cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


secondary palate

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences.


respiratory chain complex III assembly

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


Bronchospasm aggravated

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


protein autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).


methyltransferase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.


desloratadine

Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an  antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.


name: phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


semicircular canal development

description: The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


protein tetramerization

description: The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


neutral lipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


antigen processing and presentation

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


regulation of myoblast differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: mast cell activation involved in immune response

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


snoRNA binding

description: Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


angiogenesis involved in wound healing

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


name: regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


aseptic meningitis

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord without a bacterial pathogen.


abscess

description: An inflammatory process characterized by the accumulation of pus within a newly formed tissue cavity which is the result of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection or the presence of a foreign body.


telomere organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


allopurinol

A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.


neuron migration

description: The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.


metallocarboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


name: negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


name: negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


name: liver and intrahepatic bile duct neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the liver parenchyma or intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include hepatocellular adenoma, and bile duct adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and lymphoma.


deferoxamine

An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.


Bone pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.


name: negative regulation of intracellular transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


name: anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


response to statin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


dutasteride

An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.


nucleotide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


substance dependence

description: The psychological or physiological need to take a substance in order to experience its effects or to avoid the effects of its absence.


name: olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation

description: The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.


name: ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity

description: Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


filopodium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.


phosphatidylinositol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


nitroglycerin

A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.


outer membrane

description: The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.


Pharyngolaryngeal Pain

description: Painful sensation in the pharyngolaryngeal region.


Schwann cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


mexiletine

An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.


nephric duct development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


regulation of lymphocyte migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


Impaired Healing

description: Improper body tissue repair due to factors affecting one or more of the phases of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.


stereocilium bundle

description: A bundle of cross-linked stereocilia, arranged around a kinocilium on the apical surface of a sensory hair cell (e.g. a neuromast, auditory or vestibular hair cell). Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit

description: The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


name: embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.


name: G protein-coupled amine receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


apolipoprotein receptor binding

description: Binding to an apolipoprotein receptor.


avanafil

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)amino]-2-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of pyrimidin-2-ylmethylamine. Used for treatment of erectile dysfunction.


nephrolithiasis

description: The presence of a calculus in the pelvis of the kidney; this is most often composed of mineral salts and proteins.


G protein-coupled receptor binding

description: Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.


protein kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


name: wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

description: The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


name: regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.


platelet alpha granule

description: A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).


name: cell activation involved in immune response

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


copper-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex, in the presence of copper.


cytidylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor.


histone H4 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4.


acetophenazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.


tendinopathy

description: Disorders that are causes by overuse of tendons.


benzyl benzoate

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.


rectal cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the rectum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


antazoline

A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.


RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids to 5'-phosphomonoesters.


euchromatin

description: A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


UTP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.


endocrine system development

description: Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.


Bone marrow depression

description: A laboratory finding indicating decreased number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. It may result from decreased proliferation of all or part of the hematopoietic series (erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic). Microscopically, the hematopoietic cells are replaced by adipocytes.


visual learning

description: Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.


peptide transport

description: The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


uronic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


name: negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + NADPH + H+.


Hyperamylasemia

description: Increased level of amylase in the blood, an enzyme which helps digest glycogen and starch. It is produced mainly in the pancreas and salivary glands.


regulation of telomere maintenance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


axonal fasciculation

description: The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: mammary gland branching involved in thelarche

description: The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


threonine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


alkaloid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


mitotic cell cycle phase transition

description: The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.


respiratory electron transport chain

description: A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


bicellular tight junction

description: An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.


response to glucagon

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


tauroursodeoxycholic acid

A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.


bretylium

A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.


RNA polymerase I complex

description: RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


Limb pain

description: Chronic pain in the limbs with no clear focal etiology.


dabigatran etexilate

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-{N'-[(hexyloxy)carbonyl]carbamimidoyl}phenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of ethyl N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alaninate. A prodrug for dabigatran, a thrombin inhibitor and anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


name: RNA polymerase I transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


name: ATPase-coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other, driven by the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


name: negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme

description: A nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex containing an RNA polymerase II core enzyme as well as additional proteins and transcription factor complexes, that are capable of promoter recognition and transcription initiation from an RNA polymerase II promoter in vivo. These additional components may include general transcription factor complexes TFIIA, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, or TFIIH, as well as Mediator, SWI/SNF, GCN5, or SRBs and confer the ability to recognize promoters.


ceftazidime

A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and {[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


candidiasis

description: Infection with the organism Candida.


glycine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


name: positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


name: cellular response to increased oxygen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.


actin-based cell projection

description: A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.


name: positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.


regulation of appetite

description: Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


keratan sulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


aspartic-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


Notch signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


diol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


name: cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration

description: The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.


pathologic nystagmus

description: Involuntary movements of the eyeballs. The presence or absence of nystagmus is often used in the diagnosis of a variety of neurological and visual disorders.


regulation of muscle system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a muscle system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in a muscle system.


gluconeogenesis

description: The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.


adrenal gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the adrenal gland


histamine receptor activity

description: Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


name: amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of betaine from one side of a membrane to the other. Betaine is the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


echothiophate

The phosphorothioate obtained by formal condensation of diethyl phosphate with N,N,N-trimethyl-2-sulfanylethanaminium. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its iodide salt is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.


uveitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting a part of or the entire uvea. Causes include inflammatory agents (e.g., herpes simplex, herpes zoster, leptospirosis) and systemic diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis). Patients present with pain and redness in the eye, light sensitivity, and blurred and decreased vision.


name: negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


Stomach dilation procedure

category: biolink:Procedure biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


microvillus membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.


response to auditory stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.


regulation of interleukin-1 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.


primary alcohol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


caspase binding

description: Binding to a caspase family protein.


name: regulation of muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


name: progressive familial heart block, type 1A

description: An autosomal dominant inherited cardiac bundle branch disorder which can progress to complete heart block.


adult walking behavior

description: The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


membranous glomerulonephritis

description: A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by immune complex deposits at the glomerular basement membrane, resulting in a thickened membrane, and nephrotic syndrome.


Peyer's patch morphogenesis

description: The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


name: regulation of plasma membrane organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane organization.


cadherin binding

description: Binding to cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion.


spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning

description: The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


regulation of cytokine activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


Allodynia

description: Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


negative regulation of mRNA processing

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.


organic acid binding

description: Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


name: positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


substance abuse

description: The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


name: G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


bicellular tight junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction, an occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet.


corpus callosum development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


1-phosphatidylinositol binding

description: Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


Polymenorrhea

description: Frequent menses; menstrual cycles lasting less than 21 days.


leukotriene biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


name: fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


metabolic bone disorder

description: A group of disorders that affect the bones secondary to increased levels of minerals or deficient levels of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamin D. Representative examples are osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and Paget disease.


name: antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


name: positive regulation of viral transcription

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


adenylate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP.


phospholipase A1 activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.


alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding

description: Binding to an alpha-2A adrenergic receptor.


dicyclomine

The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


SOSS complex

description: A protein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and the G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and is composed of SOSS-B (SOSS-B1/OBFC2B or SOSS-B2/OBFC2A), SOSS-A/INTS3 and SOSS-C/C9orf80.


tuberculosis

description: A chronic, recurrent infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) may affect almost any tissue or organ of the body with the lungs being the most common site of infection. The clinical stages of TB are primary or initial infection, latent or dormant infection, and recrudescent or adult-type TB. Ninety to 95% of primary TB infections may go unrecognized. Histopathologically, tissue lesions consist of granulomas which usually undergo central caseation necrosis. Local symptoms of TB vary according to the part affected; acute symptoms include hectic fever, sweats, and emaciation; serious complications include granulomatous erosion of pulmonary bronchi associated with hemoptysis. If untreated, progressive TB may be associated with a high degree of mortality. This infection is frequently observed in immunocompromised individuals with AIDS or a history of illicit IV drug use.


name: somatic diversification of immunoglobulins

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.


neuropeptide Y receptor activity

description: Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.


parotitis

description: Inflammation of the parotid glands.


Cyst

description: A sac-like closed membranous structure that may be empty or contain fluid or amorphous material.


desmopressin

A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function.


basophil differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.


name: negative regulation of protein transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: The process in which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.


herpes zoster

description: A common dermal and neurologic disorder caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus that has remained dormant within dorsal root ganglia, often for decades, after the patient's initial exposure to the virus in the form of varicella (chickenpox). It is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area.


amobarbital

A member of the class of  barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.


cornification

description: A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


name: regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


body fluid secretion

description: The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or tissue in an animal.


penile disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the penis. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include phimosis, balanitis, and hypospadias. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hemangioma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia, and penile carcinoma.


acute interstitial pneumonia

description: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP), also referred to as Hamman-Rich syndrome, is a rapidly progressive and histologically distinct form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


rifampicin

A member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (previously known as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces mediterranei).


mesodermal cell migration

description: The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.


calcium-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex in the presence of calcium.


name: regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.


name: fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative.


Oily Skin

description: The pores of the skin are generally large and visible with a coarse or thick texture. The skin has a tendency to look dull and greasy and feels oily to the touch.


ciliary plasm

description: All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.


penciclovir

A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.


Decreased Therapeutic Response

description: A reduction in the desirable and beneficial effects resulting from a medical  treatment.


exploration behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus.


regulation of female gonad development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.


chloride transport

description: The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cell aggregation

description: The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.


heme biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.


lung epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.


narrow pore channel activity

description: Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that may be gated or ungated.


tumor lysis syndrome

description: A condition of metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells. Tumor lysis syndrome typically occurs in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. Burkitt lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are commonly associated with this syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia and may result in renal failure, multiple organ failure, and death.


poly-pyrimidine tract binding

description: Binding to a stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.


histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.


germ cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.


name: purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


Myelosuppression

description: A laboratory test result indicating low production of erythrocytes, leukocytes and/or thrombocytes from the bone marrow.


glomerulus development

description: The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


blindness (disorder)

description: The lack of vision. It is caused by neurological or physiological factors.


forebrain neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


metformin

A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.


first-degree atrioventricular block

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of prolonged PR interval for a specific population. For adults one common threshold is a PR interval greater than 0.20 seconds.


bile duct cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the bile duct


Abdominal colic

description: A type of abdominal pain that comes and goes in waves, most often starting and ending suddenly and being of severe intensity.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


dibucaine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.


host intracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of protein processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


name: regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


vestibular nuclear complex

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Nuclear complex containing the vestibular nuclei.


name: regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility

description: Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility.


synaptonemal complex organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


muscle hypertrophy

description: The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


name: DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication

description: The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.


name: regulation of protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


Mesenteric venous thrombosis

description: A clot that obstructs blood flow in a mesenteric vein (the superior and the inferior mesenteric vein drain blood from the small and large intestine).


hiatus hernia

description: Herniation of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm.


neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant tissue growth resulting from uncontrolled cell proliferation. Benign neoplastic cells resemble normal cells without exhibiting significant cytologic atypia, while malignant cells exhibit overt signs such as dysplastic features, atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and anaplasia. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include papillomas, cystadenomas, and lipomas; malignant neoplasms include carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias.


amino-acid betaine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


folliculitis

description: Inflammation of the hair follicles. Causes include excessive perspiration, skin infections, and skin wounds.


fatty acid binding

description: Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


name: development of secondary sexual characteristics

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


name: superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + O2 = NAD(P)H + O2-.


dopamine

Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.


dilated cardiomyopathy

description: Cardiomyopathy which is characterized by dilation and contractile dysfunction of the left and right ventricles. It may be idiopathic, or it may result from a myocardial infarction, myocardial infection, or alcohol abuse. It is a cause of congestive heart failure.


fibrinogen complex

description: A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.


virion assembly

description: A late phase of the viral life cycle during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.


hypertriglyceridemia

description: A laboratory test result indicating elevated triglyceride concentration in the blood.


dendrite terminus

description: A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole.


name: positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


name: negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


response to hexose

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.


axolemma

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.


Ventricular arrhythmia

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of an atypical cardiac rhythm resulting from a pathologic process in the cardiac ventricles.


name: intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


name: branched-chain amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Oral ulcer

description: Erosion of the mucous mebrane of the mouth with local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


name: positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


name: cerebral cortex radial glia-guided migration

description: The radial migration of neuronal or glial precursor cells along radial glial cells during the development of the cerebral cortex.


Upper limb pain

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the arm.


Injury of liver

description: Damage to liver structure or function due to trauma or toxicity.


alfacalcidol

A member of the class of D3 vitamins that is calciol in which the hydrogen at the 1alpha position is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is an active metabolite of cholecalciferol, which performs important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism.


mast cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


skeletal muscle organ development

description: The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.


name: detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception

description: The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.


name: glomerular basement membrane development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


embryonic eye morphogenesis

description: The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.


name: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death

description: The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process.


glycerophospholipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


SMAD binding

description: Binding to a SMAD signaling protein.


Nonproductive cough

description: A cough that does not produce phlegm or mucus.


response to lipoprotein particle

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-nitrogen bond, C-N, with the exception of peptide bonds.


regulation of lipid transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sphinganine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sphinganine = ADP + sphinganine 1-phosphate.


blood coagulation disease

description: A condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood.


cytidine deamination

description: The removal of amino group in the presence of water.


lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


melanosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


presynaptic membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


name: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production.


name: negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


name: organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


name: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial fission

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


name: cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


regulation of protein deacetylation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein deacetylation, the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


pupil

description: The central circular aperture of the iris through which light rays enter the eye.


phospholipase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


arteriosclerosis disorder

description: A vascular disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries.


name: positive regulation of response to tumor cell

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


tadalafil

A pyrazinopyridoindole that is 2,3,6,7,12,12a-hexahydropyrazino[1',2':1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1,4-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group (the 6R,12aR-diastereomer). A phosphodiesterase V inhibitor inhibitor, currently marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction under the name Cialis; and under the name Adcirca for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


name: cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


name: vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.


learning or memory

description: The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.


name: positive regulation of hormone secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


Oliguria

description: Low output of urine, clinically classified as an output below 300-500ml/day.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


name: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


name: regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


name: purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


olfactory bulb development

description: The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.


name: positive regulation of telomere maintenance

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

description: A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


name: pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


Leydig cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


name: regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


RNA polymerase II complex binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase II core enzyme, a multisubunit eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase typically composed of twelve subunits.


glutamate-gated receptor activity

description: Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


synaptic vesicle maturation

description: Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


coenzyme A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


buclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups.


arteritis

description: An inflammatory process affecting an artery.


3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization

description: An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of an mRNA.


endoplasmic reticulum organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.


endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.


megakaryocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.


response to ionizing radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


lens development in camera-type eye

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


tinea pedis

description: Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.


protein K48-linked ubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


regulation of wound healing

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


name: nuclear matrix anchoring at nuclear membrane

description: The process in which the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane, is directly or indirectly linked to the nuclear membrane.


DNA endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.


name: cellular response to decreased oxygen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


Burning Sensation

description: A sensation of stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of irritation.


leading edge membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


name: negative regulation of stem cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


chloride channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a chloride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


interleukin-17 receptor activity

description: Combining with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


bumetanide

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is 4-phenoxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogens ortho to the phenoxy group are substituted by butylamino and sulfamoyl groups. Bumetanide is a diuretic, and is used for treatment of oedema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease.


prostate disorder

description: A disease involving the prostate gland.


respiratory failure

description: The significant impairment of gas exchange within the lungs resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, to the extent that organ tissue perfusion is severely compromised. Causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, emphysema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, and congestive heart failure. Treatment requires intubation and mechanical ventilation until the time the lungs recover sufficient function.


catatonia

description: A psychiatric disorder featuring stupor, posturing, and echophenomena.


terpenoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


Golgi cisterna membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-18 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


second-degree atrioventricular block

description: Intermittent failure of atrial electrical impulse conduction to the ventricles.


name: regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


acylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


name: negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


cell cycle G1/S phase transition

description: The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.


spinothalamic tract of medulla

description: Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the medulla.


name: cell differentiation involved in kidney development

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


synaptic vesicle exocytosis

description: Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


wound healing, spreading of cells

description: The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


rRNA methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


name: protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity

description: Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


GDP binding

description: Binding to GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


regulation of cell maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation.


N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


name: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network organization.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.


carboxy-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.


membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.


regulation of translational fidelity

description: Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


vancomycin

A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.


name: positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


name: negative regulation of muscle tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.


endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


response to alkaloid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


name: regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


name: adult acute respiratory distress syndrome

description: A very severe form of acute pulmonary failure secondary to capillary permeability impairment. The symptoms include dyspnea, hypotension and multivisceral failure. The disease is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia due to increased alveolar-capillary permeability. The severity depends on the degree of alveolar epithelial injury, with a mortality rate of 30-50%.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.


isoleucine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


name: negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.


mitochondrial fusion

description: Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


regulation of organic acid transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


endothelial cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


polyp of large intestine

description: A polyp that involves the large intestine.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

description: Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


Areflexia

description: Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.


oogenesis

description: The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


name: positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


name: axis elongation involved in somitogenesis

description: The developmental growth that results in the elongation of the rostral-caudal axis that contributes to somitogenesis.


sulfacetamide

A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.


cellular response to interferon-alpha

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


regulation of nuclease activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


name: positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay.


name: positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus

description: The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


name: regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


name: G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


regulation of hair follicle development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

description: A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


eye accommodation disease

description: Disease that disrupts the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.


RNA destabilization

description: Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.


name: regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


osteonecrosis

description: A none disease characterized by death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply.


name: negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


name: positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


name: mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

description: The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway.


endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a mesodermal, bone marrow or neural crest cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


name: negative regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


name: regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


name: urate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


salicylic acid

A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.


glutamate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


sialyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of sialic acid to an acceptor molecule, typically the terminal portions of the sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) or to the N- or O-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins.


name: collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.


regulation of neuroblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.


endocrine pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.


plasma lipoprotein particle assembly

description: The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.


stem cell population maintenance

description: The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.


name: positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the non-canonical NF-kappaB cascade.


exocyst

description: A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.


RNA nuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


midbody

description: A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lymphocyte chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.


Epigastric pain

description: Pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs.


promazine

A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.


phosphatidylserine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.


name: regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


hypochromic anemia

description: Anemia caused by the reduction of hemoglobin in relation to the red cell volume. As a result, the red cells have an area of central pallor which is increased in size. The leading cause is iron deficiency.


name: cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

description: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.


peptide hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.


name: transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

description: The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


aspirin

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


name: positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


name: proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.


centrosome cycle

description: The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.


histone demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.


basal part of cell

description: The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.


name: regulation of antimicrobial peptide production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.


phospholipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


sciatica

description: A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of sciatic neuropathy; radiculopathy (involving the spinal nerve roots; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with intervertebral disk displacement); or lesions of the cauda equina.


T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


artery development

description: The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.


actin filament binding

description: Binding to an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.


embryonic placenta morphogenesis

description: The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.


riboflavin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


response to interleukin-6

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


name: regulation of collateral sprouting in absence of injury

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.


renal water homeostasis

description: Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.


Hypoventilation

description: A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).


nuclear replication fork

description: The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


nuclear RNA surveillance

description: A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant RNAs within the nucleus.


transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


response to copper ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


behavioral response to ethanol

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.


visual behavior

description: The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


proteoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


name: positive regulation of chemokine production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.