retinal detachment

description: An eye emergency condition which may lead to blindness if left untreated. It is characterized by the separation of the inner retina layers from the underlying pigment epithelium. Causes include trauma, advanced diabetes mellitus, high myopia, and choroid tumors. Symptoms include sudden appearance of floaters, sudden light flushes, and blurred vision.


interleukin-6 receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of protein secretion

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


signal sequence binding

description: Binding to a signal sequence, a specific peptide sequence found on protein precursors or mature proteins that dictates where the mature protein is localized.


name: positive regulation of blood circulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


micturition

description: The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.


thelarche

description: The beginning of development of the breasts in the female.


fasciculation of motor neuron axon

description: The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


tube formation

description: Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.


colestipol

A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.


cholecystitis

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An acute or chronic inflammation involving the gallbladder wall. It may be associated with the presence of gallstones.


synovitis

description: Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


heart morphogenesis

description: The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


oocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


NADP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


name: negative regulation of viral transcription

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


chylomicron assembly

description: The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.


protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


name: atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.


neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulated exocytosis

description: A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.


manual digit 1

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: 1st (preaxial) digit of the manus[Wikipedia].


name: regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


calcium ion import

description: The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


brain disorder

description: A disease affecting the brain or part of the brain.


cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


name: regulation of developmental pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


metanephric nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric nephron are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


RNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


procarbazine

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.


Hoarse voice

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky.


myelin sheath

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.


nateglinide

An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


name: regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


name: positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


regulation of oxidoreductase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.


name: regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.


personality disorder

description: A diverse category of psychiatric disorders characterized by behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture; this pattern of deviation is pervasive and inflexible and is stable over time. The behavioral pattern negatively interferes with relationships and work.


stroke disorder

description: A sudden loss of neurological function secondary to hemorrhage or ischemia in the brain parenchyma due to a vascular event.


regulation of organelle assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly.


Cajal body

description: A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.


hexobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.


fluid transport

description: The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


flavonoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.


laryngitis

description: An acute or chronic, bacterial or viral inflammatory process affecting the larynx. Signs and symptoms include sore throat, cough, swallowing difficulties, and hoarseness.


name: negative regulation of epinephrine secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


zinc ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of zinc(2+) ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


asymmetric synapse

description: A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.


phagophore assembly site membrane

description: A cellular membrane associated with the phagophore assembly site.


astrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


nalidixic acid

A monocarboxylic acid comprising 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one substituted by carboxylic acid, ethyl and methyl groups at positions 3, 1, and 7, respectively. An orally administered antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of lower urinary-tract infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, including the majority of E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Proteus species.


name: superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.


regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.


dyclonine

N-Ethylpiperidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the methyl group is substituted by a 4-butoxybenzoyl group.


Bradykinesia

description: Bradykinesia literally means slow movement, and is used clinically to denote a slowness in the execution of movement (in contrast to hypokinesia, which is used to refer to slowness in the initiation of movement).


autophagosome assembly

description: The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.


terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


mitotic chromosome condensation

description: The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.


blue light photoreceptor activity

description: The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


L-alanine

The L-enantiomer of alanine.


thrombophilia due to thrombin defect

description: The formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of a vein.


intestinal epithelial cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of nitric oxide, detection by receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and ends with the activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.


vitamin transport

description: The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


pyridoxine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


cellular response to X-ray

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


long-chain fatty acid transport

description: The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


Superficial thrombophlebitis

description: Inflammation of a superficial vein associated with venous thrombosis (blood clot formation within the vein).


rostrocaudal neural tube patterning

description: The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.


name: toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


unconventional myosin complex

description: A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.


halothane

A haloalkane comprising ethane having three flouro substituents at the 1-position as well as bromo- and chloro substituents at the 2-position.


pericardium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.


Nuchal rigidity

description: Resistance of the extensor muscles of the neck to being bent forwards (i.e., impaired neck flexion) as a result of muscle spasm of the extensor muscles of the neck. Nuchal rigidity is not a fixed rigidity. Nuchal rigidity has been used as a bedside test for meningism, although its sensitivity for this purpose has been debated.


name: thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


leukotriene B4 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


name: negative regulation of peptide secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


glycolipid binding

description: Binding to a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.


name: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


Sin3-type complex

description: Any of a number of evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs) containing a core consisting of a paired amphipathic helix motif protein (e.g. Sin3p in S. cerevisiae, Pst1 in S. pombe or Sin3A in mammals) at least one class I histone deacetylase (e.g. Rpd3p in S. cerevisiae, Clr6 in S. pombe, or HDAC1 and HDAC2 in mammals), and at least one WD40 repeat protein (e.g. Ume1p in S. cerevisiae, Prw1 in S. pombe, or RbAp46 and RbAp48 in mammals). These complexes also contain a variable number of other proteins that direct histone binding, DNA binding, or add other functionality to the complex.


name: core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region. The core promoter is composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the RNA polymerase and the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


name: cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

description: Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.


L-phenylalanine

The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.


gap junction hemi-channel activity

description: A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex

description: A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


name: monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.


Tetany

description: A condition characterized by intermittent involuntary contraction of muscles (spasms) related to hypocalcemia or occasionally magnesium deficiency.


name: purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


Cachexia

description: Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease.


name: negative regulation of stress fiber assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


response to tumor cell

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


name: negative regulation of T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


sternoclavicular joint

description: The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted].


quinapril

A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.


neutrophil activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


podosome

description: An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.


name: positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.


L-lysine transport

description: The directed movement of a L-lysine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to ketone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.


phenprocoumon

A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.


phagocytic vesicle

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.


pseudotumor cerebri

description: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a neurological disorder characterized by isolated increased intracranial pressure manifesting with recurrent and persistent headaches, nausea, vomiting, progressive and transient obstruction of the visual field, papilledema. Visual loss can be irreversible.


triglyceride lipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.


name: regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


name: positive regulation of chromosome segregation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


amine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


name: regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


renal absorption

description: A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


purine nucleotide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


positive regulation of lipid transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cyclopentolate

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis  of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.


hepatic veno-occlusive disease

description: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (hepatic VOD) is a condition resulting from toxic injury to the hepatic sinusoidal capillaries that leads to obstruction of the small hepatic veins.


proctocolitis

description: Inflammation of the rectum and colon.


name: calcium activated phosphatidylcholine scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phosphatidylcholine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


Oral Pain

description: Painful sensation in the mouth, tongue, or lips.


Toll-like receptor 4 binding

description: Binding to a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


behavioral response to nicotine

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


neural crest cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle

description: The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


notochord morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


sterol homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.


hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


cell differentiation in spinal cord

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


name: regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade.


ligament

description: Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.


methacholine

A quaternary ammonium ion in which the nitrogen is substituted with three methyl groups and a 2-acetoxypropyl group. Parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor drug used in clinical diagnosis.


vaginal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vagina. Representative examples include vaginal infection, vaginal polyp, and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma.


dystroglycan complex

description: A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.


Prolonged prothrombin time

description: Increased time to coagulation in the prothrombin time test, which is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The results of the prothrombin time test are often expressed in terms of the International normalized ratio (INR), which is calculated as a ratio of the patient's prothrombin time (PT) to a control PT standardized for the potency of the thromboplastin reagent developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the formula: INR is equal to Patient PT divided by Control PT.


contact dermatitis

description: An inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact between the skin and either an irritating substance or an allergen.


cGMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


sterol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


desmosome

description: A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


name: activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.


bunolol

A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.


Decreased corneal sensation

description: Reduced ability of the cornea to respond to stimulation.


name: positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.


actomyosin

description: Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.


name: negative regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.


name: negative regulation of protein sumoylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


name: negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


name: regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


multicellular organismal movement

description: Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.


Golgi cisterna

description: Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


response to vitamin D

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.


name: positive regulation of microtubule nucleation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of microtubule nucleation. Microtubule nucleation is the 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.


name: establishment of protein localization to chromosome

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.


name: regulation of sister chromatid segregation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.


Hirsutism

description: Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair).


epithelial structure maintenance

description: A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.


otic vesicle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


phytomenadione

A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.


Palpebral edema

description: Edema in the region of the eyelids.


tRNA aminoacylation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.


name: establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

description: The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.


name: positive regulation of receptor recycling

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.


macitentan

A member of the class of sulfamides in which the two amino groups of sulfonamide are substituted by 5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-{2-[(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]ethoxy}pyrimidin-4-yl and propyl groups. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


filopodium

description: Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.


protein targeting to peroxisome

description: The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.


MLL1/2 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.


benzatropine

Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal

description: The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


name: somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

description: Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.


nonoxinol

A tergitol polymer consisting of nonylbenzene with a nine-membered poly(ethylene glycol) moiety attached at position 4.


name: negative regulation of cellular respiration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.


formation of anatomical boundary

description: The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


description: A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.


antigen binding

description: Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. Antigen binding by an MHC protein complex allows the antigen to be displayed to a T cell or NK cell.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


name: regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


myosin complex

description: A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.


D-mannose binding

description: Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.


pericardial effusion

description: Fluid collection within the pericardial sac, usually due to inflammation.


name: negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


name: positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.


toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 3.


creatine phosphokinase, elevated serum

description: A laboratory test result which indicates increased levels of creatine phosphokinase in a biological specimen.


Hypokinesia

description: Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency.


craniosynostosis

description: Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to secondary distortion of skull shape resulting in skull deformities with a variable presentation. Craniosynostosis may occur in an isolated setting or as part of a syndrome.


name: excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, where channel opening contributes to an increase in membrane potential.


Pulmonary vasculitis

description: Cellular inflammation, vessel destruction, and tissue necrosis of the blood vessels of the lung.


metanephros morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


Meniere disease

description: A disease of the inner ear (labyrinth) that is characterized by fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss; tinnitus; episodic vertigo; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.


quinine

A cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy.


mitotic spindle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


stress fiber

description: A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.


name: negative regulation of chromosome segregation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


name: bundle of His cell-Purkinje myocyte adhesion involved in cell communication

description: The attachment of a bundle of His cell to a Purkinje myocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


name: regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


response to laminar fluid shear stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.


lens placode formation

description: The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.


ribosomal subunit

description: Either of the two subunits of a ribosome: the ribosomal large subunit or the ribosomal small subunit.


Subcapsular cataract

description: A cataract that affects the region of the lens directly beneath the capsule of the lens.


sofosbuvir

A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


sensory perception of bitter taste

description: The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


circadian sleep/wake cycle process

description: A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


activin binding

description: Binding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.


Crystalluria

description: The presence of crystals in the urine.


Heart murmur

description: An extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat caused vibrations resulting from the flow of blood through the heart.


name: detection of molecule of bacterial origin

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to muscle activity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.


bile acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


Hypomagnesemia

description: An abnormally decreased magnesium concentration in the blood.


name: complement activation, classical pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.


Reduced hematocrit

description: A reduction below the normal ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.


regulation of RNA splicing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


response to X-ray

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


somite development

description: The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


dopamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


estrogen biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


name: negative regulation of telomere maintenance

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group.


name: negative regulation of cell fate commitment

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


embryonic skeletal system development

description: The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of glycogen metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.


scrotum

description: The external sac of skin that encloses the testes. It is an extension of the abdomen, and in placentals is located between the penis and anus.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair

description: Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end and uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.


inner ear receptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


name: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

description: The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.


ureteric bud morphogenesis

description: The process in which the ureteric bud is generated and organized.


decidualization

description: The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.


thioguanine

A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.


vesicle cargo loading

description: The formation of a macromolecular complex between the coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.


motile cilium

description: A cilium which may have a variable arrangement of axonemal microtubules and also contains molecular motors. It may beat with a whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface, such as on epithelial cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues; or they may display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface to affect asymmetric body plan organization. Motile cilia can be found in single as well as multiple copies per cell.


cyclobenzaprine

5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


glycoprotein complex

description: A protein complex containing at least one glycosylated protein, may be held together by both covalent and noncovalent bonds.


ATRACURIUM BESYLATE

The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.


name: negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


melanosome localization

description: Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


name: chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle

description: A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.


hepatitis C virus infection

description: A viral infection caused by the hepatitis C virus.


name: polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein.


midodrine

An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.


name: cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.


error-free translesion synthesis

description: The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication by using a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex to insert a defined nucleotide across the lesion. This process does not remove the replication-blocking lesions but does not causes an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For S. cerevisiae, RAD30 encodes DNA polymerase eta, which incorporates two adenines. When incorporated across a thymine-thymine dimer, it does not increase the endogenous mutation level.


name: negative regulation of hexokinase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.


cisapride

The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.


positive regulation of DNA replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


atrial flutter

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an organized, regular atrial rhythm with atrial rate of 240-340 beats per minute. Multiple P waves typically appear in the inferior leads in a saw tooth-like pattern between the QRS complexes. (CDISC)


cytochrome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


name: negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


response to sterol depletion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


mitochondrial nucleoid

description: The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.


uterus development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Facial edema

description: Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in facial tissues.


name: vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.


parental behavior

description: A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring.


name: regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.


fixed pigmented erythema

description: Round areas of red-purple reaction in the skin that result after drug exposure; these recur in the same location when the medication is readministered.


gap junction channel activity

description: A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


name: positive regulation of chromatin binding

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


tizanidine

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group.  It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.


anterior uveitis

description: Inflammation of the iris and anterior chamber of the eye.


Gingival Pain

description: Painful sensation in the gingival region.


hemoglobin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


name: cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

description: Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


name: positive regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.


name: positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


ribosomal small subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


name: transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

description: The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.


name: positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


heme binding

description: Binding to a heme, a compound composed of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.


name: protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process

description: The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


name: detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.


ventricular fibrillation

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a rapid grossly irregular ventricular rhythm with marked variability in QRS cycle length, morphology, and amplitude. The rate is typically greater than 300 bpm. (CDISC)


endodermal cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


neuromedin U receptor activity

description: Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity.


histone deacetylase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.


name: negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


intracellular transport of virus

description: The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell.


name: regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


protein polyubiquitination

description: Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.


name: regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


regulation of anoikis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


name: regulation of melanocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.


name: positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


ear morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


negative regulation of MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


name: negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

description: Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


podocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


oligopeptide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an oligopeptide is transported across a membrane. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


name: negative regulation of collagen metabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


RNA endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


name: L-alpha-amino acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-alpha-amino acid across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore.


regulation of viral genome replication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


demethylation

description: The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule.


name: benzene-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.


forebrain cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.


regulation of sensory perception

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


name: positive regulation of viral entry into host cell

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of viral entry into the host cell.


(R)-tolvaptan

The (R)-enantiomer of tolvaptan.


name: positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


magnesium ion transport

description: The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


name: endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


name: regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Shoulder pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the shoulder.


name: DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


name: skeletal muscle satellite cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells.


miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


sodium stibogluconate

A D-gluconate adduct of indefinite composition containing between 30 and 34% of antimony(V), calculated with reference to dried and methanol-free substance. It is used as a treatment for leishmaniasis.


name: ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another molecule, usually another protein, via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.


Delusion

description: A delusion is a fixed false belief held despite evidence to the contrary. The term delusion broadly encompasses all false judgments that possess the following external characteristics to a significant, albeit unspecified, extent: (1) they are held with an exceptional level of conviction, accompanied by an unparalleled subjective certainty; (2) there is an inability to consider alternative experiences or compelling counter-arguments; (3) the content of the belief is impossible.


negative regulation of axonogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.


ribonucleoprotein complex localization

description: Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.


cortical actin cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


name: regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


name: negative regulation of filopodium assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


regulation of membrane depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


regulation of T cell mediated immunity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


Shivering

description: Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles.


thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

description: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an aggressive and life-threatening form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by profound peripheral thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and organ failure of variable severity and is comprised of congenital TTP and acquired TTP.


name: cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


regulation of exosomal secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.


chaperone-mediated protein folding

description: The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.


name: Congenital anomaly of central nervous system


myeloid dendritic cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


diethylpropion

An  aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.


copper ion transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of copper cation across a membrane.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


ketone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


spliceosomal snRNP assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.


hypertrophy of breast

description: Excessive enlargement of one or both breasts. Causes include pregnancy, obesity, and penicillamine therapy. It may result in neck, back, and shoulder pain.


T cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


proton transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of a proton across a membrane.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on peroxide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the peroxide group acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


name: positive regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


Oral mucosal blisters

description: Blisters arising in the mouth.


regulation of heart rate

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


Bloating

description: Distention of the abdomen associated with a feeling of fullness.


Ischemic stroke

description: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is defined by the sudden loss of blood flow to an area of the brain with the resulting loss of neurologic function. It is caused by thrombosis or embolism that occludes a cerebral vessel supplying a specific area of the brain. During a vessel occlusion, there is a core area where damage to the brain is irreversible and an area of penumbra where the brain has lost function owing to decreased blood flow but is not irreversibly injured.


heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

description: The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.


glycine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


name: copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


kanamycin

Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell

description: The attachment of a symbiont to a host cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


RING-like zinc finger domain binding

description: Binding to a RING-like zinc finger domain domain of a protein. The RING-like domain is a zinc finger domain that is related to the C3HC4 RING finger domain.


name: regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


regulation of lipid catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.


protein deglycosylation

description: The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.


forebrain regionalization

description: The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.


regulation of cytoplasmic translation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation.


name: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding

description: Binding to a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.


regulation of telomere capping

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.


negative regulation of response to food

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


name: double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

description: The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.


name: negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


name: positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


oxymetazoline

A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.


name: positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


suprofen

An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.


parkinsonian disorder

description: A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.


name: regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

description: The process in which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.


O-glycan processing

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.


frizzled binding

description: Binding to a frizzled (fz) receptor.


mitochondrial RNA processing

description: The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.


neuropeptide signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-proline to form peptidyl-hydroxyproline.


regulation of coagulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.


glucose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


necroptotic process

description: A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.


name: regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: positive regulation of muscle tissue development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


name: endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol transport

description: The directed movement of substances from endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol.


acrosomal membrane

description: The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.


regulation of cell killing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.


name: positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


regulation of epinephrine secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


name: epigenetic programming of gene expression

description: A epigenetic process that happens during embryonic development that modulates gene expression potential at later stages of development of the organism, including the adult. Epigenetic regulation takes place via chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine DNA methylation.


digestive system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


name: intracellular protein transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced iron-sulfur protein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


description: The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.


labyrinthine layer development

description: The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.


name: P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


name: positive regulation of reproductive process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


name: positive regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.


coreceptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


crotamiton

An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of crotonic acid with N-ethyl-2-methylaniline. A colourless or pale yellow oily liquid, it is used in the treatment of pruritus (itching) by producing a counter-irritation: as it evaporates from the skin, it produces a cooling effect that diverts attention away from the itching. It has also been used as an acaricide in the treatment of scabies, though more effective drugs are usually preferred.


catalase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydrogen peroxide = O2 + 2 H2O.


acylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


cell division site

description: The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. In Eukaryotes, the cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane, and the mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane. In bacteria, the cell division site is generally located at mid-cell and is the site at which the cytoskeletal structure, the Z-ring, assembles.


name: negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


Sudden death

description: Rapid and unexpected death.


potassium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


growth factor activity

description: The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


phenformin

A member of the class of biguanides that is  biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of  lactic acidosis.


inositol trisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


pseudoephedrine

A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.


infective vaginitis

description: An infectious process affecting the vagina. Symptoms include pain and purulent discharge.


membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.


name: G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity

description: Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


sodium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.


name: positive regulation of cholesterol storage

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


name: regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


name: regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


name: Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections

description: An increased susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.