AP-3 adaptor complex

description: A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. AP-3 does not appear to associate with clathrin in all organisms. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).


clathrin-coated vesicle membrane

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.


microvesicle

description: An extracellular vesicle released from the plasma membrane and ranging in size from about 100 nm to 1000 nm.


name: ST2B1_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 2B1 (sprot)

description: A sulfotransferase 2B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cholesterol binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol); the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


steroid sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenolic steroid = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + steroid O-sulfate.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


steroid hormone binding

description: Binding to a steroid hormone.


steroid metabolic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


cholesterol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.


name: positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


name: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


TLR4_HUMAN Toll-like receptor 4 (sprot)

A Toll-like receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


name: positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


lipopolysaccharide binding

description: Binding to a lipopolysaccharide.


name: lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

description: Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


name: transmembrane signaling receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


name: NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose, in a two steps reaction: first an ADP-ribosyl cyclase reaction, followed by a cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase reaction.


name: wound healing involved in inflammatory response

description: The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response.


name: B cell proliferation involved in immune response

description: The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.


name: nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.


name: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


nitric oxide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


phagocytosis

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.


I-kappaB phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


JNK cascade

description: A MAPK cascade containing at least the JNK (MAPK8) MAP kinase. It starts with the activation of JUN3K (a MAPK3K), which activates JNKK a MAP2K), which in turn activates JNK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier. The JNK cascade is activated by stress signals, as well as by G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, and cytokines, and results in cellular responses such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation.


gene expression

description: The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


name: positive regulation of platelet activation

description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


astrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


microglia differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


detection of fungus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: positive regulation of B cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


detection of lipopolysaccharide

description: The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-17 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-23 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-6 production

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.


name: positive regulation of chemokine production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.


name: positive regulation of interferon-alpha production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


name: positive regulation of interferon-beta production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-1 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.


name: positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


name: TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


name: cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


T-helper 1 type immune response

description: An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


macrophage activation

description: A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


name: positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.


name: positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.


name: negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


positive regulation of JNK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


name: positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


stress-activated MAPK cascade

description: A MAPK cascade that starts with the activation of a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade.


name: positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme.


name: intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

description: A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


name: positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.


name: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


cellular response to lipoteichoic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


name: negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cold-induced thermogenesis.


name: cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.


name: positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


name: positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of matrix metallopeptidase secretion.


cellular response to amyloid-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


name: positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production.


name: positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


ruffle

description: Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.


external side of plasma membrane

description: The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


lipopolysaccharide receptor complex

description: A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated and which functions as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor that primes the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.


name: RHOD_HUMAN Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD (sprot)

description: A Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD that is encoded in the genome of human.


Rho protein signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Rho subfamily relays a signal.


lamellipodium assembly

description: Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


positive regulation of cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


focal adhesion assembly

description: The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


actin filament bundle assembly

description: The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


name: APBB1_HUMAN Amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 (sprot)

description: An amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

description: Binding to a low-density lipoprotein receptor.


proline-rich region binding

description: Binding to a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.


smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


name: positive regulation of neuron projection development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


name: positive regulation of protein secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


name: negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

description: Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


LEG8_HUMAN Galectin-8 (sprot)

A galectin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


integrin binding

description: Binding to an integrin.


xenophagy

description: The selective degradation of intracellular pathogen or some part of an intracellular pathogen (e.g. viral capsid) by macroautophagy.


lymphatic endothelial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.


name: NDUS8_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


NADH dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + acceptor = NAD+ + reduced acceptor.


name: NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + ubiquinone + 5 H+(in) = NAD+ + ubiquinol + 4 H+(out).


4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

description: Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


aerobic respiration

description: The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.


name: proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis

description: The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


respiratory chain complex I

description: Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.


name: HYAS3_HUMAN Hyaluronan synthase 3 (sprot)

description: A hyaluronan synthase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hyaluronan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP.


hyaluronan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


name: extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


extracellular matrix assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix.


name: positive regulation of hyaluranon cable assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluranon cable assembly.


hyaluranon cable

description: A cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


name: TR10A_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A that is encoded in the genome of human.


protease binding

description: Binding to a protease or a peptidase.


death receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


TRAIL binding

description: Binding to TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family that rapidly induces apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines.


name: activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity

description: The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.


name: extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

description: The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

description: An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the binding of the ligand TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) to a death receptor on the cell surface.


extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: IKBE_HUMAN NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon (sprot)

description: An NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor

description: The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


name: GRM8_HUMAN Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (sprot)

description: A metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent decrease in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


CORT_HUMAN Cortistatin (sprot)

A cortistatin that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled receptor binding

description: Binding to a G protein-coupled receptor.


neuropeptide hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of a neuropeptide hormone, any peptide hormone that acts in the central nervous system. A neuropeptide is any of several types of molecules found in brain tissue, composed of short chains of amino acids; they include endorphins, enkephalins, vasopressin, and others. They are often localized in axon terminals at synapses and are classified as putative neurotransmitters, although some are also hormones.


name: PSD11_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 (sprot)

description: A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


proteasome complex

description: A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.


secretory granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.


ficolin-1-rich granule lumen

description: Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a ficolin-1-rich granule.


proteasome accessory complex

description: A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.


name: PSD12_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 (sprot)

description: A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasome regulatory particle

description: A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


name: PSMD9_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 (sprot)

description: A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

description: The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.


bHLH transcription factor binding

description: Binding to a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.


name: positive regulation of insulin secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.


name: negative regulation of insulin secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.


proteasome regulatory particle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome regulatory particle complex.


name: RN103_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF103 (sprot)

description: An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF103 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y = Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.


name: BMR1B_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B (sprot)

description: A BMP receptor type-1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


BMP binding

description: Binding to a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family.


SMAD binding

description: Binding to a SMAD signaling protein.


BMP receptor activity

description: Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


ovarian cumulus expansion

description: Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.


chondrocyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


name: central nervous system neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


retinal ganglion cell axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


name: positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


ovulation cycle

description: The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


name: positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


retina development in camera-type eye

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.


endochondral bone morphogenesis

description: The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.


name: positive regulation of cartilage development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


name: positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


name: negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


neuronal cell body

description: The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


HFE-transferrin receptor complex

description: A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.


name: SIRB1_HUMAN Signal-regulatory protein beta-1 (sprot)

description: A signal-regulatory protein beta-1 (human), isoforms 1 and 2.


cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


secretory granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.


name: ATOX1_HUMAN Copper transport protein ATOX1 (sprot)

description: A copper transport protein ATOX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


copper ion binding

description: Binding to a copper (Cu) ion.


metallochaperone activity

description: Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.


copper chaperone activity

description: Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


copper-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex, in the presence of copper.


cuprous ion binding

description: Binding to a cuprous ion, copper(1+).


copper ion transport

description: The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intracellular copper ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of copper ions within a cell.


name: AGRP_HUMAN Agouti-related protein (sprot)

description: An agouti-related protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuropeptide signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


circadian rhythm

description: Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


feeding behavior

description: Behavior associated with the intake of food.


hormone-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.


long-day photoperiodism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


regulation of feeding behavior

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.


Golgi lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.


name: PAR3_HUMAN Proteinase-activated receptor 3 (sprot)

description: A proteinase-activated receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H+.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


response to wounding

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.


platelet activation

description: A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.


name: thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a ligand-gated ion channel on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a ligand-gated ion channel and ends with a molecular function that directly regulates a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


MEN1_HUMAN Menin (sprot)

A menin that is encoded in the genome of human.


osteoblast development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.


name: negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


four-way junction DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA segment containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices.


Y-form DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA segment shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end.


name: transcription cis-regulatory region binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


phosphoprotein binding

description: Binding to a phosphorylated protein.


R-SMAD binding

description: Binding to a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein.


MAPK cascade

description: An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAP kinase (MAPK). It starts with the activation of a MAP3K, and the consecutive activation of a MPK2K and a MAPK. The cascade can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


name: negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


response to UV

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


response to gamma radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


name: positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


name: negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


negative regulation of cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


name: transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling

description: An epigenetic mechanism of regulation of gene expression that involves chromatin remodeling to capacitate gene expression by either modifying the chromatin fiber, the nucleosomal histones, or the DNA.


negative regulation of JNK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


name: negative regulation of telomerase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.


nuclear matrix

description: The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.


MLL1/2 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.


MLL1 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3. MLL1/MLL is the catalytic methyltransferase subunit, and the complex also contains the core components ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1 WDR5 and RBBP5.


histone methyltransferase complex

description: A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.


name: CBX4_HUMAN E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (sprot)

description: An E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


single-stranded RNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded RNA.


SUMO transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y = Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.


SUMO binding

description: Binding to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.


methylated histone binding

description: Binding to a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation.


SUMO ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S = X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


PcG protein complex

description: A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.


PRC1 complex

description: A multiprotein complex that mediates monoubiquitination of lysine residues of histone H2A (lysine-118 in Drosophila or lysine-119 in mammals). The complex is required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and is involved in chromatin remodeling.


name: GET1_HUMAN Guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 1 (sprot)

description: A tryptophan-rich protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein insertion into ER membrane

description: The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.


name: tail-anchored membrane protein insertion into ER membrane

description: A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which a tail-anchored (TA) transmembrane protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. TA transmembrane protein, also named type II transmembrane proteins, contain a single C- terminal transmembrane region.


GET complex

description: An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


name: PGRC1_HUMAN Membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 (sprot)

description: A membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


steroid binding

description: Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


heme biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.


name: positive regulation of lipoprotein transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lipoprotein transport.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane.


cell body

description: The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.


name: SPT5H_HUMAN Transcription elongation factor SPT5 (sprot)

description: A transcription elongation factor SPT5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

description: The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase II promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


name: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


name: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, elongation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.


name: regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.


DSIF complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions, and may play a role in RNA processing via its physical association with mRNA capping enzymes.


name: TAF4_HUMAN Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 (sprot)

description: A transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of DNA that is part of a core promoter region. The core promoter is composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the RNA polymerase and the basal transcription machinery. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


name: RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity

description: A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The general transcription factors for RNA polymerase II include TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH and TATA-binding protein (TBP). In most species, RNA polymerase II transcribes all messenger RNAs (mRNAs), most untranslated regulatory RNAs, the majority of the snoRNAs, four of the five snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, and U5), and other small noncoding RNAs. For some small RNAs there is variability between species as to whether it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III. However there are also rare exceptions, such as Trypanosoma brucei, where RNA polymerase I transcribes certain mRNAs in addition to its normal role in rRNA transcription.


ovarian follicle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of DNA repair

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


DNA-templated transcription initiation

description: The initial step of transcription, consisting of the assembly of the RNA polymerase preinitiation complex (PIC) at a gene promoter, as well as the formation of the first few bonds of the RNA transcript. Transcription initiation includes abortive initiation events, which occur when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released, and ends when promoter clearance takes place.


name: transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


male germ cell nucleus

description: The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males.


transcription factor TFIID complex

description: A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.


transcription factor TFTC complex

description: A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.


name: GPR31_HUMAN 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor (sprot)

description: A 12-(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


arachidonic acid binding

description: Binding to arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


name: response to molecule of bacterial origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


response to ischemia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.


response to acidic pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


name: DFFA_HUMAN DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (sprot)

description: A DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


protein folding chaperone

description: Binding to a protein or a protein-containing complex to assist the protein folding process.


deoxyribonuclease inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of deoxyribonuclease.


apoptotic DNA fragmentation

description: The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.


name: negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


chaperone-mediated protein folding

description: The process of inhibiting aggregation and assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that is dependent on interaction with a chaperone.


thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.


name: negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


name: RFXAP_HUMAN Regulatory factor X-associated protein (sprot)

description: A regulatory factor X-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


name: HIP1_HUMAN Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

description: A huntingtin-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.


clathrin coat assembly

description: The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.


name: epidermal growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to an epidermal growth factor receptor.


structural constituent of cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure.


clathrin binding

description: Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.


clathrin light chain binding

description: Binding to a clathrin light chain.


glutamate receptor binding

description: Binding to a glutamate receptor.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

description: Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


clathrin adaptor activity

description: Bringing together a cargo protein with clathrin, responsible for the formation of endocytic vesicles.


regulation of endocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


name: positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynapse.


name: presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

description: Any process, acting in the presynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


neurotransmitter receptor transport

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptors.


name: positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


clathrin-coated vesicle

description: A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.


presynaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse

description: A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.


name: LFTY2_HUMAN Left-right determination factor 2 (sprot)

description: A lefty 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

description: Binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor.


growth factor activity

description: The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.


platelet alpha granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.


name: TULP1_HUMAN Tubby-related protein 1 (sprot)

description: A tubby-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phagocytosis, recognition

description: The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.


dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


eye photoreceptor cell development

description: Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.


photoreceptor cell maintenance

description: Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.


positive regulation of phagocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.


name: protein localization to photoreceptor outer segment

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor outer segment.


axon terminus

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


name: TULP2_HUMAN Tubby-related protein 2 (sprot)

description: A tubby-related protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: CLIC1_HUMAN Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (sprot)

description: A chloride intracellular channel protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


vesicle

description: Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


name: TR11B_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (sprot)

description: A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B that is encoded in the genome of human.


heparan sulfate binding

description: Binding to heparan sulfate.


response to nutrient

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


name: negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


extracellular matrix organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.


response to magnesium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


name: negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


response to estrogen

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


negative regulation of bone resorption

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


name: response to arsenic-containing substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.


name: EIF3F_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F (sprot)

description: A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F that is encoded in the genome of human.


translation initiation factor activity

description: Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


metal-dependent deubiquitinase activity

description: An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


name: IRES-dependent viral translational initiation

description: Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex

description: A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex. The eIF3 complex contains five conserved core subunits, and may contain several additional proteins; the non-core subunits are thought to mediate association of the complex with specific sets of mRNAs.


name: CACB4_HUMAN Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 (sprot)

description: A voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.


adult walking behavior

description: The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.


neuronal action potential propagation

description: The propagation of an action potential along an axon, away from the soma.


cAMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


spleen development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.


Peyer's patch development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.


calcium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


name: regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


name: cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


name: negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.


name: WWP2_HUMAN NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2 (sprot)

description: A NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding

description: Binding to a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription.


extracellular transport

description: The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.


name: negative regulation of transporter activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.


name: regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


name: negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


symbiont entry into host cell

description: The process by which a symbiont breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the symbiont or its genome is released into the host cell.


name: negative regulation of protein transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein autoubiquitination

description: The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.


protein K63-linked ubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.


name: regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


name: CDC7_HUMAN Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (sprot)

description: A cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.


name: positive regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


name: positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

description: Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


cell cycle phase transition

description: The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.


name: ETV2_HUMAN ETS translocation variant 2 (sprot)

description: An ETS translocation variant 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


erythrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.


name: positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


name: positive regulation of mesoderm development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


UPK1A_HUMAN Uroplakin-1a (sprot)

A uroplakin-1a that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

description: A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


name: BMAL1_HUMAN Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1 (sprot)

description: A basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Hsp90 protein binding

description: Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.


E-box binding

description: Binding to an E-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence CANNTG that is found in the promoters of a wide array of genes expressed in neurons, muscle and other tissues.


circadian regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of hair cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


positive regulation of circadian rhythm

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


name: negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


regulation of insulin secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.


response to redox state

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


name: oxidative stress-induced premature senescence

description: A cellular senescence process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oxidative stress, e.g. high levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.


energy homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the balance between food intake (energy input) and energy expenditure.


name: positive regulation of protein acetylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.


name: regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


name: negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of cellular senescence

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


PML body

description: A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


chromatoid body

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).


CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex

description: Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.


name: PK3CD_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform (sprot)

description: A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


natural killer cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.


mast cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


name: respiratory burst involved in defense response

description: A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as part of a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


name: positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


T cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


natural killer cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


name: positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


natural killer cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


B cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


T cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


B cell activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


mast cell degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), activation of PDK1, which recruits and ending with the activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). PI3K is activated by cell surface receptors. Note that PTEN is an inhibitor of the pathway.


mast cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


neutrophil extravasation

description: The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


name: positive regulation of epithelial tube formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA

description: A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex

description: A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.


name: ODPX_HUMAN Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial (sprot)

description: A pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

description: A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA. The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1, which may be a homodimer or a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits, depending on species), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Additional proteins may also be present.


name: S28A1_HUMAN Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 (sprot)

description: A sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


name: cytidine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cytidine, cytosine riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: uridine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).


name: azole transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytidine transport

description: The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


uridine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, across a lipid bilayer, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


azole transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, across a lipid bilayer, across a membrane.


name: pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


name: nucleoside import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of nucleoside from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


nucleoside transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of nucleoside across a membrane.


name: purine nucleobase transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a purine nucleobase is transported across a membrane.


name: ST1C2_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 1C2 (sprot)

description: A sulfotransferase 1C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sulfation

description: The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


aryl sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.


amine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


MATN2_HUMAN Matrilin-2 (sprot)

A matrilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: extracellular matrix structural constituent

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.


glial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


dendrite regeneration

description: The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


response to axon injury

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.


matrilin complex

description: A cartilage extracellular matrix complex that mediates interactions between major components of the extracellular matrix such as collagens and proteoglycans and contributes to their fibrillar network. Exists as an obligate homotrimer.


name: EAA5_HUMAN Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (sprot)

description: An excitatory amino acid transporter 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


name: L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: high-affinity L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


name: extracellularly glutamate-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: glutamate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


neurotransmitter uptake

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


dicarboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


neurotransmitter transport

description: The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


neutral amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-glutamate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore.


name: FOXE1_HUMAN Forkhead box protein E1 (sprot)

description: A forkhead box protein E1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


thyroid hormone generation

description: The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.


anatomical structure morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


thyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.