name: vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment

description: The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-methionine + pyruvate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


isonicotinate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + reduced acceptor.


name: protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.


name: negative regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


name: regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.


alpha-glucan, water dikinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O = AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate.


cellular response to borneol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


name: DNA replication-dependent chromatin disassembly

description: The disruption of nucleosomes during DNA replication to allow the replication machinery to access the DNA.


ethylene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation

description: Addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit via a nitrogen (N) atom of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.


description: The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, cytochrome as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


name: response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


nucleate erythrocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


oxalate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequence of glycoprotein to alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequences.


name: semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O.


name: indole-3-acetate carboxyl methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


synapse pruning

description: A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.


name: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11Z)-delta-11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


name: negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


name: response to mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


entry of bacterium into host cell

description: The process in which a bacterium enters a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


intracellular nucleotide homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleotides within a cell.


regulation of root morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root morphogenesis.


name: plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: virion attachment to host cell flagellum

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a the host cell flagellum. Some DNA bacterial viruses use flagella to attach to the host cell. This contact with the flagellum facilitates concentration of phage particles around the entry receptor on the bacterial cell surface.


name: cellular response to low light intensity stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


pantothenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantothenate + H2O = (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions

description: The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.


name: negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


arabinose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


name: proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


allantois development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


embryo sac egg cell differentiation

description: The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mannosylglycerate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + D-glycerate = H+ + 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + GDP.


name: phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


name: tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing

description: The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.


somitomeric trunk muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


ribitol phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


name: modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.


homocysteine desulfhydrase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


name: negative regulation of dense core granule transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule transport.


lifelong otolith mineralization

description: The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.


poly(A) RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n)-3'-adenine ribonucleotide. The primer may be an RNA or DNA fragment, or oligo(A) bearing a 3'-OH terminal group.


gamma-delta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


name: negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


localization

description: Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.


6-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-aminohexanoate + alpha-ketoglutarate = glutamate + 6-oxohexanoate.


regulation of seed development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.


name: regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


name: galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH.


name: sodium-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) => ATP + H2O + Na+(in), by a rotational mechanism.


name: transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling

description: A chromatin remodeling process that reestablishes the chromatin structure following the passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation, thus preventing cryptic transcription initiation.


butyrate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + butanoate = ADP + butanoyl phosphate + H+.


isoprene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.


name: ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).


butane monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


name: leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.


tryptophan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


ribokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


name: positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


name: negative regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.


name: maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

description: The maintenance of established bipolar anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that results in the shaping of a cell.


name: phenylethylamine biosynthetic process involved in synaptic transmission

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


name: corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


name: convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis

description: Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.


name: ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


ascorbate homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell.


name: regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.


name: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.


name: negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


regulation of meristem growth

description: Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.


negative regulation of brood size

description: Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


name: methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.


cellulose microfibril organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


name: electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

description: Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.


formate-dihydrofolate ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


name: low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via actin polymerization

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by polymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bradykinin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.


name: quercetin 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose = quercetin-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + NADP+.


endocardial cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + a standard alpha amino acid = dihomomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


pyruvyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a pyruvyl (oxopropanoyl) group from one compound to another.


name: lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface.


name: G protein-coupled cytokinin receptor activity

description: Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


nucleoside phosphate binding

description: Binding to nucleoside phosphate.


name: CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + ATP + 2 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + 3 diphosphate.


name: mitotic DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

description: Any maintenance of fidelity that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation

description: The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


name: metanephric glomerular basement membrane development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the metanephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


name: mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


name: negative regulation of pentasaccharide transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


name: cardiac neural crest cell delamination involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any cardiac neural crest cell delamination that is involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


synergid death

description: Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


(R)-citramalate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.


mandelate racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate = (R)-mandelate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyanthraquinone + UDP-D-glucose = a glucosyloxyanthraquinone + UDP.


name: dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate.


eclosion

description: The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.


conidiophore stalk development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


short neuropeptide F receptor activity

description: Combining with a short neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Short neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of less than 28 residues (as small as 8-10 residues in some species) with a C-terminal RFamide or LRFamide.


name: astrocyte activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.


retrotransposition

description: A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) copies and pastes itself into a different genomic location by transcription and convertsion of the transcribed RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription.


nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.


type I pilus assembly

description: The assembly from its constituent parts of a type I pilus.


ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.


mastication

description: The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.


aldaric acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host IRF9 activity

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. For example, viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway via agonism of host cell surface receptor

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by binding to and enhancing the activation of the receptor of the pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


dimethyl sulfoxide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.


name: cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-isopropylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-isopropylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = HSO3(-) + 4-hydroxytoluene.


name: ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).


glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = glycolate + 2 H+ + NADH.


name: cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase activity (reducing end)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a cellodextrin = n beta-cellobiose, releasing cellobiose from the reducing ends of the chains.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


name: negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

description: Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


sesquiterpene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


O-linoleoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


cellular response to L-dopa

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.


mRNA 5'-diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


name: inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate = ADP + inositol bisdiphosphate trisphosphate.


miltiradiene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


name: regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


intracellular cysteine homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cysteine within a cell.


mycothiol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol-2-(L-cysteinylamido)-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetyl-CoA = mycothiol + coA + H+. Mycothiol is also known as AcCys-GlcN-Ins and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as Cys-GlcN-Ins or desacetylmycothiol.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


metaplastic ossification

description: Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.


cystathionine gamma-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.


name: positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


carbohydrate utilization

description: A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


name: terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


name: L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase.


cardiac neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart.


name: endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

description: Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by chemokine CCL5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


embryo sac cellularization

description: The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


aryl-acylamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: anilide + H2O = a carboxylate + aniline + H+.


perichondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial connective tissue surrounding cartilage into bone.


D-amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


linoleate isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate = 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.


mandelate 4-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H2O. (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is also known as S-mandelate.


description: A process which occurs as part of viral mRNA translation which allows expression of a downstream open reading frame (ORF) in a dicistronic mRNA. In this process, ribosomes translate the upstream ORF but following termination, a proportion of 40S subunits remain tethered to the mRNA and go on to re-initiate translation at the start codon of the downstream ORF.


name: negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


detection of tumor cell

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate.


meiotic metaphase I

description: The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.


nitroglycerin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = CH3CH2NH2 + cyanuric acid.


name: apical constriction involved in gastrulation

description: The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


name: peptidoglycan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cresol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: cell migration involved in coronary angiogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of new blood vessels in the heart from pre-existing blood vessels.


name: mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity

description: A translation repressor activity that acts by base-pairing with an mRNA. The binding can result in targeting the mRNA for degradation or interfering with mRNA translation, hence resulting in posttranscriptional gene silencing.


L-amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an L-amino acid.


phosphatidylglycerol transfer activity

description: Directly binding to phosphatidylglycerol and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


dermonecrosis in another organism

description: The disruption of the skin of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the skin.


name: regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


ribonuclease G activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


name: symbiont-mediated migration through host transepithelium

description: A process in which a symbiont moves from one side of an epithelium to the other within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


establishment of B cell polarity

description: The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.


name: benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.


name: establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


name: positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


name: chlorophyllide-a:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide a(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-) = geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + diphosphoric acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 sucrose = D-glucose + 1F-beta-D-fructosylsucrose.


neuromedin U binding

description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.


regulation of testosterone secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


aeciospore formation

description: The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.


response to carbon starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of a carbon source.


name: 23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: positive regulation of seed dormancy process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


neuroblast fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


anaerobic benzoate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.


kanamycin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving kanamycin.


cell swimming

description: Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-hexose + acyl phosphate = D-hexose phosphate + an acid.


propylene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals.


name: positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


name: regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = capsidiol + 2 NADP + 2 H2O.


name: mating projection actin fusion focus assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an actin fusion focus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.


name: homoserine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding

description: Binding to S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


male pronuclear envelope synthesis

description: Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.


response to amyloid-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


quorum sensing

description: The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.


palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.


name: cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + depurinated DNA = ribose triphosphate + DNA.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.


K antigen biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylbutyronitrile + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP + 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyronitrile.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.


caprolactam metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.


membrane tubulation

description: A membrane organization process resulting in the formation of a tubular projection. This may face inwardly (as in tubular membrane invaginations) or outwardly (as in endosomal tubules).


adenylylselenate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate.


description: The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin = H+ + betanin + UDP.


name: tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


reuteran metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


trimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.


name: ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).


macrophomate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: queuosine34 in tRNA + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = H+ + O-5''-beta-D-galactosylqueuosine34 in tRNATyr + UDP. Substrates include tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Asp).


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonatoacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD = sulfonatoacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


bile-salt sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.


ecdysteroid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.


proteasome complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


name: cellular response to type III interferon

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


name: CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


name: positive regulation of phialide development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.


name: response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


name: chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.


name: cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination

description: The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


behavioral response to nutrient

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.


conjugant formation

description: During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


phosphagen catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


name: regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.


name: plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

description: The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


glucosamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


2-oxoadipate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + H+ + NADH.


medulla oblongata maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


name: negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


name: positive regulation of flower development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


name: cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


regulation of apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.


viral genome integration into host DNA

description: The insertion into a host genome of viral DNA, usually by the action of an integrase enzyme. Once integrated, the provirus persists in the host cell and serves as a template for the transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome, leading to the production of new viruses.


diaphragm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.


cinnamic acid ester metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


name: positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


conidium formation

description: The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


name: regulation of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.


tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.


fumonisin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.


name: deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.


luteolin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


name: regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.


biotin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.


primary metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


name: positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


cellular response to chlorate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


styrene-oxide isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.


bacterial-type flagellum assembly

description: The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


name: membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

description: The process in which AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


mitochondrion inheritance

description: The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.


name: acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


name: exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress

description: The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.


positive regulation of lactation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


name: indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


name: positive regulation of membrane permeability

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


insulin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


macrophage migration

description: The orderly movement of a macrophage from one site to another.


regulation of platelet formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.


(S)-cheilanthifoline synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (S)-cheilanthifoline + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.


intermediate mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


name: 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-deoxyloganetate = H+ + 7-deoxyloganate + UDP.


pyoverdine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.


hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.


L-galactonolactone oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2 + H+.


toxin export channel activity

description: Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


name: single-celled organism vegetative growth phase

description: A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.


spore-bearing structure development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


name: positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


response to L-cysteine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.


name: maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

description: Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


name: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADPH.


4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.


name: cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


name: intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.


violaceol I metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.


squalene cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.


name: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.


RNA binding

description: Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O + NAD+.


alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.


name: viral budding from endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host ER membrane.


violaceol II metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.


protein localization to chloroplast

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.


translation reinitiation

description: A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by interfering with its normal execution. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


formimidoylaspartate deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.


name: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


name: negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


mature follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.


amylopectin maltohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + an exposed unphosphorylated, unbranched malto-oligosaccharide tail on amylopectin = amylopectin + maltose.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of omega-hydroxyceramide/acylceramide.


6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.


name: rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.


name: regulation of sinapate ester biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sinapate ester biosynthesis.


glucose catabolic process to butyrate

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 2-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


PR-toxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of PR-toxin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene belonging to the eremophilane class and acting as a mycotoxin.


glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.


aminobenzoate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2.


bacteriochlorophyll c binding

description: Binding to bacteriochlorophyll c, a chlorophyll of photosynthetic bacteria, for example green sulfur bacteria.


homocitrate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + homocitrate.


ubiquinone-6 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = O-sinapoylcholine + D-glucose.


1-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 1-phenanthrylsulfate.


tryptophan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.


ammelide aminohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + NH3.


histone H2B ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2B substrate.


cellotriose binding

description: Binding to cellotriose.


fat cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.


name: proteinogenic amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that is incorporated into protein naturally by ribosomal translation of mRNA, and that has a specific codon for translation from mRNA to protein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate.


estrus

description: The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.


photosynthesis, dark reaction

description: A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.


indolin-2-one monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


name: symbiont-mediated cell-to-cell migration in host

description: The directional movement of a symbiont from one host cell to another.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


thrombocyte activation

description: A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine

description: The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.


name: protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the actomyosin contractile ring.


cuneatus tract morphogenesis

description: Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide.


response to trehalose

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


tricarboxylic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


cellular component organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via disruption of host cell glycocalyx

description: The disruption by a symbiont of host cell capsule to allow entry into the host cell.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


nylon metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


cis-zeatin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


beta-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


name: positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


name: structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


centrolateral axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.


meiotic telophase I

description: The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


central B cell positive selection

description: Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH4 = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


fructose 5-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + keto-D-fructose = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + a ubiquinol.


trimming of first mannose on A branch

description: The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: steviolmonoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rubusoside + UDP + H+.


name: arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-threonine autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


lipid A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


histone H3K4 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


name: (+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


delta24(24-1) sterol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H+ + NADPH.


small intestinal transit

description: Migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


name: regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


name: high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


name: negative regulation of iridophore differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


name: positive regulation of negative chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mesonephric collecting duct development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.


name: negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


phage shock

description: A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


name: positive regulation of platelet aggregation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


name: deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.


name: imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


conidiophore development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


1-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.


name: cellular response to copper ion starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.


name: positive regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


ITP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + H+ + diphosphate.


name: (deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dGTP as phosphate donor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dGTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dGDP.


name: arachidonic acid 8,9-epoxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


glucuronoxylan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


2-aminoadipate transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2-aminoadipate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate.


name: negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


name: regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.


name: protein-glutathione oxidoreductase (glutathione) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionylated protein (PSSG) + glutathione (GSH) = protein-thiol (PSH) + glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The reaction may proceed via a 'monothiol' or 'dithiol' mechanism.


styrene monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.


thermotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage

description: The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.


licheninase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


modification of synaptic structure

description: Any process that modifies the structure/morphology of a synapse.


name: anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

description: The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


name: positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


name: negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


3-cyanoalanine hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H2O + H+.


cystine reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + H+ + NADH.


name: negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


iron chaperone activity

description: Directly binding to and delivering iron ions to a target protein.


jasmonic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


4-hydroxyproline epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.


linear primary-alkylsulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a primary linear alkyl sulfate ester + H2O = a primary alcohol + H+ + sulfate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+ + phosphate.


response to astaxanthin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


name: cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


name: 3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.


name: symbiont-mediated arrest of host cell cycle during G2/M transition

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with the progression of the host mitotic cell cycle from G2 phase to M phase, leading to arrest in G2 phase. The arrest in G2/M allows some viruses to replicate their genome before cells enter mitosis. Alternatively, it can inhibit the antiviral immune response by preventing the clonal expansion of infected lymphocytes.


name: RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile

description: Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.


name: D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.


chenodeoxycholic acid binding

description: Binding to chenodeoxycholic acid.


NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

description: The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


name: p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


foraging behavior by probing substrate

description: Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.


name: negative regulation of anterior head development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


CDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


name: wobble position guanine ribose methylation

description: The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


name: peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


(1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

description: The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


name: modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


detection of osmotic stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


neuroblast fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


fetal process involved in parturition

description: A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


name: negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.


name: galactose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


organelle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


phagosome reneutralization

description: Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


name: viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


name: conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA

description: The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


DNA ADP-ribosylation

description: The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


mitochondrial protein quality control

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the mitochondrion, which are targeted for degradation.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of recognition by host pattern recognition receptor

description: A process by which a symbiont avoids recognition by host's innate immune response by altering or concealing a conserved molecule recognized by the host's cell surface and intracellular pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like and NOD-like receptors. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry

description: The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.