name: Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2a, N0, M0); IIB (T1, N1, M0), (T2, N1, M0), (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N0, M0); (T2b, N0, M0); (T2b, N1, M0).  T2: Tumor extends to soft tissues.  T2a: Tumor extends to the oropharynx and/or nasal cavity without parapharyngeal extension.  T2b: Any tumor with parapharyngeal extension.  N1: Unilateral metastasis in lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage IVC Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma AJCC v7

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Pharyngeal cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of carcinoma of the pharynx after a period of remission.


name: Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


name: Stage II Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma 45 Years and Older AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Thyroid Gland Secretory Carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of cells that secrete eosinophilic material. It is composed of cystic spaces, tubular structures, and solid areas. ETV6 translocations and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion are present.


Refractory Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: HPV-Mediated (p16-Positive) Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

description: A term that refers to the pathologic staging of HPV-mediated (p16-positive) oropharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: Under 45 years: Any T, Any N, M1.  45 years and older: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


carcinoma in situ of hypopharynx

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the hypopharynx.


name: Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Under 45 Years AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: Any T, Any N, M0.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis.  (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


thyroid gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A primary, low grade carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of groups of squamoid and mucous cells, surrounded by fibrous tissue. Prominent cystic structures may be present. The clinical course is usually indolent.


name: Stage IVC Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Oropharyngeal lymphepithelioma

description: A non-keratinizing carcinoma arising from the oropharynx.  It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


name: Stage IVB Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Supraglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Glottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Subglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland medullary carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0.  T4b: Anaplastic carcinoma with gross extrathyroid extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVC Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma, Clear Cell Variant

description: A morphologic variant of follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance of malignant follicular clear cells.  These cells lack the nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.


name: Metastatic Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Very advanced disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IV Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0; IVB: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: T1-T3a, N0/NX, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Warthin-Like Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A rare variant of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma characterized by the presence of eosinophilic large cells lining the papillae and a brisk lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the papillary stalks.


Stage IVC Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


parathyroid gland carcinoma

description: A very rare, slow-growing, clinically serious endocrine tumor that generally develops in mid-adulthood. PRTC presents as a palpable painless mass in the neck and causes severe hypercalcemia and related symptoms, non-specific gastrointestinal manifestations, as well as renal and bone complications related to primary hyperparathyroidism (nephrolithiasis, impaired renal function, osteoporosis, bone pain, and pathologic fractures, etc.). Some PRTCs are however non-functioning tumors.


name: Stage IVB Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Tumor with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal structures.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Nasopharyngeal Differentiated Carcinoma

description: A nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma characterized by the presence of cells without prominent nucleoli, cellular stratification, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8


Childhood Laryngeal Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the larynx that occurs during childhood.


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma, Widely Invasive

description: A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland with extension into surrounding thyroid or extrathyroid tissues.


Childhood Parathyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the parathyroid gland that occurs during childhood.


glottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the glottic area of the larynx. It usually presents with hoarseness.


Laryngeal Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of laryngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IVA Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0). T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, cricoid cartilage, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). T3: Supraglottis: Tumor is limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades any of the following: postcricoid area, preepiglottic space, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage. Glottis: Tumor is limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and /or invades the paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage. Subglottis: Tumor is limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades the paraglottic space and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage. T1: Supraglottis: Tumor is limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor is limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility. Subglottis: Tumor is limited to the subglottis. T2: Supraglottis: Tumor invades the mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of the tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx. Glottis: Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility. Subglottis: Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Oropharyngeal p16INK4a-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: An oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma which is negative for p16INK4a by immunohistochemistry. This negative immunohistochemistry result does not exclude human papillomavirus infection.


name: Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx after a period of remission.


name: Stage IVC Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage III HPV-Mediated (p16-Positive) Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T0, N3, M0); (T1, N3, M0); (T2, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T0: No primary identified. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. T4: Tumor with moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible or beyond. Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of the larynx. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or more ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm. N2: Tumor with contralateral or bilateral lymph nodes metastasis, none larger than 6 cm. N3: Tumor with lymph node(s) metastasis, larger than 6 cm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage II Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: (Supraglottis) Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx.  (Glottis) Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility.  (Subglottis) Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma

description: A rare primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant epithelial cells associated with abundant extracellular mucin deposition.


name: Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stage II

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0).  T1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor confined to the nasopharynx, or tumor extending to oropharynx and/or nasal cavity without parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor. T2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage I Oropharyngeal (p16-Negative) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: columnar cell variant thyroid gland papillary carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of pseudostratified malignant follicular cells.


undifferentiated carcinoma of larynx

description: An undifferentiated carcinoma that arises from the larynx.  This category includes lymphoepithelial carcinoma and giant cell carcinoma.


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage III Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to the subglottis.  T2: Supraglottis: Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx.  Glottis: Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. T3: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades any of the following: postcricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage.  Glottis: Tumor limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invasion of paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Postcricoid cancer

description: A carcinoma of the hypopharynx that arises from the postcricoid region.


name: Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0; IVB: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage I Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


subglottis squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the subglottic area. Symptoms include dyspnea and stridor. It spreads to the hypopharynx, trachea, and thyroid gland.


Metastatic Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: familial papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma

description: A papillary or follicular thyroid gland carcinoma with a genetic component that develops within the same family. Current studies suggest that it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is often multifocal and bilateral and usually affects younger patients.


name: Oropharyngeal lymphoepithelioma stage III

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma 55 Years and Older AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0/NX, M0); (T2, N0/NX, M0).  T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage II Oropharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Throat cancer

description: Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from epithelial cells of the larynx or pharynx.


Laryngeal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of laryngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: follicular variant thyroid gland papillary carcinoma

description: A nonencapsulated variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance of follicular structures. The malignant follicular cells display the nuclear features that characterize the papillary adenocarcinomas of the thyroid gland.


name: Stage II Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


name: Stage II Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: (Supraglottis) Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx.  (Glottis) Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility.  (Subglottis) Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: An oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


name: Hypopharyngeal Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the hypopharynx. It is characterized by exophytic and papillary growth. The papillae are covered by a malignant stratified squamous epithelium.


name: Stage 0 Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6, v7, and v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th, 7th, and 8th eds.)


name: Stage IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0). T4: Nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension and/or involvement of cranial nerves, hypopharynx, orbit, or with extension to the infratemporal fossa/masticator space.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  N2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


carcinoma of soft palate

description: A carcinoma that arises from the soft palate. The majority are squamous cell carcinomas.


name: Refractory Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage I Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Supraglottis: Tumor is limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor is limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility. Subglottis: Tumor is limited to the subglottis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Resectable Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IV Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4a: Tumor with moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades the thyroid/cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, thyroid gland, or central compartment soft tissue.  Central compartment soft tissue includes prelaryngeal strap muscles and subcutaneous fat.  T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor invades more than one subsite of the hypopharynx or an adjacent site, or measures more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest diameter without fixation of hemilarynx.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension or tumor with fixation of hemilarynx or extension to esophagus.  T4b: Tumor with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


intrathyroid thymic carcinoma

description: A rare primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, composed of groups of carcinoma cells with thymic epithelial differentiation.


name: Advanced Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland anaplastic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


epiglottis cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the epiglottis. The vast majority of cases are squamous cell carcinomas.


name: Stage IVB Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0). T4b: Very advanced local disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal structures. N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node larger than 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph nodes any with ENE(+). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Differentiated High Grade Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: A follicular-derived thyroid gland carcinoma that is histologically differentiated and has high-grade features.


Locally Advanced Pharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Pharyngeal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Refractory Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland papillary carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


pharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the pharynx.


name: Stage I Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor confined to the nasopharynx, or tumor extending to oropharynx and/or nasal cavity without parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of follicular thyroid gland carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0).  T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII). M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IV Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  T4b: Supraglottis, Glottis, and Subglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland follicular carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Clear Cell Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance of malignant follicular clear cells.  These cells have the nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.


name: thyroid gland cribriform morular carcinoma

description: A thyroid gland carcinoma characterized by the presence of cribriform, trabecular, follicular, papillary, and solid growth patterns and squamoid morulae formation. It may occur with familial adenomatous polyposis or sporadically.


Oropharyngeal cancer recurrent

description: The reemergence of oropharyngeal carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma after a period of remission.


Advanced Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IVC Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: HPV-Mediated (p16-Positive) Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

description: A term that refers to the clinical staging of HPV-mediated (p16-positive) oropharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Stage IVC Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of hypopharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M0. 55 years and older: (T1, N0/NX, M0); (T2, N0/NX, M0).  T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: 55 years and older: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVC Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: thyroid gland mixed medullary and follicular cell-derived carcinoma

description: A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland containing a medullary carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for calcitonin, and follicular cell-derived carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for thyroglobulin.


Advanced Pharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Pharyngeal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma 55 Years and Older AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx

description: A undifferentiated carcinoma that involves the nasopharynx.


Stage III Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T3: Supraglottis: Tumor is limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades any of the following: postcricoid area, preepiglottic space, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage. Glottis: Tumor is limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and /or invades the paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage. Subglottis: Tumor is limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades the paraglottic space and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage. T1: Supraglottis: Tumor is limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor is limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility. Subglottis: Tumor is limited to the subglottis. T2: Supraglottis: Tumor invades the mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of the tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx. Glottis: Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility. Subglottis: Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension and ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Mixed Medullary and Papillary Carcinoma

description: A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland containing a medullary carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for calcitonin, and papillary carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for thyroglobulin.


Nasopharyngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Nasopharyngeal Papillary Adenocarcinoma

description: A low-grade exophytic adenocarcinoma with papillary growth that arises from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. If it is completely removed, the prognosis is excellent.


Laryngeal Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive carcinoma that arises from the larynx.  It is characterized by the presence of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma components.  Hoarseness, sore throat, and dysphagia are the presenting symptoms.


name: Stage III Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IV Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades thyroid/cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, thyroid gland, or central compartment soft tissue. Central compartment soft tissue includes prelaryngeal strap muscles and subcutaneous fat. T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor invading more than one subsite of hypopharynx or an adjacent site, or measuring more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension without fixation of hemilarynx. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or with fixation of hemilarynx or extension to esophagus. T4b: Very advanced local disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia, encases carotid artery, or involves mediastinal structures.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE (-). N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node larger than 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph nodes any with ENE(+). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


supraglottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the supraglottic area of the larynx.


name: Follicular-Derived Thyroid Gland Carcinoma, High Grade

description: A thyroid gland carcinoma that arises from follicular cells and is characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity and necrotic changes in the absence of anaplastic histological features. This category includes poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma and differentiated high-grade thyroid gland carcinoma.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII). M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage III Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension or with fixation of hemilarynx.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: T4a, Any N, M0.  T4a: Intrathyroidal anaplastic carcinoma. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Oropharyngeal (p16-Negative) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible. Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of the larynx. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IV Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Tumor with moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible.  Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of larynx. T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  T4b: Tumor with very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, or skull base or encases carotid artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node more than 6 cm in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: Under 55 years: Any T, Any N, M1; 55 years and older: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage II Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma 55 Years and Older AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3a/T3b, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3a: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, or omohyoid muscles) from a tumor of any size. N1: Metastasis to regional nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


tonsil carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that involves the tonsil.


name: Squamous cell carcinoma of piriform sinus

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the pyriform sinus.  Patients usually present with advanced stage disease and the prognosis is poor.


laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the larynx. It is the most common histologic type of laryngeal carcinoma. It can arise from the glottis, supraglottic area, or it can be transglottic. Glottic squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent laryngeal carcinoma in the United States. The symptoms, clinical behavior and the prognosis depend on the site of origin within the larynx.


Stage IVB Laryngeal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: (T4b, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T4b: Supraglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Glottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures. Subglottis: Very advanced local disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral space, encases carotid artery, or invades mediastinal structures.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma stage IV

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (T4, N2, M0); IVB (Any T, N3, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension and/or involvement of cranial nerves, hypopharynx, orbit, or with extension to the infratemporal fossa/masticator space.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  N2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes. N3: Nasopharyngeal cancer with metastasis in a lymph node (s) more than 6 cm in greatest dimension and/or to supraclavicular fossa.  Supraclavicular zone or fossa is relevant to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is the triangular region originally described by Ho.  It is defined by three points: (1) the superior margin of the sternal end of the clavicle, (2) the superior margin of the lateral end of the clavicle, (3) the point where the neck meets the shoulder.  This would include caudal portions of levels IV and VB.  All cases with lymph nodes (whole or part) in the fossa are considered N3b.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Parathyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of parathyroid gland carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: 55 years and older: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading prevertebral fascia or encasing the carotid artery or mediastinal vessels from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stage III

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 centimeters in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


carcinoma of pharynx

description: A carcinoma that involves the pharynx.


name: thyroid gland oncocytic follicular carcinoma

description: A follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei with prominent, eosinophilic nucleoli. The nuclear features that characterize the papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland are absent.


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Oncocytic Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland oncocytic carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: Under 45 years: Any T, Any N, M0.  45 years and older: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No evidence of distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


subglottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the subglottic area.


name: Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma stage III

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0). T1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor confined to the nasopharynx, or tumor extending to oropharynx and/or nasal cavity without parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor. T2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with parapharyngeal extension.  Parapharyngeal extension denotes posterolateral infiltration of tumor.  T3: Nasopharyngeal cancer with tumor involving bony structures of skull base and/or paranasal sinuses.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Nasopharyngeal cancer with unilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa, and/or unilateral or bilateral, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 6 cm or less in greatest dimension.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes.  N2: Nasopharyngeal cancer with bilateral metastasis in cervical lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa.  Midline nodes are considered ipsilateral nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma, Encapsulated Angioinvasive

description: An encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland which shows angioinvasion.


name: Stage I Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: (Supraglottis) Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. (Glottis) Tumor limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility.  (Subglottis) Tumor limited to the subglottis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


carcinoma in situ of oropharynx

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the oropharynx.


name: Stage I Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7


name: Metastatic Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A papillary carcinoma that arises from the thyroid gland and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Stage IVB Pharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage IVB carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Unresectable Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma Under 55 Years AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage I Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor confined to the nasopharynx. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7


name: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx after a period of remission.


Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the soft palate.  It usually presents as an ulcerated or fungating mass.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Oropharyngeal Basaloid Carcinoma

description: A high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the oropharynx. It is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant amount of cytoplasm forming lobules with peripheral palisading.


name: Stage III Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1a, M0); (T2, N1a, M0); (T3, N1a, M0). T3: Tumor greater than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


thyroid gland follicular carcinoma

description: A differentiated adenocarcinoma arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. The nuclear features which characterize the thyroid gland papillary carcinoma are absent. Radiation exposure is a risk factor and it comprises approximately 10% to 15% of thyroid cancers. Clinically, it usually presents as a solitary mass in the thyroid gland. It is generally unifocal and thickly encapsulated and shows invasion of the capsule or the vessels. Diagnostic procedures include thyroid ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.


name: Stage IV Thyroid Gland Follicular Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: IVA (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0); IVB (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  T4b: Very advanced disease.  Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVA Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes).  N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII).  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than 4 cm in greatest dimension limited to the thyroid. T3: Tumor measuring 4 cm or more in greatest dimension or with extrathyroidal extension. N0: No evidence of locoregional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


subglottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the subglottic area of the larynx.


name: Stage I Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to one subsite of hypopharynx and/or 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


hypopharyngeal carcinoma

description: Carcinoma, predominantly squamous cell, arising from the epithelial cells of the hypopharynx.


name: Stage IVA Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); T4a: Supraglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades through the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscle of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Glottis: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades through the outer cortex of the thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus). Subglottis: Moderately advanced local disease.  Tumor invades cricoid or thyroid cartilage and/or invades tissues beyond the larynx (e.g., trachea, soft tissues of neck including deep extrinsic muscles of the tongue, strap muscles, thyroid, or esophagus).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: poorly differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the thyroid gland showing only limited evidence of follicular cell differentiation. Microscopically, the adenocarcinoma cells are arranged in insular, solid, and trabecular patterns. There is associated necrosis, and vascular invasion. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage, complete or partial surgical removal of the tumor, and the degree of response to radioactive iodine therapy (adapted from WHO Tumors of Endocrine Organs, IARC Press, Lyon 2004)


Stage IV Laryngeal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the larynx and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Oropharyngeal Human Papillomavirus-Independent Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: An oropharyngeal human papillomavirus-independent squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratinization and intercellular bridges.


Stage IV Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage IV carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Oropharyngeal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the oropharynx.


name: Locally Advanced Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: T4b, Any N, M0. T4b: Very advanced disease. Tumor invades prevertebral fascia or encases carotid artery or mediastinal vessels. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: A thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


description: The reemergence of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma

description: Differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Oropharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of oropharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


larynx verrucous carcinoma

description: A well differentaited, non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the larynx. It is an exophytic, warty, and slow growing tumor affecting predominantly older men. It is associated with tobacco smoking. Symptoms include hoarseness, airway obstruction, weight loss, dysphagia, and throat pain. If left untreated, it may cause extensive local destruction.


name: Sporadic Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: A non-hereditary medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland not associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia.  The majority of thyroid gland medullary carcinomas are sporadic.


name: Stage I Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Hobnail Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A rare variant of papillary thyroid gland carcinoma in which more than 30% of cells have hobnail features. (WHO)


name: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of thyroid gland papillary carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Advanced Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage III Laryngeal Verrucous Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T1: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to one subsite of supraglottis with normal vocal cord mobility. Glottis: Tumor limited to the vocal cord(s) (may involve anterior or posterior commissure) with normal mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to the subglottis.  T2: Supraglottis: Tumor invades mucosa of more than one adjacent subsite of supraglottis or glottis or region outside the supraglottis (e.g., mucosa of base of tongue, vallecula, medial wall of pyriform sinus) without fixation of the larynx.  Glottis: Tumor extends to supraglottis and/or subglottis, and/or with impaired vocal cord mobility.  Subglottis: Tumor extends to vocal cord(s) with normal or impaired mobility. T3: Supraglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invades any of the following: postcricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of thyroid cartilage.  Glottis: Tumor limited to the larynx with vocal cord fixation and/or invasion of paraglottic space, and/or inner cortex of the thyroid cartilage.  Subglottis: Tumor limited to larynx with vocal cord fixation.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3cm or less in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Childhood Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: A nasopharyngeal carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx after a period of remission.


Stage III Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0).  T3: Tumor involves bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses. N2: Bilateral metastasis in lymph node(s), 6 cm or less in greatest dimension, above the supraclavicular fossa. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Macrofollicular Variant Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the predominance or the exclusive presence of macrofollicles.  Some of the malignant follicular cells display the nuclear features that characterize the papillary adenocarcinomas of the thyroid gland.


name: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma

description: A papillary carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland from multiple foci.


glottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the glottis.


name: Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasopharynx and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


name: Locally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma

description: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Resectable Oropharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma

description: Oropharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage III carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Stage III Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: 55 years and older: T4a, Any N, M0. T4a: Gross extrathyroidal extension invading subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve from a tumor of any size. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of thyroid gland medullary carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid gland carcinomas are staged according to the classification for thyroid-differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVC includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Advanced Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Clinical Stage II HPV-Mediated (p16-Positive) Oropharyngeal Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T0, N2, M0); (T1, N2, M0) ;(T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0). T0: No primary identified. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or more ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm. N2: Tumor with contralateral or bilateral lymph nodes metastasis, none larger than 6 cm. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Pharynx Carcinoma

description: Stage II carcinoma of the pharynx according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th, 7th, and 8th editions.


name: Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma, Osteoclastic Variant

description: An extremely rare morphologic variant of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, characterized by the presence of large numbers of non-neoplastic, osteoclast-like giant cells.


name: Stage IV Oropharyngeal (p16-Negative) Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); IVB: (Any T, N3, M0); (T4b, Any N, M0); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor invades the larynx, extrinsic muscle of tongue, medial pterygoid, hard palate, or mandible. Mucosal extension to lingual surface of epiglottis from primary tumors of the base of the tongue and vallecula does not constitute invasion of the larynx. T1: Tumor 2 cm or smaller in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor larger than 2 cm but not larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor larger than 4 cm in greatest dimension or extension to lingual surface of epiglottis. T4b: Very advanced local disease. Tumor invades lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid plates, lateral nasopharynx, or skull base or encases carotid artery. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE (-). N2: Tumor with metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or smaller in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or larger than 3 cm but not larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastases in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-). N3: Tumor with metastasis in a lymph node larger than 6 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(-); or metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node larger than 3 cm in greatest dimension and ENE(+); or metastases in multiple ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral lymph nodes any with ENE(+). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage I Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma Under 55 Years AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: Any T, Any N, M0. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Unresectable Hereditary Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

description: Hereditary thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Papillary Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T4a, N1a, M0); (T1, N1b, M0); (T2, N1b, M0); (T3, N1b, M0); (T4a, N1b, M0). T4a: Moderately advanced local disease. Tumor of any size extending beyond the thyroid gland capsule to invade subcutaneous soft tissues, larynx, trachea, esophagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. T1: Tumor size 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 4 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the thyroid gland. T3: Tumor more than 4 cm in greatest dimension and limited to the thyroid gland, or tumor of any size with minimal extrathyroid extension (e.g., extension to sternothyroid muscle or perithyroid soft tissues). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1a: Metastasis to pretracheal, paratracheal or prelaryngeal/Delphian lymph nodes (Level VI lymph nodes). N1b: Metastasis to unilateral, bilateral or contralateral cervical (Levels I, II, III, IV, or V) or retropharyngeal or superior mediastinal lymph nodes (Level VII). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


paracardiac lymph node

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


central nervous system fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal fibroblastic neoplasm affecting the soft tissue and bone.


liver fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Unresectable Myxofibrosarcoma

description: A myxofibrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Sinonasal Fibrosarcoma

description: A fibrosarcoma that arises from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.


small intestinal fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


kidney fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


breast fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Metastatic Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Epithelioid myxofibrosarcoma

description: A rare subtype of myxofibrosarcoma composed predominantly of malignant epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.


fibrosarcoma of ovary

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the ovary.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma

description: A low grade, locally aggressive, fibroblastic neoplasm that occurs primarily in the distal extremities.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multivacuolated lipoblast-like cells, bizarre ganglion-like cells with inclusion-like nuclei, myxoid stroma formation, and a mixture of acute and chronic inflammatory cells.  Distant metastases are very rare.


heart fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the heart. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


myxofibrosarcoma

description: A malignant fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells, cellular pleomorphism, thin-walled blood vessels, fibrous septa, and myxoid stroma.


Cardiac Myxofibrosarcoma

description: A low-grade sarcoma that arises from the heart. It is composed of spindle or rounded cells in a myxoid stroma. The most common location is the left atrium.


name: Tongue Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the tongue.


Locally Advanced Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Gingival Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the gingiva.


Myxofibrosarcoma of skin

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that arises from the dermis.


name: Oral Cavity Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

description: A low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from the oral cavity.


Advanced Myxofibrosarcoma

description: Myxofibrosarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin

description: The persistence of substantial fetal hemoglobin production into adulthood, usually associated with hemoglobinopathies due to mutations in the alpha and/or beta chain of hemoglobin.


name: mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants

description: Infant acute respiratory distress syndrome is a lung disorder that affects premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs. The symptoms usually appear shortly after birth and may include tachypnea, tachycardia, chest wall retractions (recession), expiratory grunting, nasal flaring and cyanosis during breathing efforts.


familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

description: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a generally asymptomatic genetic disorder of phosphocalcic metabolism characterized by lifelong moderate hypercalcemia along with normo- or hypocalciuria and elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration.


name: Rajab interstitial lung disease with brain calcifications 2


name: primary pulmonary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

description: A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is localized to the lungs at the time of presentation. Signs and symptoms include cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis.


name: pneumonia caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

description: A rare pulmonary disease characterized by primary or nonbacteremic pneumonia most frequently arising in an intensive care setting, or bacteremic pneumonia, which is typically associated with neutropenia. Chronic lower respiratory tract infection with development of episodes of pneumonia is common in patients with cystic fibrosis. Acute infections are potentially life-threatening. Patients present with fever, chills, dyspnea, cyanosis, productive cough, as well as signs of severe systemic toxicity. Alveolar hemorrhage, necrosis, and, eventually, cavity formation, are commonly seen.


non-specific interstitial pneumonia

description: Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitial lung tissue. It includes cases that cannot be classified into one of the other types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.


name: primary interstitial lung disease specific to childhood


lung sclerosing hemangioma

description: A benign tumor that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of sclerotic, papillary, solid, and hemorrhagic patterns and hyperplastic type II pneumocytes. Cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin deposition, chronic inflammation, and calcifications may be present. In the majority of cases, it is a solitary and peripheral tumor. Patients are usually asymptomatic.


lung papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially. It is classified as squamous cell, glandular, or mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma. Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.


silicotuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with silicosis (that is caused by inhalation of silica dust particles). The risk of a patient with silicosis developing pulmonary tuberculosis and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than in healthy population.


cork-handlers' disease

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by inhalation of cork dust containing the antigens produced by the fungus Penicillium glabrum. The symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing cough, fever and asthenia.


non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells. It includes the clear cell and papillary variants of squamous cell carcinoma.


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 8


lung large cell carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated non-small cell lung carcinoma composed of large polygonal cells without evidence of glandular or squamous differentiation. There is a male predilection.


mushroom workers' lung

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis involving inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to the inhalation of organic dust particles derived from either the mushrooms, their spores or the compost in which the mushrooms are grown. It is usually caused by the spores of thermophilic actinomycetes.


pneumoconiosis

description: An occupational lung disorder caused by inhalation of dust particles. It is characterized by bilateral interstitial lung infiltrates. Representative examples include asbestosis, silicosis, anthracosis, and talc pneumoconiosis.


name: mixed mucinous and nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bronchiolo-alveolar lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of both mucin and non-mucin producing cells.


pneumonic plague

description: A plague in which the bacteria have infected the lungs.


clear cell-sugar-tumor of the lung

description: A rare benign lung tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation. It is composed of round or oval cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are discovered incidentally. Excision is curative.


pleuropulmonary blastoma type 2

description: A pleuropulmonary blastoma composed of malignant small cells and characterized by the presence of a sarcomatous component. It usually follows an aggressive clinical course.


description: Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with pulmonary fibrosis as a complication includes two types (HPS-1 and HPS-4) of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a multi-system disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and, in some cases, pulmonary fibrosis or granulomatous colitis.


acute bronchiolitis

description: Acute inflammation of the bronchioles usually caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.


name: autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

description: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of a lipoproteinaceous substance in the distal air spaces which positively stains with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS).


name: pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection


name: respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

description: Bronciolitis caused by infection with respiratory syncytial virus.


pleuropneumonia

description: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura.


name: large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype

description: A rare poorly differentiated morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.


name: Langerhans cell histiocytosis specific to adulthood

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs during adulthood.


toxic bronchiolitis

description: Bronchiolitis as a response to a toxic exposure.


chronic bronchitis

description: A type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the bronchial tree that results in edema, mucus production, obstruction, and reduced airflow to and from the lung alveoli. The most common cause is tobacco smoking. Signs and symptoms include coughing with excessive mucus production, and shortness of breath.


staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

description: An pneumonia caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus.


pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis

description: Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is a rare non-lethal pediatric form of interstitial lung disease (ILD).


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure syndrome, telomere-related, 7


name: pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 2


name: acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia

description: A rare pulmonary disease with histological pattern of interstitial pneumonitis characterized by the deposit of intra-alveolar fibrin and diffuse organizing pneumonia within the alveolar ducts and bronchioles, with large etiological spectra.


diffuse panbronchiolitis

description: Diffuse panbronchiolitis is a rare chronic inflammatory obstructive pulmonary disease primarily affecting the respiratory bronchioles throughout both lungs and inducing sinobronchial infection. Onset occurs in the second to fifth decade of life and manifests by chronic cough, exertional dyspnea, and sputum production. Most patients also have chronic paranasal sinusitis


combined small cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of small cell lung carcinoma in combination with a non-small cell carcinoma.


endobronchial leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising endobronchially. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


lung leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


description: A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by cells with cuboidal or columnar morphology with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and shows Clara cell or type 2 pneumocyte differentiation.


Legionnaires' disease

description: A pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella species, which is characterized by fever, cough, progressive respiratory distress, and which is often accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations.


dystrophic pulmonary ossification

description: A rare lung disorder characterized by ectopic bone formation within lung parenchyma. DPO can be idiopathic or associated with a variety of cardiovascular, respiratory diseases or other disorders. There are mainly two forms of DPO: nodular and dendriform.


pneumonia caused by chlamydia

description: An pneumonia caused by infection with Chlamydia.


name: epithelial predominant pulmonary blastoma

description: A non-encapsulated, well defined pulmonary blastoma, composed of irregular tubular structures. It affects mostly middle-aged adults and it is rare in children. The prognosis is better compared to the biphasic pulmonary blastoma.


acinar lung adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of acinar structures composed of columnar or cuboidal cells. (NCI05)


baritosis

description: A rare type of pneumoconiosis caused by long standing exposure to barium dust. It is characterized by the formation of fine dense lesions in the lung parenchyma. The lesions do not affect the lung function and disappear without treatment after the exposure to barium dust stops.


lung hilum neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of the lung.


invasive aspergillosis

description: An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage.


fibroma of lung

description: A fibroma that involves the lung.


toxic bronchiolitis obliterans

description: Toxic bronchiolitis whereby a biospy has shown an obliteration of broncioles.


lung hilum carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising from the hilum of the lung.


alveoli adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed lung neoplasm morphologically characterized by the presence of cystic spaces resembling alveoli, lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. The cystic spaces are surrounded by a spindle cell stroma which may show myxoid changes. It is a solitary, usually peripheral lung lesion. Patients are usually asymptomatic and its discovery is an incidental finding during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


contagious pleuropneumonia

description: A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of mycoplasma.


lung adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells. There is a male predilection with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Usually lung adenocarcinoma is asymptomatic and is identified through screening studies or as an incidental radiologic finding. If clinical symptoms are present they include shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fever. Tobacco smoke is a known risk factor.


chronic pneumonitis of infancy

description: Chronic pneumonitis of infancy is a rare pediatric form of interstitial lung disease (ILD).


idiopathic bronchiectasis

description: Idiopathic bronchiectasis (IB) is a progressive lung disease characterized by chronic dilation of the bronchi and destruction of the bronchial walls in the absence of any underlying cause (such as post infectious disease, aspiration, immunodeficiency, congenital abnormalities and ciliary anomalies).


basaloid large cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a solid nodular or anastomotic trabecular growth pattern, peripheral palisading, and comedo type necrosis.


asbestosis

description: A lung disorder caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. It results in fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Signs and symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath and chest pain.


bronchus adenoma

description: A benign lung neoplasm characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular stroma lined by cuboidal to columnar cells. Patients are usually asymptomatic and it is incidentally discovered as a pulmonary nodule during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 4

description: Any Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HPS4 gene.


pleuropulmonary blastoma type 3

description: A pleuropulmonary blastoma characterized by a solid pattern and sarcomatous features. It usually follows an aggressive clinical course.


classic pulmonary blastoma

description: A pulmonary blastoma composed of a mixture of irregular tubular structures and mesenchymal elements.


pneumoconiosis due to talc

description: Pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to talc. It is characterized by fibrosis and granulomatous changes in the lung parenchyma. Chest x-rays reveal diffuse lung opacities and pleural abnormalities.


malignant superior sulcus neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm originating from the apical lung. Most malignant superior sulcus neoplasms are bronchogenic carcinomas. This tumor may be associated with Pancoast syndrome. It is also known as Pancoast tumor.