name: Anatomic Stage IIIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Breast Squamous Cell Carcinoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and has metastasized to other anatomic sites.


Invasive papillary breast carcinoma

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


name: adenocarcinoma of breast with spindle cell metaplasia

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast usually affecting post-menopausal women, characterized by extensive spindle cell metaplasia of the neoplastic glandular cells.


name: Recurrent Progesterone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of progesterone receptor-positive breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in the Skin

description: A carcinoma that arises from the breast and has metastasized to the skin.


Unresectable HER2-Low Breast Carcinoma

description: A HER2-low breast adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ with Microinvasion

description: Invasive breast carcinoma measuring 1 mm or less in size.


Early Stage Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that has not spread beyond the breast and the axillary lymph nodes.


Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastases detected by clinical and radiographic means and/or histologically proven metastases larger than 0.2 mm. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Unresectable Breast Adenocarcinoma

description: A breast adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Breast Inflammatory Carcinoma

description: Inflammatory breast carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Invasive Female Breast Carcinoma

description: An invasive carcinoma that arises from the breast in females.


name: Refractory HER2-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: A HER2-negative breast adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Breast Carcinoma with Chondroid Metaplasia

description: An invasive carcinoma of the breast showing differentiation towards cartilaginous structures.


Metastatic HER2-Low Breast Carcinoma

description: A HER2-low breast adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


malignant breast phyllodes tumor

description: A phyllodes tumor of the breast characterized by infiltrative margins and a sarcomatous stromal component. The sarcomatous stroma usually displays features of fibrosarcoma. Liposarcomatous, osteosarcomatous, or rhabdomyosarcomatous elements may also be present.


Hereditary Male Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that has developed in male relatives of patients with history of breast carcinoma.


Recurrent Breast Paget Disease

description: The reemergence of Paget disease of the breast after a period of remission.


name: Early Stage Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: Triple-negative breast carcinoma that has not spread beyond the breast or axillary lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Breast Adenocarcinoma

description: Breast adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Breast Carcinoma

description: A rare breast carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Breast Ductal Carcinoma with Squamous Metaplasia

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant squamous cell component that is admixed with the ductal carcinomatous component.


name: Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Hormone receptor-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage IA Breast Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 20 mm or less in greatest dimension.  T1 includes T1mi. T1mi: Tumor 1 mm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  M0 includes M0(i+).  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


breast lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the breast. There is no history of extramammary breast lymphoma and ipsilateral axillary lymph node involvement does not exclude the diagnosis of primary breast lymphoma. Most patients present with a painless breast lump. The vast majority of cases are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue are the most common types of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is rare.


name: Invasive Breast Lobular Carcinoma, Pleomorphic Variant

description: A grade II invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with large and atypical nuclei.


Breast Cancer by AJCC v8 Anatomic Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system should only be used in global regions where biomarker tests are not routinely available. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Breast cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of carcinoma in the breast after a period of remission.


Breast Mixed Carcinoma

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of more than one malignant epithelial histologic pattern.


name: Breast Carcinoma with Melanotic Features

description: A very rare primary malignant tumor of the breast, characterized by an invasive breast carcinoma that co-exists with a melanoma component.  The vast majority of melanotic tumors that affect the breast are metastatic melanomas that originate in extra-mammary sites.


name: Breast Paget Disease without Invasive Carcinoma

description: Paget disease involving the skin overlying the mammary gland, without accompanying invasive ductal or lobular breast carcinoma.


Refractory Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Breast Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. It applies to invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma of the breast and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. It does not apply to breast sarcoma, phyllodes tumor, and breast lymphoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Breast Classic Lobular Carcinoma In Situ Type A

description: Breast classic lobular carcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with uniform nuclei.


name: Unresectable Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: Triple-negative breast carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Advanced Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Inflammatory carcinoma of breast stage IV

description: An inflammatory carcinoma of the breast that has spread to other anatomic sites.


name: Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: HER2-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Prognostic Stage IIIB Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T2, N1, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T2, N1, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T3, N0, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T3, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-2, N2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-2, N2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T0-2, N2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-2, N2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T0-2, N2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T3, N1-2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T3, N1-2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T3, N1-2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T3, N1-2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T3, N1-2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T4, N0-2, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Any, PR Status: Any); (T4, N0-2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T4, N0-2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T4, N0-2, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (Any T, N3, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Any, PR Status: Any); (Any T, N3, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (Any T, N3, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (Any T, N3, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin (ulceration or macroscopic nodules); invasion of the dermis alone does not qualify as T4. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. N3: Tumor with metastases in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes; or in infraclavicular (level III axillary) lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the presence of one or more positive level I, II axillary lymph nodes; or in more than three axillary lymph nodes and micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically negative ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes; or in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. G1: Low combined histologic grade (favorable); SBR score of 3-5 points. G2: Intermediate combined histologic grade (moderately favorable); SBR score: 6-7 points. G3: High combined histologic grade (unfavorable); SBR score of 8-9 points. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Breast Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Recurrent Breast Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of breast lymphoma after a period of remission.


name: Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Low Grade

description: Breast ductal carcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of small, monomorphic neoplastic cells that form cribriform, micropapillary, or solid patterns. The nuclei are uniform and mitotic figures are rare.


Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma

description: A breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Contralateral Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that develops in the opposite breast of a patient with an already diagnosed primary breast carcinoma.


name: Prognostic Stage IB Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: (T1, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T1, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T1, N0, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T1, N0, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T1, N0, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T1, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T1, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N0, M0, G1-3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T1, N1, M0, G1-3, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T1, N1, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N1, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N1, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T0-2, N2, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T3, N1-2, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T3, N1-2, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1mi: Micrometastases (approximately 200 cells, larger than 0.2 mm, but none larger than 2.0 mm). N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. G1: Low combined histologic grade (favorable); SBR score of 3-5 points. G2: Intermediate combined histologic grade (moderately favorable); SBR score: 6-7 points. G3: High combined histologic grade (unfavorable); SBR score of 8-9 points. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Breast

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to the breast from another anatomic site.


malignant breast melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises usually from the breast skin and less often from the breast glandular tissue. Primary breast melanomas are rare.


name: Prognostic Stage IIA Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: (T1, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T1, N0, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T1, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T1, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T1, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G2, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T0-1, N1mi, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T0-1, N1, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T0-1, N1, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T0-1, N1, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T2, N0, M0, G1-2, HER2 Status: Positive, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Any); (T2, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Negative); (T2, N0, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Negative, PR Status: Positive); (T2, N0, M0, G3, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T0-2, N2, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive); (T3, N1-2, M0, G1, HER2 Status: Negative, ER Status: Positive, PR Status: Positive). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N1mi: Micrometastases (approximately 200 cells, larger than 0.2 mm, but none larger than 2.0 mm). N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. G1: Low combined histologic grade (favorable); SBR score of 3-5 points. G2: Intermediate combined histologic grade (moderately favorable); SBR score: 6-7 points. G3: High combined histologic grade (unfavorable); SBR score of 8-9 points. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Oligometastatic Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that has metastasized to a limited number of sites.


Encapsulated Breast Papillary Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of fine fibrovascular stalks covered by neoplastic epithelial cells of low or intermediate nuclear grade, typically present within a cystic space and surrounded by a fibrous capsule. There are usually no myoepithelial cells along the papillae or at the periphery of the lesion. (WHO 2019)


name: Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Brain

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the brain from its original site in the breast, through the hematogenous route.


name: Encapsulated Breast Papillary Carcinoma with Invasion

description: Encapsulated breast papillary carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic elements that permeate beyond the fibrous capsule with an irregular infiltrative appearance. (WHO 2019)


name: Breast Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Stromal Giant Cells

description: An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterised by the presence of non-neoplastic stromal osteoclastic giant cells.  The carcinomatous component is usually an invasive ductal carcinoma, although all other breast adenocarcinoma subtypes have also been described.  The prognosis depends on the characteristics of the adenocarcinomatous component, and is not related to the presence of the giant cells.


Grade 2 Invasive Breast Carcinoma

description: A moderately differentiated invasive breast carcinoma.


name: Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IIIC: (Any T, N3, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm, but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 50 mm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin (ulceration or macroscopic nodules); invasion of the dermis alone does not qualify as T4. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1: Tumor with micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary lymph nodes; and/or clinically negative internal mammary nodes with micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy. N2: Tumor with metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases. N3: Tumor with metastases in 10 or more axillary lymph nodes; or in infraclavicular (level III axillary) lymph nodes; or positive ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes by imaging in the presence of one or more positive level I, II axillary lymph nodes; or in more than three axillary lymph nodes and micrometastases or macrometastases by sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically negative ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes; or in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Anatomic Stage I Breast Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T0, N1mi, M0); (T1, N1mi, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor measuring 20 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis is identified or isolated tumor cell clusters (ITCs) are identified only. N1mi: Tumor with micrometastases (approximately 200 cells, larger than 0.2 mm, but none larger than 2.0 mm). M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastases. Imaging studies are not required to assign the M0 category. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Metastatic Malignant Breast Neoplasm

description: A malignant breast neoplasm that has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Resectable Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


name: Low Grade Breast Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

description: A slow growing mucoepidermoid carcinoma that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of keratinization in the neoplastic squamous cells and lumina formation by glandular neoplastic cells. Complete excision may be curative.


name: Metastatic BRCA-Associated Breast Carcinoma

description: BRCA-associated breast carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Recurrent Lobular Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of lobular breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Breast adenocarcinoma that is positive for estrogen receptors.


name: Invasive Breast Lobular Carcinoma with Extracellular Mucin

description: A rare variant of invasive breast lobular carcinoma characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin in which groups of floating lobular carcinoma cells are identified.


name: Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Intermediate Grade

description: Breast ductal carcinoma in situ characterized by the presence of monomorphic neoplastic cells that form cribriform, micropapillary, or solid patterns. Intraluminal necrosis is present in some ducts. Ducts that contain neoplastic cells with occasional nucleoli and coarse chromatin may also be present.


name: Recurrent Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of hormone receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: adenocarcinoma of breast with squamous metaplasia

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant squamous cell component that is admixed with the adenocarcinoma component.


name: Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of triple-negative breast carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Metastatic Progesterone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Progesterone receptor-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Breast Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the breast. It is classified as small cell or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


name: Locally Advanced HER2-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: HER2-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Carcinoma

description: Hormone receptor-negative breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Metastatic Breast Ductal Carcinoma

description: A ductal breast carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Breast Carcinoma Metastatic in the Central Nervous System

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the central nervous system from its original site in the breast, through the hematogenous route.


Recurrent Breast Tubular Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of breast tubular carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage IIIA Breast Carcinoma

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0).  T0: No evidence of primary tumor.  T1: Tumor 20 mm or less in greatest dimension.  T1 includes T1mi. T1mi: Tumor 1 mm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 20 mm but not more than 50 mm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 50 mm in greatest dimension.  N1: Metastasis to movable ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph node(s).  N2: Metastases in ipsilateral level I, II axillary lymph nodes that are clinically fixed or matted; or in clinically detected ipsilateral internal mammary nodes in the absence of clinically evident axillary lymph node metastases.  M0: No clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis.  M0 includes M0(i+).  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of breast

description: A poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast.  It is characterized by the presence of small neuroendocrine cells and high mitotic activity.


name: Locally Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma

description: Hormone receptor-positive breast carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


arenesulfonic acid

Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an aryl group.


Acute prostatitis

description: An acute inflammatory process that affects the prostate gland.  It is caused by bacteria, most often Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


renal hypomagnesemia 4

description: Any primary hypomagnesemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the EGF gene.


telencephalon astrocyte cell migration

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The orderly movement of an astrocyte cell through the telencephalon.


name: pyramidal neuron migration to cerebral cortex

description: The migration of a pyramidal neuron precursor from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.


name: oligodendrocyte cell migration from the subpallium to the cortex

description: The directed movement of oligodendrocytes from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex during forebrain development.


telencephalon microglial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of microglial cells through the telencephalon.


name: telencephalon oligodendrocyte cell migration

description: The multiplication or reproduction of telencephalon oligodendrocyte cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


Pathology Result

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: The outcome of a pathologic examination.


High Grade Dysplasia

description: A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be high.


Hypopharyngeal Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium of the hypopharyngeal mucosa.


Large Cell Dysplasia

description: A premalignant neoplastic lesion of the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of hepatocytes with enlarged nuclei and cytoplasm, nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleation, and hyperchromasia.


Intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the gastric mucosal epithelium with intestinal-type epithelium.  Using immunohistochemical staining, gastric intestinal metaplasia is classified as complete or incomplete.  Complete intestinal metaplasia is defined by the decreased expression of gastric mucins and expression of the intestinal mucin MUC2.  Incomplete intestinal metaplasia is defined by the co-expression of both gastric mucins and MUC2.


name: progressive transformation of germinal centers

description: Progressive transformation of germinal centers is a condition in which a lymph node becomes very enlarged (lymphadenopathy). Typically, only one lymph node is affected, though PTGC can involve multiple lymph nodes. Theneck is the most common location of affected lymph nodes, but PTGC may also affect lymph nodes in the groin and armpits. adults are more frequently affected than children, but children have a higher chance of developing PTGC multiple times (recurrence). PTGC is not considered a precancerous condition, though it has been associated with Hodgkin lymphoma.


Epithelial metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of a group of one type of epithelial cells (e.g., glandular epithelial cells) to another type of epithelial cells (e.g., squamous epithelial cells).


Endometrial metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the mature endometrial glandular epithelium to another that differs from that of normal endometrioid glands.


Deposit

description: Accumulation of extraneous inorganic matter in tissues or cavities.


cervical metaplasia

description: Metaplastic changes in the cervical glandular or squamous epithelium.


Histopathology Result

description: A finding resulting from the examination of a tissue sample under light or electron microscopy.


name: Low Phospho-AKT Immunohistochemical Expression


angiomatosis

description: A benign diffuse vascular proliferation usually occurring in young adults. It is characterized by the formation of capillary-sized and cavernous vascular spaces. Patients present with diffuse persistent swelling.


name: Intestinal Metaplasia of Columnar Epithelium

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the columnar epithelium by intestinal-type epithelium.


Transitional cell metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of non-transitional epithelium (e.g., squamous epithelium) with transitional epithelium.


nephrogenic adenoma

description: So-called nephrogenic adenoma is a distinct metaplastic lesion of the urothelium characterized by aggregates of cuboidal or hobnail cells. These cells line thin papillary fronds on the surface or form tubular structures within the lamina propria.


Moderate Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of moderate cellular atypia associated with moderate architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Low Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Dysplasia in the oral cavity with low grade architectural and cytological epithelial changes.


Ischemic Necrosis

description: Loss of vascularization and tissue death caused by the disruption in the arterial access. Common causes include trauma due to accidents, insect or reptile bites, severe cold exposure or pathological conditions such as infarctions or blood dyscrasias.


Squamous Metaplasia Without Atypia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of glandular or transitional epithelial cells to squamous epithelial cells that lack atypical features.


Necrotic Change

description: A finding indicating the presence of cellular necrosis in a tissue specimen.


name: Cartilaginous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


TP53 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of TP53 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


name: Human Papillomavirus-Related Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Oral epithelial dysplasia caused by human papillomavirus infection. The tongue, floor of mouth, and buccal mucosa are the most commonly affected sites. It is characterized by the presence of mucosal dysplasia with prominent karyorrhectic/apoptotic cells. There is a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma.


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 2

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by disrupted cortical lamination and specific cytological abnormalities. It includes type IIa with dysmorphic neurons and type IIb with dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells.


Tuboendometrioid Metaplasia

description: Replacement of the endocervical-type epithelium of the cervix by benign tubal or endometrioid epithelium.


MSH6 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH6 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


MSH2 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH2 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Smooth Muscle Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-smooth muscle cells to smooth muscle cells.


Reticulin Fibrosis of the Bone Marrow

description: Increased reticular fiber deposition within bone marrow.


name: Mesenchymal Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


name: Neoplastic Cells with CD45 Dim-to-Negative Expression Present

description: An immunophenotypic finding indicating the presence of neoplastic cells with dim-to-negative CD45 expression.


name: Lymphoblasts with Surface Immunoglobulin Present

description: A microscopic finding indicating that immunoglobulins are bound to or expressed on the surface of the immature lymphoid cells in a sample.


Squamous Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia in the squamous epithelium of a tissue sample.


name: Loss or Reduction of Nuclear Histone H3 K28me3 Expression

description: A molecular genetic finding indicating the loss or reduction of nuclear histone H3 K28me3 (K27me3) expression in tumor cells.


Fallopian Tube Mucinous Metaplasia

description: Metaplastic mucinous changes in the fallopian tube epithelium. It may be seen in association with gynecological, appendiceal, or colonic mucinous tumors, or chronic inflammation.


PD-L1 Overexpression

description: An immunohistochemical test result that indicates overexpression of PD-L1 in a tissue sample of a primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm.


Small Cell Dysplasia

description: A premalignant neoplastic lesion of the liver.  It is characterized by the presence of hepatocytes with decreased cell volume, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, basophilia, mild nuclear pleomorphism, and hyperchromasia.


name: Renal Dysplasia Due to Fetal Exposure to ACE Inhibitor or ARB

description: Tubular dysgenesis resulting from maternal exposure to a class of drugs known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB).


Focal Cortical Dysplasia

description: A congenital cortical developmental abnormality characterized by focal architectural distortion of the cortical brain layers. It is associated with the presence of cytologic abnormalities including hypertrophic and dysmorphic neurons. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors and is often associated with epilepsy.


Apocrine metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the glandular acinar epithelial cells to apocrine sweat gland cells.


Epiphysitis

description: Disorganization of the physeal chondrocytes with or without increased thickness of physis.


Congenital Dysplasia

description: Abnormal tissue formation due to abnormal cellular organization, which may result in a morphologic defect.


name: Squamous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


Bronchial Epithelial Dysplasia

description: A non-invasive, precancerous lesion in the bronchial epithelium. Depending on the morphologic features it is classified as columnar cell dysplasia, basal cell dysplasia, squamous dysplasia, or bronchial epithelial dysplasia with transitional differentiation.


name: Massive Sinusoidal Histiocytic Infiltrate


Lung Squamous Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia in the bronchial squamous epithelium. It is precursor of lung squamous cell carcinoma.


Dysplasia of larynx

description: Mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium of the laryngeal mucosa.


Severe dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of severe cellular atypia associated with severe architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Focal fibrosis

description: Localized formation of fibrous tissue.


advanced hepatic fibrosis

description: Septal or bridging fibrosis that results in the disruption of normal blood flow and liver function, and extends across hepatic lobules with significant porto-portal or porto-central bridging. Progression may lead to the formation of nodules that distort the liver architecture, which is termed cirrhosis.


Keratinizing Dysplasia

description: Epithelial dysplasia in which the dysplastic changes, although limited to the lower basal zone, are so severe, that there is a high probability of progression to invasive carcinoma.


name: Spindle Cell Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


Cervical Transitional Metaplasia

description: Cervical metaplasia in which the cervical squamous epithelium resembles benign urothelium as a result of a lack of cellular maturation.


Vaginal Transitional Cell Metaplasia

description: Vaginal metaplasia in which the vaginal surface squamous epithelium resembles benign transitional urothelium.


Sinus Histiocytosis

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of histiocytic infiltrates within distended lymph node sinuses.


Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding of dysplastic epithelial cells in the oral cavity.


name: Concentric Fibrosis of Intrahepatic Duct

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of fibrosis around an intrahepatic bile duct in the liver tissue.


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 3

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by different cortical dyslamination and cytological abnormalities with the main lesions located in the same area. It includes the following: type IIIa with architectural distortion of cortical layer in temporal lobe with hippocampal atrophy; type IIIb with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to glial or glioneuronal tumor; type IIIc with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to vascular malformation; and type IIId with architectural distortion of cortical layer adjacent to other lesions acquired in early childhood (e.g., trauma, ischemic event, and encephalitis).


Morular Metaplasia of the Endometrium

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of part of the glandular endometrial epithelium by nodular structures that contain non-keratinizing squamous cells.


Renal Cell Dysplasia

description: A finding of congenital malformations in the kidney characterized by the presence of cysts of various sizes, primitive ducts, islands of metaplastic cartilage and undifferentiated mesenchyme, and the absence of cortico-medullary demarcation.


Morphologic Finding

description: A light microscopic finding that describes the cellular characteristics and architectural patterns of cell populations in a tissue sample.


Kidney Fibrosis

description: Excessive intraglomerular or interstitial accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the kidney, leading to the destruction of adjacent cellular structures and nephron loss.


Squamous Metaplasia of Bronchial Mucosa

description: Replacement of the bronchial glandular epithelial cells by squamous cells.


Columnar Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-columnar epithelial cells into columnar cells.


name: Hurthle cell metaplasia of thyroid gland

description: A morphologic finding indicating transformation of follicular cells to large cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm (Hurthle cells) in the thyroid gland.


name: Loss of Immunohistochemical Expression of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) B

description: An immunohistochemical test result indicating the loss of expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) B in the neoplastic cells of a tumor sample.


Apocrine metaplasia of breast

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of the epithelial cells in a breast tissue sample to cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.


Non-Keratinizing Dysplasia

description: Intraepithelial proliferation of dysplastic epithelial cells not associated with keratin formation.


Glandular metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the alteration of the squamous or transitional epithelial cells to glandular cells.


EPCAM Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of EPCAM was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Cellular infiltrate

description: A morphological finding where an influx of cells is detected in locations or numbers that those cells are not normally found.


Thyroid Dysplasia

description: A transformation of the cells of the thyroid characterized by enlarged follicular cells, apically displaced nuclei, and large intracellular vacuole with homogeneous eosinophilic content located at the base of follicular epithelial cells. (INHAND)


name: Microcalcification Present in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within neoplastic tissue, and in tissues without neoplasm.


MLH1 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MLH1 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of a nuclear factor is not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Reactive Lymphocytosis

description: A finding indicating the presence of an increased number of non-neoplastic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, effusions, or bone marrow.


Absence of Bone Marrow Dysplasia

description: An indication that signs of dysplasia were not detected in a bone marrow sample


Mesenchymal Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the transformation or replacement of a group of non-mesenchymal cells into osseous, cartilagenous, or lipomatous cells.


name: Microcalcification Present in Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within neoplastic tissue.


name: Intestinal Metaplasia of Esophageal Mucosa

description: A finding indicating the replacement of part of the esophageal mucosal epithelium by intestinal-type epithelium.


Bridging fibrosis

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of fibrous bands connecting portal tracts, portal tracts and centrilobular spaces, or centrilobular spaces in a liver tissue sample in a patient with evolving cirrhosis.


Muscle Cell Hypertrophy

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of enlarged muscle cells in a muscle tissue sample.


Squamous metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of glandular or transitional epithelial cells to, usually, mature squamous epithelial cells.  Representative examples include squamous metaplasia of bronchial epithelium, cervix, urinary bladder, and prostate gland.


Peritoneal Transitional Cell Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding that refers to the replacement of peritoneal mesothelium with transitional epithelium.


Generalized Dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of dysplasia throughout a cellular component in a tissue sample.


Intestinal metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the replacement of epithelial tissue outside the intestines by intestinal-type epithelium.


High Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

description: Dysplasia in the oral cavity with high grade architectural and cytological epithelial changes.


Mild dysplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the presence of mild cellular atypia associated with mild architectural changes in a tissue sample.


Glomerular Hypertrophy

description: A morphologic finding indicating enlargement of the glomeruli in a kidney specimen.


Fibrosis deep connective tissue

description: Fibrotic degeneration of the deep connective tissues.


name: Small Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis


name: Microcalcification Present in Non-Neoplastic Tissue

description: A finding of microcalcifications located within tissues without neoplasm.


name: Neoplastic Cells with CD38 Dim-to-Negative Expression Present

description: An immunophenotypic finding indicating the presence of neoplastic cells with dim-to-negative CD38 expression.


Tumor-Associated Lymphocytosis

description: Non-neoplastic lymphocytosis associated with the presence of a tumor.


Extraskeletal calcification

description: Deposition of calcium in tissues outside of bone.


Increased Colloid

description: Increase in the amount of colloid.


Spindle Cell Metaplasia

description: A morphologic finding indicating the transformation of non-spindle cells to spindle-shaped cells.


Low Grade Dysplasia

description: A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be low.


Necrotic Lesion

description: A lesion characterized by irreversible damage leading to cellular death.


name: High Phospho-AKT Immunohistochemical Expression


Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type 1

description: Focal cortical dysplasia characterized by abnormal cortical layering. It is associated with mild symptoms, late onset, and changes present in the temporal lobe. It includes the following: type Ia with abnormal radial migration and maturation of neurons; type Ib with disruption of the six-layered tangential composition of the cortex with immature neurons; and type Ic comprising both architectural abnormalities.


Squamous metaplasia of cervix

description: The process in which the cervical glandular epithelium is replaced with squamous epithelium.


name: Minimal Reticulin Fibrosis of the Bone Marrow


Superficial Soft Tissue Fibrosis

description: Fibrotic degeneration of the superficial soft tissues.


Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present

description: Transformation of malignant cells with a specific differentiation to different morphologic types.


Dysplasia Negative

description: An indication that signs of dysplasia were not found in a sample.


Indefinite Dysplasia

description: An indication that there is an ambiguous morphological pattern in a tissue sample such that the presence or absence of dysplasia cannot be determined.


name: Osseous Metaplasia of Malignant Cells Present


MSH3 Loss of Nuclear Expression

description: An indication that expression of MSH3 was not detected in the nuclei of cells in a sample.


Fatty degeneration

description: Acumulation of adipose tissue in intracytoplasmic or extracellular spaces.


name: Refractory Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

description: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: A soft tissue sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Epithelioid Sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Synovial Sarcoma

description: Synovial sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma

description: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

description: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Kaposi Sarcoma

description: Kaposi sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

description: Alveolar soft part sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma

description: Childhood soft tissue sarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

description: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Rhabdomyosarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3

description: Any multiple epiphyseal dysplasia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the COL9A3 gene.


name: negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


orbit embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the orbit. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle tissue exhibiting embryonic features.


Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Middle Ear Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rare embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that arises in the middle ear.


name: adult vagina botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma. It occurs in female adults.


botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


adult botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in adults. The neoplasm arises from organs containing a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: childhood vagina botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder

description: An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the bladder. It is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder affecting young children.


prostate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the prostate. It is characterized by the presence of skeletal muscle exhibiting embryonic features.


Anaplastic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.  It is characterized by the presence of large hyperchromatic and anaplastic cells.


name: vulvar childhood botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


childhood botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children. The tumor arises from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


Childhood Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A poorly circumscribed morphologic variant of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children.  The neoplasm is characterized by the presence of primitive skeletal muscle in any stage of myogenesis.


name: MAP kinase serine/threonine phosphatase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase threonine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase threonine + phosphate and MAP kinase serine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine + phosphate.


name: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.


mandibulo-lacrimal ligament

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Ligament that connects the ventromedial end of the lacrimal to the anguloarticular (or 'mandible'). Parenti (2008).


name: Stage 0 Lip Basal Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


Skin Tissue, Human

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Tissue composed of three layers- epidermis, dermis and subcutis which protect underlying muscles and organs. Skin is used for insulation, vitamin D production, sensation, and excretion through sweat.


papillary layer of dermis

description: The upper layer of the dermis beneath the epidermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue[ncit,modified].


Papillary-Reticular Dermal Interface

description: The skin layer that separates the papillary dermis from the reticular dermis.


epidermal-dermal junction

description: The multi-layer basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis that serves to adhere the dermis and epidermis, provide mechanical support for the epidermis, and forms a barrier to cells and large molecules across the junction.


Atypical cartilaginous tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the appendicular skeleton.


Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone in the appendicular skeleton.


name: Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the appendicular skeleton.


biochanin-A reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrobiochanin A + NADP+ = biochanin A + H+ + NADPH.


right testicular vein

description: A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein.


Stage IIIa Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIa includes: T1-3, N1, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN1: Palpable mobile unilateral inguinal lymph node.  pN1: Metastasis in a single inguinal lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Penile Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of penile carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IIIb Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIb includes: T1-3, N2, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN2: Palpable mobile multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. pN2: Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades other adjacent structures.  cN3: Palpable fixed inguinal nodal mass or pelvic lymphadenopathy unilateral or bilateral.  pN3: Extranodal extension of lymph node metastasis or pelvic lymph node(s) unilateral or bilateral.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (lymph node metastasis outside of the true pelvis in addition to visceral or bone sites).  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T1b: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4).  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIa (T1-3, N1, M0); IIIb (T1-3, N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue without lymph vascular invasion and is not poorly differentiated (i.e., grade 3-4) or tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue with lymph vascular invasion or is poorly differentiated.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra.  cN1: Palpable mobile unilateral inguinal lymph node.  pN1: Metastasis in a single inguinal lymph node.  cN2: Palpable mobile multiple or bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. pN2: Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage 0 Penile Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0); (Ta, N0, M0).  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  Ta: Non-invasive verrucous carcinoma.  cN0: No palpable or visibly enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: positive regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


cellular response to amitrole

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.


response to amitrole

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amitrole stimulus.


RNA ligase (GTP) activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of an RNA with 3'-phosphate or 2',3'-cyclic-phosphate ends to an RNA with 5'-hydroxy ends according to either (i) a 3'-end 3'-phospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + a 5'-end dephospho-ribonucleoside-RNA + GTP = a ribonucleotidyl-ribonucleotide-RNA + diphosphate + GMP; or (ii) a 3'-end 2',3'-cyclophospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + a 5'-end dephospho-ribonucleoside-RNA + GTP + H2O = a ribonucleotidyl-ribonucleotide-RNA + diphosphate + GMP + H+.


myelofibrosis

description: A partial or complete replacement of the bone marrow stroma by fibrous tissue. It can be a primary bone marrow lesion as part of the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis), a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis), or a secondary phenomenon due to bone marrow involvement by a metastatic tumor (e.g., metastatic breast carcinoma). --2003


NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized adrenodoxin + NADPH + H+ = reduced adrenodoxin + NADP+.


name: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NAD+ + H2O = succinate + NADH + H+.


name: negative regulation of B cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell chemotaxis.


name: positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.


name: negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.


name: positive regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.


name: regulation of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis.


name: negative regulation of mast cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


name: negative regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


name: macular coloboma-cleft palate-hallux valgus syndrome

description: Macular coloboma-cleft palate-hallux valgus syndrome is characterized by the association of bilateral macular coloboma, cleft palate, and hallux valgus. It has been described in a brother and sister. Pelvic, limb and digital anomalies were also reported. Transmission is autosomal recessive.


L-Ala-D/L-Glu epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-D-glutamate = L-alanyl-L-glutamate.


name: apoptotic process involved in salivary gland cavitation

description: Any apoptotic process in which the solid core of the gland is hollowed out to form the duct.


name: posterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the posterior lateral line ganglion.


name: lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron.


name: anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion.


pancreatic duct

description: A duct that collects and carries secretions of the exocrine pancreas to the intestine.


yellow fever

description: Yellow fever (YF), caused by YF virus, is a zoonotic disease characterized by fever and constitutional symptoms, with the potential to progress to severe and fatal viral hemorrhagic fever with shock and multi-organ system failure.


description: The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


regulation of Golgi calcium ion export

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi calcium ion export.


name: negative regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into the mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress

description: Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


name: regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.


name: negative regulation of store-operated calcium entry

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.


name: regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium import into the mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to calcium ion

description: Any positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.


name: regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol involved in cellular response to salt stress

description: Any negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.


name: positive regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium import into the mitochondrion.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of store-operated calcium entry

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


Neuroma of amputation stump

description: A neuroma that occurs at the site of an amputation.


Traumatic neuroma

description: A non-neoplastic proliferation of a nerve caused by injury to the nerve due to trauma or surgery. It presents as a firm nodule that may be associated with pain or tenderness. It most often occurs in the lower extremity following amputation, or in the head and neck region.


Morton neuroma

description: Compressive neuropathy of the forefoot interdigital nerve chiefly due to compression and irritation at the plantar aspect of the transverse intermetatarsal ligament. It is not a true neuroma as the condition is degenerative rather than neoplastic. The most common location for Morton neuroma is between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals.


Appendix Neuroma

description: A neuroma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by a neural spindle cell proliferation that replaces the appendiceal mucosa and lymphoid tissue.  It usually results in the obliteration of the appendiceal lumen.


hereditary spherocytosis type 3

description: Any hereditary spherocytosis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SPTA1 gene.


Nasopharyngeal Squamous Papilloma

description: A benign exophytic neoplasm that arises from the nasopharynx.  It is characterized by the presence of a connective tissue core covered by stratified squamous epithelium.


sinoatrial valve

description: A valve at the opening of the sinus venosus into the primordial atrium[TFD,modified].


larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of an that at birth or hatching is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose before assuming the adult characters.


amphibian larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form.


instar larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


dauer larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


nematode larval development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


lysine 2-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + O2 = 5-aminopentanamide + CO2 + H2O.


benzylpenicillin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzylpenicillin.


name: beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


penicillin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


bacteriocin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


exogenous antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.


cephamycin C catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cephamycin C.


peptide antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity.


name: cytoplasm protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.


right testis

description: A testis that is in the right side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition].


left testis

description: A testis that is in the left side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition].


Locally Advanced Chondrosarcoma

description: Chondrosarcoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


pediatric mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in children.


synovial chondrosarcoma of joint

description: An extremely rare chondrosarcoma arising from the synovium either as a de novo neoplasm or secondary to synovial chondromatosis.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


Maxillofacial Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Central Nervous System Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia and hyperchromasia as compared to grade 1 chondrosarcoma. Mitotic activity is present.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


name: Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called peripheral atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called peripheral chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


Childhood Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from bone and soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling. The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.


name: Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues and is not amenable to surgical resection.


localized chondrosarcoma

description: A non-disseminated skeletal or extraskeletal chondrosarcoma.


dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

description: An aggressive morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma. It is composed of a low grade chondrosarcoma and a high grade non-cartilagenous sarcomatous component. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, its prognosis is poor.


name: Childhood Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare primary central chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Chondrosarcoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of chondrosarcoma after a period of remission.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and mitotic activity as compared to grade 2 chondrosarcoma.


Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


periosteal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising from the surface of bone. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, high mitotic activity, myxoid stroma formation, and necrotic changes. It occurs in adults. Clinical presentation includes pain, and sometimes swelling.


name: Secondary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma.


Laryngeal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises from hyaline cartilage of the larynx.


Secondary Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises either in a pre-existing enchondroma or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


name: Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called central atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called central chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone without a benign precursor are called primary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma are called secondary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


clear cell chondrosarcoma

description: A rare, usually low grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm. It usually arises in the epiphyseal ends of long bones.


Secondary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a pre-existing enchondroma.


name: Metastatic Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Chondrosarcoma metastatic

description: A chondrosarcoma that has spread to a secondary anatomical site.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone in the axial skeleton.


name: Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A low-grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of moderate cellularity, hyperchromatic and plump nuclei of uniform size, and occasional binucleated cells.  Mitotic figures are absent.


name: Primary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone without a benign precursor.


mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone

description: A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from the bone.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling.  The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.


adult mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in adults.


name: negative regulation of catalase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


name: L-methionine salvage from methionine sulphoxide

description: The generation of L-methionine from methionine sulphoxide.


name: protein insertion into ER membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence

description: A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.


name: negative regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.


metanephric renal vesicle induction

description: Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the metanephric renal vesicle.


name: negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


mesonephric renal vesicle induction

description: Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the mesonephric renal vesicle.


lung connective tissue development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs.


mammary gland fat development

description: The progression of the mammary gland fat over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.


mesonephric capsule development

description: The progression of the mesonephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.


tendon sheath development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.


cardiac skeleton development

description: The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


kidney stroma development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney stroma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney stroma is the mesenchyme of the mature kidney.


name: mesonephric glomerular mesangium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


metanephric capsule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


renal capsule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


name: Stage IIA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


neoplasm of thorax

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the thoracic segment of trunk.


name: Unresectable Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


description: An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the mediastinum.


Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Bronchogenic Carcinoma

description: Bronchogenic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Secondary Heart Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that has spread to the heart from another primary anatomic site.


name: Thymic Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A primary thymic carcinoma that cannot be defined as one of the thymic carcinomas with specific morphologic characteristics.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung adenocarcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Secretory Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the lung and has histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic features identical to those described in breast and salivary gland secretory carcinomas.


name: Stage IA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of thymus

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the thymus.


Small cell lung cancer limited stage

description: Small cell lung carcinoma which is confined to one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

description: A thymic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant thoracic neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


benign neoplasm of epicardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the epicardium.


Lung Squamous Papilloma

description: A papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of a delicate fibrovascular core lined by stratified squamous epithelium.  Squamous cell papillomas can be solitary or multiple.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Because of the possibility of recurrence and reported cases of squamous cell carcinomas arising at the excision site of squamous cell papillomas, complete excision is indicated.


Advanced Malignant Thymoma

description: A malignant thymoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung

description: A high grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant neuroendocrine cells.  This category includes small cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined lung carcinoma.


endobronchial lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm located within the lumen of a bronchus. It is predominantly found in males and usually originates within the fatty tissue between bronchial cartilage. May cause irreversible pulmonary damage distally. Two-thirds of the tumors occur on the right side and most are located on the first three subdivisions of the tracheobronchial tree.


Mediastinal Chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of hyaline cartilage arising from the mediastinum.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Refractory Mediastinal Lymphoma

description: Mediastinal lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2 or T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pericardial Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


heart lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the heart and/or the pericardium. The majority of the cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Patients may present with chest pain, heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, or syncope.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIB

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Transformed EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Histologic transformation of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)