name: negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.


regulation of interleukin-35 production

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.


name: regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: positive regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


name: regulation of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process.


regulation of pre-miRNA processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


name: negative regulation of removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylserine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.


name: induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

description: The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.


name: regulation of fumagillin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumagillin biosynthetic process.


regulation of interleukin-27 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.


name: nuclear mRNA surveillance of mRNP export

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly formed or aberrant nuclear mRNPs docked at the nuclear pore complex prior to export to the cytoplasm.


name: positive regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of camalexin biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.


name: negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.


name: negative regulation of B cell cytokine production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.


name: positive regulation of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity.


name: regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


regulation of sulfate assimilation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfate assimilation.


name: negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.


name: regulatory ncRNA-mediated heterochromatin formation

description: A heterochromatin formation-based gene silencing process mediated by a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule that occur before the beginning of trancription.


name: positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


name: regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).


name: negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.


positive regulation of reticulophagy

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy.


name: negative regulation of sarcinapterin metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sarcinapterin metabolic process.


name: regulation of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


name: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


name: regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.


name: negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-20 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-17A production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.


photosystem II stabilization

description: The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.


negative regulation of IP-10 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.


regulation of interleukin-22 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.


name: positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation

description: An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that positively regulates gene expression by demethylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


name: retrotransposon silencing by piRNA-directed DNA methylation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism mediated by Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA)-directed DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-11 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.


name: regulation of membrane lipid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane lipid metabolic process.


negative regulation of xenophagy

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenophagy.


name: regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of diacylglycerol kinase activity.


name: negative regulation of amylopectin catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-15 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


name: RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity against DNA virus

description: An RNAi-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway induced by DNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation. In plants, DCL3 is the primary Dicer to detect DNA viruses.


name: negative regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


name: negative regulation of thyroid hormone generation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.


name: negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.


name: siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a siRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-21 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.


name: regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.


name: regulation of interleukin-17A production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17A production.


name: dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome

description: Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.


negative regulation of aggrephagy

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aggrephagy.


name: positive regulation of thiamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine.


description: The organization of chromatin into heterochromatin at the pericentric region of a chromosome.


name: negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production.


name: regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic

description: An epigenetic process that increases gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA demethylation.


name: positive regulation of parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


name: negative regulation of phosphorus utilization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.


name: regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


photosynthetic state transition

description: A regulation of the phtosynthetic light reaction in which the light harvesting antenna complexes transition between photosystems.


name: positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport.


name: positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-15 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.


name: regulation of phosphatidate phosphatase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidate phosphatase activity.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.


name: positive regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.


facultative heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription but that be converted to euchromatin and allow transcription in specific contexts. These can be temporal (e.g., developmental states or specific cell-cycle stages), spatial (e.g., nuclear localization changes from the center to the periphery or vice versa due to exogenous factors/signals), or parental/heritable (e.g., monoallelic gene expression).


name: negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methanethiol.


name: positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase activity.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-34 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.


name: regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.


name: positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.


name: regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to stress

description: Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation that is part of a change in state or activity of a cell as a result of an exogenous disturbance.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


regulation of amphiregulin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of amphiregulin.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-25 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.


name: regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


positive regulation of rRNA processing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rRNA processing.


name: negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.


name: positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-35 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-35 production.


name: retrotransposon silencing by siRNA-directed DNA methylation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism mediated by RNA-directed DNA methylation. RNA-directed DNA methylation is a gene silencing process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methylation to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


positive regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of alpha-glucans.


name: positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-22 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.


name: positive regulation of glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose catabolic process to ethanol.


autosome genomic imprinting

description: The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) in autosomal (non-sexual) chromosomes during gametogenesis, and propagation of these imprints during the organism's life. Genomic imprinting leads to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation.


name: positive regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.


name: regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.


description: The formation of heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain, enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me), by a process mediated by a Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA).


name: positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.


name: positive regulation of amylopectin catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amylopectin catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.


name: negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma.


name: positive regulation of phytol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytol biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-7 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.


name: regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.


RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response

description: A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway mediated by the action of regulatory RNAs that protects against foreign organism invasion by restricting viral replication and dissemination.


name: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.


name: regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


name: positive regulation of DNA amplification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA amplification.


name: regulation of electron transfer activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of electron transfer activity.


name: negative regulation of cellulose biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose biosynthetic process.


name: epigenetic programing of female pronucleus

description: The global programming of epigenetic modifications in the female pronucleus of the newly fertilized zygote. The maternal genome is protected from global DNA demethylation before the first division of the zygote, and instead undergoes passive, replication-dependent demethylation during early embryogenesis, arising from inhibition of the DNA maintenance methyltransferase Dnmt1.


name: positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


name: positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6).


regulation of interleukin-9 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.


name: positive regulation of reverse transcription

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse transcription.


constitutive heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription.


name: positive regulation of auxin metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


name: regulation of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization.


name: regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.


name: negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.


name: negative regulation of type III interferon production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


name: regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production.


name: regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1.


name: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by a nonfermentable carbon source

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription, from an RNA polymerase II promoter, of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


name: regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


name: negative regulation of tatiopterin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha.


name: suppression by virus of host type I interferon production

description: Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


regulation of endothelin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelin production.


name: positive regulation of transcription by galactose

description: Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.


name: positive regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway.


hereditary painful callosities

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Hereditary painful callosities is a nummular palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by the development of painful keratotic lesions over pressure points in hands and feet. A few families have been described. Transmission is autosomal dominant. Successful analgesia can be obtained with tretinoin.


name: X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia

description: A rare syndromic, inherited form of sideroblastic anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ABCB7 gene and is characterized by mild to moderate anemia (with hypochromia and microcytosis) and early-onset, non- or slowly progressive spinocerebellar ataxia.


4-ketotorulene 3-hydroxylase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-ketotorulene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxy-4-ketotorulene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


name: Undifferentiated Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

description: A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis that does not fulfill any single category or has criteria for more than one category.


name: diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


name: (+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (+)-8'-hydroxyabscisate + H2O + NADP+.


cysteine-type deNEDDylase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


corolla development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corolla over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: Stage IVB Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: T0, N3, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. N3: Metastasis in a cervical lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in a single ipsilateral cervical lymph node larger than 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral cervical lymph nodes, any size and ENE(+) in any node. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of unknown primary tumor (except for EBV-related and HPV-related tumors) and metastatic cervical adenopathy according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Stage IVA Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: T0, N2, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral or contralateral cervical lymph node 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral cervical lymph node larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral cervical lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVC Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: T0, Any N, M1. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage III Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: T0, N1, M0. T0: No evidence of primary tumor. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE (extranodal extension)(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Recurrent Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of a metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a metastatic malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Recurrent Metastatic Melanoma

description: The reemergence of metastatic melanoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: The reemergence of carcinoma from an unknown primary after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Metastatic Digestive System Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of a metastatic digestive system carcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

description: The reemergence of pseudomyxoma peritonei after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Leptomeninges

description: The reemergence of a metastatic malignant neoplasm in the leptomeninges after a period of remission.


Recurrent Metastatic Gastric Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of metastatic gastric carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Metastatic Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of a metastatic skin squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


areolar gland

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple.


description: Catalysis of the movement of lysophosphatidylcholine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


interleukin-3 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


micronucleus organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the micronucleus.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host B-cell mediated immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Germinative Follicular Epithelium

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: Deafness due to Connexin 26 Gene Anomaly

description: Congenital deafness caused by mutations in the gene GJB2 (deafness gene).


Complete neonatal hearing loss

description: Complete loss of the ability to detect or understand sounds present in an infant within its first month after birth.


Neonatal hearing loss

description: Partial or complete loss of the ability to detect or understand sounds present in an infant within its first month after birth.


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 1A

description: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GJB2 gene, encoding gap junction beta-2 protein. The condition is characterized by profound sensorineural hearing loss and may be associated with vestibular dysfunction.


central hearing loss

description: Hearing loss resulting from disorders of the central nervous system auditory pathways.


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 49

description: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the MARVELD2 gene, encoding MARVEL domain-containing protein 2. The condition is characterized by profound prelingual deafness.


name: autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 36

description: Any autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TMC1 gene.


Hearing Loss, Functional

description: Hearing loss in the absence of auditory system pathology.


name: Mitochondrially Inherited Nonsyndromic Sensorineural Deafness

description: A maternally inherited form of nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness that is caused by a mutation in any of several mitochondrial genes.


Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 12

description: A genetic condition inherited in an autosomal recessive caused by mutation(s) in the CDH23 gene, encoding cadherin-23, characterized by progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Mutation(s) in the CDH23 gene may also cause Usher syndrome 1D.


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 36

description: Any autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ESPN gene.


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 28

description: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the TRIOBP gene, encoding TRIO and F-actin-binding protein. The condition is characterized by severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.


Partial neonatal hearing loss

description: Partial loss of the ability to detect or understand sounds present in an infant within its first month after birth.


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 39

description: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the HGF gene, encoding hepatocyte growth factor receptor. It is characterized by profound deafness.


noise induced hearing loss

description: A condition in which a person loses the ability to hear due to exposure to high intensity sound.


name: autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 41

description: Any autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the P2RX2 gene.


hearing loss, X-linked 4

description: Any X-linked nonsyndromic deafness in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SMPX gene.


Deafness, Autosomal Dominant 58

description: A genetic condition inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion linked to chromosome 2p21-p12, characterized by bilateral hearing loss.


name: X-linked hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with hearing loss

description: This syndrome is characterized by the association of an axonal sensory and autonomic neuropathy with hearing loss.


Sensory hearing loss

description: Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea in the inner ear.


name: severe intellectual disability-progressive spastic diplegia syndrome

description: Severe intellectual disability-progressive spastic diplegia syndrome is a rare condition that has been described in a few people with severe intellectual disability. Other signs and symptoms include progressive microcephaly (very small head); ataxia (lack of coordination); spasticity ; and/or skin, hair and mild facial anomalies. It is caused by changes (mutations) in the CTNNB1 gene and it is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


hand dermatosis

description: Skin conditions characterized by dense infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils) in the affected tissue. They arise in reaction to some underlying systemic illness. A neutrophilic dermatosis may be seen in isolation or more than one type may occur in the same individual.


arthus reaction

description: A localized vasculitis resulting from deposition of antibody-antigen complexes.


L(+)-tartrate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


name: Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Teratoma

description: A malignant mixed germ cell tumor arising from the testis.  It is characterized by the presence of a teratomatous component and malignant syncytiotrophoblastic cells.


eyelid degenerative disorder

description: A neurodegenerative disease that involves the eyelid.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to adherens junction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


name: C-19 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a C-19 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-19 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-19 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with nineteen carbons.


gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2.


name: C-20 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a C-20 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-20 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-20 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with twenty carbons.


name: glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate.


name: hyperphosphatasia with intellectual disability syndrome 2

description: Any hyperphosphatasia-intellectual disability syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PIGO gene.


External Prosthetic Device Pain

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Pain that is associated with an external artificial replacement device.


benign neoplasm of endometrium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the endometrium.


name: positive regulation of DNA strand elongation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.


severe pre-eclampsia

description: Preeclampsia with a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart while on bedrest. It is associated with thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000 per microliter), impaired liver function (twice normal elevation of hepatic transaminases; severe, persistent right upper quadrant or epigastric pain), progressive renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dL or doubling of baseline in the absence of other renal disease), pulmonary edema, or new-onset cerebral or visual disturbances.


corniculate cartilage

description: The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted].


name: Malignant nasopharyngeal neoplasm recurrent

description: The reemergence of a nasopharyngeal malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


Lymphoma of kidney

description: A lymphoma that arises from the kidney. There is no evidence of a systemic lymphoproliferative disorder.


detection of jasmonic acid stimulus

description: The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.


name: negative regulation of RNA import into nucleus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


Peritoneal Histiocytic Nodule

description: A nodule in the peritoneum composed of benign histiocytes.


Douglas' pouch

description: The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and back wall of the uterus in the female human body. The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch. In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine excavation. ) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina. In men, the region corresponding to the rectouterine pouch is the rectovesical excavation, which lies between the urinary bladder and rectum. (There is no equivalent to the vesicouterine excavation.).


uterovesical pouch

description: The peritoneum over the rectum and the bladder is continued over the intestinal surface and fundus of the uterus on to its vesical surface, which it covers as far as the junction of the body and cervix uteri, and then to the bladder, forming here a second, but shallower, pouch, the vesicouterine excavation (or uterovesical pouch). The vesicouterine excavation is close to the anterior fornix of the vagina.


cholane derivative

Any steroid (or derivative) based on a cholane skeleton.


A steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton.


name: follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of mediastinum

description: A rare follicular dendritic cell sarcoma that affects the structures of the mediastinum.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with SF3B1 Mutation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia associated with SF3B1 gene mutation.


streptococcus pneumoniae discitis

description: Discitis caused by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.


atrial septal defect 9

description: Any atrial heart septal defect in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GATA6 gene.


Ewing sarcoma of bone

description: A small round cell bone tumor that lacks morphologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation. It represents one of the two ends of the spectrum called Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor. It often affects the diaphysis or metaphyseal-diaphyseal portion of long bones. Clinical findings include pain and a mass in the involved area. fever, anemia, leukocytosis, and an increased sedimentation rate are often seen. X-ray examination reveals osteolytic lesions. The prognosis depends on the stage, anatomic location, and size of the tumor.


depressor labii inferioris

description: A muscle of facial expression, innervated by the facial nerve, attached to the skin of the lower lip, orbicularis oris muscle, and mandible, and superficial and lateral to the mentalis muscle. See Diogo et al., 2009; Burrows et al., 2011).


name: negative regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.


name: negative regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.


name: negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


name: regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


acute hypotension

description: Acute form of hypotension (disease).


name: peptidyl-arginine dihydroxylation to peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine

description: The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine.


peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine.


name: peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine.


name: Pancreatic Mucinous-Cystic Neoplasm, High Grade

description: A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and is characterized by the presence of severe dysplasia.  The neoplastic columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells form papillae with irregular branching and budding.  There is nuclear stratification, prominent nucleoli, and cellular pleomorphism.  Mitotic activity is present and the mitoses may be atypical.


oxylipin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


name: positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.


name: Parenteral Nutrition - Associated Cholestasis

description: Cholestasis that results from prolonged total parenteral nutrition. It is caused by diminished bile flow from the liver into the duodenum. It may result in cirrhosis and liver failure. Preterm infants are most susceptible to liver damage.


Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis

description: Reappearance of cholestasis caused by obstruction within the liver.


Genital rhabdomyoma

description: A rare benign skeletal muscle neoplasm arising from the female genital tract. It is characterized by the presence of small nucleated rhabdomyoblasts within a fibrous and myxoid stroma.


Benign Skeletal Muscle Neoplasm

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle tissue.


Extracardiac Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm that shows mature skeletal muscle differentiation.


Central Nervous System Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the central nervous system.  It consists of mature skeletal muscle tissue.


Vulvar Rhabdomyoma

description: A rare benign polypoid skeletal muscle neoplasm arising from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of round striated muscle cells and strap-like skeletal muscle cells, and vascular space formations within a fibrous and myxoid stroma.


Fetal rhabdomyoma

description: A rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle. It is characterized by the presence of immature spindle and polygonal cells within a scant myxoid stroma. It usually develops in the head and neck region of young children.


Paratesticular Rhabdomyoma

description: A rhabdomyoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


Vaginal Rhabdomyoma

description: A rare benign polypoid skeletal muscle neoplasm arising from the vagina.  It is characterized by the presence of round striated muscle cells and strap-like skeletal muscle cells, and vascular space formations within a fibrous and myxoid stroma.


Head and Neck Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation that arises from the head and neck. It usually affects the mouth, parapharyngeal space, larynx, salivary glands, and soft tissue of the neck.


Intermediate Rhabdomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of fetal rhabdomyoma characterized by the presence of spindle cell myoblasts and strap-like skeletal muscle cells.


Adult Extracardiac Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle and occurring in adults.


Classic Rhabdomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of fetal rhabdomyoma characterized by the presence of a prominent myxoid stroma and primitive skeletal spindle cells.


Mediastinal Rhabdomyoma

description: A rare benign skeletal muscle neoplasm arising from the mediastinum.


atrial septal defect 7

description: Atrial septal defect (ASD) with atrioventricular conduction defects is an extremely rare genetic congenital heart disease characterized by the presence of ASD, mostly of the ostium secundum type, associated with conduction anomalies like atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation or right bundle branch block.


mesenteric lymphadenitis

description: Inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes.


name: amyloidosis, primary localized cutaneous, 1

description: Any primary cutaneous amyloidosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the OSMR gene.


name: familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis


name: amyloidosis, primary localized cutaneous, 3


name: amyloidosis, primary localized cutaneous, 2


trihydroxyflavanone

A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents.


name: negative regulation of mediator complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mediator complex assembly.


name: Stage IB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Tumor limited to both tubes, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


thyroid follicle

description: Discrete, cystlike units of the thyroid gland that are lined with cuboidal epithelium and are filled with a colloid substance, about 30 to each lobule[BTO].


fenestra endochoanalis

description: Opening on the ventral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis interna.


epaxial region somite 17

description: The epaxial region of somite 17 derived body wall muscle. The epaxial region is dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.


Expanding aneurysm

description: Expansion of aneurysm.


name: positive regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.


name: negative regulation of vascular wound healing

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


name: negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of vessel branching

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


name: follicular atrophoderma-basal cell carcinoma


Metastatic Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the abdomen and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Advanced Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the abdomen and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Pleomorphic Liposarcoma

description: Pleomorphic liposarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line

description: The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite.


name: masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line

description: The determination of male sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination

description: The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite.


female germ-line sex determination

description: The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.


name: macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth

description: The oval neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the anterior wall of the saccule; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies.


anterior macula

description: Macula that is located in the developing anterior inner ear, and gives rise to the macula utricle. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.).


name: macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth

description: The neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibers around their bodies; normally sensitive to linear acceleration in the longitudinal axis of the body and to gravitational influences.


macula neglecta

description: Macula positioned on the floor of the utricle adjacent to the utriculosaccular foramen at the base of the common crus.


posterior macula

description: Macula that is located in the developing posterior inner ear, and gives rise to the macula neglecta and the macula saccule. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (Kdo)2-lipid A + 2 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = (beta-L-Ara4N)2-(KDO)2-lipid A + 2 ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate.


name: sick sinus syndrome 2, autosomal dominant

description: Any sick sinus syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HCN4 gene.


20q11.2 microduplication syndrome

description: 20q11.2 microduplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, due to partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 20, characterized by psychomotor and developmental delay, moderate intellectual disability, metopic ridging/trigonocephaly, short hands and/or feet and distinctive facial features (epicanthus, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, horizontal/downslanting palpebral fissures, small nose with depressed nasal bridge and anteverted nostrils, prominent cheeks, retrognathia and small, thick ears). Growth delay and cryptororchidism are often associated features.


TNFSF11 binding

description: Binding to tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family.


chlorophyllase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll + H2O = phytol + chlorophyllide.


brachydactyly type E2

description: Any brachydactyly type E in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTHLH gene.


immunodeficiency 32B

description: A rare progressive disease that begins as a primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this type of infection, the body makes too many lymphocytes (lymphoproliferative disease) for a period of more than 6 months duration. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are an importantpart ofthe immune system because they help fight off diseases and protect the body from infection byproducing antibodies against viruses or bacteria and regulating immune responses. In CAEBV there are many antibodies againstEBV in the blood.Most people (about 95% of adults) get infected with EBV at some point in their lives, and never have any health problems.However, EBV can cause infectiousmononucleosis and other illnesses, and has a role in various autoimmune diseases and some types of cancer. While most infections occurring during childhood do not cause any symptoms,EBV infection in adolescents or young adults can often result in mononucleosis.After an EBV infection, the virus becomes latent (inactive) in the body, and, in some cases, the virus may reactivate. This does not always cause symptoms, but people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop symptoms if EBV reactivates.In rare cases, people infected with EBV develop chronic active EBV virus infection(CAEBV) without apparent immunodeficiency. Most cases of CAEBV have been reported from Japan. These patientshave some of the complications found in otherwise-healthy patients with acute EBV infection, but unlike healthy patients, these complications persist and progress. Symptoms of CAEBV most often include fever, liverdysfunction, an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), and low numbers of platelets (thrombocytopenia) as well as high EBV-DNA load in the blood. Other features that appear in more than 10% of patients include enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), anemia, hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, rash, oral ulcers, hemophagocytic syndrome, coronary artery aneurysms, liver failure, lymphoma, and interstitial pneumonia. While the cause is yet unknown, researchers have identified defects in T cells or natural killer (NK) cells activity which results in a decreased defense against the EBV in people with CAEBV.It is important to note that the fatigue and malaise from acute infectious mononucleosis (IM)varies from mild symptoms lasting only a few weeks, to more severe symptoms of fatigue that can persist for several months, or even up to a year or more in up to 10% of patients (which may be considered a less severe form of chronicEBV infection). The persistence of fatigue that is seen in some patients after acute IM would lead some people to believe that EBV may also cause cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, no convincing link has been found between EBV and CFS.Hematopoietic stemcell transplantation has shown promise in the treatment of CAEBV.


name: negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


organosulfonic ester

An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol with an organosulfonic acid.


methanesulfonate ester

An organosulfonic ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol.


isobutanol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving isobutanol.


valine catabolic process to isobutanol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine to isobutanol.


isobutanol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isobutanol.


glycine catabolic process to isobutanol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine to isobutanol.


name: congenital narrowing of cervical spinal canal

description: Congenital cervical spinal stenosis is a rare neurological disease characterized by a congenital narrowing of the bony anatomy of the cervical spinal canal (sagittal diameter <14mm), predisposing the individual to symptomatic neural compression, such as cramps, paresthesias, pain, muscle hypertonia and weakness, myelopathy and sphincter disturbances.


Vas deferens perforation

description: A rupture in the wall of the vas deferens.


Retinoblastoma, diffuse

description: A retinoblastoma characterized by the absence of a distinct retinal mass and the presence of malignant cells diffusely infiltrating the retina. It is often confused with uveitis and endophthalmitis, resulting in delayed diagnosis of the malignancy.


name: spermatid cytoplasm removal during spermiation of flagellated sperm

description: The process of removing the majority of the cytoplasm and organelles from a spermatid as it develops into a mature flagellated sperm cell.


name: microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body

description: The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body.


description: The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from the centrosome.


description: The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from chromatin.


name: mitotic spindle-templated microtubule nucleation

description: The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates from within the mitotic spindle.


double-stranded DNA helicase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


name: adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells

description: An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


adaptive immune memory response

description: An immune response directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


name: 3-methylbutanal reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


butanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: butan-1-ol + NAD+ = butanal + H+ + NADH.


methanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + NAD+ = formaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, iron-dependent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of iron.


xanthoxin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + xanthoxin = (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H+ + NADH.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, metal ion-independent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+; can proceed in the absence of a metal ion.


octanol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD+ = 1-octanal + H+ + NADH.


name: aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+.


name: perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


name: inositol 2-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADH.


name: hexadecanol (NAD+) dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.


name: indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


name: regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a change in identity of a meristem at a characteristic predetermined time point.


name: regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase

description: The process controlling the point in time during development when a vegetative meristem will change its identity to become an inflorescence or floral meristem, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.


name: histone H3K27 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me3.


name: histone H3K27 monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me.


name: histone H3K27 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me2.


name: non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.


mesocestoidiasis

description: An disease or disorder caused by infection with Mesocestoides.


name: Refractory Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


glucosamine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucosamine = ADP + D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H+.


name: negative regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. For example, when the muscle cell arrives at the target tendon cell, migration is arrested so that attachments can be made between the cells.


name: regulation of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of growth factor dependent skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


fibrous meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of spindle cells that form bundles in a collagen matrix.


name: zinc D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of the D-alanyl-D-alanine bond in (Ac)2-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


Larsen-like syndrome, B3GAT3 type

description: Larsen-like syndrome, B3GAT3 type is a rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia characterized by laxity, dislocations and contractures of the joints, short stature, foot deformities (e.g. clubfeet), broad tips of fingers and toes, short neck, dysmorphic facial features (hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, upturned nose with anteverted nares, high arched palate) and various cardiac malformations. Severe disease is associated with multiple fractures, osteopenia, arachnodactyly and blue sclerae. A broad spectrum of additional features, including scoliosis, radio-ulnar synostosis, mild developmental delay, and various eye disorders (glaucoma, amblyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, ptosis), are also reported.


name: positive regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of xylan catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of mannan catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


primary ciliary dyskinesia 13

description: Any primary ciliary dyskinesia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the DNAAF1 gene.


kanamycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kanamycin.


name: aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


gentamycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gentamycin.


neomycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neomycin.


paromomycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paromomycin.


name: 2:1 Atrioventricular Block by ECG Finding

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a supraventricular rhythm where the ratio of impulses generated above the atrioventricular node to the number of impulses conducted through to the ventricles is 2:1. This is manifested on the ECG as 2 P waves per QRS complex. (CDISC)


negative regulation of lactation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


name: Myeloblasts 10-19 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

description: A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that between 10 and 19 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral blood sample are immature mononuclear cells of myeloid origin.


name: Myeloblasts 5-19 Percent of Peripheral Blood White Cells

description: A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that 5-19 percent of the nucleated cells in a peripheral leukocyte sample are immature mononuclear cells of myeloid origin.


Factor V Inactivation

description: Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor V in the blood.


acquired factor V deficiency

description: An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor V activity in the blood.


name: decanoate-[HmqF protein] ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: decanoate + ATP(4-) + an HmqF protein = AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a decanoyl-HmqF protein.


butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA.


name: butyryl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetyl-CoA

description: The chemical reactions and pathway resulting in the formation of butyryl-CoA, starting from acetyl-CoA.


name: protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-mannose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + mannose(out) = protein histidine + mannose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


myenteric nerve plexus of appendix

description: Myenteric nerve plexus that is located in the vermiform appendix.


myenteric nerve plexus of anorectum

description: Myenteric nerve plexus that is located in the anorectum.


myenteric nerve plexus of colon

description: Myenteric nerve plexus that is located in the colon.


name: myenteric nerve plexus of small intestine

description: Myenteric nerve plexus that is part of the small intestine.


Gallbladder Adenoma, Intestinal-Type

description: An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder and is associated with intestinal-type differentiation.


neoplastic polyp

description: A term that includes all polypoid growth from the inner lining of the mucous membrane.


Cervical Microglandular Polyp

description: A benign endocervical polypoid epithelial hyperplasia characterized by the presence of tightly packed glandular structures. It is usually seen in women on oral contraceptive therapy and during pregnancy.


tubular adenoma of stomach

description: An intestinal-type adenoma that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of a tubular architectural pattern.


Precancerous Polyp

description: A polyp with severe dysplastic features.


polyposis

description: A condition characterized by the presence of numerous polyps.


villous adenoma of stomach

description: An intestinal-type adenoma that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern.


adenomatous polyp of stomach

description: A neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach. It is associated with intestinal-type differentiation. The presence of high grade dysplasia and a size of more than 2 cm are factors that increase the risk of malignant transformation.


Ampulla of Vater Tubular Adenoma

description: An intestinal-type adenoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  It is characterized by the presence of tubular epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Eosinophilic granulomatous polyp

description: A benign, often polypoid, hypocellular fibroblastic neoplasm with a predilection for the stomach and ileum, containing a prominent inflammatory infiltrate, especially eosinophils. (WHO 2019)


Ampulla of Vater Villous Adenoma

description: An intestinal-type adenoma arising from the ampulla of Vater.  It is characterized by the presence of villous epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


Adenomatous Polyps

description: A polypoid neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. There is proliferation of glandular cells which may display dysplastic cytologic features. Representative examples include the adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum..


Endocervical polyp

description: A polyp that arises from the endocervix. It is characterized by the presence of endocervical glands and a fibrovascular stroma.


Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Polyp

description: An adenomatous polyp that arises from the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube and is characterized by the presence of endometrial epithelium.  It may obstruct the lumen of the fallopian tube and result in infertility or tubal pregnancy.


Colorectal Adenomatous Polyp

description: A polypoid adenoma that arises from and protrudes into the lumen of the colon or rectum.  Epithelial dysplasia is always present.  According to the architectural pattern it is classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous.


Adenoma of ampulla of Vater

description: An adenoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater and resembles the adenomas of the small and large intestines.  Morphologically, according to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous.  Dysplasia is always present.  Jaundice may be an early symptom.


Adenomatous polyp of rectum

description: A polypoid adenoma that arises from and protrudes into the lumen of the rectum.  Epithelial dysplasia is always present.  According to the architectural pattern it is classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous.


Intestinal-type adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the glandular epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with intestinal-type differentiation.


tubulovillous adenoma of stomach

description: An intestinal-type adenoma that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of a tubulovillous architectural pattern.


tubulopapillary adenoma of gallbladder

description: A grossly visible non-invasive neoplasm of the gallbladder composed of uniform back-to-back mucinous glands arranged in a tubular configuration. (WHO 2019)


myxoid/round cell liposarcoma

description: Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS) is a type of liposarcoma (LS) mostly located in the limbs, with a variable behavior depending on the histological subtype. Both myxoid and round cell are distinct histological subtypes of LS.


ovarian myxoid liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the ovary and is composed of round to oval mesenchymal cells, small signet ring lipoblasts, and a rich network of capillaries in a myxoid stroma.


round cell liposarcoma

description: A poorly differentiated liposarcoma, characterized by the presence of solid sheets of primitive round mesenchymal cells and the absence of myxoid stroma.


metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

description: The orderly movement of undifferentiated metanephric mesenchymal cells (precursors to metanephric mesangial cells) from the mesenchyme into the cleft of the developing glomerulus, during development of the metanephros.


name: bidirectional double-stranded viral DNA replication

description: A viral DNA replication process where replication occurs in both directions from the starting point. This creates two replication forks, moving in opposite directions.


1,2-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methyl-2-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactoside = L-fucose + methyl beta-D-galactoside.


Vaginal Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of vaginal cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all carcinomas of the vagina. There is no AJCC staging system for mucosal melanoma of the vagina. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage III Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1-T3, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor confined to the vagina. T2: Tumor invading paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic sidewall. T3: Tumor extending to the pelvic sidewall and/or involving the lower third of the vagina and/or causing hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Pelvic or inguinal lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IV Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor invading the mucosa of the bladder or rectum and/or extending beyond the true pelvis (bullous edema is not sufficient evidence to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage II Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T2a, N0, M0; IIB: T2b, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor invading paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall, measuring 2.0 cm or less. T2b: Tumor invading paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall, measuring more than 2.0 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIA Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor invading paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall, measuring 2.0 cm or less. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IIB Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T2b, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor invading paravaginal tissues but not to pelvic wall, measuring more than 2.0 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Unresectable Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A papillary renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Refractory Fibrolamellar Carcinoma

description: Fibrolamellar carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation

description: The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


retinal rod cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


R3/R4 cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


R8 cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.


R7 cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium.


name: compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


R2/R5 cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


R1/R6 cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.


retinal cone cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


name: ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.


internal thoracic artery

description: An artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. [WP,unvetted].


name: peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity

description: Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.


description: The removal of phosphate residues from peptidyl-N-phospho-arginine to form peptidyl-arginine.


peptidyl-histidine dephosphorylation

description: The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-histidine to form peptidyl-histidine.


name: peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in activation of protein kinase activity

description: Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in activation of protein kinase activity.


PYRIDOXAMINE PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS

A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the  phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.


PYRIDOXAMINE

A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an aminomethyl group at position 4, a hydroxymethyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-aminomethyl form of vitamin B6, it is used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


desmosome maintenance

description: The maintenance of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junctions found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an interspace of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


desmosome disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


Decreased Corpora Lutea

description: A decrease in the number of corpora lutea within the ovary.


name: Prostate Stromal Proliferation of Uncertain Malignant Potential

description: A neoplastic lesion that arises from the prostate gland stroma.  Morphologic characteristics include hypercellular stroma with scattered atypical cells, prominent overgrowth of the prostatic stroma, or changes resembling benign phyllodes tumor.  The majority of cases do not have an aggressive clinical course.  A minority of cases however, may progress to stromal sarcoma.


tibial muscular dystrophy

description: A distal myopathy characterized by weakness of the muscles of the anterior compartment of lower limbs, appearing in the fourth to seventh decade of life.


Meyerson nevus

description: A benign melanocytic nevus surrounded by eczematous changes.


cellular response to mycotoxin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


extrathymic T cell selection

description: The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.


positive extrathymic T cell selection

description: The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


negative extrathymic T cell selection

description: The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.


male urethral gland

description: Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the penile urethra.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to supraclavicular lymph nodes

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm from its original site of growth to supraclavicular lymph nodes.


name: metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lymph nodes.


name: Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Regional Lymph Nodes

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm from its original site of growth to nearby lymph nodes.


name: Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lymph Nodes

description: A carcinoma that arises from the breast and has spread to the lymph nodes.


Metastatic Melanoma in the Lymph Nodes

description: A melanoma that has spread to the lymph nodes from a cutaneous or extracutaneous primary site.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to mediastinal lymph nodes

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinal lymph nodes from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


name: Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lymph Nodes

description: A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to the lymph nodes.


name: Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Cervical Lymph Nodes

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to the cervical lymph nodes.


name: Dextro-Transposition of the Great Vessels with Intact Ventricular Septum

description: A congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal arrangement of any of the primary blood vessels of the heart in conjunction with the notable absence of any pathologic opening between the cardiac ventricles.


name: positive regulation of muscle hyperplasia

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene D4.


name: Central Nervous System Teratoma with Malignant Transformation

description: A central nervous system teratoma characterized by the presence of a malignant component. The malignant component most often is sarcomatous (rhabdomyosarcoma or undifferentiated sarcoma) or carcinomatous (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma).


name: Sellar Teratoma with Malignant Transformation

description: A teratoma with malignant transformation that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


HIV wasting syndrome

description: Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than hiv infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofiber degeneration. A variety of etiologies, which vary among patients, contributes to this syndrome. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, p1611).


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer

description: Stage IA1 includes: T1a1, N0, M0.  T1a1: Measured stromal invasion 3.0 mm or less in depth and 7.0 mm or less in horizontal spread.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IA Cervical Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IA includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IA1 (T1a1, N0, M0); IA2 (T1a2, N0, M0).  T1a: Invasive carcinoma diagnosed only by microscopy. Stromal invasion with a maximum depth of 5.0 mm measured from the base of the epithelium and a horizontal spread of 7.0 mm or less. Vascular space involvement, venous or lymphatic, does not affect classification. T1a1: Measured stromal invasion 3.0 mm or less in depth and 7.0 or less horizontal spread.  T1a2: Measured stromal invasion more than 3.0 mm and not more than 5.0 mm with a horizontal spread 7.0 mm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IA2 Cervical Cancer

description: Stage IA2 includes: T1a2, N0, M0.  T1a2: Measured stromal invasion more than 3.0 mm and not more than 5.0 mm with a horizontal spread 7.0 mm or less.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 82


Machado-Joseph disease type 2

description: Machado-Joseph disease type 2 is a subtype of Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) with intermediate severity characterized by an intermediate age of onset, cerebellar ataxia and external progressive ophthalmoplegia, with variable pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs.