name: inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.


name: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol pentakisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.


myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myosin light-chain phosphate + H2O = myosin light chain + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.


name: cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


name: calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


NADP phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ = NAD+ + phosphate.


polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'end (2'-deoxyribonucleotide 3'-phosphate)-DNA + H2O = a 3'-end 2'-deoxyribonucleotide-DNA + phosphate.


name: inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


myosin phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomyosin + H2O = myosin + phosphate.


5'-deoxynucleotidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + H2O = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.


2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate + H2O = (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


name: protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, via thiol-phosphate intermediate

description: The catalysis of phosphate removal from a phosphotyrosine using cysteine as a nucleophile and proceed by means of a thiol-phosphate intermediate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate + H2O = S-methyl-1-thio-D-glycerate + phosphate.


glucose-6-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: [glycogen-synthase D] + H2O = [glycogen-synthase I] + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: [acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = 4'-phosphopantetheine + apoprotein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ADP-2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 3-ADP-glycerate + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.


FMN hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FMN + H2O = phosphate + riboflavin.


glycerol-1-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol-1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myoinositol = 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate + glycerol.


name: [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [isocitrate dehydrogenase] phosphate + H2O = [isocitrate dehydrogenase] + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylglycerol phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + glycerol 3-phosphate.


name: D-ribose 2,5-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + D-ribofuranose 2,5-bisphosphate = hydrogenphosphate + D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate.


4-phytase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O = (13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-ol + diphosphate.


name: inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


lipid phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.


name: diphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a diphosphoester, releasing a diphosphate and a free hydroxyl group.


JUN kinase phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H2O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H+.


name: inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


alkaline phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


name: phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


name: RNA 2',3'-cyclic 3'-phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis the reaction: a 3'-end 2',3'-cyclophospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + H2O = a 3'-end 2'-phospho-ribonucleotide-RNA + H+.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine/threonine (consensus YSPTSPS) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


name: inositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + phosphocholine.


fructose-1-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructofuranose + hydrogenphosphate.


sucrose-phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose 6F-phosphate + H2O = sucrose + phosphate.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 7) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


protein adenylylhydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.


name: inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


NMN phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide (NMN-) + H2O = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside (nicotinamide ribose, NmR) + phosphate.


phosphoric triester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphoric triester.


mannitol-1-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + H2O = D-mannitol + 2 H+ + phosphate.


name: [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate = phosphate + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)].


sugar-terminal-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.


prenyl-diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + prenol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + mannose.


[pyruvate kinase]-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate kinase] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate kinase] + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.


thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannosylglycoprotein = D-mannosylglycoprotein + D-glucose-alpha-1-phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + H2O = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + CMP-N-acylneuraminate = N-acylneuraminate + CMP.


name: neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in a neutral environment.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate = hydrogenphosphate + an ecdysteroid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


name: calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


name: 3',5'-nucleotide bisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-nucleoside bisphosphate + H20 = 5'-nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.


name: GPI-mannose ethanolamine phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

description: A phosphoric diester hydrolase activity that removes the ethanolamine phosphate from mannose 2 of a GPI anchor.


name: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phosphonato-alpha-D-ribose cyclic-1,2-phosphate + H2O = D-ribofuranose 2,5-bisphosphate + H+.


name: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + phosphate.


L-phosphoserine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + H2O = L-serine + phosphate, on a free amino acid.


XMP 5'-nucleosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'XMP + H20 = phosphate + xanthosine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5,6-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4,6-bisphosphate + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H+.


name: calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


description: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate) + phosphate.


name: cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


name: glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.


name: L-threonine O-3-phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H2O = L-threonine + hydrogenphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


alpha-ribazole phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H2O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


3-phytase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+.


heparin biosynthetic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


name: positive regulation of autophagic cell death

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


4-nitrophenol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.


4-nitrophenol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.


gibberellin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:guanosine(26) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N(2)-dimethylguanosine(26) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.


4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde + 2 H2O = 4-chlorobenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


AP-1 adaptor complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


clathrin adaptor complex

description: A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.


AP-2 adaptor complex

description: A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


name: mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


C-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H+ + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO2 + CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA.


fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA + CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = cephalosporin C + CoA.


glycine C-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA.


formate C-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + formate = CoA + pyruvate.


C-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.


C-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


name: negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


oxidized purine DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


oxidized DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized pyrimidine residue.


8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA binding

description: Binding to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine an oxidized purine residue found in damaged DNA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


nuclear inner membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.


nuclear membrane fusion

description: The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.


nuclear membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division.


nuclear outer membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.


name: nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change

description: The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.


nuclear membrane reassembly

description: The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process.


sperm nuclear envelope removal

description: Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.


name: nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy

description: The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


name: positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


heterochromatin island

description: A region of facultative heterochromatin formed dynamically at specific loci in response to environmental signals, independently of RNAi.


name: extracellular matrix organization in marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

description: The process that leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix signals in the marginal zone of the developing cerebral cortex. This extracellular matrix controls the movement of migrating cells. In mammals, the matrix is modified by Cajal-Retzius cells.


name: (Z,E)-alpha- farnesene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphoric acid.


wing and notum subfield formation

description: The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.


proplastid

description: The precursor of other plastids.


name: cellular response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.


response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.


response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.


name: cellular response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.


name: metanephric glomerular endothelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros.


glomerular epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


name: mesonephric glomerular epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the mesonephros. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


glomerular endothelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


name: metanephric glomerular epithelium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


diiodophenylpyruvate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.


name: protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity

description: Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


name: NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

description: An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


spinal cord patterning

description: The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


triplex DNA binding

description: Binding to a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.


regulation of myofibril number

description: Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


geissoschizine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geissoschizine + NADP+ = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + H+ + NADPH.


name: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


platelet-derived growth factor complex

description: A protein complex consisting of two chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) subunits. PDGF dimers bind to PDGF receptors in the plasma membrane and induce receptor dimerization and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signaling processes. PDGFs are found in all vertebrates where at least 2 different chains (A and B) exist. In human (and other mammals), four types of PDGF chains (A, B, C, and D) are known which form five different dimers (AA, AB, BB, CC and DD).


growth factor complex

description: A protein complex that has growth factor activity.


name: insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex

description: A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.


name: insulin-like growth factor ternary complex

description: A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


VEGF-A complex

description: A homodimeric, extracellular protein complex containing two VEGF-A monomers. Binds to and activates a receptor tyrosine kinase.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline and CDP-diacylglycerol

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves a one-step direct condensation of choline with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


cellular response to red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


response to red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


response to photoperiod, red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.


name: response to very low fluence red light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


red light signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


name: response to low fluence red light stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.


U5 snRNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


photosynthesis

description: The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.


hydroxynitrilase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxynitrile = cyanide + an aldehyde or ketone.


name: aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + cyanide.


name: aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aromatic aldehyde + cyanide.


hydroxymandelonitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hydrocyanate.


name: aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + hydrogen cyanide.


name: positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


name: folate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Folate derivative (out) + anion (in) = folate derivative (in) + anion (out). The Reduced Folate Carrier (RCF(SLC19A1) acts by an antiport mechanism. RCF carries several folate derivatives: MTX, PMX, ratitrexed, pralatrexate, 5-methyl THF, and 5-formyl THF.


name: octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.


name: anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen.


protein localization to nuclear pore

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore.


name: protein localization to nuclear envelope

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


name: protein localization to nuclear inner membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear inner membrane.


name: protein-glutamic acid ligase activity, elongating

description: Catalytic reaction :(L-glutamyl)n-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ATP + L-glutamate = (L-glutamyl)n+1-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


protein-glutamic acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.


tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.


name: protein-glutamic acid ligase activity, initiating

description: Catalytic reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-glutamyl-[protein] = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + phosphate.


name: ribosomal protein S6 glutamate-glutamate ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + a [protein] C-terminal L-glutamate = ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+ + a [protein] with C-terminal alpha-L-glutamate-alpha-L-glutamate.


name: ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6.


name: development of primary female sexual characteristics

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


HFE-transferrin receptor complex

description: A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.


ABC-type heme transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).


name: deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint

description: A positive regulation of the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition that results from deactivation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint.


name: positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation

description: Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.


name: positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.


description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


name: positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three).


description: A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.


name: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


name: regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


name: positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


carotenoid isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the isomerization of poly-cis-carotenoids to all-trans-carotenoids.


uredinium development

description: The process that leads to the formation of a uredinium, a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


ocellus pigment metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


ocellus pigment catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


ocellus pigment biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


name: negative regulation of spore-bearing organ development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


name: negative regulation of telium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


name: negative regulation of aecium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


name: negative regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


name: negative regulation of oogonium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


name: negative regulation of sporangium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.


name: negative regulation of conidiophore development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


name: negative regulation of oomycete sporangium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


name: negative regulation of cleistothecium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


name: negative regulation of basidium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


name: negative regulation of zygosporangium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


name: negative regulation of ascus development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


name: negative regulation of sporangium germination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


name: negative regulation of phialide development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


name: negative regulation of uredinium development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


receptor clustering activity

description: A protein-protein adaptor that acts as a platform for receptor clustering, often serving to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


parathyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


cyclin D2-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


name: carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex

description: A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.


cyclin D3-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B3-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


name: transforming growth factor beta ligand-receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand.


activin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.


cyclin L-CDK11 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin L and cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


P-TEFb complex

description: A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.


protein kinase 5 complex

description: A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine kinase activity; in mammals composed of catalytic subunit CDK5 and regulatory subunits CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. Contrary to its gene symbol, CDK5 is not cyclin-dependent.


name: cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex

description: A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.


Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.


Gin4 complex

description: A protein complex involved in septin ring formation during mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of BNI5, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, GIN4, NAP1 and SHS1. At least 2 GIN4 molecules are involved.


Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex

description: A protein complex consisting of Atg1 (or Atg1 homologs e.g. ULK1, ULK2 in mammals) and Atg13 along with other proteins that regulate its function (e.g. Atg17 in yeast or RB1CC1(FIP200) in mammals). This complex has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and is involved in autophagosome formation.


protein kinase CK2 complex

description: A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.


name: nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

description: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.


DAPK1-calmodulin complex

description: A serine/threonine protein kinase complex involved in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagic cell death pathways. DAPK1 is activated by the dephosphorylation of a n-terminal serine and calcium-calmodulin binding.


cyclin D1-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


Ire1 complex

description: A type-I transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consisting of an IRE1-IRE1 dimer, which forms in response to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. The dimeric complex has endoribonuclease (RNase) activity and evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR) by cleaving an intron of a mRNA coding for the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast or XBP1 in mammals; the complex cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in each of two RNA hairpins (with non-specific base paired stems and loops of consensus sequence CNCNNGN, where N is any base) to remove an intervening intron from the target transcript.


cyclin A1-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex

description: An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.


name: cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex

description: A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


MPF complex

description: A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E2-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A1-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


DNA-dependent protein kinase complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.


PAR polarity complex

description: A protein kinase complex that is required for the establishment of a cell polarity axis during the cell division cycle. Binds directly to activated CDC42 GTPase and is required for orchestrating a cellular gradient of CDC42. In S. cerevisiae components are: BEM1, CDC24 and CLA4; from worms to vertebrates it contains a PAR6 protein, PAR3 protein and an atypical PKC.


CTDK-1 complex

description: A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).


cyclin A2-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


CKM complex

description: Cyclin-dependent kinase complex which reversibly associates with the Mediator complex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of SSN2, SSN3, SSN8 and SRB8.


cyclin B1-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


IkappaB kinase complex

description: A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


cyclin D1-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


name: cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

description: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.


Pho85-Pho80 CDK-cyclin complex

description: A cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complex that contains a kinase subunit and a regulatory cyclin subunit. An example of this complex in budding yeast S. cerevisiae consists of the Pho85 kinase and the Pho80 cyclin.


cyclin D3-CDK6 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


ABIN2-NFKB1-MAP3K8 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.


cyclin B2-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


phosphorylase kinase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.


cyclin K-CDK12 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A2-CDK1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D2-CDK4 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E1-CDK2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


erythromycin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythromycin.


polyketide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


F-9775A catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775A.


granaticin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of granaticin.


aspyridone A catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone A.


aspyridone B catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspyridone B.


fonsecin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fonsecin.


F-9775B catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775B.


averantin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of averantin.


oxytetracycline catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxytetracycline.


peptidyl-histidine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.


cellular response to inositol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.


agmatine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = N-carbamoylputrescine + NH3.


3'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the conversion of a 3'-deoxyribose phosphate in DNA to a 3'-phosphate.


mammary gland cord morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland cord are generated and organized. Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat.


neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.


quercitrin binding

description: Binding to quercitrin.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


name: negative regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


name: regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


name: positive regulation of shell calcification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


name: negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: negative regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: negative regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


regulation of shell calcification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


name: negative regulation of shell calcification

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


name: positive regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


name: positive regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


name: positive regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


name: negative regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: positive regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->3)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


olfactory lobe development

description: The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.


name: endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

description: Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


name: gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase.


aerobic gallate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen.


name: gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate.


chalcone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


hexadecanal metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.


hexadecanal biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.


plasma membrane-derived photosystem I

description: A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.


negative regulation of TORC2 signaling

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


regulation of TORC2 signaling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


positive regulation of TORC2 signaling

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane. In fission yeast comprises Dsc1, 2, 3 and 4. Involved in the processes of fission yeast sre1 (human SREBP) transcriptional activator proteolytic cleavage, the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, and a post-endoplasmic reticulum pathway for protein catabolism.


intein-mediated protein splicing

description: The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues.


protein splicing

description: The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.


non-intein-mediated protein splicing

description: The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.


internal genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.


hyaluronan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


name: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine

description: The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


peptidoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.


keratan sulfate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


peptidoglycan turnover

description: The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the cell wall.


galactosaminoglycan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.


mucopolysaccharide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide.


peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


name: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein

description: The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


name: chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


chondroitin sulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.


heparin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


hyaluronan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


keratan sulfate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


name: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein

description: The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.


name: protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

description: Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking

description: The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.


myelin sheath adaxonal region

description: The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.


saccharopine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + O2 = L-2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde + L-glutamate + H2O2.


cAMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


polygalacturonase activity

description: Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.


DNA transposition

description: A type of transposition in which a transposable element (transposon) is moved to another part of a genome, either by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism.


non-replicative DNA transposition

description: Process by which a transposable element is excised from the donor site and integrated at the target site without replication of the element. Also referred to as cut-and-paste transposition.


replicative DNA transposition

description: Process of transposition in which the existing element is replicated and one of the copies is excised and integrated at a new target site. Also referred to as copy-and-paste transposition.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).


cellular response to iron(II) ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


regulation of chemorepellent activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


name: negative regulation of chemorepellent activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


name: positive regulation of chemorepellent activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


Notch receptor processing

description: The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.


name: secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

description: A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.


ventricular system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.


name: negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


photosystem I antenna complex

description: The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


salt aversion

description: The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.


suckling behavior

description: Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.


larval feeding behavior

description: Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


drinking behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.


eating behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


name: reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess

description: An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.


adult feeding behavior

description: Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


nematode pharyngeal pumping

description: The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.


conditioned taste aversion

description: A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior

description: The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyalkanoate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


poly(hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyvalerate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).


name: poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from glucose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from glucose.


poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


name: poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from fatty acid

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from fatty acid.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyvalerate).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate).


telomeric D-loop binding

description: Binding to a telomeric D-loop. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.


name: detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


detection of external biotic stimulus

description: The series of events in which an external biotic stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal. An external biotic stimulus is defined as one caused or produced by a living organism other than the one being stimulated.


detection of parasitic plant

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of fungus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of peptidoglycan

description: The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


detection of symbiont

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


detection of lipopolysaccharide

description: The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


detection of bacterial lipoprotein

description: The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


detection of bacterial lipopeptide

description: The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of molecule of fungal origin

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of yeast

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of other organism

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from another organism is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


detection of symbiotic bacterium

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of bacterium

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of protozoan

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: detection of molecule of oomycetes origin

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of nematode

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of muramyl dipeptide

description: The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


detection of lipoteichoic acid

description: The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


name: detection of molecule of bacterial origin

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of oomycetes

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of insect

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.


polyketide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


fonsecin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fonsecin.


aspyridone A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone A.


mevastatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mevastatin , also known as compactin or ML-236B, and which acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.


erythromycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythromycin.


fumigermin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigermin, an alpha-pyrone secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus.


oxytetracycline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxytetracycline.


zearalenone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain and has chronic estrogenic effects on mammals.