrent

description: The reemergence of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bone after a period of remission.


Cribriform Neuroepithelial Tumor

description: A very rare, nonrhabdoid, intraventricular tumor with relatively favorable prognosis.  It is characterized by the presence of neuroepithelial cells forming cribriform patterns, trabeculae, epithelial membrane antigen immunopositivity on epithelial surfaces, and loss of nuclear INI 1 expression.


Sellar Chordoma

description: A chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


description: The reemergence of medulloblastoma, WNT-activated after a period of remission.


Stage 3 Neuroblastoma

description: Unresectable unilateral tumor infiltrating across the midline, with or without regional lymph node involvement; or localized unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph node involvement; or midline tumor with bilateral extension by infiltration (unresectable) or by lymph node involvement. The midline is defined as the vertebral column. Tumors originating on one side and crossing the midline must infiltrate to or beyond the opposite side of the vertebral column. (cancer.gov)


name: Refractory Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: An atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Stage 4S neuroblastoma

description: Localized primary tumor, as defined for stage 1, 2A, or 2B, with dissemination limited to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow (limited to infants younger than 1 year). Marrow involvement should be minimal (i.e., <10% of total nucleated cells identified as malignant by bone biopsy or by bone marrow aspirate). More extensive bone marrow involvement would be considered stage 4 disease. The results of the MIBG scan, if performed, should be negative for disease in the bone marrow. (cancer.gov)


name: Metastatic Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Distant metastatic disease (except stage MS). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


name: Localized Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Localized disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Medulloblastoma with Leptomeningeal Spread

description: A medulloblastoma which has spread from its original site to the leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.


Unresectable Rhabdoid Tumor

description: A rhabdoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor that has spread to other more distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, or to lymph nodes outside the abdomen (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Poorly Differentiated Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma in which the differentiating neuroblasts constitute less than five-percent of the tumor cells.


Childhood Ewing Sarcoma

description: A Ewing sarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Skin Ewing Sarcoma

description: A rare Ewing sarcoma that arises from the skin.


name: Recurrent Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: The reemergence of an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


name: Stage M0 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: No visible disease on imaging (MRI brain and spine) beyond primary site of disease and no tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Molecular Subtypes

description: A term that refers to the classification of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors according to their molecular characteristics.


Unresectable Chordoma

description: A chordoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Pineoblastoma, MYC/FOXR2-Activated

description: Pineoblastoma characterized by MYC activation, chromosome 16 losses, and overexpression of FOXR2. It affects young children and is associated with a dismal prognosis.


Locally Advanced Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Undifferentiated Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma characterized by the absence of differentiating neuroblasts.


name: Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage 2 Neuroblastoma

description: Stage 2 includes stage 2A and stage 2B.  Stage 2A: Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. Stage 2B: Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Locally Advanced Chordoma

description: A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Regional Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma confined to a specific anatomic region without evidence of dissemination.


Stage M2 Medulloblastoma

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Ciliary Body Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

description: A rare, unilateral, benign or malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Metastatic Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: Olfactory neuroblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Pineoblastoma miRNA Processing Altered 2

description: Pineoblastoma characterized by alterations in genes involved in miRNA biogenesis (DICER1, DROSHA, and DGCR8). It may manifest as a sporadic tumor or part of DICER1 syndrome. It affects older children and follows a more favorable course.


name: Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Prostate

description: A rare extrarenal rhabdoid tumor affecting the prostate gland.


name: Stage M4 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Metastasis outside of the central nervous system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Refractory Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: A malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that is resistant to treatment.


Neuroblastoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Neuroblastoma

description: Neuroblastoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage 2A Neuroblastoma

description: Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision; representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


name: Sinonasal Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: A Ewing sarcoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Medulloblastoma Molecular Subtypes

description: A term that refers to the classification of medulloblastomas according to their molecular characteristics.


Metastatic Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Childhood Medulloblastoma

description: The reemergence of childhood medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


name: Localized Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Localized disease. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified that occurs in childhood.


name: Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma non-metastatic

description: Ewing sarcoma that arises from the soft tissue and is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


name: Medulloblastoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A medulloblastoma which has not been further characterized.


name: MS Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Metastatic disease confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow in a patient less than 18 months (547 days). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Stage MS Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Metastatic disease confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow, in a patient less than 18 months (547 days). MIBG scintigraphy must be negative in bone and bone marrow. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Benign medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

description: A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


Recurrent tumors of the Ewing's family

description: The reemergence of a malignant small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation after a period of remission.


name: Malignant medulloepithelioma of ciliary body

description: A rare, unilateral, malignant embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium.


name: Recurrent Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: The reemergence of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central or the peripheral nervous system after a period of remission.


Anaplastic Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney characterized by the presence of nuclear anaplasia.  Anaplasia is defined by the presence of all of the following: multipolar polyploid mitotic figures, marked nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia.  When anaplasia is diffuse, it is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome.


Disseminated neuroblastoma

description: Any primary tumor with dissemination to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, skin, and/or other organs, except as defined for stage 4S. (cancer.gov)


Stage II Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor that is found in the kidney and in the fat, soft tissue, or blood vessels near the kidney. It may have spread to the renal sinus. The renal sinus is the part of the kidney where blood and fluid enter and exit the organ. The tumor can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Localized Askin Tumor

description: A small round cell tumor confined to a specific area of the thoracic cavity without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Recurrent Medulloblastoma

description: The reemergence of medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: The reemergence of Wilms tumor of the kidney after a period of remission.


name: Stage M4 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Stage III Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor that is found in areas near the kidney and cannot be completely removed with surgery. The tumor may have spread to nearby organs and blood vessels or throughout the abdomen and to nearby lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are tiny, bean-shaped organs that help fight infection. Stage III cancer has not spread outside the abdomen. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


name: Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor with Rhabdoid Features

description: A central nervous system embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of histological features consistent with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and absence of mutations of the INI1 gene or SMARCA4 (BRG1) gene.


name: Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor, Not Elsewhere Classified

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor lacking molecular abnormalities that would classify it as one of the molecularly defined central nervous system embryonal neoplasms.


Stage M0 Medulloblastoma

description: No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-MYC

description: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor characterized by overexpression of MYC gene.


Refractory Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Disease beyond local site (e.g., other lesions in brain or spine or tumor cells in CSF or distant metastases). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma, Nodular

description: A nodular ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Unresectable Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage M3 Medulloblastoma

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the spinal subarachnoid space. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Kadish Stage B Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: An olfactory neuroblastoma that involves the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Fourth Ventricle Medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma occurring in the fourth ventricle.


Localized Unresectable Neuroblastoma

description: Neuroblastoma that is confined to a specific site and is not amenable to surgical removal.


name: Stage M1 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Tumor cells in the CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Pineoblastoma Molecular Subtypes

description: A term that refers to the classification of pineoblastomas according to their molecular characteristics.


Kidney Ewing Sarcoma

description: A rare Ewing sarcoma arising from the kidney.


Kadish Stage A Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: An olfactory neuroblastoma that is confined to the nasal cavity


name: Stage M3 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes


name: Metastatic Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2


Benign Notochordal Cell Tumor

description: An intraosseous benign tumor of notochord origin that arises in the bones of the base of the skull, vertebral bodies, sacrum or coccyx.  It contains vacuolated tumor cells without atypia, but lacks myxoid matrix, necrosis, and lobular architecture, which are features that characterize its malignant counterpart, chordoma.  Most lesions are incidental findings.


Recurrent Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor

description: The reemergence of extrarenal rhabdoid tumor after a period of remission.


name: Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma, FOXR2-Activated

description: A rare central nervous system neoplasm with neuroblastic and/or neuronal differentiation. It is characterized by the presence of structural rearrangements of FOXR2 gene that result in the activation of the transcription factor FOXR2.


name: Refractory Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Medulloblastoma

description: Medulloblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage 1 Neuroblastoma

description: Localized tumor with complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease; representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negative for tumor microscopically. (cancer.gov)


Vulvar Ewing Sarcoma

description: Ewing sarcoma arising from the vulva.


Central Nervous System Ewing Sarcoma

description: Ewing sarcoma that arises in the central nervous system.


name: Region 17p13 Allelic Loss Associated Medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma characterized by the loss of one of the p13 regions of chromosome 17.  Loss of genetic material of chromosome arm 17p is the most common molecular genetic abnormality found in medulloblastomas.


Stage M0 Pineoblastoma

description: No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Recurrent Bone Ewing Sarcoma

description: The reemergence of Ewing sarcoma of the bone after a period of remission.


Stage M2 Pineoblastoma

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Stage M2 Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Visible metastasis in brain. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma metastatic

description: An Ewing sarcoma of the soft tissues which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Sinonasal Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: An olfactory neuroblastoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Childhood Chordoma

description: A rare chordoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Kidney Ewing Sarcoma

description: An extremely rare Ewing sarcoma that arises from the kidney during childhood.


Childhood Pineoblastoma

description: A pineoblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Chordoma

description: A chordoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Stage M Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Distant metastatic disease (i.e., not contiguous with the primary tumor) except as defined for stage MS. Nonregional (distant) lymph node involvement is metastatic disease. However, an upper abdominal tumor with enlarged lower mediastinal nodes or a pelvic tumor with inguinal lymph node involvement is considered locoregional disease. Ascites and/or a pleural effusion, even with malignant cells, do not constitute metastatic disease unless they are remote from the body compartment of the primary tumor. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Medulloblastoma, SHH-1

description: Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by SUFU gene mutations and chromosome 2 gain. It affects mostly infants.


Stage I Kidney Wilms Tumor

description: Wilms tumor that is found in one kidney and can be completely removed with surgery. (National Wilms Tumor Study Group Staging System)


Dedifferentiated chordoma

description: A high-grade malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, the presence of physaliphorous cells, and a sarcomatous component.


Recurrent Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: The reemergence of ganglioneuroblastoma after a period of remission.


description: The reemergence of SHH-activated medulloblastoma after a period of remission.


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Neoplasm

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor that occurs during childhood.


name: Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney

description: A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation arising from the kidney.


Recurrent Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: The reemergence of olfactory neuroblastoma after a period of remission.


Head and Neck Ewing Sarcoma

description: A Ewing sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region. The most frequent sites of involvement are the skull and facial bones, head and neck soft tissue, and mandible.


Childhood Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Large cell Ewing sarcoma of bone

description: Ewing sarcoma characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with prominent nucleoli and irregular contours.


Medulloblastoma, SHH-3

description: Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated, characterized by mutations of TP53 and ELP1 genes. It affects older individuals.


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


name: Recurrent Childhood Supratentorial Embryonal Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

description: The reemergence of supratentorial embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified in childhood after a period of remission.


Stage M4 Pineoblastoma

description: Metastasis outside the cerebrospinal axis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


PNET of bone localised

description: A small round cell tumor with neural differentiation that is confined to a specific area of the bone and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


name: Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes without C19MC Alteration

description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes characterized by the absence of C19MC amplification. Approximately half of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes that lack a C19MC alteration carry DICER1 mutations.


Kadish Stage C Olfactory Neuroblastoma

description: An olfactory neuroblastoma that extends beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


name: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Associated Medulloblastoma

description: A medulloblastoma developing in patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas.  It is observed in patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and it is associated with PTCH gene inactivation.


description: Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Medulloblastoma

description: Medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Stage M2 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Visible metastasis in brain. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Stage M0 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

description: No evidence of subarachnoid or hematogenous metastasis. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Stage M4 Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Metastasis outside of the central nervous system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Stage 2B Neuroblastoma

description: Localized tumor with or without complete gross excision, with ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes positive for tumor. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes must be negative microscopically. (cancer.gov)


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


description: SHH-activated medulloblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Metastatic Bone Ewing Sarcoma

description: An Ewing sarcoma of the bone which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: A small round cell tumor with or without neural differentiation that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage M1 Medulloblastoma

description: Microscopic tumor cells are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


Metastatic Ewing's Sarcoma

description: Ewing sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Refractory Ewing Sarcoma

description: Ewing sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Recurrent Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: The reemergence of a small round cell tumor with neural differentiation after a period of remission.


ELP1-Associated Medulloblastoma

description: An SHH-activated, TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma caused by germline ELP1 gene variations and develops during childhood.


name: Stage M1 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor


name: Locoregional Childhood Neuroblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Locoregional tumor with spread. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Mesoblastic nephroma, mixed

description: A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by the presence of classic and cellular areas.


Refractory Chordoma

description: A chordoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Childhood Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood central nervous system embryonal tumor according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


name: Central Nervous System Ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A malignant central nervous system neoplasm characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells and ganglion cells.


Childhood Neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Ewing's sarcoma recurrent

description: Ewing sarcoma which has recurred after treatment and/or remission. While initial complete responses are not uncommon, there is a fair chance of relapse as late as one to two decades after initial therapy.


name: Stage M2 Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the cerebellar/cerebral subarachnoid space or in the third or lateral ventricles. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Stage M3 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor

description: Gross nodular seeding is detected in the spinal subarachnoid space. (Chang CH, Housepian EM, Herbert C. Radiology, 1969; 93(6):1351-9.)


name: Childhood Medulloblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood medulloblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Pineoblastoma, RB1-Altered

description: Pineoblastoma characterized by alterations in RB1 gene. It may develop in the setting of congenital retinoblastoma, also known as trilateral retinoblastoma. It affects young children and is associated with a dismal prognosis.


webbed manual digit

description: A digit that is part of a webbed manus.


Acute cholecystitis without calculus

description: Acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones


name: Calculus of gallbladder with cholecystitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder associated with the presence of gallstones.


Chronic acalculous cholecystitis

description: Chronic cholecystitis not associated with the presence of gallstones.


HU-DNA complex

description: A protein-DNA complex that consists of HU heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) assembled into octamers along DNA. HU binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure.


IHF-DNA complex

description: A protein-DNA complex containing IHF heterodimers (an alpha and a beta chain) bound to DNA. IHF binds to double-stranded DNA in a structure- and sequence-specific manner and bends the DNA into a nucleosome-like structure, the bacterial nucleoid.


Peritoneal Lymph Node

description: A lymph node located in the peritoneum.


name: Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, FET-CREB Fusion-Positive

description: A provisional entity that refers to a group of neoplasms with a broad morphological spectrum, characterized by fusion of a FET family gene (usually EWSR1 and rarely FUS) with a member of the CREB family of transcription factors (CREB1, ATF1, or CREM). It includes entities previously termed intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma or intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor. It is usually located in the supratentorial brain and mostly affects children and young adults. There is a spectrum of clinical behaviors ranging from slowly growing tumors to rapid recurrences, and rarely metastases.


viral occlusion body

description: A crystalline protein matrix surrounding the nucleocapsids of some insect viruses after their release in the environment. Produced in the host cell, the occlusion body protects the infectious virion after death of the host.


left hepatic duct

description: The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.


Diffuse Low Grade Glioma, FGFR1-Mutant

description: Diffuse low-grade glioma characterized by FGFR1 gene mutations, an internal tandem duplication within the FGFR1 gene or the presence of an FGFR1 fusion gene.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Astler-Coller B1 Rectal Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0) and (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Postprocedural respiratory disorders

description: A respiratory disorder occurring as a consequence of a procedure.


name: Vulvar Neoplasm of Skin Appendage Origin

description: A benign or malignant vulvar neoplasm with differentiating characteristics towards sweat or sebaceous glands or hair follicles.  Representative examples include trichoepithelioma, syringoma, and eccrine adenocarcinoma.


Malignant Vulvar Sweat Gland Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from sweat glands in the vulva. Representative examples include eccrine adenocarcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and Paget disease.


Vulvar Hidradenoma Papilliferum

description: A benign glandular neoplasm that arises from the vulva. It presents as a mass or cystic lesion in or adjacent to the interlabial sulcus. It is characterized by the presence of complex branching papillae with fibrovascular stalks, lined by uniform columnar epithelial secretory cells and myoepithelial cells.


name: Vulvar Adenocarcinoma of Sweat Gland Origin

description: A rare adenocarcinoma arising from vulvar skin sweat glands.


name: Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis C

description: Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis c infection.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Cervical carcinoma limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement, equal or more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. (FIGO 2018)


Compounds based on a triazine skeleton.


Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.


Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure.


QUINAZOLINE

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of intraperoxisomal membrane

description: The component of the intraperoxisomal membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of nuclear outer membrane

description: The component of a nuclear outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of plastid membrane

description: The component of a plastid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

description: The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of plastid inner membrane

description: The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic endosome membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The component of a plastid thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its lumenal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of stromal side of plastid inner membrane

description: The component of a plastid inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its stromal surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

description: The component of the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of dense core granule membrane

description: The component of the dense core granule membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


Anaplastic Hemispheric Astrocytoma

description: An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres.


name: Recurrent Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant

description: The reemergence of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant after a period of remission.


Frontal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

description: An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the frontal lobe.


Cerebral Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres as a primary lesion.


name: Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, MET-Altered

description: A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the MET gene.


Parietal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

description: An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the parietal lobe.


name: Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, ALK-Altered

description: A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the ALK gene.


Temporal Lobe Anaplastic Astrocytoma

description: An anaplastic astrocytoma occurring in the temporal lobe.


name: Unresectable Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant

description: Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Adult Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant

description: A diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant that occurs in young adults.


name: Childhood Cerebral Anaplastic Astrocytoma

description: A cerebral anaplastic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant

description: A diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant that occurs during childhood.


name: Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, NTRK-Altered

description: A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the NTRK family.


name: Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma with WWTR1-CAMTA1 Gene Fusion

description: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma characterized by a t(1;3)(p36;q23-q25) translocation, resulting in a WWTR1-CAMTA1 gene fusion. This translocation and associated gene fusion occur in more than 90% of epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas.


brain endothelium

description: Vascular endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier.


name: Laryngeal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that arises from the larynx.


mammalian cervical vertebra 5

description: The fifth of the seven cervical vertebrae[ncit,modified].


Orbital emphysema

description: The presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissue of the orbit of the eye.


name: Hydroxychloroquine-triggered QTc Interval Prolongation

description: QTc interval prolongation that is seen as an adverse event in some patients with co-morbid cardiovascular disease who are treated with hydroxychloroquine.


purine ribonucleotide

Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.


adenyl ribonucleotide

A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine.


intramuscular adipose tissue

description: Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


Recurrent Sarcoma of the Extremity

description: A sarcoma of the soft tissues or bones of the upper or lower extremity that has recurred after a period of remission.


name: Stage II Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage II includes: T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cecum Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the cecum.


Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hereditary Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of colon carcinoma.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.


name: Stage IIB Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Non-Neoplastic Intestinal Disorder

description: A disorder that affects the small or large intestine and is non-neoplastic in nature. Representative examples include acute appendicitis, colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.


Colorectal Conventional Adenoma

description: A benign, premalignant colorectal neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Serrated Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Jejunal web

description: The formation of tissue in the lumen of the jejunum that results in partial obstruction.


name: Adenoma of the Colon with Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: An intramucosal malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate in a colonic adenoma.  There is no evidence of submucosal invasion.


Rectal Conventional Adenoma

description: A benign, premalignant rectal neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


name: Small Intestinal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant epithelial cells which do not display evidence of glandular, squamous, or transitional cell differentiation.


Colon Conventional Adenoma

description: A benign, premalignant colon neoplasm composed of dysplastic epithelium. The descriptor "conventional" distinguishes this from lesions in the serrated pathway. (WHO 2019)


Unresectable Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Colorectal Perineurioma

description: A perineurioma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It usually presents as a small sessile polyp.


Colitis aggravated

description: Exacerbation of an underlying colitis.


name: Small Intestinal Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces serotonin.


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Metastatic Colon Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Childhood Rectal Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the rectum that occurs during childhood.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage II Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm. T3: Tumor invading the pancreas or peripancreatic adipose tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Duodenal web

description: Partial or complete obstruction of the duodenal lumen due to the presence of a membranous web.


Clostridium sordellii colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon resulting from Clostridium Sordelli.


name: Stage 0 Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


name: Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon and rectum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b.  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectosigmoid cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of rectosigmoid carcinoma after a period of remission.


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A neuroendocrine tumor grade 3 that arises from the ileum.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Metastatic Malignant Colorectal Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises in the colon or rectum that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Colorectal Cowden-Associated Polyp

description: A hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon and rectum and it is associated with the presence of Cowden syndrome.


name: Colorectal Adenoma with Moderate Dysplasia

description: An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate epithelial dysplasia.


Metastatic Rectal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IV Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T2, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T4, N0, N1, N2, M1). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A neuroendocrine tumor grade 3 that arises from the jejunum.


Stage IVC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Chronic Active Colitis

description: Chronic colitis with superimposed neutrophilic mucosal infiltrates. It is usually seen during exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.


name: Chronic Non-Specific Multiple Ulcers of the Small Intestine

description: A clinical condition characterized by persistent and occult gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple sharply demarcated lesions surrounded by normal mucosa in the small intestine, which do not affect the muscular layer. It shares many features with NSAID-induced enteropathy. The etiology is not fully elucidated but may include a genetic component.


name: Small Intestinal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of small intestinal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the sigmoid colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


name: Non-infective Inflammatory Bowel Disease

description: A disease of the intestines that is inflammatory but not infectious.


Colorectal Inflammatory Polyp

description: A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion in the colon and rectum.  It may arise in a background of inflammatory bowel disease or colitis.  It is characterized by the presence of a distorted epithelium, inflammation, and fibrosis.


Colorectal Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Refractory Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the rectum.


Small Intestinal Myeloid Sarcoma

description: An extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the small intestine. It often presents with abdominal pain and obstruction.


Early Stage Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to colorectal carcinoma that is limited to the colon/rectum or local lymph nodes, without metastasis to distant anatomic sites.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms).


Unresectable Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A rare colorectal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Grade 1 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the duodenum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage II Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Locally Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Refractory Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Colon Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colonic glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa but not the submucosa.


Colonic tubulovillous adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by tubular and villous architectural patterns. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


name: Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Visceral Myopathy 1

description: An autosomal dominant type of functional intestinal obstruction caused by mutation(s) in the ACTG2 gene, encoding actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle.


Small intestine carcinoma stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (Any T, N1, M0); IIIB (Any T, N2, M0); N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


name: Colorectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Refractory Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: Colon adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4a, N0, M0; IIC: T4b, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Small Intestinal Ulcer

description: A circumscribed inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion in the mucosa surface of the small intestine.


name: Stage III Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in three or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


name: Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Intestinal Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in the intestine. Patients may present with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Rectosigmoid Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid area characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin.  Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections.  Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


name: Stage 0 Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a.  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IVB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cecum Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the cecum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Grade 2 Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.