posterior ciliary vein

description: The outer layer of the choroid (lamina vasculosa) consists, in part, of the larger branches of the short ciliary arteries which run forward between the veins, before they bend inward to end in the capillaries, but is formed principally of veins, named, from their arrangement, the vorticose veins. They converge to four or five equidistant trunks, which pierce the sclera about midway between the sclero-corneal junction and the entrance of the optic nerve. They drain uveal tract.


inferior vesical vein

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


ophthalmic vein

description: Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein Inferior ophthalmic vein.


right supracardinal vein

description: The right supracardinal vein loses its connection with the posterior cardinal vein and makes a new anastomosis with the segments of the superior vena cava derived from the anterior cardinal vein, becoming the azygos vein.


intersegmental pulmonary vein

description: A vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein.


gastrointestinal system serosa

description: A serous membrane that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


multicellular anatomical structure

description: An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.


vein of trabecular bone

description: A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Automatically generated definition].


serosa of esophagus

description: A serous membrane that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


serosa of rectum

description: A serous membrane that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition].


superior thyroid vein

description: The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins.


vesical vein

description: A tributary of the iliac vein that drains the urinary bladder.


external soft tissue zone

description: A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.


capillary of anorectum

description: A capillary that is part of the anorectum.


outflow tract pericardium

description: A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition].


left vitelline vein

description: A vitelline vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism.


lateral marginal vein

description: A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein.


mesentery of jejunum

description: A mesentery that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition].


foregut duodenum mesentery

description: A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a foregut.


back blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition].


venule of appendix

description: A venule located in the vermiform appendix.


prepyloric vein

description: The prepyloric vein is the last connecting branch onto the right gastric vein, marking the end of the stomach, and draining the proximal part of the duodenum


posterior intercostal vein

description: The posterior intercostal veins are veins that drain the intercostal spaces posteriorly. They run with their corresponding posterior intercostal artery on the underside of the rib, the vein superior to the artery. Each vein also gives off a dorsal branch that drains blood from the muscles of the back. There are eleven posterior intercostal veins on each side. Their patterns are variable, but they are commonly arranged as: The 1st posterior intercostal vein, supreme intercostal vein, drains into the brachiocephalic vein or the vertebral vein. The 2nd and 3rd (and often 4th) posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior intercostal vein. The remaining posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygos vein on the right, or the hemiazygos vein on the left.


respiratory system blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


venous blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart.


brain ventricle/choroid plexus

description: The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses.


lateral vein

description: Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.


retina blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition].


orifice

description: Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified].


lingual vein

description: The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein. The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial.


serosa of cloaca

description: A serous membrane that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition].


transverse facial vein

description: A tributary of the superficial temporal or retromandibular veins, anastomosing with the facial vein.


oviducal vein

description: Vein which collects blood from the oviduct.


name: synovial membrane of synovial tendon sheath

description: Synovial sac which surrounds parts of one or more tendons. Examples: synovial tendon sheath of manual digit 2, radial bursa.


pubic vein

description: vein ascending the posterior aspect of the body of the pubis to drain into the inferior epigastric vein; this vein frequently (about 20% of patients) serves as an accessory or replaced obturator vein.


accessory vertebral vein

description: A lower continuation of the vertebral vein and vertebral venous plexus that passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein.


dorsal venous arch

description: The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein.


gallbladder serosa

description: A serous membrane that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition].


middle temporal vein

description: A temporal vein that arises near the lateral angle of the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein.


high endothelial venule of appendix

description: A high endothelial venule that is located in the vermiform appendix.


vein of lip

description: A vein that drains a lip.


respiratory system venule

description: A venule that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


great vessel of heart

description: Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart.


gastrico-linealis

description: Major branch which supplies blood to the spleen and dorsal wall of the stomach.


mesentery of midgut

description: A mesentery that is part of a midgut [Automatically generated definition].


median sacral vein

description: The median sacral vein (or middle sacral veins) accompany the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins.


ventral aorta

description: The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once[GO].


thyroid vein

description: A vein that drains a thyroid gland.


venule of lymph node

description: A venule that is part of a lymph node.


medial marginal vein

description: A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the long saphenous vein.


vitelline blood vessel

description: Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac.


craniocervical region vein

description: A vein that is part of a craniocervical region.


head blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].


right colic vein

description: A portal vein that drains the ascending colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and travels with its corresponding artery, the right colic artery.


meningeal vein

description: One of the veins draining a meninix.


gonadal vein

description: In medicine, gonadal vein refers to the blood vessel that carrying blood away from the gonad (testis, ovary) toward the heart. Females : ovarian vein Males : testicular vein [WP,unvetted].


naso-frontal vein

description: The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein.


left extraembryonic umbilical vein

description: An extraembryonic umbilical vein that is in_the_left_side_of a multicellular organism.


mesentery of colon

description: A mesentery that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].


choroidal blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition].


intercostal vein

description: The intercostal veins are a group of veins which drain the area between the ribs.


ovarian bursa

description: A pouch formed by the mesosalpinx and the mesovarium that encloses the infundibulum of the uterine tube and the ovary.


superior laryngeal vein

description: The superior laryngeal vein is a vein which drains the larynx into the superior thyroid vein.


name: respiratory system arterial blood vessel

description: An arterial blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


multi-tissue structure

description: Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.


Jacobson's vein

description: Either of a pair of veins which receives many small vesicles from the kidney and collects blood from the oviducal vein.


mesosalpinx

description: The mesosalpinx is part of the lining of the abdominal cavity in higher vertebrates, specifically the portion of the broad ligament that stretches from the uterine tube to the level of the ovary.


intersomitic vein

description: The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.


serosa of urinary bladder

description: A serous membrane that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition].


mesentery of oesophagus

description: A mesentery that is part of a esophagus [Automatically generated definition].


angular vein

description: The angular vein formed by the junction of the frontal vein and supraorbital vein, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. It receives the external nasal veins of the ala nasi, and communicates with the superior ophthalmic vein through the nasofrontal vein, thus establishing an important anastomosis between the anterior facial vein and the cavernous sinus.


anatomical conduit

description: Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.


venule of colon

description: A venule located in the colon.


midgut duodenum mesentery

description: A mesentery of duodenum that is part of a midgut.


inferior thyroid vein

description: The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins.


left colic vein

description: A portal vein that drains the descending colon. It is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its corresponding artery, the left colic artery.


arterial blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta.


lacrimal vein

description: A vein that drains a lacrimal gland.


thoracic cavity blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


mesentery of duodenum

description: A mesentery that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition].


middle thyroid vein

description: The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein.


serosa of small intestine

description: A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].


gastrointestinal system mesentery

description: A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].


inferior ophthalmic vein

description: The inferior ophthalmic vein begins in a venous net-work at the forepart of the floor and medial wall of the orbit; it receives some vorticose veins and other veins from the Rectus inferior, Obliquus inferior, lacrimal sac and eyelids, runs backward in the lower part of the orbit and divides into two branches. One of these passes through the inferior orbital fissure and joins the pterygoid venous plexus, while the other enters the cranium through the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus, either by a separate opening, or more frequently in common with the superior ophthalmic vein.


mesentery of small intestine

description: The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP].


left subcardinal vein

description: A subcardinal vein that is in_the_left_side_of a multicellular organism.


cutaneus magnus

description: Anterior part of the lateral vein.


blood microvessel

description: Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins.


interlobar vein

description: The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes.


mesentery of hindgut

description: A mesentery that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition].


superior palpebral vein

description: A blood vessel that drains from from an upper eyelid.


serosa of colon

description: A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].


deep circumflex iliac vein

description: A vein that corresponds to the deep circumflex iliac artery and empties near or in a common trunk with the inferior epigastric vein into the external iliac vein; deep circumflex iliac vein.


respiratory system venous blood vessel

description: A vein that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


bone foramen

description: Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves.


mesencephalic vein

description: One of the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic vein [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular vein [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and lateral mesencephalic vein [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA])[MedLex]. The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery[XAO].


serosa of duodenum

description: A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition].


noradrenergic cell groups

description: Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin).


primordial midbrain channel

description: The vessel between the anterior cerebral vein and the mid cerebral vein. Isogai et al. 2001.


thoracic cavity vein

description: A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].


postcaval vein

description: One of three major veins which enter the sinus venosus.


palpebral vein

description: A blood vessel that drains from from an eyelid.


cell cluster

description: A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary.


respiratory system capillary

description: A capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].


microcirculatory vessel

description: A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses.


inferior phrenic vein

description: The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries; the right ends in the inferior vena cava; the left is often represented by two branches, one of which ends in the left renal or suprarenal vein, while the other passes in front of the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm and opens into the inferior vena cava. [WP,unvetted].


caecum mesentery

description: A mesentery that is part of a caecum.


hemiazygos vein

description: The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.


medullary venule of lymph node

description: Medullary venules are a continuation of high endothelial venules which condense repeatedly in the interfollicular cortex and peripheral deep cortical unit and then transition to medullary venules at the corticomedullary junction. The medullary venules condense and return centripetally to the hilar vein.


superior phrenic vein

description: The superior phrenic vein, i.e. , the vein accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery, usually opens into the internal mammary vein.


anterior intercostal vein

description: The anterior intercostal veins are the veins which drain the anterior intercostal space.


jejunal vein

description: A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum.


roof of mouth

description: A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity. In mammals this is the combination of the primary palate (premaxilla) and the secondary palate. In early tetrapods it consists of the vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine and ectopterygoid bones.


serosa of jejunum

description: A serous membrane that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition].


layer of synovial tissue

description: A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO].


serosa of appendix

description: A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix.


circumventricular organ

description: Any of any of the secretory or sensory organs located in the brain region around or in relation to the ventricular system that are characterized by extensive vasculature and a lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB) and allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow.


trachea blood vessel

description: A blood vessel that is part of a trachea.


vein of vestibular aqueduct

description: A vein that leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac.


liver serosa

description: Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact.


hepatic peritoneum

description: Peritoneum that surrounds the liver.


mesentery of heart

description: A mesentery that surrounds the heart.


extraembryonic umbilical vein

description: Extraembryonic part of the vein passing through the umbilical cord to the fetus and returning the purified and nutrient blood from the placenta.


subscapular vein

description: A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein.


spinal vein

description: A vein that is part of a vertebral column.


left supracardinal vein

description: The left thoracic supracardinal vein loses its connection with the left posterior cardinal veins and left sinus horn and subsequently drains into the right supracardinal system.


venule of anorectum

description: A venule that is located in the anorectum.


aqueous vein

description: A vessel that receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm).


capillary of colon

description: A capillary that is part of the colon.


free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


radical

A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


monovalent inorganic cation

An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.


p-block molecular entity

A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.


chalcogen molecular entity

Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.


LYSP100-associated nuclear domain

description: A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.


omega speckle

description: A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).


nuclear dicing body

description: A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.


sphere organelle

description: A nuclear body that is found in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes, and consist of three major parts: a remarkably spherical body about 5-10 pm in diameter, smaller spherical or nearly spherical granules on the surface, and inclusions of various sizes that strongly resemble the surface granules. The parts of the sphere organelle have distinct compositions, including splicing snRNAs and proteins.


nuclear exosome focus

description: An nuclear body involved in nuclear mRNA surveilllance. Contains at least Mmi1, or an ortholog of it, and the nuclear exosome.


apical proximal dendrite

description: The dendrite of the dendritic tree, which emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


right anterior flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It originates at the right anterior basal body, extends laterally through the cytoplasm, crosses the left anterior axoneme, and exits as a membrane-bound flagellum on the anterior right side of the cell.


germline ring canal

description: Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.


female germline ring canal

description: An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a female cyst.


male germline ring canal

description: An intercellular bridge that connects the germline cells of a male cyst.


vestibular calyx terminal

description: The giant, cup-shaped axon terminal of a vestibular afferent neuron, serving as a post-synaptic contact to a type I hair cell.


calyx of Held

description: The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


Herring body

description: The dilated terminal portions of neurosecretory axons constituting the hypothalamohypophyseal tract, found in close proximity to sinusoidal capillaries in the posterior pituitary. Herring bodies consist of aggregates of membrane-bound neurosecretory vesicles where oxytocin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are stored prior to release. Each Herring body also contains ATP and either neurophysin I or neurophysin II which bind to oxytocin and ADH, respectively.


P2 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.


uropod membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.


fungal-type vacuole

description: A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.


reservosome

description: A large membrane-bound endocytic organelle present only in members of the Schizotrypanum subgenus of the Trypanosoma genus and is defined as the site of storage of endocytosed macromolecules and lysosomal enzymes. It is found at the posterior end of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, but absent in amastigotes and trypomastigotes.


left ventral flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left ventral basal body and exits the cell body proximally and dorsal to the ventral disc.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


9+0 non-motile cilium

description: A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).


distal dendrite

description: The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


dendritic tree

description: The entire complement of dendrites for a neuron, consisting of each primary dendrite and all its branches.


rod spherule

description: A specialized neuron projection which is the site of synaptic transmission produced by retinal rod cells. Rod spherules are small round enlargements of the axon (3-5 micrometers diameter) or even extensions of the cell body.


right posteriolateral flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right posteriolateral basal body and extends cytoplasmically toward the cell posterior, marking the right anterior boundary of the lateral shield and the right lateral region of the funis before exiting at the right lateral region of the cell body.


hippocampal mossy fiber

description: An axon of a hippocampal granule cell, including dentate gyrus granule cell and CA3 granule cell, characterized by expansions (mossy fiber expansions) giving the fibers a mossy appearance. These unmyelinated axons were first described by Ramon y Cajal.


giant axon

description: Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.


rod telodendria

description: Rod telodendria are projections that originate from the rod pedicle and form gap junctions with other photoreceptors within the outer plexiform layer of the retina.


accessory outer segment

description: A cilium-like cell projection emanating from the inner segment and running alongside the outer segment of photoreceptors.


9+0 motile cilium

description: A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).


9+2 motile cilium

description: A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).


non-motile cilium

description: A cilium which may have a variable array of axonemal microtubules but does not contain molecular motors.


cone telodendria

description: Cone telodendria are projections that originate from the cone pedicle and form gap junctions with other photoreceptors within the outer plexiform layer of the retina.


right ventral flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right ventral basal body and exits the cell body proximally and dorsal to the ventral disc.


right caudal flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.


primary dendrite

description: A dendrite emerging from the cell body (the soma) of a neuron.


parallel fiber

description: A parallel fiber results from the bifurcation of a cerebellar granule cell axon in the molecular layer into two diametrically opposed branches, that are oriented parallel to the long axis of the folium.


left anterior flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It originates at the left anterior basal body, extends laterally through the cytoplasm, crosses the right anterior axoneme, and exits as a membrane-bound flagellum on the anterior left side of the cell.


gemmule

description: Spine-like process found on some neurons, e.g., periglomerular cells of olfactory cortex.


photoreceptor cell cilium

description: A specialised 9+0 non-motile cilium found in photoreceptor cells. A ciliary transition zone called 'photoreceptor connecting cilium' links the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.


proximal neuron projection

description: The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.


rhabdomere microvillus

description: Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a rhabdomere.


left caudal flagellum

description: A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.


longitudinal flagellum

description: A motile cilium found in dinoflagellates. It trails the cell and acts as a steering rudder. It is often partially contained in a furrow called the sulcus, and emerges from a flagellar pore located in the sulcus.


telodendria

description: Telodendria are projections that originate from the axon pedicle and form gap junctions with other neurons.


apical distal dendrite

description: Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron, and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


dentate gyrus mossy fiber

description: Hippocampal mossy fiber produced by dentate gyrus granule cells.


dendritic filopodium

description: A small, membranous protrusion found primarily on dendritic stretches of developing neurons. May receive synaptic input, and can develop into dendritic spines.


basal proximal dendrite

description: Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is the closest to the cell body of the neuron (the soma).


egg chorion

description: A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


second cervical dorsal root ganglion

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


non-membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


cellular anatomical entity

description: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.


pollen tube tip

description: The region at growing end of the pollen tube cell, where polarized growth occurs.


somatic portion of tanycyte

description: Portion of a tanycyte that lies within the ependyma and contains the nucleus. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.


yeast-form cell wall

description: The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.


host cell plasmodesma

description: A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.


extrahaustorial membrane

description: The membrane surrounding the symbiont haustorium during symbiosis, derived from the host plasma membrane.


actin tubule

description: A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.


old cell pole

description: The cell pole distal from the most recent cell division.


new cell pole

description: The cell pole proximal to the most recent cell division.


description: A membrane-bounded flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.


P6 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.


perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum.


polyadic synapse

description: A synapse consisting of a single presynapse and multiple postsynapses. These postsynapses may come from the same cell of from different cells. Polyadic synapses are common in arthropod and nematode central nervous systems.


mating projection membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.


rod photoreceptor outer segment

description: The outer segment of a vertebrate rod photoreceptor that contains sealed membrane discs that are not connected to the ciliary membrane and containing rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins.


name: lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole

description: A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.


host extracellular space

description: The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring

description: A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments, myosin, and myosin-associated proteins that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the mitotic spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two future daughter cells. In animal cells, the mitotic contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the mitotic contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.


multiple synapse bouton

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


intracellular organelle lumen

description: An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.


host cell wall

description: The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.


plastid intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.


mating projection tip membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection tip.


name: mitotic spindle pole body attachment site

description: A region of the nuclear envelope to which a spindle pole body (SPB) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.


rhabdomere microvillus membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus of a rhabdomere.


Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall

description: A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. Examples of this component are found in Gram-positive bacteria.


type I terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


fungal-type cell wall

description: A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.


name: multiple synapse bouton, contacting multiple dendrites

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from multiple dendrites.


host cell membrane pore complex

description: Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.


pellicular membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the pellicle, a structure enclosing some parasite cells such as certain apicomplexa and Euglenozoa. These membranes are associated with an infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments, and other organelles.


leading edge of lamellipodium

description: That part of the lamellipodium which represents the distal part of the structure.


right ventral basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right ventral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


intracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


chloroplast inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.


plant-type cell wall

description: A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances.


terminal cisterna lumen

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.


glycosome

description: A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.


type II terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


periarbuscular membrane

description: A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont arbuscule during symbiosis.


symbiont-containing vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a symbiont-containing vacuole, derived from both the host and symbiont.


name: symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse

description: A neuron to neuron synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization, uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.


P3 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


host cell endomembrane system

description: A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: extrinsic component of periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

description: The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


nucleus

description: A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.


dendritic knob

description: The terminal swelling of an apical dendrite of a ciliated olfactory receptor neuron. Each knob gives rise to 5 to 20 long delicate nonmotile cilia, which extend into the mucus covering the sensory epithelium.


sperm glycocalyx

description: The carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a sperm cell.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


spindle pole body

description: The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


meiotic spindle pole

description: Either of the ends of a meiotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of meiosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


primary cell wall

description: A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.


S-layer

description: A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.


kinociliary basal body

description: A ciliary basal body that is part of a kinocilium.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network

description: A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of flattened, disc-shaped domains known as cisternae. These are typically found close to the nucleus and are generally more prominent in secretory cells.


host cell junction

description: A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two host cells or between a host cell and the host extracellular matrix. At a host cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the host plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.


mossy fiber rosette

description: A synapse of a mossy fiber onto the dendrite of a granule cell; each mossy fiber can have up to 50 rosettes.


host cell late endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.


name: endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane

description: The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


autolysosome lumen

description: The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane.


vesicle

description: Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


cofilin-actin rod

description: A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and disulfide cross-linked cofilin multimers.


bounding membrane of organelle

description: The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.


type Is terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the phasic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Is terminal boutons are smaller than type Ib terminal boutons.


name: host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endosome.


cyanelle intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer.


lysosomal glycocalyx

description: The polysaccharide-based coating on the inner side of a lysosomal membrane. It may be involved in protecting the membrane from digestion by lysosomal enzymes.


host cell postsynaptic membrane

description: A postsynaptic membrane that is part of a host cell. A postsynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic membrane.


mating projection tip

description: The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


non-growing cell tip

description: A cell tip at which no growth takes place. For example, in fission yeast the cell end newly formed by cell division does not grow immediately upon its formation, and lacks actin cytoskeletal structures.


name: host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


name: perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse

description: A neuron to neuron synapse of a pyramidal neuron in the entorhinal cortex onto a granule cell in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.


Woronin body

description: Peroxisome-derived dense-core vesicle that seals septal pores upon hyphal lysis to prevent excessive cytoplasmic loss. It is specific to several genera of filamentous ascomycetes.


meiotic spindle pole body

description: The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the meiotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


left posteriolateral basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


dendriole

description: Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).


plasma membrane of growing cell tip

description: Any plasma membrane part that is part of a growing cell tip.


Golgi stack lumen

description: The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


pollen wall

description: The wall surrounding a mature pollen grain; a multilayered structure consisting of a pectocellulosic intine surrounded by a sporopollenin-based exine, which itself contains two layers, the inner nexine and the outer sexine.


host cell part

description: Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular bud tip

description: The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.


slime layer

description: A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.


host cell envelope

description: An envelope that surrounds a bacterial host cell and includes the host cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the host periplasmic space, host cell wall, and host outer membrane if present.


cell junction

description: A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


sperm head plasma membrane

description: The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.


rod bipolar cell terminal bouton

description: A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a rod bipolar axon. A rod bipolar cell is a neuron found in the retina and having connections with rod photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


vascular endothelial glycocalyx

description: The carbohydrate-rich layer lining the vascular endothelium connected to the endothelium through a variety of molecules, mainly proteoglycans and glycoproteins. These form a network in which soluble molecules, either plasma- or endothelium-derived, are incorporated.


host cell membrane

description: Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsule

description: A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and cannot be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherence, and resistance to desiccation.


C bouton

description: Synaptic bouton found in spinal cord on the soma and proximal dendrites of motor neurons.


membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


meiotic actomyosin contractile ring

description: A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments, myosin, and myosin-associated proteins that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the meiotic spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two future daughter cells. In animal cells, the meiotic contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In fungal cells, the meiotic contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall

description: A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan (also known as murein), a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids. An example of this component is found in Escherichia coli.


cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


intracellular anatomical structure

description: A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


organelle lumen

description: The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.


glyoxysome

description: A specialized form of peroxisome that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxysome is found in some plant cells, notably the cells of germinating seeds.


membrane

description: A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.


hyphal membrane

description: A host-derived membrane surrounding the symbiont hypha during infection.


glutamatergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


cellularization cleavage furrow

description: A plasma membrane invagination at the site of separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells.


postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.


organelle membrane

description: A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


hyphal cell wall

description: The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.


Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse

description: A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.


stereocilium coat

description: A glycocalyx on the the endolymphatic surface of a cochlear hair cell that coats the external surface of each stereocilium and maintains a small distance between adjacent stereocilia in the bundle.


neuron to neuron synapse

description: A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


name: hinge region between urothelial plaques of apical plasma membrane

description: A narrow rim of non-thickened membrane in between urothelial plaques in apical plasma membrane.


plant-type vacuole lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


basal pole of outer hair cell

description: The end of the outer hair cell which receives and transmits neural signals.


host peribacteroid fluid

description: The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.


plasma membrane of cell tip

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.


serotonergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


right anterior basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right anterior flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


name: extrinsic component of cell outer membrane

description: The component of the cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


right posteriolateral basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right posteriolateral flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


protein storage vacuole lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.


cone photoreceptor outer segment

description: The outer segment of a vertebrate cone photoreceptor that contains membrane discs that are contiguous with the ciliary membrane and containing opsin photoreceptor proteins.


autophagosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the autophagosome double-membrane.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


dopaminergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


noradrenergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter.


name: postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse

description: A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic densities found in asymmetric synapses.


chromoplast intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.


basal pole of neuron

description: Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.


fungal-type vacuole lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


apical pole of neuron

description: Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.


host cell presynaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


somatic ring canal

description: A stable intercellular bridge between somatic cells. Examples include the intercellular bridges between ovarian follicle cells in insects and between imaginal disc cells in insects.


type III terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a non-glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters at a regulatory synapse. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. Type III terminal boutons are larger than type II ones.


muscle cell postsynaptic specialization

description: A postsynaptic specialization that is part of a neuromuscular junction.


meiotic spindle midzone

description: The area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


actin rod

description: A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Actin rod structures are found in diverse organisms, having been observed in spores of Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster oocytes, as well as in numerous animal cells under stress conditions.


plastid inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.


plant-type vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


prospore contractile ring

description: A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.


name: extrinsic component of thylakoid membrane

description: The component of a thylakoid membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


membrane-enclosed lumen

description: The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.


cyst wall

description: The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a cyst. A cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions. In protists such as protozoan parasites alternating cystic- and non-cystic stages, the cyst wall is usually composed of carbohydrates and proteins.


host cell periplasmic space

description: The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).


root hair tip

description: The tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell.


P4 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


host caveola

description: A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organelle envelope

description: A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.


synaptonemal structure

description: A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


old growing cell tip

description: A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs. For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


cellular bud neck

description: The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.


GABA-ergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.


symbiont-containing vacuolar space

description: The space between a symbiont plasma membrane and the symbiont-containing vacuole membrane.


name: extrinsic component of external side of cell outer membrane

description: The component of a cell outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


aortico-pulmonary spiral septum

description: The spiral septum that separates the truncus arteriosus into a ventral pulmonary trunk and the dorsal aorta[MP]. The aorticopulmonary septum is developmentally formed from neural crest, specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile, hemodynamic, and extracellular matrix interactions.


ion

A molecular entity having a net electric charge.


anion

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.


polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of more than one atom.


pedal ganglion

description: The pedal ganglia mainly are necessary for coordination of locomotion of a snail.


neural crest-derived structure

description: An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest.


ventricular septum intermedium

description: Endocardial cushions project into the atrial canal, and, meeting in the middle line, unite to form the septum intermedium which divides the canal into two channels, the future right and left atrioventricular orifices[Gray's via WP].


lumbar dorsal root ganglion

description: The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.


name: profundal part of trigeminal ganglion complex


atrioventricular septum

description: The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve.


name: maxillomandibular part of trigeminal ganglion complex


inherited disease susceptibility

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.


muscle structure

description: Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].


ectoderm-derived structure

description: An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.


outflow tract septum

description: The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


name: structure with developmental contribution from neural crest

description: An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.


lateral structure

description: Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.


parietal ganglion

description: A lateral ganglion that innervates pallial cavity, gills and skin of a snail[BTO,modified].


septum

description: A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP].


mesoderm-derived structure

description: An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.


abdominal ganglion of visceral hump

description: An unpaired knot of nerves in The visceral sacs that innervates the pallial organs as well as the inner organs.


excretory system

description: An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


description: An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.


endoderm-derived structure

description: An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.


atrial septum intermedium

description: Missing definition for term UBERON:0004159. Please replace it using linked reference.


gastropod cerebral ganglion

description: The cerebral ganglia are primarily sensual centres, that compute information from the eyes as well as from the tactile and position sensors (statocystes). Besides coordination they also serve the locational memory of a snail.


metal atom

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


macrocycle

A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.


chemical entity

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


chemical substance

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.


heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.


polyatomic entity

Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.


mineral

In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


atom

A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.


ring assembly

Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.


mineral nutrient

A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


description: A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex).


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


transition element atom

An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


molecular entity

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.


virion component

description: Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.


disease susceptibility

description: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.