name: amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

description: The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


name: NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


direct ossification

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.


GATOR1 complex binding

description: Binding to a GATOR1 complex.


glial cell fate determination

description: The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


acyl-lipid Delta(12)-acetylenase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = a (9Z)-octadec-9-en-12-ynoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


male somatic sex determination

description: The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


regulation of filamentous growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


name: N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


name: vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

description: A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


pteridine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

description: The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


name: histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


name: phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


name: positive regulation of mitotic recombination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


name: uracil transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

description: The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


name: regulation of conidiophore stalk development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


name: regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

description: Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


cellular response to vitamin B2

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


name: cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

description: A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electrical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


silicate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


microfibril binding

description: Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host anatomical structure

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of an anatomical structure of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


olefinic compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


name: regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


regulation of peroxidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


name: pigment granule aggregation in cell center

description: The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


name: negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


central tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


cloacal septation

description: The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.


name: perturbation of signal transduction in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


vindoline metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.


cellular alkyne metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

description: The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


name: reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


GDP phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.


peptidyl-glutamine methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


name: Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


protein stearoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.


regulation of androgen secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


gastric motility

description: The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.


regulation of lysosome size

description: Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


chitin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


name: cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

description: Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


name: conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

description: The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


name: regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


name: glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: regulation of shoot apical meristem development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


helper T cell chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of ovulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


name: L-ascorbate:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


name: tRNA (L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37)-C2) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37.


name: trehalose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


defense response to tumor cell

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


name: regulation of acute inflammatory response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

description: The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


outflow tract morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


name: regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


protein guanylylation

description: The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


regulation of T cell extravasation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


name: positive regulation of fatty acid transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


interleukin-4 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


evasion of host immune response

description: A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


acrosome assembly

description: The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.


name: positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


glucomannan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


insulin receptor recycling

description: The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


name: effector-mediated activation of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont

description: A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a resistance gene-dependent defense response signaling pathway in the plant host, in order to activate a hypersensitive response to induce necrosis. In the plant, this process involves the direct or indirect recognition of the symbiont effector protein for example through plant resistance receptor or R proteins (or R genes).


name: positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


name: positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cyanate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.


name: replication fork progression beyond termination site

description: Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


regulation of optic nerve formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


transaldolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


lupeol 28-oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ = betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


name: negative regulation of iron ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chalcone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


proline-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).


name: peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

description: The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


oxygen evolving activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


description: The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.


curcumin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


regulation of mesoderm formation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


response to alkaloid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


name: regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.


nucleate erythrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


sterol desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.


collagen biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


name: L-valine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


palisade mesophyll development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a palisade mesophyll over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


scattered antral spaces stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


name: amine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


name: regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


protein digestion

description: The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


intracellular sphingolipid homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sphingolipids within a cell.


name: positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


name: regulation of single strand break repair

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single strand break repair.


companion cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.


free ubiquitin chain depolymerization

description: The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: A type of non-canonical Wnt signaling in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface a the target cell results in internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yield a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


name: dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

description: The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.


cellular response to interferon-alpha

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


iota-carrageenase activity

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


name: positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


retinal cone cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


cyanide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.


nocardicin-A epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


cellular response to cyclopentenone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

description: The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


name: somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes

description: The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.


name: cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation

description: The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


name: syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development

description: The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


name: modulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


cell-substrate junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


name: epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.


name: positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


name: positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


etioplast organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


DDEL sequence binding

description: Binding to a KDEL sequence, the C terminus tetrapeptide sequence Asp-Asp-Glu-Leu found in proteins that are to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.


phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


actin filament severing

description: The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.


GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.


name: growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

description: The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.


name: protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine

description: A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.


regulation of metanephros size

description: Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.


fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.


T cell migration

description: The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


name: multivesicular body membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


cellular ketone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.


name: protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.


name: N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


maltose synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.


butanoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


hydroxylysine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.


name: regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


name: translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm

description: The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


gibberellin mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.


proctolin receptor activity

description: Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


name: tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

description: The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


description: An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.


maintenance of pigment granule location

description: Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


name: negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


name: regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.


name: carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


name: putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.


name: spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


achromobactin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


peptidyl-lysine crotonylation

description: The crotonylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Crotonyl is the univalent radical CH3-CH=CH-CO- derived from crotonic acid.


name: spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


optic cup structural organization

description: The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.


kojic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.


name: protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.


pigment granule maturation

description: Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


NK T cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


response to Gram-negative bacterium

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium.


rhythmic behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 3-phosphate + UDP + H+.


name: mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


name: ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction.


bacteriocin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


name: transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity

description: Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


name: negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


L-ascorbic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.


name: positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


name: mitochondrion targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrion targeting sequence, a specific peptide sequence that acts as a signal to localize the protein within the mitochondrion.


beta-carotene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.


delamination

description: The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


name: mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


name: trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.


glucagon processing

description: The formation of mature glucagon by proteolysis of the precursor proglucagon.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-solanine + UDP-L-rhamnose = solanine + UDP.


name: hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


3'-flap endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


name: adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).


name: negative regulation of lysozyme activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


name: apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

description: Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


name: phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phosphate ions from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.


name: negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


name: activation-induced B cell apoptotic process

description: B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.


name: protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division following cytokinesis.


guanosine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanosine = ADP + GMP.


name: cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


microtubule sliding

description: The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.


male sex determination

description: The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


name: regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.


leukocyte aggregation

description: The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.


pigment cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H+ = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H2O.


name: positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


name: histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone H1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.


cyclohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring.


IMP cyclohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


arginine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Enables the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an amino group of an arginine residue.


name: prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis

description: The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

description: The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH4.


autophagosome-membrane adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a target membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


name: positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


plasminogen activation

description: The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


lateral root formation

description: The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


volume-sensitive anion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


oculomotor nerve morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


name: transitional stage B cell differentiation

description: The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


(+)-beta-chamigrene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-beta-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


lipoprotein releasing activity

description: The activity of recognizing mature outer membrane lipoproteins in the inner membrane and releasing from the inner membrane so that they can be transported across the periplasmic space to their target location, the outer membrane. This function exists in diderm bacteria, mediated by the LolCDE complex.


name: regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


regulation of ribonuclease activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ribonuclease activity, catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in chains of RNA.


name: endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


methionine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


name: positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


cysteine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-cysteine + tRNA(Cys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys).


name: tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.


name: regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


name: trigeminal nerve structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


tripeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


name: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.


NADH oxidation

description: A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.


name: aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: negative regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


insecticide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


cephamycin C biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.


name: sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.


hexitol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


name: light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.


response to bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


name: DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

description: A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.


sesquithujene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) = 7-epi-sesquithujene + diphosphoric acid.


membrane protein dislocase activity

description: The activity of removing a protein from a membrane, by binding to a transmembrane helical fragment of a tail-anchored protein and releasing it from the the hydrophobic region of one or both lipid bilayers. The reaction is driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


glycolate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of myelination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


germ tube formation

description: Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

description: The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to phosphatidylethanolamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.


name: regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


glutamate racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.


sex determination

description: Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


trichoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.


L-dopa metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-dopa.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.


name: positive regulation of basidium development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


galanin receptor activity

description: Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to isobutanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.


atrazine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.


codeinone reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + H+ + NADPH.


name: negative regulation of mesoderm development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


name: fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane

description: Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.


deoxycytidine salvage

description: Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glutamate-ethylamine ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host chloroplast

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


response to diethyl maleate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:acyl-CoA + glycerophosphocholine = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


metula development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.


acetophenone carboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.


interleukin-17 production

description: The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: positive regulation of oligopeptide transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of blood circulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H+ + UDP.


protein deglycosylation

description: The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.


protein delipidation

description: The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein.


3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.


sperm competition

description: Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.


cardiac fibroblast cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


name: positive regulation of cholesterol efflux

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


response to nematicide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.


intramembranous ossification

description: Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


ITP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.


name: regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


protein localization to presynapse

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


endopolyphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.


name: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.


lung lobe formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


name: antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


name: Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity

description: Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.


name: choline:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


name: establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane.


presynaptic active zone organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.


name: cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.


menaquinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


cellular response to hyperoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


peptidyl-arginine deglycation

description: The removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from an arginine residue of a glycated protein.


Pup ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S = X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


membrane raft polarization

description: The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


cardiac septum development

description: The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


response to inositol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.


name: regulation of activated T cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.


bacillithiol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacillithiol, the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. Bacillithiol, produced widely in the Firmicutes and sporadically in other bacterial lineages, is a low-molecular-weight thiol analogous to mycothiol in the Actinomycetes and glutathione in many species.


name: negative regulation of pre-B cell receptor expression

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells.


name: positive regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of process in another organism

description: The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.


atrioventricular canal development

description: The progression of the atrioventricular canal over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The atrioventricular canal is the part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.


biotin-protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.


glycosulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O = D-glucose + H+ + sulfate.


name: D-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-aspartate from one side of a membrane to the other.


glycine N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal processing and presentation of a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + chorismate = 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate + L-glutamate. It is composed of two enzymatic activities (which may be present on one or two polypeptides); the first is a glutaminase which yields ammonia from glutamine, releasing glutamate. The ammonia is used by the second activity which catalyzes the amination of chorismate to form 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate.


name: transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase II promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H+ + nicotinate.


female urethra development

description: The progression of the female urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The female urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body, exiting above the vaginal opening.


gastrin receptor activity

description: Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-propargylglycine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


name: positive regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


protein localization to axon

description: A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


name: positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


name: regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


embryo sac development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + Glu(-Cys)(n)-Gly = Gly + Glu(-Cys)(n+1)-Gly.


cell-cell signaling via exosome

description: Cell-cell signaling in which the ligand is carried between cells by an exosome.


name: regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


dolichol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate + 2 H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3.


cyanuric acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate + CO2.


CUT metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), which are transcribed from intergenic regions. Many intergenic regions are heavily transcribed, but the transcripts are rarely detected due to rapid degradation by the nuclear exosome.


name: GTP-dependent polydeoxyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-DNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-DNA.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate.


name: epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart that arises from the epicardium and secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


opheline kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoethyl methyl phosphate = N'-phosphoguanidinoethyl methylphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


intracellular pH elevation

description: Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


melanocortin receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: phenotypic switching in response to host

description: A reversible switch of a cell from one phenotype to another that occurs upon infection of a host or host cell. For example, Candida albicans switches from a unicellular form to an invasive multicellular filamentous form upon infection of host tissue. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


toluene-4-sulfonate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


response to dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


acetylcholine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


name: positive regulation of male germ cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol + CMP + H+.


name: nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, down a concentration gradient

description: Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, down the concentration gradient.


DNA/RNA hybrid annealing activity

description: An activity that facilitates the base-pairing of single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA resulting in the formation of R-loops.


IMP binding

description: Binding to IMP, inosine monophosphate.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages of neoagaro-oligosaccharides that are smaller than a hexamer, yielding 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose and D-galactose.


name: positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


hair cycle process

description: A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


decanoate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + decanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + decanoyl-CoA.


protein K6-linked deubiquitination

description: A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


name: negative regulation of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of dermatome development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O + succinyl-CoA = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


methylmercury metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species.


name: carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin = CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


fruit replum development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit replum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit replum is a portion of fruit placenta tissue that divides a fruit into two or more chambers and develops from a replum.


name: regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


sinoatrial node cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


name: regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis.


BBSome binding

description: Binding to a BBSome complex.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a PAMP signaling pathway in its host organism, initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apyrase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + 2 H2O = a ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + 2 phosphate. This reaction consists of two distinct successive phosphate-releasing steps, with NDPs as intermediates. Apyrases are active against both di- and triphosphate nucleotides (NDPs and NTPs) and hydrolyze NTPs to nucleotide monophosphates (NMPs).


GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity

description: Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: excitatory chemical synaptic transmission

description: Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.


name: mRNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase activity

description: A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate.


name: 3-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


name: cellular response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


name: regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam = D-2-aminohexano-6-lactam.


name: positive regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + reduced acceptor = benzothiazole + hydrogen sulfide + oxidized acceptor.


name: (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-secoisolariciresinol monoglucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = (+)-secoisolariciresinol diglucoside + UDP + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D- and (1->6)-alpha-D- linkages in mannan, releasing D-mannose.


hemoglobin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.


name: cytokinin riboside 5'-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + H2O = N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O + H+ = S-inosyl-L-homocysteine + NH4.


response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


osteoclast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes.


ethanol binding

description: Binding to ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH.


snRNA (adenine-N6)-methylation

description: The posttranscriptional N6-methylation of an adenine residue in an snRNA molecule.


tetrose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


name: negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

description: Any process that decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


dorsal closure

description: The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine + 2 H2O = 1-nitro-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diol.


name: oxalate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oxalate from one side of a membrane to the other. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.


name: regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.


trigeminal nerve formation

description: The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


shamixanthone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shamixanthone.


leptotene

description: The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible.


name: insulin-responsive glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+, in response to a stimulus by insulin. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


name: negative regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside + H2O = 6-O-methyl-N-deacetylisoipecoside aglycon + beta-D-glucose.


name: regulation of pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases.


name: epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland cord. Epithelial cells of the mammary cord give it its funnel-like shape and some are cornified.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.