aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


Infusion site induration

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


amiloride

A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.


male sex differentiation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.


furunculosis

description: A persistent skin infection marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent. In humans, the causative agent is various species of staphylococcus. In salmonid fish (salmonids), the pathogen is aeromonas salmonicida.


proteasome complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.


Drug Overdose

description: Exposure to, or intake of, an excessive amount of a substance.


name: negative regulation of protein localization

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.


lytic vacuole

description: A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.


response to epidermal growth factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


spindle microtubule

description: Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.


name: negative regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


protein homooligomerization

description: The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


regulation of hemostasis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.


ranolazine

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.


name: adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.


amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular paralysis reflecting degeneration of motor neurons in the primary motor cortex, corticospinal tracts, brainstem and spinal cord.


name: positive regulation of chromosome organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization.


name: regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


name: modulation by virus of host cellular process

description: The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.


mefloquine

An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.


Aphagia

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: The inability or refusal to swallow.


skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


carisoprodol

A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol  interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.


Recurrent singultus

description: A contraction of the diaphragm that repeats several times per minute. In humans, the abrupt rush of air into the lungs causes the epiglottis to close, creating a hic sound. Also known as synchronous diaphragmatic flutter (SDF), or singultus, from the Latin singult, the act of catching one's breath while sobbing. The hiccup is an involuntary action involving a reflex arc.


glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


positive regulation of locomotion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


structural molecule activity

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.


regulation of RNA stability

description: Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.


liver failure

description: A liver disease characterized by the liver losing or has lost all of its function.


inflammatory response

description: The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.


cladribine

2'-Deoxyadenosine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine ring has been substituted by chlorine. It inhibits the synthesis and repair of DNA, particularly in  lymphocytes and monocytes, and is used as an antimetabolite antineoplastic drug for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies including  hairy-cell leukaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.


Crackles

description: Crackles are discontinuous, explosive, and nonmusical adventitious lung sounds normally heard in inspiration and sometimes during expiration. Crackles are usually classified as fine and coarse crackles based on their duration, loudness, pitch, timing in the respiratory cycle, and relationship to coughing and changing body position.


response to purine-containing compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


cellular response to abiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.


name: regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


bleomycin

A glycopeptide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. The term, 'bleomycin' refers to a family of structurally related compounds. When used as an anti-cancer agent, the chemotherapeutical forms are primarily bleomycin A2 and B2.


testicular cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the testis. Representative examples include seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


excitatory synapse

description: A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


biogenic amine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


syntaxin-1 binding

description: Binding to a syntaxin-1 SNAP receptor.


estazolam

A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.


Euphoric mood

category: biolink:Behavior biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


vidarabine

A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


name: regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


Hyponatremia

description: An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood.


molecular adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


Hyperkinetic movements

description: Motor hyperactivity with excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole.


interstitial lung disease 2

description: A nonneoplastic pulmonary disease that is characterized by the formation of scar tissue within the lungs in the absence of any known cause.


Rho protein signal transduction

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Rho subfamily relays a signal.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


atrioventricular valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.


skeletal muscle tissue development

description: The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.


DNA conformation change

description: A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.


post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex

description: A spliceosomal complex that is formed following the release of the spliced product from the post-spliceosomal complex and contains the excised intron and three snRNPs, either U2 or U12, U5, and either U6 or U6atac.


G1 to G0 transition

description: A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.


malignant glioma

description: A grade III or grade IV glioma arising from the central nervous system. This category includes glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic ependymoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma.


muscle system process

description: A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


regulation of viral process

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.


lysosome

description: A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


pons

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum.


gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.


name: positive regulation of collagen metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


poly-purine tract binding

description: Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.


name: Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration

description: Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.


cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.


DNA replication initiation

description: The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.


clopidogrel

A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a  methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.


food allergy

description: Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.


one-carbon metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.


postsynaptic specialization

description: A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


protein polyglutamylation

description: The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.


Traumatic injury

description: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.


name: negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


Dysuria

description: Painful or difficult urination.


name: extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


atrioventricular valve development

description: The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


monocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.


transcription coactivator activity

description: A transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


name: positive regulation of protein deacetylation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


walking behavior

description: The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


response to temperature stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


roxithromycin

Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin A.


cholesterol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.


lung development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Dysphonia

description: Difficulty in speaking due to a physical disorder of the mouth, tongue, throat, or vocal cords. Associated with a known physical or neurological cause.


neurotransmitter secretion

description: The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.


DNA topoisomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


oritavancin

A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.


hypoglycemia

description: Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.


response to electrical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


female gonad development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


name: negative regulation of T cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


meningioma

description: A generally slow growing tumor attached to the dura mater. It is composed of neoplastic meningothelial (arachnoidal) cells. It typically occurs in adults, often women and it has a wide range of histopathological appearances. Of the various subtypes, meningothelial, fibrous and transitional meningiomas are the most common. Most meningiomas are WHO grade I tumors, and some are WHO grade II or III tumors. Most subtypes share a common clinical behavior, although some subtypes are more likely to recur and follow a more aggressive clinical course. (Adapted from WHO)


abducens nerve

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.


A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.


novobiocin

A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.


roflumilast

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine. Used for treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


mRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.


regulation of macroautophagy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.


muscle structure development

description: The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.


protein localization to membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


DNA protection

description: Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.


monoatomic cation transport

description: The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


regulation of T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


sevoflurane

An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.


mitochondrion localization

description: Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.


amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


cell proliferation in midbrain

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


Polyphagia

description: A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat.


phenylbutazone

A member of the class of  pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.


regulation of bone remodeling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.


name: mitotic G1/S transition checkpoint signaling

description: A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G1 to S phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


intracellular calcium ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of calcium ions within a cell.


developmental maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.


name: negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


heat shock protein binding

description: Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.


fluticasone propionate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.


glycine

The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.


Lightheadedness

description: A feeling of faintness; a reeling sensation. Lightheadedness is medically distinct from dizziness, unsteadiness, and vertigo.


name: positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


middle cerebral artery

description: The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices. The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis. [WP,unvetted].


Abnormal renal physiology

description: An abnormal functionality of the kidney.


name: organonitrogen compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound.


neuronal action potential

description: An action potential that occurs in a neuron.


negative regulation of ligase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


acute pancreatitis

description: An acute inflammatory process that leads to necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma. Signs and symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and shock. Causes include alcohol consumption, presence of gallstones, trauma, and drugs.


regulation of peptide secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


dicloxacillin

A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.


exocrine gland

description: A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas.


cocaine

A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


post-translational protein modification

description: The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


methyl aminolevulinate

The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.


nuclear envelope organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.


ubiquitin-specific protease binding

description: Binding to a ubiquitin-specific protease.


name: organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.


acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


exon-exon junction complex

description: A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.


endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

description: A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


atomoxetine

A  secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.


enalapril

A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).


metanephric tubule development

description: The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


lymphocyte proliferation

description: The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.


maternal placenta development

description: Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


establishment of RNA localization

description: The directed movement of RNA to a specific location.


single-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded DNA.


peptide N-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-acetylpeptide.


localization of cell

description: Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

description: Hemorrhage affecting the gastrointestinal tract.


tamsulosin

A 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide that has (R)-configuration. A specific alpha1 adrenoceptor antagonist used (generally as its hydrochloride salt, tamsulosin hydrochloride) in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, urinary retention, and help with the passage of kidney stones.


Disorder of ejaculation

description: A disorder referring to problems related to ejaculation. This category includes premature, delayed, retrograde, and painful ejaculation.


fexofenadine

A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.


Decreased libido

description: Decreased sexual desire.


retinol

Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.


interstrand cross-link repair

description: Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.


name: unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.


dendrite

description: A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.


ossification

description: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


name: regulation of type I interferon production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


name: substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration

description: The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.


positive regulation of vasoconstriction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


mental disorder

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of mental process.


Hot flashes

description: Sudden feelings of warmth that are generally most pronounced over the face, neck and chest.


name: regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


liver disorder

description: A disease involving the liver.


acidic amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


name: positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


bone Paget disease

description: A disease of bone that initially results in the excessive resorption of bone (by osteoclasts) followed by the replacement of normal bone marrow with vascular and fibrous tissue.


ethmoid bone

description: A bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP].


fluticasone furoate

A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


zolpidem

An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.


toxic encephalopathy

description: A group of neurologic disorders caused by damage to the nervous system following exposure to pharmacologic, biologic, and chemical agents. Examples of neurotoxins include chemotherapy agents, radiation treatment, heavy metals, pesticides, and food additives.


regulation of mesoderm development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


name: protein localization to site of double-strand break

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred.


response to growth hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


oxygen binding

description: Binding to oxygen (O2).


Rb-E2F complex

description: A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.


name: epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, 1

description: A genetic skin disorder caused by mutations in the KRT9 gene. It is characterized by hyperkeratosis in the palms and soles resulting in abnormal thickening of the skin in these areas.


carbohydrate homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.


name: regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular catabolic process.


diazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.


Hyperactivity

description: Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.


alpha-tubulin binding

description: Binding to the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.


name: regulation of protein import into nucleus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


focal adhesion assembly

description: The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


refractive error

description: A defect in the focusing of light on the retina as in astigmatism, myopia, or hyperopia.


nepafenac

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is amfenac in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted into the corresponding carboxamide. It is a prodrug for amfenac, used in eye drops to treat pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.


excessive tearing

description: Profuse lacrimation.


coated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.


small molecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


deubiquitinase activity

description: An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


name: cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


response to oxygen radical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


nisoldipine

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.


atrial fibrillation

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by the replacement of consistent P waves by rapid oscillations or fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape and timing and are accompanied by an irregular ventricular response. (CDISC)


meropenem

A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.


detection of biotic stimulus

description: The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of metal ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pseudopodium

description: A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.


response to progesterone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


etidronic acid

A  1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.


lytic metastatic bone lesion

description: Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.


cervical cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the cervix.


acylglycerol homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.


name: regulation of membrane lipid distribution

description: Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.


glycerophospholipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


regulation of hormone secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


intracellular cholesterol transport

description: The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.


negative regulation of cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


regulation of axon guidance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


lytic vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


anterior/posterior axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


translation regulator activity

description: Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


forebrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


regulation of binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


name: negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


perindopril

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline


insomnia

description: A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.


cefixime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.


polyol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


neostigmine

A  quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.


name: establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.


capecitabine

A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.


Deep venous thrombosis

description: Formation of a blot clot in a deep vein. The clot often blocks blood flow, causing swelling and pain. The deep veins of the leg are most often affected.


remifentanil

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.


felodipine

The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.


name: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


neuron fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.


ligand-gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


COPII vesicle coating

description: The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


name: regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.


name: negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

description: The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


Hepatic fibrosis

description: The presence of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the liver. Fibrosis is a reparative or reactive process.


hypereosinophilic syndrome

description: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) constitutes a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders, defined as persistent and marked blood eosinophilia and/or tissue eosinophilia associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations reflecting eosinophil-induced tissue/organ damage.


name: regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


substance withdrawal syndrome

description: A substance-specific organic brain syndrome that follows the discontinuation of administration or use, or reduction in intake of a substance (including alcohol, prescribed medications and recreational drugs). Syndrome manifests with diverse, often painful physical and psychological symptoms, which include but not limited to intense drug craving, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nausea, perspiration, body aches, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions.


erythema multiforme

description: Erythema multiforme (EM) refers to a group ofhypersensitivity disorders characterized by symmetric red, patchy lesions, primarily on the arms and legs. The cause is unknown, but EM frequently occurs in association with herpes simplex virus, suggesting an immunologic process initiated by the virus. In half of the cases, the triggering agents appear to be medications, including anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other antibiotics. In addition, some cases appear to be associated with infectious organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and many viral agents. Erythema multiforme is the mildest of three skin disorders that are often discussed in relation to each other. It is generally the mildest of the three. More severe is Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The most severe of the three is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).


porin activity

description: Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


ifosfamide

The simplest member of the class of  ifosfamides that is 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide substituted by 2-chloroethyl groups on both the nitrogen atoms respectively. It is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.


name: regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.


vitamin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.


tiaprofenic acid

An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.


lipid droplet

description: An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins.


trichlormethiazide

A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.


benzthiazide

7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.


hindlimb morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


monocarboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ezetimibe

A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and  4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).


palsy

description: A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)


response to lipid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


regulation of chromosome organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.


fenofibrate

A chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring.


phosphopyruvate hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.


fosaprepitant

A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.


Skin lesion

description: A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of skin.


desoximetasone

Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.


Striae distensae

description: Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


protein N-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan.


vesicle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.


sodium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


AMINOPHYLLINE

A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.


positive regulation of cell cycle

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


L-phenylalanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


name: negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


dendritic spine development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


mRNA binding

description: Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


cimetidine

A member of the class of  guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a  H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.


lipid modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


pyridine nucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.


BMP signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


striated muscle hypertrophy

description: The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.


ribonucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


name: positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


rRNA binding

description: Binding to a ribosomal RNA.


name: negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


cellular response to interleukin-1

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.


spermatogenesis

description: The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa.


name: detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


name: microtubule organizing center attachment site

description: A region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.


lipid translocation

description: The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


hindlimb

description: A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts.


name: regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


ephrin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


brown fat cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


mechanoreceptor differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


amifostine

An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


Dyspnea

description: Difficult or labored breathing. Dyspnea is a subjective feeling only the patient can rate, e.g., on a Borg scale.


integrin alphav-beta8 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


lateral element

description: A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.


microtubule associated complex

description: Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.


name: cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

description: The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.


digitoxin

A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.


negative regulation of protein binding

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


hemolytic anemia

description: Anemia resulting from the premature destruction of the peripheral blood red cells. It may be congenital or it may be caused by infections, medications, or malignancies.


name: positive regulation of protein ubiquitination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


protein maturation

description: Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


name: G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: A type of Wnt signaling pathway in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell results in the by propagation of the molecular signals via effectors other than beta-catenin.


name: regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


pomalidomide

An aromatic amine that is thalidomide substituted at position 4 on the isoindole ring system by an amino group. Used for the treatment of multiple myeloma in patients who failed to respond to previous therapies.


alendronate

A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.


name: sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


estrone

A 17-oxo steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by an hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.


name: development of primary female sexual characteristics

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


name: regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.


name: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


PML body

description: A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


Abnormal hair morphology

description: An abnormality of the hair.


cerebral cortex development

description: The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.


name: L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine

description: The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine.


perphenazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.


metronidazole

A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.


name: regulation of actin filament-based process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.


methimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.


photoreceptor connecting cilium

description: The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.


name: modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.


Terminal insomnia

description: A type of insomnia characterized by waking up too early in the morning is known as early morning awakening. The termination of sleep must occur at least 30 minutes before the desired time.


transcription by RNA polymerase I

description: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.


name: positive regulation of protein maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation.


streptococcal sore throat

description: Inflammation of the throat due to Streptococcus pyogenes.


female pregnancy

description: The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.


name: positive regulation of response to external stimulus

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.


cerebellum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


procaine

A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.


serum sickness

description: Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to foreign proteins derived from an animal serum. It occurs approximately six to twenty one days following the administration of the foreign antigen. Symptoms include fever, arthralgias, myalgias, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, chest pain, and dyspnea. Certain drugs (e.g., antibiotics, anticancer agents, and anti-inflammatory medications) and infectious disorders (e.g., hepatitis B) may also cause serum sickness-like reaction.


mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


actin-myosin filament sliding

description: The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.


rosuvastatin

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).


name: pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


cation channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which cations pass.


NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.


coronary artery disorder

description: Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to fatty deposits inside the arterial walls. The diagnostic criteria may include documented history of any of the following: documented coronary artery stenosis greater than or equal to 50% (by cardiac catheterization or other modality of direct imaging of the coronary arteries); previous coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG); previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); previous myocardial infarction. (ACC)


name: regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


ectodermal placode morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


pancuronium

A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.


rivastigmine

A carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ethyl(methyl)carbamic acid with the phenolic OH group of 3-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenol. A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.


muscle tissue disorder

description: A disease involving the muscle tissue.


name: monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


cefotaxime

A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.


Superinfection

description: A secondary infection that occurs during an existing infection, or immediately following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that are resistant or have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier.


trimethoprim

An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.


name: regulation of neuron projection regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


carmustine

A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.


Myalgia

description: Pain in muscle.


cellular response to UV-C

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


name: positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.


name: regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


name: nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


ivermectin

A mixture consisting of >= 90% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (R = Me) and <= 10% 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1b (R = H). A semi-synthetic derivative of abamectin, it is used as a broad-spectrum antiparasite medication, particularly against worms (except tapeworms), although it is also effective against most mites and some lice.


negative regulation of cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


Abnormal EKG

description: Abnormal rhythm of the heart.


name: regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.


positive regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


main axon

description: The main axonal trunk, as opposed to the collaterals; i.e., excluding collaterals, terminal, spines, or dendrites.


detection of bacterial lipopeptide

description: The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


name: negative regulation of cartilage development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


name: positive regulation of macrophage fusion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.


autophagy of mitochondrion

description: The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


response to vitamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


name: mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

description: The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


name: positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.


name: negative regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.


cell redox homeostasis

description: Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.


Golgi disassembly

description: A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance.


glucose homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.


protein localization to plasma membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.


Ascites

description: Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


response to fatty acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


digestive tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


entecavir

Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.


lactose intolerance

description: Inability to fully digest and absorb lactose due to limited or no lactase activity in the small intestine.  Congenital intolerance is inherited following an autosomal recessive pattern but is rare. It is more often due to a gradual decline of lactase production in adulthood following the ingestion of fewer lactose-containing foods or secondary to an intestinal mucosal brush-border injury. Prevalence is highest among Asians, Native Americans and Africans. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea following the dietary intake of lactose.


trazodone

An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.


rimonabant

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation.


Emotional lability

description: Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances.


proximal tubule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


saquinavir

An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.


osteoporosis

description: A condition of reduced bone mass, with decreased cortical thickness and a decrease in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone (but normal chemical composition), resulting in increased fracture incidence. Osteoporosis is classified as primary (Type 1, postmenopausal osteoporosis; Type 2, age-associated osteoporosis; and idiopathic, which can affect juveniles, premenopausal women, and middle-aged men) and secondary osteoporosis (which results from an identifiable cause of bone mass loss).


regulation of neuron apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


vascular process in circulatory system

description: A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.


Cough

description: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.


diphenylpyraline

A member of the class of  piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.


Tachycardia

description: A rapid heartrate that exceeds the range of the normal resting heartrate for age.


name: synaptic vesicle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


name: positive regulation of cation channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


name: negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


rRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.


retinoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


name: negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


proflavine

An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.


name: regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


gamma-tubulin ring complex

description: A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


gallbladder disorder

description: A disease involving the gall bladder.


lysosomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.


His-Purkinje system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


regulation of gastrulation

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


keratinocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.


atazanavir

A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


Heart block

description: Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse occurring anywhere along the conduction pathway.


lipid localization

description: Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


Palpitations

description: A sensation that the heart is pounding or racing, which is a non-specific sign but may be a manifestation of arrhythmia.


aminoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.


hexosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding

description: Binding to a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


response to retinoic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


nuclear pore

description: A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.


atopic eczema

description: A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.


chromatin DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA that is assembled into chromatin.


growth factor binding

description: Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.


name: flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


ceforanide

A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

description: The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


carbinoxamine

An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.


chlophedianol

A diarylmethane that is 2-chlorophenyl(phenyl)methane substituted on the methane carbon by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. Used in the treatment of dry cough, it suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla of the brain.


hepatobiliary disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.


chemoattractant activity

description: Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of that signal.


name: negative regulation of synaptic transmission

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


caveola

description: A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.


kidney development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


mediastinal cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the mediastinum