name: negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


lysosomal lipid storage disorder

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An inherited metabolic disorder in which harmful amounts of lipids accumulate in cells and tissues. Because of a functionally impaired hydrolase or auxiliary protein, their lipid substrates cannot be degraded, accumulate in the lysosome, and slowly spread to other intracellular membranes.


insulin receptor substrate binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to an insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein, an adaptor protein that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.


cholecystokinin receptor activity

description: Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.


Demyelination

description: Breakdown, or abnormal development, of a nerve fiber myelin sheath.


pyogenic granuloma

description: A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.


neurexin family protein binding

description: Binding to a neurexin, a synaptic cell surface protein related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


Wrist pain

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the wrist.


name: regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.


ximelagatran

A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted into the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted to the corresponding hydroxylamine. Tautomeric with the oxime form of ximelagatran.


myoblast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


name: plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of an organelle towards the plus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


cholesterol import

description: The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


kidney papillary necrosis

description: A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving kidney papilla in the kidney medulla. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in polyuria. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block kidney pelvis or ureter. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to kidney failure.


retinal rod cell development

description: Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.


name: negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.


comma-shaped body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


Arp2/3 complex binding

description: Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).


name: regulation of superoxide dismutase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of superoxide dismutase activity.


name: substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension

description: The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.


poly(G) binding

description: Binding to a sequence of guanine residues in an RNA molecule.


regulation of adiponectin secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


relaxation of smooth muscle

description: A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


response to UV-C

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


erysipelas

description: An infection of the upper layers of the skin caused by species of streptococcus. Erysipelas results in a fiery red rash with raised edges that can easily be distinguished from the skin around it. The affected skin may be warm to the touch.


Arp2/3 protein complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.


rhombomere development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


cellular response to lead ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration

description: The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.


name: regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium-release channel.


phospholipase A2 inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of phospholipase A2.


name: regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


atrioventricular canal development

description: The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.


activation of phospholipase A2 activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.


zygote asymmetric cell division

description: The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


CHRAC

description: An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


ESCRT III complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.


name: regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


hypothalamus cell differentiation

description: The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.


name: death-inducing signaling complex assembly

description: A process of protein complex assembly in which the arrangement and bonding together of the set of components that form the protein complex is mediated by a death domain (DD) interaction, as part of the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


nephric duct formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


siRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.


annulate lamellae

description: Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.


sperm capacitation

description: A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.


name: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.


Bradypnea

description: Bradypnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally slow.


name: maternal process involved in parturition

description: A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.


fructose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


name: gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).


histone H4K5 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


name: purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


geranylgeranyl reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.


name: polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


negative regulation of gastrulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


eunuchism

description: The state of being a eunuch, a male without testes or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male germ cells and testicular hormones.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

description: A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


name: asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


palmitoyl hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex

description: Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.


oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.


extrinsic component of Golgi membrane

description: The component of a Golgi membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.


polymorphic light eruption

description: A red, edematous rash that occurs on areas of the skin with recent exposure to sunlight.


icatibant

A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.


Subcutaneous hemorrhage

description: This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising (purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses).


glomerulonephritis

description: A renal disorder characterized by damage in the glomeruli. It may be acute or chronic, focal or diffuse, and it may lead to renal failure. Causes include autoimmune disorders, infections, diabetes, and malignancies.


name: metanephric smooth muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ER membrane insertion complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.


name: negative regulation of RNA catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA catabolic process.


membrane attack complex

description: A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


name: renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production

description: The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.


G-protein alpha-subunit binding

description: Binding to a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide.


response to anoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


allergic urticaria

description: A urticaria with a basis in a pathological type I hypersensitivity reaction.


forebrain neuroblast division

description: The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast.


name: purine-containing compound transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a purine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A purine-containing compound is any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


streptococcal infection

description: Any of the several infectious disorders caused by members of streptococcus, a genus of gram positive bacteria belonging to the family Streptococcaceae. Streptococcal infections are classified into Groups A, B, C, D and G.


name: N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity

description: A protein adaptor that recognizes and binds an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.


Increased Uric Acid Level

description: A laboratory test result indicating abnormally high concentration of uric acid in the blood.


name: phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors

description: Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.


name: AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte.


name: positive regulation of cellular senescence

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


protein poly-ADP-ribosylation

description: The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.


response to cobalt ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion (Co2+) stimulus.


ABC-type peptide transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of keratinocyte migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


name: positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


name: volume-sensitive chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


protein antigen binding

description: Binding to a protein antigen.


5'-flap endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

description: A lung disorder that is mainly associated with chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation and that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of bronchiolar walls that reduce the diameter of the bronchioles and result in progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction.


phagosome acidification

description: Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


name: spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


feces

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified].


nevus, epidermal

description: A benign, pigmented skin growth caused by an overgrowth of the epidermis. It is typically seen at birth, but can develop in early childhood or later in life. Most cases are sporadic, but familial patterns of inheritance have been observed.


oligosaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


bronchus development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


mesonephric tubule formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


name: positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


late endosome to Golgi transport

description: The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.


UFM1 transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of UFM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-UFM1 + Y = Y-UFM1 + X, where both X-UFM1 and Y-UFM1 are covalent linkages.


type I interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


somatostatin secretion

description: The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


name: establishment of protein localization to telomere

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


phosphofructokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule.


bombesin receptor binding

description: Binding to a bombesin receptor.


name: cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


name: positive regulation of neurofibrillary tangle assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurofibrillary tangle assembly.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


septum transversum development

description: The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


histoplasmosis

description: A disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It primarily affects the lungs but can also occur as a disseminated disease that affects additional organs. The acute respiratory disease has symptoms similar to those of a cold or flu and it usually resolves without treatment in healthy individuals. The disseminated form is generally fatal if untreated.


name: positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: negative regulation of dendritic spine development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glutamate decarboxylation to succinate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.


name: negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eiF2alpha phosphorylation.


auditory receptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


name: Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

description: Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


name: neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

description: The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.


name: positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


name: establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient

description: The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


deSUMOylase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


positive regulation of cilium assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.


Ski complex

description: A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.


oxygen metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).


necroptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals which triggers the necroptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, is characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3), and ends when the execution phase of necroptosis is triggered.


rRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


Genital edema

description: A buildup of fluid that causes swelling in the soft tissues of the genital area.


3-keto sterol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.


name: negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.


female pronucleus

description: The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.


name: positive regulation of ferrous iron binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


glutamine transport

description: The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


pericentric heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylation of histone H3K9, into heterochromatin, resulting in the repression of transcription at pericentric DNA.


regulation of chloride transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

description: The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.


Traumatic arthropathy

description: Any arthropathy that is caused by trauma.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


status asthmaticus

description: An acute exacerbation of asthma, characterized by inadequate response to initial bronchodilators.


name: aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases.


female reproductive system disorder

description: A disease involving the female reproductive system.


transition between fast and slow fiber

description: The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


lymphoproliferative syndrome

description: A disorder characterized by proliferation of lymphocytes at various stages of differentiation. Lymphoproliferative disorders can be neoplastic (clonal, as in lymphomas and leukemias) or reactive (polyclonal, as in infectious mononucleosis).


lipopeptide binding

description: Binding to a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.


acromion

description: Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa.


name: regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


lipoprotein particle binding

description: Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


name: oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


transient global amnesia

description: A condition characterized by sudden, temporary, usually short-lived memory loss, not associated with a neurologic disorder. Affected individuals lose memory function for recent events and have a decreased ability to retain new information. It is usually a solitary event.


name: metanephric glomerular capillary formation

description: The process that gives rise to a metanephric glomerular capillary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Secondary amenorrhea

description: The cessation of menstruation for six months or more in a female that is not pregnant, breastfeeding or menopausal.


regulation of phosphate transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


prostate epithelial cord elongation

description: The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.


name: JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


name: calcium activated phospholipid scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


Phimosis

description: The male foreskin cannot be fully retracted from the head of the penis.


regulation of anion channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.


ether metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.


name: negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


CoA-ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile, and contributing to the apoptotic signaling pathway.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


antisocial personality disorder

description: A disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that is manifested in childhood or early adolescence. (adapted from DSM-IV)


name: thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin-dithiol + NADP+ = thioredoxin-disulfide + H+ + NADPH.


name: mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to vitronectin.


name: retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

description: Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


co-receptor binding

description: Binding to a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.


exopolyphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.


name: mitochondrion targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.


name: detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


pons maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


description: Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


name: trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


Atrophy of breast

description: Involution of the breast parenchyma.


name: protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane

description: The process comprising the insertion of proteins from outside the organelle into the mitochondrial outer membrane, mediated by large outer membrane translocase complexes.


pulmonary hypoplasia

description: A respiratory malformation characterized by the presence of both bronchi (albeit rudimentary) and alveoli in an under-developed lobe. Both the size and the weight of the lung are reduced. The true prevalence is not well known (1.4% of all births according to Knox et al. 13), but in cases of premature rupture of membranes at 15-28 weeks gestation, the reported prevalence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9 to 28%. Factors that contribute to pulmonary hypoplasia include adequate volume of the thoracic cavity, pulmonary fluid dynamics, and abnormal fetal breathing movements.


myosin II filament

description: A bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


name: relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle

description: A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.


name: regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


basement membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.


name: negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


name: long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2).


endodermal cell fate specification

description: The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

description: Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.


Bowel urgency

description: A sudden, irresistible need to have a bowel movement.


parturition

description: The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


liver regeneration

description: The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


name: negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.


neural plate elongation

description: The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


name: negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate is unknown.


name: establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


Bacterial gastroenteritis

description: Gastroenteritis resulting from a bacterial infection.


stem cell factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor.


name: positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


regulation of male gonad development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


name: oxidative stress-induced premature senescence

description: A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.


name: negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing

description: A process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by a microRNA (miRNA).


protein lipoylation

description: The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.


ESC/E(Z) complex

description: A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.


name: carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


Positive Pregnancy Test

description: A test result indicating the presence of hormones (HCG) in the blood or urine of a woman that confirm pregnancy.


name: negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


name: convergent extension involved in organogenesis

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.


response to cisplatin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


pinosome

description: A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of pinocytosis.


Bergmann glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


protein histidine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.


sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


name: positive regulation of sarcomere organization

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


radiculitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting a nerve root. Patients experience pain radiating along a nerve path because of spinal pressure on the nerve root that connects to the nerve path.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.


acute diarrhea

description: Acute form of diarrhea.


central retinal vein

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The central retinal vein (retinal vein) is a short vein that runs through the optic nerve and drains blood from the capillaries of the retina into the larger veins outside the eye. The anatomy of the veins of the orbit of the eye varies between individuals, and in some the central retinal vein drains into the superior ophthalmic vein, and in some it drains directly into the cavernous sinus. [WP,unvetted].


U3 snoRNA binding

description: Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA.


name: D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

description: The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


pharynx development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.


copper ion export

description: The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.


digestive system carcinoma

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of any part of the digestive system. Representative examples include colorectal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma.


protein de-ADP-ribosylation

description: The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.


Hypertrophy

description: Abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ.


name: positive regulation of serine-type peptidase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type peptidase activity.


name: negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


name: Blood creatine phosphokinase MB increased


CCAAT-binding factor complex

description: A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.


GMP reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + NADP+ + NH4 = GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


name: synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

description: Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.


name: positive regulation by host of viral process

description: A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


name: guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

description: A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.


name: regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


name: nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


Diastolic hypertension

description: Hypertension characterized diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg on two occasions.


name: chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

description: The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


name: positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.


name: positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.


pharyngeal system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the structure it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.


neurohypophyseal hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a neurohypophyseal hormone, any of a family of structurally and functionally related nonapeptides that are synthesized as part of a larger precursor molecule comprising a signal peptide, the nonapeptide hormone, and a neurophysin.


name: positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA mediated by RNA polymerase I.


regulation of protein folding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


name: regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


galactoside binding

description: Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


ISWI-type complex

description: Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


name: regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


dura mater

description: Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.


name: spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation

description: Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.


adrenal gland disorder

description: A disease involving the adrenal gland.


name: regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


chronic hepatitis B virus infection

description: Chronic form of hepatitis B infection.


osteoclast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


Interstitial Fibrosis Assessment

category: biolink:Procedure biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


tubal pregnancy

description: An abnormal pregnancy in which the conception is implanted in the fallopian tube.


tubulin complex

description: A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.


name: outward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.


gene conversion

description: A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


name: chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


name: negative regulation of glial cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


name: negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


xylulose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex

description: A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a small stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


B cell receptor complex

description: An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


name: myelodysplastic syndrome with single lineage dysplasia

description: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by dysplasia seen in at least 10% of the early cells of 1 cell type (either red blood cells, white blood cells, or megakaryocytes) in the bone marrow.


alveolar periostitis

description: A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)


L-threonine

An optically active form of threonine having L-configuration.


LIM domain binding

description: Binding to a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.


glial cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell.


name: tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.


sulfur amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


name: pigment granule aggregation in cell center

description: The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


name: regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


mucus secretion

description: The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.


cauda equina syndrome

description: Cauda equina syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that occur when some of the nerves in the cauda equina (the bundle of nerves that spread out from the bottom of the spinal cord) become compressed and/or damaged. Signs and symptoms of this condition include pain, numbness, or tingling in the lower back and/or legs; ' foot drop '; problems with bowel and/or bladder control; and sexual dysfunction. Cauda equina syndrome may be caused by a herniated disk, tumor, infection, fracture, or spinal stenosis. Treatment usually targets the underlying cause of the condition and often includes surgery to remove the material that is pressing on the nerves. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and/or other services may be required if symptoms persist following surgery.


name: response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


name: establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.


name: type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


enamel mineralization

description: The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.


host cell cytoplasm

description: The cytoplasm of a host cell.


name: forebrain radial glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

description: Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


aster

description: An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


name: negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


name: regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


xylulose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


Skin fissure

description: A clearly-defined and roughly linear cleavage in the skin that usually extends to the dermis.


substantia propria of cornea

description: The lamellated connective tissue of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.


name: regulation of single-species biofilm formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


pancreas morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


Acral Erythema

description: Reddening of the palmar and plantar regions of the body with occasional involvement of the distal extremities.


name: nuclear polyadenylation-dependent rRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways occurring in the nucleus and resulting in the breakdown of a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule, including RNA fragments released as part of processing the primary transcript into multiple mature rRNA species, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target rRNA.


name: cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues.


name: positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


name: positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


leucine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: leucine + ATP + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + Leu-tRNA(Leu).


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


RS domain binding

description: Binding to an RS domain of a protein; RS domains are usually highly phosphorylated and characterized by the presence of arginine (R)/serine (S) dipeptides. The RS domain promotes protein-protein interactions and directs subcellular localization and, in certain situations, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of individual SR proteins. They also play a role in splicing.


complement component C1 complex

description: A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.


Shakes

description: Unsteadiness or trembling movements of the whole body or a body part.


name: negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: positive regulation of autophagosome maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.


hemophilia A

description: The most common form of hemophilia characterized by spontaneous or prolonged hemorrhages due to factor VIII deficiency.


name: establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

description: The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


name: coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


regulation of centriole replication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.


name: positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


nephrogenic mesenchyme development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


Golgi trans cisterna

description: The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.


name: pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


name: synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


N-glycan processing to lysosome

description: The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.


Leukonychia

description: White discoloration of the nails.


translocon complex

description: A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.


CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex

description: A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.


response to staurosporine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


pressure natriuresis

description: The process in which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and thereby results in both an increase in urine volume (diuresis) and an increase in the amount of sodium excreted in the urine (natriuresis).


name: negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


name: sodium:phosphate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


vasomotor rhinitis

description: Inflammation in the nasal cavity mucosa that results from the abnormal regulation of the blood flow in the nose. It may be caused by temperature fluctuations, air pollution, strong odors, and tobacco smoke. It results in chronic nasal congestion, sneezing, and running nose.


Hypovolemic shock

description: A state of shock characterized by decreased circulating blood volume in relation to total vascular capacity. This type of shock is characterized by a reduction of diastolic filling pressures.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

description: The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of dopamine secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


name: regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


neuronal ion channel clustering

description: The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.


name: regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


Needle injury

description: A penetrating stab wound from a needle (or other sharp object) that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids.


trauma to the abdomen

description: Trauma to the abdomen.


name: epithelial cilium movement involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

description: The movement of cilia of epithelial cells of the Left Right Organizer (LRO), also referred to as the node in mouse or the Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish, resulting in the leftward fluid flow across the LRO and generation or transport of a signal which determines asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


name: peripheral nervous system myelin formation

description: The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.


name: positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

description: Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


mesonephric duct formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.


name: calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.


snRNA transcription

description: The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.


hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

description: A condition in which the myocardium is hypertrophied without an obvious cause. The hypertrophy is generally asymmetric and may be associated with obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract.


name: regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of fermentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation.


name: mesodermal to mesenchymal transition involved in gastrulation

description: The epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in which a mesodermal cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell as part of the process of gastrulation.


name: regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


hepatocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.


name: negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


paracoccidioidomycosis

description: A systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that is most often seen in immunocompromised patients. It affects the mucous membranes, lymph nodes, lungs and bones.


name: positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cobalt ion binding

description: Binding to a cobalt ion (Co2+).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


GMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


detection of monosaccharide stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a monosaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


parathyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


melanocyte migration

description: The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


cellular response to dopamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


name: regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


name: macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Decreased Bone Density

description: A laboratory finding indicating the presence of lower than normal bone mineral density.


thiamine pyrophosphate binding

description: Binding to thiamine pyrophosphate, the diphosphoric ester of thiamine. Acts as a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle

description: The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.


name: positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


name: positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


name: regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


T cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


virus maturation

description: The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.


name: regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.


name: platelet activating factor metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


lipoxin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signaling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.


name: positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta3 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.


activin receptor binding

description: Binding to an activin receptor.


collagen beaded filament

description: A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.


mast cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


name: nuclear mRNA surveillance of spliceosomal pre-mRNA splicing

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading incorrectly spliced pre-mRNAs within the nucleus.


pyridoxine deficiency anemia

description: Deficiency of vitamin B6. It is usually caused by alcoholism, malabsorption, or as a side effect of medications. Signs and symptoms include stomatitis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy, irritability, seizures, and anemia.


description: Gastritis that is characterized by erosion of the mucosal surface.


name: heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


renal sodium ion transport

description: The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the renal system.


name: helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response

description: Positive regulation of an adaptive immune response mediated via cytokine production by helper T cell.


uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.


telethonin binding

description: Binding to telethonin, a protein found in the Z disc of striated muscle and which is a substrate of the titin kinase.


name: formation of translation preinitiation complex

description: The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


spermatoproteasome complex

description: A proteasome specifically found in mammalian testis. Contains the proteasome activator PA200 in the regulatory particle, and beta1i, beta2i, beta5i and/or alpha4s in the core (20S) subunit. Beta1i, beta2i and beta5i are inducible catalytic subunits, closely related to beta1, beta2 and beta5. Alpha4s is a sperm-specific 20S subunit, but unlike other alternative 20S subunits alpha4s lies in the outer alpha-ring and lacks catalytic activity.


name: regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


cell body fiber

description: A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.


name: negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


name: negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


response to methylglyoxal

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


name: positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


progesterone secretion

description: The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


alpha-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.


name: tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb

description: The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


respiratory system process

description: A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


CTP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


name: deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


origin recognition complex

description: A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.


osteoarthritis, spine

description: A degenerative joint disease involving the spine. It is characterized by progressive deterioration of the spinal articular cartilage (cartilage, articular), usually with hardening of the subchondral bone and outgrowth of bone spurs (osteophyte).


Ingrown nail

description: Excessive growth of a nail laterally into the nail fold.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


name: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


cryptococcosis

description: An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004


name: positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


tRNA thio-modification

description: The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


linaclotide

A fourteen-membered heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of Cys, Cys, Glu, Tyr, Cys, Cys, Asn, Pro, Ala, Cys, Thr, Gly, Cys and Tyr residues joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bonds: between Cys(1) and Cys(6), between Cys(2) and Cys(10), and between Cys(5) and Cys(13). Used for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome accompanied by constipation.


name: regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


gingival hypertrophy

description: Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.


cellular response to folic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


heel spur

description: A bony outgrowth on the lower surface of the calcaneus. Though often presenting along with plantar fasciitis (fasciitis, plantar), they are not considered causally related.


farnesol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


CBM complex

description: A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.


auditory receptor cell morphogenesis

description: Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.


embryonic body morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized.


viral penetration into host nucleus

description: The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.


name: regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


Eruptive xanthomas

description: Eruptive xanthomas are yellow-orange-to-red-brown papules that are often surrounded by an erythematous halo. They appear in crops on the buttocks, extensor surfaces of the extremities, and flexural creases. Acutely, variable amounts of pruritus and pain occur.


name: zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

description: The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


prostaglandin E receptor activity

description: Combining with prostaglandin E (PGE(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: 'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


Pleural thickening

description: An increase in the thickness of the pleura, generally related to scarring of the pleural tissue.


name: regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.