Structure of both eyes

description: Of or pertaining to both the left and right eyes,


Esophageal Serosal Surface

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


vena cava

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart.


Right Lower Forearm

description: The distal half of the right upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.


esophagus muscularis mucosa

description: A muscularis mucosa that is part of a esophagus.


Capillary Plasma

description: Plasma that has been isolated from capillary blood.


Sentinel Lymph Node

description: The first lymph node that is affected by cancer spread from the primary site.  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is part of the staging work-up to determine early metastasis to regional lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma or melanoma.


prostatic urethra

description: The widest and most dilatable part of the male urethra canal which runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; this portion of the urethral canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion; it is lined by transitional epithelium and contains in its posterior wall, or floor, the orifices of the prostatic utricle, ejaculatory ducts, and prostatic ducts, collectively known as the seminal colliculus (aka verumontanum).


Intrathyroidal Parathyroid

description: A parathyroid gland embedded within the thyroid gland parenchyma.


bone element

description: Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.


Hepatoduodenal ligament

description: The portion of the lesser omentum between the liver and the duodenum, containing the hepatic artery, the common bile duct, the portal vein, lymphatic vessels, and the hepatic plexus of nerves.


name: Distal Interphalangeal Joint 5 of the Hand

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the fifth digit of the hand connecting the middle and distal phalanges.


prepuce of penis

description: A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect.


Presacral Lymph Node

description: A lymph node that is located in the mesorectum, between the rectum and the sacrum.


Flexural Skin

description: A crease in the skin on the flexor side of a joint.


cardiac vein

description: Vein of heart that drains the myocardium.


obturator vein

description: The obturator vein begins in the upper portion of the adductor region of the thigh and enters the pelvis through the upper part of the obturator foramen, in the obturator canal. It runs backward and upward on the lateral wall of the pelvis below the obturator artery, and then passes between the ureter and the hypogastric artery, to end in the hypogastric vein. It has an anterior and posterior branch (similar to obturator artery). [WP,unvetted].


Skin structure of inguinal region

description: The integument that covers the inguinal region.


meninx of spinal cord

description: A meninx that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition].


gland

description: An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ.


Metatarsophalangeal Joint 4

description: A condyloid synovial joint within the fourth digit of the foot connecting metatarsal with the proximal phalanx.


Occipital part of scalp

description: The occipital region of the skin that covers the top of the head.


anatomical cavity

description: Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina.


cricoid cartilage

description: A cartilaginous ring that provides support for the arytenoid cartilages and forms the caudal part of the larynx.


trachea cartilage

description: The ring-shaped cartilaginous structures that support the trachea.


Upper Cervical Lymph Node

description: A lymph node located in the upper region of the neck. (NCI)


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Level III

description: The following anatomical structures define the neck lymph node boundary for level III: Superior: horizontal plane defined by the inferior body of the hyoid; inferior: horizontal plane defined by the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage; anterior (medial): lateral border of the sternohyoid muscle; posterior (lateral): lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid or sensory branches of the cervical plexus. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Ectodermal cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An embryonic cell of the outer layer of three germ layers. These cells give rise to the epidermis and neural tissue.


Sublingual Lymph Node

description: A lymph node located under the tongue in the floor of the mouth.


Pericardial lymph node

description: A lymph node located anterior to the pericardium, posterior to the xiphoid process, and in the right and left cardiophrenic fat.


pancreaticoduodenal vein

description: A vein running parallel to the superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries that drains blood from the pancreas and duodenum into the superior mesenteric or portal veins.


pyloric gastric gland

description: The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP].


left main bronchus

description: The main bronchus on the left side.


Metatarsophalangeal Joint 3

description: A condyloid synovial joint within the third digit of the foot connecting metatarsal with the proximal phalanx.


digit

description: A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans).


Median Or Lower Cervical Lymph Node

description: A lymph node located in the median or lower region of the neck. (NCI)


Level II axillary lymph node

description: Axillary lymph nodes located posterior to the pectoralis minor.


posterior horn lateral ventricle

description: Part of the lateral ventricle that extends posteriorly into the occipital lobe.


Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Lymph Node

description: Any lymph node within the lower gastrointestinal tract.


intervertebral joint

description: The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.


cartilage of external ear

description: A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition].


Trapezoid-Capitate Joint

description: The articulation of the trapezoid and capitate bones in the wrist.


dorsal cochlear nucleus

description: The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted].


pancreatic tributary of splenic vein

description: The pancreatic veins consist of several small vessels which drain the body and tail of the pancreas, and open into the trunk of the great pancreatic vein. [WP,unvetted].


submandibular ganglion

description: The ganglion associated with the lingual nerve that provides postsynaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands.


Perihilar Lymph Node

description: A lymph node located in the area around the hilum of an organ.


manual digit 3

description: 3rd digit of the manus.


Structure of superior anastomotic vein

description: A vein originating at the parietal lobe that runs along the horizontal portion of the fissure of Sylvius and opens into the cavernous sinus.


alveolus

description: Organ part that has the form of a hollow cavity[WP].


brain dura mater

description: The fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer.


Gland of Zeis

description: The small glands located within the epidermis of the eyelid that produce and secrete an oily substance that lubricates the eyelashes.


parotid main excretory duct

description: The main excretory tubular canal that connects the parotid gland and the buccal mucosa and secretes a serous saliva into the vestibule of the oral cavity; it arises from the anterior surface of the gland, traversing the masseter muscle; the duct then pierces the buccinator muscle, moving medially, and opens out into the oral cavity near the second upper molar; saliva produced by acinar secretory cells in the glandular body flows sequentially through the intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory ducts.


ileal vein

description: The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein.


Nuchal Lymph Node

description: Any lymph node located in the posterior of the neck, including the postauricular, superficial occipital, middle posterior cervical chain, and lower posterior cervical chain.


humerus diaphysis

description: The body or shaft of the humerus is almost cylindrical in the upper half of its extent, prismatic and flattened below, and has three borders and three surfaces.


ligamentum flavum

description: The fibrous tissues connecting the laminae of neighboring vertebrae beginning at C2 and ending at S1.


splenic vein

description: A vein arising from the splenic trabecular vein in the hilum of the spleen that drains into the portal vein.


Skin structure of upper limb

description: The integumentary covering of the upper extremities.


Basal Tear

description: A type of tear that is spread across the surface of the eye at regular intervals with blinking, coating the eyes to keep them moist.


thyroid cartilage

description: The largest of the laryngeal cartilages.


name: Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 5 of the Hand

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the fifth digit of the hand connecting the proximal and middle phalanges.


Meningeal Nerve

description: A branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2) that innervates the meninges.


right adrenal gland

description: An adrenal gland that is in the right side of the abdomen.


proximal epiphysis of fibula

description: A proximal epiphysis that is part of a fibula.


Radius-Lunate Joint

description: The articulation of the radius and the lunate bone in the wrist.


spinal nerve plexus

description: An intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network.


name: Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 2 of the Hand

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the second digit of the hand connecting the proximal and middle phalanges.


sphenoparietal sinus

description: The cavernous sinus receives the superior ophthalmic vein through the superior orbital fissure, some of the cerebral veins, and also the small sphenoparietal sinus, which courses along the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid.


Regional segment of venous tree

description: A segment of a blood vessel that is part of the venous system.


left eye

description: An eye that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition].


mesenteric vein

description: A vein that returns blood from the intestines.


frontal nerve (branch of ophthalmic)

description: The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital foramen, and runs forward between the Levator palpebræ superioris and the periosteum. Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve. [WP,unvetted].


bronchus basal lamina

description: A basal lamina that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].


Interphalangeal Joint 4 of the Hand

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint between the phalanges of the fourth digit of the hand.


skin of trunk

description: A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].


Scaphoid-Radius Joint

description: The articulation of the radius and the scaphoid bone in the wrist.


Serosal Surface of the Liver

description: The membrane lining the external surface of the liver.


bronchus basement membrane

description: A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus.


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Level II

description: Neck lymph node boundary level II contains the upper jugular nodal group. It is divided by the accessory nerve into sublevels IIA and IIB. The following anatomical structures define sublevel IIA: Superior: skull base; inferior: horizontal plane defined by the inferior border of the hyoid bone; anterior (medial): stylohyoid muscle; posterior (lateral): vertical plane defined by the spinal accessory nerve. The following anatomical structures define sublevel IIB: Superior: skull base; inferior: horizontal plane defined by the inferior body of the hyoid bone; anterior (medial): vertical plane defined by the spinal accessory nerve; posterior (lateral): lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. (partially adapted from AJCC 8th ed.)


Interphalangeal Joint 2 of the Foot

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint between the phalanges of the second digit of the foot.


vertebral vein

description: The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted].


phrenic vein

description: The veins that run parallel to the phrenic arteries which include the two superior and two inferior phrenic veins.


Ear part

description: Any component pertaining to the organ for hearing including the external, middle, and inner ear.


tibial vein

description: One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein.


External Canal

description: A tube extending from the middle ear to the outer ear.


testicular vein

description: A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis.


right suprarenal vein

description: A vein that drains blood from the right adrenal gland into the inferior vena cava.


Skin Above the Eyebrow

description: The integument that covers the area above the eyebrow.


mediastinal pleura

description: The parietal pleura that lines the mediastinum.


anterior semicircular canal

description: One of the three semicircular canals found in the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear, which detects rotation of the head around a rostral-caudal (anterior-posterior) axis.


name: Distal Interphalangeal Joint 3 of the Foot

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the third digit of the foot connecting the middle and distal phalanges.


accessory lacrimal gland

description: Serous gland with distended lumen. It includes the gland of Krause in the lacrimal sac and the gland of Wolfring on the inner surface of the upper eyelid. (NCI).


jugular vein

description: The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.


superior intercostal vein

description: The superior intercostal veins are two veins that drain the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces, one vein for each side of the body.


decidua capsularis

description: The layer of uterine endometrium overlying the implanted chorionic vesicle and facing the uterine cavity.


Left Main Coronary Artery Bifurcation

description: The portion of the distal end of the left main coronary artery that branches into the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex artery.


Structure of diaphragmatic lymph node

description: Lymph node located adjacent to the diaphragm.


epimysium

description: Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous.


male urethra

description: A urethra that is part of a male reproductive system.


Metacarpal 1 Base

description: The proximal end of the first metacarpal bone.


great cerebral vein

description: The great cerebral vein is one of the large blood vessels in the skull draining the cerebrum (brain)[WP,unvetted].


Respiratory System Part

description: Any component of the organs involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen including the trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, lungs, and alveoli.


Extra-Abdominal Lymph Node

description: A lymph node outside the abdominal cavity.


urinary bladder muscularis mucosa

description: A thin layer of smooth muscle within the bladder lamina propria.


Cardiophrenic angle lymph node

description: A lymph node located in the angle between the heart and diaphragm.


branch of anterior cerebral artery

description: An arterial branch arising from the anterior cerebral artery. It includes the callosomarginal artery, frontopolar artery, medial orbitofrontal artery, pericallosal artery, and recurrent artery of Heubner.


vasa vasorum

description: Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins.


Calf Muscular Vein

description: Any of the superficial veins located within the muscles of the posterior lower leg, including the gastrocnemial and soleal veins.


internal iliac vein

description: A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted].


Retrocrural lymph node

description: A lymph node located within the most inferior portion of the posterior mediastinum. (NCI)


Metacarpophalangeal Joint 1

description: A condyloid synovial joint within the first digit of the hand connecting the metacarpal to the proximal phalanx.


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Levels II-IV

description: A grouping of lymph nodes comprising neck lymph node boundary levels II-IV.


prepuce

description: A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present.


Capitate-Hamate Joint

description: The articulation of the capitate and hamate bones in the wrist.


epiglottic cartilage

description: The most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing.


regional part of brain

description: Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia.


organ

description: Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].


forelimb skin

description: A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].


Cells

description: The smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.


Nerve Tissue and Nerve Sheaths

description: Tissues that contain neurons and supporting cells that form the covers encircling nerves, nerve fibers, and axons.


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Levels I-IV

description: A grouping of lymph nodes comprising neck lymph node boundary levels I-IV.


Sinus - general anatomical term

description: A recess, cavity, or channel.


deep vein

description: A blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood far beneath the skin usually accompanying an artery.


Draining Lymph Node

description: The lymph node or group of lymph nodes that drain a particular anatomic site or organ.


ovary growing follicle

description: An ovarian follicle undergoing maturation.


brachiocephalic vein

description: The left and right brachiocephalic veins in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava. The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava.


name: anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint

description: A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia.


Organ of Special Sense Part

description: Any component associated with the anatomic structures in the head responsible for special sensations rather than general sensations, including the eyes, ears, nose, and tongue.


T13 Vertebra

description: A rare unilateral or bilateral anatomical variant in which a 13th rib-bearing vertebra is located at the thoracolumbar junction.


right renal vein

description: A renal vein that drains the right kidney.


arm skin

description: A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].


decidua parietalis

description: The part of the decidua in the pregnant human female lining the uterus.


Level I axillary lymph node

description: Axillary lymph nodes located inferolateral to the pectoralis minor.


small cardiac vein

description: A vein running parallel to the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus that drains into the right extremity of the coronary sinus.


gastric vein

description: A laterally paired vein that drains blood away from the lesser curvature of the stomach.


name: Proximal Interphalangeal Joint 3 of the Foot

description: A ginglymoid (hinge) synovial joint within the third digit of the foot connecting the proximal and middle phalanges.


blood vessel internal elastic membrane

description: A layer of elastic tissue that forms the outermost part of the tunica intima of blood vessels.


Neck Lymph Node Boundary Sublevel IA

description: The following anatomical structures define the neck lymph node boundary for sublevel IA: Superior: symphysis of the mandible; inferior: body of the hyoid; anterior (medial): anterior belly of the contralateral digastric muscle; posterior (lateral): anterior belly of the ipsilateral digastric muscle. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Scaphoid-Trapezium Joint

description: A condyloid synovial joint within the wrist connecting the scaphoid bone to the trapezium bone.


lobar bronchus

description: The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi[GO].


capillary

description: Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.


uterine ligament

description: Any of the eight ligaments pertaining to the uterus including the anterior, posterior, lateral, sacro-uterine and round ligaments.


Central nervous system part

description: Any component of the nervous system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.


white pulp of spleen

description: The parenchymatous tissue of the spleen that surrounds splenic blood vessels, consists of compact masses of lymphatic cells and is where foreign material removed from the blood is used to initiate an immune reaction that results in the production of antibodies.


Ileum Lymph Node

description: Any lymph node within the ileum.


cerebral hemisphere white matter

description: White matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere.


Superficial Vein of the Hand

description: Any of the veins carrying deoxygenated blood in the subcutaneous tissue layers of the hand.


Structure of epigastric lymph node

description: A parietal lymph node located along the inferior epigastric vessels.


nerve fasciculus

description: A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed).


thioctic acid

A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.


(S)-ethosuximide

The (S)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


THIOPHENE

Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.


ROTOXAMINE

The (R)- (inactive) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


ribonucleoside

Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.


tetrahydrofuranone

Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.


methylpyridines

Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione.


thiamine(1+) carboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is thiamine(1+) which carries an oxo group at position 2.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has R configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and S configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


pyrrolidines

Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.


(R)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (R)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


(S)-thalidomide

A 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.


(S)-eperisone

A 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one that has S configuration.


zavegepant

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which both amino groups are replaced by 4-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl and {(2R)-3-(7-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-1-[4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}amino groups. It is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist whose hydrochloride salt has been approved by the FDA for the acute treatment of migraine.


monohydroxypyridine

A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of both nitrogens of pyridoxamine.


oxanes

Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives.


oxolanes

Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.


ROTOXAMINE

The (S)- (active) enantiomer of carbinoxamine.


(S)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


(S)-cycrimine

The (S)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


aminopyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.


(S)-paliperidone

A 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one that is the (S)-enantiomer of paliperidone.


MONOPHOSPHOTHIAMINE

An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.


piperidinemonocarboxylic acid

Any member of the class of piperidines in which one of the carbons of the piperidine ring is substituted by a carboxy group.


nucleoside

An N-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents.


(R)-eperisone

A 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-methyl-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one that has R configuration.


pyridines

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


adenosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine.


DEXTROBUPIVACAINE

The (R)-(+)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a pyrimidine base.


(S)-DOXAPRAM

The (S)-enantiomer of doxapram.


ropivacaine

The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.


diazoline

A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.


purine ribonucleoside

A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


(R)-omeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has R configuration at the sulfur atom.


aminopyrimidine

A member of the class of  pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.


STREPTONIGRIN

Complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus or S. rufochronmogenus. It is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia.


pyrimidone

A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.


pyrimidines

Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.


HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE

An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.


imidazoline

An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.


purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside

A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration).


Any pyridone that is pyridin-4-one or its derivatives by substitution of one of more of the hydrogens.


nitrofuran antibiotic

A member of the class of furans in which the furan ring is substituted by a nitro group and which also has significant antibiotic properties.


pyrimidine antifungal agent

A member of the class of pyrimidines that has significant antifungal properties.


hydroxypyridone antifungal drug

Any pyridone which is substituted on the nitrogen by a hydroxy group and which has been used as an antifungal drug.


pyridoxamine hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.


fominoben

Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.


timolol

1,2,5-Thiadiazole substituted at the 3 position by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group and at the 4 position by a morpholin-4-yl group. The (S)-(-) enantiomer, also known as timolol, is a beta-adrenergic antagonist and is used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.


(R)-chlormezanone

The (R)-enantiomer of chlormezanone.


chloropyridine

Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.


pyridinemonocarboxylic acid

A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.


furans

Compounds containing at least one furan ring.


pyridoxal hydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxal with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


thiamine(1+) aldehyde

A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is thiamine(1+) in which the 2-hydroxyethyl group has been replaced by a 2-oxoethyl group.


(R)-DOXAPRAM

The (R)-enantiomer of doxapram.


hydroxymethylpyridine

Any member of the class of  pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.


(R)-ethosuximide

The (R)-enantiomer of ethosuximide.


purine deoxyribonucleoside

A deoxyribonucleoside containing a purine base.


thiamine hydrochloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of thiamine hydrochloride.


hydroxypyridine

Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.


THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.


(R,S)-MEFLOQUINE

An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.


dihydrofuran

Compounds containing a mono-unsaturated furan ring skeleton.


A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.


The (5R)-enantiomer of zopiclone.


(R)-ranolazine

An N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ranolazine (the racemate is a drug used for treatment of chronic angina).


A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate that has S configuration alpha to the carbonyl group and R configuration at the stereocentre bearing the nitrogen.


PROLINE

An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.


purines D-ribonucleoside

A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.


4-pyridoxic acid

A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.


pyrimidine antifungal drug

Any pyrimidine antifungal agent that has been used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


A member of the class of oxazolidines that is isoxazoldin-3-one which is substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


diazines

Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).


prolinols

The class of all compounds which contain a prolinol skeleton.


(R)-cycrimine

The (R)-enantiomer of cycrimine.


barbiturates

Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.


pyridoxamine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.


(R)-amlodipine

The (4R)-enantiomer of amlodipine.


monochloropyridine

A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring.


long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a long-chain fatty acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


sexual spore wall

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.


spore wall

description: The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


asexual spore wall

description: A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in bacterial and fungal species.


ascospore wall

description: The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


name: endospore external encapsulating structure

description: The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.


musculo-phrenic vein

description: Any of the veins that accompany the musculophrenic artery and drain blood from the upper abdominal wall, the lower intercostal spaces, and the diaphragm.


nerve of head region

description: A nerve that is part of a head.


ramus nasalis internus

description: Distal part of the opthalmicus profundus gives rise to 2 ramules: palatinus and cutaneous.


nerve of tympanic cavity

description: A nerve that is part of a tympanic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


ramulus suprabranchialis anterior

description: Ramulus that innervates the suprabranchial line of neuromasts.


ramus ventral

description: This ramus leaves the postotic ganglionic complex together with the third branchial ramus of X. This ramule innervates the ventral line of neuromasts.


name: anteroventral lateral line nerve (AVLLN)

description: Sensory nerve of the anterior lateral line component. It develops from preotic anteroventral placode. AVLLN innervates lower jaw lines of neuromasts.


deep temporal nerve

description: The deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior. They pass above the upper border of the pterygoideus externus and enter the deep surface of the temporalis.


digastric branch of facial nerve

description: The digastric branch of facial nerve arises close to the stylomastoid foramen, and divides into several filaments, which supply the posterior belly of the Digastricus; one of these filaments joins the glossopharyngeal nerve.


superior laryngeal nerve

description: The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. It arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic. It descends, by the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery, and divides into two branches: external laryngeal nerve internal laryngeal nerve A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent. A bilateral palsy presents as a tiring and hoarse voice.


nerve innervating pinna

description: Any nerve that innervates the pinna.


infra-orbital nerve

description: A branch of the maxillary nerve that enters the infraorbital canal and innervates the lower eyelid, upper lip, the nasal vestibule, the upper incisors, canines, premolars, upper gums, lower eyelid and conjunctiva, and part of the nose.


zygomaticotemporal nerve

description: The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch) is derived from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V). It runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and passes through zygomaticotemporal foramen in the zygomatic bone to enter the temporal fossa. It ascends between the bone, and substance of the Temporalis muscle, pierces the temporal fascia about 2.5 cm. above the zygomatic arch, and is distributed to the skin of the side of the forehead, and communicates with the facial nerve and with the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve. As it pierces the temporal fascia, it gives off a slender twig, which runs between the two layers of the fascia to the lateral angle of the orbit.


vomeronasal nerve

description: Nerve carrying fibers from the vomeronasal organ epithelium to the accessory olfactory bulb.


jugal ramule

description: This ramule innervates the jugal line of neuromasts and is the dorsal branch of the ramus mandibularis externus.


meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

description: The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (recurrent branch, nervus spinosus) is a branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies the dura mater.


chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

description: The chorda tympani is a nerve that branches from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) inside the facial canal, just before the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. Chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) that serves the taste buds in the front of the tongue, runs through the middle ear, and carries taste messages to the brain. The chorda tympani is part of one of three cranial nerves that are involved in taste. The taste system involves a complicated feedback loop, with each nerve acting to inhibit the signals of other nerves. The chorda tympani appears to exert a particularly strong inhibitory influence on other taste nerves, as well as on pain fibers in the tongue. When the chorda tympani is damaged, its inhibitory function is disrupted, leading to less inhibited activity in the other nerves.


ramus superficial ophthalmic

description: Dorsal branch of ADLLN that innervates supraorbital line of neuromasts.


pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

description: Motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve.


palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve

description: A nerve that innervates an eyelid and is a branch of the infra-orbital branch of the maxillary nerve.


ramules cutaneous

description: Many branches of the maxillary ramus that terminate in the integument of the maxillary region.


ramus muscularis of vagus nerve

description: Motor nervous branch of the vagus innervating m. subarcualis rectus I.


middle lateral line nerve (MLLN)

description: Sensory nerve of the posterior lateral line component. It develops from the postotic middle placode. MLLN innervates neuromasts located over the otic capsule and the suprabranchial line of neuromasts.


oral ramule

description: Medial branch of the ramus mandibularis externus. This ramule innervates the oral and angular lines of neuromasts.


name: nerve to stylopharyngeus from glossopharyngeal nerve

description: The stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve is distributed to the Stylopharyngeus.


laryngeus ventralis

description: A branch of the vagus nerve innervating heart, stomach, and lung muscle.


carotid sinus nerve

description: A sensory branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) carrying signals from the baroceptors (blood pressure receptors) in the bifurcation of the carotid artery to the nucleus of the solitary tract (nucleus solitarius).


ramus nasalis lateralis

description: Ramule of ophthalmic nerve (see also ramus nasalis medialis). The first branch of ophthalmic nerve gives rise to two ramules that border the naris and innervate the surrounding tissue.


nerve to stylohyoid from facial nerve

description: The stylohyoid branch of facial nerve frequently arises in conjunction with the digastric branch; it is long and slender, and enters the Stylohyoideus about its middle.


ramus buccal

description: Ventral ramus of the ADLLN that innervates the infraorbital line of neuromasts.


lateral pterygoid nerve

description: A nerve that innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle.


ramule palatinus

description: Ramules that descends towards the buccal roof and give rise to several short branches that anastomose with palatine ramus of the facial nerve.


great auricular nerve

description: A nerve arising from the second and third cervical nerves from the cervical plexus and innervating the skin over the parotid gland, the skin of part of the ear, the adjacent portion of the scalp, cheek, and angle of the jaw.


inferior branch of oculomotor nerve

description: The inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve or the inferior division, the larger, divides into three branches. One passes beneath the optic nerve to the medial rectus. Another, to the inferior rectus. The third and longest runs forward between the inferior recti and lateralis to the inferior oblique. From the last a short thick branch is given off to the lower part of the ciliary ganglion, and forms its short root. All these branches enter the muscles on their ocular surfaces, with the exception of the nerve to the inferior oblique, which enters the muscle at its posterior border.


anterodorsal lateral line nerve (ADLLN)

description: Sensory nerve of the anterior lateral line component. It develops from the preotic anterodorsal placode. ADLLN branches into two rami innervating orbital lines of neuromasts.


anterior superior alveolar nerve

description: The anterior superior alveolar branch (anterior superior dental branch), of considerable size, is given off from the maxillary nerve just before its exit from the infraorbital foramen; it descends in a canal in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and divides into branches which supply the incisor and canine teeth. It communicates with the middle superior alveolar branch, and gives off a nasal branch, which passes through a minute canal in the lateral wall of the inferior meatus, and supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the inferior meatus and the floor of the nasal cavity, communicating with the nasal branches from the sphenopalatine ganglion.


ramus supraotic

description: Small ramus of the MLLN that innervates neuromasts located at the posterior margin of the otic capsule.


vidian nerve

description: A nerve that is formed by the junction of the great petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve and continues on to innervate the palate, nose and lacrimal gland.


ramus mandibularis externus

description: Runs together with motor fibers of the hyomandibular trunk of VII. The mandibularis externus of AVLLN branches into three ramules .


trunk maxillary-mandibularis

description: Portion of the trigeminal nerve where the maxillary and mandibular rami run together prior to bifurcating.


superior branch of oculomotor nerve

description: The superior branch of the oculomotor nerve or the superior division, the smaller, passes medialward over the optic nerve. It supplies the Superior rectus and Levator palpebrae superioris.


ramulus suprabranchialis posterior

description: Ramulus innervating the suprabranchial line of neuromasts.


nasopalatine nerve

description: A branch of that maxillary nerve that innervates the mucous membrane of the hard palate.


recurrent laryngeal nerve

description: A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch.


posterior lateral line nerve (PLLN)

description: Sensory nerve of the posterior lateral line component. It develops from de postotic posterior placode. PLLN innervates the trunk lines of neuromasts.


preopercular ramule

description: Ventral branch of the ramus mandibularis externus. This ramule have a superior and an inferior division, both innervating the preopercular line of neuromasts.


pterygopalatine nerve

description: The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. It passes through the pharyngeal canal with the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, behind the auditory tube.


mental nerve

description: Mental nerve is a general somatic afferent (sensory) nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The nerve emerges at the mental foramen in the mandibula, and divides beneath the Depressor anguli oris muscle into three branches: one descends to the skin of the chin. two ascend to the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip. These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve.


ramus auricularis of the vagus nerve

description: An afferent branch of the vagus nerve.


masseteric nerve

description: A muscular branch of the mandibular nerve passing to the medial surface of the masseter muscle, which it innervates.


ramus lateral

description: Ventral division of the trunk of the PLLN, this prominent ramus extends over the lateral trunk and caudal musculature innervating the lateral line of neuromasts.


ramus palatinus

description: Sensory branch of facial nerve from palatal region.


buccal nerve

description: The buccal nerve (also called the long buccal nerve) is a nerve in the face. It is a branch of the mandibular nerve (which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve) and transmits sensory information from skin over the buccal membrane (in general, the cheek) and from the second and third molar teeth.


maxillary nerve

description: The sensory nerve subdivision of the trigeminal nerve that transmits sensory information from the palate, upper teeth and gingiva, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses.


name: inferior palpebral branch of infra-orbital nerve

description: A nerve that innervates a lower eyelid and is a branch of the infra-orbital branch of the maxillary nerve.


tympanic nerve

description: The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear.


posterior superior alveolar nerve

description: The posterior superior alveolar branches (posterior superior dental branches) arise from the trunk of the maxillary nerve just before it enters the infraorbital groove; they are generally two in number, but sometimes arise by a single trunk. They descend on the tuberosity of the maxilla and give off several twigs to the gums and neighboring parts of the mucous membrane of the cheek. They then enter the posterior alveolar canals on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla, and, passing from behind forward in the substance of the bone, communicate with the middle superior alveolar nerve, and give off branches to the lining membrane of the maxillary sinus and gingival and dental branches to each molar tooth from a superior dental plexus; these branches enter the apical foramina at the roots of the teeth. The posterior superior alveolar nerve innervates the second and third maxillary molars, and two of the three roots of the maxillary first molar (all but the mesiobuccal root). When giving a Posterior Superior Alveolar nerve block, it will anesthetize the mesialbuccal root of the maxillary first molar approximately 72% of the time.


MBF transcription complex

description: A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.


name: epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine


middle colic vein

description: The middle colic vein drains the transverse colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the middle colic artery. [WP,unvetted].


sensory circumventricular organ

description: A circumventricular organ that is capable of monitoring the levels of substances to the cerebrospinal fluid.


gland of nasal mucosa

description: The nasal glands are the seromucous glands in the respiratory region of the nasal mucous membrane. The three major types of nasal glands are anterior serous glands, seromucous glands, and Bowman glands.


NarGHI complex

description: A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.


Noc1p-Noc2p complex

description: A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.


palatocerebral vein

description: Vein that drains the median palatocerebral vein into the optic vein. Isogai et al. 2001.


organic oxo compound

Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.


beta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position beta to the carboxy group.


(R)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


(-)-trans-permethrin

trans-Permethrin with configuration 1S,3R.


elvitegravir

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substited at position 1 by a 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl group and at position 6 by a 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl group (the S-enantiomer). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


branched-chain fatty acid

Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids.


oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group.


macrolide

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.


aromatic ketone

A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.


N-acylglycine

An N-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine.


pyruvate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class.


aminobenzoic acid

A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.


2-methoxyethyl ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between a carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-methoxyethanol. In contrast to many other water-solubilising esters, the 2-methoxyethyl esters of many amino acids are crystalline, allowing them to be easily purified.


long-chain fatty acid

A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at position 3 by a formyl group.


hydroxy-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


MESOTRIONE

An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


(S)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (S)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


enone

An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


RACEMETHIONINE

A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.


glutamine

An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.


omega-3 fatty acid

A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.


fatty acid

Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.


nitrogen-containing fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing nitrogen as either a substituent or a replacement for a methylene carbon.


(R)-bambuterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


oxo carboxylic acid

Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule.


succinate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the esterification of one or both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. (Succinate ester in which only one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid has been esterified are known as hemisuccinates.)


pivalate ester

A carboxylic ester of pivalic acid.


2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


aromatic carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.


ketone

A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).


(S)-ketorolac

A 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid that has S configuration. While (S)-ketorolac is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, both enantiomers exhibit analgesic effects. Racemic ketorolac, known simply as ketorolac, is used (mainly as the tromethamine salt) as a potent analgesic for the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


N-acyl-L-amino acid

Any N-acylamino acid having L-configuration.


(S)-bambuterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bambuterol.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


glutamine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.


(R)-bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has R-configuration.


sulfur-containing carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.


polyunsaturated fatty ester

Any fatty acid ester resulting from the formal esterification of the carboxy group of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.


aldehyde

A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.


unsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.


D-isoleucine

The D-enantiomer of isoleucine.


4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid which has a hydroxy group located gamma to the carboxy group.


naphthoic acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.


citrulline

The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.


histidine

An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.


(S)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has S configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


L-valyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that has L-valine as the amino acid component.


20-oxo steroid

An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.


lactone

Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.


2-hydroxy-4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid

A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy and carboxy groups respectively.


dopa

A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.


non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid

Any  alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


2-oxo monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent.


carbamate fungicide

Compounds that contain a carbamate ester moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.


name: dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives

description: A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.


N-acyl-D-phenylalanine

Any N-acyl-D-amino acid obtained by the formal N-acylation of D-phenylalanine.


macrocyclic lactone

Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.


secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary alpha-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups.


delta-lactone

A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring.


beta-diketone

A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.


alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester

A carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)OR(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


benzoate ester

Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.


(R)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has R configuration. Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


chlorocarboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.


tetracarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups.


name: erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid

description: An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.


acetate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


methyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.


aromatic amino acid

An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.


leucine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.


alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone

A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.


hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.


nystatins

A class of polyene antifungal antibiotics produced by Streptomyces noursei, and other Streptomyces species.


L-alanyl ester

Any alpha-amino acid ester that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-alanine with an alcohol.


trans-permethrin

Permithrin in which the 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and the carboxylate ester group are in a trans-configuration.


roxithromycin

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


methyl ketone

A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).


2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid

A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.


thia fatty acid

Any fatty acid having at least one of the chain methylene groups replaced by sulfur. Members of this group are believed to have important pharmacological (antioxidant and antiatherosclerosis) properties.


polar amino acid

Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.


monocarboxylic acid

An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.


trienoic fatty acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.


A quinolone that is 4-quinolone substituted at positions 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, amino, fluorine, and cyclohexylamino groups, respectively. It can directly bind to and block the transcription activity of the active forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1), but not the Ser256-phosphorylated form. It induces cell death and growth arrest in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines at low concentrations.


dicarboxylic acid monoester

A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.


ORNITHINE aKETOGLUTARATE

An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.


aspartate family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class.


diketone

A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.


A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have R configuration.


epsilon-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position epsilon to the carboxy group.


N-acyl-L-glutamic acid

Any optically active N-acylglutamic acid having L-configuration.


haloamino acid

Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group.


non-proteinogenic amino acid

Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.


C4-dicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.


quinolinemonocarboxylic acid

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent.


glycinyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester in which the amnio acid component is glycine.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


beta-amino acid ester

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a beta-amino acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


lysine

A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.


(R)-ketorolac

A 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid that has R configuration. Unlike the S-enantiomer, it does not exhibit COX1 and COX2 inhibition, but does exhibit analgesic activity. Racemic ketorolac, known simply as ketorolac, is used (mainly as a tromethamine salt) as a potent analgesic for the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


phenyl acetates

An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.


ethyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol.


oxyketone

A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.


fluvastatin

A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.


11-oxo steroid

Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11.


(R)-esmolol

A methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate that has R configuration. The drug esmolol is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both the R and the S enantiomer contribute to lowering blood pressure.


sterol ester

A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.


L-alpha-amino acid

Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.


tyrosine

An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.


A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.


alpha-oxyketone

An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.


dicarboxylic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.


3-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy group located beta- to the carboxylic acid group.


thioester

A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'.


branched-chain amino acid

Any  amino acid  in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents


fatty acid ethyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with ethanol.


isopropyl ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol.


AROXYBUTYNIN

A 4-(diethylamino)but-2-yn-1-ol that has R configuration. It is responsible for virtually all of the antimuscarinic activity of (racemic) oxybutynin.


hydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.


benzophenones

Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups.


(R)-carisoprodol

The (R)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.


alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.


arginine

An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.


N-acetyl-L-amino acid

An L-amino acid having an N-acetyl substituent.


amino acid ester

Any  carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid.


non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.


DL-PENICILLAMINE

An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.


serine

An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.


triketone

A compound that contains three ketone functionalities.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


alpha-amino acid ester

The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an alpha-amino acid with an alcohol.


(R)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (R)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


cardiac glycoside

Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.


carboxylic ester

An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.


FOSFONET

A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.


A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.


propanoate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is  propionic acid.


olefinic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.


essential fatty acid

Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.


4-hydroxy carboxylic acid

Any hydroxy carboxylic acid which contains a hydroxy substituent gamma to a carboxy group.


dicarboxylic acid

Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.


(S)-acenocoumarol

The (R)-enantiomer of acenocoumarol.


beta-triketone

A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located beta- to the other two.


delta-amino acid ester

Any ester of a delta-amino acid.


N-acetyl-amino acid

An N-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group.


macrolide lactam

A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group.


N-acyl-amino acid

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.


valine

A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.


indole-3-acetic acids

An  indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid.


aspartic acid

An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent


gamma-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.


(Z)-roxithromycin

A minor geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


alpha-amino acid

An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.


(S)-methocarbamol

A 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate that has S configuration.  Both (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol have muscle relaxant properties, with the (R)-enantiomer being more active than the (S)-enantiomer.


hydroxybenzophenone

Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups.


macrolide antibiotic

A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.


(S)-carisoprodol

The (S)-enantiomer of carisoprodol.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of glycine in which all five hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.


A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.


cyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.


carboxybiphenyl

Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton.


hydroxytryptophan

A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.


N-acyl-D-amino acid

Any N-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has D configuration.


chlorobenzoic acid

Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group.


A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have S and R configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.


finafloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 by cyclopropyl, fluoro, hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl and cyano groups respectively; an antibiotic used for treatment of acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear) caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


enoate ester

An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.


fatty acid 20:5

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds.


beta-hydroxy ketone

A ketone containing a hydroxy group on the beta-carbon relative to the C=O group.


primary alpha-hydroxy ketone

An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.


carbonyl compound

Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.


A quinolone that is 4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one substituted by methyl, (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl, 2-fluorophenyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 7, respectively (the 4S,7S-stereoisomer). It is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) and a ferroptosis inducer.


delta-amino acid

A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position delta to the carboxy group.


fatty acid 18:3

Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.


fatty acid ester

A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.


carboxylic acid

A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.


benzoic acids

Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.


(S)-warfarin

A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).


pivaloyloxymethyl ester

A acetal obtained from a carboxylic acid by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the carboxy group by a pivaloyloxymethyl group.


ketoaldonic acid

Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group.


benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide

Any carbamate fungicide that contains a benzimidazolyl group attached to the nitrogen of the carbamate moiety.


serine family amino acid

An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.


indol-3-yl carboxylic acid

Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group.


(R)-prasugrel

An 5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate that is the (R)-enantiomer of prasugrel (the racemate is a cardiovascular drug).


dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid

Any  hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups.


nutrient foramen vein

description: A vein or veins draining a bone and emerging from a nutrient foramen.


chloroplast thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.


name: organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.


left umbilical vein

description: An umbilical vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism.


chlorine molecular entity

A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.


(R)-chlorphenesin

The (R)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.


trichlorobenzene

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.


monochlorobenzenes

Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.


chloride

A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.


chlorinated steroid

A steroid which is substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.


organochlorine compound

An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.


(S)-azelastine

The (S)-enantiomer of azelastine.


(S)-chlorphenesin

The (S)-enantiomer of chlorphenesin.


tipifarnib

A quinolone that is 1-methylquinolin-2-one which carries a 3-chlorophenyl and an amino(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)methyl groups at the 4 and 6 positions, respectively (the R-isomer).


asenapine

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-asenapine. Used as its maleate salt for the acute treatment of schizophrenia and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features.


ifosfamides

Compounds containing an ifosfamide skeleton.


(R)-azelastine

The (R)-enantiomer of azelastine.


chlorobenzenes

Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines.


infected host cell surface knob

description: Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.


microvillar actin bundle

description: A parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


parallel actin filament bundle

description: An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.


formin-nucleated actin cable

description: An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.


actin filament bundle of filopodium

description: A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.


actin filament bundle of stereocilium

description: A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.


name: actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection

description: A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.


ficolin-1-rich granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a ficolin-1-rich granule.


name: clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.


inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.


specific granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


postsynaptic early endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.


organellar chromatophore inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


postsynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.


phagolysosome vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bylayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


macropinosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a macropinosome.


organellar chromatophore membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


name: postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome.


dense core granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.


peribacteroid membrane

description: A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


early phagosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an early phagosome.


aleurone grain membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.


epidermal lamellar body membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an epidermal lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in keratinocytes and involved in the formation of an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.


gut granule membrane

description: The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.


merozoite dense granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.


name: multivesicular body, internal vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body internal vesicle.


organellar chromatophore outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.


phagolysosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


rod photoreceptor disc membrane

description: Stack of disc membranes located inside a rod photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer. It is thought that rod disc membranes arise as evaginations of the ciliary membrane near the base of the outer segment, which then become completely separated from the ciliary membrane, during the development of the rod outer segment.


contractile vacuolar membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.


Cvt vesicle membrane

description: Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


chitosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.


Harderian gland epithelium

description: An epithelium that is part of a Harderian gland [Automatically generated definition].


Zymbal's gland

description: A multilobulated modified sebaceous gland that is located at the base of the external ear, lined by stratified squamous epithelium, and secretes into the auditory canal.


autopod region

description: Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot.


zygomatic gland

description: A salivary gland best developed in carnivores; located above the zygomatic arch and below the eye. Enlargement or mucocele of the gland causes exophthalmos.


Harderian gland

description: The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital gland usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species[GO].


exorbital lacrimal gland

description: A lacrimal gland located subcutaneously at the anteroventral base of the ear adjacent to the parotid gland.


CNS (MMHCC)

description: The organ system of the mouse consisting of the brain and spinal cord.


levator nasolabialis muscle

description: Is a principal muscle of the lips which arises over the dorsum of the nose. It runs cranioventrally to insert partly on the wing of the nostril and partly into the lateral part of the upper lip. This muscles function includes dilation of the nostril, elevation and retraction of the upper lip. Branches of the facial nerve supply innervation to this muscle.


intraorbital lacrimal gland

description: A lacrimal gland located superficially at the lateral canthus, where both the lacrimal gland and Harderian gland ducts open.


female preputial gland

description: The paired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located on the side of the clitoris in female rodents; in contrast to the preputial glands in male rodents, clitoral glands are a minor source of olfactory stimuli contributing to sexual attractivity; unlike other sebaceous glands, they undergo progressive atrophy of the glandular portion with marked ductal ectasia as rodents age.


preputial gland

description: An aired, lobulated, modified sebaceous glands located in the inguinal region adjacent to the penis and vagina, with pheromonal functions in male rodents; in males, the preputial gland empties into the preputial cavity and in females, the preputial (aka clitoral) gland duct empties into the clitoral fossa.


nictitating membrane

description: A fold of the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the cornea.


male preputial gland

description: One of the sebaceous glands of the corona and neck of the glans penis.


monosaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.


hexose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a hexose.


pentose derivative

A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose.


ketohexose derivative

A hexose derivative that is formally obtained from a ketohexose.


chest blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].


cervical ganglion

description: The cervical ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They consist of three paravertebral ganglia: superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion. The inferior ganglion may be fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form a single structure, the stellate ganglion. Nerves emerging from cervical sympathetic ganglia contribute to the cardiac plexus, among other things. [WP,unvetted].


cardiac ganglion

description: Any of the parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.


inferior mesenteric ganglion

description: A ganglion located near where the inferior mesenteric artery branches from the abdominal aorta[WP].


sublingual ganglion

description: The small parasympathetic ganglion found anterior to the submandibular gland that provides postsynaptic fibers to the sublingual gland.


thoracic dorsal root ganglion

description: A dorsal root ganglion that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].


pelvic ganglion

description: The pelvic ganglion (TS:19-TS:28): the pelvic ganglia provide autonomic innervation to the organs of the genitourinary system and lower bowel and are comprised of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. In the mouse they are paired, morphologically discrete, major ganglia in the pelvic region positioned on either side of the urethra where the urethra meets the bladder neck. The pelvic ganglia are derived from the sacral neural crest progenitors that migrate ventrally from the level of somites X-Y ventrally into the urogenital sinus where they form aggregates between the hind gut and the urogenital sinus during organogenesis. In the GUDMAP database, the pelvic ganglia are considered part of the genitourinary system, although some of the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons project instead to the lower bowel.


superior mesenteric ganglion

description: A ganglion in the upper part of the superior mesenteric plexus that is the synapsing point for one of the pre- and post-synaptic nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system.


accessory ciliary ganglion

description: A parasympathetic ganglion located on the short ciliary nerve differentiated from the main ciliary ganglion by virtue of the fact that it had no root derived directly from the inferior trunk of the oculomotor nerve and it never attaches to this nerve.


main ciliary ganglion

description: A parasympathetic ganglion located in the posterior orbit that contains preganglionic nerves and postganglionic neurons of the oculomotor nerve, connects to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus via the oculomotor nerve and the eye muscles via the short ciliary nerve.


prevertebral ganglion

description: The sympathetic ganglia located in front of the vertebral column and are associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta; these include the celiac, aorticorenal, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia.


vertebral ganglion

description: Any of a group of sympathetic ganglia which form two chains extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx along the sides of the spinal column.


pterygopalatine ganglion

description: The small parasympathetic ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal glands.


otic ganglion

description: The ganglion that supplies nerve fibers to the parotid gland.


future pterygopalatine ganglion

description: A ganglion that has the potential to develop into a pterygopalatine ganglion.


ganglion of ciliary nerve

description: Any parasympathetic ganglion that extends fibers into the short ciliary nerve. Includes both the main and acccessory ciliary ganglia.


arteriole of appendix

description: An arteriole located in the vermiform appendix.


arteriole of lymph node

description: An arteriole that is part of a lymph node.


arteriole of anorectum

description: An arteriole that is located in the anorectum.


arteriole of colon

description: An arteriole located in the colon.


renal afferent arteriole

description: The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.


small intestine arteriole

description: Arteriole of villus of small intestine.


medullary arteriole of lymph node

description: An arteriole that arises from the hilar artery of a lymph node and radiates centrifugally, branching in the medulla.


protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.


insect prothoracic leg

description: Leg of the prothoracic segment.


lymph node vein

description: A vein where lymph node venules condense and which exits at the lymph node hilum. It is also called hilar vein.


corticosteroid hormone

Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.


mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism.


glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.


depressor muscle

description: A muscle that moves body parts into an inferior direction or lowered position. Antagonistic to erector muscle.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-NOV complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


leucine derivative

An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of leucine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing leucine residues.


L-leucine derivative

A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-leucine by a heteroatom.


supraorbital gland

description: A lateral nasal gland that removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream.


(R)-betaxolol

The (R)-enantiomer of betaxolol.


peptidase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of peptidase activity.


endopeptidase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of endopeptidase activity.