stem cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.


neural crest cell development

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


positive regulation of cell motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


name: positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


vasculogenesis

description: The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


regulation of cell motility

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


ameboidal-type cell migration

description: Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


regulation of filopodium assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


name: anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis

description: The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


regulation of cell projection assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.


name: positive regulation of cellular component organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.


stem cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


neural crest cell migration

description: The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.


wound healing

description: The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


name: DNA MISMATCH REPAIR PROTEIN  MLH, PMS, MUTL


pyrophosphatase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.


ATP-dependent activity

description: A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains phosphorus.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride.


ATP hydrolysis activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + H+ phosphate. ATP hydrolysis is used in some reactions as an energy source, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


name: ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


DNA repair

description: The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


mismatch repair

description: A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.


name: nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

description: Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


nucleic acid metabolic process

description: Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


DNA damage response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.


cellular response to stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


DNA metabolic process

description: Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.


supramolecular complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


neuronal cell body

description: The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


cytosol

description: The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


supramolecular fiber

description: A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


supramolecular polymer

description: A polymeric supramolecular structure.


polymeric cytoskeletal fiber

description: A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


non-membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


microtubule associated complex

description: Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.


cell body

description: The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.


microtubule cytoskeleton

description: The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.


cytoskeleton

description: A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


microtubule

description: Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.


cytoskeletal protein binding

description: Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).


microtubule binding

description: Binding to a microtubule, a filament composed of tubulin monomers.


tubulin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.


actin binding

description: Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.


regulation of microtubule-based process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.


microtubule cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


regulation of cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


name: regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


regulation of organelle organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.


name: regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


name: regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


name: regulation of supramolecular fiber organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.


microtubule-based process

description: Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


regulation of protein depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization.


name: OLFACTORY RECEPTOR 8G3 PSEUDOGENE-RELATED


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4 GAMMA


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4 GAMMA 2


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4 GAMMA 1


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4 GAMMA 3


description: A protein-containing complex located intracellularly.


translation regulator activity

description: Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


translation initiation factor activity

description: Functions in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


mRNA binding

description: Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


name: translation regulator activity, nucleic acid binding

description: Any selective and non-covalent interaction with a nucleic acid involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


name: translation factor activity, RNA binding

description: Functions during translation by binding to RNA during polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL TYPE A SUBUNIT ALPHA-1


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 5 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 2 SUBUNIT ALPHA-RELATED


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 8 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1G


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 1 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1D


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1I


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 10 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT P_Q-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1A


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 7 SUBUNIT ALPHA-RELATED


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 4 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1C


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1F


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT L-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1S


name: SODIUM CHANNEL PROTEIN TYPE 11 SUBUNIT ALPHA


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT R-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1E


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1H


name: VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT N-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-1B


membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.


sodium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.


monoatomic ion channel complex

description: A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective monoatomic ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


transporter complex

description: A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


plasma membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.


transmembrane transporter complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.


calcium channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.


cation channel complex

description: An ion channel complex through which cations pass.


Nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


name: Beta2 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway


name: calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a monoatomic cation through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon.


calcium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of sodium ions (Na+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: metal ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of metal ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


sodium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


name: inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


blood circulation

description: The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


actin filament-based movement

description: Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


name: inorganic cation transmembrane transport

description: A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


action potential

description: A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.


inorganic ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an inorganic ion is transported across a membrane.


calcium ion transport

description: The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


actin filament-based process

description: Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


name: cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction

description: An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction.


monoatomic cation transport

description: The directed movement of a monoatomic cation, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


metal ion transport

description: The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


calcium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


cardiac muscle contraction

description: Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.


heart contraction

description: The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


striated muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.


circulatory system process

description: A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.


calcium ion import

description: The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


sodium ion transport

description: The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a monoatomic ion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


name: calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol

description: A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


import into cell

description: The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


name: monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a monoatomic cation is transported across a membrane. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


heart process

description: A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


muscle system process

description: A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


sodium ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.


name: LIGAND-DEPENDENT NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-INTERACTING FACTOR 1


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E RELATED


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E TYPE 2


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E TYPE 1B


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 4E TYPE 3


RNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


translation

description: The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.


amide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


peptide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


name: VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN VPS25


name: VACUOLAR PROTEIN-SORTING-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25


endosome

description: A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.


endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.


identical protein binding

description: Binding to an identical protein or proteins.


endosomal transport

description: The directed movement of substances mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials enclosed in the lumen or located in the endosomal membrane.


protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


name: late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the vacuole.


name: organonitrogen compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organonitrogen compound.


late endosome to vacuole transport

description: The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.


name: protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


name: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


name: modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.


catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.


name: proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.


macromolecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


name: establishment of protein localization to vacuole

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


name: modification-dependent protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.


vacuolar transport

description: The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.


protein localization to vacuole

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.


name: establishment of protein localization to organelle

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process in which transmembrane proteins are ubiquitylated to facilitate their entry into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs); upon subsequent fusion of MVBs with lysosomes or vacuoles, the cargo proteins are degraded.


name: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.


name: endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.


intracellular protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.


transporter regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a transporter.


transmembrane transporter binding

description: Binding to a transmembrane transporter, a protein or protein complex that enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


channel regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


cell-cell adhesion

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.


cell adhesion

description: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.


name: regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


regulation of sodium ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of metal ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of localization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


name: regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


regulation of transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


name: regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.


name: regulation of transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.


regulation of monoatomic ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of transporter activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter.


name: regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


myelination

description: The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


name: LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA FACTOR


name: CELL DEATH-INDUCING P53-TARGET PROTEIN 1


lytic vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


vacuolar membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


late endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.


vacuole

description: A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


lytic vacuole

description: A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.


lysosomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


lysosome

description: A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


late endosome

description: A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


cation binding

description: Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.


metal ion binding

description: Binding to a metal ion.


ion binding

description: Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.


small molecule binding

description: Binding to a small molecule, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


zinc ion binding

description: Binding to a zinc ion (Zn).


transition metal ion binding

description: Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


regulation of cytokine production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


programmed cell death

description: A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell.


name: signal transduction by p53 class mediator

description: An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.


apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).


apoptotic process

description: A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


cell death

description: Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: CELLULAR RETINOIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN 1


name: CELLULAR RETINOIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN 2


name: FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN 5-LIKE PROTEIN 3-RELATED


fatty acid binding

description: Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


carboxylic acid binding

description: Binding to a carboxylic acid, an organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


lipid binding

description: Binding to a lipid.


organic acid binding

description: Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


anion binding

description: Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.


monocarboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fatty acid transport

description: The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


organic acid transport

description: The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


carboxylic acid transport

description: The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


lipid localization

description: Any process in which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


lipid transport

description: The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


long-chain fatty acid transport

description: The directed movement of a long-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: TRANSITIONAL ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ATPASE


name: endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex

description: A protein complex that is part of an endoplasmic reticulum.


peroxisomal membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.


peroxisome

description: A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.


microbody

description: Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon post-translation modification of the target protein.


name: polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein.


mitotic spindle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.


macroautophagy

description: The autophagic process that proceeds via the formation of an autophagosome.


cell cycle process

description: The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.


name: microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis

description: Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis.


mitotic cell cycle process

description: A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle.


process utilizing autophagic mechanism

description: A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


mitotic cell cycle

description: Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.


cellular component disassembly

description: A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.


spindle organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


autophagosome maturation

description: Removal of PI3P and Atg8/LC3 after the closure of the phagophore and before the fusion with the endosome/lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects) or vacuole (yeast), and that very likely destabilizes other Atg proteins and thus enables their efficient dissociation and recycling.


cellular catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


protein-containing complex disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components.


name: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


ERAD pathway

description: The protein catabolic pathway which targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. It begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.


response to organonitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


organelle disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.


response to nitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


protein-containing complex organization

description: Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.


cell cycle

description: The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.


autophagy

description: The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest cellular materials, such as organelles and other macromolecular constituents, or non-self materials such as intracellular pathogens. Autophagy serves to provide essential nutrients under conditions of cellular stress; or can remodel intracellular structures during cell differentiation.


name: intracellular protein transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein import into peroxisome matrix

description: The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported. The cargo protein is then released into the peroxisome matrix.


protein transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a protein is transported across a membrane.


name: protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle

description: The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane.


peroxisome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


name: catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid

description: Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid.


catalytic activity, acting on RNA

description: Catalytic activity that acts to modify RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.


tRNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.


RNA metabolic process

description: The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.


tRNA processing

description: The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.


RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.


RNA splicing

description: The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


name: tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

description: Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


name: RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 16


name: RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 19


name: RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 15


name: RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 26


name: positive regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


regulation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


positive regulation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.


activation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.


name: positive regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


regulation of hydrolase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.


regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.


name: positive regulation of hydrolase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


name: regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


name: regulation of actin filament-based process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.


name: Angiotensin II-stimulated signaling through G proteins and beta-arrestin


peptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


name: serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


peptidase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


endopeptidase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes nonterminal peptide bonds in polypeptides.


endopeptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase.


regulation of proteolysis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


name: negative regulation of hydrolase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


name: negative regulation of biological process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


name: negative regulation of peptidase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


name: negative regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


name: negative regulation of metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


name: negative regulation of protein metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.


negative regulation of proteolysis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.


name: negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


regulation of peptidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


name: negative regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.


name: negative regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


negative regulation of gene expression

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: negative regulation of cellular metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


name: regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.


regulation of angiogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


name: regulation of multicellular organismal development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.


name: negative regulation of multicellular organismal process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


regulation of wound healing

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


regulation of vasculature development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.


negative regulation of cellular process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


name: regulation of response to external stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.


name: negative regulation of biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


name: negative regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


regulation of response to stress

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


regulation of response to wounding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.


name: negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


name: negative regulation of response to external stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.


negative regulation of angiogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


name: negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


regulation of apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of programmed cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


extracellular matrix organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.


name: external encapsulating structure organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.


collagen fibril organization

description: Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.


extracellular structure organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


presynaptic membrane

description: A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.


extrinsic component of membrane

description: The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


cell leading edge

description: The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.


lamellipodium

description: A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.


postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


presynaptic active zone

description: A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


axon terminus

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.


neuron projection terminus

description: The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


distal axon

description: That part of an axon close to and including the growth cone or the axon terminus.


tight junction

description: A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


bicellular tight junction

description: An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.


apical junction complex

description: A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.


cell adhesion molecule binding

description: Binding to a cell adhesion molecule.


beta-catenin binding

description: Binding to a catenin beta subunit.


phosphatase binding

description: Binding to a phosphatase.


enzyme binding

description: Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity.


protein phosphatase binding

description: Binding to a protein phosphatase.


cell-cell junction assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.


name: cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


synapse assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).


cell junction assembly

description: A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.


adherens junction organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


synaptic membrane adhesion

description: The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


name: GEMININ COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


negative regulation of cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


regulation of DNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.


regulation of cell cycle

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


name: negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

description: Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


name: negative regulation of DNA metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.


catalytic activity, acting on DNA

description: Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA.


DNA nuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


nuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


execution phase of apoptosis

description: A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


DNA catabolic process

description: The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.


name: nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


ESCRT I complex

description: An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.


ubiquitin-like protein binding

description: Binding to a small conjugating protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein.


ubiquitin binding

description: Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.


name: PERSULFIDE DIOXYGENASE ETHE1, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from one donor, and two oxygen atoms is incorporated into a donor.


oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.


dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.


sulfur compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


name: cellular modified amino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


glutathione metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.


name: MEIOSIS EXPRESSED GENE 1 PROTEIN HOMOLOG


name: OLFACTORY RECEPTOR FAMILY 1 SUBFAMILY R MEMBER 1 PSEUDOGENE


name: ZINC FINGER SWIM DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: ZINC FINGER SWIM DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3


name: CBY1-INTERACTING BAR DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN HOMOLOG


name: CBY1-INTERACTING BAR DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: CBY1-INTERACTING BAR DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


microtubule organizing center

description: An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.


ciliary basal body

description: A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodeling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.


cilium

description: A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.


ciliary transition zone

description: A region of the cilium between the basal body and proximal segment that is characterized by Y-shaped assemblages that connect axonemal microtubules to the ciliary membrane. The ciliary transition zone appears to function as a gate that controls ciliary membrane composition and separates the cytosol from the ciliary plasm.


organelle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


cilium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


cilium assembly

description: The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

description: Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


cell projection assembly

description: Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


molecular function activator activity

description: A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


signaling receptor activator activity

description: The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


receptor ligand activity

description: The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may also be expressed at the plasma membrane of an adjacent cell (e.g. Notch ligands) or be secreted and diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell (e.g. interleukins).


signaling receptor regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.


protein kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


protein kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


enzyme activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme.


kinase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


name: regulation of protein modification process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


name: regulation of phosphate metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


protein-containing complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.


activation of protein kinase activity

description: Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.


name: positive regulation of protein modification process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


name: regulation of phosphorus metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


name: positive regulation of transferase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


regulation of kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


name: positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


regulation of protein kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.


positive regulation of phosphorylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


name: positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.


name: positive regulation of protein metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.


name: positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


name: positive regulation of protein kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.


regulation of protein phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.


positive regulation of kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


regulation of transferase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


regulation of phosphorylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.


name: SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE/REDUCTASE FAMILY 9C


name: 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2


name: DEHYDROGENASE_REDUCTASE SDR FAMILY MEMBER 9


name: SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE_REDUCTASE FAMILY 9C MEMBER 7


name: 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 6


name: 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 2


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


name: all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol--[retinol-binding protein] + NAD+ = all-trans-retinal--[retinol-binding protein] + H+ + NADH. Recognizes the substrate both in free form and when bound to cellular-retinol-binding-protein (CRBP1), but has higher affinity for the bound form.


lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.


steroid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


diterpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


retinoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


cellular lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


isoprenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


terpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.


name: BIOGENESIS OF LYSOSOME-RELATED ORGANELLES COMPLEX 1 SUBUNIT 1


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


name: positive regulation of cell population proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


regulation of T cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


name: positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


regulation of cell activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


name: regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


name: response to molecule of bacterial origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


name: negative regulation of T cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


response to oxygen-containing compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


name: negative regulation of T cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


cellular response to biotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


response to lipopolysaccharide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


negative regulation of cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


positive regulation of cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.


name: positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


cellular response to lipopolysaccharide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


name: negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


response to lipid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


name: positive regulation of T cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


cellular response to lipid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


name: cellular response to oxygen-containing compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


response to bacterium

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


name: negative regulation of cell population proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


regulation of immune system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


regulation of cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.


regulation of lymphocyte activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


name: regulation of cell population proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of immune system process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


negative regulation of cell activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.


name: cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


regulation of T cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


name: regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of T cell activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


name: negative regulation of immune system process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


regulation of leukocyte proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


name: positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


name: COLLAGEN TRIPLE HELIX REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


organic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


oxoacid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


name: monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.


icosanoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


icosanoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


lipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


organic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).


carboxylic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


prostaglandin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.