name: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.


name: cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


outflow tract septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


axonal fasciculation

description: The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


motor neuron axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


facial nerve structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial ophthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


name: trigeminal nerve structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


name: vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance

description: The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


name: gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus

description: The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.


name: regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.


name: cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


endothelial cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


name: ventral trunk neural crest cell migration

description: The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.


neuropilin signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


name: negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.


name: axon extension involved in axon guidance

description: The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


positive chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.


axonogenesis involved in innervation

description: The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.


name: regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.


name: dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in salivary gland branching

description: The process in which a salivary epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


name: angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

description: Blood vessel formation in the heart when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


coronary artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle.


name: retina vasculature morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the vasculature of the retina is generated and organized.


renal artery morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.


sympathetic ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


trigeminal ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.


sensory neuron axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.


motor neuron migration

description: The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


sympathetic neuron projection extension

description: Long distance growth of a single sympathetic neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


sympathetic neuron projection guidance

description: The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


basal dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


basal dendrite arborization

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated on the basal neuron side and organized into dendritic branches.


name: positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


name: neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development

description: Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.


protein localization to early endosome

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.


facioacoustic ganglion development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


dorsal root ganglion morphogenesis

description: The developmental process by which a dorsal root ganglion is generated and organized.


name: negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


neurofilament

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.


sorting endosome

description: A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles.


semaphorin receptor complex

description: A stable binary complex of a semaphorin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.


TNPO2_HUMAN Transportin-2 (sprot)

A transportin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TNF11_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tumor necrosis factor receptor binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to a tumor necrosis factor receptor.


name: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding

description: Binding to a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.


osteoclast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.


monocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.


calcium-mediated signaling

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


name: tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by tumor necrosis factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


name: positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


osteoclast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


paracrine signaling

description: The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.


name: positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


positive regulation of bone resorption

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


name: positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.


calcium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


name: positive regulation of fever generation by positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of fever generation via positive regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.


name: positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of osteoclast development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


APOL1_HUMAN Apolipoprotein L1 (sprot)

An apolipoprotein L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


lipoprotein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

description: The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle

description: A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver.


high-density lipoprotein particle

description: A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.


name: HS3S1_HUMAN Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (sprot)

description: A heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.


glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


name: heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification

description: The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.


name: GDF8_HUMAN Growth/differentiation factor 8 (sprot)

description: A growth/differentiation factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to gravity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


name: positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


name: positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


skeletal muscle atrophy

description: A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


name: negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


name: skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.


name: myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


response to muscle activity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.


ovulation cycle process

description: A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


response to testosterone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


muscle cell cellular homeostasis

description: The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


response to electrical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


name: cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of myoblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


name: UN13B_HUMAN Protein unc-13 homolog B (sprot)

description: A protein unc-13 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.


synaptic vesicle priming

description: A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.


acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

description: The calcium ion regulated exocytosis which results in fusion of the acrosomal vesicle with the plasma membrane of the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


cellular response to glucose stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


name: positive regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


neuronal dense core vesicle exocytosis

description: The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels.


terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


presynaptic active zone

description: A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


name: SH21B_HUMAN SH2 domain-containing protein 1B (sprot)

description: An SH2 domain-containing protein 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: leukocyte activation involved in immune response

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


name: TR10C_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RPC1_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC1 (sprot)

description: A DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA/RNA hybrid binding

description: Binding to a RNA/DNA hybrid.


name: tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

description: The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


RNA polymerase III complex

description: RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


name: TAAR5_HUMAN Trace amine-associated receptor 5 (sprot)

description: A trace amine-associated receptor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


trimethylamine receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


name: RASM_HUMAN Ras-related protein M-Ras (sprot)

description: A Ras-related protein M-Ras that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPLX1_HUMAN Complexin-1 (sprot)

A complexin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


regulation of exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.


name: regulation of exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles into the postsynaptic membrane.


calyx of Held

description: The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).


name: PHX2A_HUMAN Paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2A (sprot)

description: A paired mesoderm homeobox protein 2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron, a neuron that secretes noradrenaline.


somatic motor neuron differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


oculomotor nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


trochlear nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


locus ceruleus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


midbrain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).


name: regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.


sympathetic nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.


dopaminergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.


CAN9_HUMAN Calpain-9 (sprot)

A calpain-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSN4_HUMAN Tetraspanin-4 (sprot)

A tetraspanin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


antigen binding

description: Binding to an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. Antigen binding by an MHC protein complex allows the antigen to be displayed to a T cell or NK cell.


name: PSA7_HUMAN Proteasome subunit alpha type-7 (sprot)

description: A proteasome subunit alpha type-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasome core complex

description: A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.


name: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


name: RGRF2_HUMAN Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 (sprot)

description: A Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


long-term synaptic potentiation

description: A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.


name: SCAM3_HUMAN Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3 (sprot)

description: A secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: PPE1_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 1 (sprot)

description: A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


manganese ion binding

description: Binding to a manganese ion (Mn).


name: detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: PPE2_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 2 (sprot)

description: A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.


regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


regulation of JUN kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


name: PAHX_HUMAN Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal (sprot)

description: A phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


ferrous iron binding

description: Binding to a ferrous iron ion, Fe(II).


carboxylic acid binding

description: Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.


2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.


isoprenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


2-oxobutyrate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


name: methyl-branched fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl-branched fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with methyl branches on the main chain.


name: TR13B_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B that is encoded in the genome of human.


OPLA_HUMAN 5-oxoprolinase (sprot)

A 5-oxoprolinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


name: FFAR1_HUMAN Free fatty acid receptor 1 (sprot)

description: A free fatty acid receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

description: Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


name: phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


name: negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.


response to fatty acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


name: ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of an ion channel.


name: FFAR3_HUMAN Free fatty acid receptor 3 (sprot)

description: A free fatty acid receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mucosal immune response

description: An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


name: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


name: positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


regulation of norepinephrine secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


negative regulation of blood pressure

description: Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.


name: regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


name: regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


cellular response to fatty acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


regulation of peptide hormone secretion

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


name: AIM2_HUMAN Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 (sprot)

description: An interferon-inducible protein AIM2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase.


activation of innate immune response

description: Any process that initiates an innate immune response. Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. Examples of this process include activation of the hypersensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana and activation of any NOD or TLR signaling pathway in vertebrate species.


name: pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species, or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), endogenous molecules released from damaged cells.


name: positive regulation of defense response to virus by host

description: Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.


T cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


regulation of behavior

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


neuron cellular homeostasis

description: The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.


pyroptotic inflammatory response

description: A gasdermin-dependent inflammatory response that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18. Gasdermins are activated by caspase-1 or caspase-4/11, or by certain granzymes. In some, but not all cells, it can lead to pyroptotic programmed cell death.


AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the AIM2 inflammasome complex.


pyroptosome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pyroptosome complex.


name: positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


name: ZNT4_HUMAN Probable proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A4 (sprot)

description: A probable proton-coupled zinc antiporter SLC30A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


zinc ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


zinc export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.


name: BACH1_HUMAN Transcription regulator protein BACH1 (sprot)

description: A transcription regulator protein BACH1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ligand-activated transcription factor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that modulates the transcription of specific genes and gene sets. Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and steroid hormone receptors.


name: BCKD_HUMAN Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (sprot)

description: A branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


name: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


name: negative regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

description: A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate (also known as 2-oxoglutarate) to form succinyl-CoA. The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Additional proteins may also be present.


name: IFIT3_HUMAN Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (sprot)

description: An interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


antiviral innate immune response

description: A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


name: MGST3_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase 3, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A glutathione S-transferase 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


leukotriene-C4 synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene C(4) = glutathione + leukotriene A(4).


prostanoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.


leukotriene biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


name: GEMI2_HUMAN Gem-associated protein 2 (sprot)

description: A gem-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


spliceosomal complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.


negative regulation of RNA binding

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


SMN complex

description: A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.


Gemini of coiled bodies

description: Nuclear bodies frequently found near or associated with Cajal bodies (also called coiled bodies or CBs). Gemini of coiled bodies, or 'gems', are similar in size and shape to CBs, and often indistinguishable under the microscope. Unlike CBs, gems do not contain small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs); they contain a protein called survivor of motor neurons (SMN) whose function relates to snRNP biogenesis. Gems are believed to assist CBs in snRNP biogenesis, and to play a role in the etiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).


spliceosomal complex

description: Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.


SMN-Sm protein complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.


name: T4S5_HUMAN Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 (sprot)

description: A transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: IRF6_HUMAN Interferon regulatory factor 6 (sprot)

description: An interferon regulatory factor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


keratinocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.


cell development

description: The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.


limb development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.


name: mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.


name: KLF11_HUMAN Krueppel-like factor 11 (sprot)

description: A krueppel-like factor 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to peptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


WNT9A_HUMAN Protein Wnt-9a (sprot)

A protein Wnt-9a that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


iris morphogenesis

description: The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.


cornea development in camera-type eye

description: The progression of the cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cornea is the transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.


embryonic skeletal joint development

description: The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.


WNT9B_HUMAN Protein Wnt-9b (sprot)

A protein Wnt-9b that is encoded in the genome of human.


co-receptor binding

description: Binding to a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.


name: branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

description: The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


regulation of protein phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.


name: regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


regulation of asymmetric cell division

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


male genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to retinoic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


regulation of tube size

description: Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.


name: embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase.


kidney rudiment formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


name: mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


collecting duct development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


name: establishment of planar polarity involved in nephron morphogenesis

description: Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


metanephric tubule formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


mesonephric duct formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric duct. A mesonephric duct is a tube that drains the mesonephros.


name: negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


name: midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.


name: TX1B3_HUMAN Tax1-binding protein 3 (sprot)

description: A Tax1-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


name: GIPC1_HUMAN PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1 (sprot)

description: A PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


myosin binding

description: Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.


glutamate secretion

description: The controlled release of glutamate by a cell. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.


endothelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


name: positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


cellular response to interleukin-7

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.


dendritic shaft

description: Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.


name: LIN7A_HUMAN Protein lin-7 homolog A (sprot)

description: A protein lin-7 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


L27 domain binding

description: Binding to a L27 domain of a protein. L27 is composed of conserved negatively charged amino acids and a conserved aromatic amino acid. L27 domains can assemble proteins involved in signaling and establishment and maintenance of cell polarity into complexes by interacting in a heterodimeric manner.


inner ear development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


PCD17_HUMAN Protocadherin-17 (sprot)

A protocadherin-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adult behavior

description: Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


name: negative regulation of synaptic transmission

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


synaptic membrane adhesion

description: The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


presynaptic active zone assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic active zone. The presynaptic active zone is a specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


name: IKKB_HUMAN Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (sprot)

description: An inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


IkappaB kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


transferrin receptor binding

description: Binding to a transferrin receptor.


name: stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of C-type lectin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and resulting in cellular activation.


name: antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette characterized by the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB, also known as the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. The canonical NF-kappaB pathway is mainly stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, antigen ligands, and toll-like receptors (TLRs).


name: regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.


name: cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 3.


name: negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


regulation of phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-1 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


name: negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.


IkappaB kinase complex

description: A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


name: RGS13_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 13 (sprot)

description: A regulator of G-protein signaling 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


name: RGS12_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 12 (sprot)

description: A regulator of G-protein signaling 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TIM23_HUMAN Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim23 (sprot)

description: A mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim23 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex

description: The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that typically transports proteins that possess a matrix-targeting N-terminal presequence. The TIM23 complex contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.


FSCN2_HUMAN Fascin-2 (sprot)

A fascin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HAT1_HUMAN Histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit (sprot)

description: A histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone.


name: histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


internal protein amino acid acetylation

description: The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.


subtelomeric heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin into heterochromatin at the subtelomeric region.


name: NCTR3_HUMAN Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (sprot)

description: A natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


cell recognition

description: The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


name: UB2L6_HUMAN Ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 (sprot)

description: A ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISG15 transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


ubiquitin binding

description: Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.


ISG15-protein conjugation

description: The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.


name: CSKP_HUMAN Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK (sprot)

description: A peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK that is encoded in the genome of human.


guanylate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP.


name: negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


GMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


GDP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


negative regulation of wound healing

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


calcium ion import

description: The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion import

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


nuclear lamina

description: The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.


PLD2_HUMAN Phospholipase D2 (sprot)

A phospholipase D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


name: N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NAPE) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an N-acylethanolamine (NAE) + H+.


phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


EREG_HUMAN Proepiregulin (sprot)

A proepiregulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.


female meiotic nuclear division

description: A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.


mRNA transcription

description: The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.


ovulation

description: The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and EGFR. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to peptide hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


positive regulation of DNA replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


name: positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.


name: positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


primary follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


name: clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.


name: TFEC_HUMAN Transcription factor EC (sprot)

description: A transcription factor EC that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to heat

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


name: QCR8_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c

description: The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.


subthalamus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.


pons development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


thalamus development

description: The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.


pyramidal neuron development

description: The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.


name: ML12B_HUMAN Myosin regulatory light chain 12B (sprot)

description: A myosin regulatory light chain 12B that is encoded in the genome of human.


myosin heavy chain binding

description: Binding to a heavy chain of a myosin complex.


myosin II complex

description: A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.


name: QCR10_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: generation of precursor metabolites and energy

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.


CASQ2_HUMAN Calsequestrin-2 (sprot)

A calsequestrin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium ion sequestering activity

description: Binding to a calcium ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


regulation of heart rate

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


detection of calcium ion

description: The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


striated muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.


name: regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.


name: negative regulation of potassium ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sequestering of calcium ion

description: The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


protein polymerization

description: The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


cardiac muscle contraction

description: Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.


regulation of membrane repolarization

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.


name: negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

description: Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


name: negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


description: The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.


sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


calcium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.


name: LECT2_HUMAN Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (sprot)

description: A leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HGS_HUMAN Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (sprot)

description: A hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane invagination

description: The infolding of a membrane.


name: negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


ESCRT-0 complex

description: A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


phagocytic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.


AURKA_HUMAN Aurora kinase A (sprot)

An aurora kinase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


spindle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


mitotic centrosome separation

description: Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


anterior/posterior axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


name: regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


regulation of centrosome cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.


centrosome localization

description: Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cilium disassembly

description: A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


protein localization to centrosome

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.


name: positive regulation of oocyte maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oocyte maturation.


neuron projection extension

description: Long distance growth of a single neuron projection involved in cellular development. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


spindle pole centrosome

description: A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.


germinal vesicle

description: The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.


axon hillock

description: Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.


pronucleus

description: The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.


meiotic spindle

description: A spindle that forms as part of meiosis. Several proteins, such as budding yeast Spo21p, fission yeast Spo2 and Spo13, and C. elegans mei-1, localize specifically to the meiotic spindle and are absent from the mitotic spindle.


name: RAB7L_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-7L1 (sprot)

description: A Ras-related protein Rab-7L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of receptor recycling

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.


Golgi organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.


synapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).


name: negative regulation of neuron projection development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


modulation by host of viral process

description: A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


name: positive regulation of intracellular protein transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


name: protein localization to ciliary membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


name: regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.


cellular detoxification

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


vacuole

description: A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


intracellular vesicle

description: Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.


CLGN_HUMAN Calmegin (sprot)

A calmegin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: VP26C_HUMAN Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26C (sprot)

description: A vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26C that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: MYPT1_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (sprot)

description: A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


14-3-3 protein binding

description: Binding to a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxy-terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins.


name: regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


name: positive regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity.


name: regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


A band

description: The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.


PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.


name: S27A2_HUMAN Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 2 (sprot)

description: A long-chain fatty acid transport protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


long-chain fatty acid import into cell

description: The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: long-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a very long-chain fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


arachidonate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H+.


cholate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA. This reaction is the first step in the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids, converting bile acids into their acyl-CoA thioesters. Chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, lithocholate and trihydroxycoprostanoate can also act as substrates.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


name: oleate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oleate from one side of a membrane to the other.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: very long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


name: GAK_HUMAN Cyclin-G-associated kinase (sprot)

description: A cyclin-G-associated kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

description: The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


protein localization to Golgi apparatus

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.


clathrin coat disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


regulation of clathrin coat assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly.


name: AZIN1_HUMAN Antizyme inhibitor 1 (sprot)

description: An antizyme inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.