endoplasmic reticulum exit site

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An endoplasmic reticulum part at which COPII-coated vesicles are produced.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


name: nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network

description: The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


organelle subcompartment

description: A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle.


organelle membrane

description: A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.


cellular anatomical entity

description: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.


organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


membrane

description: A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it.


intracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


intracellular anatomical structure

description: A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.


cytoplasm

description: The contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.


endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment

description: A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum.


endomembrane system

description: A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.


membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum

description: The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.


cellular localization

description: A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.


macromolecule localization

description: Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


transport

description: The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or a transporter complex, a pore or a motor protein.


nitrogen compound transport

description: The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vesicle-mediated transport

description: A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.


protein secretion

description: The controlled release of proteins from a cell.


cellular process

description: Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Golgi vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.


establishment of protein localization

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.


protein localization

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


localization

description: Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.


name: establishment of protein localization to extracellular region

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region.


cellular macromolecule localization

description: Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.


establishment of localization

description: Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


secretion

description: The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue.


protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


establishment of localization in cell

description: Any process, occurring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


intracellular transport

description: The directed movement of substances within a cell.


name: protein localization to extracellular region

description: Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.


export from cell

description: The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis.


secretion by cell

description: The controlled release of a substance by a cell.


name: Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway-Gi alpha and Gs alpha mediated pathway


nucleus

description: A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.


anchoring junction

description: A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.


cell-cell junction

description: A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells of an organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic intercellular bridges, such as ring canals in insects.


cell junction

description: A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella.


cell periphery

description: The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.


intercalated disc

description: A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.


cell-cell contact zone

description: Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


adherens junction

description: A cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex. The epithelial cadherins, or E-cadherins, of each interacting cell extend through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space and bind to each other. The E-cadherins bind to catenins on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, where the E-cadherin-catenin complex binds to cytoskeletal components and regulatory and signaling molecules.


plasma membrane

description: The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


synapse

description: The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.


postsynaptic specialization

description: A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


postsynaptic density

description: An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


neuron to neuron synapse

description: A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


asymmetric synapse

description: A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory.


postsynapse

description: The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


protein localization to plasma membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.


cellular component assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.


localization within membrane

description: Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.


cell-cell junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.


cellular component biogenesis

description: A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


heart development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


circulatory system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.


protein localization to membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in a membrane.


animal organ development

description: Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


developmental process

description: A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


multicellular organism development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


cellular component organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


protein localization to cell periphery

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell periphery.


name: cellular component organization or biogenesis

description: A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


organelle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


anatomical structure development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


supramolecular fiber organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


cell junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


multicellular organismal process

description: Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.


intermediate filament organization

description: Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.


cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


name: intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


intermediate filament-based process

description: Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


neurogenesis

description: Generation of cells within the nervous system.


cell projection organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


dendrite development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cell projection morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon.


name: cellular anatomical entity morphogenesis

description: The process in which a cellular entity is generated and organized. A cellular entity has granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system.


cell differentiation

description: The cellular developmental process in which a relatively unspecialized cell, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize a specific cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


anatomical structure morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection are generated and organized.


postsynapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse.


cellular developmental process

description: A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


cell morphogenesis

description: The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.


dendritic spine morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


dendrite morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


cell development

description: The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.


neuron projection development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).


synapse organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


name: cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.


neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


neuron projection morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.


generation of neurons

description: The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.


external side of plasma membrane

description: The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


cell surface

description: The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.


side of membrane

description: A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


name: Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway


signaling receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.


cytokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


C-C chemokine binding

description: Binding to a C-C chemokine; C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


binding

description: The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


cytokine binding

description: Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.


molecular transducer activity

description: A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.


protein binding

description: Binding to a protein.


G protein-coupled receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: transmembrane signaling receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


cellular response to stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.


signal transduction

description: The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.


cellular response to chemical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


calcium-mediated signaling

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


immune response

description: Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.


name: positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.


cell motility

description: Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.


cell communication

description: Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


regulation of biological process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


response to stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


response to external stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


immune system process

description: Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.


response to chemical

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


regulation of biological quality

description: Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


regulation of cellular process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


biological regulation

description: Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.


intracellular signaling cassette

description: An intracellular signaling module that is part of larger signaling pathways that can be initiated either intracellularly or by cell surface receptors. Intracellular signaling cassettes are discrete signaling units that are often shared by multiple signaling pathways.


intracellular signal transduction

description: The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.


cell migration

description: The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues.


locomotion

description: Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.


signaling

description: The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


taxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.


head development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


brain development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


central nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


neutrophil migration

description: The movement of a neutrophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


leukocyte migration

description: The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


granulocyte migration

description: The movement of a granulocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


neutrophil chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


myeloid leukocyte migration

description: The movement of a myeloid leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


leukocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


inflammatory response

description: The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.


response to stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


defense response

description: Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 5-37-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 3-20-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 6-21-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-16-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-8-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 3-15-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-12-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL IMMUNOGLOBULINN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-37-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 2-18-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-9-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR ALPHA VARIABLE 38-2_DELTA VARIABLE 8


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 3-19-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 1-44-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-33-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 2-28-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-13-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1-39-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 2-14-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 6D-41-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 2-30-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 1-40-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR ALPHA VARIABLE 14_DELTA VARIABLE 4


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 1D-42-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 3-11-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 2-24-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA VARIABLE 11-55-RELATED


name: IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA VARIABLE 2-40-RELATED


extracellular space

description: That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.


extracellular region

description: The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


macromolecule metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


gene expression

description: The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


cellular metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


cellular biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


name: production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.


somatodendritic compartment

description: The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon.


neuron projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


dendrite

description: A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.


dendritic tree

description: The entire complement of dendrites for a neuron, consisting of each primary dendrite and all its branches.


cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.


transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


name: phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).


name: transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


catalytic activity

description: Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.


name: transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


catalytic activity, acting on a protein

description: Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein.


kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


protein kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


neuron projection guidance

description: The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


macromolecule modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


protein modification process

description: The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).


phosphorus metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus.


name: phosphate-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.


axon guidance

description: The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.


axonogenesis

description: De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.


protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.


name: cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: organonitrogen compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound.


protein phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.


primary metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


axon development

description: The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).


name: enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor located on the cell surface. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: DYSLEXIA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KIAA0319-LIKE PROTEIN


intracellular vesicle

description: Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region.


cytoplasmic vesicle

description: A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.


vesicle

description: Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.


Golgi apparatus

description: A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.


neuron migration

description: The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 5-5-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 17-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 7-2-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 6-8-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 7-4-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 6-2-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA CHAIN MC.7.G5-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 12-3-RELATED


name: T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 10-1-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 7-3-RELATED


name: NON-FUNCTIONAL T CELL RECEPTOR BETA VARIABLE 23-1-RELATED


name: OLFACTORY RECEPTOR 2W5 PSEUDOGENE-RELATED


name: detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


name: detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


system process

description: A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


detection of stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


sensory perception

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


nervous system process

description: A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


detection of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


name: TRANSLOCATION ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN


name: TRANSLOCATING CHAIN-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1


name: TRANSLOCATING CHAIN-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1-LIKE 1


name: TRANSLOCATING CHAIN-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN 2


protein insertion into ER membrane

description: The process that results in incorporation of a protein into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.


membrane organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.


endomembrane system organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system.


name: establishment of protein localization to membrane

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a membrane.


protein localization to organelle

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.


protein insertion into membrane

description: The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


name: CILIA- AND FLAGELLA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 95


name: INACTIVE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-LIKE PROTEIN X2


metalloexopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


metallopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.


exopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.


metallocarboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.


carboxypeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.


name: transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding

description: Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


name: DNA-binding transcription factor activity

description: A transcription regulator activity that modulates transcription of gene sets via selective and non-covalent binding to a specific double-stranded genomic DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a cis-regulatory region. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


nucleic acid binding

description: Binding to a nucleic acid.


name: RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase II.


double-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded DNA.


name: DNA-binding transcription repressor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets.


name: sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


name: transcription cis-regulatory region binding

description: Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.


name: DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


sequence-specific DNA binding

description: Binding to DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


transcription regulator activity

description: A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


organic cyclic compound binding

description: Binding to an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure.


DNA binding

description: Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


name: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


peptide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


protein maturation

description: Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


protein processing

description: Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


proteolysis

description: The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.


amide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


regulation of biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


name: regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: regulation of DNA-templated transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


regulation of RNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


regulation of primary metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


name: regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


name: regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

description: Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


regulation of metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


name: regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: ADENOSINE 3'-PHOSPHO 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE TRANSPORTER 2


name: ADENOSINE 3'-PHOSPHO 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE TRANSPORTER 1


bounding membrane of organelle

description: The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.


Golgi membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.


name: carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, accross or in between cells.


name: UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. A nucleotide-sugar is any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


organophosphate ester transport

description: The directed movement of organophosphate esters into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


organic anion transport

description: The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.


description: The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carbohydrate derivative transport

description: The directed movement of a carbohydrate derivative into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


name: PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN-CONTAINING FAMILY B MEMBER 2


name: PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN-CONTAINING FAMILY B MEMBER 1


regulation of cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.


regulation of developmental process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


name: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 INHIBITOR POTENTIATED BY PROTEIN KINASE C


name: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 14D


name: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 14C


name: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 14A


name: PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1 REGULATORY SUBUNIT 14B


phosphatase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.


molecular function regulator activity

description: A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition.


protein phosphatase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a protein phosphatase.


phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a phosphatase.


enzyme inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.


protein phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.


molecular function inhibitor activity

description: A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


enzyme regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.


name: protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate.


response to external biotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


response to biotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


defense response to other organism

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.


response to other organism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.


name: biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms

description: Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.


innate immune response

description: Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


defense response to symbiont

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host.


name: G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to its receptor, in which the activated receptor promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.


name: RNA-BINDING MOTIF PROTEIN, Y CHROMOSOME, FAMILY 1 MEMBER A1-RELATED


name: RNA BINDING MOTIF PROTEIN, X-LINKED-LIKE-1


ribonucleoprotein complex

description: A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules.


protein-containing complex

description: A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.


spliceosomal complex

description: Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.


nuclear protein-containing complex

description: A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together in the nucleus.


RNA binding

description: Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.


ribonucleoprotein complex binding

description: Binding to a complex of RNA and protein.


ribosome binding

description: Binding to a ribosome.


protein-containing complex binding

description: Binding to a macromolecular complex.


positive regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: positive regulation of mRNA metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


name: positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


positive regulation of cellular process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


regulation of RNA splicing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


name: positive regulation of biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


name: positive regulation of metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


name: positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

description: Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


name: positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of mRNA processing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.


name: positive regulation of RNA metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


name: regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


name: positive regulation of biological process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


regulation of mRNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA metabolic process.


regulation of protein metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.


regulation of amide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.


name: post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.


regulation of translation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.


name: SODIUM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT PROTEIN 3


name: VOLTAGE-GATED PURINE NUCLEOTIDE UNIPORTER SLC17A9


name: SODIUM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT PROTEIN 1


name: SODIUM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT PROTEIN 4


synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


presynapse

description: The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.


synaptic vesicle

description: A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.


transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


exocytic vesicle

description: A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


transport vesicle

description: Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.


cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.


secretory vesicle

description: A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.


plasma membrane region

description: A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.


apical part of cell

description: The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.


apical plasma membrane

description: The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.


name: Metabotropic glutamate receptor group III pathway


name: L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


name: organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


name: L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other. L-amino acids are the L-enantiomers of amino acids.


name: amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


name: acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: passive transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.


name: xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


voltage-gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.


name: efflux transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


name: monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.


monoatomic ion channel activity

description: Enables the facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size).


synaptic vesicle cycle

description: A biological process in which synaptic vesicles are loaded with neurotransmitters, move to the active zone, exocytose and are then recycled via endocytosis, ultimately leading to reloading with neurotransmitters.


trans-synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft.


chemical synaptic transmission

description: The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


neurotransmitter transport

description: The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.


name: regulation of synapse structure or activity

description: Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

description: The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


cell-cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.


vesicle-mediated transport in synapse

description: Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse.


monoatomic ion transport

description: The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


monoatomic anion transport

description: The directed movement of a monoatomic anion, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


phosphate ion transport

description: The directed movement of phosphate ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


inorganic anion transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


name: INACTIVE POLYPEPTIDE N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE-LIKE PROTEIN 5


glycosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


hexosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


UDP-glycosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.


signaling receptor binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


glycoprotein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


macromolecule glycosylation

description: The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


name: carbohydrate derivative metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative.


protein glycosylation

description: A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


protein O-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.


name: organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.


name: carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative.


glycoprotein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


glycosylation

description: The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.


male gamete generation

description: Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


name: cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism

description: A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.


regulation of signaling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


spermatid differentiation

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


regulation of signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


spermatogenesis

description: The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa.


reproductive process

description: A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


name: multicellular organismal reproductive process

description: The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.


germ cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.


regulation of cell communication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


gamete generation

description: The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.


name: developmental process involved in reproduction

description: A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.


regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


spermatid development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


sexual reproduction

description: A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid).


name: DISCOIDIN, CUB AND LCCL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: DISCOIDIN, CUB AND LCCL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


focal adhesion

description: A cell-substrate junction that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. In insects focal adhesion has also been referred to as hemi-adherens junction (HAJ).


cell-substrate junction

description: A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


axon

description: The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.


postsynaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.


glutamatergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


synaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


growth factor binding

description: Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.


name: regulation of cellular component organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.


regulation of cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


neural crest cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


name: regulation of cellular component biogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


tube morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.


name: regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


vasculature development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.


sprouting angiogenesis

description: The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of multicellular organismal process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


positive regulation of locomotion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


tube development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.


name: regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections.


mesenchymal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


response to wounding

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.


angiogenesis

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


mesenchyme development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.


name: regulation of cell projection organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


blood vessel development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


name: regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly.


regulation of locomotion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.