name: positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.


mitochondrial ribosome

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.


oligospermia

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Decreased number of spermatozoa in the semen.


name: positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


breast disorder

description: A disease involving the breast.


hypopituitarism

description: A condition of diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory pituitary neoplasms, metastatic tumors, infarction, pituitary apoplexy, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.


ethionamide

A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.


mRNA destabilization

description: Any process that decreases the stability of an mRNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes. Messenger RNA is the intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. It includes UTR and coding sequences. It does not contain introns.


T cell aggregation

description: The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.


glycolipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).


Rigidity

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.


name: regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


metal cluster binding

description: Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.


axon hillock

description: Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.


lacrimal gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.


name: regulation of the force of heart contraction

description: Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


name: negative regulation of dendrite development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.


name: purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


taste receptor activity

description: Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


name: indole-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


heterochromatin

description: A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin that is refractory to transcription.


peptidyl-arginine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-arginine.


peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

description: The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.


name: polyol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a polyol from one side of a membrane to the other. A polyol is any polyhydric alcohol.


name: negative regulation of hormone secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


organelle disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.


name: regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


cellular respiration

description: The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).


ceramide binding

description: Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.


granulocyte activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.


name: positive regulation of cholesterol transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of blood pressure

description: Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


regulation of fatty acid transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


sarcoplasmic reticulum

description: A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.


cardiac atrium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


Uterine hemorrhage

description: Bleeding originating from the uterus.


myofibril

description: The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


flunitrazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.


removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


regulation of developmental growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


benazepril

A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.


Vasospasm

description: Narrowing of an artery due to constriction of the blood vessels.


gastric ulcer

description: An ulcerated lesion in the mucosal surface of the stomach. It may progress to involve the deeper layers of the gastric wall.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


name: mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.


ampicillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.


hindbrain tangential cell migration

description: The migration of a cell in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.


regulation of viral transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.


bone growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone.


regulation of glucose import

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


cell-cell junction maintenance

description: The maintenance of junctions between cells.


name: peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

description: The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


transport along microtubule

description: The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity.


name: regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: establishment of protein localization to vacuole

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


erythrocyte homeostasis

description: Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.


neomycin

A broad-spectrum highly toxic antibiotic or mixture of antibiotics produced by a streptomyces (Streptomyces fradiae) and used medically especially to treat local infections.


amikacin

An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.


name: tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


Transaminitis

description: Abnormally high levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) in the blood.


hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.


chromosome segregation

description: The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.


ALCLOMETASONE

A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position and an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position.


desonide

Triamcinolone acetonide with hydrogen instead of the fluorine substituent at position 9. A corticosteroid anti-inflammatory, it is used topically as a cream, ointment or lotion for the treatment of various skin disorders.


Abdominal cramps

description: A type of abdominal pain characterized by a feeling of contractions and typically fluctuating in intensity.


regulation of hypersensitivity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


urate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


name: NADPH:quinone reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone.


amino sugar catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


mitochondrial tRNA modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


name: calcium ion export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of calcium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


eprazinone

A member of the class of piperazines in which the two amino hydrogens of piperazine are replaced by 2-benzoylpropyl and 2-ethoxy-2-phenylethyl groups.


caffeine

A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee.


axon ensheathment

description: Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.


Hypertonia

description: A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.


inorganic diphosphate transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


memantine

A primary aliphatic amine that is the 3,5-dimethyl derivative of 1-aminoadamantane. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.


Periorbital edema

description: Edema affecting the region situated around the orbit of the eye.


tryptophan transport

description: The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


clofazimine

3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of  multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.


name: negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


response to exogenous dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


name: intracellular receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.


bipolar I disorder

description: A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode.


tRNA wobble base modification

description: The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


cleavage furrow

description: The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.


digestion

description: The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


name: positive regulation of potassium ion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of interleukin-4 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.


Skin Discoloration

description: Abnormal skin coloration.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

description: The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.


gestational diabetes

description: Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy.


name: regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.


fungal infectious disease

description: An infection caused by a fungus.


hepatic coma

description: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with liver failure, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and confusion (frequently progressing to coma); asterixis; nystagmus, pathologic; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; muscle spasticity; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see reflex, babinski). electroencephalography may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)


name: protein C-terminal carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of a carboxyl group at the C-terminal of a protein.


vertebral column

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO].


actin filament capping

description: The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


succinylcholine

A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.


name: blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation

description: A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.


ATPase binding

description: Binding to an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.


nBAF complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that is found in post-mitotic neurons, and in human contains actin and proteins encoded by the ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B genes. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth.


sterol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex

description: A box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex located in the nucleolus that catalyzes pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA residues. The complex is composed of four different core proteins that assemble onto a H/ACA guide RNA scaffold that identifies specific uridines in rRNA for modification during ribosome synthesis.


chloroxine

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 have been substituted by chlorine. A synthetic antibacterial prepared by chlorination of quinolin-8-ol, it is used for the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp.


negative regulation of JNK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


name: central nervous system neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.


male genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


triamterene

Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.


cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis

description: A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.


name: cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue and the base is a purine.


name: positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


site of polarized growth

description: Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.


hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.


phosphoric diester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester to give a phosphomonoester and a free hydroxyl group.


brompheniramine

Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


trilostane

An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.


triclosan

An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.


forebrain neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


lymphedema

description: Excess fluid collection in tissues, causing swelling. It is the result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes.


retinal rod cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.


astrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


diaphragm contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


name: negative regulation of immune system process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


name: regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.


name: sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase

description: A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.


otitis externa

description: Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the outer ear and ear canal secondary to an infectious process. Bacterial etiology is most common, but fungal infection is also possible. Symptoms include erythema, edema, and pain.


rheumatic disorder

description: Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of connective tissue structures, such as arthritis.


protein trimerization

description: The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


name: negative regulation of embryonic development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


common carotid artery plus branches

description: A bilaterally paired branched artery that originates from the aortic arches and divides into and includes as parts the internal and external carotid arteries[cjm].


hematologic disorder

description: A disease involving the hematopoietic system.


dorsal/ventral axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


name: regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


muscle cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.


endochondral ossification

description: Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


spermatid development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H+.


kidney epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


tissue remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.


name: macrophage activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


necrotizing vasculitis

description: A type of vasculitis that is comprised of vasculitides that present with necrosis.


name: regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


name: regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion

description: Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.


pulmonary artery

description: An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood..


INO80-type complex

description: A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.


perinuclear theca

description: A condensed cytoplasmic structure that covers the nucleus of mammalian spermatozoa except for a narrow zone around the insertion of the tail. It shows two distinct regions, a subacrosomal layer and, continuing caudally beyond the acrosomic system, the postacrosomal sheath. The perinuclear theca has been considered a cytoskeletal scaffold responsible for maintaining the overall architecture of the mature sperm head; however, recent studies indicate that the bulk of its constituent proteins are not traditional cytoskeletal proteins but rather a variety of cytosolic proteins.


name: negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


embryonic hemopoiesis

description: The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.


phagocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.


cAMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


name: negative regulation of defense response to bacterium

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


name: biological process involved in interaction with host

description: An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


mianserin

A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.


prochlorperazine

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


innate immune response in mucosa

description: Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.


name: regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


multi-multicellular organism process

description: A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.


diflorasone

The 16beta-analogue of flumethasone. It is used as the 17,21-diacetate as a topical anti-inflammatory and antipruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders.


acneiform dermatitis

description: Cutaneous eruptions resembling acne, characterized by the presence of papulonodules, pustules, comedones, or cysts in the face, trunk, and extremities. Causes include infections and the use of certain medications (e.g., antibiotics and steroids).


peristalsis

description: A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.


Delusion of persecution

description: False beliefs or perceptions in which a person believes that they are being treated with malicious intent, hostility, or harassment - despite significant evidence to suggest otherwise.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


multivesicular body

description: A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


nebivolol

A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a  6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.


endothelial cell development

description: The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


prepulse inhibition

description: The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


name: regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


I band

description: A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.


skin epidermis development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lactam metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactams, any cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


name: humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

description: An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


ciclopirox

A cyclic hydroxamic acid that is 1-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6 are substituted by methyl and cyclohexyl groups, respectively. A broad spectrum antigfungal agent, it also exhibits antibacterial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is used a a topical treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.


Periungual erythema

description: Erythema (redness of the skin caused by hyperemia in superficial capillaries) in the region surrounding a fingernail or toe nail.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-4 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.


vismodegib

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoic acid and the anilino group of 4-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)aniline. Used for the treatment metastatic basal cell carcinoma.


protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


name: positive regulation of amine metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.


diazoxide

A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.


Tourette syndrome

description: A neurologic disorder caused by defective metabolism of the neurotransmitters in the brain. It is characterized by repeated involuntary movements (motor tics) and uncontrollable vocal sounds (vocal tics). The symptoms are usually manifested before the age of eighteen.


hyperreflexia

description: An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.


SNARE binding

description: Binding to a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attached protein receptor) protein.


voltage-gated potassium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.


protein targeting to membrane

description: The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


delirium

description: A disorder characterized by confusion; inattentiveness; disorientation; illusions; hallucinations; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)


protease binding

description: Binding to a protease or a peptidase.


dynactin binding

description: Binding to a dynactin complex; a large protein complex that activates dynein-based motor activity.


neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.


glycogen biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.


sodium ion transport

description: The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


postsynaptic density

description: An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


name: regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


immunological synapse formation

description: The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


name: regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication, the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


ethambutol

An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.


cranial nerve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


name: inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.


pivampicillin

A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.


Liver damage

description: Disruption of hepatocyte function due to liver injury.


placenta blood vessel development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of membrane repolarization

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.


actin filament bundle

description: An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


fallopian tube cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the fallopian tube. Representative examples include carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


acrosin binding

description: Binding to acrosin, a protein that is found in the acrosomes of sperm and possesses protease and carbohydrate binding activities.


nuclear telomere cap complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


MICOS complex

description: Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.


name: negative regulation of response to wounding

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.


regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


neural crest cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


vesicle targeting

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic cation through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


uracil metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


Small bowel obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of the small intestinal contents.


Impaired glucose tolerance

description: An abnormal resistance to glucose, i.e., a reduction in the ability to maintain glucose levels in the blood stream within normal limits following oral or intravenous administration of glucose.


name: regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


spongiotrophoblast layer development

description: The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.


guanyl nucleotide binding

description: Binding to a guanyl nucleotide, consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


DNA ligation

description: The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.


cell-matrix adhesion

description: The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


regulation of GTP binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


name: regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


name: regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.


signaling receptor activator activity

description: The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


primary biliary cholangitis

description: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic and slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology characterized by injury of the intrahepatic bile ducts that may eventually lead to liver failure.


leukocyte proliferation

description: The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.


RNA splicing

description: The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


pulmonary embolism

description: The obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus, sometimes associated with infarction of the lung.


panic disorder

description: An anxiety disorder characterized by multiple unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern of recurring attacks. Panic disorder may or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia.


name: DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

description: A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


regulation of ERAD pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.


triglyceride biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


peptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


animal organ formation

description: The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.


diroleuton

An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.


liver development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.


neurofilament

description: A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.


carbimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.


lateral loop

description: Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.


name: G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


abiraterone

A 3beta-sterol that is androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol substituted at position 17 by a 3-pyridyl group. Administered as the O-acetate, it is used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.


name: mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


name: negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


name: glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


stem cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


pioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.


name: double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

description: SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.


name: positive regulation of glomerulus development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Multiple Gestation

description: A pregnancy involving twins or higher-order multiple fetuses (e.g., triplets, quadruplets).


orchitis

description: Inflammation of one or both testes due to viral or bacterial infections. Signs and symptoms include enlargement or tenderness of the affected testis, inguinal lymphadenopathy, blood in the semen, and pain during urination, intercourse, or ejaculation.


name: negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


14-3-3 protein binding

description: Binding to a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxy-terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.


name: positive regulation of inflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


lactic acidosis

description: Metabolic acidosis characterized by the accumulation of lactate in the body. It is caused by tissue hypoxia.


name: positive regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


regulation of receptor binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


cyclic nucleotide binding

description: Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


acetylcholine-gated channel complex

description: A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.


tranylcypromine

A member of the class of cyclopropanes carrying amino and phenyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 respectively.


Hypertensive crisis

description: A severe, acute increase in blood pressure that may result in stroke or myocardial ischemia.


Hyperesthesia

description: Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses, which may refer to various modes of cutaneous sensibility including touch and thermal sensation without pain, as well as to pain.


name: regulation of sensory perception of pain

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


name: regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


name: purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-23 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.


name: positive regulation of monocyte aggregation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


epiboly involved in wound healing

description: The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in wound healing.


U12-type spliceosomal complex

description: Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron; the series of U12-type spliceosomal complexes is involved in the splicing of the majority of introns that contain atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.


name: regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


folic acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation.


hair cycle

description: The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


calcium ion import into cytosol

description: The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.


Peyer's patch development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


name: negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.


name: regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


TAP2 binding

description: Binding to the TAP2 subunit of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) protein.


nucleotide receptor activity

description: Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.


autoimmune disease

description: A disorder resulting from loss of function or tissue destruction of an organ or multiple organs, arising from humoral or cellular immune responses of the individual to their own tissue constituents. It may be systemic (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), or organ specific, (e.g., thyroiditis).


name: intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

description: Cessation of air flow during sleep due to upper airway obstruction.


Dysmenorrhea

description: Pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities.


contact inhibition

description: The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.


regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 3'-end.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.


Rectal Pain

description: Pain in the rectal area.


name: receptor serine/threonine kinase binding

description: Binding to a receptor that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


signal complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.


fatty acid oxidation

description: The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.


name: proton transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a proton from one side of a membrane to the other.


diencephalon development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


name: regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


regulation of osteoblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


name: positive regulation of B cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


protein carboxylation

description: The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


name: TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex

description: A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


iopamidol

A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.


protein-folding chaperone binding

description: Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.


sulfur compound binding

description: Binding to a sulfur compound.


organ growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.


name: mitochondrion transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


regulation of lipid kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


name: non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette characterized by the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-kappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-kappaB (p52). The non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling pathway is generally activated by ligands of the TNF receptor superfamily, including lymphotoxin beta (LTB), CD40, OX40, RANK, TWEAK and B cell-activating factor (BAFF).


dexbrompheniramine

The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


glycolipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).


sugar-terminal-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.


name: brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


heart formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


Psychological Dependence

description: A behavioral pattern characterized by a craving for the mood-altering effects of a drug and an overwhelming preoccupation with obtaining and using the drug.


toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 9.


aggresome

description: An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sensorineural hearing loss disorder

description: Hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the inner ear or sensory organ (cochlea and associated structures) or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).


name: negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


thrombocytopenic purpura

description: Purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors.


name: negative regulation of cellular glucuronidation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation.


doxapram

A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.


cranial nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


dyphylline

An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.


contractile muscle fiber

description: Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


cellular lipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


chlorprothixene

A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.


name: regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


GABAergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron.


regulation of T cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.


Anasarca

description: An extreme form of generalized edema with widespread and massive edema due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space.


name: regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: positive regulation of protein localization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein localization.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.


negative regulation of translation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.


name: regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


abdominal aorta

description: Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted].


Decreased glomerular filtration rate

description: An abnormal reduction in the volume of fluid filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time.


B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


name: presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission

description: The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission.


structural constituent of eye lens

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.


alditol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized.


mitotic spindle

description: A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.


name: positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin transferase activity.


name: cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.


intramembranous ossification

description: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


protein-containing complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components.


name: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


IkappaB kinase complex

description: A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


hippocampus development

description: The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


rRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


azlocillin

A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


centriole assembly

description: A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles.


COPI-coated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.


ERAD pathway

description: The protein catabolic pathway which targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. It begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.


peroxisomal membrane transport

description: The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane.


DNA damage checkpoint signaling

description: A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA damage checkpoint.


costamere

description: Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.


alpha-methyltyrosine

An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.


lipomatosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by diffuse overgrowth of mature adipose tissue.


peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


name: regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


carbon-carbon lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


gout

description: A condition characterized by painful swelling of the joints, which is caused by deposition of urate crystals.


protein phosphatase binding

description: Binding to a protein phosphatase.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-1 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.


name: cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

description: The physiological enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


regulation of metanephros development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of metanephros development. Metanephros development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).


name: positive regulation of type 2 immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


name: negative regulation of cell morphogenesis

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


hepatitis B virus infection

description: A viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus.


thyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.


regulation of heart growth

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


retina layer formation

description: The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


cell surface furrow

description: A furrow that may be found on the cell surface. Examples include the cingulum and sulcus found in some dinoflagellates.


cleft lip

description: A congenital abnormality consisting of one or more clefts (splits) in the upper lip, which may be accompanied by a cleft palate; it is the result of the failure of the embryonic parts of the lip to fuse.


buspirone

An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


cellular response to ethanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


name: protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.


cornea development in camera-type eye

description: The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.


mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly

description: The mitotic cell cycle process in which the controlled partial or complete breakdown of the nuclear membranes during occurs during mitosis.


name: hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.


angular cheilitis

description: Inflammation of the skin at the corners of the mouth characterized by redness, fissures or crusts.


intracellular iron ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron ions within a cell.


regulation of glucokinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.


Hepatic necrosis

description: The presence of cell death (necrosis) affecting the liver.


thiolester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RCO-SR' + H2O = RCOOH + HSR'. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a thiolester bond, an ester formed from a carboxylic acid and a thiol (i.e., RCO-SR'), such as that found in acetyl-coenzyme A.


response to monoamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


store-operated calcium entry

description: A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


chloroquine

An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.


name: regulation of response to nutrient levels

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.


chickenpox

description: A contagious childhood disorder caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted via respiratory secretions and contact with chickenpox blister contents. It presents with a vesicular skin rash, usually associated with fever, headache, and myalgias. The pruritic fluid-filled vesicles occur 10-21 days after exposure and last for 3-4 days. An additional 3-4 days of malaise follows before the affected individual feels better. An individual is contagious 1-2 days prior to the appearance of the blisters until all blisters are crusted over. Generally, healthy individuals recover without complications.


name: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


name: positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.


single fertilization

description: The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.


name: Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


name: negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


ovulation cycle process

description: A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


protein localization to nucleus

description: A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.


leflunomide

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.


regulation of immunoglobulin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


name: protein phosphorylated amino acid binding

description: Binding to a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.


peroxisome

description: A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.


name: positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


B cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


Crohn disease

description: A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic inflammation involving all layers of the intestinal wall, noncaseating granulomas affecting the intestinal wall and regional lymph nodes, and transmural fibrosis. Crohn disease most commonly involves the terminal ileum; the colon is the second most common site of involvement.


name: regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


regulation of mast cell degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.


L-lactate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.


finasteride

An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


propranolol

A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.


regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.


small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains at least one RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and as well as its associated proteins. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP, U4/U6 snRNP, or 7SK snRNP. Many, of these complexes become part of the spliceosome involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. Others are involved in regulation of transcription elongation or 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


name: negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


cellular response to cholesterol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


regulation of B cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


name: H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.


name: snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


mandible

description: A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton.