tyloxapol

A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.


sideroblastic anemia

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A group of rare heterogeneous inherited or acquired bone marrow disorders, isolated or part of a syndrome, characterized by decreased hemoglobin synthesis, because of defective use of iron (although plasmatic iron levels may be normal or elevated) and the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow due to the pathologic iron overload in mitochondria as visualized by Perls' staining. The group encompasses (idiopathic) acquired sideroblastic anemia and constitutional sideroblastic anemias. The latter include syndromic sideroblastic anemias such as Pearson syndrome, mitochondrial mypathy and sideroblastic anemias, x-linked sideroblastic anemia-ataxia, thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome and nonsyndromic sideroblastic anemias comprising x-linked and autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemias.


name: apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by apolipoprotein A-I binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Abnormality of thyroid physiology

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An abnormal functionality of the thyroid gland.


urinary bladder development

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


name: 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


DNA polymerase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.


Fetal bradycardia

description: A fetal heart rate below 110 bpm that is sustained for longer than 10 minutes.


regulation of transcription by glucose

description: Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.


immunoglobulin receptor binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.


Hypercholesterolemia

description: A laboratory test result indicating an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood.


name: positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.


name: intracellularly cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


name: creatine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


mu-type opioid receptor binding

description: Binding to a mu-type opioid receptor.


name: regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: signal recognition particle receptor complex

description: A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.


name: negative regulation of receptor recycling

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.


positive regulation of ERAD pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.


desmosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a desmosome. A desmosome is a patch-like intercellular junction found in vertebrate tissues, consisting of parallel zones of two cell membranes, separated by an space of 25-35 nm, and having dense fibrillar plaques in the subjacent cytoplasm.


name: molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


name: mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole

description: The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.


Phantom Limb Syndrome

description: Paresthesia or discomfort experienced post-amputation.


C-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


palatine uvula

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers.


name: negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


lactose synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.


name: cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


corticospinal tract morphogenesis

description: Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.


name: principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Subconjunctival hemorrhage

description: Bleeding beneath the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid.


regulation of cholesterol efflux

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


collagen-activated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: response to corticotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


name: peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex

description: The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.


name: regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


mast cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


name: regulation of neuromuscular junction development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular junction development.


ESCRT complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an ESCRT complex into its constituent components.


chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.


High-frequency hearing impairment

description: A type of hearing impairment affecting primarily the higher frequencies of sound (3,000 to 6,000 Hz).


positive regulation of RNA splicing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


protein targeting to lysosome

description: The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.


DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.


name: positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein particle receptors.


alpha-ketoglutarate transport

description: The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of prostatic bud formation

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


protein nucleotidylation

description: The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


regulatory T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.


name: positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+.


pertussis

description: A contagious bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe and uncontrollable cough, resulting in a whooping sound during breathing following the cough.


indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


spinal nerve

description: The any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified].


name: regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


trophectodermal cell proliferation

description: The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.


nerve growth factor processing

description: The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor.


amyloidosis

description: A disorder characterized by the localized or diffuse accumulation of amyloid protein in various anatomic sites. It may be primary, due to clonal plasma cell proliferations; secondary, due to long standing infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, or malignancies; or familial. It may affect the nerves, skin, tongue, joints, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands.


name: protein maturation by copper ion transfer

description: A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.


polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

description: A ventricular tachycardia that is irregular in rate and rhythm.


interleukin-12 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-12 receptor.


name: spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


eyelash

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any of the hairs that grow at the edge of the upper or lower eyelid.


positive regulation of pinocytosis

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.


name: cyclic nucleotide-activated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

description: X-linked lymphoproliferative disease is a hereditary immunodeficiency characterized, in the majority of cases, by an inadequate immune response to infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).


name: negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

description: Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.


renal tubule disorder

description: A disease that involves the renal tubule.


response to insecticide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.


name: negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


name: branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


mitochondrial RNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide

description: The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.


pH elevation

description: Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


epithelial fluid transport

description: The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on the Fc-gamma receptor I complex. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


transforming growth factor beta binding

description: Binding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.


mRNA 3'-splice site recognition

description: Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.


protein-containing complex remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


name: cilium movement involved in cell motility

description: Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell.


DNA translocase activity

description: Generation of movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Wnt receptor activity

description: Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.


Physical addiction

description: The neuroadaptation of the body to the presence of an opioid, and is characterized by the onset of acute symptoms and signs of withdrawal if the opioid is stopped or an opioid antagonist is administered.


name: regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


stomach disorder

description: A disease involving the stomach.


cGMP-mediated signaling

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


morphogenesis of an epithelial bud

description: The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.


proximal dendrite

description: The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is closest to the neuronal cell body (the soma).


retromer complex

description: A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.


name: negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


plasma cell myeloma

description: A bone marrow-based plasma cell neoplasm characterized by a serum monoclonal protein and skeletal destruction with osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and anemia. Clinical variants include non-secretory myeloma, smoldering myeloma, indolent myeloma, and plasma cell leukemia. (WHO, 2001)


erythrocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


L-tyrosine

An optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

description: Inability of the exocrine pancreas to produce and secrete an adequate amount of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Patients present with symptoms of malabsorption syndrome, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. Causes include chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders.


dacarbazine

A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.


lactate transport

description: The directed movement of lactate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


autophagosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.


acrosome assembly

description: The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.


name: dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


male meiosis chromosome segregation

description: The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.


name: early endosome to late endosome transport

description: The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.


name: regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


endothelial cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


name: spindle assembly involved in female meiosis

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


artery smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.


name: intracellular transport of viral protein in host cell

description: The directed movement of a viral protein within the host cell.


striated muscle cell apoptotic process

description: A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.


parathyroid gland disorder

description: A disease involving the parathyroid gland.


L-valine

The L-enantiomer of valine.


ATP-dependent peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


membrane repolarization

description: The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


regulation of response to food

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage

description: The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.


dynein light intermediate chain binding

description: Binding to a light intermediate chain of the dynein complex.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


activation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C.


name: mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex

description: Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.


interleukin-1 binding

description: Binding to interleukin-1.


piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus

description: Degradation of a cell nucleus by microautophagy.


guanadrel

A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).


Toll-like receptor 2 binding

description: Binding to a Toll-like 2 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.


viomycin

A cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces puniceus, used in the treatment of tuberculosis.


cardiac conduction system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


response to protozoan

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


chemokine binding

description: Binding to a chemokine. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


maturation of LSU-rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.


eperisone

A racemate that is an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-eperisone. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a muscle relaxant for the symptomatic treatment of muscle spasm and spasticity.


name: positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the production of a cytokine that contributes to the immune response.


methionine adenosyltransferase complex

description: A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.


name: positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


D-amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


high-density lipoprotein particle

description: A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.


female meiosis chromosome segregation

description: The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female.


blepharoconjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of both the eyelids and the conjunctiva.


positive regulation of receptor binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


diterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


name: cAMP response element binding protein binding

description: Binding to a cAMP response element binding protein (a CREB protein).


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-6 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


RNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


Tachyarrhythmia

description: A disorder characterized by an arrhythmia with an above normal rate.


The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.


L-histidine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


dorsal/ventral axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


phenylketonuria

description: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism and is characterized by mild to severe mental disability in untreated patients.


response to bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


tetralogy of fallot

description: Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of an interventricular communication, also known as a ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and right ventricular hypertrophy.


regulation of translational termination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.


name: positive regulation of phospholipid transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


Hemorrhagic gastritis

description: Inflammation of the stomach resulting in bleeding.


positive regulation of mucus secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland

description: The narrow subcapsular outer zone of the adrenal cortex where aldosterone is produced.


phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


keratopathy

description: Any disorder of the cornea.


livedo reticularis

description: A condition characterized by a reticular or fishnet pattern on the skin of lower extremities and other parts of the body. This red and blue pattern is due to deoxygenated blood in unstable dermal blood vessels. The condition is intensified by cold exposure and relieved by rewarming.


fungiform papilla morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


name: purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


name: regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


septum digestion after cytokinesis

description: The process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


name: negative regulation of protein polyubiquitination

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.


name: 5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


doxorubicin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.


name: positive regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: Any process that activates, or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


description: Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


name: mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy

description: The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized as a part of pregnancy.


membrane raft distribution

description: The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.


name: detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


gap junction

description: A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins.


regulation of oocyte maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


Respiratory tract hemorrhage

description: Bleeding originating from any part of the respiratory tract.


retinoic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


paraaortic body

description: A chromaffin paraganglion located at the bifurcation of the aorta or at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery.


protein-membrane adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a membrane, or bringing together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the protein, protein complex or organelle.


regulation of cortisol secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


proteasome storage granule

description: An aggregation of proteasome core protease (CP) and regulatory particle (RP) complexes that localizes in the cytoplasm as dot-like structures when cells are in a quiescent state.


stabilization of membrane potential

description: The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


macromolecule depalmitoylation

description: The removal of palymitoyl groups from a macromolecule.


Bladder Spasm

description: A sudden and involuntary contraction of the bladder wall.


name: phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase.


arylsulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phenol sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate.


albinism

description: A congenital disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, hair, or skin.


outer ear morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.


metastatic prostate carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the prostate gland and has spread to other anatomic sites.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


Tip-toe gait

description: An abnormal gait pattern characterized by the failure of the heel to contact the floor at the onset of stance during gait.


nasal cavity

description: An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present.


name: calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.


Globus Hystericus

description: Persistent or intermittent non-painful sensation of a lump or foreign body in the throat occurring between meals in the absence of dysphagia, odynophagia, evidence of gastroesophageal acid reflux, or histopathogically based esophageal motility disorders.


name: organism emergence from protective structure

description: The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.


name: regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


name: regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.


melancholia

description: A subtype of depression characterized by the inability to find pleasure in positive things combined with physical agitation, insomnia, or decreased appetite.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.


name: positive regulation of deacetylase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


name: positive regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.


name: negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.


name: negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.


integrin alphaL-beta2 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphaL subunit and one beta2 subunit.


name: regulation of protein homooligomerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.


name: ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


ectodermal cell fate commitment

description: The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.


name: positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.


tau protein binding

description: Binding to tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


thyroid tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland.


adenine transport

description: The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


negative regulation of circadian rhythm

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


fructose binding

description: Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.


name: nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information.


name: positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


Limb injury

description: Trauma to an arm or leg.


neuron cellular homeostasis

description: The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.


malignant hypertension

description: Severe hypertension that is characterized by rapid onset of extremely high blood pressure.


description: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin that covers and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV). By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but itrarelycauses symptoms unless the immune system becomes severely weakened.The disease occurs, rarely, in organ transplant patients; people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer, such as Hodgkins disease, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis. PML is most common among individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).


lens fiber cell morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


meiotic metaphase chromosome alignment

description: A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during meiotic chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.


IMP salvage

description: Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


optic nerve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


bone neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm involving the bone or articular cartilage.


Swr1 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.


semicircular canal

description: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP].


Abnormality of the dentition

description: Any abnormality of the teeth.


terminal web

description: An actin-rich cytoskeletal network located beneath the microvilli of the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. In addition to actin filaments, the terminal web may contain actin-binding proteins, myosin motor proteins, and intermediate filaments. The terminal web can function as a contractile structure that influences the spatial distribution of microvilli as well as the development and morphogenesis of tissues containing polarized epithelial cells.


name: positive regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


name: positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.


positive T cell selection

description: The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


renal vesicle induction

description: Signaling at short range between cells of the ureteric bud terminus and the kidney mesenchyme that positively regulates the formation of the renal vesicle.


name: positive regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.


oral mucosa leukoplakia

description: A white patch or plaque on the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. The diagnosis of leukoplakia is one of exclusion; other conditions such as candidiasis, lichen planus, leukoedema, etc., must be ruled out before a diagnosis of leukoplakia can be made. Leukoplakia may be a premalignant condition.


Brugada syndrome

description: A genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by complete or incomplete right bundle branch block accompanied by ST elevation in leads V1-V3. There is a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmia that may result in sudden death.


ventral pancreatic duct

description: A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.


mesenchyme migration

description: The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesenchyme undergo directed movement.


L-arabinose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc.


name: positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


name: regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


muscle cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


cytidine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


TPR domain binding

description: Binding to a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


name: regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.


neurofilament cytoskeleton

description: Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.


name: positive regulation of oocyte development

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.


name: regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.


establishment of skin barrier

description: Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.


Difficulty walking

description: Reduced ability to walk (ambulate).


female infertility

description: Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.


forebrain morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


name: toxin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a toxin from one side of a membrane to the other. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


delta DNA polymerase complex

description: A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


name: pattern specification involved in metanephros development

description: Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


name: negative regulation of neutrophil activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil activation.


name: protein histidyl modification to diphthamide

description: The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor EF-2. The process occurs in eukaryotes and archaea but not eubacteria.


response to water deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


name: regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


RNA polymerase I activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


name: rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.


nerve growth factor production

description: The appearance of nerve growth factor (NGF) due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


telomerase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of telomerase.


response to antipsychotic drug

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.


name: positive regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


name: positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of hormone metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


phosphatidyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.


muscular septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


inosine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


nuclear exosome (RNase complex)

description: A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive and distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


name: regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


glutamine synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + NH4+ = ADP + H+ + L-glutamine + phosphate.


name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


immune system

description: Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.


name: vitamin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


name: locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

description: Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


name: regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


fetal growth restriction

description: A fetus that does not grow beyond the 10th percentile of conventionally accepted weight for gestational age.


name: positive regulation of actin filament-based movement

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


name: negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.


name: negative regulation of mitotic recombination

description: Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis.


Epilepsy aggravated

description: An increase in the duration or intensity of epileptic symptoms in the setting of chronic epilepsy.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


name: positive regulation of podosome assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.


membrane fission

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes.


osteoblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


beta-2-microglobulin binding

description: Binding to beta-2-microglobulin.


corticospinal tract

description: The corticospinal fibers that arise from the pyramidal cells within the cerebral cortex layer V of the precentral motor area, the premotor area and the postcentral gyrus, then descend into and through the medulla to form the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


name: ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration and is sensitive to the plant alkaloid ryanodine.


name: Blood bicarbonate level decreased below normal


name: regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


name: SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte.


tricarboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of tricarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


myeloproliferative neoplasm

description: A clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by proliferation in the bone marrow of one or more of the myeloid (i.e., granulocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mast cell) lineages. It is primarily a neoplasm of adults. (WHO 2008)


name: positive regulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

description: Inflammation of the glomeruli that is characterized by a rapid loss in renal function with glomerular crescent formation observed on biopsy; it is often seen in patients with concomitant autoimmune disease, like Goodpasture's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.


signal peptide processing

description: The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.


name: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.


hip

description: The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified].


fibrinogen binding

description: Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.


protein insertion into ER membrane

description: The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.


siRNA binding

description: Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


olfactory behavior

description: The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.


voltage-gated sodium channel complex

description: A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.


Self-injurious behavior

description: Self-aggression.


NELF complex

description: A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.


organelle membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between the membranes of an organelle with another membrane, either another membrane of the same organelle, a membrane of another organelle, or the plasma membrane. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are structured by bridging complexes. They are specialized for communication, including the efficient traffic of small molecules such as Ca2+ ions and lipids, as well as enzyme-substrate interactions.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium

description: The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


intercostal muscle

description: The respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib.


myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.


name: dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

description: The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


Physical Assault

category: biolink:Behavior biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: cell wall macromolecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.


enteric nervous system

description: The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation[GO].


interleukin-6 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N7-methylguanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

description: A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


heterochromatin formation

description: An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation.


serotonin receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


name: regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


succinate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


BRCA1-A complex

description: A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.


meiotic sister chromatid segregation

description: The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.


myristoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


lactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


name: water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


placenta disorder

description: A disease involving the placenta.


protein C-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.


eustachian tube disorder

description: A disease involving the pharyngotympanic tube.


fructose transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of fructose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


name: blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels.


alanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


type IV hypersensitivity disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of type IV hypersensitivity.


DNA ligase (ATP) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


cervix erosion

description: Loss or destruction of the epithelial lining of the uterine cervix.


insulin autoimmune syndrome

description: Insulin autoimmune syndrome is a rare condition that causes low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This occurs because the body begins to make a specific kind of protein called antibodies to attack insulin. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone that is responsible for keeping blood sugar at a normal level. When blood sugar levels get too high, insulin helps to store the sugar for future use. People affected by insulin autoimmune syndrome have antibodies that attack insulin, causing it to work too hard and the level of blood sugar to become too low. Insulin autoimmune syndrome most often begins during adulthood.


V1A vasopressin receptor binding

description: Binding to a V1A vasopressin receptor.


name: positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


pentose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


follicular thyroid adenoma

description: A benign, encapsulated tumor, arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It may be associated with thyroid hormone secretion but it does not have malignant characteristics.


name: regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


lipid antigen binding

description: Binding to a lipid antigen.


name: regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


cellular response to pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

description: Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)


retrograde amnesia

description: The loss of access to memories that were previously encoded; this disorder is most commonly preceded by trauma, including physical brain injury, stroke, or seizure, but may also be psychogenic in origin. Memory loss may be temporary or permanent, but the ability to encode new memories or skills is not generally affected.


cellular response to nitrogen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


geranyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.


rhombomere 4 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


blood vessel maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.


ulnar artery

description: The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein or veins, the ulnar vein or ulnar veins. The ulnar artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial, begins a little below the bend of the elbow in the cubital fossa, and, passing obliquely downward, reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar border to the wrist, crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into two branches, which enter into the formation of the superficial and deep volar arches. [WP,unvetted].


name: negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


name: positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


name: ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


name: regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


response to hydrostatic pressure

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


intussusception

description: Telescoping or invagination of a part of the intestine into an adjacent segment.


arachidonic acid secretion

description: The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


ADP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


mitochondrion distribution

description: Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


single thymine insertion binding

description: Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single thymine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired thymine.


urolithiasis

description: Stone(s) within the urinary tract.


smooth muscle cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


name: positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


Disturbance in mood

description: A change in disposition or state of mind.


lipoprotein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


acetic acid

A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.


plasmacytoma

description: Plasmacytoma is a localized mass of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells that represents approximately 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. There are two separate entities: primary plasmacytoma of the bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma of the soft tissues. Of the extramedullary plasmacytomas, 80% occur in the head and neck, usually in the upper respiratory tract. The median age at diagnosis is 50 years and the male to female ratio is 3:1. Long-term survival is possible following local radiotherapy, particularly for soft tissue presentations.


positive thymic T cell selection

description: The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


ventricular zone neuroblast division

description: The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.


Steroid-induced myopathy

description: A non-neoplastic disorder affecting the skeletal muscles. It is caused by damage to muscle fibers either by excessive intake of corticosteroids (steroid treatment) or high levels of endogenous corticosteroids due to hormonal abnormalities. Patients usually present with weakness mainly in the proximal muscles of the upper and lower extremities and the neck flexors.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


thyroid hormone binding

description: Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


metanephric tubule formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


trioxsalen

7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.


HAUS complex

description: A protein complex that localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle tubules and regulates mitotic spindle assembly and centrosome integrity; in human, the complex consists of eight subunits, some of which are homologous to subunits of the Drosophila Augmin complex.


cerebellar cortex maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


name: negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


name: calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


pronephric nephron tubule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the mRNA 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript. Additional methylation can occur on the ribose sugars of the first and second nucleotides adjacent to the m7G nRNA cap. These methylations are often referred to as N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6,2A) and N6,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m6,2G), respectively.


germ cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.


name: regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


name: Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphocytic-histiocytic predominance

description: A subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma with scattered Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells and a nodular or less often diffuse cellular background consisting of small lymphocytes and with an absence of neutrophils and eosinophils. (WHO, 2008)


DUBm complex

description: A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.


vitamin A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.


name: tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

description: The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: neuronal stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.


name: positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


pulmonary emphysema

description: A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing.


ammonia ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the ligation of ammonia (NH3) to another substance via a carbon-nitrogen bond with concomitant breakage of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


intracellular triglyceride homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell.


alcohol withdrawal delirium

description: An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include confusion; delusions; vivid hallucinations; tremor; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)


sulfation

description: The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


response to potassium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


myeloid leukocyte cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.


intracellular pH elevation

description: Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


pole plasm

description: Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


dihydrofolate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


name: positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


glenohumeral joint

description: The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted].


name: temperature-gated cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


keratinocyte migration

description: The directed movement of a keratinocyte, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.


effusion

description: A collection of fluid in a body cavity, which may be the result of a non-neoplastic disorder (e.g. heart failure) or a tumor (e.g. carcinoma of the lung).


name: regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


fumarate reductase complex

description: A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).


fibrillar collagen trimer

description: Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.


lactate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which lactate is transported across a membrane. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


name: regulation of tau-protein kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.


endocardium formation

description: Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


name: positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


oxidative demethylation

description: The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.


name: negative regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


endoribonuclease complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of endoribonuclease activity.


protein-RNA complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.


Breakthrough pain

description: A episode of severe pain that breaks through (i.e., temporarily exacerbates) a period of persistent pain.


name: Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


Shock from electric current

description: A brief, unintentional exposure to an electric current, which may result in local tissue damage due to thermal injury or in a cardiac dysrhythmia.


name: protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at an endoplasmic reticulum exit site.


name: polyadenylation-dependent RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3'-end of the target RNA.