Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage Group III is subdivided into IIIA (T1-2, N1, M0), IIIB (T3-4, N1, M0) or IIIC (any T, N2 M0).  T1: Tumor invades the submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage IV Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 1 Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


name: Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Carcinoma of sigmoid colon

description: A carcinoma that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage Group II is subdivided into IIA and IIB on the basis of whether the primary tumor is T3 or T4, respectively.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Suspected Necrotizing Enterocolitis

description: The diagnosis assigned when a health care practitioner feels strongly the patient has necrotizing enterocolitis, but lacks definitive proof.


Colorectal Angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


Locally Advanced Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: Colon adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Colorectal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


name: Colorectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


name: Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Small Intestinal Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component.  At least 30 percent of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


name: Small Intestinal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine.  It is characterized by moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Congenital atresia of large intestine

description: A malformation characterized by the absence of a normal opening in a part of the large intestine.


name: Small Intestinal Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine.  It is characterized by mild epithelial dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Locally Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage 0 Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the colon or rectum.  Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Stage II Colon Cancer

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria or into non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues.  T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage II Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or extending into nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) without serosal penetration. For T3 tumors, the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue is, for the jejunum and ileum, part of the mesentery and, for the duodenum in areas where serosa is lacking, part of the interface with the pancreas. T4: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or directly invading other organs or structures (e.g., other loops of small intestine, mesentery of adjacent loops of bowel, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Small Intestinal Composite Gangliocytoma/Neuroma and Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A usually indolent neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in the small intestine. Patients may present with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. It is a triphasic tumor consisting of a mixture of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann-like cells, and ganglion cell-like elements.


Cecal Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the cecum.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Rectum

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the rectum from another anatomic site.


name: Stage III Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, N2, M0); (T3, N1, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Rectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Colon Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon.


Tubular adenoma of colon

description: A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the sigmoid colon.


Stage II Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4a, N0, M0); IIC (T4b, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Unresectable Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


description: Adenocarcinoma that arises from the periampullary region and is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease.


name: Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of small intestinal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. Nonadenocarcinomas arising in the small intestine should have a TNM assigned but are not assigned a stage classification. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage III Colon Cancer

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0). N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Rectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the rectum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Ascending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ascending colon.


name: Small Intestinal Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


Radiation enteritis of intestine

description: Inflammation of the small intestine caused by radiation exposure.


Colorectal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


name: Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis.  Such carcinomas are usually multiple and flat.  Histologically, they are usually mucinous or signet-ring cell type.


name: Colorectal Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon or rectum and produces serotonin.


Small intestine carcinoma stage II

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T4, N0, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  T4: Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum or directly invades other organs or structures (including other loops of small intestine, mesentery, or retroperitoneum more than 2 cm, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Kaposi Sarcoma

description: A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the small intestine.


Colon Serrated Polyposis

description: The presence of multiple serrated polyps in the colon. The polyps are predominantly sessile serrated adenomas/polyps. A minority of the polyps are microvesicular variants of hyperplastic polyps. According to some authors, the polyps are proximal to the sigmoid colon. According to others, the polyps are distributed throughout the entire colon.


Grade 2 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with 50-95% glandular formation.


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Duodenal Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma

description: An extraskeletal osteosarcoma affecting the duodenum.


name: Stage IV Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, N1, M0, Mitotic rate: Any rate); (Any T, Any N, M1, Mitotic rate: Any rate).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the small intestine.


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Carcinoma in situ of small intestine

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Hypermutated Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma characterized by a high mutational rate caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency or POLE/POLD1 driver mutations.


name: Stage IIA Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa or into the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) with extension 2 cm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal hyperplastic polyp

description: A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the colon and rectum.  It is usually found in the distant colon and it rarely produces symptoms.  This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps.


Stage IIIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Hyperplastic Polyp

description: A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the colon.  It is usually found in the distant colon and it rarely produces symptoms.  This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps.


name: Transverse Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the transverse colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


name: Colorectal High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Small Intestinal Medullary Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with vesicular nucleus, distinct nucleolus, and abundant pink cytoplasm.


Distal Colon Carcinoma

description: A colon carcinoma that arises from the splenic flexure, descending colon, or sigmoid colon.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Colorectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Colon Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Stage I Rectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colorectal Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: An extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


name: Small Intestinal Gastrin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form pseudorosettes.  The neoplastic cells have uniform nuclei and small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm.


name: Unresectable Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

description: Small intestinal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Colorectal Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

description: An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


name: Small intestine carcinoma non-resectable

description: Carcinoma of the small intestine not amendable to resection.


Grade 1 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with more than 95% glandular formation.


Recurrent Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of colorectal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the duodenum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Rectosigmoid Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Immune-mediated colitis

description: Colitis caused by an immune reaction to an antigen, including a therapeutically administered agent.


Stage II Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Unresectable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A colorectal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Colorectal L-Cell Glucagon-Like Peptide-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon or rectum and produces glucagon-like peptides.  Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Colon Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


Proximal Colon Carcinoma

description: A colon carcinoma that arises from cecum, ascending colon, or hepatic flexure.


name: Colorectal Mucin Poor Hyperplastic Polyp

description: A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of small cells in the crypts that do not contain mucin.  Reactive epithelial atypia may be present.


Rectosigmoid Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin.  These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage I Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1-2, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or submucosa. T2: Tumor invading the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Jejunal ulcer

description: A circumscribed inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion in the mucosa surface of the jejunum.


name: Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Stage IV Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage III Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, N2, M0); (T3, N1, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon recurrent

description: The reemergence of colon adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Crohn Disease-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of Crohn disease.


Colorectal Villous Adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic and rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Rectal Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

description: An adenoma that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


Colorectal Ganglioneuroma

description: A ganglioneuroma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It usually presents as a small mucosal polyp.


name: Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Adenocarcinoma of colon metastatic

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colon and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of small intestine

description: A gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the small intestine.  It usually affects adults over fifty years of age.  The majority of cases have spindle cell morphology.  The prognosis depends on the tumor size and the mitotic activity.


Rectal Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


name: Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable colorectal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Rectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant infiltrate with serrated glandular architecture.


Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Ganglioneuroma

description: A ganglioneuroma that arises from the colon.  It usually presents as a small mucosal polyp.


Unresectable Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Colorectal Goblet Cell Rich Hyperplastic Polyp

description: A serrated hyperplastic polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of goblet cells and the absence of microvacuolated columnar cells.  There is no evidence of epithelial atypia or dysplasia.


Stage IIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin pools that contain malignant glandular epithelial structures.  The extracellular mucin pools occupy more than 50% of the malignant lesion.


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to adenocarcinomas, high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Appendiceal carcinomas, anal carcinomas, and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) are not covered by this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIIB Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small intestine carcinoma stage IV

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

description: A biphasic colorectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colorectal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to large intestine

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the large intestine.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Crohn's disease of small intestine

description: Crohn's disease affecting the small intestine.


Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the descending colon.


Refractory Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in three or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Juvenile Polyp

description: A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


name: Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the descending colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Intestinal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the small or large intestine.


Colorectal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon or rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Stage IIA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectal Serrated Lesions and Polyps

description: Polyps that arises from the rectum. They are characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia.


Transverse Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the transverse colon.


Colon cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of colon carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Colon Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of an ileal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This classification system applies to small bowel "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3) arising in the ileum. This classification system does not apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lipoma of small intestine

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the small intestine.  It usually arises from the submucosa and occasionally protrudes into the lumen.


Refractory Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Rectum

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the rectum.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Stage II Rectal Cancer

description: Stage II includes IIA (T3, N0, M0) and IIB (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues. T4: Tumor directly invades other organs or structures, and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colorectal Peutz-Jeghers Polyp

description: A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon and rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle branching bands, and cystic mucosal changes.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to small intestine

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the small intestine from another anatomic site.


name: Small Intestinal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by the presence of intracytoplasmic mucus.


Stage IVA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Duodenal cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of a malignant duodenal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IIA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Ulcerative Colitis Flare

description: An exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.


Stage III Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated, low, intermediate, or high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine.


name: Rectal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Sigmoid Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the sigmoid colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


name: Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial or invasion of the lamina propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Colitis due to radiation

description: Inflammation of the colon resulting from irradiation.


Grade 3 Rectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


Microsatellite Stable Rectal Carcinoma

description: Rectal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microsatellite instability.


Colorectal Tubular Adenoma

description: A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the colonic and rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Stage I Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage III Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor invading the visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Oligometastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

description: Colorectal carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


name: Stage IIA Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or extending into nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue (mesentery or retroperitoneum) without serosal penetration. For T3 tumors, the nonperitonealized perimuscular tissue is, for the jejunum and ileum, part of the mesentery and, for the duodenum in areas where serosa is lacking, part of the interface with the pancreas. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colon Carcinoma

description: Microsatellite stable colon carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IV Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ileal Web

description: The formation of tissue in the lumen of the ileum that results in partial obstruction.


Stage IVC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Short segment Hirschsprung's disease

description: The most common form of Hirschsprung Disease, this is characterized by a lack of nerve cells in the sigmoid colon and rectum. The bowel is not stimulated without innervation and obstruction ensues. Surgical intervention is necessary.


Colorectal Adenoma-Like Adenocarcinoma

description: A well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma with good prognosis. It resembles a villous adenoma on the surface.


Colorectal Schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and luminal obstruction.


name: Stage I Rectosigmoid Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Ascending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ascending colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Stage IV Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Small Intestinal Villous Adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the small intestine. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


name: Stage IIIA Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor that arises from the rectum.


Colorectal cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of colorectal carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Colon Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon and produces serotonin.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades submucosa. T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes. N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes. N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria.  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1c: Tumor deposit(s) in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues without regional lymph node metastasis. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Duodenal carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of duodenal carcinoma after a period of remission.


Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the ileum. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


name: Transverse Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the transverse colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Stage IIIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0).  T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues.  T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum.  T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N1: Metastasis in 1-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  N2a: Metastasis in 4-6 regional lymph nodes.  N2b: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the small intestine.


Stage IVA Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node). (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIC Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: Colorectal adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


description: A rare, invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant glandular cells within stromal spaces.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of rectum

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the rectum.  This may be from a primary large intestine malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


Stage IIB Colon Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor penetrates to the surface of the visceral peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage I Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invading the mucosa or submucosa only and is equal or less than 1 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Rectosigmoid Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the rectosigmoid area.  It is more frequently seen in populations with a Western type diet and in patients with a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.  Signs and symptoms include intestinal bleeding, anemia, and change in bowel habits.  According to the degree of cellular differentiation, rectosigmoid adenocarcinomas are divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated.  Histologic variants include mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, serrated adenocarcinoma, cribriform comedo-type adenocarcinoma, and micropapillary adenocarcinoma.


Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage I Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage I includes: T1 or T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: Low.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Advanced Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage III Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T3, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High); (T4, N0, M0, Mitotic rate: High).  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm, but not more than 5 cm, in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor more than 5 cm, but not more than 10 cm, in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor more than 10 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of colon carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Small intestine carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of small intestine carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Rectal Cribriform Comedo-Type Adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, invasive rectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cribriform glands with central necrotic changes.


name: Stage IIIB Small Intestinal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Meckel Diverticulum Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises in a Meckel diverticulum.


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c). M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. M1b: Metastasis to two or more sites or organs without peritoneal metastasis. M1c: Metastasis to the peritoneal surface alone or with other site or organ metastases. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Colorectal Adenoma with Mild Dysplasia

description: An adenoma that arises from the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial dysplasia.


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Colorectal Low Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the colon or rectum.  It is characterized by mild epithelial dysplasia and mild architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


name: Refractory Rectal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Rectal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Grade 3 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

description: A colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


name: Stage II Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma (involvement of lamina propria with no extension through muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIC Colorectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIC includes: T4b, N0, M0. T4b: Tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Locally Advanced Colon Carcinoma

description: Colon carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, Any N, M1a. M1a: Metastasis to one site or organ without peritoneal metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IV Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T1, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T2, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T3, N0, N1, N2, M1); (T4, N0, N1, N2, M1). T1: Tumor invading lamina propria or submucosa and measuring 1 cm or less in size. T2: Tumor invading muscularis propria or measuring more than 1 cm in size. T3: Tumor invading through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa. T4: Tumor invading visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis in less than 12 nodes. N2: Large mesenteric masses (larger than 2 cm) and/or extensive nodal deposits (12 or greater), especially those that encase the superior mesenteric vessels. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, Any N, M1a); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Metastasis confined to one organ or site (e.g., liver, lung, ovary, nonregional node).  M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Colon Adenoma with Severe Dysplasia

description: An adenoma that arises from the colon.  It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial dysplasia.


name: Rectal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Small Intestinal Somatostatin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine.


name: Small Intestinal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the small intestine.  It is composed of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Often, the infiltrating glandular structures are associated with mucoid stromal formation.


name: Colorectal Poorly Cohesive Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the colorectal mucosa and is characterized by the presence of isolated malignant cells or malignant cells that form small aggregates.


Intestinal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small or large intestine.  It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.


name: Congenital Abnormality of the Large Intestine

description: A malformation in any part of the large intestine that is present at birth.


Necrotizing Enterocolitis Totalis

description: A severe and often fatal form of necrotizing enterocolitis, in which diffuse ischemia, necrosis, and pneumatosis intestinalis are evident in the small and large intestine. Short bowel syndrome is common among survivors.


name: Stage IIB Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor perforating the visceral peritoneum or directly invading other organs or structures (e.g., other loops of small intestine, mesentery of adjacent loops of bowel, and abdominal wall by way of serosa; for duodenum only, invasion of pancreas or bile duct). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Colorectal Sporadic Serrated Polyp

description: A term that refers to a group of polypoid lesions in the colon and rectum that are characterized by the presence of serrated architecture of the epithelial component.  This group includes hyperplastic polyps, traditional serrated adenomas, and sessile serrated adenomas/polyps.


Rectal Epithelioid Cell Melanoma

description: An epithelioid cell melanoma arising from the rectum.


Stage IVB Rectal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1b. M1b: Metastases in more than one organ/site or the peritoneum. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Colon

description: An invasive malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the colon.  There is no morphologic, immunophenotypic, or molecular biological evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


name: Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. Carcinomas of the duodenum, including high-grade (grade 3), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas are not included in this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Advanced Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma

description: A microsatellite stable carcinoma that arises from the colon or rectum and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Jejunal Neuroendocrine Tumor by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a jejunal neuroendocrine tumor, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This classification system applies to small bowel "carcinoid" tumors (NET G1 and G2, and rare well-differentiated G3) arising in the jejunum. This classification system does not apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Juvenile Polyp of the Small Intestine

description: A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


Stage IIB Rectal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Large intestinal mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the large intestine.


name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt2p dimer complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt2p.


Thyroid-Binding Globulin Excess

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Supranormal concentration of thyroid-binding globulin.


oxathiolane

Any five-membered oxacycle that also contains a sulfur atom.


Variant Autoimmune Hepatitis

description: A form of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) that has features of overlapping cholestatic autoimmune liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), or autoimmune cholangitis (AIC).


Childhood Paranasal Sinus Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the paranasal sinus that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Benign Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the head and neck and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Childhood Ameloblastic Fibroma

description: An ameloblastic fibroma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Odontogenic Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from tooth-forming tissues and occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Thyroid Gland Follicular Adenoma

description: A follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Head and Neck NUT Carcinoma

description: A NUT carcinoma that arises from the head and neck and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Salivary Gland Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the salivary gland that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma

description: A squamous papilloma of the larynx that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma

description: A salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Nasal Cavity Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the nasal cavity that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Ossifying Fibroma

description: An ossifying fibroma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor

description: An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Salivary Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma

description: An acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Craniopharyngioma

description: A craniopharyngioma that occurs during childhood.  The vast majority of cases are adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas.  Clinical signs and symptoms include endocrine deficiencies and visual disturbances.


Childhood Odontogenic Myxoma

description: An odontogenic myxoma that occurs during childhood.


description: An adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the anatomic structures of the head and neck region and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Bone Erdheim-Chester Disease

description: Erdheim-Chester disease affecting the bone.


description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum envelope. The longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen is continuous with the lumen contained within the terminal cisternae.


Anterior Caudate Vein

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A vein that it is part of the deep intracranial venous system.


Recurrent Childhood Optic Nerve Glioma

description: The reemergence of optic nerve glioma in childhood after a period of remission.


Childhood Intracranial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises within the skull and occurs during childhood.


name: Recurrent Childhood Visual Pathway Glioma

description: The reemergence of visual pathway glioma in childhood after a period of remission.


name: Childhood Supratentorial Ependymoma ZFTA Fusion-Positive

description: A supratentorial ependymoma ZFTA fusion-positive that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Supratentorial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the supratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Benign Brain Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the brain and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Refractory Childhood Brain Neoplasm

description: A childhood brain neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Childhood Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma

description: An atypical choroid plexus papilloma that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Pineal Parenchymal Cell Neoplasm

description: A pineal parenchymal cell neoplasm that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma

description: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

description: Gliomatosis cerebri that occurs during childhood.


name: Supratentorial Ependymoma, YAP1-MAMLD1 Fusion-Positive

description: A supratentorial ependymoma characterized by a gene fusion involving YAP1 and MAMLD1 genes.


name: Metastatic Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

description: A childhood malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Childhood Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor

description: A dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor that occurs during childhood.


Recurrent Childhood Gliomatosis Cerebri

description: The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri in childhood after a period of remission.


Recurrent Childhood Brain Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of brain neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


name: Childhood Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation

description: A pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered

description: A diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered that occurs during childhood.


name: Childhood Cerebral Ependymoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: An ependymoma, not otherwise specified that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Brain Anaplastic Astrocytoma

description: An anaplastic astrocytoma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Brain Oligodendroglioma

description: An oligodendroglioma that arises from the brain and occurs during childhood.


Childhood Brain Glioblastoma

description: A brain glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the brain during childhood.


name: Metastatic Childhood Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain

description: A childhood malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the brain.


Childhood Brain Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the brain occurring in children.


name: Childhood Benign Supratentorial Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the supratentorial region and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Childhood Multinodular and Vacuolated Neuronal Tumor

description: A multinodular and vacuolated neuronal tumor that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Cerebral Diffuse Astrocytoma

description: A diffuse astrocytoma that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs during childhood.


name: Advanced Childhood Malignant Brain Neoplasm

description: A childhood malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Childhood Benign Cerebral Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the cerebrum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the retropharyngeal space.


Malignant Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the retropharyngeal space.


Benign Retropharyngeal Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the retropharyngeal space and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Group B Streptococcal Infection, Late-Onset

description: Infection of an infant from seven days to three months of life caused by Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae).


name: Group B Streptococcal Infection, Early-Onset

description: Infection of an infant from birth to less than seven days of life caused by Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) from a colonized mother.


name: Stage IVC Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Umbilical hernia with gangrene

description: A protrusion of necrotic tissue through the abdominal wall under the skin near the umbilicus.


Shoulder Joint Tendons

description: The tendons that connect the muscles and bones that comprise the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints and enable abduction of the arm and stabilization of the shoulder.


Ankle Joint Anterior Flexor Tendons

description: The tendons in the anterior compartment of the leg that connect muscles that originate on the surfaces of the femur, tibia, and fibula to bones in the toes and enable plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle.


Ankle Joint Anterior Extensor Tendons

description: The tendons in the anterior compartment of the leg that cross the tibiotalar joint anteriorly and connect muscles that originate on the surfaces of the tibia and fibula to bones in the toes and enable dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle and extension of the toes.


Wrist Joint Flexor Tendons

description: The tendons located along the inside of the forearm that cross at the wrist and connect muscles of the forearm to wrist and hand bones, enabling bending of the wrist towards the palm.


Knee Joint Tendons

description: The tendons that connect the quadriceps muscles to the kneecap, the hamstring muscles to the shin bone and fibula, and the patella to the top part of the fibula, enabling flexion, extension, and slight rotation of the knee.


patellar ligament

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA.


Wrist Joint Extensor Tendons

description: The tendons located along the back part of the forearm that cross to the thumb side of the wrist and connect muscles of the forearm to the base of hand bones, enabling bending of the wrist back and towards the thumb.


calcaneal tendon

description: The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone.


Structure of flexor tendon of finger

description: The tendons located on the palm side of the fingers that connect the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand to bones in the fingers, enabling flexion towards the palm.


Structure of extensor tendon of finger

description: The tendons located on the dorsal side of the fingers that connect muscles of the forearm and hand to bones in the fingers, enabling straightening of the fingers.


Cerebral abscess

description: A bacterial, fungal, or parasitic abscess that develops in the cerebral hemispheres. Causes include skull trauma, middle ear infection, congenital heart disease, and frontal and ethmoid sinus infection.


Epithelioid schwannoma

description: A schwannoma characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, within a myxoid and/or hyalinized stroma.


cardenolide

A steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a butenolide ring at C-17.


cardenolide glycoside

Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.


right atrium endocardium

description: Endocardium that is part of the right atrium.


endocardium of atrium

description: Endocardium that is part of the atrium.


left atrium endocardium

description: Endocardium that is part of the left atrium.


endocardium of left auricle

description: An endocardium that is part of a left atrium auricular region.


endocardium of auricle

description: An endocardium that is part of a atrium auricular region.


endocardium of right auricle

description: An endocardium that is part of a right atrium auricular region.


manual digit 2

description: 2nd digit of the manus.


name: Adult Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered

description: A rare diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered that occurs during adulthood.


name: Metastatic Adult Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to the brain in an adult patient.


Adult Brain Glioblastoma

description: A brain glioblastoma that occurs during adulthood.


name: COPI-coated Golgi to ER transport vesicle

description: A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.


Recurrent WHO Grade 4 Glioma

description: The reemergence of WHO grade 4 glioma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27M-Mutant

description: The reemergence of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant, after a period of remission.


name: Congenital anomaly of the urinary tract proper

description: An abnormality of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra that is present at birth. Representative examples include renal hypoplasia, renal agenesis, accessory kidney, absence of ureter, atresia of bladder neck, and atresia of urethra.


Urachal remnant

description: Remaining collapsed and obliterated urachal tissue between the bladder dome and umbilicus.


Posterior Urethral Valves Type 1

description: A posterior urethral valve extending from the vera montanum towards the distal meatus.


Posterior Urethral Valves Type 3

description: A posterior urethral valve, presumed to result from incomplete canalization of the urethra, that is located immediately distal to the vera montanum.


Double kidney (disorder)

description: A congenital abnormality of the kidney characterized by the presence of two separate pelvicocaliceal systems with a single or duplex ureter.


Congenital Renal Hypoplasia

description: The underdevelopment of otherwise normal renal parenchyma, characterized by decreased nephron size and possibly a decreased number of nephrons at birth.


Prostatic Duct Urothelial Carcinoma

description: An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic ducts.


name: Ann Arbor Stage II Supradiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


name: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of kidney

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Solitary mass

description: A single isolated mass.


name: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity stage I

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: Stage I Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


leg nerve

description: A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition].


lower leg nerve

description: A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition].


upper leg nerve

description: A nerve that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].


Childhood Bone Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises from the bone and occurs during childhood.


Refractory Childhood Osteosarcoma

description: Childhood osteosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


(R)-thalidomide

A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has R-configuration at the chiral centre.


name: Benign Extrahepatic Bile Duct Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the non-epithelial tissues of the extrahepatic bile ducts and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Extrahepatic Bile Duct Fibroma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the extra hepatic bile duct. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts.


name: Benign Extrahepatic Bile Duct Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Extrahepatic Bile Duct Benign Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


thoracic vertebra 9

description: The ninth thoracic vertebra counting from the top down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].


Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma

description: A rare cutaneous melanocytic neoplasm that presents as a slow growing pigmented nodule or papule. It is characterized by the proliferation of heavily pigmented epithelioid and dendritic cells, predominantly in the dermis. PRKAR1A gene inactivation is present in the majority of cases. It can spread to regional lymph nodes, but distant metastases are rare.


name: Grade 3 or 4 Elevation of AST, ALT, and/or Bilirubin

description: A finding of grade 3 or 4 AST, Grade 3 or 4 ALT, and/or grade 3 or 4 bilirubin.


Unresectable Pilocytic Astrocytoma

description: A pilocytic astrocytoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Astrocytic Tumor

description: An astrocytic tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Glioblastoma

description: A glioblastoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant

description: Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of thyroid gland

description: A rare follicular dendritic cell sarcoma involving the thyroid gland. It may be associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.


Moderate Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

description: A chronic lung disorder associated with pulmonary maldevelopment, scarring, and/or inflammation that develops in preterm neonates exposed to supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days. For infants born before 32 weeks gestation with moderate BPD, there is a supplemental oxygen requirement of less than 30% at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or earlier discharge. For infants born after 32 weeks with moderate BPD, there is a supplemental oxygen requirement of less than 30% at 56 days post-natal age or at earlier discharge.


chromoplast outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope.


viral factory

description: An intracellular compartment in a host cell which increases the efficiency of viral replication, and shields the virus from host defenses. Viral factories can be either cytoplasmic or nuclear and often arise from extensive rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal and/or cell membrane compartments.


double membrane vesicle viral factory

description: A cytoplasmic viral factory that consists of a double-membrane bound vesicle. Has a diameter of 200-300nm and is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. Produced by Picornaviridae, Nidovirales, Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae.


tube viral factory

description: A cytoplasmic viral factory derived from the Golgi in which Bunyaviridae replication takes place. Tubes are membranous structures close to the assembly and budding sites, and their function may be to connect viral replication and morphogenesis inside viral factories.


viroplasm viral factory

description: A cytoplasmic viral factory that is electron dense due to high levels of viral RNA. Produced by nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) like Poxviridae, Asfarviridae and Iridoviridae, and dsRNA viruses like Reoviridae.


host cell viral assembly compartment

description: A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.


spherule viral factory

description: A cytoplasmic viral factory which is a 50-400nm diameter membrane invagination. Spherules can appear on several enveloped cellular components depending on the virus.


cytoplasmic viral factory

description: A viral factory located in the cytoplasm of a host cell.


Kidney Lymphangioma

description: A rare lymphangioma arising from the kidney.


Prostate Hemangioma

description: A rare hemangioma that arises from the prostate gland.


Vulvar Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

description: A benign nevus that arises from the vulva and is present at birth.


Congenital small melanocytic nevus

description: A congenital melanocytic nevus of small size, with a diameter smaller than 15 mm. It presents as a macular, papular or plaque-like lesion.


name: Intermediate Congenital Melanocytic Nevus

description: A congenital melanocytic nevus measuring 15-200 mm. It is typically amenable to surgical resection.


name: Proliferative dermal lesion in congenital nevus

description: A benign proliferation of epithelioid or spindled melanocytes usually in the upper or mid dermis in a background of congenital melanocytic nevus. The congenital melanocytic nevus is usually of the deep type, involving the dermis and extending into the subcutaneous tissue. It presents as a dark plaque or nodule above a giant congenital melanocytic nevus.


name: Central Nervous System Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Grade 1

description: A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the central nervous system. It corresponds most often to the collagenous and low cellularity spindle cell tumor which was diagnosed as central nervous system solitary fibrous tumor in the past.


Stomach Mass

description: An abnormal growth located in the stomach.


cytoplasmic microtubule bundle

description: Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm.


axon microtubule bundle

description: An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.


dynamic microtubule bundle

description: A microtubule bundle that undergoes changes in length, and in which microtubule sliding takes place.


static microtubule bundle

description: A microtubule bundle that has a constant length, and in which microtubule sliding does not take place.


insect embryonic/larval brain

description: Brain of the embryo/larva.


insect embryonic brain

description: Brain of the embryo.


insect adult brain

description: Brain of the adult.


neural tube derived brain

description: A brain that develops_from a neural tube.


name: Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 4

description: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by biallelic mutations in the STX11 gene.


name: Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 2

description: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by biallelic mutations in the PRF1 gene.


name: Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 3

description: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by biallelic mutations in the UNC13D gene.


description: The reemergence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after a period of remission.


description: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.


name: Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 5

description: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by biallelic mutations in the STXBP2 gene.


description: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with a viral infection.


Refractory Fungal Infection

description: A fungal infection that is resistant to treatment.


Renal Benign Mesenchymoma

description: A benign mesenchymoma arising from the kidney.


Mild Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

description: A chronic lung disorder associated with pulmonary maldevelopment, scarring, and/or inflammation that develops in preterm neonates exposed to supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days. For infants born before 32 weeks gestation with mild BPD, there is no supplemental oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age or earlier discharge. For infants born after 32 weeks with mild BPD, there is no supplemental oxygen requirement at 56 days post-natal age or at earlier discharge.


H influenze type B Pneumonia

description: Pneumonia that is attributed to the bacteria H influenze type B.


Collapsed Lung

description: Atelectasis of an entire lung.


name: Somatoform autonomic dysfunction - respiratory tract

description: A respiratory malfunction for which mental factors play a causative role.


Acute pneumonia

description: Acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, radiation treatment, or exposure to chemicals.  Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, fevers, chills, chest pain, headache, sweating, and weakness.


Non-Neoplastic Lung Disorder

description: A lung disorder not caused by a neoplasm. Representative examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atelectasis, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumoconiosis.


Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome

description: Bronchiolitis obliterans following lung or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.


Follicular Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis

description: A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by the formation of reactive lymphoid follicles adjacent to distal bronchi and bronchioles.  It presents with mild shortness of breath and is associated with immunodeficiency syndromes and collagen vascular disorders.


COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia

description: Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is characterized by the presence of ground glass opacities on CT scan images.


Congenital anomaly of lung

description: A malformation in the lung that is present at birth. Representative examples include pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary agenesis, congenital lobar emphysema, and alveolar capillary dysplasia.


name: Respiratory Failure Related to Neuromuscular Disorder

description: Impaired gas exchange by the respiratory system resulting in hypoxemia and decreased oxygenation of the tissues that may be associated with increased arterial levels of carbon dioxide; the respiratory failure is due to a neuromuscular disorder.


Pulmonary cryptococcosis

description: Fungal pneumonia caused by inhalation of particles of Cryptococcus.  It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients such as persons with AIDS, transplant recipients, patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and patients with hematologic malignancies.  It is rare in immunocompetent individuals.  Signs and symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea.