myosin XIV complex

description: A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.


name: alpha7-beta1 integrin-nicotinamide riboside kinase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).


bI3 intron splicing complex

description: Aprotein complex required for the splicing of intron 3 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI3 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), the MRS1 cofactor and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing.


U4atac/U6atac x U5 tri-snRNP complex

description: A spliceosomal snRNP complex that is formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 snRNPs.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

description: All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.


name: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, transmembrane substrate-binding subunit-containing

description: A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 4 subunits: a transmembrane substrate-binding protein (known as the S component), and an energy-coupling module that comprises two ATP-binding proteins (known as the A and A' components) and a transmembrane protein (known as the T component). Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


name: tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex

description: A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

description: A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


nuclear proteasome core complex

description: The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


myosin IV complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.


BID-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


name: cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

description: The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex located in the cytosol of the cell.


name: lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

description: The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.


SeqA-DNA complex

description: A protein-DNA complex that contains an oligomer of SeqA bound to GATC sites in methylated or newly-synthesized, hemi-methylated double-stranded DNA, with preference for the latter. Binding of SeqA to hemimethylated DNA sequesters oriC, prevents re-methylation of DNA by Dam and in turn stops premature re-initiation of replication during one replication cycle.


UBR1-RAD6 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of UBR1 and RAD6 components. It polyubiquitinates proteins containing non-acetylated N-terminal residues causing their subsequent degradation by the proteasome as part of the Ac/N-End Rule pathway. It recognizes non-acetylated N-terminal methionine if it is followed by a hydrophobic residue. Additionally, it acts in an N-end rule independent manner as a component of a novel quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes.


name: alpha1-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

description: A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


vacuolar HOPS complex

description: Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.


plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex

description: An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.


RSP5-BUL ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RSP5 and BUL components. It polyubiquinates plasma membrane transporters and permeases, required for their endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole. BUL1 or BUL2, respectively, bind to the target protein, enabling ubiquitylation by Rsp5. Phosphorylation of BUL proteins results in binding to 14-3-3 proteins, protecting the permeases from down-regulation.


collagen type XII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


cytoplasmic replisome

description: A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.


isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

description: Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


ModE complex

description: A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.


alkanesulfonate monooxygenase complex

description: A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).


name: nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


nuclear membrane complex Bqt3-Bqt4

description: A protein complex that resides in the inner nuclear membrane and anchors telomeres to the nuclear envelope. In fission yeast, it is composed of Bqt3 and Bqt4.


TAT protein transport complex

description: A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.


multivesicular body HOPS complex

description: Any HOPS complex that is part of a multivesicular body membrane.


DnaB helicase complex

description: A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; functions during DNA replication and repair.


name: signal recognition particle, chloroplast targeting

description: A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.


IgE immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


tRNA-guanine transglycosylase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine residue with queuine at the wobble position of the anticodon of tRNAs. The eukaryotic tRNA-guanine transglycosylase exists as a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit (QTRT1 in humans) and an accessory subunit (QTRT2 in humans), whereas the bacterial enzyme is homodimeric.


laminin-8 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


name: cytosol pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

description: A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.


alpha4-beta4 integrin-EMILIN-1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta4 integrin complex bound to EMILIN-1 (ElastinMicrofibril Interface Located ProteIN).


meprin A complex

description: A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


name: RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex

description: A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex

description: An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.


name: plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

description: A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD9.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class II

description: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme and one or more adaptor proteins. There is no known obligatory regulatory subunit. The class II PI3K (PI3KC2) subfamily of genes has members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


multi-pass translocon complex

description: A protein complex that mediates the insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Substrates enter via the lateral gate of the Sec61 translocon. The complex comprises the GEL subcomplex (composed of RAB5IF/OPTI and TMCO1), the BOS subcomplex (composed of NCLN/Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147) and the PAT subcomplex (composed of WDR83OS/Asterix and CCDC47).


actomyosin, myosin complex part

description: The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.


name: M/G1 phase-specific MADS box-forkhead transcription factor complex

description: A protein complex that contains a MADS-box protein and two forkhead domain proteins, and binds to and regulates transcription from promoters of genes transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the cell cycle. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the complex contains the MADS-box protein Mbx1 and two forkhead proteins, Sep1 and Fkh2.


photosystem I

description: A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).


chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex

description: A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.


transmembrane collagen trimer

description: Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.


pyruvate kinase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of pyruvate kinase activity.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.


penta-snRNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


name: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex

description: A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.


name: trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity.


efflux pump complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of efflux transmembrane transporter activity.


DnaA-HU complex

description: A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.


interleukin-9 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.


ciliary necklace

description: A protein complex located on the cilium membrane in the ciliary transition zone; it is connected to the cilium axoneme via Y-shaped links.


i-AAA complex

description: Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

description: One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


CMG complex

description: A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.


name: core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex

description: The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3).


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


description: A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


transcription factor TFIIK complex

description: A transcription factor complex that forms part of the holo TFIIH complex. In Saccharomyces/human, TFIIK contains Ccl1p/Cyclin H, Tfb3p/MAT1 and Kin28p/CDK7.


integrin alphaM-beta2 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.


name: RNA polymerase I transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase I promoter.


RENT complex

description: A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.


atf1-pcr1 complex

description: A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of the bZIP proteins atf1 and pcr1. The heterodimer binds m26 sites (homologous to CRE).


BAD-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


methyl coenzyme M reductase complex

description: A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.


4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.


Tea1 cell-end complex

description: A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.


Ssh1 translocon complex

description: A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Ssh1p, Sbh2p, and Sss1p. The Ssh1 translocon complex is involved in the cotranslational pathway of protein transport across the ER membrane, and recognizes proteins bearing strongly hydrophobic signal sequences.


IgG immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


name: mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

description: A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


IgM immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: A polymer of five or six IgM core units each composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds; the individual IgM core units are held together via disulfide bonds with a single J chain polypeptide acting as a bridge between two of the polymeric units. Circulating IgM is present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or in the blood or lymph.


IscS-TusA complex

description: A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) at tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consists of a central IscS dimer with the two TusA protomers bound to one of the IscS units each via persulfide (-SSH) groups.


bI4 intron splicing complex

description: A protein complex required for the splicing of intron 4 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI4 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), Leucyl-tRNA synthetase NAM2 and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing.


molybdopterin synthase complex

description: A heterotetrameric protein complex that catalyses sulfur transfer from the sulfur carrier subunit of molybdopterin synthase to precursor Z to synthesize molybdopterin as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoaE and MoaD; in human, MOCS2B and MOCS2A. Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex

description: A multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage.


hexameric IgM immunoglobulin complex

description: A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.


integrin alpha5-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


core-binding factor complex

description: A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit.


name: magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex

description: An intracellular enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.


alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM15 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


transnitrosylase complex

description: A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another.


name: ammonium transmembrane transporter complex

description: High affinity ammonium transporter complex that enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: copper ion transmembrane transporter complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of copper ion transmembrane transporter activity.


name: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex

description: Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.


name: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex

description: A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT.


Nkx-2.5 complex

description: A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes.


IgG immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


name: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex

description: The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity.


GID complex

description: A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. It appears to play a broader role in cellular homeostasis and development in other species.


glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex

description: A transmembrane signaling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.


photosystem II reaction center

description: An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex

description: A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).


IgD immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


IgE immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


name: homodimeric serine palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A homodimeric complex which transfers a palmitoyl group onto serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


IgY immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


thiazole synthase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of thiazole synthase activity.


C/EBP complex

description: A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities.


xanthine dehydrogenase complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex having xanthine dehydrogenase activity.


GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase complex

description: A protein complex capable of catalyzing the reaction of GTP and mannose-1-phosphate to form GDP-mannose. The complex is a homodimer in most bacteria and a heterodimer in most eukaryotes. In humans, it is composed of a catalytic beta subunit (GMPPB) and a regulatory alpha subunit (GMPPA).


name: RNA polymerase IV transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase IV.


EGFR-Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

description: A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


name: nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex

description: One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.


myosin III complex

description: A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.


iron-iron nitrogenase complex

description: An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.


gamma-secretase-Delta1 complex

description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of the Notch ligand Delta1 with the gamma-secretase complex.


name: calcium:proton antiporter complex

description: A protein complex that enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


ERBB4-ERBB4 complex

description: A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).


synapsis initiation complex

description: A SUMO-E3 ligase complex capable of promoting synapsis, the meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase.


DnaB-DnaG complex

description: A protein complex containing homohexameric DnaB helicase, and DnaG (a primase). Facilitates the unwinding of double-stranded DNA and the synthesis of RNA primer sequences during DNA replication and repair in Prokaryotes.


SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Pof5 in S. pombe (YDR306C in S. cerevisiae).


collagen type XXIII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIII) chains; type XXIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CYR61 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.


heterochromatin domain

description: A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically under specific growth conditions by a process that requires RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).


description: A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


catalytic complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.


Cul8-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul8 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core. In S. cerevisiae, Mms1p acts as the adaptor protein and substrate specificity is conferred by any of a number of different proteins.


thylakoid light-harvesting complex

description: A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.


DNA polymerase III complex

description: The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


glycine reductase complex

description: Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.


cyanelle ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex

description: A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoadipate to glutaryl-CoA, thereby acting in the final step of lysine and tryptophan catabolism in mitochondria. The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).


Cry-Per complex

description: Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms.


iNOS-S100A8/A9 complex

description: A protein complex capable of stimulus-inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity. S-nitrosylates cysteine residues in target proteins, a principal mechanism of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signal transduction. In mammals consists of NOS2, S100A8 and S100A9. S100A9 acts both as an adaptor linking NOS2 to its target and as a transnitrosylase that transfers the nitric oxide moiety from NOS2 to its target, via its own S-nitrosylated cysteine.


IgM immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and in its circulating form complexed with J chain in polymeric forms. An IgM immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


peroxisomal importomer complex

description: A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.


description: A protein-containing complex located intracellularly.


chylomicron remnant

description: A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.


Ddb1-Ckn1 complex

description: A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Ckn1 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


description: A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol transporter activity.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaE-beta7 integrin complex bound to E-cadherin.


collagen type XVI trimer

description: A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.


histone H3-containing nucleosome

description: A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


ERBB4:ERBB2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


myosin I complex

description: A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.


BAK complex

description: An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


chloroplast ATP synthase complex

description: The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.


integrin alphaD-beta2 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.


SCF-Dia2/Pof3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Dia2 in S. cerevisiae (Pof3 in S. pombe).


Ddb1-Wdr21 complex

description: A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


SBF transcription complex

description: A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM1.


oligosaccharyltransferase II complex

description: An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD98 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.


nucleolar exosome (RNase complex)

description: A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and in some taxa (e.g. yeast) endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the reaction: 7-methylguanosine-5'-triphospho-5'-pholynucleotide + H20 = 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate + polynucleotide.


PKM2 protein kinase complex

description: A protein complex capable of phosphorylating a large number of protein targets. Contributes to cell proliferation under glycose starvation conditions. In human, the complex is present as a dimer.


BAX complex

description: An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


multimerin complex

description: Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily involved in cell adhesion. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular Multimerin structures.


endosomal scaffold complex

description: A protein complex that contains MAPKSP1 (MP1, Map2k1ip1) and ROBLD3 (p14, Mapbpip), is anchored to late endosomes, and is involved in selective activation of the ERK1 in ERK/MAPK signaling.


pre-primosome complex

description: Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.


myosin XVII complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


integrin alphaIIb-beta3 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.


DnaB-DnaC-Rep-PriC complex

description: A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

description: The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


S100A9 complex

description: A protein complex composed of a S100A9 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways. Transports arachidonic acid between the cytosol and the NADPH oxidase complex at the plasma membrane in neutrophils as part of an inflammatory signal cascade leading to an oxidative burst. Complexes with microtubules to increase cell motility.


neurotransmitter receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that is capable of functioning as a neurotransmitter receptor.


laminin-4 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.


name: chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein complex

description: A protein complex that is part of a chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


name: NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)

description: An NADH dehydrogenase complex that catalyzes the transfer of electrons to plastoquinone. The complex is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones and the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and is found in plastid thylakoids.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-A complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.


myosin XV complex

description: A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.


description: A protein complex which is capable of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


myosin XI complex

description: A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.


alpha5-beta5-fibronectin-SFRP2 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.


Rad6-Rad18 complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex found to be involved in post-replicative bypass of UV-damaged DNA and UV mutagenesis. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Rad6 and Rad18, a protein containing a RING finger motif and a nucleotide binding motif. The yeast Rad6-Rad18 heterodimer has ubiquitin conjugating activity, binds single-stranded DNA, and possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity.


name: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex

description: A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.


Pi Mi complex

description: A transcription factor complex composed of a homeodomain protein and the M-specific peptide Mi that acts at the regulatory region of genes required for the activation of meiosis.


name: chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex

description: A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


name: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

description: One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.


INA complex

description: A protein complex located in the inner membrane of mitochondria that is involved in the assembly of the peripheral (or stator) stalk of the mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as the F1F0 ATP synthase). In budding yeast, this complex includes Ina22p and Ina17p.


name: sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex

description: A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of sodium ions across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0 or V0) that carries out ion transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1 or V1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.


HDA1 complex

description: A tetrameric histone deacetylase complex that contains a Class II deacetylase catalytic subunit. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of two Hda1p subunits along with Hda2p and Hda3p.


mitochondrial mRNA editing complex

description: An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.


RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RAD6 and UBR2 components. It may act in a quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The UBR2 component lacks sequence motifs required for N-end rule degradation.


FHL3-CREB complex

description: A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.


collagen type XX trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XX) chains.


GTPase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.


starch utilization system complex

description: A bacterial cell envelope-associated multiprotein system, which binds and degrades starch.


transcription factor TFIIIC1 complex

description: A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human. The complex is poorly characterized, but contains the 250-kDa form of HsBdp1, and is thought to include nuclear factor 1 (NF1). It stimulates binding by human TFIIIC2 and is required for transcription activity.


name: transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 complex

description: A protein complex that possesses protein kinase activity and activates the I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to TRAF6 signaling. It comprises the catalytic subunit TAK1 complexed to the regulatory subunits, termed TABs (TAK1-binding subunits).


name: nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

description: The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


Vps55/Vps68 complex

description: A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.


DPS complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22.


PUMA-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


Lsm-containing SMN-Sm protein complex

description: An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D3, E, F, and G, and Lsm10 and Lsm11, with the SMN complex. This complex forms Sm cores on U7 snRNA.


DNA recombinase complex

description: A protein-DNA complex consisting of a higher-order oligomer of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) on single-stranded DNA.


name: PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex

description: A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.


laminin-522 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


cobalamin transport complex

description: Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein (BtuF), an integral membrane homodimer, BtuC, and a cytoplasmic ATP-binding homodimer BtuD.


name: cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex

description: An aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex found in the cytosol, in which the ligand-binding subunit AhR is not bound to ligand; consists of AhR, two molecules of HSP90, the protein kinase c-Src, and the immunophilin XAP2/AIP.


interleukin-4 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-4 (IL-4) and consists of an alpha chain that binds IL-4 with high affinity and a gamma common chain that also forms part of the interleukin-2 receptor.


iron-sulfur cluster transfer complex

description: A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), which may be a target protein or another Fe-S assembly complex. In humans, it consists of HSPA9, HSCB, GLRX5, ABCB7 and GFER.


photosystem I reaction center

description: A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.


fatty-acyl-CoA synthase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.


exoribonuclease complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of exoribonuclease activity.


7SK snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the 7SK snRNA. The 7SK snRNP plays a central role in RNA polymerase II elongation control by regulating the availability of active P-TEFb.


Pip2-Oaf1 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex consisting of Zn(2)Cys(6) containing transcription factors Pip2 and Oaf1. It binds to the oleate response element (ORE), found in the promoters of fatty acid-inducible genes in Saccharomyces where, in the presence of oleate this bound complex activates the transcription of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


collagen type XIV trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


heavy chain immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgNAR isotype held together by disulfide bonds and lacking immunoglobulin light chains.


name: alpha5-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-CD151 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


IgD B cell receptor complex

description: An IgD immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


interleukin-12 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-12 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.


Grb2-SHP-2 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


CFTR-NHERF-ezrin complex

description: A protein complex that contains ezrin, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF, also called EBP50), and two copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The CFTR molecules interact with NHERF via their cytoplasmic tail domains; the complex is thought to link the CFTR channel to the actin cytoskeleton and contribute to the regulation of channel activity.


eNoSc complex

description: A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.


NLRP6 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of NLRP6, PYCARD/ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-4/caspase-11.


cortical Lewy body

description: Cytoplasmic inclusion similar to a classical Lewy body but lacking a halo of protein fibrils.


nucleolar peripheral inclusion body

description: Inclusion bodies located at the nucleolar periphery where several nuclear factors are reversibly aggregated and sequestered during acute heat stress or starvation.


classical Lewy body

description: Cytoplasmic inclusion, 5 to 15 micrometers in diameter, with a dense core surrounded by a halo of 10 to 20 nm wide radially oriented alpha-synuclein fibrils.


nematosome

description: Cytoplasmic, ball-like inclusion resembling a nucleolus and consisting of a convoluted network of electron-opaque strands embedded in a less dense matrix. It measures approximately 0.9 microns and lacks a limiting membrane. Its strands (diameter = 400-600 A) appear to be made of an entanglement of tightly packed filaments and particles approximately 25-50 A thick. Cytochemical studies suggest the presence of nonhistone proteins and some RNA. Usually only one such structure is present in a cell, and it appears to occur in most ganglion cells. Although they can be seen anywhere in the cell body, nematosomes are typically located in the perinuclear cytoplasm, where they are often associated with smooth-surfaced and coated vesicles.


skein-like inclusion

description: Intracytoplasmic filamentous structure frequently encountered in preparations immunostained for ubiquitin.


fibrillary inclusion

description: Cellular inclusion consisting of circular areas filled with fine slender filaments about 10 nanometers in diameter, delimited by a wall of varying complexity (either a single continuous membrane or a tubular network consisting of a fine filamentous material giving the wall a honeycomb appearance). Fibrillary inclusions are found in the cytoplasm of giant cells of Dieters in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat; similar structures have been described in the ventral cochlear nucleus, spinal cord, and substantia nigra.


glial cytoplasmic inclusion

description: Non-membrane-bound cytoplasmic inclusions composed of 10-40 nm granule-coated fibrils. These inclusions have an abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein and are found in association with multiple system atrophy.


complex laminated body

description: A cytoplasmic inclusion body found in some lateral geniculate neurons and composed of sheets of tubules (25 nm in diameter) separated by dense material (about 75 nm wide), which together with the tubules whorl give a structure resembling a fingerprint.


laminated body

description: Inclusion body characterized by regularly spaced sheets of tubules arranged in a whorl pattern resembling a fingerprint. Laminated bodies have been observed in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus.


Pick body

description: Cellular inclusion composed of numerous tau fibrils arranged in a disorderly array. Tau protein is a major component, though Pick bodies also contain ubiquitin, alpha-synuclein, and apolipoprotein E.


hyaline inclusion

description: A glass-like, pale intracellular inclusion.


glutamatergic postsynaptic density

description: The post-synaptic specialization of a glutamatergic excitatory synapse.


median vaginal canal

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A median canal in the reproductive system of marsupials that connects the uteri to a common tract, joining with the two lateral vaginas. Connects the uterine openings directly with the urogenital sinus.


presynaptic active zone membrane

description: The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.


long-chain fatty alcohol

A fatty alcohol with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


fatty alcohol 22:0

Any fatty alcohol containing 22 carbons.


D-cystine zwitterion

A cysteine zwitterion derived from D-cysteine by transfer of a proton from each of the carboxy groups to the amino groups.


organofluorine compound

An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.


monofluorobenzenes

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying a single fluorine substitutent.


R-FLUOXETINE

An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has R configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].


trifluorobenzene

Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes carrying three fluorine substituents at unspecified positions.


fluorobiphenyl

Any member of the class of  biphenyls that is a mono or poly-substituted biphenyl having fluro group as one of the substituents.


fluorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.


(trifluoromethyl)benzenes

An organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.


fluoroalkane

A haloalkane that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom.


The stable isotope of zinc with relative atomic mass 66.927131, 4.10 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


pharyngeal arch artery 1

description: The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


pharyngeal arch artery 4

description: The vessels formed within the fourth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


pharyngeal arch artery 6

description: The vessels formed within the sixth pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


pharyngeal arch artery 2

description: The vessels formed within the second pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis.


pharyngeal arch artery 5

description: The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis.


name: extraembryonic portion of umbilical artery


heteroatomic molecular entity

A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.


aromatic primary alcohol

Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


organic fundamental parent

An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.


organic oxide

An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.


aliphatic alcohol

An  alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.


imidic acid

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).


sulfates

Salts and esters of sulfuric acid


tergitol

A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-nonylphenyl ether.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


ethanols

Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton.


primary fatty alcohol

Any fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


phosphoramidate ester

A phosphoric ester (phosphate) that has an NR2 instead of an OH group.


phenols

Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.


organobromine compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-bromine bond.


nitrophenol

Any member of the class of  phenols or substituted phenols carrying  at least 1 nitro group.


diol

A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.


amino alcohol

An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.


halide

Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.


alkylbenzene

A  monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups.


glycol

A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


alkyl alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


sulfamides

Compounds where two amino groups are bound to an SO2 unit.


oxoacid

A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


allylic alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).


metal sulfate

Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion.


phenylethanolamines

An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent.


resorcinols

Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.


organic sulfate

Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group


hydrides

Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.


artemisinin derivative

Any organic peroxide formally obtained from artemisinin.


organosulfonic acid

An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon.


peroxides

Compounds of structure ROOR'.


halohydrocarbon

A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.


enol

Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR2. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' =/= H).


hydroxypolyether

A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.


organic hydroxy compound

An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.


levobetaxolol

The (S)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


inorganic calcium salt

A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds


tertiary alcohol

A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.


(R)-bevantolol

The (R)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


cyclohexanols

An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.


haloalkane

A halohydrocarbon that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom.


hydroxyether

Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


hydrocarbon

A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


A mononitrophenol that is 2-nitrophenol and its derivatives resulting from substitution of one or more of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring by a non-nitro group.


main-group coordination entity

A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.


oligosaccharide sulfate

Any  carbohydrate sulfate that is an oligosaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


secondary alcohol

A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.


polyene

An olefin that contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.


mononitrophenol

A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.


Any  propanediol bearing hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3.


polyol

A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.


primary allylic alcohol

An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens.


coordination entity

An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).


sulfuric ester

An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.


alditol

A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).


hydroxides

Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).


organic peroxide

Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are organic groups.


aromatic alcohol

Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.


polyene antibiotic

A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of Streptomyces.


(S)-bevantolol

The (S)-enantiomer of bevantolol.


organohalogen compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).


long chain primary alcohol

A primary alcohol with a chain length ranging from 13-22 carbons which is usually but not always a fatty alcohol.


pentol

A  polyol with five hydroxy groups.


fatty alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched.


oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.


N-sulfonylurea

A urea in which one of the hydrogens attached to a nitrogen of the urea group is replaced by a sulfonyl group. The N-sulfonylurea moiety is a key group in various herbicides, as well as in a number of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetis mellitus.


sulfonamide

An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.


triol

A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.


organic magnesium salt

A magnesium salt with C-H bonds


heteroaryl hydroxy compound

Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring.


olefin

Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes.


monocyclic arene

A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


arene

Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


primary alcohol

A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


polyphenol

Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


sodium salt

Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.


organosulfonate salt

Any organic salt prepared using an organosulfonic acid as the acid component.


A halophenol in which the halogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the C-OH group.


sulfonamide antibiotic

A class of sulfonamides whose members generally have bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.


salt

A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.


cellular bud neck contractile ring

description: A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


alkaloid

Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is  exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.


indole alkaloid

An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


isoquinoline alkaloid

Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.


cinchona alkaloid

An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton.


monoterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and diisoprenoid (usually secolaganin) building blocks.


hemiterpenoid indole alkaloid

A terpenoid indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and monoisoprenoid (usually dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or isopentenyl pyrophosphate) building blocks


morphinane alkaloid

An  isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


benzylisoquinoline alkaloid

Any isoquinoline alkaloid based on a benzylisoquinoline skeleton.


vinca alkaloid

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are alkaloids obtained from the Vinca genus of plants, together with semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues.


ergoline alkaloid

One of a class of naturally occurring alkaloids with a structure based on that of ergoline.


terpenoid indole alkaloid

An indole alkaloid which is biosynthesised from L-tryptophan and isoprenoid building blocks.


aporphine alkaloid

Any benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that has a structure based on 4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline or its 3-methyl derivative.


anthracycline

Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.


glyoxysomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.


glycosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.


mannosome

description: A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.


photoreceptor ribbon synapse

description: A ribbon synapse between a retinal photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) and a retinal bipolar cell. These contain a plate-like synaptic ribbon.


cochlear hair cell ribbon synapse

description: A ribbon synpase of an auditory hair cell of the cochlear. These ribbon synapses contain spherical synaptic ribbons and lack and arciform density.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic density membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic density membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic membrane

description: The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone

description: The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body

description: A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.


mitochondrial chromosome

description: A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.


Z chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.


ascus lipid droplet

description: Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.


chloroplast nucleoid

description: The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.


plastid ribosome

description: A ribosome contained within a plastid.


bacterial nucleoid

description: The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.


proplastid nucleoid

description: The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.


active sex chromosome

description: A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated.


polytene chromosome chromocenter

description: A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.


plastid nucleoid

description: The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.


W chromosome

description: The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.


inactive sex chromosome

description: A sex chromosome that has been inactivated.


polytene chromosome

description: A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.


organothiophosphorus compound

An organothiophosphorus compound is an organophosphorus compound which contains a phosphorus-sulfur bond.


thiocarboxylic ester

An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur.


organosulfur compound

An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.


methanesulfonates

Esters or salts of methanesulfonic acid.


thioureas

Compounds of general formula RR'NC(=S)NR''R'''.


S-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and a S atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-S bond.


thiocarbonyl compound

Any compound containing the thiocarbonyl group, C=S.


organic sulfide

Compounds having the structure RSR (R =/= H). Such compounds were once called thioethers.


alkanethiol

An alkanethiol is a compound in which a sulfanyl group, -SH, is attached to an alkyl group.


(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine

An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.


aryl sulfide

Any organic sulfide in which the sulfur is attached to at least one aromatic group.


sulfide

Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur.


dithioacetal

A thioacetal having the structure R2C(SR')2. The term includes dithioketals (R =/= H, R' =/= H) as a subclass.


sulfone

An organosulfur compound having the structure RS(=O)2R (R =/= H).


methyl sulfide

Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.


sulfoxide

An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).


thioacetal

The sulfur analogue of 'acetal'.  The term includes monothioacetals having the structure R2C(OR')(SR') (subclass monothioketals, R =/= H); and dithioacetals having the structure R2C(SR')2 (subclass dithioketals, R =/= H, R' =/= H).


thiol

An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.


thiosugar

A carbohydrate derivative in which one or more of the oxygens or hydroxy groups of the parent carbohydrate is replaced by sulfur or -SR, where R can be hydrogen or any group.


monothioacetal

A thioacetal having the structure R2C(OR')(SR'). The term includes monothioketals, R =/= H, as a subclass.


dithioketal

A dithioacetal of formula R2C(SR')2, R =/= H, R' =/= H.


serosa of uterine tube

description: A serous membrane that is part of a fallopian tube.


Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum

description: The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


pes blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a foot [Automatically generated definition].


pedal digit blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition].


arcuate artery of foot

description: The arcuate artery of the foot (metatarsal artery) arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries. This vessel gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries. It is not present in all individuals.


amphisome membrane

description: Any membrane that is part of an amphisome.


name: extrinsic component of external side of mycolate outer membrane

description: The component of mycolate membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane

description: The component of mycolate outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


formamides

Amides with the general formula R(1)R(2)NCHO (R(1) and R(2) can be H).


left internal carotid artery

description: An internal carotid artery that branching_part_of a left common carotid artery plus branches.


pnictogen molecular entity

A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.


oxime

Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.


glycine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.


L-tryptophan derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tryptophan at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tryptophan by a heteroatom.


triazene derivative

A nitrogen molecular entity resulting from the formal substitution of one or more of the hydrogens of triazene.


L-tyrosine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tyrosine by a heteroatom.


Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.


hydroxylamines

Hydroxylamine, H2N-OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


amino acid derivative

Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues.


polyamine

Any organic amino compound that contains two or more amino groups.


L-phenylalanine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-phenylalanine  at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-phenylalanine  by a heteroatom.


N-nitrosoureas

A nitroso compound that is any urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group


ammonium compound

Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups.


bleomycin A5

A member of the class of bleomycins that is used in sclerotherapy for cervicofacial lymphatic malformations.


reactive nitrogen species

A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.(-)) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively.


vitamin B12

Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives).


primary amide

A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


oxime O-ether

O-organyl oximes R2C=NOR' (R' =/= H).


acetyl-amino acid

Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid.


azo compound

Derivatives of diazene with the general structure R-N=N-R'.


amide

An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


acetamides

Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.


carbohydrazide

A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups.


carboxamide

An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


nucleoside analogue

An analogue of a nucleoside, being an N-glycosyl compound in which the nitrogen-containing moiety is a modified nucleotide base. They are commonly used as antiviral products to prevent viral replication in infected cells.


phosphoramide

A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).


hydrazone

Compounds having the structure R2C=NNR2, formally derived from aldehydes or ketones by replacing =O by =NNH2 (or substituted analogues).


B vitamin

Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such).


mixed diacylamine

Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl


vitamin B9

Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.


asparagine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of asparagine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of asparagine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing asparagine residues.


organonitrogen compound

Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


D-tyrosine derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-tyrosine by a heteroatom.


N-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond.


nitrogen mustard

Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.


hydrazide

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH  by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).


phosphonic acids

HP(=O)(OH)2  (phosphonic acid) and its P-substituted derivatives.


organic amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


amidine

Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine.


valine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of valine  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing valine  residues.


nitroglycerol

A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.


cysteine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues.


amino acid amide

An amide of an amino acid formed formally by conversion of the carboxy group to a carboxamido group.


L-asparagine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-asparagine at the amino group, the carboxy group, or the carboxamide, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-asparagine by a heteroatom.


quaternary nitrogen compound

A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen.


L-valine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-valine by a heteroatom.


hemiaminal ether

An organic amino compound that is a hemiaminal in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by an organyl group. General formula: R2C(OR')NR2 ( R =/= H ). Also known as alpha-amino ethers.


monoamine

An aralylamino compound which contains one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.


chlormerodrin ((197)Hg)

Chlormerodrin containing the radioactive isotope (197)Hg. It was formerly used as a diagnostic aid in determination of renal function.


amidoxime

Amidines of general formula RC(=NOH)NR(1)R(2), in which the imino nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxy group.


N-sulfonylcarboxamide

A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid.


L-cysteine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from the formal reaction of L-cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-cysteine by a heteroatom.


nitrate ester

Any member of the class of nitrates resulting from the esterification of nitric acid with an alcohol.


vitamin B3

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).


phenylureas

Any member of the class of ureas in which at least one of the nitrogens of the urea moiety is substituted by a phenyl or substituted phenyl group.


D-phenylalanine derivative

A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-phenylalanine by a heteroatom.


cyanides

Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.


alanine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of alanine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing alanine residues.


vitamin B7

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.


L-proline derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-proline  by a heteroatom.


azobenzenes

Any member of the wide class of molecules that share the core azobenzene structure, comprising two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond, which may have different functional groups extending from the rings.


monoamine molecular messenger

A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group  (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


organophosphorus compound

An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters.


chlormerodrin ((203)Hg)

Chlormerodrin containing the radioactive isotope (203)Hg. It was formerly used as a diagnostic aid in determination of renal function.


proline derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of proline by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing proline residues.


diamine

Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.


glutamic acid derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues.


dicarboximide

An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups.


aromatic amine

An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.


ethylenediamine derivative

Any organic amino compound that is a derivative of  ethylenediamine.


phenylalanine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of phenylalanine  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing phenylalanine  residues.


nitroso compound

Compounds having the nitroso group, -NO, attached to carbon, or to another element, most commonly nitrogen or oxygen.


hydrazines

Hydrazine (diazane) and its substituted derivatives.


tryptophan derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tryptophan  at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tryptophan  by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tryptophan residues.


C-nitro compound

A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom.


guanidines

Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.


secondary carboxamide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).


tyrosine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, any substitution of phenyl hydrogens, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tyrosine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tyrosine residues.


biguanides

A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.


L-serine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-serine by a heteroatom.


proteinogenic amino acid derivative

Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.


serine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of serine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing serine residues.


aromatic amide

An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.