Stage IA Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G1, GX); (T1b, N0, M0, G1, GX).  T1a: Superficial tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1b: Deep tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Grade 1.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Esophageal Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that affects the esophageal wall.


Fascial fibroma

description: A benign fibrous tumor arising from the fascial connective tissue.


name: Stage IA Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage IA includes: T1 or T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Uterine Corpus Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation arising from the uterine corpus. The neoplasm is usually a large size, and charcaterized by the presence of marked nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, increased mitotic activity, necrosis, and infiltrative margins.  The most common metastatic sites are lungs, lymph nodes, and bone. Patients present with a pelvic mass or abnormal bleeding.


name: Stage IV Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor invading bladder or rectum. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (excluding adnexa, pelvic, and abdominal tissues). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IV Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Any site and any T, any N, M1. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Advanced Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Benign Pilar-Associated Mesenchyme Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the pilar sheath of the hair follicle. It is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include fibrofolliculoma, perifollicular fibroma, pilar leiomyoma, and trichogenic myxoma.


name: Seminal Vesicle Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma

description: An extramammary myofibroblastoma that affects the seminal vesicle.


Stage I Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Malignant Cervical Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the cervix.


name: Skin Intermediate Fibrohistiocytic Neoplasm

description: A borderline fibrohistiocytic neoplasm arising from the dermis and extending to the subcutaneous tissues.


Head and Neck Epithelioid Hemangioma

description: An epithelioid hemangioma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the forehead, preauricular region, and scalp.


Digestive System Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the digestive system.


Stage III Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC (T1-T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Tumor extends beyond the uterus, within the pelvis.  T3: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues.  T3a: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, one side. T3b: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, more than one side.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Peritoneal Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

description: A desmoplastic small round cell tumor that occurs in the abdominal and/or pelvic peritoneum.


name: Stage II Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T1a, N0, M0, G2, G3); (T1b, N0, M0, G2, G3); IIB (T2a, N0, M0, G2); (T2b, N0, M0, G2).  T1a: Superficial tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1b: Deep tumor 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a: Superficial tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T2b: Deep tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G2: Grade 2.  G3: Grade 3. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Intermediate Fibroblastic Neoplasm

description: A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle-shaped fibroblasts.


Gastric Lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the stomach.


Bladder Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor arising from the bladder.


Leiomyoma, Epithelioid

description: A benign or malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with epithelioid morphology.


Giant Cell Angioblastoma

description: A rare, slow-growing, locally aggressive soft tissue tumor characterized by the presence of oval to spindle cells forming concentric aggregates around small vessels.  Giant multinucleated cells are also present.


name: Undifferentiated Sarcoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma which cannot be further characterized.


Stage IB Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: For leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma: tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  For adenosarcoma: tumor invades to less than half of the myometrium.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Vulvar Superficial Myofibroblastoma

description: An uncommon benign polypoid or nodular mesenchymal neoplasm that arises in the vulvar region. It is characterized by the presence of oval or spindle-shaped cells in a collagenous stroma and is separated from the epidermis by a variably thick Grenz zone.


AIDS-Related Cervical Kaposi Sarcoma

description: A Kaposi sarcoma arising from the cervix in patients who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.


Laryngeal Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the larynx.


name: Childhood EWSR1-SMAD3-Positive Fibroblastic Tumor

description: An EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor that occurs during childhood.


Breast Angiolipoma

description: An angiolipoma that arises from the breast. The majority are located in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the breast parenchyma, rather than in breast parenchyma.


Stage IIIA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues, one side. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Skin Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipoma

description: A spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma arising from the skin.


Central Nervous System Angiolipoma

description: An angiolipoma that arises from the central nervous system.


name: Malignant Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Sclerosing PEComa

description: A tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation characterized by the presence of cords of neoplastic cells in a densely collagenous stroma.


Bladder Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the bladder. Most of these tumors are benign.


name: Uterine Corpus Central Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

description: A rare uterine corpus malignant small round cell tumor with neuroglial differentiation. The prognosis is poor.


alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate

description: A rare alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the prostate gland.


name: EBV-Positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell/Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Tumor of the Digestive System

description: EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell/fibroblastic reticular cell tumor that arises from the digestive system.


Orbital Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

description: An alveolar soft part sarcoma involving the orbit. It usually occurs in children.


name: Gastric and Omental Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of gastric and omental gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Mixed Cell Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor composed of a mixture of neoplastic epithelioid and spindle cells.


name: Conventional Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma

description: A well differentiated extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.


Undifferentiated Stromal Sarcoma

description: An infiltrating high-grade malignant mesenchymal tumor arising from the uterine corpus, cervix, vagina, and ovary.


name: Orbit Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma

description: An extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma that arises from the orbit. The orbit is the most frequently affected site for extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas in the head and neck region.


name: Skin Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well Differentiated Liposarcoma

description: A rare atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma arising from the skin.


Myxoid leiomyoma

description: A leiomyoma characterized by the presence of abundant myxoid matrix.


Hemangioendothelioma of skin

description: A vascular proliferation arising from the skin.  It is characterized by the presence of prominent endothelial cells and formation of vascular channels.


name: Malignant Laryngeal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated morphological features and absence of spindle cells.


name: Stage III Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Unfavorable site and (T1a, T2a, N1, M0); (T1b, T2b, Any N, M0). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Undifferentiated Epithelioid Sarcoma

description: An undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with epithelioid morphology.


Stage IV Soft Tissue Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system does not apply to pediatric GIST, familial GIST (germline mutant KIT or PDGFRA), or syndromic GIST (no AJCC staging system available). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IIIB Small Intestinal, Esophageal, Colorectal, Mesenteric, and Peritoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); (T3, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); (T4, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but not more than 10 cm. T4: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. High Mitotic Rate: Over 5 mitoses per 5 square millimeters, or per 50 HPF. (AJCC 8th ed.)


description: A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated sarcomatous components.


name: Vaginal Low Grade Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma

description: An infiltrating sarcoma that arises from the vagina.  It is characterized by the presence of cells that resemble endometrial stromal cells.


Fallopian Tube Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the fallopian tube.  Representative examples include leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.


name: Childhood NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasm

description: An NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


name: Stage IIIA Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T2, N0, M0, G2, G3. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the bladder.


Vulvar Angiomyofibroblastoma

description: An angiomyofibroblastoma arising from the vulva.


name: Tongue Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor

description: Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor that arises from the tongue, usually the anterior dorsal aspect.


Synovial sarcoma non-metastatic

description: Synovial sarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Superficial angiomyxoma

description: An angiomyxoma arising from the dermis or subcutaneous tissues.  It may recur following resection.


name: Stage III Gastric and Omental Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0, High Mitotic Rate). T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but not more than 10 cm. T4: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. High Mitotic Rate: Over 5 mitoses per 5 square millimeters, or per 50 HPF. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Resectable Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: Soft tissue sarcoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Epithelioid sarcoma non-metastatic

description: Epithelioid sarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Desmoplastic fibroblastoma

description: A rare benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of an abundant collagenous or myxocollagenous matrix, spindle-shaped, and stellate-shaped fibroblasts.  It usually presents as an asymptomatic, slowly growing subcutaneous mass. The most common sites of involvement are the upper arm, shoulder, and lower limb.


name: Uterine Corpus Leiomyoma, Mitotically Active Variant

description: A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by an increased number of mitoses (up to 19 mitoses per 10 high-powered fields).


Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: The reemergence of soft tissue sarcoma in childhood after a period of remission.


Lacrimal Gland Myoepithelial Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate exhibiting myoepithelial differentiation.


name: Optic Nerve Sheath Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A rare solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the optic nerve sheath.


Metastatic Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant PEComa that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IA Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus, measuring 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Central Nervous System Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the central nervous system.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


name: Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities

description: A soft tissue sarcoma that arises from the trunk or the extremities.


name: Stage II Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

description: The reemergence of desmoplastic small round cell tumor after a period of remission.


Stromal Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm composed of stromal cells.  Representative examples include gastrointestinal stromal tumor, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and prostate stromal sarcoma.


NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasm

description: An emerging rare group of soft tissue tumors, usually characterized by a monomorphic spindle cell infiltrate, stromal hyalinization, and frequent coexpression of S100 and CD34 by immunohistochemistry. Most tumors harbor NTRK1 fusions with a variety of partners. Rare cases involving NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusions have also been reported.


description: An extramammary myofibroblastoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Classic Type Atypical Fibroxanthoma

description: A morphologic variant of atypical fibroxanthoma characterized by the presence of atypical mitotic figures, high mitotic activity, and pleomorphic cells.


Conjunctival Angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the conjunctiva.


Buccal Mucosa Lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm that arises from the buccal mucosa.


Fibromatosis, Abdominal

description: An insidious poorly circumscribed neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissues of the abdomen. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern.


name: Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

description: A benign,intermediate, or malignant soft tissue neoplasm in which the line of differentiation is uncertain. Representative examples include neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation, alveolar soft part sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, epithelioid sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


Benign Gastric Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include leiomyoma, lipoma, and hemangioma.


name: Stage IV Small Intestinal, Esophageal, Colorectal, Mesenteric, and Peritoneal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, N1, M0, Any Mitotic Rate); (Any T, Any N, M1, Any Mitotic Rate). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Vulvar Prepubertal Fibroma

description: A rare, benign mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the vulvar region, usually the labia majora of prepubertal girls. It presents as a slow-growing, unilateral painless mass. It is characterized by an infiltrative growth of bland spindle cells in a collagenous, edematous, or myxoid stroma. It may recur following incomplete excision.


name: Prostate Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: A rare inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that arises from the prostate gland.


name: Locally Invasive Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis

description: Desmoid-type fibromatosis that has invaded the surrounding tissues.


Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma

description: A benign fibroblastic neoplasm that arises from acral sites, usually the periungual area of the digits.  It is characterized by the proliferation of spindled and stellate-shaped fibroblasts in the dermis in a myxoid or collagenous stroma.  Nuclear atypia is usually minimal.  It usually presents as a solitary and slow-growing dome-shaped mass on a digit. The recurrence rate is low.


name: Stage IIIB Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3, T4, N0, M0, G2, G3. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with myoid differentiation

description: A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of areas of myofibroblastic differentiation.


Advanced Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant PEComa that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Head and Neck Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

description: A rare epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the oral cavity, soft tissue of the neck, and salivary glands.


name: Unresectable Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IB Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T2, T3, T4, N0, M0, G1, GX. T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. G1: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 2 or 3. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle in children.  Only a small percentage of tumors arise in the skeletal muscle of the extremities. The majority arise in other anatomic sites.


Pulmonary Artery Angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the pulmonary artery.


Appendix Kaposi Sarcoma

description: A rare Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the appendiceal wall.


pleomorphic liposarcoma of skin

description: A rare pleomorphic liposarcoma arising from the skin.


name: Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: The reemergence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor after a period of remission.


Breast Atypical Myoepitheliosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells in and around small breast ducts exhibiting cytologic atypia and mitotic activity.


name: Angiosarcoma of the Skin of the Arm after Radical Mastectomy followed by Lymphedema

description: An angiosarcoma arising from the skin of the arm following radical mastectomy and resulting lymphedema.


name: Stage I Childhood Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Any T, N0, M0, G1 or GX. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Vaginal Deep (Aggressive) Angiomyxoma

description: A locally infiltrating, non-metastasizing vaginal angiomyxoma.  It may recur following resection.


name: Malignant Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm in which the line of differentiation is uncertain.


Paratesticular Cellular Angiofibroma

description: A cellular angiofibroma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Jaw Desmoplastic Fibroma

description: A desmoplastic fibroma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Skin Myoepithelioma

description: A benign skin neoplasm composed exclusively of myoepithelial cells.


name: Intermediate Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the sinonasal tract and is characterized by an increased risk of local recurrence and/or a low risk of metastasis.


name: Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor arising from the stomach.  It is characterized by a maximum diameter greater than 5 cm and equal or less than 10 cm and no more than 5 mitotic figures per 50 high power fields.


Head and Neck Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma that arises from the head and neck. The most frequently affected sites are the oral cavity and sinonasal tract mucosa.


Vulvar Superficial Angiomyxoma

description: A vulvar angiomyxoma arising from the dermis or subcutaneous tissues. It may recur following resection.


description: A rare variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by plaque-like growth, resembling plaque-like CD34-positive dermal fibroma.


name: Prostate Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A rare malignant solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the prostate gland.


Hepatobiliary Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the hepatobiliary system.


Thyroid Gland Leiomyoma

description: A leiomyoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Atypical fibroxanthoma of skin

description: An intermediate cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation, usually affecting the actinic-damaged skin of the elderly.  The tumor presents as a single cutaneous nodule which is often ulcerated.  Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of highly atypical cytologic features, pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The vast majority of patients have an excellent prognosis following conservative therapy. Recurrences are infrequent, and metastasis is rare.


name: Skin Fibrous Histiocytoma, Fibroblastic Variant

description: A morphologic variant of fibrous histiocytoma of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibrohistiocytic cells and associated acanthosis.


Soft Tissue Sarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of soft tissue sarcoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


description: An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Intracranial Fibrous Histiocytoma

description: A benign fibrous histiocytoma involving the dura or cranial bone.


Intracranial lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm located in the intracranial region. It is a congenital hamartomatous malformation derived from the embryologic meninx primitiva.


name: Kaposi Sarcoma Related to Immunosuppressive Treatment

description: A Kaposi sarcoma that develops after immunosuppressive treatment.


Head and Neck Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the soft tissue of the head and neck.


name: Digestive System Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the digestive system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.


Pelvic Fibromatosis

description: Fibromatosis that occurs in the pelvis. It affects almost always females. It is characterized by the presence of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation, and an infiltrative growth pattern. It recurs if incompletely resected but lacks metastatic potential.


Paratesticular Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Stage IIIC Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: T1-T3, N1, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Tumor extends beyond the uterus, within the pelvis.  T3: Tumor infiltrates abdominal tissues.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Uterine Angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the uterus.


Unresectable Synovial Sarcoma

description: Synovial sarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage III Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: T3a, N0, M0; IIIB: T3b, N0, M0; IIIC: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor limited to the uterus. T2: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. T3: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues. T3a: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at one site. T3b: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVA Uterine Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor involves bladder or rectum.  M0: No distant metastasis.  This staging applies to leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Gastric sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the stomach. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma.


Recurrent Skin Angiosarcoma

description: The reemergence of skin angiosarcoma after a period of remission.


name: Intermediate Soft Tissue Tumor of Uncertain Differentiation

description: A soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation which is locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.


Uterine Corpus Sarcoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of uterine corpus sarcoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, and adenosarcomas of the uterine corpus. It does not apply to carcinosarcomas which are staged according to the carcinomas and carcinosarcomas of the uterine corpus. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Cervical Low Grade Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma

description: A very rare sarcoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of cells that resemble endometrial stromal cells.


Alveolar soft part sarcoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of alveolar soft part sarcoma after a period of remission.


Hemangioma of salivary gland

description: A hemangioma that arises from a salivary gland. It occurs almost exclusively in the parotid gland.


Lipofibromatosis

description: A rare, slow-growing, painless tumor of infancy and early childhood that usually affects the distal extremities. It is characterized by the presence of alternating bands of mature adipose tissue and spindle-cell fibrous tissue, without destruction of the adipose tissue architecture. It does not metastasize, however the rate of local recurrences is high.


Malignant vascular tumor of skin

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from blood vessels and lymphatics of the skin.


EWSR1-SMAD3-positive fibroblastic tumor

description: A benign fibroblastic neoplasm characterized by a fusion of exon 7 of EWSR1 gene with exon 5 of SMAD3 gene. Patients usually present with a small painless superficial tumor in the hands and feet. Morphologically, there is zonation with acellular hyalinized center and peripheral proliferation of fibroblastic spindle cells without atypia. It may recur following incomplete excision.


name: Unresectable Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

description: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage III Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Trunk and Extremities AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N0, M0, G2, G3); IIIB: (T3, T4, N0, M0, G2, G3). T2: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm and less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 10 cm and less than or equal to 15 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor measuring more than 15 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis or unknown lymph node status. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5. G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7, or 8. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Atypical Ductal Breast Hyperplasia

description: A neoplastic process that arises from the terminal ductal lobular unit of the breast parenchyma.  It is usually solitary and confined to a single lobular unit.  It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic epithelial proliferation in a cribriform, micropapillary, or solid growth pattern.  Focal architectural features of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ are present.  There is an increased risk for development of invasive breast carcinoma.


name: Prostate Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An exceptionally rare neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


epithelium of external nose

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Epithelial layer that is part of the external part of the nose.


fifth cervical dorsal root ganglion

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Postpartum Obstetric Thromboembolism

description: Presence of a blood clot in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the postpartum period.


name: Clear Cell Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor that contains a variable proportion of clear cells containing diastase-labile PAS-positive material that is consistent with glycogen.


name: Early T Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Early T precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which further genetic/molecular characterization is not available.


name: Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF.


Tle3-Aes complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the proteins Tle3 (also known as Grg3b) and Aes (Grg5), which are homologs of the Drosophila groucho gene product.


name: Cyc8(Ssn6)-Tup1 general repressor complex

description: A corepressor complex containing the WD-repeat protein Tup1p (S. cerevisiae) and Tup11/Tup12 (fission yeast) and the TPR repeat protein Cyc8p (S. cerevisiae) ssn6 (fission yeast) that is recruited to target genes by DNA-bound repressor proteins preferentially at regions where histones are deacetylated by the Clr6 class I HDAC, and recruits the SWI/SNF and SAGA complexes to promoters.


negative cofactor 2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.


DRM complex

description: A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.


beta-catenin-ICAT complex

description: Transcription factor complex that inhibits binding of Tcf to beta-catenin while preserving interaction of catenin with cadherin thus inhibiting transcription mediated by beta-catenin-Tcf complex.


Mad-Max-mSin3A complex

description: A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3A, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.


Mad-Max complex

description: A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max.


Osteolytic Lesions of Multiple Myeloma

description: A radiologic finding indicating the presence of multiple radiolucent osteolytic bone lesions observed in a patient with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma.


Solitary Lytic Metastatic Bone Lesion

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A radiologic finding indicating the presence of solitary area of bone destruction that results from the spread of cancer to the bone(s).


Laryngeal Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between the larynx and another organ or cavity.


Pharyngocutaneous fistula

description: An abnormal communication between the skin and the pharynx.


Salivary Gland Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between a salivary gland and another organ or anatomic site.


External Auditory Canal Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between the external auditory canal and the adjacent tissues.


Locally Advanced Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Liposarcoma metastatic

description: A liposarcoma that has metastasized to a secondary site.


Metastatic Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

description: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Advanced Myxoid Liposarcoma

description: A myxoid liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Myxoid liposarcoma metastatic

description: Myxoid liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

description: A dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Metastatic Pleomorphic Liposarcoma

description: Pleomorphic liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Advanced Pleomorphic Liposarcoma

description: Pleomorphic liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Locally Advanced Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

description: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Recurrent Multinodular and Vacuolated Neuronal Tumor

description: The reemergence of multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor following a period of remission.


name: Adult Multinodular and Vacuolated Neuronal Tumor

description: A multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor that occurs in adults.


name: collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


chitin-based extracellular matrix

description: Any constituent part of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous extracellular matrix secreted from the apical surface of an epithelial sheet.


description: An extracellular matrix consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that provides not only essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents but can also initiate crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. The components are secreted by cells in the vicinity and form a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells.


fertilization envelope

description: A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release.


hyaline layer

description: A multilayered extraembryonic matrix that functions as a substrate for cell adhesion through early development. It is thought to protect and lubricate the embryo, stabilize the blastomeres during morphogenesis, and regulate nutrient intake. The major constituent of the hyaline layer is the protein hyalin. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.


fungal biofilm matrix

description: An extracellular matrix lying external to fungal cells. The fungal biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Fungal biofilms mediate adherence to host tissues, and provide protection from host immune defenses.


biofilm matrix

description: A structure lying external to microbial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated cells, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the cells.


egg coat

description: A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.


bacterial biofilm matrix

description: A structure lying external to bacterial cells. A biofilm is an aggregate of surface-associated bacteria, and the biofilm matrix is the envelope of polymeric substances that surrounds the bacteria.


organomineral extracellular matrix

description: An extracellular matrix consisting of a densely packed organomineral assembly in which the mineral phase represents the majority of the material by weight.


perisynaptic extracellular matrix

description: The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.


synapse-associated extracellular matrix

description: The extracellular matrix of the perisynaptic space (the extracellular space adjacent to the synapse) and the synaptic cleft.


interphotoreceptor matrix

description: A specialized extracellularc matrix that surrounds the photoreceptors of the retina and lies between them and the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. The IPM has been implicated in several important activities required for photoreceptor function and maintenance.


pollen coat

description: A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.


mineralized extracellular matrix

description: Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.


vitelline envelope

description: A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization.


adhesive extracellular matrix

description: A extracellular matrix which attaches an organism to a substrate.


brain gray matter

description: A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition].


ATG2-ATG18 complex

description: A protein complex essential for autophagy during nutrient deprivation, a catabolic process that sequesters undesired cellular material into autophagosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation. Contributes to nutrition homeostasis and damage control in eukaryotic cells. Functions at a late step of autophagosome formation for efficient completion of sequestration, probably through facilitating recruitment of ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS) and/or its protection from deconjugation by ATG4. Composed of ATG2 and ATG18 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


Stage IV Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cleft Maxilla

description: A congenital abnormality consisting of a fissure in the midline of the upper jawbone.


zygomaticus muscle

description: One of: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor.


Fallopian Tube Lymphoma

description: An exceedingly rare lymphoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


intracellular vesicle

description: Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.


post-lysosomal vacuole

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


piccolo-bassoon transport vesicle

description: A cytoplasmic dense-core vesicle that transports a range of proteins including piccolo, bassoon, N-cadherin and syntaxin. The transported proteins may be associated with the external side of the vesicle, rather than being contained within the vesicle, therefore forming an aggregate of vesicle and proteins. Piccolo-bassoon transport vesicles (or PTVs) range in size from approximately 80 nm in diameter for dense core vesicles to 130 nm by 220 nm in area for aggregates. They are packaged via the trans-Golgi network before being transported through the axon.


bacteroid-containing symbiosome

description: A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.


food vacuole

description: Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm. An example of this component is found in the Apicomplexa.


name: synaptic vesicle, readily releasable pool

description: A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool of vesicles that are the first to be released as a result of chemical or electrical stimulation e.g. by an action potential, have the highest presynaptic membrane fusion probability and correspond to about 1% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton.


name: COPI-coated inter-Golgi transport vesicle

description: A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack).


neuronal dense core vesicle

description: A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.


leucosome

description: A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.


pexophagosome

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle involved in the degradation of peroxisome by macropexophagy.


mucocyst

description: A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, in the pellicle of ciliate protozoans that discharges a mucus-like secretion.


cortical granule

description: A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.


synaptic vesicle, recycling pool

description: A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that repopulate vacancies within the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, and require more significant stimuli than the RRP in order to release neurotransmitter; about 10-15% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this state.


neurosecretory vesicle

description: A large cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle with an electron dense granular core, up to 150-200 nm in diameter, found in neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.


clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle

description: A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.


postsynaptic recycling endosome

description: A recycling endosome of the postsynapse. In postsynaptic terminals with dendritic spines, it is typically located at the base of a dendritic spine. It is involved in recycling of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. In some cases at least, this recycling is activated by postsynaptic signaling and so can play a role in long term potentiation.


micropinosome

description: A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.


name: endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle

description: A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


name: Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle

description: A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


dendritic lamellar body

description: A specialized secretory organelle found in neurons and associated with the formation of dendrodendritic gap junctions.


symbiosome

description: A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).


contractile vacuole

description: A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


mucin granule

description: A secretory granule that contains mucin.


apical recycling endosome

description: Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the apical cytoplasm that participates in apical cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.


organellar chromatophore

description: A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active and incapable of an independent existence outside its host. The chromatophore functions as a photosynthetic organelle, and has been found and characterized in the amoeba Paulinella chromatophora.


cyanosome

description: A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.


pterinosome

description: A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


presynaptic endosome

description: An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. This organelle is believed to be involved in regeneration of synaptic vesicles.


ficolin-1-rich granule

description: Highly exocytosable gelatinase-poor granules found in neutrophils and rich in ficolin-1. Ficolin-1 is released from neutrophil granules by stimulation with fMLP or PMA, and the majority becomes associated with the surface membrane of the cells and can be detected by flow cytometry.


basolateral recycling endosome

description: Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the basolateral cytoplasm that participates in basolateral cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.


postsynaptic early endosome

description: An early endosome of the postsynapse. It acts as the major sorting station on the endocytic pathway, targeting neurotransmitter receptors for degregation or recycling.


cytoplasmic vesicle

description: A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.


postsynaptic endosome

description: An endosomal compartment that is part of the post-synapse. Only early and recycling endosomes are typically present in the postsynapse.


Bacteriological Finding

description: Objective evidence of bacterial infection perceptible to the examiner by laboratory procedure.


CGRP receptor complex

description: A transmembrane, G protein-coupled signaling receptor complex recognized by calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP).


calcitonin family receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of calcitonin family receptor activity. Calcitonin family receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers; adrenomedullin and amylin receptors have only been observed as dimers so far.


adrenomedullin receptor complex

description: A transmembrane, G protein-coupled signaling receptor complex which is capable of adrenomedullin receptor activity.


amylin receptor complex 3

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 3. Amylin receptor complex 3 (AMY3) also serves as a receptor for the amyloid-beta complex. Ligand binding to AMY3 results in increased cytosolic calcium ion levels and in activation on multiple intracellular signaling pathways.


amylin receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of amylin receptor activity.


amylin receptor complex 1

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1. Amylin receptor complex 1 (AMY1) also serves as a receptor for the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor complex 2

description: A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2. Amylin receptor complex 2 (AMY2) also serves as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


Left Main Coronary Artery Body

description: The segment of the left main coronary artery that is bounded by its ostium and bifurcation.


Gastric melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from mucosa of the stomach.


(R)-bromazine

The (R)-enantiomer of bromazine.


epaxial region somite 12

description: The epaxial region of somite 12 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


Deep Palmar Vein

description: The blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood and accompanies the deep palmar artery in the hand.


straight-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain.


linolenic acid

A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.


octadecatrienoic acid

Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.


fatty acid 20:3

Any trienoic fatty acid with twenty carbons.


(5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid

The (5Z,7E,9E,14Z,17Z)-isomer of icosapentaenoic acid.


Head and Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.  This category includes inflammatory disorders, benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, and malignant neoplasms.


Thyroid Gland Lipoadenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular structures and mature adipocytes.


Nasopharyngeal Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the nasopharynx and nose.  Epistaxis or nasal obstruction are common presenting symptoms.


Malignant Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects a maxillofacial bone.


Follicular ameloblastoma

description: A histologic variant of conventional ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelial islands in a fibrotic stroma.


name: Recurrent Malignant Neoplasm of Salivary Gland

description: The reemergence of a malignant salivary gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


Skull Base Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the base of the skull.


Malignant odontogenic tumor

description: A sarcoma that arises from tooth-forming tissues.


Sellar Neurocytoma

description: A rare extraventricular neurocytoma (WHO grade 2) of the hypothalamic-pituitary area. (WHO 2017)


Squamous odontogenic tumor

description: A rare, locally invasive neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually grows intraosseously in the mandible. The maxilla is less frequently involved. It is characterized by the presence of well differentiated squamous cells which form islands. Recurrences may rarely occur and probably are related to incomplete excision of the tumor.


name: Middle Ear Exophytic Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An exophytic papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles an exophytic sinonasal papilloma.


Malignant Ameloblastoma

description: A rare, well differentiated, cytologically benign ameloblastoma which paradoxically metastasizes.


Jaw Osteoblastoma

description: An osteoblastoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process affecting the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the presence of dysplasia in the mucosal epithelium.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells with no nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and with questionable capsular or vascular invasion. This is a tumor indeterminate between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. (WHO)


Non-Neoplastic Laryngeal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic pathologic process that affects the larynx.  Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord nodule, and laryngeal cleft.


Odontogenic Fibroma, Ossifying Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma characterized by the presence of odontogenic fibroma components admixed with ossifying fibroma-like tissue.


name: Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Head and Neck Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck.  Representative examples include oral leukoplakia and leukoplakia of the vocal cords.


Nontoxic diffuse goiter

description: A diffuse goiter that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Sellar Yolk Sac Tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Non-Neoplastic Oral Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the oral cavity or the lips.


Polyp of nasal sinus

description: A polyp that arises from the paranasal sinus mucosa. Causes include allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and cystic fibrosis. It is characterized by the presence of edematous tissue infiltrated by inflammatory cells, including eosinophils.


name: Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm

description: A rare papillary neoplasm that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. This category includes papillary cystadenoma, ductal papilloma (including the intraductal and inverted variants), sialadenoma papilliferum, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.


Oral Cavity Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the oral cavity.


Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism

description: Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.


Low Risk Thyroid Gland Neoplasm

description: A thyroid gland neoplasm in which the incidence of metastatic spread is extremely low. This category includes thyroid gland noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, thyroid gland hyalinizing trabecular tumor, and thyroid gland tumors of uncertain malignant potential.


Sellar Paraganglioma

description: An extremely rare paraganglioma arising from chief cells of the dispersed paraganglia of the sellar region. (WHO)


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to orbit

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the orbit from another anatomic site.


Congenital thyroid disorder

description: A thyroid gland disorder present at birth. It includes thyroid gland aplasia and thyroid gland hypoplasia, both result in hypothyroidism.


Sellar Immature Teratoma

description: An immature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


name: Congenital hypothyroidism with ectopic thyroid

description: Thyroid hormone deficiency present at birth that is associated with ectopic thyroid tissue located in the neck region.


Jugular Foramen Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the jugular foramen.  Representative examples include paraganglioma, schwannoma, and meningioma.


Salivary Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

description: A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Most occur in the parotid gland. Symptoms include a progressively enlarging, painless mass.  Sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


Benign Sinonasal Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Hard Palate Monomorphic Adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the minor salivary glands in the hard palate. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Malignant Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Benign Inner Ear Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the inner ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include vestibular schwannoma and lipoma.


Non-Neoplastic Tonsillar Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tonsils.


Non-Neoplastic Nasal Cavity Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity.  Representative examples include rhinitis and Wegener granulomatosis.


Atypical Parathyroid Gland Tumor

description: A parathyroid gland tumor that shares certain morphologic characteristics with parathyroid gland carcinomas (e.g. broad fibrous bands formation with or without hemosiderin deposition, presence of mitotic figures) but lacks unequivocal evidence of capsular or vascular invasion. It is considered a tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Disorder of neck

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


name: Metastatic Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread to another anatomic site.


Odontogenic tumor, benign

description: A benign, slow growing neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It occurs in the maxillofacial skeleton or the gingiva. Representative examples include adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, and squamous odontogenic tumor.


Benign neoplasm of orbit

description: A neoplasm that arises from the orbit and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Iatrogenic Central Hypothyroidism

description: Central hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Ear Osteoma

description: An osteoma that arises from the bony cortex of the external auditory canal and, rarely, the middle ear.


Congenital hyperthyroidism

description: Hyperthyroidism, the cause of which is present at birth.


Sellar Meningioma

description: A rare meningioma that arises from the sellar region.


Rhinosinusitis

description: Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and paranasal sinuses.


Malignant Head and Neck Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.


Non-Neoplastic Thyroid Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the thyroid gland.  Representative examples include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid gland abscess.


Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the parapharyngeal space.


Singers' nodes

description: A non-neoplastic growth in the vocal cord. It is characterized by tissue swelling in both vocal cords in a symmetrical manner. It is caused by vocal abuse behavior. Hoarseness is the presenting symptom.


Mucositis following radiation therapy

description: Inflammation of the mouth mucosa caused by head and neck radiation therapy.  Signs and symptoms include dry mouth due to lack of saliva, mucosal ulcerations and diffuse erythema of the mouth, taste alteration, and dysphagia.


Nasopharyngeal Non-Neoplastic Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the nasopharynx.


Suprasellar germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the suprasellar region.


Ameloblastic Fibrosarcoma

description: A locally aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from odontogenic tissue. It occurs in the mandible and less often in the maxilla.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant connective tissue component and a benign epithelial component.  The frequency of distal metastases is low.


Sellar Germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Ceruminous Neoplasm

description: An adenoma or carcinoma that arises from the ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal.


Laryngeal Precancerous Condition

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the epithelial cells of the laryngeal mucosa.


Non-Neoplastic Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the neck region.  This category includes non-neoplastic disorders of the pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland.


Ameloblastic fibroma

description: A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component and fibromyxoid stroma. It may recur and rarely shows malignant transformation to ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. It is treated with enucleation and curettage.


Nasal Cavity Exophytic Papilloma

description: A benign nasal cavity exophytic papillary neoplasm with fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells. It arises from the lower anterior nasal septum. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and the presence of a mass.


Leukoplakia of lips

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the lip which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Parotid monomorphic adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Benign Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the anterior portion of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Benign Ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that does not recur or metastasize.


Oral neoplasm malignant recurrent

description: Reemergence of a lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Nasopharyngeal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Oral Cavity Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the oral cavity. The tongue is the most frequently affected site.


Central Hyperthyroidism

description: Overproduction of thyroid hormones due to a disorder originating within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.


Thyroglobulin Deficiency

description: Subnormal production of thyroglobulin, the glycoprotein precursor of thyroid hormones, presumed to result from loss-of-function mutation(s) in the TG gene.


Tongue Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the tongue.


name: Head and Neck Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the head and neck.


sarcoma of oral cavity

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the oral cavity.  Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma and angiosarcoma.


Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Smokers keratosis

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the oral mucosa.  It is associated with the use of smoked tobacco.  It appears as white lesions on the oral mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may reverse with the cessation of tobacco use.


Defective Thyroglobulin Transport

description: Impairment in the intracellular transport of thyroglobulin.


name: Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignant neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Oropharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Extraosseous/Peripheral Ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that arises from the soft tissues in the gingiva or alveolar mucosa.  It presents as a painless exophytic mass.


Sinonasal Seromucinous Hamartoma

description: A benign overgrowth of indigenous seromucinous glands of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. (WHO 2017)


name: Locally Advanced Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the head and neck region and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Thyroid Gland Clear Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicular cells with cytoplasmic clearing.


Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed or encapsulated tumor that arises from the neck and occurs in adults. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, epithelial islands, and adipose tissue.


Head and Neck Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sialolipoma

description: A benign parotid gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue.


name: Non-Neoplastic Parathyroid Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the parathyroid glands.  Representative examples include hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.


Benign Parapharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the parapharyngeal space and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Mature Teratoma

description: A mature teratoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Oropharyngeal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the oropharynx.


Head and Neck Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the head and neck region. Hodgkin lymphomas are usually located in the lymph nodes of the neck. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas usually arise from the ocular adnexa, salivary glands, larynx, and thyroid gland.


name: Thyroid Gland Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease

description: Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease affecting the thyroid gland. It is rare and is usually accompanied by involvement of cervical lymph nodes.


name: Head and Neck Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

description: A histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the head and neck.


Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma

description: A rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that arises from the craniofacial skeleton. It is characterized by the presence of multiple ossicles resembling psammoma bodies in a hypercellular stroma. It usually affects individuals in their second to fourth decades. Recurrences following surgical excision have been reported in a minority of cases.


Middle Ear Papilloma

description: A rare papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles a sinonasal papilloma. Approximately half of the patients have concurrent sinonasal or nasopharyngeal papillomas.


Adenoma, Monomorphic

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


Non-Neoplastic Middle Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the middle ear.


description: An adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma that occurs in adults.


Oral Cavity Monomorphic Adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the salivary glands in the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a monomorphic cellular infiltrate.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Papillary Hyperplasia

description: A thyroid gland adenoma characterized by the presence of papillae lined by cells that range from cuboidal to columnar. The papillae are usually cystic and non-branching. Aggregates of follicles may be found within the papillary structures.


Oropharyngeal Polyp

description: A benign exophytic growth that arises from the oropharynx.


Dental surface disorders

description: A disorder that affects the surface of the tooth.


Abscess of thyroid

description: A rare disorder characterized by the development of an abscess in the thyroid gland.  It usually follows an upper respiratory tract, pharyngeal, or middle ear infection.  It is usually caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus infection.  It presents with fever, pain, and neck mass.


Salivary gland adenoma

description: A benign adenoma that arises from the salivary gland. This group includes pleomorphic adenoma, canalicular adenoma, basal cell adenoma, and sebaceous adenoma.


Orbital Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the structures of the orbit.


Adenoid Ameloblastoma

description: A rare ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of cribriform architecture and the formation of duct-like structures. Dentinoid is usually present.


name: Head and Neck Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the head and neck. It usually affects the soft tissue of the neck. The head and neck region is the most frequently involved site for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, following the trunk and extremities.


Primordial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A benign odontogenic tumor composed of variably cellular loose fibrous tissue with areas similar to the dental papilla, entirely surrounded by cuboidal to columnar epithelium resembling the internal epithelium of the enamel organ. It occurs intraosseously, with a marked preference for the mandible. (WHO 2017)


Mouth Mucous Membrane Leukoplakia

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the mucous membrane in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Pharyngeal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the pharynx.


Benign Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the head and neck and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Salivary Gland Lymphadenomas

description: A rare benign salivary gland tumor that consists of a well-circumscribed biphasic proliferation of epithelial cells and reactive lymphoid tissue. Sebaceous and non-sebaceous forms can be distinguished. (WHO 2017)


Agenesis of larynx

description: A congenital deformity in which there is no laryngeal structure.


Wolff-Chaikoff Phenomenon

description: Hypothyroidism induced by excessive levels of iodine in the blood.


ductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the salivary glands.  This category includes intraductal papilloma, inverted ductal papilloma, and sialadenoma papilliferum.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to lip

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the lip from another anatomic site.


name: Chronic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis

description: Persistent and long-standing thyroiditis associated with temporary elevations of thyroid hormones.


Posterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the base of the tongue.


Benign neoplasm of base of tongue

description: A neoplasm that arises from the base of tongue and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma

description: A rare neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually arises from the posterior mandible. It is characterized by the presence of an epithelial component, fibromyxoid stroma, and dentin formation. It is treated with enucleation and curettage. Recurrences may occur.


name: Primary Head and Neck Mucosal CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the mucosal sites of the head and neck. They are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions usually arise from the oral cavity and, less frequently, the conjunctiva, orbit, and nasopharynx. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


Basal Cell Ameloblastoma

description: A conventional ameloblastoma with follicular pattern in which the odontogenic epithelial islands are composed of uniform basaloid cells.


Non-Neoplastic Paranasal Sinus Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include sinusitis and mucocele.


Suppurative parotitis

description: Parotitis that is caused by a bacterial agent.


Salivary Gland Striated Duct Adenoma

description: A rare benign salivary gland adenoma that arises from ducts that resemble normal striated ducts.


Sinonasal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  Representative examples include inflammatory disorders, papillomas, and carcinomas.


Benign Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from a maxillofacial bone and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Non-Neoplastic External Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pinna and/or the ear canal.


Paranasal Sinus Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses.


Malignant Anterior Tongue Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the anterior portion of the tongue.


name: Maxillofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from a maxillofacial bone.


Benign neoplasm of palate

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


Nasopharyngeal hairy polyp

description: A benign polypoid lesion that arises from the nasopharynx. It usually affects neonates and older infants. It manifests as a pedunculated mass associated with cough, dyspnea, vomiting, or difficulty in swallowing. It is composed of ectoderm and mesoderm.


name: Recurrent Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant head and neck neoplasm after a period of remission.


Iatrogenic Primary Hypothyroidism

description: Primary hypothyroidism due to medical or surgical treatment.


Leukoplakia of buccal mucosa

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the buccal mucosa in the mouth which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


name: Refractory Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasm

description: A malignant salivary gland neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage IVA Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3-T4a, N1, M0).  T4a: Moderately advanced disease.  Tumor involves deep soft tissue, cartilage, bone, or overlying skin.  T3: Mucosal disease.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Tumor with regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor

description: A benign but locally infiltrating neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is more often intraosseous and less frequently extraosseous and occurs in the jaw. It is characterized by the presence of ameloblastoma-like epithelium, connective tissue stroma, ghost cells, and dysplastic dentin. Wide local resection is recommended for intraosseous neoplasms and enucleation for extraosseous neoplasms.


Unresectable Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Non-Neoplastic Pituitary Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pituitary gland.  Representative examples include pituitary gland hypoplasia and apoplexy.


Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.  Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. It has the tendency to recur and extend to adjacent structures.  Inverted papillomas are occasionally associated with the development or presence of carcinomas, usually squamous cell carcinomas.


Diffuse C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of morphologically bland C-cells with a diffuse growth pattern in the thyroid gland.


Malignant tumor of palate

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hard palate, soft palate, or uvula.


name: Oral Mucosa Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the oral mucosa.


Sinonasal Ameloblastoma

description: A locally aggressive, primarily gnathic (jaw) tumor with a high propensity for recurrence. It originates wholly within the sinonasal tract, without connection to gnathic sites, arising from sinonasal epithelium and showing histological features identical to those of its counterpart originating in the jaw. (WHO 2017)


Conventional ameloblastoma

description: An intraosseous ameloblastoma that arises from the jaw, usually the mandible.  It grows slowly, invades locally, and recurs frequently.  It presents with swelling of the jaw.


Head and Neck Melanocytic Neoplasm

description: A melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the skin or mucosal sites in the head and neck region.


Parotid Gland Sebaceous Lymphadenoma

description: A rare, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the parotid gland.  It is composed of irregular proliferating nests and islands of epithelium, including solid and gland-like sebaceous elements, surrounded by lymphoid stroma. Patients present with a progressively enlarging and painless mass.


Lingual Thyroid Gland

description: Ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue.


Hyperthyroidism with Hashimoto disease

description: Severe, transient hyperthyroidism associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.


canalicular adenoma of salivary gland

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm primarily composed of branching and interconnecting cords of single and double-cell thick rows of columnar epithelium in a very loose stroma. It often occurs in the upper lip, where only pleomorphic adenoma is more frequent. Asymptomatic swelling of the upper lip is the most common clinical finding. It may present clinically and histologically as a multifocal lesion, a feature not generally seen with other intraoral salivary gland tumors.


name: Thyroid Gland Spindle Cell Follicular Adenoma

description: A rare thyroid gland follicular adenoma composed predominantly of spindle cells.


Oral Verruca Vulgaris

description: Verruca vulgaris in the lips and oral cavity.


Malignant Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Middle Ear Paraganglioma

description: A jugulotympanic paraganglioma arising from paraganglia in the middle ear.


Thyroid Gland Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Dual Oxidase 2 Deficiency

description: Thyroid peroxidase system defect due to presumed mutation(s) in the DUOX2 gene, resulting in decreased activity of dual oxidase 2.


Transient hypothyroxinemia

description: Reduced concentration of thyroid hormone(s), usually associated with a non-thyroidal illness, that resolves spontaneously.


name: Refractory Malignant Pharyngeal Neoplasm

description: Malignant pharyngeal neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Non-Neoplastic Head and Neck Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region.


Diffuse endemic goiter

description: A diffuse goiter caused by inadequate iodine intake.


Laryngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the larynx.


Benign neoplasm of bone of skull

description: A neoplasm that arises from the bones and structures of skull and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Recurrent Skull Base Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of skull base carcinoma after a period of remission.


External Ear Actinic Keratosis

description: Actinic keratosis that develops in the skin of the external ear.


Non-Neoplastic Pharyngeal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the pharynx.  Representative examples include pharyngitis and mucositis.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma with Bizarre Nuclei

description: A thyroid gland adenoma containing follicular cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei.  The clinical course is benign.


Defective Thyroglobulin Synthesis

description: Impairment in the intracellular synthesis of thyroglobulin.


Parathyroid gland abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the parathyroid gland(s).


Hairy leukoplakia of tongue

description: An epithelial hyperplasia on the surface of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus and found almost exclusively in persons with HIV infection. The lesion consists of a white patch that is often corrugated or hairy.


Pharyngeal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the pharynx.


Head and Neck Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx.


Congenital thyroid hypoplasia

description: Incomplete development of the thyroid gland in a newborn.


Palatine Tonsil Hamartomatous Polyp

description: A rare hamartomatous polyp that arises from the palatine tonsil.


Erythroleukoplakia

description: Leukoplakia of the oral mucosa that is clinically characterized by the presence of erythematous or red and white patches.


Thyroid Gland Paraganglioma

description: A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the thyroid gland. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of tumor cells arranged in a nesting (Zellballen) growth pattern. The reported cases have followed a benign clinical course.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of thyroid gland

description: An exceedingly rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the thyroid gland.


Refractory Malignant Oral Neoplasm

description: Lip or oral cavity malignant neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Sinonasal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma

description: A benign acquired overgrowth of indigenous glands of the sinonasal tract arising from the surface epithelium. (WHO 2017)


Non-Neoplastic Tongue Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the tongue.


Sinonasal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Speckled oral leukoplakia

description: Non-homogenous leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Leukoplakia of tongue

description: A clinical term that indicates the presence of a white patch on the surface of the tongue which cannot be characterized as any other disease.  It may be a precancerous condition and in most cases histologic examination reveals keratosis.


Benign neoplasm of uvula

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uvula.


name: Thyroid Gland Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

description: A rare histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasm that affects the thyroid gland.


name: Middle Ear Inverted Sinonasal-Type Papilloma

description: An inverted papilloma that arises from the middle ear and resembles a sinonasal inverted papilloma.


Non-Neoplastic Salivary Gland Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the major or minor salivary glands.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of salivary gland

description: A very rare Hodgkin lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland.


name: Minor Salivary Gland Intraductal Papillary-Mucinous Neoplasm

description: A rare, low-grade epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that grows within and is limited to the duct system of the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by a proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the minor salivary gland ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. Cytologic and architectural atypia and mitotic activity are present. AKT1 gene mutations have been identified in the majority of cases. Morphologically it resembles the intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.


Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

description: A benign, intraosseous or extraosseous cystic neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It is characterized by the presence of a cyst lined by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells formation. The ghost cells may undergo calcification. It is treated with enucleation. Few recurrences have been reported for intraosseous neoplasms whereas no recurrences have been reported for extraosseous neoplasms.


Sinonasal Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


name: Stage IVC Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Head and Neck Nevus

description: A benign nevus that arises from the skin in the head and neck region.


Leukoplakia of larynx

description: A premalignant pathologic process that affects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx.  It appears as a localized or diffuse white patch on the laryngeal mucosa.  Morphologically it is characterized by the pathologic production of keratin in the mucosal epithelial surface with or without epithelial atypia.  It may progress to or co-exist with invasive squamous cell carcinoma.


Maxillofacial Osteoblastoma

description: A benign bone-forming neoplasm with prominent osteoblastic rimming arising in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis

description: A relatively common non-neoplastic inflammatory and degenerative lesion that affects the external ear. It is characterized by necrotic changes in the dermis and perichondrium. It usually affects the helix. Patients present with a painful nodule that contains a cup-shaped crater filled with necrotic debris, inflammatory cells, and fibrin. It is caused by helmets, headsets, actinic changes, and frostbite resulting in dermal microtraumas. It is often confused clinically with squamous or basal cell carcinoma, and it may recur.


name: Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor

description: A rare midline nasopharyngeal lesion that affects infants. It presents with respiratory distress due to nasal airway obstruction. It is a biphasic lesion characterized by the presence of epithelial and myoepithelial components. The histological features suggest that this lesion may be a hamartoma, rather than a neoplasm.


Maxillofacial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Sinonasal Exophytic Papilloma

description: A papilloma with an exophytic growth arising from the sinonasal track.


Suprasellar Germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from the suprasellar region.


Sinonasal Neurofibroma

description: A neurofibroma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


Central odontogenic fibroma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues in the mandible and maxilla (central odontogenic fibroma); and rarely from extraosseous tissues, usually in the gingiva (peripheral odontogenic fibroma). It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma. Local enucleation of the tumor is curative.


Orbit Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from the orbit.  Patients may present with visual disturbances or proptosis.


Head and Neck Erdheim-Chester Disease

description: Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the head and neck region. Patients present with xanthelasma-like lesions in the face, neck, and around the eyes.


Maxillofacial Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Diffuse goiter

description: Enlargement of the entire thyroid gland without discrete mass(es).


name: Thyroid Gland Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: An encapsulated or well-circumscribed thyroid gland tumor composed of well-differentiated follicular cells, in which capsular or vascular invasion is indeterminate.


Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis

description: A benign salivary gland lesion characterized by acinar atrophy, ductal hyperplasia, and epimyoepithelial islands in lymphoid stroma. (WHO 2017)


name: Cystic/Microcystic Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor characterized by cystic/microcystic changes.


Nasopharyngeal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx.


Neonatal hearing impairment

description: An abnormality that affects hearing within the first month after birth. It may or may not result in hearing loss.


Oral Cavity Adenoma

description: A monomorphic or pleomorphic adenoma that arises from the salivary glands in the oral cavity.


Soft Palate Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the soft palate and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Non-Calcifying/Langerhans Cell-Rich Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor

description: A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor that contains significant numbers of Langerhans cells.


Sinonasal Germ Cell Tumor

description: An exceptionally rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


name: Thyroid Gland Mucinous Follicular Adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of follicles and characterized by the presence of abundant extracellular mucin.


Iodine Deficiency Hypothyroidism

description: Hypothyroidism due to insufficient intake of iodine.