hair follicle morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.


embryonic organ morphogenesis

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


hard palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


soft palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.


chordate pharynx development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cordate pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cranial skeletal system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.


name: LORF2_HUMAN LINE-1 retrotransposable element ORF2 protein (sprot)


RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time.


name: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates and 3' hydroxyls. Cleavage is dependent on the presence in the DNA of a specific recognition site; cleavage occurs at or very near this recognition site.


RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process

description: A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.


retrotransposition

description: A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) copies and pastes itself into a different genomic location by transcription and convertsion of the transcribed RNA back into DNA through reverse transcription.


nucleic acid metabolic process

description: Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


name: QSOX1_HUMAN Sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (sprot)

description: A sulfhydryl oxidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein disulfide isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the rearrangement of both intrachain and interchain disulfide bonds in proteins.


name: flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


negative regulation of macroautophagy

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.


specific granule lumen

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


tertiary granule lumen

description: Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a tertiary granule.


name: P2Y10_HUMAN Putative P2Y purinoceptor 10 (sprot)

description: A putative P2Y purinoceptor 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCTN6_HUMAN Dynactin subunit 6 (sprot)

A dynactin subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: ACATN_HUMAN Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 (sprot)

description: An acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


acetyl-CoA transmembrane transport

description: The process in which acetyl-CoA is transported across a membrane. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


name: WASL_HUMAN Actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL (sprot)

description: An actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTPase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a GTPase.


vesicle budding from membrane

description: The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


name: actin polymerization or depolymerization

description: Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


vesicle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.


actin filament polymerization

description: Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


protein-containing complex localization

description: A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


name: positive regulation of filopodium assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


spindle localization

description: Any process in which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


dendritic spine morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


regulation of postsynapse organization

description: Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse.


name: negative regulation of membrane tubulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.


name: positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


actin cap

description: Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.


name: PDE2A_HUMAN cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase (sprot)

description: A cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase that is encoded in the genome of human.


heart valve development

description: The progression of a heart valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A heart valve is a structure that restricts the flow of blood to different regions of the heart and forms from an endocardial cushion.


aorta development

description: The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+.


name: cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


cAMP binding

description: Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


cGMP binding

description: Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


TPR domain binding

description: Binding to a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of a protein, the consensus sequence of which is defined by a pattern of small and large hydrophobic amino acids and a structure composed of helices.


phosphate ion binding

description: Binding to a phosphate ion.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+.


regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


cAMP-mediated signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic AMP (cAMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


cGMP-mediated signaling

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic GMP (cGMP), and ends with activation of downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


name: cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: negative regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


name: positive regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

description: Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


cGMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


establishment of endothelial barrier

description: The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.


cellular response to cAMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


cellular response to cGMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


name: cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


name: negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


name: cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


name: FOXN3_HUMAN Forkhead box protein N3 (sprot)

description: A forkhead box protein N3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

description: A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression through the G2/M transition of the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


IPO5_HUMAN Importin-5 (sprot)

An importin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTPase inhibitor activity

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP and orthophosphate.


nuclear import signal receptor activity

description: Combining with a nuclear import signal (NIS) on a cargo to be transported, to mediate transport of the cargo through the nuclear pore, from the cytoplasm to the nuclear lumen. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


name: cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand from another organism to a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear envelope.


ribosomal protein import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. At least some ribosomal proteins, including rpl12, uses the importin 11 pathway as a major route into the nucleus.


nuclear pore

description: A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.


name: RPOM_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


DNA primase activity

description: Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases. In certain conditions, for example in response to DNA damage, some primases synthesize a DNA primer.


name: DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template, i.e. the catalysis of DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


DNA replication, synthesis of primer

description: The synthesis of a short nucleotide polymer using one strand of unwound DNA as a template. The product is usually a RNA molecule between 4-15 nucleotides long that provides a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases. In certain conditions, for example in response to DNA damage, some primases synthesize a DNA primer.


mitochondrial transcription

description: The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


name: transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter

description: A transcription initiation process that takes place at a promoter on the mitochondrial chromosome.


mitochondrial nucleoid

description: The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.


name: EF2K_HUMAN Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (sprot)

description: An elongation factor 2 kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


elongation factor-2 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.


name: translation factor activity, RNA binding

description: Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.


name: regulation of protein autophosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


cellular response to insulin stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


positive regulation of endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


protein autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).


positive regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


name: positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


cellular response to anoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


name: regulation of translation at postsynapse

description: Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse.


name: cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus

description: A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


response to prolactin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.


name: CCRL2_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (sprot)

description: A C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


chemokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a chemokine receptor.


CCR chemokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a CCR chemokine receptor.


chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: SAP18_HUMAN Histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18 (sprot)

description: A histone deacetylase complex subunit SAP18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


exon-exon junction complex

description: A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.


name: negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


histone deacetylase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.


ASAP complex

description: A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.


name: EMAL1_HUMAN Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 1 (sprot)

description: An echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic spindle pole

description: Either of the ends of a mitotic spindle, a spindle that forms as part of mitosis, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


mitotic spindle midzone

description: The area in the center of the anaphase spindle consisting of microtubules, microtubule bundling factors and kinesin motors where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap in an antiparallel manner.


tubulin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.


name: IF2B3_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (sprot)

description: An insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mRNA 5'-UTR binding

description: Binding to an mRNA molecule at its 5' untranslated region.


name: N6-methyladenosine-containing RNA reader activity

description: A protein adaptor that recognizes and binds an RNA molecule modified by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs.


regulation of cytokine production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.


CRD-mediated mRNA stabilization

description: An mRNA stabilization process in which one or more RNA-binding proteins associate with a sequence in the open reading frame called the coding region instability determinant (CRD).


name: DNM1L_HUMAN Dynamin-1-like protein (sprot)

description: A dynamin-1-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


endoplasmic reticulum organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.


mitochondrion-derived vesicle

description: A vesicle derived via budding from a mitochondrion. These vesicles often contain inner membrane and, much more rarely, cristae.


regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: regulation of mitochondrion organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.


peroxisome fission

description: The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.


name: mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process

description: The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.


name: intracellular distribution of mitochondria

description: Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.


rhythmic process

description: Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.


protein complex oligomerization

description: The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


heart contraction

description: The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


necroptotic process

description: A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.


protein localization to mitochondrion

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial fission

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


mitochondrial membrane fission

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous mitochondrial membrane into two membranes and contributes to mitochondrial fission.


mitocytosis

description: A migrasome-mediated selective removal of damaged mitochondria process that maintains mitochondrion homeostasis in migrating cells.


regulation of peroxisome organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxisome organization.


regulation of mitophagy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macromitophagy.


regulation of ATP metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


clathrin-coated pit

description: A part of the endomembrane system in the form of an invagination of a membrane upon which a clathrin coat forms, and that can be converted by vesicle budding into a clathrin-coated vesicle. Coated pits form on the plasma membrane, where they are involved in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane, in the trans-Golgi network, and on some endosomes.


name: RTCA_HUMAN RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase (sprot)

description: An RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.


name: negative regulation of optical nerve axon regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.


name: P3C2A_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha (sprot)

description: A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + ATP = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


insulin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.


name: vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

description: A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


name: PLK4_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 (sprot)

description: A serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of centriole replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.


centriole replication

description: The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. Duplicated centrioles also become the ciliary basal body in cells that form cilia during G0.


XY body

description: A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


procentriole

description: A cellular structure that is the site of a developing centriole, which will become a microtubule organizing center. During the canonical pathway of centriole duplication that occurs during the cell division cycle, procentrioles grow at the proximal ends of both mother and daughter centrioles. In the newly divided cells, the original mother and daughter centrioles become mother centrioles while the procentrioles become the new daughter centrioles. Procentrioles can also arise from de novo pathways that occur in multiciliated cells. In ciliated epithelial cells, numerous procentrioles arise form electron dense material referred to as fibrous granules and deuterosomes. The pathway of procentriole formation in multiciliated protists appears to be similar to that in mammalian multiciliated epithelium. In sperm of primitive land plants, multiple procentrioles are formed from a blepharoplast giving rise to multicilated sperm cells.


procentriole replication complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a chaperone or scaffold for centriolar proteins during the maturation of the procentriole. Some of its members may become integrated into the growing centriole. Examples are the CPAP(CENPJ)-STIL complex, CEP192-PLK4 complex or CEP152-PLK4 complex in vertebrates.


SYT5_HUMAN Synaptotagmin-5 (sprot)

A synaptotagmin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.


proximal neuron projection

description: The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.


name: GFRA2_HUMAN GDNF family receptor alpha-2 (sprot)

description: A GDNF family receptor alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

description: Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor.


extrinsic component of membrane

description: The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: LST1_HUMAN Leukocyte-specific transcript 1 protein (sprot)

description: A leukocyte-specific transcript 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


name: IFRD1_HUMAN Interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (sprot)

description: An interferon-related developmental regulator 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


myoblast fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of axon extension

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.


muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.


name: negative regulation of collateral sprouting

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


sarcoplasm

description: The cytoplasm of a muscle cell; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


name: P85B_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta (sprot)

description: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphotyrosine residue binding

description: Binding to a phosphorylated tyrosine residue within a protein.


receptor tyrosine kinase binding

description: Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding

description: Binding to a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The regulatory subunit associates with the catalytic subunit to regulate both its activity and subcellular location.


regulation of autophagy

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


name: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


negative regulation of MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


regulation of stress fiber assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


name: regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


name: GOLI4_HUMAN Golgi integral membrane protein 4 (sprot)

description: A Golgi integral membrane protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transport vesicle

description: Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.


endocytic vesicle

description: A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.


MANBA_HUMAN Beta-mannosidase (sprot)

A beta-mannosidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-mannosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.


D-mannose binding

description: Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.


glycoprotein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


oligosaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


azurophil granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


lysosomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.


name: TRAF5_HUMAN TNF receptor-associated factor 5 (sprot)

description: A TNF receptor-associated factor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


thioesterase binding

description: Binding to a thioesterase.


name: signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.


name: positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


CD40 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules.


AGRIN_HUMAN Agrin (sprot)

An agrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


dystroglycan binding

description: Binding to dystroglycan, a glycoprotein found in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues, often in association with dystrophin. The native dystroglycan cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (N-terminal) and beta (C-terminal).


sialic acid binding

description: Binding to a sialic acid, a N- or O- substituted derivative of neuraminic acid, a nine carbon monosaccharide. Sialic acids often occur in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria.


chondroitin sulfate binding

description: Binding to chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc).


heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

description: Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


name: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


receptor clustering

description: The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


name: clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

description: The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


name: positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction.


synapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


name: PLOD2_HUMAN Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (sprot)

description: A procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5-(D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen = UDP + 1,2-D-glucosyl-5-D-(galactosyloxy)-L-lysine-procollagen.


protein O-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


L-ascorbic acid binding

description: Binding to L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.


hydroxylysine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


name: MEIS1_HUMAN Homeobox protein Meis1 (sprot)

description: A homeobox protein Meis1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


megakaryocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.


name: negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


definitive hemopoiesis

description: A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continuously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.


name: cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

description: The growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


name: EXOC5_HUMAN Exocyst complex component 5 (sprot)

description: An exocyst complex component 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic cytokinesis

description: A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


establishment of planar polarity

description: Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


vesicle docking involved in exocytosis

description: The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, that contributes to exocytosis.


protein localization to plasma membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.


name: vesicle tethering involved in exocytosis

description: The initial, indirect interaction between a secretory vesicle membrane and a site of exocytosis in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.


name: ELL2_HUMAN RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2 (sprot)

description: An RNA polymerase II elongation factor ELL2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

description: The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.


transcription elongation factor complex

description: Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.


name: NPT4_HUMAN Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 4 (sprot)

description: A sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: sodium:phosphate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


name: organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


name: urate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


name: efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


name: toxin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a toxin from one side of a membrane to the other. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


name: xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


phosphate ion transport

description: The directed movement of phosphate ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


organic anion transport

description: The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


urate transport

description: The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glucose-6-phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


urate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


name: xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

description: A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a xenobiotic by exporting it outside the cell.


name: BT3A3_HUMAN Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A3 (sprot)

description: A butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: HMGN4_HUMAN High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

description: A high mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleosomal DNA binding

description: Binding to the DNA portion of a nucleosome.


name: BT3A1_HUMAN Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (sprot)

description: A butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


activated T cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


name: NR5A2_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (sprot)

description: A nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription coregulator binding

description: Binding to a transcription coregulator, a protein involved in regulation of transcription via protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other transcription regulatory proteins. Cofactors do not bind DNA directly, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.


nuclear receptor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytosol, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus.


bile acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


name: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


homeostatic process

description: Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state.


cholesterol homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


name: positive regulation of viral genome replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


pancreas morphogenesis

description: Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


acinar cell differentiation

description: The epithelial cell differentiation process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an acinar cell, a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini.


calcineurin-mediated signaling

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a transcription factor as a consequence of dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The process begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase with a conserved function in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans. In yeast and fungi, calcineurin regulates stress signaling and cell cycle, and sporulation and virulence in pathogenic fungi. In metazoans, calcineurin is involved in cell commitment, organogenesis and organ development and immune function of T-lymphocytes. By a conserved mechanism, calcineurin phosphatase activates fungal Crz1 and mammalian NFATc by dephosphorylation and translocation of these transcription factors to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.


name: NDUA4_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 (sprot)

description: A cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen

description: The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.


cellular respiration

description: The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).


name: positive regulation of cytochrome-c oxidase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).


name: PSDE_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (sprot)

description: A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


metallopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


endopeptidase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of an endopeptidase.


proteasome binding

description: Binding to a proteasome, a large multisubunit protein complex that catalyzes protein degradation.


name: double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


name: double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

description: The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.


response to ethanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


name: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


name: proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex

description: The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


cytosolic proteasome complex

description: A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.


name: ZN593_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 593 (sprot)

description: A zinc finger protein 593 that is encoded in the genome of human.


preribosome binding

description: Binding to a preribosome.


name: negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


name: BIN1_HUMAN Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

description: A Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of aspartic-type endopeptidases.


tau protein binding

description: Binding to tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.


GTPase binding

description: Binding to a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.


protein-folding chaperone binding

description: Binding to a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.


RNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.


nucleus organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.


regulation of cell cycle process

description: Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


T-tubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


regulation of neuron differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


name: positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


nucleus localization

description: Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


lipid tube assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as they fuse or undergo fission.


name: regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction

description: A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


name: negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


name: negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation.


name: negative regulation of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


name: negative regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.


node of Ranvier

description: An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.


varicosity

description: Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


cerebellar mossy fiber

description: An axon arising from cerebellar projecting cells in the cochlea, vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, reticular formation, cerebellar nuclei and basilar pontine nuclei. Mossy fibers enter through all three cerebellar peduncles and send collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei, then branch in the white matter and terminate in the granule cell layer. Through this branching, a given mossy fiber can innervate several folia. Mossy fibers synapse on granule cells. The synaptic contacts are made at enlargements along the length of the mossy fiber called mossy fiber rosettes. The enlargements of the rosettes give the axons a mossy-looking appearance in Golgi stained preparations.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase II promoter.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


lipid tube

description: A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.


CLD5_HUMAN Claudin-5 (sprot)

A claudin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cortical actin cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


cell-cell junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


positive regulation of protein binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


maintenance of blood-brain barrier

description: Maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, thus ensuring specific regulated transport of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into the brain, and out of the brain into the blood circulation.


myelination

description: The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


roof of mouth development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.


face morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.


tight junction assembly

description: A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


name: positive regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


name: positive regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly.


establishment of blood-retinal barrier

description: Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the retina. The blood-retinal barrier is located at two levels, forming an outer barrier in the retinal pigment epithelium and an inner barrier in the endothelial membrane of the retinal vessels. Both these membranes have tight junctions of the 'nonleaky' type.


cell-cell junction

description: A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.


paranode region of axon

description: An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.


Schmidt-Lanterman incisure

description: Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.


name: IMA4_HUMAN Importin subunit alpha-4 (sprot)

description: An importin subunit alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


viral penetration into host nucleus

description: The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.


host cell

description: A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.


name: STK25_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 (sprot)

description: A serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

description: Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


cellular response to oxidative stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


positive regulation of axonogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.


Golgi localization

description: Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


establishment of Golgi localization

description: The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.


Golgi reassembly

description: The reformation of the Golgi following its breakdown and partitioning contributing to Golgi inheritance.


FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex

description: A conserved protein phosphatase type 2A complex which contains a protein phosphatase type 2A, a protein phosphatase regulatory subunit, a striatin, an FHA domain protein and other subunits (at least six proteins). In fission yeast this complex negatively regulate the septation initiation network at the spindle pole body.


name: USP9Y_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 9Y (sprot)

description: A probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-Y that is encoded in the genome of human.


co-SMAD binding

description: Binding to a common mediator SMAD signaling protein.


name: BCL9_HUMAN B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein (sprot)

description: A B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


name: myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


name: somatic stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


skeletal muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.


myoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.


beta-catenin-TCF complex

description: A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors.


LAD1_HUMAN Ladinin-1 (sprot)

A ladinin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: FAAH1_HUMAN Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 (sprot)

description: A fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


fatty acid amide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.


acylglycerol lipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.


arachidonic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


monoacylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


name: KRIT1_HUMAN Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (sprot)

description: A Krev interaction trapped protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiogenesis

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


endothelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell migration

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


integrin activation

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.


cell redox homeostasis

description: Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.


regulation of angiogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


UPK2_HUMAN Uroplakin-2 (sprot)

A uroplakin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: NCHL1_HUMAN Neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein (sprot)

description: A neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


adult locomotory behavior

description: Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


apical part of cell

description: The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.


name: VMA5A_HUMAN von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 5A (sprot)

description: A loss of heterozygosity 11 chromosomal region 2 gene A protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PESC_HUMAN Pescadillo homolog (sprot)

A pescadillo that is encoded in the genome of human.


rRNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.


cell population proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


ribonucleoprotein complex binding

description: Binding to a complex of RNA and protein.


name: maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


name: maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


ribosomal large subunit biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


preribosome, large subunit precursor

description: A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.


PeBoW complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.


DLL1_HUMAN Delta-like protein 1 (sprot)

A delta-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Notch binding

description: Binding to a Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.


Tat protein binding

description: Binding to Tat, a viral transactivating regulatory protein from the human immunodeficiency virus, or the equivalent protein from another virus.


scaffold protein binding

description: Binding to a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.


somite specification

description: The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.


name: inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

description: The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


type B pancreatic cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a type B pancreatic cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


compartment pattern specification

description: The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.


proximal/distal pattern formation

description: The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).


regulation of somitogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.


spinal cord development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.


cerebellar molecular layer formation

description: The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


name: cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


hemopoiesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.


myeloid cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.


name: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-10 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.


name: negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


regulation of growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.


name: negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


lateral inhibition

description: Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.


neuron fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.


neuroepithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


name: Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.


left/right axis specification

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).


nephron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


proximal tubule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


loop of Henle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The loop of Henle is a nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.


clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.


endothelial tip cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.


name: neuronal stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.


name: regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


name: CAC1A_HUMAN Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A (sprot)

description: A voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.


name: modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or amplitude of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. Amplitude, in this case, refers to the change in postsynaptic membrane potential due to a single instance of synaptic transmission.


response to amyloid-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


name: RCAS1_HUMAN Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (sprot)

description: A receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: peptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase that is involved in the apoptotic process.


T cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


name: adaptive immune memory response involving T cells and B cells

description: An immune response mediated by reactivated memory T cells and B cells and directed against a previously encountered antigen, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the primary response.


SDCB1_HUMAN Syntenin-1 (sprot)

A syntenin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


frizzled binding

description: Binding to a frizzled (fz) receptor.


interleukin-5 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-5 receptor.


cytoskeletal anchor activity

description: The binding activity of a protein that brings together a cytoskeletal protein (either a microtubule or actin filament, spindle pole body, or protein directly bound to them) and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


growth factor binding

description: Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.


neurexin family protein binding

description: Binding to a neurexin, a synaptic cell surface protein related to latrotoxin receptor, laminin and agrin. Neurexins act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


syndecan binding

description: Binding to syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan (250-300 kDa) associated largely with epithelial cells.


ephrin receptor binding

description: Binding to an ephrin receptor.


cell adhesion molecule binding

description: Binding to a cell adhesion molecule.


protein sequestering activity

description: Binding to a protein to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


name: negative regulation of receptor internalization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


name: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


positive regulation of cell growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


positive regulation of phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


presynapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynapse.


name: positive regulation of exosomal secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.


name: positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly.


azurophil granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


extracellular vesicle

description: Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.


interleukin-5 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.


name: PITM1_HUMAN Membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 1 (sprot)

description: A membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylinositol transfer activity

description: Removes phosphatidylinositol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


phosphatidic acid binding

description: Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


phototransduction

description: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.


phospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


name: MPP10_HUMAN U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein MPP10 (sprot)

description: A U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein MPP10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions

description: Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.


maturation of SSU-rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.


ribosomal small subunit biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.