epithelial tube

description: Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


metanephric ureteric bud

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO].


epithelium of male urethra

description: An epithelium that is part of a male urethra.


pulmonary artery endothelium

description: An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery[GO].


renal tubule

description: A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


mesonephric tubule

description: A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].


renal cortex tubule

description: A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney.


male paramesonephric duct

description: An epithelial tube that develops from a Mullerian duct in a male. Later degenerates.


mesonephric connecting tubule

description: The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros.


jugular lymph sac

description: An embryonic lymph sac that forms at the junction of the future internal jugular/anterior cardinals and subclavian veins.


dental follicle

description: A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively.


mesonephric nephron tubule

description: A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO].


nephric duct

description: A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO].


distal tubule

description: The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that consists of the distal convoluted tubule and distal straight tubule segments.


efferent duct epithelium

description: An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct.


uriniferous tubule

description: Functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.


ejaculatory duct epithelium

description: The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands.


embryonic lymph sac

description: A population of lymphatic endothelial cell precursors that will form the lymph vessels.


metanephric proximal straight tubule

description: The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule[GO].


endothelial tube

description: Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition].


renal connecting tubule

description: The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO].


epithelium of pancreatic duct

description: An epithelium that is part of a pancreatic duct.


mammary duct

description: Epithelial tube that transports milk[GO].


arborizing epithelial duct system

description: A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.


proximal straight tubule

description: The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


ureteric bud trunk

description: Ureteric bud cells that elongate to form a rigid structure (stalk) consisting of polarized epithelial cells without branching; the stalks differentiate into the collecting system of the mature kidney, while the tip cells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into nephrons.


anterior mesonephric tubule

description: Missing definition for term UBERON:0005104. Please replace it using linked reference.


embryonic cisterna chyli

description: An embryonic lymph sac that is dorsal to the retroperitoneal lymph sac, at the level of the adrenal glands.


heart tube

description: An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.


posterior mesonephric tubule

description: Missing definition for term UBERON:0005105. Please replace it using linked reference.


paroophoron

description: A collection of a few scattered rudimentary tubules child, situated in the broad ligament between the epoophoron and the uterus.


metanephric loop of Henle

description: The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO].


name: outer medulla outer stripe loop of Henle

description: A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla outer stripe.


metanephric nephron tubule

description: A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO].


name: transitional epithelium of prostatic urethra


dorsal pancreatic bud

description: Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.


ventral pancreatic bud

description: Pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct.


epithelial sac

description: An epithelial tube that is open at one end only.


mammary duct terminal end bud

description: A unique club-shaped epithelial structure that develops at the tip of the mammary duct at the onset of puberty under the action of circulating hormones.


pleuroperitoneal canal

description: Each of the canals that links the peritoneal cavity and the caudal part of a pleural cavity.


mesonephric distal tubule

description: The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the mesonephric connecting tubule.


primary ureteric bud

description: Missing definition for term UBERON:0005312. Please replace it using linked reference.


pronephric proximal convoluted tubule

description: A proximal convoluted tubule that is part of a pronephros.


proximal tubule

description: In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


iliac lymph sac

description: An embryonic lymph sac that forms near the junction of the iliac veins with the posterior cardinal veins.


secretory coil of eccrine sweat gland

description: Tightly coiled tubule whose function is the production of sweat. The secretory tubule has three types of cells: clear, dark, and myoepithelial.


name: distal straight tubule postmacula segment


metanephric distal convoluted tubule

description: The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is a portion of the metanephric nephron tubule that connects the metanephric loop of Henle to the collecting duct[GO].


male mammary gland duct

description: A mammary gland duct that is part of a male organism. This structure typically regresses.


accessory lymph sac

description: An extracoelomic lateral abdominal space that accumulates body fluid.


thick ascending limb of loop of Henle

description: The distal sub-portion of the ascending loop of Henle which is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and enters the renal cortex to empty a hypotonic filtrate into the distal convoluted tubule.


metanephric distal tubule

description: The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule[GO].


primitive metanephric nephron

description: A primitive nephron that is part of a metanephros.


Rathkes pouch epithelium

description: An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch.


ureteric bud tip

description: The terminal end of the ureteric tree; the ureteric tip cells are proliferating immature cells located at the branching points that induce the adjacent cap mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis.


Malpighian tubule

description: A tubule that extends from the posterior part of the digestive tract which absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut[WP,modified].


metanephric connecting tubule

description: The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO].


mammary gland cord

description: The solid cord of epithelial cells that emerges from the mammary bud and grows down from the primary mammary mesenchyme and into a second stromal compartment, the fat pad precursor, beneath the dermis.


epithelial tube open at both ends

description: An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow.


neural tube

description: In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].


metanephric ascending thin limb

description: The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO].


tubotympanic recess epithelium

description: The dorsal portion of the embryonic first endodermal pharyngeal pouch; it develops into the middle ear cavity.


pancreatic epithelial bud

description: The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID].


retroperitoneal embryonic lymph sac

description: An embryonic lymph sac that forms in the root of the mesentery on the posterior abdominal wall.


ear vesicle

description: An epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP].


infundibular recess of 3rd ventricle

description: A funnel-shaped diverticulum that extends downward from the anterior aspect of the floor of the third ventricle into the infundibulum of the hypophysis; the embryonic structure gives rise the neural component of the pituitary (pas nervosa).


name: loop of Henle ascending limb thin segment

description: A sub-portion of the loop of Henle in the nephron of the kidney that is permeable to ions but not to water.


future common hepatic duct

description: An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct.


paradidymis

description: A small collection of convoluted tubules, situated in front of the lower part of the cord above the head of the epididymis. These tubes are lined with columnar ciliated epithelium, and probably represent the remains of a part of the Wolffian body but are functionless and vestigial. The Wolffian body operates as a kidney (metanephros) in fishes and amphibians, but the corresponding tissue is co-opted to form parts of the male reproductive system in other classes of vertebrate. The paradidymis represents a remnant of an unused, atrophied part of the Wolffian body[WP,modified].


epithelial plexus

description: A complex of interlinking epithelial tubules.


mesonephric early distal tubule

description: The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.


ureter ureteric bud

description: The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO].


capillary bed

description: A localized group of blood capillaries.


hepatic diverticulum

description: An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.


renal straight tubule

description: Any region of a nephron tubule that is straight. Examples: distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble.


capillary loop nephron

description: Developing nephron where the developing glomerular capsule has been invaded by a glomerular capillary loop called the glomerular tuft.


pronephric nephron tubule

description: The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct[GO].


name: outer medulla inner stripe loop of Henle

description: A loop of Henle that is part of a kidney outer medulla inner stripe.


respiratory system arterial endothelium

description: An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


epithelium of duct of salivary gland

description: An epithelium that is part of a duct of salivary gland.


mesonephric proximal tubule

description: The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


intermediate tubule

description: The intermediate tubule is a nephron tubule that lies between the proximal and distal tubules.


pronephric duct

description: In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP].


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule

description: The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO].


perineural vascular plexus

description: The capillary bed that initially surrounds the relative avascular brain and spinal cord; the perineural vascular plexus (PNVP) is the precursor to the blood brain barrier formed by angioblasts which migrate away from somites and is recruited to surround the neural tube in response to VEGF; vascularization of the brain and spinal cord occurs via angiogenesis as sprouting vessels from the PNVP invade the neuroepithelium and grow inward toward the ventricular lumen[MP].


epididymis epithelium

description: The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis.


metanephric thick ascending limb

description: At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule[GO].


mesonephric duct

description: Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA].


primitive nephron

description: An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron.


placental artery endothelium

description: An endothelium that is part of the placental artery.


inner renal medulla loop of Henle

description: A loop of Henle that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition].


ureteric bud

description: An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP].


umbilical artery endothelium

description: An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery.


epithelium of female urethra

description: An epithelium that is part of a female urethra.


name: premacula segment of distal straight tubule

description: Missing definition for term UBERON:0006376. Please replace it using linked reference.


pronephric proximal straight tubule

description: A proximal straight tubule that is part of a pronephros.


metanephric tubule

description: A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros[GO].


metanephric proximal tubule

description: The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO].


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


A 4-hydroxy-D-proline in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has S-configuration.


name: mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex

description: A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.


Stage II Lip Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Lower Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the lower gingiva.


name: Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity recurrent

description: Reemergence of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity after a period of remission.


Tongue Verrucous Carcinoma

description: A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising from the tongue.  It is an exophytic, warty, slow growing tumor, usually affecting older males. It is associated with the chronic use of smokeless tobacco.


Buccal Mucosa Verrucous Carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the buccal mucosa.


Oral Cavity Carcinoma Cuniculatum

description: A variant of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It is characterized by the presence of minimal cytological atypia, multiple keratin-filled crypts, and intraepithelial neutrophils.


Upper Gingival Verrucous Carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the upper gingiva.


Positive Laboratory Test Result

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A laboratory test result that indicates that a specific disease, condition, or attribute being assessed is present.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Positive

description: Indicates that human immunodeficiency virus 1 has been detected in a sample.


Disseminated Tumor Cells Positive

description: An indication that single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells have been detected in a tissue sample.


Monoclonal Band

description: Monoclonal immunoglobulin or monoclonal light chain that is present in the serum and/or urine. It is the result of a clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferation.


Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive

description: A laboratory test result indicating the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a sample.


Sad1-Kms1 LINC complex

description: A LINC complex implicated in the connection of DNA double strand breaks to the cytoskeleton during DNA double-strand break repair.


interleukin-15 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-15 (IL-15) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha, beta and gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain is unique to binds IL-15 while it shares the beta chain with the IL-2 receptor and the cytokine receptor common gamma chain with multiple interleukin receptors.


Refractory Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

description: Hairy cell leukemia variant that is resistant to treatment.


name: HHV-8-Associated Multicentric Castleman Disease

description: Multicentric Castleman disease associated with HHV8 infection.


intralobular bile duct

description: The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule.


intrahepatic bile duct

description: Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.


Sellar Chondroid Chordoma

description: A chondroid chordoma that arises from the sellar region.


Conventional Chordoma

description: A malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the fetal notochord. It is characterized by the presence of large epithelioid cells with clear to light eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some of the cells are large with bubbly, vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliphorous cells). The cells form cords and nests that are embedded within an extracellular myxoid matrix.


name: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase complex

description: A catalytic protein complex that is capable of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity.


medial palpebral artery

description: The medial palpebral arteries (internal palpebral arteries) are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior.


palpebral artery

description: An artery that supplies blood to an eyelid.


lateral palpebral artery

description: The lateral palpebral arteries are small arteries which supply the eyelid.


name: temporal branch of lateral pretrosal artery

description: Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the eyelids.


description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by the absence of features that resemble intestinal adenocarcinoma.


Recurrent Malignant Mastocytosis

description: The reemergence of malignant mastocytosis after a period of remission.


Recurrent Mast Cell Leukemia

description: The reemergence of mast cell leukemia after a period of remission.


name: Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain with Dysfunctional Breathing

description: A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain associated with inappropriate hyperpnea or tachypnea. (ACC/AHA)


Psychogenic Musculoskeletal Chest Pain

description: A condition in which there is the sensation of musculoskeletal chest pain due to a conversion disorder. (ACC/AHA)


Sellar Gangliocytoma

description: A tumor that arises in the sellar region and is characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and neuronal differentiation. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors/adenomas.


Double-Negative Prostate Carcinoma

description: A metastatic, castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that is composed of fibroblast growth factor-driven malignant cells.


name: Castration-Resistant Prostate Carcinoma Refractory to Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Axis-Targeted Agents

description: Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma which is refractory to second-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted agents, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide.


name: Intermediate Atypical Prostate Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, castration-resistant, histologically distinct, metastatic carcinoma arising from the prostate gland. It is characterized by the presence of a pure population of cytologically bland malignant epithelial cells with moderate to abundant cytoplasm and rare mitotic figures. The prognosis is poor.


Aggressive Variant Prostate Carcinoma

description: A lethal form of advanced castration-resistant prostate carcinoma that emerges in the later stages of castration-resistant treatment. It is an adaptive response to androgen receptor pathway inhibition. The morphologic features vary, ranging from poorly differentiated carcinomas to mixed adenocarcinoma-small cell carcinomas to pure small cell carcinomas expressing neuroendocrine markers. Clinically, it manifests with rapidly progressive disease, visceral or lytic bone metastases and bulky tumor masses. Molecular studies have shown the loss of tumor suppressor genes TP53 and RB1.


Advanced Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: An advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis.


allylamine antifungal drug

An organonitrogen compound that contains an amino group that is attached to a carbon which is itself attached to an olefinic carbon and which has been used as an antifungal drug.


Situs inversus thoracis

description: A congenital condition in which there is complete right-to-left reversal of the position of the thoracic organs.


Urethritis Glandularis

description: A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the urethra.  It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the urethral wall.  The cysts are lined by metaplastic glandular cells.


Dialysis Catheter Tunnel Infection

description: Local infection involving the subcutaneously tunneled portion of a dialysis catheter.


name: Oncocytic Variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A rare variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that exhibits oncocytoma-like features.


name: Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8


hippocampal mossy fiber expansion

description: Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites.


name: alphaV-beta3 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


ESOXYBUTYNIN

A 4-(diethylamino)but-2-yn-1-ol yhat has S configuration. In contrast to the (R)- enantiomer, esoxybutynin exhibits essentially no anticholinergic activity.


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IVB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


posterior communicating artery

description: One of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it is one portion of the terminal trifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are the other two branches of the trifurcation. Posteriorly, it communicates with the posterior cerebral artery.


communicating artery

description: An artery that connects two larger arteries.


anterior communicating artery

description: A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis.


Astrocytoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A central nervous system tumor with morphological features of astrocytoma in which there is insufficient information on the IDH genes status.


name: Ciliary Body Benign Teratoid Medulloepithelioma

description: A rare, unilateral, benign embryonal neoplasm typically presenting as a ciliary body mass during childhood. It arises from primitive medullary epithelium and contains heterologous elements, particularly cartilage, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue.


Recurrent Extragonadal Seminoma

description: The reemergence of extragonadal seminoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

description: The reemergence of malignant extragonadal germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Malignant Extragonadal Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

description: The reemergence of a malignant extragonadal nongerminomatous germ cell tumor after a period of remission.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Invasive cervical carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with maximum depth of invasion less than 5 mm. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion equal or more than 3 mm and less than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Cervical carcinoma with measured stromal invasion less than 3 mm in depth. (FIGO 2018)


prescapular lymph node

description: A lymph node located in front of the shoulder.


QUINOXALINE

A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.


name: Stage I Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Infiltrating Intramuscular Lipoma

description: An infiltrating lipoma that affects skeletal muscle.  It has a higher rate of local recurrence.


name: Refractory Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma

description: Endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Campylobacter jejuni infection

description: An infection that is caused by Campylobacter jejuni.


Small Intestinal Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the small intestine.


Duodenal Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the duodenum.


left cardiac atrium

description: A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis.  (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Cervical Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma in which more than 50% of malignant cells contain intracytoplasmic mucin. There is no evidence of gastric, intestinal, or signet ring cell differentiation.


Localized PRETEX IV Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX IV hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


glycerolipid

Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.


A 3-sn-glycerophosphoserine compound having acyl substituents at the 1- and 2-hydroxy positions.


triradylglycerol

A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741)


glyceride

Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


phosphatidyl-L-serine

A class of aminophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of serine.


glycerophospholipid

Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone.


triglyceride

Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.


name: Hepatitis Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


Stage IIIA Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver

description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm that arises from the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.  Patients may be asymptomatic or present with an abdominal mass, ascites, and jaundice.


name: Stage I Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0). T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: A fibrolamellar carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Hepatoblastoma with Pure Fetal Epithelial Differentiation

description: A hepatoblastoma composed of small cells resembling the fetal hepatocytes, forming thin trabeculae.


name: Recurrent Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


name: Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Hepatoblastoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of hepatoblastoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IV Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage 0 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


BCLC Stage D Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Localized PRETEX III Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX III hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Adult Liver Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


Liver Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma that affects the liver.


Stage IV Liver Cancer

description: Stage IV carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Metastatic Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: A fibrolamellar carcinoma that has spread from the liver to another anatomic site.


name: Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


PRETEXT IV Hepatoblastoma

description: An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves all 4 quadrants; there is no quadrant free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Non-Resectable Malignant Liver Neoplasm

description: A malignant liver neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Adult Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A pleomorphic hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 2

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the tier 2 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2. It includes localized tumors, metastatic tumors, and the PRETEXT system. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: BCLC Stage C Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor of the Liver

description: A rare, aggressive primary malignant tumor of the liver that occurs in childhood.  It is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate of undifferentiated cells with rhabdoid features.


Adult Liver Embryonal Sarcoma

description: An embryonal sarcoma of the liver that occurs during adulthood.


Stage II Liver Cancer

description: Stage II carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


Postsurgical Stage III Hepatoblastoma

description: No distant metastases, tumor unresectable or resected with gross residual tumor, or positive lymph nodes. (from PDQ 2004)


PRETEXT III Hepatoblastoma

description: An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 3 adjoining quadrants or 2 nonadjoining quadrants; 1 quadrant or 2 nonadjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Refractory Hepatoblastoma

description: Hepatoblastoma that does not respond to treatment.


Uveal Melanoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A melanoma that originates from melanocytes of the uveal tract and has spread to the liver.


name: Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor larger than 2 cm with vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, none larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Liver Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


name: Stage IV Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Liver Cancer

description: Stage III carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Epithelial Hepatoblastoma with Pleomorphic Pattern

description: Epithelial hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of fetal or embryonal cells showing nuclear pleomorphism. Malignant giant cells may be present.


Stage IIIC Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage I Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the liver.


name: Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

description: A mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hepatoblastoma characterized by the absence of heterologous elements, muscle, cartilage or osteoid.


name: Stage IIIA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Liver Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the liver and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


name: Moderately Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm forming trabecular and pseudoglandular patterns.  It is usually associated with tumors that are larger than 3 cm in diameter.


name: Hepatocellular carcinoma, spindle cell variant

description: A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells or atypical giant cells.


carcinosarcoma of liver

description: An aggressive carcinoma with a sarcomatous component that arises from the liver.  The sarcomatous component is clonally related to the more differentiated, carcinomatous component.  The prognosis is usually poor.


Hepatic cancer stage IVA

description: Stage IVA carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


name: Stage II Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with intrahepatic vascular invasion, or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Hepatocellular Malignant Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A rare childhood malignant liver neoplasm with overlapping features of hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.


name: Stage I Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Locally Advanced Liver Carcinoma

description: Liver carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Teratoid Hepatoblastoma

description: A mixed epithelial and mesenchymal hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of heterologous elements. The latter include neuroectoderm, endoderm, or melanin-holding cells. Muscle, cartilage and osteoid may or may not be present.


BCLC Stage B Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may benefit from chemoembolization. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Kaposi's sarcoma of liver

description: A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the liver.


name: Stage IA Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Solitary tumor equal to or less than 5 cm without vascular invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of diffuse neutrophil infiltrates within the tumor.


Stage IIIB Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


name: Stage 0 Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intraductal tumor). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Unresectable Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma

description: Liver carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Childhood Liver Embryonal Sarcoma

description: An embryonal sarcoma of the liver that occurs during childhood.


name: Recurrent Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Malignant Liver Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant non-epithelial neoplasm that affects the liver.


name: BCLC Stage B Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma


name: Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to hepatocellular carcinomas and fibrolamellar carcinomas (fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma). Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas, and sarcomas of the liver are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


name: Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis B virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


name: Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following hepatitis C virus exposure and injury of the liver parenchyma.


name: BCLC Stage 0 Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Very early hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients are optimal candidates for resection. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Localized Non-Resectable Adult Liver Carcinoma

description: A localized hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Childhood Liver Cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm of the liver that occurs during childhood and has recurred after a period of remission.


Liver Yolk Sac Tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the liver.


Stage I Liver Carcinoma

description: Stage I carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: An adenocarcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


name: Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Postsurgical Stage IV Hepatoblastoma

description: Distant metastases, regardless of the extent of liver involvement. (from PDQ 2004)


name: Localized Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier1

description: Tumor confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Small Cell Undifferentiated Hepatoblastoma

description: A hepatoblastoma composed exclusively of noncohesive sheets of small undifferentiated cells. Cases showing loss of INI1 nuclear staining should be classified as rhabdoid tumors.


name: Metastatic Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 2

description: Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Postsurgical Stage I Hepatoblastoma

description: No metastases, tumor completely resected. (from PDQ 2004)


name: Well Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with mild atypia and an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio forming thin trabecular patterns.  It is usually associated with small tumors and an early stage.


name: Stage IB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0. T1b: Solitary tumor larger than 5 cm without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: A fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Liver Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of liver carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IVA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: BCLC Stage A Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Metastatic Hepatoblastoma

description: Hepatoblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage, Tier 1

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood hepatoblastoma according to the tier 1 Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Stage II Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors, with or without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


name: Stage III Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hepatoblastoma by PRETEXT Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatoblastoma, following the rules of the PRETEXT (pre-treatment extent of tumor) system.


Localized PRETEX I Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX I hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hepatoblastoma resectable

description: Hepatoblastoma amenable to surgical removal.


name: Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein, or tumor(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Localized Unresectable Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A localized hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood and it is not amenable to surgical resection.


Adult Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Poorly Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant pleomorphic cells forming solid patterns.


Recurrent Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of fibrolamellar carcinoma after a period of remission.


undifferentiated carcinoma of liver

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the liver.  The diagnosis is made by immunohistochemical studies.  Morphologic studies alone cannot establish the diagnosis of carcinoma or further subclassify the malignant tumor.


description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that develops following alcohol-induced injury of the liver parenchyma.


name: Stage IVB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients may receive new agents in the setting of randomized controlled trials. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Stage I Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Solitary tumor without vascular invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


Hepatoblastoma by Postsurgical Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatoblastoma according to post-operative findings.


Pleomorphic Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells which show marked variation in their size and shape. Bizarre mononuclear or multinucleated giant cells are often present.


name: Stage IIIB Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3a, N0, M0); IIIB: (T3b, N0, M0); IIIC: (T4, N0, M0). T3a: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm. T3b: Single tumor or multiple tumors of any size involving a major branch of the portal vein or hepatic vein. T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or involving the local extra hepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


name: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of liver

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


PRETEXT I Hepatoblastoma

description: An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves only 1 quadrant; 3 adjoining liver quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


name: Hepatocellular Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hepatocellular carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Childhood Liver Angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the liver during childhood. Most cases arise within preexisting liver infantile hemangiomas.


Epithelial Hepatoblastoma

description: A subtype of hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of an epithelial component and absence of mesenchymal elements. It includes hepatoblastoma with pure fetal epithelial differentiation, hepatoblastoma with combined fetal and embryonal epithelial differentiation, macrotrabecular hepatoblastoma, and small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma (small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma with loss of INI1 nuclear staining should be classified as rhabdoid tumor).


Hepatocellular Carcinoma by BCLC Stage

description: A staging classification system for hepatocellular carcinoma that uses variables related to tumor stage, liver functional status, physical status, and cancer-related symptoms, and links the stages with a treatment algorithm. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Metastatic Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 1

description: Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Hepatoblastoma non-resectable

description: Hepatoblastoma not amenable to surgical removal.


name: Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of intrahepatic bile duct cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (mixed hepatocholangiocarcinomas), and primary neuroendocrine tumors of the liver. Primary sarcomas of the liver, pure hepatocellular carcinomas, hilar cholangiocarcinomas, and gallbladder carcinomas are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage III Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T3: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum. T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Chromophobe Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with smooth chromophobic cytoplasm, abrupt focal nuclear anaplasia, and scattered microscopic pseudocysts.


Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of hepatocellular carcinoma after a period of remission


BCLC Stage A Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Early hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients are candidates for radical therapies (resection, liver transplantation, or percutaneous treatments). (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


Refractory Liver Carcinoma

description: Liver carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IVB Liver Cancer

description: Stage IVB carcinoma of the liver according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th and 8th editions.


Metastatic PRETEX III Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX III hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Refractory Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Localized PRETEX II Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX II hepatoblastoma confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Metastatic carcinoma to liver

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the liver from another primary anatomic site.  Representative examples include metastatic carcinomas from the colon, breast, and lung.


name: Localized Childhood Hepatoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, Tier 2

description: Tumor confined to the liver including regional lymph nodes. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A low grade, well differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It lacks obvious stromal invasion and significant atypia.


Metastatic PRETEX IV Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX IV hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Liver Plasmacytoma

description: A plasmacytoma that arises in the liver.


name: Stage II Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Solitary tumor with vascular invasion or multiple tumors none more than 5 cm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


description: A rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pleomorphic malignant cells that are intermixed with lymphocytes.


name: Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); IIIC: (Any T, Any N, M0).  IIIA: T3: Multiple tumors more than 5 cm or tumor involving a major branch of the portal or hepatic vein(s).  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


PRETEXT II Hepatoblastoma

description: An internationally developed presurgical anatomic staging system using imaging techniques: Tumor involves 2 adjoining quadrants; 2 adjoining quadrants are free of tumor. (from PDQ 2004)


Stage IV Adult Liver Cancer AJCC v7

description: For hepatocellular carcinoma: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis.  For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Stage IVA includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor with periductal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Hepatoblastoma with Combined Fetal and Embryonal Epithelial Differentiation

description: A hepatoblastoma composed of cells resembling fetal epithelial cells and small round cells resembling blastema cells.


name: Rectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the rectum and has spread to the liver.


name: Adult Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma

description: A combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Stage IIIA Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Multiple tumors, at least one of which is larger than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIC Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Tumors(s) with direct invasion of adjacent organs other than the gallbladder or with perforation of visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Liver Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the liver and occurs during childhood.


name: BCLC Stage D Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: End-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.  Patients will receive symptomatic treatment. (HPB (Oxford) 2005; 7(1):35-41)


name: Macrotrabecular Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by more than 50% growth of macrotrabecular pattern (equal to or more than 6 to 10 cells thick). It presents with higher grade and stage compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. It has poor prognosis with early recurrence and poor overall survival.


name: Stage II Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Metastatic PRETEX II Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX II hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to hepatocellular carcinoma that presents as a single tumor with the largest diameter measuring 2 cm or less. The liver function is well-preserved and there is no vascular invasion or metastasis. (Barcelona Liver Cancer Classification).


name: Stage IIIB Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor involving local extrahepatic structures by direct invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


description: Hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of steatohepatitis features, including macrovesicular steatosis, fibrosis, ballooning of malignant hepatocytes, Mallory bodies, and inflammation.


name: Colorectal Carcinoma Metastatic in the Liver

description: A carcinoma that originates from the colorectal area and has spread to the liver.


Metastatic PRETEX I Hepatoblastoma

description: PRETEX I hepatoblastoma with distant metastases. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Small Progressed Hepatocellular Carcinoma

description: A well to moderately differentiated small hepatocellular carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of obvious stromal invasion and increase atypia compared with early hepatocellular carcinoma.


Recurrent Adult Liver Carcinoma

description: A hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurs during adulthood and has recurred after a period of remission.


name: Grade II Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of moderate architectural and cytologic abnormalities.


name: Testicular Tumor of the Thecoma/Fibroma Group

description: A group of rare, slow-growing stromal tumors that arise from the testis.  This category includes thecoma and fibroma.


Testicular Signet Ring Stromal Tumor

description: An extremely rare tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelioid cells with signet ring appearance separated by fibrous tissue into trabeculae and nests. The histologic features are bland and there is no mucin production. Mutations of CTNNB1 gene have been identified in the reported cases. It is considered a special type of sex cord-stromal tumor. All reported cases had a benign clinical course without metastases.


name: recurrent childhood acute myeloid leukemia

description: The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia in childhood after a period of remission.


name: Stage IV Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, M1b. M1b: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm with all other distant metastases. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Childhood Unfavorable Prognosis Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma with unfavorable prognosis that occurs during childhood.


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

description: An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-endosome membrane contact site

description: A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the endosome membrane.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


name: vacuole-mitochondrion membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between the vacuolar membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane, important for transfer of lipids between the two organelles.


mitochondrial crista junction

description: A tubular structure of relatively uniform size that connects a mitochondrial crista to the mitochondrial inner boundary membrane.


name: mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

description: Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


nucleus-vacuole junction

description: An organelle membrane contact site formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site

description: A contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the plasma membrane, structured by bridging complexes.


Acquired Factor III Deficiency

description: An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III deficiency

description: A coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Factor III Inactivation

description: Presence of inactivating antibodies to tissue factor (factor III) in the blood.


Hereditary Factor III Deficiency

description: An autosomal recessive, inherited coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue factor (factor III) activity in the blood.


Acardius

description: A severe form of twin-twin transfusion syndrome that occurs in monochorionic pregnancies. The normal twin (pump twin) supplies the blood flow to its sibling that lacks heart or brain or both (acardiac/acephalic twin). Untreated, it may lead to the demise of the pump twin in some cases.


Suture Abrasion

description: Wearing away of the surface of a suture as a result of bending and frictional forces.


skin abrasion

description: Superficial damage to the skin caused by rubbing or scraping.


Parkinson Disease 9

description: An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the ATP13A2 gene, encoding polyamine-transporting ATPase 13A2.


name: Parkinson Disease 23, Autosomal Recessive, Early Onset

description: An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the VPS13C gene, encoding intermembrane lipid transfer protein VPS13C.


Parkinson Disease 20, Early-Onset

description: An autosomal recessive subtype of Parkinson disease, caused by mutation(s) in the SYNJ1 gene, encoding synaptojanin-1.


Benign neoplasm of supraglottis

description: A neoplasm that arises from the supraglottis and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Z granule

description: A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells that are distinct from, but colocalize with or are adjacent to, P granules and mutator foci and are associated with RNA metabolism. Z granules have been observed in C. elegans.


Yb body

description: A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.


TIS granule

description: A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm that is formed by the RNA-binding protein TIS11B and RNA molecules, enriched in membrane protein-encoding mRNAs with multiple AU-rich elements. TIS granules are reticular meshworks intertwined with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).


GW body

description: A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. GW-bodies minimally contain the Argonaute2 (Ago2) and TNRC6B proteins, together with specific target RNAs.


RNP body

description: A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm of bacteria, minimally containing the RNase E protein and RNA molecules. Bacterial RNP-bodies are similar to eukaryotic P-bodies and stress granules.


name: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia without maturation occurring in children.


name: transitional glandular epithelium of anorectum

description: Glandular epithelium of the anal transition zone. The anal transition zone is defined loosely as the tissue interposed between the uninterrupted squamous epithelium of the anoderm and the uninterrupted mucosal epithelium of the anal canal in the anorectum.


aortic valve anulus

description: The fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps.


TRC complex

description: A protein complex found in yeast that contains GET4, MDY2 (GET5), SGT2, and at least two heat shock proteins, HSP104 and YBR137W. The TRC complex transfers tail-anchored (TA) proteins to GET3 for targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


Parasite-Related Carcinoma

description: A term that refers to a group of carcinomas that are caused by parasites.


name: Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


name: Schistosoma Hematobium-Related Bladder Verrucous Carcinoma

description: A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that is caused by Schistosoma hematobium.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to choroid

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the choroid from another anatomic site.


Gallbladder Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder.


Childhood Osteochondroma

description: An osteochondroma that occurs during childhood.


Osteochondromatosis

description: An autosomal dominant neoplastic chondrogenic process affecting multiple sites. It is caused by mutations in the EXT1 or EXT2 genes.  Grossly and microscopically, the lesions resemble an osteochondroma.


Maxillofacial Osteochondroma

description: A rare osteochondroma that arises from a maxillofacial bone.


Childhood Chondroblastoma

description: A chondroblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Maxillofacial Chondroblastoma

description: A benign chondroid-producing neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone.


Jaw Chondromyxoid Fibroma

description: A chondromyxoid fibroma that arises from the jaw.


Laryngeal Chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from hyaline cartilage of the larynx. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Maxillofacial Chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm of hyaline cartilage that arises within the medullary cavity of a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Childhood Chondromyxoid Fibroma

description: A chondromyxoid fibroma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Subungual Exostosis

description: Subungual exostosis that occurs during childhood.


Maxillofacial Chondromyxoid Fibroma

description: An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Chondromatosis

description: A multifocal benign neoplasm arising from bone or soft tissue.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes and is composed of hyaline cartilage.


name: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation

description: A benign lesion that usually affects the proximal small bones of the hands or feet.  Grossly it consists of a cartilage cap and a bony stalk.  Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of spindle cells, cartilage, and bone, usually in a disorganized pattern compared to subungual exostosis.  Enlarged (bizarre) chondrocytes are present in the cartilage.  Swelling with or without pain is present.  Recurrences following resection have been reported in approximately half of cases.


Solitary Osteochondroma

description: An osteochondroma affecting a single anatomical site.


Uterine Obstruction

description: Blockage of the uterine outlet. Causes include uterine tumors and adhesions.


Tactile Disorder

description: Conditions characterized by an alteration in the ability to perceive touch.


Refractory Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Central Nervous System Lymphoma

description: Central nervous system lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma

description: Primary cutaneous lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory EBV-Related Lymphoma

description: EBV-related lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity refractory

description: Mixed cellularity classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Classical Hodgkin lymphoma refractory

description: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Primary Bone Lymphoma

description: Primary lymphoma of bone that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Hodgkin lymphoma resistant to treatment


name: Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis refractory

description: Nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type refractory

description: Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the sinonasal tract.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Paranasal Sinus Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses.


Paranasal Sinus Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the paranasal sinuses.


Nasal Cavity Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity.


Nasal Cavity Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Nasal Cavity Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity.


Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses.


Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well-differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the head and neck.


Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well-differentiated, intermediate grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the larynx.


Post abortion hemorrhage

description: Excessive bleeding occurring after spontaneous miscarriage or therapeutic abortion.


name: Refractory Bladder Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: 18,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 18,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


vitamin D4

It is present in mushrooms.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-methoxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(6-hydroxyhexyl)cholecalciferol


name: 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxavitamin D3 3-hemiglutarate/ 1,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacholecalciferol 3-hemiglutarate


name: (6R)-vitamin D2 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct / (6R)-ergocalciferol 6,19-sulfur dioxide adduct


previtamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.


23(S),25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 23 (with 23S-configuration) and an oxo group at position 24. An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 25-OH-vitamin D3.


name: 24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 / 24-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-25,26,27-trinorcholecalciferol


name: 24-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 / 24-fluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol


(20S,24S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 24 (both with S-configuration).


name: 2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 2alpha-chloro-1beta,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: (20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homovitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,20,25-trihydroxy-24a-homocholecalciferol


name: (6R)-vitamin D3 6,19-(4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) adduct


name: (24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-dihydroxy-6,19-dihydrovitamin D3 / (24R)-6,19-epidioxy-1,24-di hydroxy-6,19-dihydrocholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azavitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxo-23-azaergocalciferol


name: (24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: (23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylvitamin D3 / (23R)-1alpha,23,25-trihydroxy-23-methylcholecalciferol


name: 25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrovitamin D3 / 25-hydroxy-16,17-didehydrocholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-18-oxocholecalciferol


calcidiol 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)vitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11alpha-(hydroxymethyl)cholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / 1alpha,24,25,28-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanovitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-(26,26)-(27,27)-diethanocholecalciferol


1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2

Metabolite of vitamin D2. It  present in the circulation of humans, cows, and rats given pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity.


(20S)-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 20 with S-configuration.


18-acetoxy-1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that is calciol with an additional hydroxy group at position C-1 and an acetoxy group at C-18.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-23-oxacholecalciferol


(20S,23)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 23.


name: (25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (25R)-26,26,26-trifluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha-Hydroxy-25,26,27-trinorvitamin D3 24-carboxylic acid


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epivitamin D2 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-epiergocalciferol


name: (23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrovitamin D3 / (23Z)-25-hydroxy-16,17,23,24-tetradehydrocholecalciferol


name: (23S,25R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactol / (23S,25R)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol 26,23-lactol


vitamin D5

A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group.


name: (10e)-19-(3-carboxylpropyl)vitamin d3 / (10e)-19-(3-carboxylpropyl)cholecalciferol


name: (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxyvitamin D3 / (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxy-20-methoxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a,24b-dihomo-22-oxacholecalciferol


name: (24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D2 / (24R)-1alpha,24,25,26-tetrahydroxyergocalciferol


name: (24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25S)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / 23,23-difluoro-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24a-homo-22-thiacholecalciferol


name: 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 25-trimethylsilyl ether


name: (24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24S,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


1alpha,2beta,25-trihydroxy vitamin D3

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha, 2beta and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 which contains an oxolane ring and exhibits weak vitamin D receptor agonist activity


D3 vitamins

A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with an acetoxy group at C-18.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxavitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-nor-22-oxacholecalciferol


A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


5,6-trans-vitamin D3

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the double bond at position 5 adopts a trans-configuration. During exposure to sunlight, previtamin D3 and vitamin D3 in the skin become photoisomerized to 5,6-trans-vitamin D3.


tacalcitol

A hydroxy seco-steroid that is calciol which carries hydroxy groups at positions 1S and 24R. It is a vitamin D3 analog which is used for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris in adults, especially on the scalp.


(20S,24R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 24 (with R-configuration).


20(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration) and 25.


doxercalciferol

A hydroxy seco-steroid and synthetic vitamin D2 analogue that undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D2), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D2. It is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which the body produces excess parathyroid hormone (PTH; a natural substance needed to control the amount of calcium in the blood) in certain people with chronic kidney disease.


ERCALCITRIOL

A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.


name: 26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 / 26,26,26-trifluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol


calcidiol 25-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)

A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is calcidiol in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue.


name: 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxyvitamin D3 / 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-11beta-methoxycholecalciferol


name: (24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 / (24R,25R)-25,26-epoxy-1alpha,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol


nerve of cervical vertebra

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].


Splenic Plasmacytoma

description: A plasmacytoma that arises in the spleen.


name: Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable

description: A small B-cell clonal lymphoproliferative disorder of the spleen that does not fall into any of the other categories of mature B-cell neoplasms.


Malignant Splenic Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the spleen.


Recurrent Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

description: The reemergence of hairy cell leukemia variant after a period of remission.


name: Splenic Manifestation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive

description: Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp and sinusoids of the spleen by chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.


name: Splenic Manifestation of B-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

description: Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


name: Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma Involving the Spleen

description: Infiltration of the spleen by malignant (clonal) plasma cells in patients with history of multiple myeloma


name: Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen

description: A benign, circumscribed lesion that arises from the spleen and is composed of multiple angiomatoid nodules in a fibrosclerotic stroma. It most often affects middle-aged females. It is usually asymptomatic, and most cases are detected incidentally on imaging studies.


name: Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia

description: Infiltration and expansion of the white and red pulp of the spleen by T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.


Malignant lymphoma of spleen

description: A non-Hodgkin lymphoma or rarely Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the spleen.


name: Splenic Manifestation of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

description: Infiltration and expansion of the red pulp cords and sinusoids of the spleen by T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The white pulp of the spleen is not involved and is often hyperplastic.


thiazolidinediones

A thiadiazolidine in which the 1,3-thiazolidine ring is substituted by two oxo groups.


neurohypophysis

description: The posterior part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormon.


Paratesticular Paraganglioma

description: An extremely rare paraganglioma that arises from the paratesticular structures.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline Predisposition Associated with a Constitutional Disorder Affecting Multiple Organ Systems

description: Familial hematologic neoplasms associated with germline mutations and a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction other than a platelet disorder.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline Predisposition Associated with Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome

description: Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline GATA2 Mutation

description: Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline GATA2 mutation.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline SAMD9 Mutation

description: Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9 mutation.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline SAMD9L Mutation

description: Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias associated with germline SAMD9L mutation.


name: Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Associated with Neurofibromatosis

description: Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia that is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).


name: Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Associated with Noonan Syndrome-Like Disorder

description: Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia that is associated with a genetic disorder caused by germline mutations in the CBL gene and phenotypically resembles Noonan syndrome (Noonan syndrome-like disorder).


name: Hematologic Neoplasm Associated with Down Syndrome

description: Hematologic neoplasms occurring in individuals with Down syndrome.  There is an increased risk of acute leukemias in both children and adults with Down syndrome.  In particular, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome children of less than five years of age is particularly high, it is usually an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.  This group of disorders also includes the entity transient abnormal myelopoiesis which occurs in neonates and is associated with GATA1 gene mutation.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline Predisposition Associated with Telomerase Biology Disorder

description: Familial myelodysplastic syndromes/ acute myeloid leukemias associated with telomerase biology disorders.


Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Lesion

description: A non-invasive, precursor epithelial proliferation that arises from the fallopian tube, lacks severe atypia, and demonstrates serous differentiation.


Fracture of Ulna Related to Birth

description: A broken ulna sustained during the birthing process.


Closed Monteggia's fracture

description: Proximal radial head dislocation in association with a proximal ulnar fracture that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of Clavicle Related to Birth

description: An injury sustained during the birthing process in which the continuity is broken in the clavicle.


Fracture of acetabulum

description: A traumatic break in the portion of the pelvic bone that forms the hip socket.


Fracture of Femur Related to Birth

description: A broken femur sustained during the birthing process.


Closed fracture of rib

description: A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones.


name: Closed fracture of shaft of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in the diaphysis of the metacarpal bone that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of multiple ribs

description: A traumatic break in two or more places in one rib, or a traumatic break in more than one rib, that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of pelvis

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the bones comprising the bony structure of the pelvis that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Open fracture of rib

description: A traumatic break in one of the bones in the rib cage  that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


Closed fracture of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in one or more of the metacarpal bones that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


Fracture of mandible, closed

description: A traumatic break in the mandible  that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.