ficolin-1-rich granule

description: Highly exocytosable gelatinase-poor granules found in neutrophils and rich in ficolin-1. Ficolin-1 is released from neutrophil granules by stimulation with fMLP or PMA, and the majority becomes associated with the surface membrane of the cells and can be detected by flow cytometry.


esterosome

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A vesicle filled with crystalline protein that shows sequence similarities with various esterases.


basolateral recycling endosome

description: Tubulo-vesicular structure located in the basolateral cytoplasm that participates in basolateral cargo recycling in polarized epithelial cells.


pericanalicular vesicle

description: A membrane-bounded vesicle found near the apical, or pericanalicular, membrane of a hepatocyte; contains proteins involved in bile salt transport and other fluid and solute transport processes.


calcitonin family receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of calcitonin family receptor activity. Calcitonin family receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers; adrenomedullin and amylin receptors have only been observed as dimers so far.


amylin receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of amylin receptor activity.


MutS complex

description: A homodimeric mismatch repair complex involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations.


MutSgamma complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the stabilization of DNA recombination intermediates, the promotion of crossover recombination, and the proper assembly of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic prophase nuclei. In yeast the complex consists of two subunits, Msh4 and Msh5.


MutLbeta complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.


MutLgamma complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In S. cerevisiae the complex consists of two subunits, Mlh1 and Mlh3.


MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN4 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


description: A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


T=9 icosahedral viral capsid

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=9 symmetry. The T=9 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 80 hexameric capsomeres.


tubovesicular membrane network

description: A complex, symbiont-induced host-derived organelle that is comprised of multiple protein and lipid domains.


name: signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting

description: A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.


name: transcription factor TFIIIB-alpha complex

description: A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and a specialized homolog of the conserved subunit BRF referred to as BRFU or TFIIIB50, which found in human but not conserved in yeast; the complex is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 3 (upstream) RNA polymerase III promoters.


intestinal brush border layer

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A brush border layer that is part of a intestine.


excinuclease repair complex

description: Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and two B subunits bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between B subunits and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.


minus-end kinesin complex

description: Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.


axonemal central bridge

description: Part of the 9+2 axoneme, that occurs in most motile cilia, consisting of the two bridges which connect the central pair of single microtubules.


name: triglyceride-rich plasma lipoprotein particle

description: A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.


LinE complex

description: A protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.


macropinocytic cup membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a macropinocytic cup.


sensory dendrite

description: A dendrite that is found on a sensory neuron, and directly transduces a sensory signal from the sensory neuron to another neuron.


name: ER-to-endosome phospholipid transfer complex

description: Lipid transfer complex that is responsible for the non-vesicular transport of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylserine, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosome. It resides in the endosomal (acceptor) membrane and binds to specific lipids on the donor membrane at the ER-endosome contact site.


name: external side of mycolate outer membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the environment and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


lumenal side of early endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


name: lumenal side of transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


periplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of a plasma membrane that faces the periplasm, and all proteins embedded in it or attached to its surface.


lumenal side of endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


lumenal side of late endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


stromal side of plastid inner membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid inner membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


periplasmic side of cell outer membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.


name: internal side of mycolate outer membrane

description: The side of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the cell wall peptidoglycan. It is rich in long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network.


name: cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane, cell tip

description: The leaflet the plasma membrane at the cell tip that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


name: lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the lumen, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


name: lumenal side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


name: stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


lumenal side of Golgi membrane

description: The side of the Golgi membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


external side of cell outer membrane

description: The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.


cochlear basement membrane

description: The the continuous basement membrane found within the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea, known to extend from the limbus, down to the inner sulcus, across the basilar membrane, up to the external sulcus to the spiral prominence and radiating into the spiral ligament ensheathing the root cell processes.


mitotic spindle pole body

description: The microtubule organizing center that forms as part of the mitotic cell cycle; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.


old mitotic spindle pole body

description: The spindle pole body that exists in a cell prior to spindle pole body duplication. An old spindle pole body segregates to the daughter cell upon mitosis, and lacks active proteins involved in signaling exit from mitosis.


new mitotic spindle pole body

description: The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.


G-protein alpha(q)-synembrin complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(q) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex

description: An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.


acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.


IgG B cell receptor complex

description: An IgG immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


name: mitochondrial inner membrane assembly complex

description: A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall

description: The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain.


description: A homohexameric complex that recognizes and unfolds core proteasome substrate proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner.


photoreceptor cell terminal bouton

description: A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.


Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion

description: Cytoplasmic inclusion found in neurons. It consists of filaments and granular materials, exhibits a dense core with a rough peripheral halo and lacks a limiting membrane. The filaments of these inclusions are composed of approximately 15-25 nm granule-coated fibrils in association with normal 10-nm neurofilaments.


P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of positive transcription elongation factor complex b (P-TEFb) with the mRNA capping methyltransferase.


lysosomal multienzyme complex

description: A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism.


caveola bulb

description: The region of a caveola that extends into the cytoplasm, excluding the neck (rim). This region is associated with intracellular caveola proteins.


NAE1-UBA3 complex

description: A heterodimeric E1 complex that activates the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8. In humans the subunits are NAE1 (also known as APPBP1) and UBA3.


collagen anchoring fibril

description: A specialised collagen fibril that functions as an anchor, binding to other collagen structures.


collagen type VII anchoring fibril

description: An antiparallel dimer of two collagen VII trimers, one end of which is embedded in the lamina densa while the other end attaches to banded collagen fibrils in the dermis.


name: cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.


pollen aperture

description: An area where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen wall.


viral terminase, large subunit

description: The part of the viral terminase complex that contains the translocase and endonuclease activities and allows the translocation of the phage DNA into the procapsid. The large subunit usually assembles as a heterooligomer with the small subunit.


P5 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.


icosahedral viral capsid, neck fiber

description: A fiber attached to the neck at the base of some icosahedral viral capsids.


viral capsid, decoration

description: Component of the virus capsid (head), located on the outer head surface. Involved in the stabilization of the head structure and usually non-essential.


viral capsid, turret

description: A turret-like appendage formed at the vertices of an icosahedral capsid.


viral capsid, fiber

description: A type of capsid decoration composed of fiber structures.


meisosome

description: A cell part that is composed of multifold plasma membrane of the epidermis where it is in direct contact with apical extracellular matrix. Meisosome, or multiple eisome is named because of its superficial similarity to yeast eisosome.


interleukin-3 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.


dystrobrevin complex

description: A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.


root hair

description: A long, thin projection from a root epidermal cell that contains F-actin and tubulin, and a cell wall.


Descemet's membrane

description: A transparent homogeneous acellular layer found between the substantia propria and the endothelial layer of the cornea[MP].


anterior limiting lamina of cornea

description: A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane.


RNA polymerase complex

description: Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.


name: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B

description: A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.


name: viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.


RNA polymerase IV complex

description: RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.


name: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex

description: An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.


name: nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


name: plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A

description: A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.


Tic complex

description: The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.


left nucleus

description: One of the two nuclei found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located on the left side of the cell when viewed from the dorsal side.


telopode

description: A telopode is a plasma membrane bounded cell projection that is present on a telocyte and is tens to hundreds of microns long. Telopodes form a labyrinthine system communicating through gap junctions.


Bfa1-Bub2 complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a two-component GTPase-activating protein for Tem1 GTPase, thus regulating a signal transduction cascade, called the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Bub2/Bfa1 keeps Tem1 inactive until the spindle is properly oriented, thus inhibiting MEN activation.


supramolecular complex

description: A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


fibronectin fibril

description: A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.


intraconoid microtubule

description: A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.


supramolecular polymer

description: A polymeric supramolecular structure.


collagen network

description: A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.


post-anaphase array microtubule

description: Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.


mitotic spindle polar microtubule

description: Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.


meiotic spindle astral microtubule

description: Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


polymeric cytoskeletal fiber

description: A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.


name: actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

description: Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.


collagen sheet

description: A protein complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a sheet-like network.


subpellicular microtubule

description: Singlet microtubule that lie underneath the inner membrane pellicle complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.


name: actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip

description: Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.


complex of collagen trimers

description: A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network.


paraflagellar rod

description: A large lattice-like axial structure found in some flagellated protists which extends alongside the axoneme. Protein components of the paraflagellar rod are likely implicated, among other, in adenine nucleotide signaling and metabolism, and in calcium signaling.


mastigoneme

description: A hair-like structure covering the flagella found in some algae (heterokonts and cryptophytes). It is approximately 15 nm in diameter, and usually consist of a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller hairs. It is composed of glycoproteins and, likely, carbohydrates. Mastigonemes may assist in locomotion by increasing the surface area of a flagellum.


C2 axonemal microtubule

description: One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


collagen beaded filament

description: A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.


horsetail-astral microtubule array

description: An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.


intranuclear rod

description: A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.


banded collagen fibril

description: A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).


aster

description: An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


glial filament

description: An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes.


mitotic spindle kinetochore microtubule

description: Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.


B axonemal microtubule

description: An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet.


name: cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis

description: Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


C1 axonemal microtubule

description: One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


trichome papilla

description: A plant cell papilla that is part of a trichome cell.


investment cone

description: A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization.


name: neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.


SCF-Hrt3/Pof7 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Hrt3 in S. cerevisiae (Pof7 in S. pombe).


yolk plasma

description: Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.


germ tube septin cap

description: A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

description: The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.


hyphae septin collar

description: A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell.


prospore septin filament array

description: Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.


septin filament array

description: Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.


postsynaptic cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


postsynaptic septin cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


mating projection septin ring

description: A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.


germ tube septin ring

description: A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


split septin rings

description: A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.


presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


prospore septin ring

description: A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


chlamydospore septin filament array

description: Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.


hyphal septin cap

description: A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


septin cap

description: A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


pseudohyphal septin ring

description: A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck septin ring

description: A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis in the bud neck of a budding cell; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.


cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies within a dendritic spine. The actin component of this cytoskeleton is involved in spine head remodeling in response to postsynaptic signaling.


hyphal septin ring

description: A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck split septin rings

description: Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.


medial cortex septin ring

description: A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


MsbA transporter complex

description: An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex made up of a dimer of MsbA. Facilitates the export across the plasma membrane of, amongst others, lipid A and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to most ABC transporter complexes, each chain of the homodimer contains both the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the cytoplasmic ATP-binding domain (NBD).


dinoflagellate apical horn

description: A horn-shaped dinoflagellate apex found in thecate species.


host cell endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endocytic vesicle.


esterosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.


axonemal microtubule doublet ribbon

description: The 3 protofilaments A11, A12, and A13 of the A tubule along with associated inner sheath microtuble inner proteins (MIPs), either in the lumen of the A tubule or of the B tubule, which stabilize these three filiments within the axonemal doublet microtubule. The ribbon protofilaments separate the lumens of the A and B tubules.


BID-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


glycolate oxidase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).


thioredoxin-disulfide reductase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity.


host cell Golgi apparatus

description: A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


chromoplast inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.


chromoplast membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chromoplast and form the chromoplast envelope.


nephron tubule basement membrane

description: A basement membrane that is part of a nephron tubule.


amyloplast

description: A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


secondary cell wall

description: A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.


name: extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


left caudal basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


viral capsid, minor subunit

description: The part of the viral capsid that comprises the less common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the pentameric capsomeres are minor subunits.


capsomere

description: Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.


viral capsid, major subunit

description: The part of the viral capsid that comprises the most common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the hexameric capsomeres are major subunits.


tissue

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.


organism subdivision

description: Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.


Digestive System Part

description: A term that refers to any anatomic structure that is part of the digestive system.


Epithelium Part

description: Any component of the avascular cellular layers that cover body surfaces and cavities and may form glands.


Tissue Part

description: Any component of the anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function.


striated border microvillus layer

description: A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine.


trachea basement membrane

description: A basement membrane that is part of a trachea.


bronchus basement membrane

description: A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus.


sexual spore wall

description: A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.


spore wall

description: The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


asexual spore wall

description: A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in bacterial and fungal species.


ascospore wall

description: The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


name: endospore external encapsulating structure

description: The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.


MBF transcription complex

description: A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.


cellular bud

description: A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.


NarGHI complex

description: A heterotrimeric protein complex with iron-sulfur and molybdenum cofactors that functions as a terminal reductase in electron transport pathways that operate during anaerobic nitrate respiration. In E. coli electrons are passed from the FdnGHI complex to the NarGHI complex via menoquinone and menaquinol. Within NarGHI, electrons are passed from the two heme molecules in the NarI subunit down a Fe-S cluster chain in the NarH and NarG subunits to the Molybdenum cofactor, Mo-bisMGD, in the NarG subunit.


description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.


thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.


photosynthetic membrane

description: A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.


cyanelle thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle.


prothylakoid membrane

description: The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.


chloroplast thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane

description: The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.


name: plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane

description: The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.


name: organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.


plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.


infected host cell surface knob

description: Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.


microvillar actin bundle

description: A parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


parallel actin filament bundle

description: An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.


formin-nucleated actin cable

description: An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.


actin filament bundle of filopodium

description: A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.


actin filament bundle of stereocilium

description: A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.


name: actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection

description: A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.


name: clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.


inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.


postsynaptic early endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.


organellar chromatophore inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


postsynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.


phagolysosome vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bylayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


organellar chromatophore membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


peribacteroid membrane

description: A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


aleurone grain membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.


gut granule membrane

description: The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.


merozoite dense granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.


name: multivesicular body, internal vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body internal vesicle.


organellar chromatophore outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.


exocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle.


contractile vacuolar membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.


Cvt vesicle membrane

description: Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


chitosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.


foot layer

description: The inner layer of the ectexine.


protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.


germ plasm

description: Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-NOV complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex

description: A protein complex that cleaves ubiquitin from specific substrates. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Ubp3p and Bre5p.


HslUV protease complex

description: A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.


PNGase complex

description: A protein complex responsible for the catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue.


separase-securin complex

description: A protein complex that includes separase (a protease which cleaves cohesin as part of chromosome separation) and securin, a protease inhibitor. Chromosome separation is inhibited until securin is degraded by the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC).


H-gal-GP complex

description: A membrane glycoprotein complex with aspartyl proteinase and metalloproteinase activity which is expressed in the gut. An example of this is found in the nematode Haemonchus contortus.


presynaptic periactive zone

description: A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.


name: multiple synapse bouton, contacting single dendrite

description: A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from the same dendrite.


tripartite attachment complex

description: A three-part cytoskeletal structure in kinetoplastid species linking mitochondrial DNA organised in a kinetoplast through the mitochondrial membranes to the basal body.


viral capsid, internal space

description: The region of a virus contained within the capsid shell, and usually containing the viral genome and accessory proteins.


nitrite reductase complex [NAD(P)H]

description: Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.


primary endosperm nucleus

description: Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-LPP3 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.


actin cortical patch

description: An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


endocytic patch

description: The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.


Kv4.2-KChIP1 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: Kir2 inward rectifier potassium channel complex

description: A inward rectifier potassium channel complex. Homo- or heterotetramer composed of subunits of the eukaryotic Kir2 protein family. Plays a key role in maintaining the correct resting potential in eukaryotic cells.


Kv4.2-KChIP3 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

description: A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


Kv4.3-DPP10 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


Kv4.1-DPP10 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


Kv4.3-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


Kv4.2-Kv4.3 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.


Kv4.2-KChIP4 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


name: light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.


Kv4.2-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


Kv4.1-DPP6 channel complex

description: A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


description: A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).


flagella connector

description: A mobile transmembrane junction at the tip of the flagellum of some kinetoplastid species linking the tip of a new growing flagellum to an older flagellum.


BIM-BCL-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


host cell nuclear envelope

description: The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


cytosolic creatine kinase complex

description: A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


cellulose microfibril

description: A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.


neck portion of tanycyte

description: Elongated portion of a tanycyte that sticks into the periventricular layer of neuropil where it appears to contact a blood vessel; characterized by numerous cytoplasmic extensions. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.


chloroplast chromosome

description: A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.


plastid chromosome

description: A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.


IgX immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgX isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgX immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


somatic spine

description: Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.


name: nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

description: A nuclear membrane protein complex which connects the nuclear outer and inner membranes together, and links thereby links the nuclear lumen to cytoplasmic microtubules.


name: mitotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

description: A protein complex capable of interacting with the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope, in order to embed the spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope at fusion sites of the inner and outer nuclear membrane.


cytoplasmic replication fork

description: The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


host cell lysosomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


cytochrome b6f complex

description: Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


cellular birth scar

description: Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.


cell cortex of growing cell tip

description: Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.


posterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


pole plasm

description: Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


name: presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

description: The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


equatorial cell cortex

description: The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.


cell cortex of cell tip

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


medial cortex

description: A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


cytoplasmic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


cell leading edge cell cortex

description: The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.


apicomedial cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the middle of the apical edge of a cell.


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm

description: All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


anterior cell cortex

description: The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


cell cortex of non-growing cell tip

description: The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.


organellar small ribosomal subunit

description: The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.


chloroplast small ribosomal subunit

description: The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


plastid small ribosomal subunit

description: The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.


dinoflagellate hypocone

description: The part of a dinoflagellate cell below the cingulum; also referred to as the posterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the epicone by the cingulum.


CLRC complex

description: An cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase/histone H3-K9 methyltransferase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi.


Par3-APC-KIF3A complex

description: A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.


name: plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III

description: A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


radial spoke base 2

description: The short portion of the radial spoke 2 (RS2) that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


description: Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


germ tube

description: The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.


SWI/SNF superfamily-type complex

description: A protein complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the catalytic subunit components (ATPase) and mediates assembly of nucleosomes, changes to the spacing or structure of nucleosomes, or some combination of those activities in a manner that requires ATP.


Isw1b complex

description: An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p.


Isw1a complex

description: An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


mBAF complex

description: A muscle cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight to fourteen proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes, and the muscle-specific product of the DPF3/BAF45C gene or an ortholog thereof.


Isw1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.


SHREC complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.


name: archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex

description: A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.


esBAF complex

description: An embryonic stem cell-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or an ortholog thereof. Compared to many other BAF complexes never contains ACTL6B/BAF53B, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCC2/BAF170 or SMARCD3/BAF60C but contains PHF10/BAF45A, DPF2/BAF45D and possibly one of BCL7A/B/C.


ESCRT IV complex

description: An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.


ISWI-type complex

description: Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


CHD-type complex

description: A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains a subunit from the CHD(Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding) family. The CHD family is characterized by two signature sequence motifs: tandem chromodomains located in the N-terminal region, and the SNF2-like ATPase domain located in the central region of the protein structure.


INO80-type complex

description: A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.


enhanceosome

description: A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.


Cdc42 GTPase complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signaling pathway.


virus tail, sheath

description: The external contractile envelope of the tail of some viruses. Its contraction ensures ejection of the virus DNA into the host cytoplasm.


pathogen-containing vacuole

description: A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.


name: type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

description: A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


name: EGFR:ERBB2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1). ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as EGFR.


spiny bracelet of Nageotte

description: Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.


terminal loop

description: Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.


capitate projection

description: Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).


pre-T cell receptor complex

description: A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


dense nuclear body

description: A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.


NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.


Mst2 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that can catalyze the acetylation of lysine at position 14 in histone H3, and contains Mst2 as the catalytic subunit. In fission yeast, contains at least Mst2, Nto1, Ptf2, Ptf1 and Eaf6.


Hpa2 acetyltransferase complex

description: A tetrameric protein complex capable of acetyltransferase activity. It can catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to an acceptor residue on histone H-3, histone H-4, or on polyamines. The complex is also capable of acetylating certain small basic proteins. The two Hpa2 dimers that make up the tetramer are held together by interactions between the bound acetyl-CoA molecules.


NuA3a histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Yng1p and associates with H3K4me3 using Yng1p.


H3 histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3.


diamine N-acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of diamine N-acetyltransferase activity.


name: N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.


ADA complex

description: A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.


NAGS/NAGK complex

description: A protein complex that acts both as N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) catalysing the production of N-Acetylglutamate from glutamate and acetyl-CoA, and as N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK) catalysing the reaction ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate.


name: H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.


protein acetyltransferase complex

description: A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.


EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex

description: A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


ventral disc microtubule array

description: A part of the ventral disc of Giardia species (trophozoite stage) consisting of a spiral array of microtubules linked to the ventral membrane. These microtubules form the base of the ventral disc dorsal microribbons that extend nearly perpendicular from the membrane.


chloroplast intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.


GATA2-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.


viral scaffold

description: A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


unencapsulated part of cell

description: The part of a cell encompassing the intracellular environment and the plasma membrane; it excludes any external encapsulating structures.


glyoxysomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.


glycosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.


name: cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.


lateral part of cell

description: The region of a polarized cell other than its tips or ends (in some cell types, one end may be called the apex and the other the base). For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the lateral part includes the cell sides which interface adjacent cells.


lateral part of motile cell

description: The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.


incipient cellular bud site

description: The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.


name: ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle

description: An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.


Ubisch body

description: A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.


SCF-Saf1/Pof9 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Saf1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof9 in S. pombe).


cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

description: Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


cortical microtubule plus-end

description: The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.


neutrophil extracellular trap

description: Extracellular microbicidal structure composed of nuclear chromatin, histones and granular antimicrobial proteins. Histones and several neutrophil granule proteins associated with the DNA framework damage entrapped microorganisms.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.


EXT1-EXT2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex capable of glycosyltransferase activity required for the elongation of heparan sulfate chains. In humans, the complex consists of EXT1 and EXT2. In Drosophila, the complex consists of ttv and sotv.


host cell chloroplast

description: A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane

description: Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast part

description: Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.


name: inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.


excitatory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.


P1 peroxisome

description: A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.


bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex

description: A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.


extracellular isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


chloroplast isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.


host cell periphery

description: The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.


rhoptry membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.


lytic vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


fungal-type vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


laminin-12 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


name: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod

description: The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.


outer endospore membrane

description: The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


chloroplast outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.


cell outer membrane

description: A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


mycolate outer membrane

description: A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).


organelle outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.


plastid outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.


interleukin-7 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


Cdr2 medial cortical node complex

description: A megadalton-sized complex at the medial cortex organized as an oligomeric core of SAD family protein kinases involved in cell size-dependent localization and phosphorylation of Wee1 during interphase.


nuclear exosome targeting complex

description: A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts.


exodeoxyribonuclease V complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.


name: methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex

description: A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides.


MTREC complex

description: Protein complex formed by an RNA binding protein Red1, an RNA helicase Mtl1, Red5, Rmn1, Iss10/Pir1, and Ars2/Pir2. This complex is required for the recruitment of the nuclear exosome to Mmi1 nuclear focus. It is likely related to the human CBCN complex. This complex is also known as RNA silencing (NURS) complex.


raps-insc complex

description: Protein complex required for the asymmetric division of neuroblasts in Drosophila. Coordinates asymmetric localization of cell fate determinants with orientation of the mitotic spindle resulting in different daughter cells upon division. Localizes at the apical cortex of the neuroblast: Raps maintains, but does not initiate, Insc apically, while Insc segregates Raps asymmetrically. Complex appears to be conserved in mammals (composed of INSC and GPSM1 or GPSM2).


name: type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

description: A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


name: intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body

description: Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.


description: A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex

description: A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


mitochondrial cloud

description: A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.


Bunina body

description: Small granular inclusions (about 1-3 microns in diameter) found in the anterior horn cells, and appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranged in small beaded chains. Bunina bodies express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmic island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.


MHC protein complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


Syp1 complex

description: A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.


viral intermediate capsid

description: The intermediate layer of a triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Intermediate capsids are part of reoviridae virions.


other organism part

description: Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


trichocyst

description: A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM15 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


syndecan-syntenin-ALIX complex

description: An exosome complex that is assembled in the multivesicular body (MVB) membrane and chaperoned to the exosome by the ESCRT-III machinery.


cytosolic region

description: Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.


meiotic septin complex

description: A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.


host cell Golgi membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.


collagen type XXVIII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.


unicellular trichome tip

description: A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome apex.


name: secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant secondary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA8, CESA7, and CESA4.


cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.


name: primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

description: A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.


description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.


2-micrometer circle DNA

description: A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.


transcription ternary complex

description: A protein-DNA-RNA complex composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript.


viral tegument

description: A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.


Cvt complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the Cvt pathway. In budding yeast, the Cvt complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.


name: host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


host cell nuclear membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


host cell nuclear inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.


G-protein alpha(o)-synembrin complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


phospholamban complex

description: A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.


cleavage furrow rim

description: The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.


right caudal basal body

description: Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


anthranilate synthase complex

description: A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.


molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex

description: An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.


name: transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line

description: A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).


leading edge of axonal growth cone

description: That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


gerontoplast

description: A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.


chloroplast ribosome

description: A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


protein storage vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.


enterobactin synthetase complex

description: A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


polyhydroxyalkanoate granule

description: An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.


megasome

description: Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


cyanelle inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.


SsuD-SsuE complex

description: A protein complex containing an alkanesulfonate monooxygenase subunit (SsuD tetramer in E.coli) and a flavin oxidoreductase subunit (SsuE dimer in E.coli). Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation.


name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt5p-Pmt3p dimer complex

description: A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt5p-Pmt3p.


name: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod

description: The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.


enzyme activator complex

description: A protein complex capable of activating an enzyme. Activating subunits may dissociate from the catalytic unit before the enzyme is active.


name: DNA polymerase processivity factor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.


urease activator complex

description: A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.


contractile vacuole complex

description: A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


kinetoplast

description: A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.


antipodal site

description: The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication.


RCAF complex

description: A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.


name: actin capping protein of dynactin complex

description: A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.


SCF-YLR352W ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR352W in S. cerevisiae.


NOXA-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


ER membrane insertion complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. TA membrane proteins, also called type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C-terminal transmembrane region. Some ER membrane insertion complex subunits are conserved between different species such as mammals and budding yeast.


Cus cation efflux complex

description: Transmembrane complex that mediates resistance to copper and silver by cation efflux directly from the cell using the proton-motive force. Spans the inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane. Primarily activated under anaerobic conditions by CusR and CusS but also expressed under extreme copper stress, in aerobic growth.


eif4e-cup complex

description: A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.


name: plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV

description: A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


name: cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


inaD signaling complex

description: A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.


bacterial degradosome

description: The degradosome is a protein complex playing a key role in mRNA degradation and RNA processing. It includes a RNA helicase, a 3'-5' phosphate-dependent PNPase and a RNase E bound-enolase.


myosin XIII complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.


name: chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.


name: Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

description: A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


titin-telethonin complex

description: A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.


viral portal complex

description: A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.


type I interferon receptor complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that binds a type I interferon and transmits the signal across the membrane into the cell. Consists of an alpha subunit (IFNAR1) and a beta subunit (IFNAR2).


decoy receptor complex

description: A receptor complex that recognizes, binds and sequesters a specific receptor ligand to prevent it from binding to its regular receptor. May be soluble or membrane bound.


name: nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM9 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM9.


sigma factor antagonist complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.


laminin-5B complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-Fyn complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn.