BH domain binding

description: Binding to a Bcl-2 homology (BH) protein domain. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.


regulation of lung blood pressure

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


barbed-end actin filament capping

description: The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


Vessel puncture site hematoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


name: regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.


sperm annulus

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The ring-like, filamentous structure located at the distal end of the midpiece of the sperm flagellum; the annulus is thought to form a diffusion barrier between the midpiece and the principal piece and serve as a stabilizing structure for tail rigidity.


name: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


viral membrane

description: The lipid bilayer of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.


rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


name: protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

description: The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.


name: receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


name: chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells of the ectoplacental cone acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize chorionic trophoblasts. These cells will migrate towards the spongiotrophoblast layer and give rise to syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine layer.


Thyroid function tests abnormal

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


intralumenal vesicle formation

description: The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.


tracheitis

description: A tracheal disease which involves bacterial infection of the trachea often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci that follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms include barking croup cough, loud squeaking noise while breathing, scratchy feeling in the throat, high fever, and production of large amounts of pus-filled secretions.


response to light intensity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


Esophageal bleeding

description: Bleeding originating from the esophagus.


bronchiectasis

description: Segmental, irreversible dilation of the bronchial tree resulting in the accumulation of secretions which leads to obstruction. The most common cause is bacterial infection.


name: melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + NH4.


ADP phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate + H+.


Inguinal lymphadenopathy

description: Enlarged lymph node located in the inguinal region (groin).


name: resolution of DNA recombination intermediates

description: The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during DNA recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


name: negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


Intraoperative Hemorrhage

description: Uncontrolled bleeding during a surgical procedure.


imperforate anus

description: A congenital birth defect characterized by the absence of a normal anal opening. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.


beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex

description: A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.


name: positive regulation of removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.


uropod

description: A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


remikiren

An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-glutamate in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-peptide.


viral genome packaging

description: The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid.


name: bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

description: Cell motility due to the motion of one or more bacterial-type flagella. A bacterial-type flagellum is a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.


corpus callosum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


name: negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.


name: positive regulation of iron ion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mitotic cytokinetic process

description: Any cytokinetic process that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


nucleoside transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of nucleoside across a membrane.


glucosamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


prostanoid receptor binding

description: Binding to a prostanoid receptor.


Trachyonychia

description: Excessive longitudinal ridging that gives the surface of the nail plate a rough appearance. It results from multiple foci of defective keratinization of the proximal nail matrix.


name: parasympathetic nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


chalazion

description: An eyelid cyst caused by the blockage of a meibomian gland.


beta-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.


Golgi localization

description: Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


renal artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.


name: telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

description: Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.


name: flavin-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

description: Pulmonary edema that is not a result of cardiac dysfunction.


name: kainate selective glutamate receptor complex

description: An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.


Uterine Contraction

category: biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


limb joint morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner.


polyamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


peroxisome targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a peroxisomal targeting sequence, a sequence of amino acids within a protein that acts as a signal for the localization of a protein into the peroxisome.


name: regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


name: positive regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinal ganglion cell axon guidance.


basement membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.


name: Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cyclo-ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: microtubule anchoring at microtubule organizing center

description: Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a microtubule organizing center.


Pseudomonas infection

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus pseudomonas.


name: vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain

description: The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


name: regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branching morphogenesis of a nerve.


translation activator activity

description: Any of a group of soluble proteins functioning in the activation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


venous insufficiency

description: Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with edema and sometimes with venous stasis ulcers at the ankle.


negative stranded viral RNA replication

description: A viral genome replication process where the template genome is negative stranded, single stranded RNA ((-)ssRNA).


aryldialkylphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol.


Wound Complication

description: A medical condition that develops at the site of an existing wound. Examples include swelling, draining, bleeding, formation of hematoma, infection, and necrosis.


name: regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


name: negative regulation of chromatin binding

description: Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


name: regulation of supramolecular fiber organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.


porphyria cutanea tarda

description: The most common form of chronic hepatic porphyria. It is characterized by bullous photodermatitis.


name: neuroblast division in subventricular zone

description: The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.


name: negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


name: cytoplasmic side of early endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


female genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.


GPI-anchor transamidase complex

description: An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


name: negative regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.


myosin II binding

description: Binding to a class II myosin, any member of the class of 'conventional' double-headed myosins that includes muscle myosin.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 4-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate.


name: amide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Diverticulum

description: A pouch formed at a weakened area of wall in a hollow organ structure.


name: Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration

description: Abnormally increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity.


name: positive regulation of glomerular filtration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization

description: An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).


15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ -> (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


regulation of miRNA catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.


name: response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


sphingoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


vitamin K catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.


actin filament branching

description: The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments.


name: regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.


maltose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.


name: oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.


regulation of protein complex stability

description: Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.


cerebellar nuclear complex

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP].


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


name: negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.


farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation.


Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex

description: A protein complex consisting of Atg1 (or Atg1 homologs e.g. ULK1, ULK2 in mammals) and Atg13 along with other proteins that regulate its function (e.g. Atg17 in yeast or RB1CC1(FIP200) in mammals). This complex has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and is involved in autophagosome formation.


L-cystine transport

description: The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cardiac septum

description: The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles.


regulation of protein lipidation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.


ejaculatory duct

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The Ejaculatory ducts (ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male anatomy, about 2 cm in length. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis[WP,unvetted].


cell migration involved in gastrulation

description: The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).


name: mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


polidocanol

A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.


cellular response to ether

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.


COPII-coated vesicle cargo loading

description: The formation of a macromolecular complex between the COPII coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by the COPII vesicle to the Golgi.


name: peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


septum secundum development

description: The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

description: Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.


thymidine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


name: cytoplasmic periphery of the nuclear pore complex

description: Cytoplasm situated in close proximity to a nuclear pore complex.


Stomach Cramp

description: An involuntary muscular contraction in the stomach. Often, this cramp is spasmodic and can be uncomfortable.


telomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


structural constituent of tooth enamel

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of tooth enamel.


cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


trichotillomania

description: A disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss; the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before pulling out the hair and a sense of gratification or relief when pulling out the hair.


oligosaccharide binding

description: Binding to an oligosaccharide, a molecule with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


Oropharyngeal candidiasis

description: Infection of the oropharynx with, or disease caused by, Candida, especially C. albicans. This disease usually results from debilitation (as in immunosuppression and especially AIDS), physiologic change, prolonged administration of antibiotics, and iatrogenic and barrier breakage. SYN candidosis, moniliasis.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


name: regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


DNA/RNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


ribosomal small subunit binding

description: Binding to a small ribosomal subunit.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


name: regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation.


alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA.


name: positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


phospholipase A2 activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


SMC loading complex

description: A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.


osteonecrosis of the jaw

description: An area of necrotic bone in the mandible or maxilla.


necrotizing fasciitis

description: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection of the skin, the tissue just beneath the skin (subcutaneous tissue), and the tissue that covers internal organs (fascia). Necrotizing fasciitis can be caused by several different types of bacteria, and the infection can arise suddenly and spread quickly. Early signs include flu-like symptoms and redness and pain around the infection site. A prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential.If the infection is not treated promptly, it can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Treatment typically includes intravenous (IV) antibiotics and surgery to remove infected and dead tissue.


Fetal Diseases

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which occurs in the fetus.


germline stem cell asymmetric division

description: The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes.


Lymphopenia

description: An abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood.


protein splicing

description: The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic process.


fibroblast activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + hydrogen peroxide.


name: positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


asparagine transport

description: The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Dysplasia

description: A usually neoplastic transformation of the cell, associated with altered architectural tissue patterns. The cellular changes include nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities. Molecular genetic abnormalities are also often found and, in some instances, may lead to cancer.


name: N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser.


name: regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


urinary bladder neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the bladder. - 2003


multivesicular body lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the outermost membrane of a multivesicular body.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


name: positive regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


Hypogeusia

description: A decreased ability to perceive flavor.


name: mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

description: A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).


positive regulation of centrosome cycle

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.


malate-aspartate shuttle

description: The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


regulation of mitochondrial fusion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


meiotic chromosome condensation

description: Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells.


interleukin-8 binding

description: Binding to interleukin-8.


basal cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.


Abdominal rigidity

description: Involuntary tightening of the abdominal musculature that occurs in response to touching the abdomen to avoid pain. Rigidity can occur in the presence of abdominal inflammation and usually involves only the inflamed area.


name: regulation of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis.


cellular response to blue light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


RNA polymerase I core binding

description: Binding to a RNA polymerase I core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of seventeen subunits.


name: cellular modified amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


detection of oxygen

description: The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


supraspliceosomal complex

description: Multicomponent complex of RNA and proteins that is composed of four active spliceosomes, termed native spliceosomes, connected to each other by the pre-mRNA. The supraspliceosome is the nuclear machine where the pre-mRNA processing takes place, like the 5'-end capping, 3'-end cleavage, splicing and editing.


death effector domain binding

description: Binding to a DED domain (death effector domain) of a protein, a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices that is related in structure to the death domain (DD).


positive regulation of ruffle assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly.


centriole-centriole cohesion

description: The cell cycle process in which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.


name: regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


vestibulocochlear nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


adipokinetic hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are protein or peptide hormones that are important for sugar and fat homeostasis in metazoa. In insects, they mobilize sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


NEDD8 activating enzyme activity

description: Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


name: positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


detection of lipopolysaccharide

description: The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


Tendon pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to a tendon.


name: regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

description: Diarrhea that is associated with current or recent antibiotic use.


peroxisome membrane biogenesis

description: The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


name: negative regulation of centrosome duplication

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.


name: regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation.


Abnormal ventricular axis

description: Any deviation from the normal direction of the ventricular axis. The left ventricle makes up most of the heart muscle under normal circumstances and therefore generates the most electrical force visible on the EKG. The normal ventricular axis is directed downward and slightly towards the left. The ventricular axis can be determined by analyzing the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization.


cellular response to nitrosative stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


growth factor complex

description: A protein complex that has growth factor activity.


notochord formation

description: The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.


insulin processing

description: The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.


sequestering of metal ion

description: The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


name: double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a double-stranded RNA molecule.


Golgi vesicle docking

description: The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.


name: attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: The cellular process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex in mitosis.


name: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


name: Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.


name: regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.


Cancer-Associated Pain

description: Pain associated with cancer or its diagnosis or treatment.


dicumarol

A hydroxycoumarin that is methane in which two hydrogens have each been substituted by a 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl group. Related to warfarin, it has been used as an anticoagulant.


name: manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of white fat cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


name: regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


cellular response to hydroxyurea

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.


name: ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity

description: An ATP-dependent activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded DNA molecule.


axonemal microtubule

description: A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


name: neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

description: The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action of proton pumps.


cell trailing edge

description: The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


BLOC-2 complex

description: A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.


fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


name: positive regulation of superoxide anion generation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.


name: regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


galactolipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


name: negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


imitative learning

description: Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.


facial nucleus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


name: cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

description: The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.


sodium channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a sodium channel.


name: regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


presynaptic cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.


Hypofibrinogenemia

description: Decreased concentration of fibrinogen in the blood.


Missed abortion

description: Retention in uterus of an abortus.


name: convergent extension involved in gastrulation

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycyl-peptide = CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycyl-peptide.


name: blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


name: chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


myoblast fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+.


ciliary body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.


benign neoplasm

description: A neoplasm which is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (severe cytologic atypia, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic rate). Benign neoplasms remain confined to the original site of growth and do not metastasize to other anatomic sites.


malic enzyme activity

description: Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate.


rRNA import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


box H/ACA RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.


oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


regulation of neurotrophin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


glial limiting end-foot

description: Terminal process of astrocyte that extends to the surface of the central nervous system. Together, glial limiting end-feet form the glial limiting membrane or glia limitans.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


name: cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.


hypersplenism

description: Overactive functioning of the spleen, resulting in excessive destruction of blood cells.


aryl sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


5-aminolevulinate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H+ + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I

description: A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Apg14p and Vps15p.


spina bifida

description: A congenital neural tube defect in which vertebrae are not fully formed. It results in the protrusion of the spinal cord through the opening of the vertebrae.


D-ribose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


regulation of embryonic cell shape

description: Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell.


axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.


name: regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


acquired polycythemia vera

description: Polycythemia vera (PV) is an acquired myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an elevated absolute red blood cell mass caused by uncontrolled red blood cell production, frequently associated with uncontrolled white blood cell and platelet production.


name: regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


pulmonary valve

description: The semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.


prostaglandin secretion

description: The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring, from a cell or a tissue.


name: positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway.


classic Hodgkin lymphoma

description: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a B-cell lymphoma characterized histologically by the presence of large mononuclear Hodgkin cells and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells.


Macroscopic hematuria

description: Hematuria that is visible upon inspection of the urine.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.


base-excision repair, gap-filling

description: Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.


name: glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.


thioredoxin peroxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + hydrogen peroxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O.


thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.


alanine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-alanine + tRNA(Ala) = AMP + diphosphate + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala).


name: positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.


name: metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


name: glycine biosynthetic process from serine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine.


geniculate ganglion

description: The group of sensory neuron cell bodies associated with the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve).


ciliary pocket membrane

description: That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket).


spermine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


osteogenesis imperfecta

description: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by increased bone fragility, low bone mass, and susceptibility to bone fractures with variable severity.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


name: ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cobalt ion transport

description: The directed movement of cobalt (Co2+) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


viral latency

description: The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate.


name: establishment of meiotic spindle localization

description: The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.


name: fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid

description: Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced.


description: An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


description: A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


Thrombosis of vena cava

description: The formation of a thrombus in the vena cava.


lymphocytic colitis

description: Microscopic colitis characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes in the colonic epithelium and lamina propria. Patients present with chronic watery diarrhea. Colonoscopy reveals normal colonic mucosa. The diagnosis is made with the microscopic examination of the colonic biopsy samples.


name: cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


xanthine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+.


ureter smooth muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cellular response to antibiotic

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


name: cell migration involved in vasculogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the differentiation of an endothelial cell that will form de novo blood vessels and tubes.


name: positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.


vitamin D biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


cilastatin

The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of L-cysteine with the 7-position of (2Z)-2-({[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with  imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.


name: NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process

description: The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.


pituitary apoplexy

description: A rare, potentially life-threatening disorder caused by acute ischemic infarction or hemorrhage in the pituitary gland. It is most often associated with the presence of a pituitary gland adenoma. Signs and symptoms include headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, and endocrine dysfunction.


nontoxic goiter

description: Sporadic enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with changes in thyroid function or malignancy.


Edema of foot (finding)

description: The accumulation of fluid in the feet, most prominently on the dorsum.


lysosomal membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosomal membrane. A lysosomal membrane is the lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


cellular response to mercury ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


neuromuscular disease

description: Any disease that impairs the functioning of the muscles, either directly, being pathologies of the voluntary muscle, or indirectly, being pathologies of nerves or neuromuscular junctions


name: negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process

description: A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.


name: type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1).


name: negative regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


name: regulation of protein K63-linked ubiquitination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination.


transketolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reversible transfer of a 2-carbon ketol group (CH2OH-CO-) from a ketose phosphate donor to an aldose phosphate acceptor.


name: group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


name: renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

description: The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.


description: Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.


name: Gray syndrome from chloramphenicol administration in newborn

description: A disorder observed in a newborn who was exposed to chloramphenicol. Manifestations include hypotension, cyanosis, cardiovascular collapse and/or death.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


name: transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter

description: A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


name: positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


L-fucose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).


GDP-mannose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


hyperparathyroidism

description: Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands resulting in the overproduction of parathyroid hormone. It may be primary or secondary; primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. It is associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Signs and symptoms include weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, depression, bone pain, osteoporosis, cystic bone lesions, and kidney stones. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by the chronic stimulation of the parathyroid glands in patients with chronic renal failure, rickets, and malabsorption syndromes.


regulation of protein tetramerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization.


proline transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


aortic valve development

description: The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


DNA recombinase mediator complex

description: A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA through facilitating recombinase-RPA exchange.


name: aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


tyrosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


angiotensin receptor activity

description: Combining with angiotensin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

description: The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.


name: regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation.


cardiolipin binding

description: Binding to cardiolipin.


Fetal Tachycardia

description: A fetal heart rate above 160 bpm that is sustained for longer than 10 minutes.


cell adhesion molecule production

description: The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


beta selection

description: The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


retinal cone cell development

description: Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.


guanine/thymine mispair binding

description: Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/T mispair.


name: negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


name: adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


engulfment of apoptotic cell

description: The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


cor pulmonale

description: Hypertrophy and dilation of the right ventricle of the heart that is caused by pulmonary hypertension. This condition is often associated with pulmonary parenchymal or vascular diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary embolism.


liver morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.


gastric emptying

description: The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


recognition of apoptotic cell

description: The process in which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.


phenylpropanoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


Systemic lupus erythematosus rash

description: A rash associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.


lipopolysaccharide transport

description: The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


laminin-11 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


Lymph Node Pain

description: A painful sensation in a lymph node.


dihydropyrimidinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate.


name: methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


skin sarcoidosis

description: Formation of non-necrotizing granulomas in the skin. It may be a manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis or may also arise in isolation.


name: retinoic acid-responsive element binding

description: Binding to a retinoic acid-responsive element, a variable direct repeat of the sequence PuGGTCA spaced by five nucleotides (DR5) found in the promoters of retinoic acid-responsive genes, to which retinoic acid receptors bind.


JUN kinase kinase kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: JNKK + ATP = JNKK phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinases (JNKKs).


name: positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


prostaglandin F synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin F2alpha = H+ + NADPH + prostaglandin D2.


O-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


premature ejaculation

description: A disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent ejaculation before or after penetration and before the person wishes it.


name: negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


name: positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


BRE binding

description: Binding to a BRE RNA element (Bruno response element).


oromandibular dystonia

description: Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a form of focal dystonia, affecting the lower part of the face and jaws. It is characterized by sustained or repetitive involuntary jaw and tongue movements and facial grimacing caused by involuntary spasms of the masticatory, facial, pharyngeal, lingual, and lip muscles.


sulfhemoglobinemia

description: A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)


L-kynurenine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


name: positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


name: positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


telomerase catalytic core complex

description: The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.


name: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.


name: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


name: poly(A)-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.


name: regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


sterol desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.


synaptic vesicle targeting

description: The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


name: behavioral response to formalin induced pain

description: Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.


name: regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

description: The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.


protein hexamerization

description: The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


name: histone pre-mRNA 3'end processing complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein that binds to specific sites in, and is required for cleavage of, the 3'-end of histone pre-mRNAs. The complex contains the U7 snRNP and additional proteins, including the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and the exonuclease 3'hExo/Eri-1.


anoikis

description: Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


regulation of fertilization

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


name: Abnormal blood urea nitrogen concentration

description: Any deviation from the normal concentration of urea nitrogen in the blood.


establishment of Golgi localization

description: The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.


neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

description: The directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


herpes simplex virus keratitis

description: A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (keratitis, dendritic). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed)


ABC-type manganese transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).


cell wall

description: The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.


aggressive behavior

description: A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.


name: nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


name: regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


dendritic growth cone

description: The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell dendrite.


name: positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


mRNA cleavage factor complex

description: Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.


name: cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


hemophilia

description: Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage or prolonged bleeding due to factor VIII or IX deficiency.


graft versus host disease

description: An immune system disorder that occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and is a reaction of donor immune cells against host tissues. Activated donor T cells damage host epithelial cells after an inflammatory cascade that begins with the preparative regimen.


preantral ovarian follicle growth

description: Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.


name: secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.


name: negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


citrate transport

description: The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


Organ Failure

description: The failure of an essential system in the body.


response to lipid hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


nucleolus organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.


icosanoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of icosanoid.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


cellular response to cycloheximide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


activin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.


colonic pseudo-obstruction

description: Functional obstruction of the colon leading to megacolon in the absence of obvious colonic diseases or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.


sesamoid bone

description: A sesamoid element that is composed of bone tissue.


ambenonium

A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.


O-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


name: acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


name: negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway.


name: protein localization to nuclear envelope

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


Hypoperfusion

description: No component of the tumor exhibits perfusion equal to or greater than cerebellar gray matter, excluding encased or grossly visible intrinsic vasculature.


UV-damage excision repair

description: A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


endolymphatic sac

description: From the posterior wall of the saccule a canal, the ductus endolymphaticus, is given off; this duct is joined by the ductus utriculosaccularis, and then passes along the aquaeductus vestibuli and ends in a blind pouch, the endolymphatic sac, on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater. Studies suggest that the endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac perform both absorptive and secretory, as well as phagocytic and immunodefensive,functions . [WP,unvetted].


lucanthone

A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.


name: negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of SA node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


name: regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


premature menopause

description: Cessation of menstruation before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and decreased sex drive.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


regulation of lipophagy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy.


steroid sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.


name: maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

description: Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


cerebellar molecular layer development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


regulation of bone trabecula formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


membrane to membrane docking

description: The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.


oxidative RNA demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a RNA molecule involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


glomerular epithelial cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


outer acrosomal membrane

description: The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.


name: negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


name: vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


name: extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction

description: Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.