name: symbiont-mediated activation of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product activates host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


name: regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Blood testosterone increased

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


name: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.


name: planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


Lip edema

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


name: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).


uterine corpus sarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the wall of the uterine corpus (uterine body). The most representative examples are leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.


name: regulation of protein catabolic process in the vacuole

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process in the vacuole.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


name: Cardioactive drug level above therapeutic


Screaming

category: biolink:Behavior biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Reticulocytopenia

description: A reduced number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood.


juxtaglomerular apparatus

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. a microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named for its proximity to the glomerulus: it is found between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The three cellular components of the apparatus are the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular cells)[WP].


sulfate adenylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an adenylyl group from an adenosine nucleotide (ATP or ADP) to sulfate, forming adenylylsulfate.


glycolipid transport

description: The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Abnormal electroretinogram

description: Any abnormality of the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina as measured by electroretinography.


Organizing pneumonia

description: Organizing pneumonia manifests as a histologic pattern characterized by loose plugs of connective tissue in the airspaces and distal airways. Interstitial inflammation and fibrosis are minimal or absent. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, or COP, is a distinctive clinical disorder among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, but the histologic pattern of organizing pneumonia is encountered in many different situations, including pulmonary infection, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and collagen vascular diseases. Airspace consolidation is the cardinal feature of organizing pneumonia on chest radiographs and CT scans. In COP, the distribution is typically subpleural and basal and sometimes bronchocentric. Other manifestations of organizing pneumonia include groundglass opacity, tree-in-bud pattern, and nodular opacities.


name: negative regulation of adiponectin secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


regulation of iron ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tear secretion

description: The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


calcium metabolic disease

description: Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.


type III intermediate filament

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.


RNA repair

description: Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.


bowel dysfunction

description: Any disease in which the causes of the disease is a perturbation of the lower digestive tract leading to its dysfunction.


MHC class II protein binding

description: Binding to a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule; a set of molecules displayed on cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and antigen presentation.


frozen shoulder

description: A painful inflammatory process leads to a mechanical block in active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder. Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is characterized by functional loss of passive and active shoulder motion. This inflammatory process results in fibroblastic proliferation and extensive scar tissue formation. Fibroblastic proliferation, a late phase of the inflammatory process involved in tissue repair, leads to thickening, fibrosis, and adhesion of the capsule to itself and the humerus.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II

description: A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.


name: eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: The addition of a phosphate group on to the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


name: regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


heme oxidation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


rectal carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas.


biliary atresia

description: A rare, biliary tract disease characterized by progressive obliterative cholangiopathy of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, occurring in the embryonic/ perinatal period, leading to severe and persistent neonatal jaundice and acholic stool.


Early satiety

description: The condition of being unable to eat a full meal because of a feeling of fullness (satiety), or or feeling very full after eating only a small amount of food.


name: positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


name: efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


Progesterone measurement

category: biolink:Procedure biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: negative regulation of eosinophil migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


name: establishment of centrosome localization

description: The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.


ST-elevation myocardial infarction

description: A very serious type of heart attack during which one of the heart’s major arteries (one of the arteries that supplies oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart muscle) is blocked. ST-segment elevation is an abnormality detected on the 12-lead ECG.


name: acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.


Pulmonary thromboembolism

description: Pulmonary embolism is caused by emboli, which have originated from venous thrombi, traveling to and occluding the arteries of the lung.


cellular response to L-leucine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-leucine stimulus.


hyaluranon cable

description: A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


acetylcholine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


Golgi calcium ion transport

description: The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.


chorioretinitis

description: Inflammation of the distal posterior uveal tract (choroid) and its structural and vascular attachments to the retina. It is usually caused by infection and though rare, it is clinically significant due to its most serious sequela: loss of vision.


name: regulation of immunological synapse formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


optic disc

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called 'the blind spot' or the 'physiological blind spot'. The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neurons from the eye towards the brain. [WP,unvetted].


cellular response to interleukin-18

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


Anophthalmia

description: Absence of the globe or eyeball.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


hedgehog family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the hedgehog protein family, signaling proteins involved in development.


checkpoint clamp complex

description: Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.


chitinase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins.


name: regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


pronephros morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


reticuloendotheliosis, X-linked

description: A greater than normal number of blood cells in the reticuloendothelial system.


renal outer medulla development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


name: regulation of renal output by angiotensin

description: The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.


Pressured speech

description: There has been an increase in the amount of spontaneous speech, which is generally continuous, rapid, loud, and difficult to interrupt. It may sometimes be incoherent and continue even when no one is listening.


name: branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

description: The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch.


Acute pulmonary edema

description: Rapid or severe onset or rapid progression of pulmonary edema causing significant hypoxemia or the need for supplemental oxygen.


description: A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


Disorder of vocal cord

description: A disorder affecting the vocal cords. Representative examples include vocal cord nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, dysplasia, and paralysis.


tripeptidyl-peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of an N-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide.


Bone lesion

description: A localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of bone.


name: heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.


name: mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


D3 dopamine receptor binding

description: Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor.


mitochondrial RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


Helicobacter pylori infectious disease

description: Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.


female courtship behavior

description: The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


name: positive regulation of ovarian follicle development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


Early menarche

description: Occurrence of the first menstrual period in a female before the usual or expected age.


name: regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.


name: Free thyroxine concentration decreased below normal


carotid artery thrombosis

description: Blood clot formation in any part of the carotid arteries. This may produce carotid stenosis or occlusion of the vessel, leading to transient ischemic attack; cerebral infarction; or amaurosis fugax.


behavioral response to chemical pain

description: Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.


Motor tics

description: Movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups.


pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

description: The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


response to biotin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Vaginal Cyst

description: A cyst located in the vagina.


splenic infarction

description: Insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply to the spleen due to emboli, thrombi, vascular torsion, or pressure that produces a macroscopic area of necrosis. (From Stedman, 25th ed)


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + H2O = a thiol + NH4+ + pyruvate.


penile erection

description: The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinamide mononucleotide.


name: negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


name: negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


name: generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step

description: Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


dUMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


Turner syndrome

description: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder associated with the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome.


name: T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding

description: Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm.


name: cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


name: glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


name: negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


Scintillating scotoma

description: A scintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that can preced a migraine, whereby a spot of flickering light near the center of the visual fields occurs. The spot prevents vision, and is thus termed scotoma. The scotoma can extend into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.


name: phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

description: A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


free ubiquitin chain polymerization

description: The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


name: positive regulation of cellular respiration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

description: Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


name: regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-transcriptional gene silencing by a non-coding RNA.


name: macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Exencephaly

description: A malformation of the neural tube with a large amount of protruding brain tissue and absence of calvarium.


acquired keratosis

description: Focal or diffuse thickening of the skin not inherited as a primary genetic disorder. Causes include inflammatory skin disorders, infectious disorders, lymphedema, and medications.


name: positive regulation of sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


Phantom pain

description: Painful sensation related to a limb or an organ that is removed from or is not physically part of the body.


BK virus infection

description: An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


posterior midgut development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

description: The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


positive regulation of heart induction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


Puerperal sepsis

description: A sustained temperature of 38C (100.4F) or greater beyond the first 24 hours following birth, or a temperature of 39C (102.2F) within the first 24 hours following birth. (adapted from ACOG)


presbyopia

description: The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.


name: nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nucleoside monophosphate = ADP + nucleoside diphosphate.


description: Oesophageal atresia (OA) encompasses a group of congenital anomalies with an interruption in the continuity of the esophagus, with or without persistent communication with the trachea.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + m7G(5')pppR-RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + m7G(5')pppRm-RNA. R may be guanosine or adenosine.


strabismus

description: Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


Kit signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


tertiary granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.


Hemorrhage of kidney

description: Bleeding originating from the kidney.


vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.


rotator cuff syndrome

description: Tear of one or more of the tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. A rotator cuff 'injury' can include any type of irritation or overuse of those muscles or tendons, and is among the most common conditions affecting the shoulder.


liver lymphoma

description: A rare lymphoma that arises from the liver and the bulk of the tumor is located in the liver. The most frequent types of lymphoma that arise from the liver are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


name: cellular response to temperature stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


hypoxanthine salvage

description: Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


name: cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ERK5 cascade

description: A MAPK cascade containing at least the ERK5 MAP kinase (MAPK7; also called BMK1). It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and of ERK5. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The ERK5 cascade is activated by stress, mitogens, and by G protein-coupled receptors, and results in cellular responses such as cell growth, cell differentiation and development.


somatostatin signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


rickets

description: Bone softening and weakening usually caused by deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Deficiency of calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus may also cause rickets. It predominantly affects children who suffer from severe malnutrition. It manifests with bone pain, fractures, muscle weakness, and skeletal deformities.


Alcoholic Intoxication

description: Disturbances in psychophysiological functions and responses as a result of  consumption of a beverage containing ethanol.


name: regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


pronephric nephron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


iron ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


titin Z domain binding

description: Binding to a titin Z protein domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.


name: phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


DNA ligase IV complex

description: A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

description: An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


ATPase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces an ATP hydrolysis activity.


Cystic acne

description: A severe type of acne characterized by the formation of cysts enclosing a mixture of keratin and sebum.


Benign neoplasm of liver

description: A neoplasm that arises from the liver and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


phagolysosome

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.


male genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized.


Myb complex

description: A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.


name: positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


name: squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


adenylylsulfate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylsulfate = ADP + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.


name: regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


sphingomyelin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.


retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the conversion of retinoic acid to 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.


name: negative regulation of integrin activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


D-amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


interferon-alpha production

description: The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


Placenta, Retained

description: After delivery of neonate, placental retention that requires clinical intervention such as manual extraction, curettage or uterotonic medications.


Facial telangiectasia

description: Telangiectases (small dilated blood vessels) located near the surface of the skin of the face.


detection of peptidoglycan

description: The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


name: positive regulation of DNA catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


glutamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


epidural abscess

description: Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial epidural space. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with osteomyelitis of a vertebral body; analgesia, epidural; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with osteomyelitis of a cranial bone, sinusitis, or otitis media. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)


name: sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix

description: Confining TGFbeta to the extracellular matrix (ECM) such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. TGFbeta is secreted as part of a latent complex that is targeted to the extracellular matrix through latent-TGFbeta-binding protein (LTBP)-mediated association with matrix proteins.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone.


deoxyribonuclease I activity

description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


mitochondrial depolarization

description: The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.


name: cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

description: The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.


regulation of glutamine transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


name: dolichyl pyrophosphate Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of the first glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


name: positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


stress response to metal ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a metal ion stimulus.


thymidylate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


deoxyribonucleotide binding

description: Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


name: negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.


deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


Carotid pulse

category: biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: indole-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


Abnormal Blood Antidiuretic Hormone

description: A laboratory test result which indicates abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood.


peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation

description: The sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.


Diastolic dysfunction

description: Impairment in the filling of the ventricles during diastole. Causes include hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, chronic high blood pressure, aortic stenosis, and aging.


juvenile idiopathic arthritis

description: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the term used to describe a group of inflammatory articular disorders of unknown cause that begin before the age of 16 and last over 6 weeks. The term juvenile idiopathic arthritis was chosen to signify the absence of any known mechanism underlying the disorder and to highlight the necessity of excluding other types of arthritis occurring in well defined diseases (in particular arthritis occurring in association with infectious, inflammatory and haematooncologic diseases).


name: tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


oxidized purine DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


liver abscess (disease)

description: An abscess that involves the liver.


acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

description: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.


oligopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Prostatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the prostate gland.


name: eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex

description: A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.


anaplastic astrocytoma

description: Anaplastic astrocytoma is a rare, high-grade, malignant glial tumor, histologically characterized by abundance of pleomorphic astrocytes and multiple mitotic figures, often associated with diffuse infiltration of the surrounding tissue, considerable edema and mass effect and involvement of the contralateral brain. Depending on the primary localization of the tumor, patients can present with signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilledema), seizures, progressive neurological deficits, and/or behavioral changes. The tumor is most commonly localized in the frontal and temporal lobes, brain stem and spinal cord.


name: negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


fibroepithelial polyp of the anus

description: A non-neoplastic polypoid lesion that arises from the anal canal or perianal skin. It is composed of dense fibrous stroma and it is covered by squamous epithelium.


Neonatal hypotonia

description: Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.


name: fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

description: Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.


essential thrombocythemia

description: A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm that involves primarily the megakaryocytic lineage. It is characterized by sustained thrombocytosis in the blood, increased numbers of large, mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and episodes of thrombosis and/or hemorrhage. (WHO, 2008)


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


name: negative regulation of synaptic plasticity

description: A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


name: positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


name: calcium ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.


nephrosclerosis

description: Hardening of the kidney due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic hypertension. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ischemia.


coenzyme A transport

description: The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


6-phosphogluconolactonase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.


alcohol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + an alcohol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.


name: positive regulation of monocyte extravasation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


Hand paresthesia

description: Tingling (often refered to as a pins and needles feeling) and numbness in the hand.


box H/ACA telomerase RNP complex

description: A box H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the RNA component of vertebrate telomerase, the enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. This ribonucleoprotein complex is a structural box H/ACA RNP, which does not have the catalytic pseudouridylation function shared by the majority of H/ACA RNPs present in the cell.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

description: Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


Abnormal bone formation

description: A finding referring to deviation from or interruption of normal development of the bones.


dGTP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


name: Free prostate-specific antigen increased


description: The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


name: regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


name: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine phosphate (8-oxo-dGMP) + diphosphate. 8-oxo-dGTP is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for DNA synthesis causing transversion mutations. 8-oxo-dGTPase hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to its monophosphate form to prevent the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into cellular DNA.


positive regulation of GTP binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


melatonin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


name: symbiont-mediated cytolysis of host cell

description: A process mediated by a symbiont that results in the death of a host cell by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


sister chromatid biorientation

description: The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


male reproductive system disorder

description: A disease involving the male reproductive system.


aspartate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


alpha-galactosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


name: positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


name: cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


interleukin-3 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-3 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Dialysis dementia

description: A severe, often fatal encephalopathy which has been attributed to accumulation in the brain of aluminum from dialysate prepared with inadequately purified water.


axonemal central apparatus

description: Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the pair of two single central microtubules and their associated structures which include the central pair projections, the central pair bridges linking the two tubules, and the central pair caps which are attached to the distal or plus ends of the microtubules.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


detection of muscle stretch

description: The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


name: regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


name: establishment of body hair planar orientation

description: Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


sympathetic neuron projection extension

description: Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


t-circle formation

description: A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


wax biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


elongator holoenzyme complex

description: A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


Cutaneous lymphoma

description: A lymphoma involving the skin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H2O.


Lacunar stroke

description: A stroke related to a small infarct (2-20 mm in diameter) in the deep cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, or pons, that is presumed to result from the occlusion of a single small perforating artery supplying the subcortical areas of the brain.


name: positive regulation of renin secretion into blood stream

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream.


N-acylmannosamine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


proteoglycan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


centralspindlin complex

description: A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


name: inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding

description: Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.


name: negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


Graft failure

description: Failure of transplanted tissue to become functional or operational, often as a result of destruction by the host's immune system.


name: regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


light adaption

description: The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


dihydroceramidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.


P granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


name: peptide:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


opportunistic mycosis

description: A mycosis that arises from infection in an immunologically compromised host.


name: embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

description: The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.


lithium ion binding

description: Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


name: positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB phosphorylation.


name: positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


acute erythroid leukemia

description: An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by a predominant immature erythroid population. There are two subtypes recognized: erythroleukemia and pure erythroid leukemia. (WHO, 2001)


name: cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


name: negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


Pulmonary alveolitis

description: Inflammation of the alveoli of the lung.


N-succinyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


maltose alpha-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose + H2O = 2 alpha-D-glucose.


name: cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


urethral stricture

description: Narrowing of any part of the urethra. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.


SAM domain binding

description: Binding to a SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain, which is a 70-amino acid protein sequence that participates in protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-RNA interactions and is conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes.


heterotrimeric G-protein binding

description: Binding to a heterotrimeric G-protein.


chronic rhinosinusitis

description: Chronic form of sinusitis.


heparanase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


name: group III metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by L-AP-4 and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


name: thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma

description: A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. The malignant cells demonstrate evidence of epithelial differentiation, either by immunohistochemistry or electron microscopic studies. Microscopically, in the majority of cases there is a mixture of spindle, epithelioid, and giant cells. The vast majority of the patients present with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. The clinical course is usually aggressive.


name: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation

description: The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


inner acrosomal membrane

description: The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.


name: regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


name: small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


name: negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


Iron Overload

description: Accumulation of iron in the tissues. It may be a manifestation of an inherited disorder (e.g., hemochromatosis) or acquired (in patients with repeated blood transfusions). Symptoms include hepatomegaly, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and bronzed skin. If untreated it has a progressive course and may lead to death.


name: thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.


regulation of eosinophil activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


viral RNA genome packaging

description: The packaging of viral RNA (single-stranded or double-stranded) into a nucleocapsid.


vertebral bone 2

description: The second vertebral bone in the vertebral column.


response to diuretic

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


vascular dementia

description: A degenerative vascular disorder affecting the brain. It is caused by the blockage of the blood supply to the brain. It is manifested with decline of memory and cognitive functions.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Abnormal platelet aggregation

description: An abnormality in the rate and degree to which platelets aggregate after the addition of an agonist that stimulates platelet clumping. Platelet aggregation is measured using aggregometer to measure the optical density of platelet-rich plasma, whereby platelet aggregation causes the plasma to become more transparent.


proximal renal tubular acidosis

description: Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a tubular kidney disease characterized by impaired ability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate leading to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.


dUDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).


name: medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


guanylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.


name: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.


name: nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I

description: The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


Hyporeflexia

description: Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.


guanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


NMDA glutamate receptor clustering

description: The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


intertrigo

description: A superficial dermatitis occurring on skin surfaces in contact with each other, such as the axillae, neck creases, intergluteal fold, between the toes, etc. Obesity is a predisposing factor. The condition is caused by moisture and friction and is characterized by erythema, maceration, burning, and exudation.


name: regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

description: Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


SREBP-SCAP-Insig complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) in the ER membrane.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

description: Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


cyanate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


acute cholecystitis

description: Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.


name: negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


name: positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


name: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.


13-prostaglandin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)H + H+ -> 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin + NAD(P)+. This reaction is the reduction of 15-keto-prostaglandin.


lung goblet cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.


pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


polymyositis

description: A rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and elevated muscle enzymes.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


Chemical injury

description: Damage to body tissue caused by exposure to a chemical substance.


alpha-1A adrenergic receptor binding

description: Binding to an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor.


somatotropin secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


amino-acid betaine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


Angular cheilitis

description: A type of inflammation of the lips involving one or both of the corners of the mouth.


U5 snRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.


name: regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production.


prevention of polyspermy

description: The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


Incisional hernia

description: An abdominal hernia that occurs at a site of weakness in the abdominal wall resulting from an incompletely-healed surgical wound.


name: phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phosphate ions from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


name: metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.


oxidized DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Lung Injury

description: Damage to the lung from traumatic or pathologic processes.


regulation of cohesin loading

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cohesin complex is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


name: negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


male orgasm disorder

description: Persistent delay or absence in orgasm not accounted for by a medical reason.


name: ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).


name: negative regulation of NAD metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


glycerol transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of glycerol across a membrane. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


megacolon

description: An abnormal dilation of the colon not due to obstruction.


name: pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

description: The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


name: regulation of AV node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: Blood thyroid stimulating hormone decreased


S-malonyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


hair cycle phase

description: The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


oxamniquine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.


tracheal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the trachea. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include congenital malformations and infection. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinoma and lymphoma.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


cardiac left ventricle formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


cholinesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


interleukin-23 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

description: The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


maternal aggressive behavior

description: Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


integrin alpha4-beta7 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.


name: beta-catenin destruction complex binding

description: Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.


name: G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation

description: A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.


HECT domain binding

description: Binding to a HECT, 'Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxy-Terminus', domain of a protein.


endothelial cell-cell adhesion

description: The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


name: negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


retrobulbar neuritis

description: Optic neuritis that occurs in the section of the optic nerve located behind the eyeball.


L-serine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


calcium ion-transporting ATPase complex

description: Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ca2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ca2+(in).


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


Mycobacterium avium complex disease

description: An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Obstruction of colon

description: Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the colon.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cannabinoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown cause characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs.


polyamine transport

description: The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


G-quadruplex RNA binding

description: Binding to a G-quadruplex RNA structure, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad.


response to norepinephrine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


purine nucleobase binding

description: Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


Edema of the dorsum of hands

description: An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin on the back of the hands.


name: spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


CTP salvage

description: Any process which produces cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


prolactin secretion

description: The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.


name: positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


name: regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


apical constriction

description: The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


visceral serous pericardium development

description: The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.


perineuronal net

description: A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.


vasopressin receptor binding

description: Binding to a vasopressin receptor.


osteosclerosis

description: Abnormally high bone density.


name: G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

description: Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ketosteroid monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.


MCM8-MCM9 complex

description: A hexameric protein complex composed of MCM8 and MCM9 and involved in homologous recombination repair following DNA interstrand cross-links.


name: anogenital human papillomavirus infection

description: A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.


trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis

description: The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.


selenide, water dikinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydrogen selenide = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + selenophosphorate.


transposase activity

description: Catalysis of the transposition of transposable elements or transposons. Transposases are involved in recombination required for transposition and are site-specific for the transposon/transposable element.


myocardial disorder

description: A disorder that affects the muscle tissue of the heart. Representative examples include myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy.


U2AF complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of conserved large and small U2AF subunits that contributes to spliceosomal RNA splicing by binding to consensus sequences at the 3' splice site. U2AF is required to stabilize the association of the U2 snRNP with the branch point.


nitric oxide binding

description: Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


name: receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

description: Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex

description: A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


Skin Induration

description: An area of hardness in the skin. Causes include inflammatory process and infiltration of the skin by malignant neoplasms.


Hypereosinophilia

description: A severely increased count of eosinophils in the blood defined as a blood eosinophil count of at least 1.5 billion cells per liter.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

description: A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


Neoplasm of the genitourinary tract

description: A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the genitourinary system.


name: translation release factor activity, codon specific

description: A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.


release from viral latency

description: The process by which a virus begins to replicate following a latency replication decision (switch).


Congenital musculoskeletal anomalies

description: An abnormality of the musculoskeletal system that is present at birth or detected in the neonatal period.


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


name: methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.


endomitotic cell cycle

description: A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


name: endocardial cushion cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


activation of meiosis

description: Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


rescue of stalled ribosome

description: A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.


ureter maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the ureter to attain its fully functional state. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


name: Localised intraabdominal fluid collection


actin filament uncapping

description: The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.


histone deacetylase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of histone deacetylase, which catalyzes of the removal of acetyl groups from histones, proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.


name: regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

description: The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


diabetic peripheral angiopathy

description: Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications.


ascending aorta development

description: The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


Pharyngeal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the pharynx.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


bronchus cartilage development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


name: negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


cleavage body

description: A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.


name: glutaminyl-tRNAGln biosynthesis via transamidation

description: A tRNA aminoacylation process in which glutaminyl-tRNAGln is formed by a tRNA-dependent two-step pathway. In the first step a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNAGlx synthetase generates the misacylated L-glutamyl-tRNAGln species, and in the second step it is amidated to the correctly charged L-glutaminyl-tRNAGln by a glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase.


nocardiosis

description: Nocardiosis is a local (skin, lung, brain) or disseminated (whole body) acute, subacute, or chronic bacterial infection.


complement component C4b binding

description: Binding to a C4b product of the classical complement cascade.


name: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


name: negative regulation of defense response to virus by host

description: Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chronic diarrheal disease

description: Chronic form of diarrheal disease.


nuclear export signal receptor activity

description: Combining with a nuclear export signal (NES) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of a the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the nuclear lumen to the cytoplasm. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


name: positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


name: cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration

description: The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue.


trigeminal neuralgia

description: Trigeminal neuralgia is a nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face. The pain lasts a few seconds to a few minutes, and usually on only one side of the face. It can also cause muscle spasms in the face the same time as the pain. The pain may result from a blood vessel pressing against the trigeminal nerve (the nerve that carries pain, feeling, and other sensations from the brain to the skin of theface), as a complication of multiple sclerosis, or due to compression of the nerve by a tumor or cyst. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary approaches.


spondylitis

description: The inflammation of a vertebra.


name: positive regulation of anterior head development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


RES complex

description: A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


IkappaB kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


phimosis

description: A condition in which there is constriction in the tip of the foreskin resulting in inability to fully retract the foreskin over the glans penis. Causes include balanoposthitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans, and untreated diabetes.


typhoid fever

description: A bacterial infectious disorder contracted by consumption of food or drink contaminated with Salmonella typhi. This disorder is common in developing countries and can be treated with antibiotics.


neurohypophysis development

description: The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


name: epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland alveolus.


stereocilia ankle link complex

description: A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


name: chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

description: The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.


sweet taste receptor activity

description: Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


Unsteady gait

description: A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.


discharging ear

description: Discharge or drainage of fluid from the ear.


name: positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.


protein deamination

description: The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


name: regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.