Horner syndrome

description: Horner's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by miosis (constriction of thepupil), ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), and anhidrosis (absence of sweating of the face). It iscaused by damage to the sympathetic nerves of the face. The underlying causes of Horner's syndrome vary greatly and may include a tumor, stroke, or other damage to a part of the brain called the brain stem ; injury to the carotid artery ;and trauma to the brachial plexus. In rare cases, Horner's syndrome is congenital (present from birth) and associated with a lack of pigmentation of the iris (colored part of the eye). Treatment of Horner's syndrome depends on the underlying cause.


name: positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


response to estrogen

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


Peripheral edema

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in the soft tissues of the limbs.


dofetilide

A tertiary amino compound that is N-ethyl-N-methylethanamine substituted by a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy and a 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl group at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. It is used as an  anti-arrhythmia drug.


respiratory tract infectious disorder

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.


negative regulation of binding

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


name: regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


baclofen

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of baclofen.


Kidney Calculi

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


probenecid

A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.


protein xylosyltransferase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate.


eyelid

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane.


osteomalacia

description: A metabolic bone disease that results from either a deficiency in vitamin D, or an abnormality in the metabolism of vitamin D, or a deficiency of calcium in the diet. The most common symptoms are bone pain and muscle weakness. When it occurs in children it is commonly referred to as rickets. (Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed.) --2003


mitochondrial transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.


methylosome

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.


intracellular chemical homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.


endogenous depression

description: Depression which is considered strictly biological.


bone cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the bone or articular cartilage.


appendage

description: Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO].


carbohydrate binding

description: Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


name: ossification involved in bone maturation

description: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


ileus

description: Decrease in peristalsis in the absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction.


platelet activation

description: A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.


regulation of monooxygenase activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.


voriconazole

A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.


response to L-ascorbic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


nicardipine

A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.


ST segment depression

description: An electrocardiographic anomaly in which the ST segment is observed to be located inferior to the isoelectric line.


peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.


name: antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.


preribosome, small subunit precursor

description: A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.


Lower Abdominal Pain

description: A sensation of discomfort emanating from the inferior quadrants of the abdomen, which may be peritoneal or visceral in origin, or referred from an extra-abdominal location.


name: positive regulation of cellular catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


chemokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


RNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding of an RNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


3'-5' DNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3', driven by ATP hydrolysis.


heart growth

description: The increase in size or mass of the heart.


intestinal obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the bowel.


actomyosin structure organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.


cochlea development

description: The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.


Respiratory distress

description: Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.


response to hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


name: positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of lipid metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.


nitric oxide

A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


Supraventricular arrhythmia

description: A type of arrhythmia that originates above the ventricles, whereby the electrical impulse propagates down the normal His Purkinje system similar to normal sinus rhythm.


lobar bronchus development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi.


nucleoside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein alkylation

description: The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


polyneuropathy

description: A disease or disorder affecting more than one nerve.


hypertrichosis

description: Excessive hair growth anywhere on the body.


brush border

description: The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.


periodontitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


pyrimidine dimer repair

description: The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.


actin filament-based process

description: Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


cardiac ventricle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


nucleocytoplasmic transport

description: The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


name: regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process

description: A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.


name: regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


response to pheromone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


name: regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing

description: A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.


nadolol

Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.


obstructive lung disease

description: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. airway obstruction may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.


Sinus bradycardia

description: Bradycardia related to a mean resting sinus rate of less than 50 beats per minute.


Focal sensory seizure

description: A focal sensory seizure is a type seizure beginning with a subjective sensation.


cell-substrate junction

description: A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


name: positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


cyproterone acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase.


cell-substrate adhesion

description: The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


exocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle.


cytoplasmic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


bone trabecula morphogenesis

description: The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.


name: positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes.


albendazole

A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a propylsulfanyl group at position 5. It is commonly used in the treatment of parasitic worm infestations.


name: regulation of protein localization to cell periphery

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.


name: negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process.


malignant colon neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the colon. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


name: leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.


nucleosomal DNA binding

description: Binding to the DNA portion of a nucleosome.


name: negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.


meclofenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


name: negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.


spindle

description: The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


collagen binding

description: Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


name: passive transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.


regulation of synapse organization

description: Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


Loss of consciousness

description: Loss of alertness and orientation to place and time.


name: regulation of microtubule depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


Paresthesia

description: Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause.


negative regulation of secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


base-excision repair

description: In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


cardiac muscle tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste

description: The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: negative regulation of cell projection organization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


eprosartan

A member of the class of  imidazoles and  thiophenes  that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.


name: establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


name: primary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical such as ATP hydrolysis, redox energy and photon energy.


name: negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.


name: regulation of defense response to virus by host

description: Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.


monoatomic ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


peptidyl-serine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-serine.


name: ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


name: regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


name: telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication

description: The process in which telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors as part of cell cycle DNA replication.


name: regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides.


cyproheptadine

The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.


name: negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


name: embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


name: positive regulation of viral genome replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


enzalutamide

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzoic acid with methylamine. Used for the treatment of of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.


name: regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


GTPase inhibitor activity

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.


outer kinetochore

description: The region of a kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.


mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

description: A signaling process that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.


bosutinib

An aminoquinoline that is 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-7-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy]quinoline bearing additional cyano and methoxy substituents at positions 3 and 6 respectively.


stavudine

A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase


Hemorrhoidal Hemorrhage

description: Bleeding from the hemorrhoids.


regulation of embryonic development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


Sensitization (observable entity)

category: biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


gadoteridol

A non-ionic gadolinium chelate having a macrocyclic tetraamine framework. It is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


disulfide oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


name: calcium activated phosphatidylserine scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phosphatidylserine molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet as a result of a calcium stimulus.


oxazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.


name: negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.


syntaxin binding

description: Binding to a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.


protein to membrane docking

description: The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


leprosy

description: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting primarily the skin and peripheral nervous system.


post-anal tail morphogenesis

description: The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.


name: negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion.


Sepsis

description: Systemic inflammatory response to infection.


cabergoline

An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.


response to blue light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


metoclopramide

A member of the class of  benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.


cardiac septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.


name: positive regulation of muscle organ development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development.


name: ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


Xerostomia

description: Dryness of the mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction.


amide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


phlebitis

description: Inflammation of a vein.


dronedarone

A member of the class of  1-benzofurans used for the treatment of  cardiac arrhythmias.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


lipase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


Angina pectoris

description: Paroxysmal chest pain that occurs with exertion or stress and is related to myocardial ischemia.


penicillin G

Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.


name: erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


calcium glucoheptonate

The calcium salt of (2xi)-D-gluco-heptonic acid. It is used as a calcium supplement for treatment of hypocalcaemia.


Vasodilation procedure

category: biolink:Procedure biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


RNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


name: positive regulation of protein transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nuclear speck

description: A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.


name: negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


exocrine pancreas development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.


name: positive regulation of protein secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


name: negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.


lymphocyte homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


ceramide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.


dephosphorylation

description: The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.


response to decreased oxygen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


glutathione hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate.


neuron fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


larynx cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the larynx. The majority are carcinomas.


cytoplasmic stress granule

description: A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


Golgi-associated vesicle

description: Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.


cefadroxil

A cephalosporin bearing methyl and  (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: regulation of intracellular protein transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


laminin-1 binding

description: Binding to laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.


Arthralgia

description: Joint pain.


lung epithelium development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.


cellular response to alcohol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


ruxolitinib

A pyrazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-cyano-1-cyclopentylethyl group and at position 3 by a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl group. Used as the phosphate salt for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis.


regulation of DNA replication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


flavin adenine dinucleotide binding

description: Binding to FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.


double-stranded RNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded RNA.


nelfinavir

An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.


synaptic vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.


mannitol

The D-enantiomer of mannitol.


Infestation

description: Invasion of the body by complex organisms that are typically non-microscopic such as worms and arthropods.


name: positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


nucleoside phosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside phosphate.


U Waves by ECG Finding

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a small hump following the T wave occurring during the final phase of Purkinje repolarization.


levobupivacaine

The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.


pulmonary valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.


vitamin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


cell growth

description: The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.


name: regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


name: positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


celecoxib

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis.


zopiclone

A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.


otitis media

description: Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the middle ear, which is most often caused by an infectious process. Symptoms include erythema and edema of the tympanic membrane, pain, and possibly fever.


cluster of actin-based cell projections

description: A cell part consisting of multiple, closely packed actin-based cell projections.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding

description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


name: positive regulation of JUN kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


name: negative regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition

description: Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.


name: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


dendritic cell migration

description: The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


lymphocyte activation

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


name: negative regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


granulocyte migration

description: The movement of a granulocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


regulation of transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


Nocturia

description: Abnormally increased production of urine during the night leading to an unusually frequent need to urinate.


name: protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation

description: The process in which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


response to toxic substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


metyrapone

An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.


regulation of excretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


description: The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


Chills

description: A sudden sensation of feeling cold.


protein deacetylation

description: The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


response to reactive oxygen species

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex

description: A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.


name: immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

description: The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


chenodeoxycholic acid

A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


name: establishment of synaptic vesicle localization

description: The directed movement of a synaptic vesicle or vesicles to a specific location.


luteolysis

description: The lysis or structural demise of the corpus luteum. During normal luteolysis, two closely related events occur. First, there is loss of the capacity to synthesize and secrete progesterone (functional luteolysis) followed by loss of the cells that comprise the corpus luteum (structural luteolysis). Preventing luteolysis is crucial to maintain pregnancy.


name: proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.


retinoid binding

description: Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


nuclear replisome

description: A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


name: negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.


aminoglycan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.


gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.


name: positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


pigment granule maturation

description: Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


glycosylceramide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


citalopram

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer,  escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.


oxalate transport

description: The directed movement of oxalate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.


nucleus organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.


eletriptan

An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.


name: regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


ion channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an ion channel.


name: dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching

description: The process in which a lung bud bifurcates.


actin-mediated cell contraction

description: The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.


DNA geometric change

description: The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.


urethritis

description: Inflammation of the urethra.


copper ion binding

description: Binding to a copper (Cu) ion.


name: negative regulation of glycogen metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen.


regulation of exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.


name: regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.


diclofenamide

A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.


name: phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).


cardiac rhythm disease

description: Any variation from the normal rate or rhythm (which may include the origin of the impulse and/or its subsequent propagation) in the heart.


sour taste receptor activity

description: Combining with soluble sour compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sour taste.


name: positive regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


name: vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.


multiple sclerosis

description: A progressive autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system resulting in demyelination. Patients develop physical and cognitive impairments that correspond with the affected nerve fibers.


name: reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.


cyanocobalamin

A complex cob(III)alamin in which cobalt is positioned in the centre of a planar corrin tetrapyrrole ring and bound axially to a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety and a cyano group. It is one of several forms of the vitamin known as vitamin B12.


Swelling

description: Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation


name: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


name: positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.


cysteine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


name: purine-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


ovulation cycle

description: The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


citrate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


90S preribosome

description: A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


early endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.


telbivudine

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase.


RNA modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.


name: regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


cellular response to superoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


name: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.


6-aminocaproic acid

An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.


stem cell division

description: The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.


name: phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).


endosome to lysosome transport

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.


protein export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


name: negative regulation of catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.


Joint stiffness

description: Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time.


name: regulation of superoxide anion generation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


name: regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


oxaprozin

A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is  non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


ribose phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


name: regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of cell cycle.


cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


cerebral cortex tangential migration

description: The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


name: calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium.


cytoplasmic sequestering of protein

description: The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.


DNA-templated transcription initiation

description: The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.


GTP-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex when at least one of the interacting partners is in the GTP-bound state.


convergent extension

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.


name: positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


γ-hydroxybutyrate

A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


Leg Cramp

description: An involuntary contraction of a muscle supporting the femur.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

description: The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.


internal carotid artery

description: A terminal branch of the left or right common carotid artery which supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes[MP].


acrosome reaction

description: The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the zona pellucida.


manus

description: Distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits.


regulation of hormone levels

description: Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.


Vasovagal syncope

description: A vasovagal episode or vasovagal syncope is the most common form of reflex syncope. Reflex syncope is a general term used to describe types of syncope resulting from a failure in autoregulation of blood pressure, and ultimately, in cerebral perfusion pressure resulting in transient loss of consciousness. The mechanisms responsible for this are complex and involve both depression of cardiac output as well as a decrease in vascular tone.


folinic acid

A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.


name: positive regulation of monoatomic anion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


regulation of lipoprotein oxidation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.


name: positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


name: regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


melphalan

A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.


dermatitis, atopic

description: Atopic dermatitis (AD) or atopic eczema is an itchy, inflammatory skin condition with a predilection for the skin flexures. It is characterized by poorly defined erythema with edema, vesicles, and weeping in the acute stage and skin thickening (lichenification) in the chronic stage.


regulation of cell size

description: Any process that modulates the size of a cell.


Golgi stack

description: The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.


name: intervertebral disk degenerative disorder

description: Any disease of a degenerative nature that affects the intervertebral disk.


proteasome core complex

description: A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.


name: positive regulation of phospholipase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


name: plasma lipoprotein particle organization

description: A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.


electron transfer activity

description: A molecular function representing the directed movement of electrons from one molecular entity to another, typically mediated by electron carriers or acceptors, resulting in the transfer of energy and/or the reduction-oxidation (redox) transformation of chemical species. This activity is fundamental to various biological processes, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis, as well as numerous enzymatic reactions involved in metabolic pathways.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).


terpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.


name: regulation of actin filament depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.


name: pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.


name: proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis

description: The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mesonephric tubule development

description: The progression of a mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


digestive tract development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


response to tumor necrosis factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.


name: positive regulation of exit from mitosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


name: regulation of protein localization to cell surface

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


name: regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


mitochondrial DNA repair

description: The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.


heart valve development

description: The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


name: ornithine decarboxylase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.


name: monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.


potassium ion transport

description: The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


establishment of organelle localization

description: The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.


name: positive regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


ritonavir

An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.


name: positive regulation of macrophage activation

description: Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.


regulation of gliogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


agraphia

description: An acquired writing disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some motor dysfunction or the inability to spell.


neutrophil chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


glucosamine

A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.


calmodulin binding

description: Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.


lupus erythematosus

description: An autoimmune, connective tissue chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, heart, and the peripheral blood cells. It is more commonly seen in women than men. Variants include discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus.


name: mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

description: The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation.


carpal region

description: A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted].


nuclear matrix

description: The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


nucleosome

description: A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


peptide secretion

description: The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


name: positive regulation of stress fiber assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


sarcoplasm

description: The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


norethisterone

A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.


response to xenobiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S = X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


name: glutamine family amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


name: negative regulation of JUN kinase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


negative regulation of hemopoiesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


C21-steroid hormone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


name: calcium-activated cation channel activity

description: Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


tetrabenazine

A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.


obsessive-compulsive disorder

description: A disorder characterized by the presence of persistent and recurrent irrational thoughts (obsessions), resulting in marked anxiety and repetitive excessive behaviors (compulsions) as a way to try to decrease that anxiety.


regulation of cellular component size

description: A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.


travoprost

The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.


scotoma

description: A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of eye diseases (e.g., retinal diseases and glaucoma); optic nerve diseases, and other conditions.


regorafenib

A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by condensation of 4-[4-({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid with methylamine. Used for for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have previously received chemotherapy, anti-EGFR or anti-VEGF therapy.


ulcer disease

description: A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.


response to magnesium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


protein-hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


synaptic receptor adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that provides a physical support bridging a synaptic signaling receptor and a downstream signaling molecule.


paralytic ileus

description: An ileus caused by abdominal or pelvic surgery, infections, disorders that affect the muscles and nerves, and medications. Signs and symptoms include those of intestinal obstruction.


spindle pole

description: Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


name: DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: positive regulation of proteoglycan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that projects above the surrounding epithelial surface and consists of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


L-α-methyldopa

A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.


organophosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


pre-miRNA processing

description: A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.


synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


serine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


positive regulation of JNK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


nephric duct morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


name: cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT

description: An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with receptor activation followed by activation of STAT proteins by kinases. It proceeds through STA dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


progressive external ophthalmoplegia

description: A mitochondrial myopathy characterized by slowly progressive paralysis of the levator palpebrae, orbicularis oculi, and extraocular muscles. Ragged-red fibers and atrophy are found on muscle biopsy. Familial and sporadic forms may occur. Disease onset is usually in the first or second decade of life, and the illness slowly progresses until usually all ocular motility is lost. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1422)


clathrin binding

description: Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex

description: A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).


name: regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


guanyl ribonucleotide binding

description: Binding to a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cGMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.


regulation of cell junction assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly.


positive regulation of secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


lipid transport

description: The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


phagocytosis, recognition

description: The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.


name: complement activation, alternative pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


organic acid transport

description: The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glycoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


regulation of membrane permeability

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


steroid dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


rDNA heterochromatin formation

description: The formation of heterochromatin at ribosomal DNA, characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3.


axon development

description: The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).


amitriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.


(-)-adrenaline

The R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response.


Hallucinations

description: Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. These perceptions are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space.


name: regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


cellular response to light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


positive regulation of phagocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.


detection of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.


bacterial urinary tract infection

description: A bacterial infectious process affecting any part of the urinary tract, most commonly the bladder and the urethra. Symptoms include urinary urgency and frequency, burning sensation during urination, lower abdominal discomfort, and cloudy urine.


negative regulation of protein import

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein import.


desipramine

A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.


vacuolar lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.


imiquimod

An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.


vulvar disease

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the vulva. Representative examples include infection, Bartholin gland adenoma, and vulvar carcinoma.


transferrin receptor binding

description: Binding to a transferrin receptor.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.


flucloxacillin

A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.


name: positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


miconazole

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.


adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of protein binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


name: transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate.


Decreased Forced Expiratory Volume

description: A decrease in the fraction of the forced vital capacity that is exhaled in a specific number of seconds.


regulation of growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


gingival overgrowth

description: Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (gingival hypertrophy) or by an increase in their number (gingival hyperplasia). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)


negative regulation of fertilization

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


calcium-ion regulated exocytosis

description: The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.


name: TRAMP-dependent tRNA surveillance pathway

description: A nuclear tRNA surveillance pathway, dependent on the TRAMP exosome adaptor and the nuclear exosome.


boceprevir

A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.


cheilitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the lip.


exocytosis

description: A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


tRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.


urethral disorder

description: A disease involving the urethra.


name: biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms

description: Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.


sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.


ventricular tachycardia

description: A disorder characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of three or more consecutive complexes of ventricular origin with a rate greater than a certain threshold (100 or 120 beats per minute are commonly used). The QRS complexes are wide and have an abnormal morphology. (CDISC)


chemokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a chemokine receptor.


leukocyte migration

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


tenofovir disoproxil

An organic phosphonate that is the disoproxil ester of tenofovir. A prodrug for tenofovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir disoproxil is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.


name: modified amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.