apical junction assembly

description: The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


preribosome

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.


name: negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.


myopia

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: The condition in which the individual does not see far distances clearly.


name: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


Rash follicular

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


filamentous actin

description: A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.


oxidative phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.


saxagliptin

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S)-amino(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of (1S,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile. Used in its monohydrate form for the treatment of Type II diabetes.


mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the spindle and delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a mitotic nuclear division until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, the completion of anaphase until chromosomes are attached to the spindle, or mitotic exit and cytokinesis when the spindle does not form.


leukocyte tethering or rolling

description: Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).


hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


name: alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: carbon catabolite activation of transcription

description: A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to an increase in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.


purine-containing compound salvage

description: Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


name: positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


benzphetamine

Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.


ephrin receptor binding

description: Binding to an ephrin receptor.


optic tract

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Diencephalic white matter (tract) which is comprised of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm[ZFA]. Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM)[NIF].


name: negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


hepatic artery

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An artery that supplies the liver.


name: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis

description: The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


microtubule motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Cheyne-Stokes respiration

description: An abnormal pattern of respiration characterized by cycles of respiration that are increasingly deeper then shallower with possible periods of apnea. Affected patients may display a 10 to 20 second episode of hypoventilation or apnea, followed by respiration of increased depth and frequency over the course of about one minute. The cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.


ovulation

description: The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


other organism part

description: Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


name: regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


name: atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


asparagine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


name: cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus

description: A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


tolazamide

An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


regulation of phospholipid transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


name: regulation of secondary metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


name: regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.


dendritic shaft

description: Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.


Breast Engorgement

description: A painful swelling of the breasts due to accumulation of milk in blocked lactating ducts.


hepoxilin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.


common wart

description: A wart caused by human papillomavirus. It can appear anywhere on the skin.


third-degree atrioventricular block

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of complete failure of atrial electrical impulse conduction to the ventricles. This is manifested on the ECG by disassociation of atrial and ventricular rhythms. The atrial rate must be faster than the ventricular rate. (CDISC)


detection of mechanical stimulus

description: The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


ruffle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.


beta-aspartyl-peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-linked aspartic residue from the N-terminus of a polypeptide.


methemoglobinemia

description: An inherited or acquired condition characterized by abnormally increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood.


name: positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.


cefaloglycin

A cephalosporin antibiotic containing at the 7beta-position of the cephem skeleton an (R)-amino(phenyl)acetamido group.


regulation of autophagosome assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


glucuronate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


amblyopia

description: Decreased vision that results from abnormal visual development.


name: positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


quinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.


name: calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Lipohypertrophy

description: Hypertrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue at the site of multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin.


vitamin B6 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


name: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


positive regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 5' position.


intercellular bridge

description: A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.


description: Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


name: regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.


spliceosomal complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.


carpal tunnel syndrome

description: Entrapment of the median nerve in the wrist that is characterized by numbness, tingling and painful movement.


atrial septum development

description: The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Hypoxemia

description: An abnormally low level of blood oxygen.


alpha-amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.


carbohydrate phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


prostate neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the prostate gland.


name: positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


maintenance of cell polarity

description: The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


name: negative regulation of actin filament polymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum

description: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.


ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


histone methyltransferase complex

description: A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.


nuclear pore organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.


name: regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.


absence epilepsy

description: Epilepsy characterized by very brief episodes of sudden cessation of activity, usually associated with eye blinking. There is no loss of the muscle tone.


pore complex

description: A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.


positive regulation of cell division

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


Choking

description: Interference with respiration by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea.


Soreness

description: A dull achy pain.


deltoid tuberosity development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.


nuclear envelope lumen

description: The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.


elastic fiber assembly

description: Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


name: connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

description: The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.


complex regional pain syndrome type 1

description: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) is a form of complex regional pain syndrome in which the pain is disproportionate to any known inciting event and is characterized by continuous pain, allodynia, or hyperalgesia as well as edema, coloration (changes in skin blood flow), or abnormal sudomotor activity in the region of pain. Onset of CRPS1 symptoms may occur within a few days to a month after an injury or trauma to the affected limb.


positive regulation of ligase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


carbon dioxide transport

description: The directed movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

description: A renal disorder characterized by sclerotic lesions in the glomeruli. Causes include drugs, viruses, and malignancies (lymphomas), or it may be idiopathic. It presents with asymptomatic proteinuria or nephritic syndrome and it may lead to renal failure.


name: forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation

description: The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.


alcohol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


name: positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.


Barr body

description: A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


cyclizine

An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.


name: negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.


CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


B cell mediated immunity

description: Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of protein processing

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


adenylate cyclase binding

description: Binding to an adenylate cyclase.


name: ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


proepicardium development

description: The progression of the proepicardium from its formation to the mature structure. The proepicardium is an outpouching of the septum transversum.


neural nucleus development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.


Myoclonus

description: Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.


name: positive regulation of respiratory burst

description: Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


reproductive behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


respiratory paralysis

description: Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with motor neuron diseases; peripheral nerve diseases; neuromuscular junction diseases; spinal cord diseases; injury to the phrenic nerve; and other disorders.


name: musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action

description: Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.


name: potassium ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


corbadrine

A catecholamine in which the 2-aminoethyl group is substituted with a hydroxy group at C-1 and a methyl group at C-2, with configurations 1R,2S. A metabolite of alpha-methyl-L-dopa, it is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist and acts as a topical nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor, most often used in dentistry.


retrograde axonal transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.


regulation of dendrite extension

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


box H/ACA scaRNP complex

description: A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.


saliva

description: A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.


cellular pigmentation

description: The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.


name: positive regulation of actin filament polymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding

description: Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.


renal system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.


metallodipeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a dipeptide by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


Nodule

description: A small lump, swelling or collection of tissue.


lung cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


renal vein

description: Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava.


protein-lipid complex binding

description: Binding to a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.


Illusions

description: Perceptual experiences that involve misinterpretations or distortions of sensory stimuli.


rRNA base methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


ribonucleoside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


name: regulation of establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the establishment of planar polarity involved in neural tube closure, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the closure of the neural tube.


myofibril assembly

description: Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.


name: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


potassium channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a potassium channel.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


granulosa cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


aspartate-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + tRNA(Asp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-aspartyl-tRNA(Asp).


synaptic vesicle cytoskeletal transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell, powered by molecular motors.


name: negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.


lipid oxidation

description: The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.


name: tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.


PDZ domain binding

description: Binding to a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.


programmed necrotic cell death

description: A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


Gastrointestinal toxicity

description: Toxicity that impairs or damages the gastrointestinal system.


regulation of interleukin-8 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


UTP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.


regulation of microvillus assembly

description: A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.


sphingolipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


S-shaped body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the S-shaped body is generated and organized. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


sterol esterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.


regulation of tolerance induction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


name: regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


regulation of protein refolding

description: Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


axonemal dynein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.


Loose Stool

description: Frequent, loose, and watery stools are noted in most infants, even if they are fed formula, until they are six to eight weeks old; after that, the stools become firmer and less frequent.


macromolecule deacylation

description: The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.


toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 2.


name: small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


diaphragm

description: A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control.


tubocurarine

A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.


ISOCONAZOLE

A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1.


sertaconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.


name: positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


contractile actin filament bundle

description: An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.


patent ductus arteriosus

description: A congenital defect characterized by the failure of the ductus arteriosus to close soon after birth. As a consequence, blood from the aorta mixes with blood from the pulmonary artery. If untreated, it may lead to congestive heart failure.


name: regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


regulation of centrosome cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.


name: negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


cellular response to glucose stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


name: positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

description: The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.


name: porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


protein localization to cell surface

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.


biotin binding

description: Binding to biotin (cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid), the (+) enantiomer of which is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


mannosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


enone reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.


ADP binding

description: Binding to ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


name: positive regulation of glial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


name: extrinsic component of phagophore assembly site membrane

description: The component of the phagophore assembly site membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


vulvovaginitis

description: An inflammatory pathologic process that affects the vulva and the vagina.


spermatogenic failure 4

description: Any azoospermia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SYCP3 gene.


name: mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone

description: The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.


anterograde axonal transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.


zinc ion transport

description: The directed movement of zinc (Zn II) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.


U2-type spliceosomal complex

description: Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.


response to superoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


name: negative regulation of cation channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


amino sugar metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


actin filament-based movement

description: Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


ganglioside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.


positive regulation of mRNA processing

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.


cardiolipin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


Blood coagulation

category: biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

description: The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.


tissue migration

description: The process in which the population of cells that make up a tissue undergo directed movement.


name: regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Cutaneous necrosis

description: Skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis (tissue death). Clinically, cutaneous necrosis may present as a painful and extremely tender black eschar (dead tissue found in a full-thickness wound) surrounded by dusky grey-red colored skin.


name: modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

description: The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.


name: positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


Hypochloremia

description: An abnormally decreased chloride concentration in the blood.


myoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.


name: C-terminal protein amino acid modification

description: The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


hyperacusis

description: A disorder in which an individual has an abnormally low noise tolerance, and increased sensitivity to sounds.


regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis.


name: protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.


gamma-tubulin binding

description: Binding to the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.


Tachypnea

description: Very rapid breathing.


keratan sulfate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


odontogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


name: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


lateral sprouting from an epithelium

description: The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.


bile acid binding

description: Binding to a bile acid, a steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


developmental induction

description: A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).


vasodilation

description: An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


COPI-coated vesicle budding

description: The evagination of a Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a COPI-coated vesicle.


name: protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


Dilatation of the bladder

description: The presence of a dilated urinary bladder.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network

description: A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum consisting of tubules having membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


PcG protein complex

description: A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.


carbohydrate transport

description: The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carbohydrates are a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


rifaximin

A semisynthetic member of the class of rifamycins and non-systemic gastrointestinal site-specific broad spectrum antibiotic. Used in the treatment of traveller's diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy and irritable bowel syndrome.


positive regulation of axon extension

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.


retinitis

description: Inflammation of the retina.


name: cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysequilibrium

description: A non-progressive cerebellar disorder characterized by ataxia associated with an intellectual disability, delayed ambulation and cerebellar hypoplasia.


ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.


name: mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

description: A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that delays mitotic sister chromatid separation and consequently the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle. Spindle assembly checkpoint signaling begins with the activated Mph family kinase, and results in the inhibition of the Anaphase Promoting Complex and its activator Sleepy/Cdc20 by the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC).


name: protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.


name: extrinsic component of organelle membrane

description: The component of an organelle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.


acetyltransferase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of an acetyltransferase, an enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an acceptor molecule.


name: regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctions.


tertiary granule

description: A secretory granule that contains cathepsin and gelatinase and is readily exocytosed upon cell activation; found primarily in mature neutrophil cells.


pefloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.


polyamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


calcium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


Arterial embolism

description: The passage of an embolus from its site of formation in the arterial system to another location within the circulatory system.


name: positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


L-cysteine

An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.


cellular response to copper ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


termination of signal transduction

description: The signaling process in which signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.


actin filament polymerization

description: Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


respiratory chain complex III

description: A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


regulation of monocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


protein deneddylation

description: The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.


name: regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


sperm-egg recognition

description: The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.


execution phase of apoptosis

description: A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


name: negative regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion.


neutral lipid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


description: A type of keratitis characterized by inflammation in pinpoint areas of the corneal epithelium.


nuclear androgen receptor binding

description: Binding to a nuclear androgen receptor.


Motor seizure

description: A motor seizure is a type of seizure that is characterized at onset by involvement of the skeletal musculature. The motor event could consist of an increase (positive) or decrease (negative) in muscle contraction to produce a movement.


succinic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.


pralatrexate

A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.


cervix development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


name: inorganic ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


Weibel-Palade body

description: A large, elongated, rod-shaped secretory granule characteristic of vascular endothelial cells that contain a number of structurally and functionally distinct proteins, of which the best characterized are von Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies are formed from the trans-Golgi network in a process that depends on VWF, which is densely packed in a highly organized manner, and on coat proteins that remain associated with the granules. Upon cell stimulation, regulated exocytosis releases the contained proteins to the cell surface, where they act in the recruitment of platelets and leukocytes and in inflammatory and vasoactive responses.


response to muramyl dipeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


erythromycin

An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


clocortolone

16alpha-Methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy substituents at the 11beta and 21 positions, fluorine at position 6 and chlorine at position 9. A medium potency corticosteroid, it is used as its 21-O-pivalate or caproate ester for the relief of inflammatory and pruritic (itching) skin disorders.


Irregular respiration

description: Uneven rhythm of breathing.


semen

description: Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid.


dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


name: establishment of chromosome localization

description: The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.


name: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.


RNA polymerase II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


name: pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


name: negative regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.


name: negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


secondary alcohol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary alcohol.


pyramidal neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.


bile duct

description: Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine.


ribosomal large subunit assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.


retinal disorder

description: Any disease or disorder of the retina.


cerebral cortex neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia

description: An electrocardiographic finding of ventricular tachycardia less than 30 seconds in duration.


name: regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines.


Fetor hepaticus

description: Fetor hepaticus is the characteristic breath of patients with severe parenchymal liver disease, which has been said to resemble the odor of a mixture of rotten eggs and garlic.


kidney morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


positive regulation of lyase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


name: regulation of response to osmotic stress

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.


glycosyl compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound.


PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.


dendritic spine head

description: Distal part of the dendritic spine, that carries the post-synaptic density.


lens fiber cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


Ophthalmoplegia

description: Paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles that are responsible for eye movements.


membrane depolarization

description: The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


name: negative regulation of T cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


Increased libido

description: Elevated sexual desire.


metalloexopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


protein phosphatase 2A binding

description: Binding to protein phosphatase 2A.


autophagosome

description: A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.


inner cell mass cell proliferation

description: The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.


flubendazole

A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.


N-glycan processing

description: The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.


name: positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


name: pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


cAMP binding

description: Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


bacterial infectious disease

description: An acute infectious disorder that is caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria; representative examples include pneumococcal, streptococcal, salmonella, and meningeal infections.


name: positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


glycosphingolipid binding

description: Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


Sertoli cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


regulation of integrin activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


arginine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


name: T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


name: positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


serine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


name: sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium independent manner.


intracranial thrombosis

description: Formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in a blood vessel within the skull. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and brain infarction. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with atherosclerosis.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


vulva cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the vulva.


name: negative regulation of intestinal absorption

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


antimicrobial humoral response

description: An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-lysine-peptide.


oculomotor nerve

description: Cranial nerve which connects the midbrain to the extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles.


name: plasma membrane signaling receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor.


U12 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).


SMN-Sm protein complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.


regulation of axon regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


choreatic disease

description: A neurological condition affecting the involuntary movements. It is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. It is seen in patients with Huntington's disease.


M band

description: The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


name: regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


name: insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Rhonchi

description: Abnormal breath sounds characterized by low-pitched, snoring or rattle-like sounds.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Regulatory subunits can link a PI3K catalytic subunit to upstream signaling events and help position the catalytic subunits close to their lipid substrates.


sacro-iliac joint

description: The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments.


calcium ion transport into cytosol

description: The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.


name: regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.


colecalciferol

Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D  can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body.


regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


trunk neural crest cell migration

description: The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.


name: regulation of defense response to bacterium

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


Interstitial pneumonitis

description: Inflammation of interstitial lung tissue, usually associated with infection.


platelet alpha granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.


name: regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


carbohydrate derivative transport

description: The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


hormone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


name: positive regulation of lipid kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


Anorgasmia

description: Inability of individual to reach orgasm.


cheek

description: A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose.


name: Elevated circulating creatinine concentration

description: An increased amount of creatinine in the blood.


name: sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfate ions, SO4(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


bursitis

description: Inflammation or irritation of a synovial bursa, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.


pyrimidine nucleotide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


molybdopterin cofactor binding

description: Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

description: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is an eye disease characterized by infarction of the optic disk leading to vision loss. It can be nonarteritic (nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or NAION) or arteritic, the latter being associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA; often termed temporal arteritis). Vision loss with both varieties is typically rapid (over minutes, hours, or days) and painless. Symptoms such as a general feeling of being unwell (malaise), muscle aches and pains, headaches over the temple, pain when combing hair, pain in the jaw after chewing, and tenderness over the temporal artery (one of the major arteries of the head) may be present with giant cell arteritis. At exam, visual acuity is reduced and the optic disk is swollen. In both subtypes, visual field examination is often reduced in the inferior and central visual fields. The visual loss is usually permanent, with some recovery possibly occurring within the first weeks or months. The arteritic variety is treated with corticosteroids. Treatment of the nonarteritic variety withaspirinor corticosteroids has not been helpful.


perineum

description: Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, it constitutes the trunk[FMA].


oligodendrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


cardiogenic shock

description: A rare, cardiac condition characterized by severely decreased cardiac output, hypoperfusion and end-organ dysfunction, in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. The clinical presentation is variable and may range from subtle hemodynamic alterations to overt cardiovascular collapse. Commonly reported features include dyspnea, crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, altered mental state, abnormal pulse pressure, oliguria, cold extremities, and increased serum lactate levels.


peptidyl-proline modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline.


name: regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


Localized Edema

description: Swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid at a specific anatomic site.


Hypoalbuminemia

description: Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood.


name: regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of transforming growth factor beta production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta.


name: maintenance of protein location in nucleus

description: Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.


cardiac chamber formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


name: positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


name: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


nucleobase catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.


mesangial cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ATP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


snoRNA localization

description: Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

description: Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


Localized desquamation

description: A peeling off or loss of epidermis, as in sunburn, postscarlatinal peeling, or toxic epidermal necrolysis.


L-ascorbic acid binding

description: Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


Hypersexuality

description: Pathological persistent sexual disinhibiting behavior, directed towards oneself or others.


orciprenaline

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.


regulation of glucagon secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


name: positive regulation of male gonad development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


name: negative regulation of natural killer cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.


urinary bladder carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the urinary bladder


Decreased liver function

description: Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.


monosaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.


peroneal nerve paralysis

description: Paralysis of the nerves located in the legs.


name: positive regulation of icosanoid secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


modified amino acid binding

description: Binding to a modified amino acid.


Non-Cardiac Chest Pain

description: Pain in the chest unrelated to a heart disorder.


name: regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


protein demethylation

description: The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


myosin V binding

description: Binding to a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.


neuroblast proliferation

description: The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


selenocysteine incorporation

description: The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


name: protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: The cleavage of peptide bonds in proteins, usually near the N terminus, contributing to the process of import into the mitochondrion. Several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.


name: positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling pathway via STAT.


ticagrelor

A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.


Metrorrhagia

description: Bleeding at irregular intervals.


name: transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


carbenicillin

A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.


male meiosis I

description: A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.


name: response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

description: A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


name: regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1.


neuron projection membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.


achalasia

description: A finding indicating the lack of adequate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter resulting in difficulty swallowing food.


Wakefulness

category: biolink:Behavior biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


basilar artery

description: A major artery that supplues the hindbrain and runs along the ventral keel of the hindbrain.


sclera

description: Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP].


death receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


TOR signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.


external genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


cytokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: regulation of response to type II interferon

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


name: positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.


lactate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


adefovir dipivoxil

An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.


testosterone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.


Restlessness

description: A state of unease is characterized by diffuse motor activity or motion, which is subject to limited control, nonproductive, or disorganized behavior.


nucleosome disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


Upper motor neuron dysfunction

description: A functional anomaly of the upper motor neuron. The upper motor neurons are neurons of the primary motor cortex which project to the brainstem and spinal chord via the corticonuclear, corticobulbar and corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. They are involved in control of voluntary movements. Dysfunction leads to weakness, impairment of fine motor movements, spasticity, hyperreflexia and abnormal pyramidal signs.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


interleukin-28 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. It is composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit (in human IFNLR1/IL28Ralpha & IL10RB) and either Interleukin-28 (IFNL2 or IFNL3) or Interleukin-29 (IFNL1).


name: inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


ocular cancer

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm affecting the structures of the eye.


name: cellular biogenic amine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


cinoxacin

A member of the class of  cinnolines  that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.


name: viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus

description: The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.


cAMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


name: epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland.


regulation of cell projection size

description: A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.


immunoglobulin binding

description: Binding to an immunoglobulin.


name: extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


name: neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development

description: Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.


chromo shadow domain binding

description: Binding to a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.


name: organic hydroxy compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic hydroxy compound.


regulation of platelet aggregation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of macroautophagy

description: Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.


regulation of neuron maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.


flotillin complex

description: A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae.


name: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


sperm flagellum

description: A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.


tafluprost

A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F2alpha in which the carboxylic acid function has been converted to the corresponding isopropyl ester and the 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl side-chain is substituted by 3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-enyl. Used for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.


macropinocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that results in the uptake of liquid material by cells from their external environment by the 'ruffling' of the cell membrane to form heterogeneously sized intracellular vesicles called macropinosomes, which can be up to 5 micrometers in size.


tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


name: regulation of superoxide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of superoxide metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.


Apathy

description: Apathy is a quantitative reduction of motivation and the initiation and persistence of goal-directed behavior, where the accompanying emotions, thoughts, and social interactions are also suppressed.


name: negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


aliphatic amine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


kidney mesenchyme development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.