response to high population density

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area.


name: transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


name: ATP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = ADP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


name: regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


name: maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip

description: A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


regulation of backward locomotion

description: Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalate = 2-methylmaleate + H2O.


name: arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2.


picolinic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.


name: negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


polyphosphate-mediated signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using polyphosphate as the signal.


lung cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


name: superior reticular formation development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proboscis morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.


name: negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


name: T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

description: A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


name: cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + H2O = cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


subpallium glioblast cell division

description: The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.


reproductive fruiting body development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.


protein carboxylation

description: The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


description: Binding a substrate via a thioester at the terminal thiol of a covalentely linked phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediating protein-protein interactions with cognate enzymes for processing or offloading of the thiol-bound substrate.


name: glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


name: asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

description: The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.


name: mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation

description: The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.


CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


acyl-CoA binding

description: Binding to an acyl-CoA, a thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol monomethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


phytyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


name: cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.


name: aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


teliospore formation

description: The set of processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


name: establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization

description: Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm.


cellular response to water stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrocyanin, an iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group.


name: negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


adult chitin-based cuticle development

description: Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one.


name: cell motility in response to calcium ion

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


malyl-CoA lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate.


name: light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of microglia differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


heme O catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


name: regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


name: regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.


interferon-tau production

description: The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: early neuron fate commitment in forebrain

description: The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


name: D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


photosystem II repair

description: Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).


nucleus-vacuole junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


root development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.


protein malonylation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.


name: sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.


name: positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.


name: imaginal disc-derived genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cardioblast cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH(2).


name: host interaction involved in quorum sensing

description: A quorum sensing process that is modulated by some interaction with a host cell or organism.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


name: positive regulation of defecation rhythm

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


averantin hydroxylase activity

description: Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.


name: purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


endocytosis, site selection

description: The process of selecting and or marking the position where endocytosis will occur.


name: mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of iodide transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


B cell anergy

description: Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


name: active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


name: axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction

description: The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.


animal organ maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


name: regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


response to antimetabolite

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.


genital disc pattern formation

description: The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.


ornithine cyclodeaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = L-proline + NH4.


name: positive regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.


name: anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


name: mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of cellular defense response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.


acyl-CoA desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O.


pronephric duct development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.


anandamide epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide.


protein localization to microtubule end

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.


N-terminal protein formylation

description: The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


name: regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


name: gibberellin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of gibberellin from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


description: The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.


D-threonine aldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.


name: capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.


D-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-cysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + pyruvate.


name: negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


name: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


phosphoadenylylsulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate.


cis-acting DNA replication termination

description: A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.


name: cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


lutein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.


name: Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + ATP + Photinus luciferin = light + diphosphate + AMP + CO2 + oxidized Photinus luciferin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


extraembryonic membrane development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


behavioral defense response to insect

description: A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.


name: primary amino compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound.


name: conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA

description: The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).


O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.


digestive tract mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.


protein-heme linkage via 1'-L-histidine

description: The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).


deoxyinosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


name: positive regulation of melanization defense response

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.


protein acylation

description: The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.


beta-primeverosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose + an alcohol.


R7 cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.


name: natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response.


name: selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


transmitting tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.


cellular detoxification of fluoride

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a fluoride. These may include chemical modification or transport of fluoride away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation

description: The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O + 2 NAD+ = GDP-D-mannuronate + 3 H+ + 2 NADH.


guaiacyl lignin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guaiacyl lignin.


lens fiber cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


name: N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


phenol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


tube fusion

description: The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.


2-iminoacetate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + reduced acceptor = 2-iminoacetate + 4-methylphenol + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + acceptor + 2 H+.


esculetin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


name: pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.


eye pigment catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


enucleate erythrocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

description: The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders interpret product ratios in chemical reactions which involve transitions between different spin states.


7-methylguanosine RNA capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the RNA 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript. Additional methylation can occur on the ribose sugars of the first and second nucleotides adjacent to the m7G nRNA cap. These methylations are often referred to as N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6,2A) and N6,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m6,2G), respectively.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


DIF-1 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


sclerotium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sclerotium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sclerotium is a mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.


name: interstitial cell of Cajal differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an interstitial cell of Cajal. An interstitial cell of Cajal is an intestinal neuroepithelial cell that serves as a pacemaker to trigger gut contraction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + imidazol-4-ylacetate + NADH + O2 = 5-hydroxyimidazole-4-acetate + H2O + NAD+.


9-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 9-phenanthrylsulfate.


anther development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host transcription

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances transcription of genes into mRNA in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


actin filament bundle distribution

description: Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.


name: Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane.


name: D-galactose 6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 6-phosphate = beta-D-galactose 6-phosphate.


name: magnetoreception by sensory perception of electrical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Movement in a magnetic field results in an induced electric field, which can be perceived by organisms such as elasmobranch fish.


name: protein localization to interphase microtubule organizing center

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an interphase microtubule organizing center.


name: acetate ester transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an acetate ester from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell cycle G0/G1 transition checkpoint

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with the normal execution of the host cell G0/G1 transition checkpoint. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. Some viruses benefit from keeping cells in resting state (G0), while others favor entry through G1 and subsequent cell division to replicate more efficiently.


oxalate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + oxalate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + oxalyl-CoA.


name: nicotinamide riboside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


clavulanic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.


bud field specification

description: The regionalization process in which the identity of a bud primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a brassinosteroid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated brassinosteroid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a brassinosteroid acceptor, producing the sulfated brassinosteroid derivative.


name: positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-mevalonate 5-phosphate = ADP + isopentenyl phosphate + CO2 + phosphate.


name: protein localization to nuclear periphery

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear periphery.


regulation of ligase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6.


name: mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell.


intronic box C/D snoRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and molecular oxygen is incorporated into a donor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + H+ + UDP.


ESCRT complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ESCRT complex.


pancreatic E cell fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic E cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic E cell.


ectodermal cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


pyroptotic cell death

description: A inflammatory cell death process associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators that result from the activation of gasdermins.


antennal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the antenna are generated and organized.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione = 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + phosphate.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP+ = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate.


name: positive regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


p-cresol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cresol.


description: Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked thiazoline to thiazole.


kynurenine 7,8-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: kynurenate + donor-H2 + O2 = 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + acceptor.


name: gibberellin A9 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H = 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A9 + H2O + NAD(P).


1-indanone monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3,4-dihydrocoumarin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + wogonin = UDP + wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative.


non-sensory hair organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.


tobramycin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tobramycin.


rhombomere 5 morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


chemotaxis to oxidizable substrate

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.


gliotoxin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding

description: Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains a sulfonyl group, -SO2-.


name: pyridine-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


streptomycin 3''-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 3''-phosphate.


name: B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

description: B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


name: regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


name: regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


pyrithiamine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + H2O = 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + NH3.


diol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


name: negative regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


corneal epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an corneal epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an corneal epithelium.


name: ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).


name: maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation

description: The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.


name: dorsal spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A dorsal spinal cord interneuron is an interneuron located in the dorsal part of the spinal cord.


phosphorus metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine(2+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H+ + 2'-N-acetylparomamine(2+) + UDP(3-).


name: D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.


name: regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


astaxanthin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of astaxanthin.


name: lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.


name: negative regulation of hypoxanthine transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


adult foraging behavior

description: Behavior by which an adult locates food.


name: N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans

description: The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.


protein lysine delactylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD = L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide +2''-O-lactoyl-ADP-D-ribose, removing a lactoyl group attached to a lysine residue in a protein.


lipooligosaccharide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipooligosaccharide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate + H2O = 3-formylsalicylic acid + pyruvate.


name: regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


name: somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition

description: The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP+ = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H+ + NADPH.


cellular alkene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.


neurotrophin production

description: The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


meiotic interphase II

description: The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipooligosaccharide.


vomitoxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of type B trichothecene vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi and predominantly occurs in grains such as wheat, barley and oats.


riboflavin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H+ = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


name: hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


cyanide hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: formamide = H2O + hydrogen cyanide.


growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


name: positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


nitrogen utilization

description: A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


name: regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


acylagmatine amidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H2O = agmatine + benzoate.


RNA cap 4 binding

description: Binding to a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.


lymphotoxin A production

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


posterior neuropore closure

description: The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


methylnaphthalene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


name: ABC-type amino acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).


aurone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.


name: regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.


tuberculosinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.


response to host pH environment

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of artery morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


deoxyguanosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


name: positive regulation of proline import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


name: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity (NAD(P)H)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


peptidyl-alanine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-alanine.


cellular response to carbon monoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.


name: asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.


name: positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


name: positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


name: cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


fatty alcohol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.


helvolic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.


name: modulation by symbiont of entry into host

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


name: stalled replication fork localization to nuclear periphery

description: A cellular localization process where a DNA replication fork that has stalled is signaled to relocate and anchor to the nuclear periphery for the time necessary to complete recombination-dependent replication.


name: negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-xylose + NADP+ = H+ + L-xylono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.


response to methyl methanesulfonate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


name: nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

description: The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.


cell wall organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


name: arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of nigerotriose transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


name: negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.


name: cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


male analia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


name: negative regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.


rDNA chromatin condensation

description: The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.


name: toluene-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


cyanophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


exit from reproductive diapause

description: The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


far-red light photoreceptor activity

description: The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


name: germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal

description: The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.


box H/ACA sno(s)RNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


name: acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.


name: altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

description: Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


chemotaxis to folate

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


name: regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


name: metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsorubin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.


instar larval or pupal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


name: anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.


diterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


name: modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


Sertoli cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.


response to tellurium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


name: glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


name: regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


notochord cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


pyruvate oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


cellular response to N-phenylthiourea

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


name: positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


name: regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


name: positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.


L-lysine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

description: The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


name: cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


name: mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


name: regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


palmatine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


cellular response to cyclosporin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


inulin binding

description: Binding to inulin.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


L-lysine 6-transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.


name: histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


name: regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


name: negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


name: anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


name: metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


name: regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


name: anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

description: Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


name: arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


name: membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell

description: Merging of the virion membrane and a host membrane (host plasma membrane or host organelle membrane) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


name: negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


4-methyleneglutaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.


name: cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


labyrinthine layer formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


superior olivary nucleus formation

description: The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


name: negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


fraxetin 5-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalyzes the reaction fraxetin+ NAD(P)H + 02= sideretin + NAD(P)(+) + H20.


name: positive regulation of motor neuron migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


name: lipid modification by small protein conjugation

description: A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid.


n-octane oxidation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.


name: protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization

description: Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.


menaquinone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


name: regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


name: negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


deoxyinosine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


name: regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


name: negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


determination of stimulus intensity

description: The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.


negative regulation of heart induction

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


name: negative regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.


cellular response to interleukin-32

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


name: negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


translocation of molecules into host

description: The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tonic skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.


beta-L-rhamnosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.


name: transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


name: coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


queuosine salvage

description: Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


neuropore closure

description: The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.


name: positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


acetate kinase (diphosphate) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.


name: 12-demethyl-elloramycin C12a O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 12-demethyl-elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


leaf vascular tissue pattern formation

description: Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.


pentalenolactone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.


adamantanone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


angioblast cell migration

description: The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


name: alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a demethylmenaquinol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a menaquinol.


raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.


name: positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

description: Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.


icosanoid receptor activity

description: Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.


cathasterone hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = teasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.


cellular response to kainic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.


regulation of tube lumen cavitation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


name: glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.


aconitate delta-isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.


phenol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-phosphate = XH + phenylphosphate.


plastid chromosome packaging

description: A process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


phyllotactic patterning

description: The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.


name: negative regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


suture of dorsal opening

description: Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.


photoperiodism, flowering

description: A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


name: symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism

description: Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.


cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


name: modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.


name: entry of intact viral capsid into host nucleus through nuclear pore complex

description: Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid passes intact through the host nuclear pore complex (NPC).


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


posterior head segmentation

description: Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


name: negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to hesperadin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


name: 23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


organic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


vanadium ion binding

description: Binding to a vanadium ion (V).


name: cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


cellular response to linoleic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of hydrogen peroxide through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


plant-type cell wall modification

description: The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


name: positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


cellopentaose binding

description: Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


deglucuronidation

description: The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


prolactin secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


name: protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


organic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


name: regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


name: regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


cell wall thickening

description: A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


name: iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


name: metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


name: antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


name: nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


sieve cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


tartrate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.


name: white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

description: The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


name: maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

description: The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


pteridine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


response to staurosporine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.