name: ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme binding

description: Binding to a ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme such as ubiquitin conjugating enzyme.


C-acyltransferase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


regulation of animal organ formation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


Down syndrome

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of a third (partial or total) copy of the chromosome 21 genetic material and that is characterized by variable intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and joint laxity, often associated with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and various anomalies such as cardiac, gastrointestinal, or endocrine defects.


name: positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


name: negative regulation of muscle adaptation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.


name: regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


name: regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


vein

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.


aztreonam

A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

description: Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


trabecula formation

description: The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


carglumic acid

A urea that is the N-carbamoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. An orphan drug used to treat a deficiency in the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase, which leads to acute hyperammonaemia.


3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


name: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


name: regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


name: G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

description: Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


name: positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-acetylpeptide. This reaction is the acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


cellular response to monoamine stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


knee

description: A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.


negative regulation of nuclear division

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.


name: positive regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport.


hydronephrosis

description: Collection of urine in the renal pelvis that results in dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. It is caused by obstruction of urine flow, nephrolithiasis, or vesicoureteral reflux. Signs and symptoms include flank pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dysuria.


basicranium

description: The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof.


name: regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


lung lobe morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


protein K27-linked ubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


enucleate erythrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


K48-linked deubiquitinase activity

description: Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin.


pulmonary arterial hypertension

description: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases characterized by mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg and elevated pulmonary arterial resistance leading to right heart failure. PAH is progressive and potentially fatal. PAH may be idiopathic and/ or familial, have overt features of venous/capillary involvement (pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, PVOD/pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, PCH), induced by drug or toxin (drug-or toxin-induced PAH), or associated with other diseases like congenital heart disease, connective tissue disease, HIV, schistosomiasis, portal hypertension (PAH associated with other disease).


L-ornithine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.


name: positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


leukemia

description: A malignant (clonal) hematologic disorder, involving hematopoietic stem cells and characterized by the presence of primitive or atypical myeloid or lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and the blood. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic based on the degree of cellular differentiation and the predominant cell type present. Leukemia is usually associated with anemia, fever, hemorrhagic episodes, and splenomegaly. Common leukemias include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic or precursor lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment is vital to patient survival; untreated, the natural course of acute leukemias is normally measured in weeks or months, while that of chronic leukemias is more often measured in months or years.


fingolimod

An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.


name: negative regulation of glomerular filtration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


name: production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


p53 binding

description: Binding to one of the p53 family of proteins.


ER overload response

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


elastic tissue

description: Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers.


regulation of tubulin deacetylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.


chlorothiazide

4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.


Genital itching female

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


name: regulation of signaling receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


pituitary gland development

description: The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


name: chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding

description: The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.


blastocyst formation

description: The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.


regulation of respiratory burst

description: Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


name: negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


name: negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to interferon-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


name: carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carbohydrate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


centromere complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.


regulation of cell fate specification

description: Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.


regulation of telomeric DNA binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


name: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling

description: Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.


MHC protein complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


name: L-methionine salvage from S-adenosylmethionine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from S-adenosylmethionine.


regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


name: nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.


muscle cell cellular homeostasis

description: The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.


Embolism, Amniotic Fluid

description: Acute hypotension or cardiac arrest, acute hypoxia or coagulopathy in the absence of any other potential explanation related to the presence of amniotic fluid or the fetal debris within the maternal vascular system during the antepartum or intrapartum period.


early phagosome

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.


name: negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


name: regulation of determination of dorsal identity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


sebaceous gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of defense response to bacterium

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


name: positive regulation of transporter activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.


neurotransmitter reuptake

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.


venous thromboembolism

description: Occlusion of the lumen of a vein by a thrombus that has migrated from a distal site via the blood stream.


positive regulation of cell killing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.


neural plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.


sulfide oxidation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.


name: positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

description: Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


sertindole

A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.


glomerular epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


nuclear pore inner ring

description: A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that forms the inner rings of the core scaffold, a lattice-like structure that gives the NPC its shape and strength. In S. cerevisiae, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup192p, Nup188p, Nup170p and Nup157p. In vertebrates, the two inner rings are each composed of Nup205, Nup188 and Nup155. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometimes referred to as the Nup170 complex.


peroxisomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.


name: regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


L-serine

The L-enantiomer of serine.


name: alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


lichen planus

description: A chronic, recurrent, pruritic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects the skin and mucus membranes. It presents with rashes and papules that tend to resolve spontaneously. It may be associated with hepatitis C. Certain drugs that contain arsenic or bismuth are associated with reactions mimicking lichen planus.


name: positive regulation of receptor internalization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


pentosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


phosphoprotein binding

description: Binding to a phosphorylated protein.


name: regulation of long-term synaptic depression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


regulation of response to tumor cell

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


Post-Nasal Drip

description: Excessive mucous secretion in the back of the nasal cavity or throat, causing sore throat and/or coughing. It is usually due to allergic rhinitis or a cold.


I-kappaB phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


name: regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


name: calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


neutrophil degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.


regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


name: regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


cellular component maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a cellular component in a stable functional or structural state.


paraxial mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


SWI/SNF complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains 8 to 14 proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of the yeast SNF2 or mammalian SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, or an ortholog thereof.


name: positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


FMN binding

description: Binding to flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


Retarded ejaculation

description: Difficulty of a male in achieving orgasm.


name: positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


autonomic nervous system disorder

description: A disease involving the autonomic nervous system.


protein autoubiquitination

description: The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.


sister chromatid cohesion

description: The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other.


U7 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).


name: negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


sphingoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


chlorphenesin

Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.


granulocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine.


response to vitamin K

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


description: The process in which UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is transported across a membrane.


common cold

description: An inflammatory process affecting the nasal mucosa, usually caused by viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and coronavirus). It is characterized by chills, headaches, mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing, and facial pain.


Fetal anomaly

description: Structural or functional abnormalities of the fetus. Note that this section comprises terms that describe abnormalities that are specific to the fetus or differ from the corresponding general terms. A term from anywhere in the Human Phenotype Ontology can be applied to a fetus if appropriate.


acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of acetyltransferase activity.


anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.


name: protein localization to non-motile cilium

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


clavicle bone

description: A paired dermal or endochondral bone that is part of the pectoral girdle. The clavicle may be in contact with the interclavicle or coracoid and forms an attachment site for pectoral musculature. [PHENOSCAPE:ad].


MAP kinase phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.


name: negative regulation of double-strand break repair

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


external ear

description: Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO].


Device related infection

description: An infectious disorder caused by the use of a medical device.


brain edema

description: Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see hypoxia, brain). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of csf flow (e.g., obstructive hydrocephalus). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)


L-malate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.


drug dependence

description: Drug dependence - replaced the term "drug addiction" and is defined as a state, psychic and sometimes also physical, resulting from the interaction between a living organism and a drug, characterized by behavioral and other responses that always include a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis in order to experience its psychic effects, and sometimes to avoid the discomfort of its absence. Tolerance may or may not be present. A person may be dependent on more than one drug.


regulation of translational elongation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or accuracy of translational elongation.


RNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


intestinal perforation

description: A rupture in the wall of the small or large intestine due to traumatic or pathologic processes.


oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


eosinophilic cryptitis

description: Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory bladder condition caused by the build up of eosinophils in the bladder. The exact cause of this condition is not known. However, EC has been found in those with allergies and asthma, and in those with a history of bladder trauma or infection, open bladder surgery, or surgery for a bladder tumor. EC has also been found in those who take certain medications.


GTPase activating protein binding

description: Binding to a GTPase activating protein.


name: regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.


name: glycine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


name: negative regulation of metanephros development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


tripeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.


medulla oblongata development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


tolnaftate

A monothiocarbamic ester that is the methyl(3-tolyl)carbamothioate ester of 2-naphthol. A synthetic anti-fungal agent used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm.


peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


name: regulation of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


name: positive regulation of endocytic recycling

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


actin cap

description: Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding

description: Binding to a beta-2 adrenergic receptor.


name: negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


iridocyclitis

description: An inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body


cAMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


name: programmed DNA elimination by chromosome breakage

description: Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.


mitotic spindle assembly

description: Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied.


name: protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane

description: The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a mitochondrial membrane.


DNA-templated DNA replication

description: A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


long QT syndrome

description: A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (syncope) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are Romano-Ward syndrome (also known as long QT syndrome 1) and Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome.


prurigo

description: A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint

description: A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


name: regulation of respiratory system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


name: negative regulation of phospholipid metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.


peroxisome localization

description: Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


name: maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium

description: Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.


name: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type

description: A mental disorder characterized by inattention, easy distraction, careless mistakes and avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental focus. These behaviors can lead to maladaptive consequences in the affected individual's life.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


name: NAD-dependent protein lysine deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = L-lysyl-[protein] + 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide.


name: protein modification by small protein removal

description: A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.


name: regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.


response to food

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


oocyte growth

description: The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


chondroblast differentiation

description: The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


isoniazid

A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between pyridine-4-carboxylic acid and hydrazine.


Akathisia

description: A state of motor restlessness, usually in the lower extremities, that is often but not always accompanied by a subjective sense of inner restlessness, an urge to move, and anxiety or dysphoria.


TOR complex

description: A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.


cerebrovascular disorder

description: A disorder resulting from inadequate blood flow in the vessels that supply the brain. Representative examples include cerebrovascular ischemia, cerebral embolism, and cerebral infarction.


axoneme assembly

description: The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


Xeroderma

description: A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by abnormally dry skin.  Causes include vitamin A deficiency, sunlight exposure, medications, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, and hereditary genetic disorders.


regulation of spindle assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.


name: regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


trace-amine receptor activity

description: Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


name: cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


oxybenzone

A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.


hindgut morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized.


protein kinase C binding

description: Binding to protein kinase C.


Hsp90 protein binding

description: Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.


phospholipase binding

description: Binding to a phospholipase.


name: regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


name: protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.


name: regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


name: regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


telomere capping

description: A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.


Nail Discoloration

description: A change in the color of the nail.


ureter cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the ureter


name: positive regulation of neutrophil migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


name: ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


name: negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


mitotic sister chromatid separation

description: The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.


name: endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


name: cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility

description: Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.


name: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


bronchus morphogenesis

description: The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I

description: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic and a regulatory subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme, plus one or more adaptor proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. The class I PI3K subfamily of genes comprises members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


outer dense fiber

description: A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.


name: negative regulation of glial cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


leukorrhea

description: Whitish or yellowish mucosal vaginal discharge.


inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


regulation of T cell anergy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


type II interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to interleukin-6

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


Akinesia

description: Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.


cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


protein demannosylation

description: The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


cardiac valve

description: A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid.


terminal button organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = a carboxylate + CoA + H+.


toxic labyrinthitis

description: A labyrinthitis induced by alcohol, drug ingestion, or occasionally, inhaled substances that are toxic to the inner ear. Drugs like aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid, amiodarone, quinine, cisplatinum, barbiturates, quinine, anti-Alzheimer's medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anxiolytics can be ototoxic.


response to molecule of fungal origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


chylomicron remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


Mental Status Change

description: An alteration in the mental status of an individual.


name: immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

description: An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


histone acetyltransferase binding

description: Binding to an histone acetyltransferase.


diabetic kidney disease

description: Progressive kidney disorder caused by vascular damage to the glomerular capillaries, in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is usually manifested with nephritic syndrome and glomerulosclerosis.


name: developmental growth involved in morphogenesis

description: The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.


diacyl lipopeptide binding

description: Binding to a lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


vecuronium

A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.


regulation of type 2 immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


nucleotide salvage

description: Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


Decreased Creatinine Clearance

description: A laboratory test finding that indicates decreased creatinine clearance.


lactate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


name: negative regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent DNA replication.


nucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.


intracerebral hemorrhage

description: Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma.


name: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding

description: Binding to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, alpha, beta or gamma.


major depressive disorder

description: An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


regulation of organ growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


name: G protein-coupled receptor internalization

description: The process that results in the uptake of a G protein-coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle.


name: cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


name: planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


name: negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


otic vesicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the otic vesicle are generated and organized. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


mesoridazine

A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.


periosteum

description: The thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints.


retinal binding

description: Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.


galactokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


polyneuritis

description: Inflammation of several peripheral nerves.


Eye Irritation

description: A generic term used to describe abnormal sensations that bother the eyes like dryness, itchiness, burning and grittiness.


import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.


name: positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


mast cell migration

description: The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


negative regulation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


name: oxidized pyrimidine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal oxidized pyrimidine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves formation of a covalent enzyme-pyrimidine base intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-2 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.


neutrophil extravasation

description: The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


T cell receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


postsynaptic density assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.


Golgi medial cisterna

description: The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).


name: steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


4-hydroxyproline metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.


name: regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


name: pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


name: cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


mitotic spindle midzone assembly

description: The cell cycle process in which the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components forms the spindle midzone.


name: Elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration

description: An abnormally high concentration in the circulation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).


IMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


tetrapyrrole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


hexose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


bone cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


multifocal motor neuropathy

description: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare acquired immune-mediatedneuropathy characterized clinically by a purely motor deficit with conduction block and asymmetric multifocal weakness, fasciculations, and cramping.


pseudopodium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.


name: positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


name: regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell

description: Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.


name: positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


mitochondrial translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.


negative regulation of anoikis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


tricarboxylic acid cycle

description: A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.


glucuronosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + acceptor = UDP + acceptor beta-D-glucuronoside.


sex chromosome

description: A chromosome involved in sex determination.


response to nicotine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


muscle adaptation

description: A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


name: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


ergometrine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that  is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.


Excoriation

description: Self-inflicted tearing or wearing off of skin.


ICAM-3 receptor activity

description: Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.


molting cycle

description: The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.


neuroleptic malignant syndrome

description: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic condition associated with administration of antipsychotic and other central dopaminergic blockers, and characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered consciousness.


ammonium ion binding

description: Binding to ammonium ions (NH4+).


cellular response to dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


U5 snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


sinoatrial node

description: The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA].


primary alcohol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


leukocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


name: regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


name: intestinal epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.


regulation of hexokinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hexokinase activity.


name: regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.


name: detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

description: The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB

description: The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


Hypermagnesemia

description: An abnormally increased magnesium concentration in the blood.


spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

description: A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


renal tubule morphogenesis

description: The process in which the renal tubule is generated by specification of cell fate, through the maintenance of cell polarity, regulated cell proliferation and morphogenetic cell rearrangements, shape changes and growth. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


regulation of sodium ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


citrulline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


Retinal hemorrhage

description: Hemorrhage occurring within the retina.


dapagliflozin

A C-glycosyl comprising beta-D-glucose in which the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl group. Used (in the form of its propanediol monohydrate) to improve glycemic control, along with diet and exercise, in adults with type 2 diabetes.


name: establishment of planar polarity of embryonic epithelium

description: Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an embryonic epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


dermatan sulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.


name: negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


name: receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.


congenital prothrombin deficiency

description: Congenital factor II deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder due to reduced activity of factor II (FII, prothrombin) and characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms.


thymic T cell selection

description: The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.


name: pteridine-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


establishment of tissue polarity

description: Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


brush border membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


Auditory hallucination

description: Perception of sounds without auditory stimulus.


name: regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


membrane raft organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


ischemic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon due to colonic ischemia resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.


name: regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


blastocyst growth

description: An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.


segment specification

description: The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.


canker sore

description: A type of stomatitis that is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval, lasting for 7-14 days and healing without scarring. It is a recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology.


neuronal action potential propagation

description: The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


myosin binding

description: Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.


name: blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive

description: An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is characterized by: 1. the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow that are at least 20% of the peripheral blood white cells or of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow respectively, or 2. an extramedullary proliferation of blasts, and/or 3. when there are large aggregates and clusters of blasts in the bone marrow biopsy specimen (adapted from WHO, 2001).


name: outer mitochondrial membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.


modified amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


protein phosphatase 2B binding

description: Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B.


anterograde amnesia

description: Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow craniocerebral trauma; seizures; anoxia; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the hippocampus; fornix (brain); mammillary bodies; and anterior thalamic nuclei). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)


name: negative regulation of autophagosome assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


piroxicam

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the exocyclic nitrogen of 2-aminopyridine. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class, it is used to relieve pain and works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling.


maintenance of protein location in cell

description: Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


B cell receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


name: regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


psychologic dyspareunia

description: Painful or difficult coitus.


myosin light chain kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-light-chain = ADP + myosin-light-chain phosphate.


name: negative regulation of protein targeting to membrane

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acylglycerol molecule.


cellular response to water deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


regulation of lamellipodium assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.


Adipose Tissue Atrophy

description: Shrinking of adipose tissue.


regulation of intracellular pH

description: Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


name: metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


retinal artery occlusion

description: An occlusion of the retinal artery.


breast abscess

description: A breast disease characterized by a collection of pus in the breast.


piRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


vitamin B deficiency

description: A condition due to deficiency in any member of the vitamin B complex. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.


pulmonary fibrosis

description: Chronic progressive interstitial lung disorder characterized by the replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue, leading to progressive dyspnea, respiratory failure, or right heart failure. Causes include chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to environmental irritants, radiation therapy, autoimmune disorders, certain drugs, or it may be idiopathic (no identifiable cause).


regulation of synapse maturation

description: Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.


name: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


name: positive regulation of inclusion body assembly

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of inclusion body assembly. Inclusion body assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


eating behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


carnitine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of carnitine across a membrane.


translational readthrough

description: The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.


epiphyseal plate

description: A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line.


sesquiterpenoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


limb bud formation

description: The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


Gastrointestinal ulcer

description: A deep defect in the esophageal, gastric, duodenal or intestinal wall involving the entire mucosal thickness and penetrating through the muscularis mucosae.


L-isoleucine

The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.


serositis

description: Inflammation of a serous membrane.


thymus cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the thymus. This category includes malignant thymomas, thymic lymphomas, primary thymic carcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas from other anatomic sites.


alanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


Babinski sign

description: Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.


spinal cord cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the spinal cord. Representative examples include lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma.


arachnoid mater

description: A think avascular meningeal layer, between the pia mater and the dural mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.


pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


name: cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


retinoic acid binding

description: Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


name: negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


Pustule

description: A small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.


oxaloacetate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.


cefamandole

A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.


fibroblast growth factor binding

description: Binding to a fibroblast growth factor.


prostanoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex

description: A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


regulation of chondrocyte development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


melanosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


response to bisphenol A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.


name: G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.


cellular response to acidic pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


sulfamoxole

A sulfonamide antibiotic in which 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-amine have combined to form the sulfonamide bond.


protein localization to cilium

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.


Skin Irritation

description: A mild inflammatory dermal tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger.


disorder of ear

description: A disease that involves the ear.


name: regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


pH reduction

description: Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


club cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


peptidase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase.


name: positive regulation of protein oligomerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.


succinate dehydrogenase complex

description: A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.


dendrite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


loop of Henle

description: The section of the renal tubule in the kidney medulla with a hairpin bend; consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb, and is situated between the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule; it functions to reabsorb water and ions from the urine.


glycosphingolipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


vesicle transport along actin filament

description: Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


determination of adult lifespan

description: The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.


name: neuromuscular process controlling posture

description: Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.


name: regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


temperature homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.


Hematoma

description: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue, due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel.


nucleoside transport

description: The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lumiracoxib

An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.


name: cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity

description: cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


defense response to fungus

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


Alkalosis

description: Depletion of acid or accumulation base in the body fluids.


regulation of acrosome reaction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


name: positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


aromatic amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


name: mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which pyruvate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


nucleobase transport

description: The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


detection of hexose stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.


mammary gland duct morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.


tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.


L-serine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


name: regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


Metabolic alkalosis

description: Metabolic alkalosis is defined as a disease state where the pH is elevated to greater than 7.45 secondary to some metabolic process.


Bcl-2 family protein complex

description: A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.


cellular response to glucagon stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


viral budding via host ESCRT complex

description: Viral budding which uses a host ESCRT protein complex, or complexes, to mediate the budding process.


name: positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


Neutrophilic dermatosis

description: A type of dermatosis characterized by dense infiltration of neutrophils in the skin without evidence of infection or vasculitis. It may be secondary to an underlying systemic illness.


carbonate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogencarbonate + H+ = CO2 + H2O.


name: phosphotransferase activity, for other substituted phosphate groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).


ATP

An adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways.


ascariasis

description: An infection that is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, many cases of which remain asymptomatic. During the transient larval migratory phase, shortness of breath, fever, and eosinophilia can occur. Depending on the intestinal worm burden, a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract symptoms can occur.


name: semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance

description: Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.


regulation of vacuole organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


name: negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


name: adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

description: Binds to and stimulates the hydrolysis and exchange of adenyl nucleotides by other proteins.


opiate dependence

description: Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

description: A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


pulmonary valve development

description: The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.