name: CHK2_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (sprot)

description: A serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


regulation of autophagosome assembly

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


name: APBA3_HUMAN Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 3 (sprot)

description: An amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACL6A_HUMAN Actin-like protein 6A (sprot)

description: An actin-like protein 6A that is encoded in the genome of human.


neural retina development

description: The progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


regulation of chromosome organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.


regulation of DNA strand elongation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.


name: positive regulation of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage.


Ino80 complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity.


name: CCNE2_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 (sprot)

description: A G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cyclin E2-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


name: B3GT4_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

description: A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


name: NSD2_HUMAN Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2 (sprot)

description: A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


name: histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.


name: histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


name: histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


membranous septum morphogenesis

description: The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


name: regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


name: MOC2A_HUMAN Molybdopterin synthase sulfur carrier subunit (sprot)

description: A molybdopterin synthase sulfur carrier subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HMHB1_HUMAN Minor histocompatibility protein HB-1 (sprot)

description: A minor histocompatibility protein HB-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYB_HUMAN Cytochrome b (sprot)

A cytochrome b that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


name: electron transport coupled proton transport

description: The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from electron transport.


response to cobalamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


response to glucagon

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


response to copper ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


response to mercury ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


response to hyperoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


CYB5_HUMAN Cytochrome b5 (sprot)

A cytochrome b5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ADH1B_HUMAN All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B (sprot)

description: An all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity, zinc-dependent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD+ = an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+, requiring the presence of zinc.


name: ADH1G_HUMAN Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (sprot)

description: An alcohol dehydrogenase 1C that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: LDHA_HUMAN L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain (sprot)

description: An L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-lactate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + NAD+ = pyruvate + NADH + H+.


pyruvate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


oxidoreductase complex

description: Any protein complex that possesses oxidoreductase activity.


name: AL1A1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (sprot)

description: An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = a carboxylate + 2 H+ + NADH.


androgen binding

description: Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.


name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + NADH + H+.


3-deoxyglucosone dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyglucosone + H2O + NAD+ = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 2 H+ + NADH.


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


fructosamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


maintenance of lens transparency

description: A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


name: DHE3_HUMAN Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


name: glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+.


NAD+ binding

description: Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


L-leucine binding

description: Binding to L-leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


glutamate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: DYR_HUMAN Dihydrofolate reductase (sprot)

description: A dihydrofolate reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

description: Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


dihydrofolate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ = 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


sequence-specific mRNA binding

description: Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


response to methotrexate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


dihydrofolate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


tetrahydrofolate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


folic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


name: regulation of removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of superoxide radicals.


name: NB5R3_HUMAN NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (sprot)

description: An NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


AMP binding

description: Binding to AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


hemoglobin complex

description: An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.


name: GSHR_HUMAN Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A glutathione reductase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: COX1_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


respiratory chain complex IV

description: A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).


name: COX2_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: COX3_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


respiratory chain complex IV assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.


A phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.


amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


name: tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine

description: The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


catecholamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


name: SODC_HUMAN Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (sprot)

description: A superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human.


superoxide dismutase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.


protein phosphatase 2B binding

description: Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B.


response to superoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


transmission of nerve impulse

description: The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.


removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


name: peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance

description: The process in which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


superoxide anion generation

description: The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.


hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


name: negative regulation of developmental process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


neurofilament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.


name: relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle

description: A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.


name: negative regulation of reproductive process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


CERU_HUMAN Ceruloplasmin (sprot)

A ceruloplasmin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ferroxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, oxygen as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the oxidation state of metal ion is altered and oxygen acts as an electron acceptor.


name: phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O.


name: FA8_HUMAN Coagulation factor VIII (sprot)

description: A coagulation factor VIII that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: OTC_HUMAN Ornithine transcarbamylase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An ornithine transcarbamylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline.


amino acid binding

description: Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


urea cycle

description: The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


ornithine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


response to zinc ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


citrulline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


monoatomic anion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic anions within an organism or cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.


response to biotin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


ammonium homeostasis

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ammonium.


name: F13A_HUMAN Coagulation factor XIII A chain (sprot)

description: A coagulation factor XIII A chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptide cross-linking

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


name: blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation

description: A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.


name: PNPH_HUMAN Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (sprot)

description: A purine nucleoside phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


inosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


urate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.


name: positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


purine nucleobase binding

description: Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: purine nucleoside + phosphate = purine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


deoxyinosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


deoxyadenosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


purine ribonucleoside salvage

description: Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


IMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


nicotinamide riboside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


purine-containing compound salvage

description: Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


dAMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).


name: HPRT_HUMAN Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (sprot)

description: A hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


guanine salvage

description: Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


GMP salvage

description: Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


IMP salvage

description: Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


hypoxanthine salvage

description: Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


AMP salvage

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


GMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


IMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.


adenine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


hypoxanthine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


lymphocyte proliferation

description: The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.


name: AATM_HUMAN Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.


oxaloacetate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.


aspartate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


aspartate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


aspartate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


glutamate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: glutamate catabolic process to aspartate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate.


name: glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


name: ABL1_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 (sprot)

description: A tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+.


neuropilin binding

description: Binding to a member of the neuropilin family.


name: transitional one stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


regulation of axon extension

description: Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.


name: positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


myoblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


DNA conformation change

description: A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.


response to epinephrine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.


podocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


name: positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


DN4 thymocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN4 thymocyte. A DN4 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44-,CD25-.


name: protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.


name: positive regulation of microtubule binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


name: positive regulation of actin filament binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.


name: regulation of modification of synaptic structure

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of modification of synaptic structure.


name: positive regulation of blood vessel branching

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


activation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C.


name: EGFR_HUMAN Epidermal growth factor receptor (sprot)

description: An epidermal growth factor receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with an epidermal growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


name: protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.


salivary gland morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.


diterpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


cerebral cortex cell migration

description: The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


name: negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


name: regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


morphogenesis of an epithelial fold

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.


eyelid development in camera-type eye

description: The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.


response to UV-A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


name: positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


name: positive regulation of prolactin secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.


name: negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


name: multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the multivesicular body internal vesicle.


Shc-EGFR complex

description: A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


name: MOS_HUMAN Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase mos (sprot)

description: A proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase mos that is encoded in the genome of human.


meiotic spindle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of meiotic nuclear division

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.


name: establishment of meiotic spindle orientation

description: Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.


name: negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle.


name: PGK1_HUMAN Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (sprot)

description: A phosphoglycerate kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphoglycerate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


name: protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+.


plasminogen activation

description: The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


canonical glycolysis

description: The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


name: KAD1_HUMAN Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (sprot)

description: An adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


name: nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which a nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule is synthesized from another nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide small molecule.


LALBA_HUMAN Alpha-lactalbumin (sprot)

An alpha-lactalbumin that is encoded in the genome of human.


lactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


THRB_HUMAN Prothrombin (sprot)

A prothrombin that is encoded in the genome of human.


thrombospondin receptor activity

description: Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of platelet activation

description: Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


name: positive regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


fibrinolysis

description: A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


negative regulation of proteolysis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


negative regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


name: positive regulation of lipid kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


name: positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


name: C1R_HUMAN Complement C1r subcomponent (sprot)

description: A complement C1r subcomponent that is encoded in the genome of human.


molecular sequestering activity

description: Binding to a specific molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


zymogen activation

description: The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.


HPT_HUMAN Haptoglobin (sprot)

A haptoglobin that is encoded in the genome of human.


hemoglobin binding

description: Binding to hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


name: negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


name: negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process.


endocytic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endocytic vesicle.


haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex

description: A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.


name: HPTR_HUMAN Haptoglobin-related protein (sprot)

description: A haptoglobin-related protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA9_HUMAN Coagulation factor IX (sprot)

A coagulation factor IX that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA10_HUMAN Coagulation factor X (sprot)

A coagulation factor X that is encoded in the genome of human.


CFAD_HUMAN Complement factor D (sprot)

A complement factor D that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: complement activation, alternative pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


PLMN_HUMAN Plasminogen (sprot)

A plasminogen that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein antigen binding

description: Binding to a protein antigen.


tissue remodeling

description: The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.


positive regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


mononuclear cell migration

description: The movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


name: negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


name: FA12_HUMAN Coagulation factor XII (sprot)

description: A coagulation factor XII that is encoded in the genome of human.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


Factor XII activation

description: Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

description: A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


name: positive regulation of plasminogen activation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


response to misfolded protein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


name: UROK_HUMAN Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (sprot)

description: A urokinase-type plasminogen activator that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of signaling receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of plasminogen activation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


name: negative regulation of plasminogen activation

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.


smooth muscle cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


name: urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by urokinase plasminogen activator binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


regulation of wound healing

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


name: protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


name: TPA_HUMAN Tissue-type plasminogen activator (sprot)

description: A tissue-type plasminogen activator that is encoded in the genome of human.


prevention of polyspermy

description: The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.


CFAB_HUMAN Complement factor B (sprot)

A complement factor B that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement binding

description: Binding to a component or product of the complement cascade.


RENI_HUMAN Renin (sprot)

A renin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production

description: The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.


drinking behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.


amyloid-beta metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).


response to cGMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


juxtaglomerular apparatus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.


ADA_HUMAN Adenosine deaminase (sprot)

An adenosine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


inosine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


adenosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3.


deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of an amino group from a substrate, producing a substituted or nonsubstituted ammonia (NH3/NH2R).


2'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + H2O = deoxyinosine + NH3.


name: positive regulation of germinal center formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


mature B cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


AMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


positive regulation of heart rate

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


purine nucleotide salvage

description: Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


name: regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


penile erection

description: The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


amide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


dATP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


adenosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


xanthine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


leukocyte migration

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


name: negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


negative regulation of penile erection

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


name: negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


negative regulation of mucus secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


cytoplasmic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.


name: ATP6_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit a (sprot)

description: An ATP synthase subunit a that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)

description: All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.


CAH1_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 1 (sprot)

A vertebrate-type carbonic anhydrase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


arylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate.


hydro-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.


cyanamide hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H2O.


CAH2_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 2 (sprot)

A vertebrate-type carbonic anhydrase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


name: positive regulation of cellular pH reduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


secretion

description: The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.


regulation of intracellular pH

description: Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


name: positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


name: ASSY_HUMAN Argininosuccinate synthase (sprot)

description: An argininosuccinate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


argininosuccinate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.


toxic substance binding

description: Binding to a toxic substance, a poisonous substance that causes damage to biological systems.


argininosuccinate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.


arginine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


response to mycotoxin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin is a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.


cellular response to ammonium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


cellular response to oleic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


cellular response to amine stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


cell body fiber

description: A neuron projection that is found in unipolar neurons and corresponds to the region between the cell body and the point at which the single projection branches.


name: OAS1_HUMAN 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 (sprot)

description: A 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.


regulation of ribonuclease activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of IP-10 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of IP-10.


name: ISK1_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (sprot)

description: A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


name: negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


regulation of acrosome reaction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


name: cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


name: positive regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


name: positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


ANT3_HUMAN Antithrombin-III (sprot)

An antithrombin-III that is encoded in the genome of human.


A1AT_HUMAN Alpha-1-antitrypsin (sprot)

An alpha-1-antitrypsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


An alpha-1-antichymotrypsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium

description: Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.


ANGT_HUMAN Angiotensinogen (sprot)

An angiotensinogen that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


type 2 angiotensin receptor binding

description: Binding to a type 2 angiotensin receptor.


name: regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin

description: The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.


name: regulation of renal output by angiotensin

description: The process in which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.


name: maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

description: The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


renal system process

description: A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


name: G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).


name: positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


name: response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


name: regulation of extracellular matrix assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.


name: positive regulation of gap junction assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gap junction assembly.


name: positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


An alpha-2-macroglobulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-8 binding

description: Binding to interleukin-8.


tumor necrosis factor binding

description: Binding to tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.


name: brain-derived neurotrophic factor binding

description: Binding to brain-derived neurotrophic factor.


nerve growth factor binding

description: Binding to nerve growth factor (NGF).


name: negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


name: acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


response to carbon dioxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


response to glucocorticoid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


embryonic liver development

description: The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


CO3_HUMAN Complement C3 (sprot)

A complement C3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor binding

description: Binding to a C5L2 anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor.


name: positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


name: complement receptor mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.


name: positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

description: Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


name: positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


oviduct epithelium development

description: The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


name: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


amyloid-beta clearance

description: The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

description: Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


complement-mediated synapse pruning

description: Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signaling.


vertebrate eye-specific patterning

description: Early postnatal vertebrate developmental process, during which axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), transmitting overlapping inputs from both eyes, segregate into distinct eye-specific non-overlapping regions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.


CO5_HUMAN Complement C5 (sprot)

A complement C5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


membrane attack complex

description: A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


name: TIMP1_HUMAN Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (sprot)

description: A metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

description: The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.


name: negative regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


cellular response to UV-A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


name: negative regulation of trophoblast cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


name: negative regulation of metallopeptidase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metallopeptidase activity.


CYTC_HUMAN Cystatin-C (sprot)

A cystatin-C that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of collagen catabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


name: negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


regulation of tissue remodeling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


name: negative regulation of elastin catabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.


name: negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


CYTS_HUMAN Cystatin-S (sprot)

A cystatin-S that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste

description: The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


CYTN_HUMAN Cystatin-SN (sprot)

A cystatin-SN that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYTA_HUMAN Cystatin-A (sprot)

A cystatin-A that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidase inhibitor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of peptidase inhibitor activity.


KNG1_HUMAN Kininogen-1 (sprot)

A kininogen-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


FOS_HUMAN Protein c-Fos (sprot)

A protein c-Fos that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA sequence that is part of the core promoter of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene.


conditioned taste aversion

description: A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


skeletal muscle cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: cellular response to zinc ion starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.


response to corticosterone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


name: cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


cellular response to prolactin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus.


transcription factor AP-1 complex

description: A heterodimeric transcription factor complex composed of proteins from the c-Fos, c-Jun, activating transcription factor (ATF) or JDP families. The subunits contain a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that is essential for dimerization and DNA binding. Jun-Fos heterodimers bind preferentially to a heptamer consensus sequence (TPA responsive element (TRE)), whereas Jun-ATF dimers bind the cyclic AMP responsive element (CRE) to regulate transcription of target genes.


name: MYC_HUMAN Myc proto-oncogene protein (sprot)

description: A c-myc protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex binding

description: Binding to a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.


regulation of telomere maintenance

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


name: negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


protein-DNA complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components.


name: negative regulation of monocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


name: positive regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


Myc-Max complex

description: A transcription factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Myc and Max.


RASN_HUMAN GTPase NRas (sprot)

A GTPase NRas that is encoded in the genome of human.


RASH_HUMAN GTPase HRas (sprot)

A GTPase HRas that is encoded in the genome of human.


Schwann cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


oncogene-induced cell senescence

description: A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family.


name: positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.


GTPase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.


RASK_HUMAN GTPase KRas (sprot)

A GTPase KRas that is encoded in the genome of human.


forebrain astrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


name: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis

description: The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


name: PDGFB_HUMAN Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (sprot)

description: A platelet-derived growth factor subunit B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of the enzyme superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase.


platelet-derived growth factor binding

description: Binding to platelet-derived growth factor.


name: positive regulation of glomerular filtration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.


name: positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration resulting from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


cellular response to mycophenolic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


name: metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


name: positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


platelet-derived growth factor complex

description: A protein complex consisting of two chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) subunits. PDGF dimers bind to PDGF receptors in the plasma membrane and induce receptor dimerization and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signaling processes. PDGFs are found in all vertebrates where at least 2 different chains (A and B) exist. In human (and other mammals), four types of PDGF chains (A, B, C, and D) are known which form five different dimers (AA, AB, BB, CC and DD).


name: LDLR_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor (sprot)

description: A low-density lipoprotein receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle binding

description: Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.


name: very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


name: negative regulation of receptor recycling

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recycling.


name: regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


name: negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


plasma lipoprotein particle clearance

description: The process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


lipoprotein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


regulation of protein metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.


response to caloric restriction

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


name: negative regulation of astrocyte activation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


cholesterol import

description: The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


name: receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

description: A receptor-mediated endocytosis process involved in intracellular cholesterol transport.


name: regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


name: negative regulation of microglial cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


name: positive regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosomal protein catabolic process.


PCSK9-LDLR complex

description: A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway.


name: EGF_HUMAN Pro-epidermal growth factor (sprot)

description: A pre-pro-epidermal growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


regulation of calcium ion import

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


name: TGFA_HUMAN Protransforming growth factor alpha (sprot)

description: A protransforming growth factor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


hepatocyte proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


name: TGFB1_HUMAN Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (sprot)

description: A TGF-beta 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of miRNA transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA (miRNA) gene transcription.


name: type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

description: Binding to a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor.


deubiquitinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a deubiquitinase.


name: columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

description: The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


name: adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

description: An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


tolerance induction to self antigen

description: Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


name: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


heart valve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.


ATP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


name: negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.


name: negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: positive regulation of microglia differentiation

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


name: regulation of striated muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


regulation of interleukin-23 production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.


receptor catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


name: positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


regulatory T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.


name: negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


regulation of blood vessel remodeling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


frontal suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.


name: mammary gland branching involved in thelarche

description: The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


name: branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching

description: The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.


name: regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.


regulation of cartilage development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


Langerhans cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


response to cholesterol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


name: positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


response to salt

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


name: positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of vasculature development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.