UBC13-MMS2 complex

description: A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p; in human it comprises UBE2N and UBE2V1/UBE2V2; and in plants UBC35/UBC36 and UEV1A/UEV1B/UEV1C/UEV1D-4.


aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.


protein phosphatase 4 complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.


description: A protein complex involved in the disassembly and subsequent reassembly of nucleosomes. It associates with the coding region of transcriptionally active genes where it interacts with the RNA polymerase II and affects its processivity during co-transcriptional RNA processing and maturation. It exists as a functionally independent part of the NuA4 complex.


CENP-A containing chromatin

description: The specialized chromatin located in the centromeric core region or the entire centromeric region in organisms with point centromeres, which is enriched for CENP-A-containing nucleosomes. This chromatin forms a 3-dimensional structure which provides a platform for kinetochore assembly and microtubule attachment.


name: retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER

description: Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

description: Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


translocon complex

description: A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.


[Ni-Fe] hydrogenase complex

description: A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.


COPII vesicle coat

description: One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.


Shc-EGFR complex

description: A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-paxillin complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to paxillin.


name: RNA polymerase III transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


name: cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex

description: A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.


integrin alphav-beta5 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.


FACIT collagen trimer

description: A collagen trimer that associates with collagen fibrils and consists of collagen monomers that contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences.


name: ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity.


integrin complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


box H/ACA RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA of the box H/ACA type and the four core proteins dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 (human protein nomenclature). RNA pseudouridylation (isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine) is the major, and most likely the ancestral, function of H/ACA RNPs. Pseudouridylation targets include both large and small ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA). In addition to these catalytic H/ACA RNPs, a less abundant but more diverse class of structural H/ACA RNPs exists, which does not have pseudouridylation activity. These include the vertebrate telomerase RNP complex.


chromatin silencing complex

description: Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.


Ragulator complex

description: A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signaling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).


collagen type XXII trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.


DNA ligase III-XRCC1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.


GABA-A receptor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of GABA-A receptor activity. In human, it is usually composed of either two alpha, two beta and one gamma chain of the GABA-A receptor subunits or 5 chains of the GABA-A receptor subunits rho1-3 (formally known as GABA-C receptor).


viral transcriptional complex

description: Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.


Shu complex

description: A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


name: alpha11-beta1 integrin-collagen type I complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha11-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type I collagen.


sulfurtransferase complex

description: A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of sulfur atoms from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


radial spoke

description: Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of a 9+2 type ciliary or flagellar axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


extracellular exosome complex

description: A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome.


name: alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.


membrane fusion priming complex

description: A protein complex that primes vacuolar or vesicular membranes for fusion with other intracellular membranes, by promoting the dissociation of cis-SNARE complexes.


DNA recombinase mediator complex

description: A protein complex containing accessory proteins which bind a recombinase (e.g. Rad51) and bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and promote nucleation of the recombinase onto ssDNA through facilitating recombinase-RPA exchange.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.


myosin VIII complex

description: A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.


mitotic septin complex

description: A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.


Rad51B-Rad51C complex

description: A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.


bacterial-type flagellum stator complex

description: A hetero-hexameric complex of 2 membrane proteins, A and B, with stoichiometry A4B2. The A and B proteins form a channel through which flow the ions that power the bacterial-type flagellum. They form the stator, or nonrotating portion, of the flagellum motor with the B protein apparently attached to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Examples include the H+ driven MotA-MotB stator complex of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, and the Na+ driven PomA-PomB stator complex of Vibrio and Shewanella species.


CBF3 complex

description: A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.


EmrE multidrug transporter complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex capable of transporting positively charged hydrophobic drugs across the plasma membrane thereby involved in conferring resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds (e.g. methyl viologen, ethidium bromide and acriflavine). It is commonly found in bacteria. In E. coli it forms a homodimer.


name: RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex

description: A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.


name: small ribosomal subunit processing complex

description: A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p.


translation release factor complex

description: A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


name: synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


Noc complex

description: Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.


Mpp10 complex

description: A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.


SCF-Das1 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Das1 in S. cerevisiae.


integrin alphav-beta6 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.


CBM complex

description: A protein complex comprising Bcl10, MALT1 and a CARD domain-containing protein (CARD9, CARD10 or CARD11); plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.


U12 snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


MIH complex

description: A trimeric complex involved in cytokinesis. Proposed to bridge actomyosin ring contraction and septum synthesis in yeast, resulting in the coordination of these processes, and leading to plasma membrane ingression and fusion. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Mlc1p, Iqg1p and Hof1p proteins.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


radial spoke base 1

description: The short portion of the radial spoke 1 (RS1) that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


photosystem II

description: A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.


name: mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

description: A multienzyme complex possessing three activities in two subunits (alpha and beta) that catalyzes three steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix. The alpha subunit comprises the enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD) activities, and the beta subunit contains the acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT)/thiolase activity.


name: protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


BRE1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A homodimeric protein complex composed of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase BRE1. Plays a role in regulating association of RNA polymerase II with active genes.


FHF complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of AKTIP/FTS, FAM160A2/p107FHIP, and one or more members of the Hook family of proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2, and HOOK3. The complex is thought to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion, and associates with the homotypic vesicular sorting complex (the HOPS complex).


SL snRNP

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA and associated proteins.


thrombospondin complex

description: A homotrimeric or homopentameric glycoprotein that functions at the interface of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix through its interactions with proteins and proteoglycans, such as collagens, integrins and fibronectin, to regulate matrix structure and cellular behaviour.


Asi complex

description: A nuclear ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex located in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) that recognizes and ubiquitinates misfolded INM proteins and also some proteins involved in sterol biosynthesis, during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligases Asi1p and Asi3p.


Tor2-Mei2-Ste11 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.


DNA helicase A complex

description: A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


SMN-Gemin2 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.


photosystem

description: A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


FMN reductase complex

description: A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.


name: DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex

description: A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.


mating-type region heterochromatin

description: Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.


ATP-dependent citrate lyase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.


fatty acid synthase complex

description: A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.


intercalary heterochromatin

description: Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.


SREBP-SCAP complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM2 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM2.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex

description: A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.


upstream stimulatory factor complex

description: A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.


nuclear cap binding complex

description: A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


UFD1-NPL4 complex

description: A dimeric protein complex that contains the co-factors for the ATPase VCP/p97 (Cdc48p in budding yeast). In mammals, this complex consists of UFD1L (UFD1) and NPLOC4 (NPL4). In budding yeast, the complex is a dimer of Ufd1p and Npl4p.


SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Skp2 in S. cerevisiae.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).


RNA polymerase II termination complex

description: A conserved protein complex capable of 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity. It is able to promote RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription termination by degrading pre-mRNA from the newly formed 5' phosphorylated end.


AP-4 adaptor complex

description: An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


name: Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).


Nsk1-Dlc1 complex

description: A dimer of Nsk1 (nucleolus spindle kinetochore 1) and the dynein light chain, Dlc1. The dimers form an oligomeric chain structure. Functions in the regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome segregation.


name: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

description: A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


name: heterotetrameric polyprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

description: A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses polyprenyl diphosphate synthase activity involved in the synthesis of the isoprenoid chain of ubiquinone whose length varies between organisms. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.


collagen type XXV trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXV) chains; type XXV collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


myosin VI complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.


chloroplast photosystem I

description: Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


VCB complex

description: A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.


name: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

description: A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.


interleukin-2 receptor complex

description: A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.


CAK-ERCC2 complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.


description: A transcriptionally-silent heterochromatin structure present in senescent cells. Contains the condensed chromatin of one chromosome and is enriched for histone modifications. Thought to repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes.


xylanosome

description: A multifunctional supermolecular complex, containing several proteins with hemicellulase activity. Functions to hydrolyze hemicellulose.


alphaV-beta6 integrin-TGFbeta-3 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).


Sec61 translocon complex

description: A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


GMP reductase complex

description: An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH => IMP + NADP+ + NH4.


AP-5 adaptor complex

description: An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex

description: A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


SMC loading complex

description: A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.


ATF4-CREB1 transcription factor complex

description: Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.


death-inducing signaling complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.


PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.


myosin XVIII complex

description: A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

description: A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


nuclear pore central transport channel

description: The central substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), through which nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNAs, proteins and small molecules occurs. The central transport channel is filled with FG-nucleoporins, which form a selective barrier and provide a series of binding sites for transporter proteins. Characterized S. cerevisiae FG-nucleoporins include Nup159p, Nup145Np, Nup116p, Nup100p, Nsp1p, Nup57p, Nup49p, Nup42p, Nup53p, Nup59p/Asm4p, Nup60p and Nup1. Characterized vertebrate FG-nucleoporins include Nup214, Nup98, Nup62, Nup54, Nup58/45, NLP1, and Nup153.


methane monooxygenase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.


bub1-bub3 complex

description: Protein complex that associates with the kinetochores.


description: A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.


Fc-alpha receptor I complex

description: A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.


name: alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


myosin XII complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.


AMPA glutamate receptor complex

description: An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.


chloroplast outer membrane translocon

description: The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


Ste12p-Dig1p-Dig2p complex

description: A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


name: cell envelope Sec protein transport complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA, D, E, F, G, Y and YajC.


FACT complex

description: A histone chaperone complex that facilitates nucleosome disassembly and reassembly upon DNA or RNA polymerase passage.


Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex

description: A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.


MdtBC Complex

description: A protein complex containing two transmembrane subunits; a MdtB dimer and one unit of MdtC. Capable of exporting substrates across the cell membrane. Involved in conferring antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria by transporting drugs across the membrane.


Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex

description: Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.


EFF-1 complex

description: A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.


secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex

description: A polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex that is complexed with one chain of secretory component (SC). Polymeric IgA is present in mucosal areas, having been transported via a transcytosis mechanism in mucosal epithelial cells relying on the polymeric Ig receptor, a portion of which then remains bound to the polymeric IgA as secretory component.


Snt2C complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.


divisome complex

description: A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). These complexes are assembled and recruited to the cell septum in a strictly controlled sequence and co-ordinate invagination of the cell membrane, inward growth of the peptidoglycan layer, constriction of the outer membrane and separation of daughter cells.


toxin-antitoxin complex

description: A bacterial protein complex that neutralises its own toxin by complexing the toxin with the antitoxin. The antitoxin can be either a protein or an RNA. The neutralising toxin-antitoxin complex also acts as a transcriptional repressor of the toxin-antitoxin operon.


type IV secretion system complex

description: A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of DNA or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).


transforming growth factor beta complex

description: A protein complex acting as ligand of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex, typically a homodimer of any of the TFGbeta isoforms. The precursor of TGFbeta proteins is cleaved into mature TGFbeta and the latency-associated peptide (LAP), which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFbeta rendering it inactive. TGFbeta is activated by dimerization and dissociation of the LAP.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


description: A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.


name: methionine-importing ABC transporter complex

description: An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.


RNA cap binding complex

description: A protein complex that binds to an RNA cap structure to mediate RNA processing and/or translation initiation.


chylomicron

description: A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


telomere cap complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


NOS2-CD74 complex

description: A protein complex comprising nitric oxide synthase 2 and CD74. This stable complex formation is thought to prevent CD74 degradation by caspases.


apical tubulobulbar complex

description: Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle

description: A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.


endopeptidase Clp complex

description: A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


name: dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex

description: A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.


name: inositol phosphoceramide synthase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity and contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (Aur1p and Kei1p, respectively, in Saccharomyces).


name: hemidesmosome associated protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of or has some part in a hemidesmosome.


Fc receptor complex

description: A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.


Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex

description: A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


name: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


IgW immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


protein phosphatase inhibitor complex

description: A protein-containing complex that inhibits protein phosphatase activity by directly binding to a protein phosphatase.


T cell receptor complex

description: A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.


BRCA1-C complex

description: A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.


activator ecdysone receptor complex

description: A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.


glycine-gated chloride channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


description: A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.


Delta1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.


superoxide dismutase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.


IgA B cell receptor complex

description: An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


laminin-7 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


ERBB4-EGFR complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1).


interleukin-20 receptor complex

description: A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.


TBK1-IKKE-DDX3 complex

description: A protein complex containing TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), IKBKE (I-Kappa-B kinase epsilon/IKKE/IKK-epsilon) and the DEAD box family RNA helicase DDX3.


interleukin-12 complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta subunit (p40, product of the IL12B gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space.


translation repressor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of translation repressor activity.


Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


MHC class I peptide loading complex

description: A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.


NADPH oxidase complex

description: A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


pituitary gonadotropin complex

description: A protein complex that is a protein hormone secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. capable of regulating normal growth, sexual development, and reproductive function.


name: cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle

description: A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


glutathione synthase complex

description: A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.


name: ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

description: A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


name: DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex

description: A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.


Rad51C-XRCC3 complex

description: A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cartilage matrix protein chondroadherin.


integrin alpha6-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


name: condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome

description: A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.


Dom34-Hbs1 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay.


name: formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (molybdenum enzyme) complex

description: A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.


TCR signalosome

description: A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.


nuclear exosome (RNase complex)

description: A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive and distributive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity and endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class I

description: A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic and a regulatory subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme, plus one or more adaptor proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. The class I PI3K subfamily of genes comprises members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


protein-carbohydrate complex

description: A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and carbohydrate molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


RPB4-RPB7 complex

description: A protein complex that cycles between the nucleus where it is part of the RNA polymerase II and the cytoplasmic mRNA processing body where it mediates the two major cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways.


activated SUMO-E1 ligase complex

description: A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.


IgM B cell receptor complex

description: An IgM immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgM isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


stereocilia ankle link complex

description: A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

description: A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


BRCA1-BARD1 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.


endodeoxyribonuclease complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


description: A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b2, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


SC5b-7 complex

description: A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.


telomere-telomerase complex

description: A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.


FANCM-MHF complex

description: A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


name: RNA polymerase V transcription regulator complex

description: A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase V.


name: RNA polymerase III transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


NPHP complex

description: A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of the NPHP4 and NPHP1 proteins. It acts as an organiser of the transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the MKS complex. It is involved in ciliary protein trafficking and is required for correct functioning of the WNT and Hippo signaling pathways.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.


name: piccolo histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.


Dxr protein complex

description: A protein complex that is involved in the MEP pathway of IPP biosynthesis. It catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).


SCF-Met30/Pof1 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Met30 in S. cerevisiae (Pof1 in S pombe).


CENP-A recruiting complex

description: A protein complex that includes Mis16(Yippee family) and/or Mis18 (WD repeat) subunits that is involved in the deposition of centromere specific (CENP-A containing) nucleosomes at the centromere.


integrin alpha4-beta1 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


mature chylomicron

description: A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.


alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM23 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM23.


PAN complex

description: A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.


MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.


USH2 complex

description: A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.


filamentous actin

description: A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.


name: mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

description: A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


SCF-Mdm30 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Mdm30 in S. cerevisiae.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment

description: The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


acetylcholine-gated channel complex

description: A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).


protein phosphatase type 1 complex

description: A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex

description: A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).


alpha3-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD63.


description: A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v4 and protocadherin-gamma-a1, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


protein-lipid-RNA complex

description: A macromolecular complex containing separate protein, lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


SOD1-calcineurin complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with calcineurin; complex formation is implicated in activation of calcineurin by SOD1.


hyphal tip polarisome

description: Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.


L-cysteine desulfurase complex

description: A protein complex capable of cysteine desulfurase activity decomposing L-cysteine to L-alanine and sulfur. It belongs to a ubiquitous family of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes.


Swi5-Swi2 complex

description: A protein complex involved that contains proteins known in Schizosaccharomyces as Swi5 monomers and Swi2, and is involved in mating type switching.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

description: The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


COMA complex

description: A kinetochore multiprotein complex that bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly. In yeast, consists of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm21p, and Ame1p.


MLL3/4 complex

description: A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL3 or MLL4 in mammals, or equivalent in other species.


unconventional myosin complex

description: A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.


replication fork protection complex

description: A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.


nucleosome

description: A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


name: PSI associated light-harvesting complex I

description: Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.


DNA repair complex

description: A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


name: RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex

description: A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.


monopolin complex

description: A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits.


platelet SNARE complex

description: A SNARE complex that is capable of fusing intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of platelets for exocytosis of alpha-granules or dense granules. Contains isoforms of VAMP, SNAP and syntaxin proteins. Ternary SNARE complexes interact in a circular array to form ring complexes or channels around the membrane fusion. A common composition in human is VAMP-8, SNAP-23 and syntaxin-2 or -4.


name: Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome

description: A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.


eisosome filament

description: A filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


RNA nuclear export complex

description: A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CIB complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to CIB, a protein that binds calcium as well as the alphaIIb-beta3 integrin.


F-actin capping protein complex

description: A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


laminin-3 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


LUBAC complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.


guanylate cyclase complex, soluble

description: Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane.


DnaA-DiaA complex

description: A protein-DNA complex containing a tetramer of DiaA attached to multiple DnaA molecule bound to oriC DNA. Regulates timely initiation of chromosomal replication during the cell cycle by stimulating assembly of DnaA-oriC complexes, conformational changes in ATP-DnaA initiation complexes, and unwinding of oriC duplex DNA.


Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex

description: A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.


ERBB3:ERBB2 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3.


name: cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex

description: The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.


RAVE complex

description: A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.


glutamate-cysteine ligase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.


HIR complex

description: A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.


nonhomologous end joining complex

description: A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.


Rpd3L complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.


ER ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.


alphaX-beta2 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.


PCSK9-AnxA2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and annexin A2 (AnxA2).


name: amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

description: An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.


name: alphaV-beta3 integrin-laminin alpha-4 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.


auxin efflux carrier complex

description: The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.


immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.


HICS complex

description: A multisubunit complex involved in cytokinesis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex consists of Sho1p, Hof1p, Inn1p and Cyk3p proteins.


description: A protein complex capable of catalysing the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


glutamate synthase complex (NADPH)

description: A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.


ERBB4-ERBB3 complex

description: A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and ERBB3 (also called HER3). ERBB3 has impaired kinase activity so relies on the kinase activity of its heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex

description: Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).


RGS6-DNMT1-DMAP1 complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.


Bre1-Rad6 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of Bre1 and Rad6 that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. It also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis.


name: IgD immunoglobulin complex, GPI-anchored

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and bound via a GPI-anchor to the plasma membrane of B cells.


name: potassium:proton antiporter complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of potassium:proton antiporter activity.


description: A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriB complex

description: A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN2 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (ICN2), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


name: endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.


plasma lipoprotein particle

description: A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.


description: A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.


ubiquitin activating enzyme complex

description: A protein complex responsible for the catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-C complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor C.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).


DBIRD complex

description: A protein complex that associates with mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II and is proposed to integrate transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing. In humans it is composed of the proteins KIAA1967/DBC1 and ZNF326/ZIRD.


IgD immunoglobulin complex, circulating

description: A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex

description: A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.


RITS complex

description: A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.


membrane attack complex

description: A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.


RC-1 DNA recombination complex

description: A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.


name: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)

description: Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


serotonin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of serotonin receptor activity.


lipoprotein particle

description: A spherical particle containing non-covalently associated proteins and lipids. Examples are plasma lipoprotein particles which transport lipids in the blood or lymph.


box C/D pre-rRNA cleavage RNP complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that is involved in pre-rRNA cleavage.


PYM-mago-Y14 complex

description: Protein complex involved in the disassembly of Mago-Y14 from the spliced mRNA during first round of translation, independently of the translational machinery. Conserved from fission yeast to humans.


prefoldin complex

description: A multisubunit chaperone that is capable of delivering unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin, which it acts as a cofactor for. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it also acts in the nucleus to regulate the rate of elongation by RNA polymerase II via a direct effect on histone dynamics.


phosphomannomutase complex

description: A protein complex capable of phosphomannomutase activity.


name: nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex

description: One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, Tfb4p and Tfb5p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).


description: A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the four mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursor. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Pbn1p and Gpi14p and in rat this complex consists of PIG-X and PIG-M.


Lsm1-7-Pat1 complex

description: A conserved, heteroheptameric, cytoplasmic protein complex composed of Lsm1, Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, Lsm6, Lsm7, and Pat1, or orthologs thereof, that shows a strong binding preference for oligoadenylated RNAs over polyadenylated RNAs. May bind further associated proteins. Facilitates the deadenylation-dependent decapping of mRNA in the P-body thereby regulating mRNA decay and subsequent degradation by the 5' to 3' pathway.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


Ku-DNA ligase complex

description: A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.


alpha2-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.


TRAPPII protein complex

description: A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the phagophore assembly site. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.


tenascin complex

description: A extracellular matrix complex involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. Typically homotrimeric or homohexameric. In mammals, four complexes exist: Tenascin-C, Tenascin-N (also known as Tenascin-W), Tenascin-X and Tenascin-R.


PCNA-p21 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

description: A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


mating projection tip polarisome

description: Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.


NF-kappaB complex

description: A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.


lipid tube

description: A macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat.


myosin X complex

description: A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IB

description: A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.


delta DNA polymerase complex

description: A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


name: CSL-Notch-Mastermind transcription factor complex

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor complex consisting of CSL and mastermind proteins in complex with the cleaved, intracellular domain of Notch. It is required for both repression and activation of Notch target genes.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin 5 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.


septin complex

description: A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.


subapical complex

description: The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.


name: RNA polymerase IV transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase IV promoter.


snRNA-activating protein complex

description: A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.


interleukin-23 complex

description: A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-23 alpha (p19, product of the IL23A gene) and an interleukin-12 beta (p40, product of the IL12B gene) subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


hemozoin formation complex

description: A protein-containing complex involved in hemoglobin degradation and detoxification of heme in the food vacuole during the asexual blood stage of a Plasmodium. It is composed of at least falcipains FP2A and/or FP2B, plasmepsins PMII, PMIII/HAP and PMIV, heme detoxifying protein HDP and falcilysin FLN.


methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex

description: A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.


beta-galactosidase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.


low-density lipoprotein particle

description: A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.


interphase SIN signaling complex

description: A SIN signaling complex associated with the old mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and early M-phase and characterised by the presence active ubiquitin ligase (Dma1 in fission yeast) and GTPase activator (Spg1 in fission yeast) to inactivate SIN signaling.


name: succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming)

description: A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.


description: A heterodimer which catalyses the reaction of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to form 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (FO), an intermediate of coenzyme F420.


exon-exon junction complex

description: A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.


Nrd1 complex

description: A complex that functions in transcription termination of RNA polymerase II transcribed non-coding RNAs. This complex interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of PolII and the terminator sequences in the nascent RNA transcript. In yeast this complex consists of Nrd1p, Nab3p, and Sen1p.


ATPase inhibitor complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of ATPase inhibitor activity.


calprotectin complex

description: A protein complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9 and capable of limiting Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) availability at sites of infection. Also binds Ca(2+). Expressed and released by neutrophils and epithelial cells, it exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attributed to its metal-binding properties. Endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways.


laminin-5 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex

description: Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

description: A multienzyme complex possessing three kinds of enzymes that catalyze the chain reactions in the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle, enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD), and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT).


nuclear RNA export factor complex

description: A protein complex that contains two proteins (know in several organisms, including Drosophila, as NXF1 and NXF2) and is required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


name: mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex

description: A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).


Bcl-2 family protein complex

description: A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.


lateral cortical node

description: A protein complex that is anchored at the cortical face of the plasma membrane, and contains proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lateral cortical nodes are several megadaltons in size, and contain Slf1, which anchors the complex at the membrane, and the methyltransferase Skb1 in stoichiometric quantities, and may contain other proteins.


network-forming collagen trimer

description: A collagen trimer that forms networks.


2-iminoacetate synthase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of 2-iminoacetate synthase activity.


collagen type XXI trimer

description: A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXI) chains; type XXI collagen triple helices found in the extracellular matrix component of blood vessel walls and in the cytoplasm of cultured human aortic smooth muscle.


laminin-15 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.


NLRP1 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.


nitrate reductase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.


protein tyrosine phosphatase complex

description: A protein complex which is capable of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


name: mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.


name: mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV pre-assembly complex

description: A protein complex that contributes to and regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV (COX) formation. It acts by regulating mitochondrial COX1 translation and by promoting the assembly of COX components.


sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)

description: A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.


nodal receptor complex

description: A protein complex containing at least a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor (EGF-CFC protein) such as Cripto or Cryptic. Nodal receptor complexes are capable of binding a nodal protein and transducing the signal into the cell.


SCF-Ufo1/Pof10 ubiquitin ligase complex

description: An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ufo1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof10 in S. pombe).


integrin alphaE-beta7 complex

description: An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.


name: NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex

description: A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.


name: Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex

description: A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.


name: X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating

description: An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ATP-independent citrate lyase complex

description: Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity. This enzyme has only been found in bacteria.


channel complex

description: A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


name: histamine-gated chloride channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


FtsBL complex

description: A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB and FtsL.


name: nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex

description: One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


acetate CoA-transferase complex

description: A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.


Grb2-Shc complex

description: A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


RQC-trigger complex

description: A ribosome disassembly complex which dissociates stalled ribsome subunits as part of the ribosome quality control pathway. RQT complex is composed of a RNA helicase-family protein yeast Rqt2 (human ASCC3), a ubiquitin-binding protein yeast Rqt3, (human ASCC2), and Rqt4 (Human TRIP4).


alphaV-beta3 integrin-EGFR complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to epidermal growth factor receptor.


sex chromatin

description: Chromatin that is part of a sex chromosome.


PUMA-BCL-xl complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of PUMA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


mannan polymerase I complex

description: A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the priming and elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p and Van1p.


ANPR-A receptor complex

description: A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure.


polkadots

description: A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals.


glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

description: A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


beta-catenin destruction complex

description: A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.


MIB complex

description: A mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging complex consisting of components of the MICOS complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the SAM complex in the outer membrane, a conserved DNAJ protein (human DNAJC11) and Metaxin 1.


UTP-C complex

description: A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.


name: alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.


GroEL-GroES complex

description: Bacterial chaperonin complex consisting of a heptameric 10kDa chaperonin subunit GroES and a tetradecameric (2x7) 60kDa chaperonin subunit GroEL. The 60kDa subunit possesses ATPase activity while the holo-enzyme is responsible for the correct folding of proteins.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex

description: A box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex located in the nucleolus that catalyzes pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA residues. The complex is composed of four different core proteins that assemble onto a H/ACA guide RNA scaffold that identifies specific uridines in rRNA for modification during ribosome synthesis.


name: synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).


CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


nuclear replisome

description: A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


TOR complex

description: A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.


cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).


description: A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase activity.


nuclear membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the nuclear membrane.


radial spoke 1

description: The radial spoke of each group of radial spokes, whether grouped as triplets or doublets, that is most proximal to the base of the cilium. Radial spoke 1 (RS1), similarly to radial spoke 2, is comprised of four domains: 1) a very short base anchored to the A microtubule, 2) an elongaged stalk, 3) a bifurcated neck, and 4) an orthogonal head. The base of RS1 is connected to the tail of the inner dynein arm a/d.


G-protein beta/gamma-Btk complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM3 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM3.


heterotrimeric G-protein complex

description: Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.


APC-IQGAP1-Cdc42 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.


multimeric ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.