nitrogen utilization

description: A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


interleukin-22 receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


response to carbohydrate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.


acylagmatine amidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H2O = agmatine + benzoate.


RNA cap 4 binding

description: Binding to a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.


lymphotoxin A production

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


posterior neuropore closure

description: The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


name: positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


methylnaphthalene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


name: ABC-type amino acid transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).


aurone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.


name: regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


tuberculosinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.


response to host pH environment

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of artery morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


name: regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


deoxyguanosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


name: positive regulation of proline import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


name: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase activity (NAD(P)H)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


peptidyl-alanine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-alanine.


negative regulation of cell volume

description: Any process that decreases cell volume.


cellular response to carbon monoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.


dGDP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


name: asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.


ketone body catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.


name: positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


name: positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


diacylglycerol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


name: cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

description: The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


fatty alcohol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.


helvolic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.


name: modulation by symbiont of entry into host

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


name: stalled replication fork localization to nuclear periphery

description: A cellular localization process where a DNA replication fork that has stalled is signaled to relocate and anchor to the nuclear periphery for the time necessary to complete recombination-dependent replication.


name: negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-xylose + NADP+ = H+ + L-xylono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.


response to methyl methanesulfonate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


cellular response to magnetism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


name: negative regulation of neuron differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


name: nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

description: The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.


cellular response to interleukin-6

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


regulation of viral life cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


podocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


locomotory behavior

description: The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.


cell wall organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


name: arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of nigerotriose transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


forebrain astrocyte development

description: The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


name: negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


intestinal absorption

description: A process in which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.


name: protein localization to cell-cell junction

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.


name: cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


male analia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


hepatic stellate cell activation

description: A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


dopamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.


sequestering of triglyceride

description: The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


name: negative regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.


name: 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.


rDNA chromatin condensation

description: The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.


name: toluene-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


cyanophore differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


exit from reproductive diapause

description: The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


far-red light photoreceptor activity

description: The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


name: germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal

description: The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.


regulation of steroid metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


box H/ACA sno(s)RNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


name: acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.


response to caloric restriction

description: A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


name: uridine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

description: Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


neutrophil apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


chemotaxis to folate

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


name: regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


name: metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsorubin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.


instar larval or pupal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


name: anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.


diterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


name: modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


Sertoli cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.


Rap protein signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase of the Rap subfamily relays a signal.


name: cell proliferation involved in heart valve development

description: Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.


response to tellurium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


name: glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


name: regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


homoiothermy

description: Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.


notochord cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


name: histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


pyruvate oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling

description: An intracellular signaling cassette in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


name: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


cellular response to N-phenylthiourea

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


name: positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


name: regulation of Rab protein signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.


name: regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

description: Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


name: positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


GMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.


L-lysine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

description: The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


name: cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

description: The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.


bone marrow development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


name: positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


phosphomevalonate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H+.


name: mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


name: regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


name: tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

description: The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.


lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


palmatine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


name: positive regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


cellular response to cyclosporin A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


name: regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.


pore complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


name: Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


inulin binding

description: Binding to inulin.


name: posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


TSC1-TSC2 complex binding

description: Binding to a TSC1-TSC2 complex.


L-lysine 6-transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.


name: histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


name: regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


name: transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter

description: A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


name: negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.


retinal rod cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


name: regulation of flagellated sperm motility

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


regulation of glucose import

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


detoxification of zinc ion

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


name: anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

description: The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


name: thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin-dithiol + NADP+ = thioredoxin-disulfide + H+ + NADPH.


name: negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


name: negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


name: adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

description: An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


amine binding

description: Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


beta-glucuronidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


name: double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

description: An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment.


osmosensor activity

description: Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid modification

description: The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


name: metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


name: regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


name: anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

description: Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


gonadal mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.


description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


name: arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


mammary gland epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


name: pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


mRNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

description: The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.


name: negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


4-methyleneglutaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.


name: positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


name: protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

description: An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.


name: cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


labyrinthine layer formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


superior olivary nucleus formation

description: The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


name: negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


fraxetin 5-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalyzes the reaction fraxetin+ NAD(P)H + 02= sideretin + NAD(P)(+) + H20.


regulation of cell morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.


name: negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


name: positive regulation of motor neuron migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


name: lipid modification by small protein conjugation

description: A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid.


name: negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


n-octane oxidation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.


name: Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


name: protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization

description: Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.


menaquinone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


name: regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


name: negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

description: Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


deoxyinosine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


name: regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


negative regulation of cell division

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


name: negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


determination of stimulus intensity

description: The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.


negative regulation of heart induction

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


name: negative regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.


cellular response to interleukin-32

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


lung saccule development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


name: negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


name: telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

description: Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


translocation of molecules into host

description: The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


tonic skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.


beta-L-rhamnosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.


11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinol + NADP = 11-cis-retinal + NADPH + H+.


name: positive regulation of eosinophil migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


name: transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


name: coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


name: pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction

description: Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.


queuosine salvage

description: Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


lymph vessel development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lymph vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


neuropore closure

description: The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.


name: positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


acetate kinase (diphosphate) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.


name: 12-demethyl-elloramycin C12a O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 12-demethyl-elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


leaf vascular tissue pattern formation

description: Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.


pentalenolactone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.


retinal pigment epithelium development

description: The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

description: The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


adamantanone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


pH reduction

description: Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


angioblast cell migration

description: The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


name: negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


name: alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


name: bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication

description: The process that mediates interactions between a bundle of His cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the bundle of His cell communicating with a Purkinje myocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a demethylmenaquinol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a menaquinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + H+ + UDP.


hindbrain morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


name: response to arsenic-containing substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.


raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.


response to UV-C

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


name: positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

description: Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.


icosanoid receptor activity

description: Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.


cathasterone hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = teasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


kidney rudiment formation

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.


cellular response to kainic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.


regulation of tube lumen cavitation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


name: glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.


aconitate delta-isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.


phenol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-phosphate = XH + phenylphosphate.


name: maintenance of protein localization at cell tip

description: Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the cell tip.


plastid chromosome packaging

description: A process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


phyllotactic patterning

description: The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.


ceramide kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.


name: negative regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


suture of dorsal opening

description: Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.


photoperiodism, flowering

description: A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


name: structural constituent of presynaptic active zone

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.


4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.


cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


name: modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


name: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.


mammary gland specification

description: The regionalization process in which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


posterior head segmentation

description: Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


name: dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


name: negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


name: cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


stem cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular response to hesperadin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


name: 23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


acetylspermidine deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

description: Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


programmed necrotic cell death

description: A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


vanadium ion binding

description: Binding to a vanadium ion (V).


name: cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


generation of ovulation cycle rhythm

description: The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.


cellular response to linoleic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of hydrogen peroxide through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


plant-type cell wall modification

description: The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


name: regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

description: The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


name: glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


name: positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoadipate + H+ + N(6)-[(R)-lipoyl]-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] = CO2 + N(6)-[(R)-S(8)-glutaryldihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase].


response to corticosteroid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.


name: flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


cellopentaose binding

description: Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


name: ATP-dependent protein disaggregase activity

description: An ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity that mediates the solubilization of ordered protein aggregates.


deglucuronidation

description: The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


prolactin secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


name: protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


name: regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by an endocannabinoid.


cellular response to type II interferon

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

description: Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


name: regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H+ + NADPH.


ESCRT III complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.


name: blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

description: The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


name: potassium channel activating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds activation of a potassium ion channel.


name: regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


regulation of glutamate secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


cell wall thickening

description: A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


name: iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: spinal cord motor neuron differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


glial cell development

description: The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


name: regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


name: branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

description: The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


name: metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


otic vesicle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tyrosine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


name: ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: peroxisome membrane targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane.


name: antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation

description: The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.


name: lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


name: nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


sieve cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


alkane 1-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.


hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.


name: negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


K11-linked deubiquitinase activity

description: Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.


tartrate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.


name: oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

description: The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


name: zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

description: The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


name: maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

description: The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


name: membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


pteridine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


response to staurosporine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


name: positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

description: Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


aerobic fructose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.


FACT complex binding

description: Binding to a FACT complex.


(-)-microperfuranone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.


steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.


cholesterol storage

description: The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


name: positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of glutamine transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


hepatic stellate cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


optokinetic behavior

description: The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


protein prenyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


regulation of neuroblast migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


regulation of floral organ abscission

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


name: positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


name: outer mitochondrial membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


response to methanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


negative regulation of sporulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.


name: antisense RNA transcript catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antisense transcripts, i.e. transcripts that were produced from the antisense strand of a gene that produces a gene product and which often have a regulatory effect on the transcription of that gene product.


name: negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


sulfate assimilation

description: The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


prosthetic group catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


name: rhamnose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


interleukin-2 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


natural killer cell tolerance induction

description: Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.


floral whorl structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


name: biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. The glycyll-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a glycine-accepting tRNA.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host translation

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts translation of mRNA into protein in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


granulosa cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


name: negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


name: alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen

description: The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


name: negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


ent-kaurene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.


name: achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.


name: negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


name: deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


trichome patterning

description: The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.


ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


name: regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


name: benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


regulation of sclerotium development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


pyrrolysine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


name: dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


polyol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


name: regulation of protein kinase A signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


name: abscisic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of abscisic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


alanine-oxo-acid transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.


name: regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


iprodione metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-12 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.


name: omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an omega-hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a omega-hydroxyacyl-CoA.


name: 8-oxo-dADP diphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-dADP + H2O = 8-oxo-dAMP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


GTP guanylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP + H+ = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H+.


sorbose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


name: carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP = L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + 1,4-butanediammonium + NADPH + H+.


description: The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


columbamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O.


name: formation of translation preinitiation complex

description: The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


gonad morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.


abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.


phytochelatin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


pole cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ciliary transition zone assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone.


cellular response to acidic pH

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


name: negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


large intestinal transit

description: Migration of ingested material along the length of the large intestine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H+ = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO2.


monensin A catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.


ocellus pigment granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O.


lateral inhibition

description: Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.


embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.


name: regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.