name: AXONEMAL DYNEIN LIGHT CHAIN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: MYB/SANT-LIKE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4


name: MYB_SANT-LIKE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4


name: HIGH MOBILITY GROUP NUCLEOSOME-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 5


name: DOLICHYL PYROPHOSPHATE GLC1MAN9GLCNAC2 ALPHA-1,3-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE-RELATED


name: DOLICHYL PYROPHOSPHATE MAN9GLCNAC2 ALPHA-1,3-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE


name: LYSOSOMAL COBALAMIN TRANSPORT ESCORT PROTEIN LMBD1


name: TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN COMPLEX 2 SUBUNIT MAPKAP1


name: ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 29


name: TRANSMEMBRANE EPIDIDYMAL FAMILY MEMBER 3


name: ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX C SUBUNIT 15, PSEUDOGENE-RELATED


name: LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 71


name: FANCONI ANEMIA CORE COMPLEX-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 24


name: HOMO-OLIGOMERIC FLAVIN CONTAINING CYS DECARBOXYLASE FAMILY


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 105


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 50


name: TRAFFICKING PROTEIN PARTICLE COMPLEX SUBUNIT 11


name: COILED-COIL AND C2 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1-LIKE


name: COILED-COIL AND C2 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1B


name: COILED-COIL AND C2 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1A


name: STERILE ALPHA MOTIF DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 4-RELATED


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 6


name: DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE I SUBUNIT RPA49


name: PROTEASE-ASSOCIATED DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-RELATED


name: MEDIATOR OF RNA POLYMERASE II TRANSCRIPTION SUBUNIT 16


name: CONSERVED OLIGOMERIC GOLGI COMPLEX COMPONENT 5


name: CONSERVED OLIGOMERIC GOLGI COMPLEX SUBUNIT 5


name: NITROGEN PERMEASE REGULATOR 2/TUMOR SUPPRESSOR CANDIDATE 4


name: OUTER DYNEIN ARM-DOCKING COMPLEX SUBUNIT 4


name: TATA-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED FACTOR 172


name: ATP SYNTHASE SUBUNIT DELTA, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: RNA POLYMERASE II HOLOENZYME COMPONENT SRB7


name: MEDIATOR OF RNA POLYMERASE II TRANSCRIPTION SUBUNIT 21


name: U7 SNRNA-ASSOCIATED SM-LIKE PROTEIN LSM11


name: U3 SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA  U3 SNORNA  ASSOCIATED PROTEIN


name: EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 5


name: SPINDLE AND KINETOCHORE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 2


name: UNCHARACTERIZED PROTEIN C17ORF53 HOMOLOG


name: HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION OB-FOLD PROTEIN


name: UBIQUITIN RECOGNITION FACTOR IN ER-ASSOCIATED DEGRADATION PROTEIN 1


name: DNA POLYMERASE EPSILON CATALYTIC SUBUNIT A


name: U3 SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 14


name: U3 SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 14 HOMOLOG A


name: U3 SMALL NUCLEOLAR RNA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 14 HOMOLOG C


name: ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 6-INTERACTING PROTEIN 6


name: UBIQUINONE BIOSYNTHESIS O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: ENDOTHELIAL CELL-SPECIFIC CHEMOTAXIS REGULATOR


name: COCAINE AND AMPHETAMINE REGULATED TRANSCRIPT PROTEIN


name: COCAINE- AND AMPHETAMINE-REGULATED TRANSCRIPT PROTEIN


name: PROTEIN TRANSPORT PROTEIN SEC61 SUBUNIT BETA


name: EXONUCLEASE 3'-5' DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: THIOREDOXIN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 15


name: THYROID RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN RELATED


name: STARCH-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: UNCHARACTERIZED PROTEASOME COMPONENT REGION PCI-CONTAINING


name: NUCLEAR FACTOR INTERLEUKIN-3-REGULATED PROTEIN


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION ELONGATION FACTOR 1 EPSILON-1


name: ZINC FINGER CCCH DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 44-RELATED


name: RNA POLYMERASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN RTF1 HOMOLOG


name: TELOMERE LENGTH REGULATION PROTEIN TEL2 FAMILY MEMBER


name: TELOMERE LENGTH REGULATION PROTEIN TEL2 HOMOLOG


name: BECLIN 1-ASSOCIATED AUTOPHAGY-RELATED KEY REGULATOR


name: WAP FOUR-DISULFIDE CORE DOMAIN PROTEIN 8


name: DNA REPLICATION COMPLEX GINS PROTEIN PSF2


name: GLYCINE DEHYDROGENASE (DECARBOXYLATING), MITOCHONDRIAL


name: REQUIRED FOR DRUG-INDUCED DEATH PROTEIN 1


name: TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 8


name: TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 14


name: CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE ASSEMBLY PROTEIN COX16 HOMOLOG, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: SMALL NUCLEAR RNA ACTIVATING COMPLEX, POLYPEPTIDE 1


name: SNRNA-ACTIVATING PROTEIN COMPLEX SUBUNIT 1


name: NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE SGDH SUBUNIT


name: NADH DEHYDROGENASE [UBIQUINONE] 1 BETA SUBCOMPLEX SUBUNIT 5, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: CB1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1


name: TRANSCRIPTION COFACTOR VESTIGIAL-LIKE PROTEIN 4


name: TYPE 2 DNA TOPOISOMERASE 6 SUBUNIT B-LIKE


name: POLYAMINE-MODULATED FACTOR 1-BINDING PROTEIN 1-RELATED


name: POLYAMINE-MODULATED FACTOR 1-BINDING PROTEIN 1


name: KIN17  KIN, ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF RECA PROTEIN HOMOLOG


name: ZINC FINGER C4H2 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


name: NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE SUBUNIT B


name: NADH DEHYDROGENASE [UBIQUINONE] 1 ALPHA SUBCOMPLEX SUBUNIT 7


name: STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES FLEXIBLE HINGE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS PROTEIN SLX9 HOMOLOG


name: H/ACA RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX NON-CORE SUBUNIT NAF1


name: H_ACA RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN COMPLEX NON-CORE SUBUNIT NAF1


name: NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX PROTEIN NUP93  NUCLEOPORIN NUP93   DEAD EYE PROTEIN


name: ECSIT  EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED SIGNALING INTERMEDIATE IN TOLL PATHWAYS


name: EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED SIGNALING INTERMEDIATE IN TOLL PATHWAY, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 93


name: PHYTANOYL-COA DIOXYGENASE DOMAIN CONTAINING 1


name: PHYTANOYL-COA DIOXYGENASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: HYDROLASE OF PHP SUPERFAMILY-RELATED PROTEIN


name: DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES I, II, AND III SUBUNIT RPABC3


name: CD2 ANTIGEN CYTOPLASMIC TAIL-BINDING PROTEIN 2


name: ATP DEPENDENT LON PROTEASE FAMILY MEMBER


name: NUCLEAR ENVELOPE PHOSPHATASE-REGULATORY SUBUNIT 1


name: SWI5-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION DNA REPAIR PROTEIN 1 HOMOLOG


name: TELOMERASE RNA COMPONENT INTERACTING RNASE


name: LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT CONTAINING PROTEIN 25


name: LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 25


name: PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS ISOMERASE FKBP3


name: GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 8 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


name: GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 8 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 8 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: PHENAZINE BIOSYNTHESIS-LIKE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


name: ZINC FINGER CCHC DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 17


name: TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 1A


name: ZINC FINGER RAN-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2 ZRANB2-RELATED


name: ZINC FINGER RAN-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: RNA POLYMERASE III TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION FACTOR COMPLEX SUBUNIT


name: GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 3C POLYPEPTIDE 2


name: ZINC FINGER MYND DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 19


name: DOLICHYL-DIPHOSPHOOLIGOSACCHARIDE--PROTEIN GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT 2


name: COILED-COIL-HELIX-COILED-COIL-HELIX DOMAIN CONTAINING 6


name: BACULOVIRAL IAP REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 5


name: THADA/DEATH RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN


name: NADH UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE SUBUNIT ND6


name: PROLINE-RICH TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN 4-RELATED


name: SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ANTIGEN RECOGNISED BY CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES


name: CANCER-RELATED REGULATOR OF ACTIN DYNAMICS


name: CAPPING PROTEIN-INHIBITING REGULATOR OF ACTIN DYNAMICS


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 77


name: SORTING AND ASSEMBLY MACHINERY SAMM50 PROTEIN FAMILY MEMBER


name: SORTING AND ASSEMBLY MACHINERY COMPONENT 50 HOMOLOG


name: UBIQUITIN LIGASE PROTEIN PHF9  FANCONI ANEMIA GROUP L PROTEIN


name: EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 9


name: CILIA- AND FLAGELLA-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 300


name: 28S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S26, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: SIMILAR TO CHROMODOMAIN-HELICASE-DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (CHD-1)


name: CHD1 HELICAL C-TERMINAL DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 51


name: MITOCHONDRIAL 28S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S30/P52 PRO-APOTOTIC PROTEIN


name: DNA REPAIR AND RECOMBINATION PROTEIN RAD52, RAD59


name: PROSTATE APOPTOSIS RESPONSE PROTEIN PAR-4


name: PSORIASIS SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 CANDIDATE GENE 2 PROTEIN


name: ANKYRIN REPEAT DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 22


name: ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 2-BINDING PROTEIN


name: REVERSION-INDUCING CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN WITH KAZAL MOTIFS


name: KELCH REPEAT AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 13-RELATED


name: KELCH REPEAT AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 13


name: PROSTATE ANDROGEN-REGULATED MUCIN-LIKE PROTEIN 1


name: CDK5 REGULATORY SUBUNIT-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 2


name: TRANSMEMBRANE INNER EAR EXPRESSED PROTEIN


name: PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT P


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 83


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 134


name: BACULOVIRAL IAP REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES I, II, AND III SUBUNIT RPABC1


name: T-CELL ACTIVATION INHIBITOR, MITOCHONDRIAL


name: MEIOTIC NUCLEAR DIVISION PROTEIN 1 HOMOLOG


name: GPI ETHANOLAMINE PHOSPHATE TRANSFERASE 1


name: SERINE-RICH SINGLE-PASS MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1


name: COILED-COIL DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 142


name: DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE III SUBUNIT RPC4


name: NKG2-D TYPE II INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN


name: TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 16


name: FANCONI ANEMIA GROUP M FANCM FAMILY MEMBER


name: SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE 9 KDA PROTEIN


name: TRANSLIN-ASSOCIATED FACTOR X-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1


name: MASTERMIND-LIKE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: STERILE ALPHA MOTIF DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3


name: RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR RESPONDER PROTEIN 2


name: CYSTEINE-RICH AND TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: KINETOCHORE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN NSL1 HOMOLOG


name: UBIQUITIN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN UBFD1


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 3, THETA SUBUNIT


name: EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 3 SUBUNIT A


name: RIBONUCLEASES P/MRP PROTEIN SUBUNIT POP1


name: RIBONUCLEASES P_MRP PROTEIN SUBUNIT POP1


name: LIM AND CALPONIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


name: RADICAL S-ADENOSYL METHIONINE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


name: S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE-DEPENDENT NUCLEOTIDE DEHYDRATASE RSAD2


name: ASPARTATE DEHYDROGENASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


name: DIENCEPHALON/MESENCEPHALON HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 1


name: DIENCEPHALON_MESENCEPHALON HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 1


name: CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE ASSEMBLY FACTOR 1 HOMOLOG


name: LEUCINE-RICH MELANOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN


name: TUBULIN--TYROSINE LIGASE-LIKE PROTEIN 12


name: NADH DEHYDROGENASE [UBIQUINONE] 1 ALPHA SUBCOMPLEX SUBUNIT 8


name: COXSACKIEVIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR-RELATED


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + UDP-alpha-D-xylose = cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + UDP.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide group.


name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


name: ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, glutaredoxin disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin disulfide + H2O -> ribonucleoside diphosphate + glutaredoxin.


name: vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.


description: Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


UDP reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dUDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = UDP + thioredoxin.


name: vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phylloquinol + a protein with a disulfide bond = phylloquinone + a protein with reduced L-cysteine residues.


ADP reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dADP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ADP + thioredoxin.


CDP reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dCDP + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = CDP + thioredoxin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside triphosphate + thioredoxin.


encapsulin nanocompartment

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Intracellular non-membrane bound organelle, consisting of proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes, protecting the contents from their surrounding milieu and/or the milieu from reactants in their interior. The self-assembling, 25-42 nm nanocompartment shell, unlike larger bacterial microcompartments, is made of only one protein, and has only a few proteins inside. Shells about vary from about 25-42 nm in diameter. The shell protein has an HK97-like fold and probably evolved from a viral protein. Artificial encapsulin nanocompartments can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. They are found in many bacterial and a few archaeal phyla.


name: negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.


name: negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.


name: negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H+ = 4-guanidinobutanal + CO2.


RNA transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of RNA, ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


tRNA transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


B cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.


B-1 B cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which an immature B cell becomes committed to become a B-1 B cell.


indole catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


indole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


indole biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).


name: specification of animal organ axis polarity

description: The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified.


name: positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


name: mating-type a-factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with the mating-type a-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-4-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-3,4-diol.


name: N8-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2.


name: effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity signaling

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a pattern-triggered immunity PTI signaling pathway. PTI signaling pathways are found in plants.


name: effector-mediated suppression of host innate immune response

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of the innate immune response of the host organism via recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern. The innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.


name: negative regulation of proline import across plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.


name: positive regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.


RS domain binding

description: Binding to an RS domain of a protein; RS domains are usually highly phosphorylated and characterized by the presence of arginine (R)/serine (S) dipeptides. The RS domain promotes protein-protein interactions and directs subcellular localization and, in certain situations, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of individual SR proteins. They also play a role in splicing.


name: cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of cyclic-GMP-AMP from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


name: positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.


name: positive regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation

description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung bud increasing in size radially.


name: positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


name: positive regulation of acinar cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


name: positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


name: positive regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.


SOSS complex

description: A protein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and the G2/M checkpoint. The SOSS complex associates with single-stranded DNA at DNA lesions and is composed of SOSS-B (SOSS-B1/OBFC2B or SOSS-B2/OBFC2A), SOSS-A/INTS3 and SOSS-C/C9orf80.


glucosamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


name: structural constituent of ascospore wall

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an ascospore wall.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.


name: estradiol 17-alpha-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-alpha + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD(P)+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NADH.


name: postsynaptic density, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


name: postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


name: postsynaptic specialization of symmetric synapse, intracellular component

description: A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of a symmetric synapse. Its major components include that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. This structure is not as thick or electron dense as the postsynaptic density found in asymmetric synapses.


7-methylguanosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


purine ribonucleoside catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


inosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.


xanthosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthosine.


adenosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


guanosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


name: guanosine-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


name: vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of vestibular hair cells.


neuron projection organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a neuron, e.g. an axon, or a dendrite.


dendritic spine maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


neuron projection maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


neuron projection retraction

description: The organization process which results in the disassembly (either partial or complete) of constituent parts of a neuron projection. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


dendritic spine organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


name: negative regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


name: mating type region replication fork barrier binding

description: Binding to the replication fork barrier found in the mating type region of fission yeast.


nuclear migration to embryo sac poles

description: Migration of the nuclei of the two-nucleate embryo sac to opposite poles of the cell.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase kinase.


protein histidine kinase binding

description: Binding to a protein histidine kinase.


protein serine/threonine kinase binding

description: Binding to a protein serine/threonine kinase.


name: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding

description: Binding to a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

description: Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


JUN kinase binding

description: Binding to JUN kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.


protein kinase B binding

description: Binding to protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.


name: protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding

description: Binding to one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


protein kinase C binding

description: Binding to protein kinase C.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

description: Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, a protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase.


nodal receptor complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex containing a type II activin receptor, a type I activin receptor, and a coreceptor of the EGF-CFC family (e.g. Cripto or Cryptic, in mammals).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = homogentisate + NADP+ + H2O.


pericardial nephrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a pericardial nephrocyte. A pericardial nephrocyte is an insect renal cell that filters hemolymph and is found with other pericardial nephrocytes in two rows flanking the dorsal vessel. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol + fatty acyl-CoA = glucosaminyl-acyl-phasphotidylinositol + CoA.


name: phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.


name: L-serine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-serine is the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


name: negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN3 complex

description: A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch3 (ICN3), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


name: positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


name: positive regulation of pseudohyphal growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth.


name: immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.


name: tolerance induction in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).


name: positive regulation of maltose transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


name: positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


name: negative regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.


name: regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.


name: negative regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.


name: positive regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.


name: positive regulation of postsynaptic membrane organization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic membrane organization.


name: positive regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of ethanol catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of propanediol catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of propanediol catabolic process.


name: somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments

description: The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.


peripheral B cell receptor editing

description: The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.


isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


isotype switching

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


name: immunoglobulin heavy chain V-D-J recombination

description: The process in which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


central B cell receptor editing

description: Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow.


immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination

description: The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined.


name: interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, that is dependent on the activity of interleukin 4 (IL-4).


isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgA isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgA constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


B cell receptor editing

description: The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.


name: somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

description: The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


name: immunoglobulin light chain V-J recombination

description: The process in which immunoglobulin light chain V and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgD biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgD constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 2).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + phosphorylated RNA polymerase II.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 5).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 7).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphotyrosine (position 1).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphothreonine (position 4).


roof of mouth development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.


secondary palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The secondary palate is the part of the palate formed from the fusion of the two palatine shelves, extensions of the maxillary prominences.


primitive palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primitive palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure.


primary palate development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a primary palate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of a metal ion to a molecule via a nitrogen-metal bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: ligase activity, forming nitrogen-metal bonds, forming coordination complexes

description: Catalysis of the ligation of two substances via a nitrogen-metal bond, forming a coordination complex.


cobaltochelatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + Co(2+) + H2O + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide = ADP + cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide + 4 H+ + phosphate.


magnesium chelatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+ + protoporphyrin IX = ADP + 3 H+ + Mg-protoporphyrin IX + phosphate.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


name: TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 7.


toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 8.


name: B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

description: An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


name: Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

description: An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


name: innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor that leads to the activation of an innate immune response.


name: TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 12.


name: endosomal pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to an intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 5.


name: peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of peptidoglycan to a receptor and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. The main outcome of the Imd signaling is the production of antimicrobial peptides.


toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 15.


name: TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


name: endolysosomal toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


name: induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.


name: toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 10.


name: Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


name: TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TRIF adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


name: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


name: stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of C-type lectin to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and resulting in cellular activation.


name: TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


RIG-I signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding ssRNA or dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.


name: toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process.


complement activation, lectin pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

description: An intracellular signal transduction pathway that starts with a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), assembly of the inflammasome complex, leading to the activation of CASP1 and inducing an inflammatory response. In some cases, inflammasome-mediated signal transduction can lead to programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis.


name: TIRAP-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like receptor where the TIRAP/MAL adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


name: complement activation, classical pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.


toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 3.


name: induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in induced systemic resistance.


name: complement receptor mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.


toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 21.


toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 11.


name: pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. PAMP-triggered immunity PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


name: cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


name: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 2 receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 2 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response.


MDA-5 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1). MDA-5 detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines.


name: MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response.


name: nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.


toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 9.


cGAS/STING signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a double-stranded DNA or RNA from another organism to cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that activates innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STING.


activation of membrane attack complex

description: The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.


toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 2.


name: complement component C5a signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor.


name: MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: A toll-like receptor signaling pathway not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate an immune response.


toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal toll-like receptor 13.


toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 1.


name: complement activation, alternative pathway

description: Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


name: positive regulation of mast cell activation by Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway

description: An Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway that results in the change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 6.


name: cell surface toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family.


name: stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.


D-mannose binding

description: Binding to mannose, a monosaccharide hexose, stereoisomeric with glucose, that occurs naturally only in polymerized forms called mannans.


name: cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels.


name: blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels.


name: arterial endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries.


venous endothelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins.


name: negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


allene oxide synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenate = 12,13(S)-epoxylinolenate + H2O.


hemidesmosome

description: A cell-substrate junction (attachment structure) found in epithelial cells that links intermediate filaments to extracellular matrices via transmembrane complexes. In vertebrates, hemidesmosomes mediate contact between the basal side of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. In C. elegans, hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to distinct extracellular matrices on both the apical and basal cell surfaces.


gap junction

description: A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins.


paranodal junction

description: A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


apical ectoplasmic specialization

description: Testis-specific junction between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


tricellular tight junction

description: An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


primary plasmodesma

description: A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.


nephrocyte diaphragm

description: A specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney, which is adapted for filtration of hemolymph. The insect nephrocyte is anatomically and functionally similar to the glomerular podocyte of vertebrates.


muscle tendon junction

description: A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.


intercellular canaliculus

description: An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.


fascia adherens

description: A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighbouring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.


host-symbiont bicellular tight junction

description: An occluding cell-cell junction formed between the membranes of the apical end of an invading cell (e.g. a merozoite in Plasmodium) and a host target cell (e.g. erythrocyte for Plasmodium infection). The junction is a stable yet dynamic structure that moves around the symbiont cell during invasion, enclosing it in a vacuole surrounded by a membrane.


peg and socket contact

description: A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.


spot adherens junction

description: A small cell-cell adherens junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.


desmosome

description: A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.


filtration diaphragm

description: A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


smooth septate junction

description: A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.


septate junction

description: A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in arthropods.


zonula adherens

description: A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.


secondary plasmodesma

description: A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.


pleated septate junction

description: A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.


basal ectoplasmic specialization

description: Testis-specific junction between mature Sertoli cells involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.


slit diaphragm

description: A specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


puncta adhaerentia

description: A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.


plasmodesma

description: A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


flagellum attachment zone

description: A network of cytoskeletal and membranous connections responsible for the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body in some trypanosomatid species.


caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-caffeate + O2 = 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


angiogenic sprout fusion

description: The connection of an angiogenic sprout to another vessel or sprout during the formation of vascular networks by sprouting angiogenesis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H2O = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate + H+.


Other Anatomic Concept

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


intestinal villus

category: biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The tiny hair-like projections that protrude from the inside of the small intestine that contain blood vessels that capture digested nutrients that are absorbed through the intestinal wall; the villi increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine by approximately 30-fold.


name: mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the metanephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


name: somatic stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


name: mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during skeletal muscle regeneration. There are at least two mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells.


name: mesenchymal stem cell maintenance involved in nephron morphogenesis

description: The process in which an organism retains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that contributes to the shaping of a nephron. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


name: regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission.


(S)-citramalyl-CoA lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + pyruvate.


host-seeking behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.


RNA polymerase V complex

description: RNA polymerase V is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol V is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.


ABC-type molybdate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + molybdate(out) = ADP + phosphate + molybdate(in).


name: molybdate ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.


prostaglandin binding

description: Binding to prostaglandin.


name: spermidine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of spermidine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


icosanoid transport

description: The directed movement of icosanoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Icosanoids are unsaturated C20 fatty acids and skeletally related compounds.


folic acid transport

description: The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


oligosaccharide transport

description: The directed movement of oligosaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligosaccharides are molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


cortisol secretion

description: The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.


name: (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transport

description: The process in which (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl este is transported across a membrane.


L-valine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-valine across a membrane.


glutathione transport

description: The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport postsynaptic membrane to endosome

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.


ceramide transport

description: The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.


acyl carnitine transport

description: The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.


extracellular amino acid transport

description: The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.


maltodextrin transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, across a membrane.


name: anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


name: pantothenate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of pantothenate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


siderophore transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


zinc ion import into zymogen granule

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a zymogen granule.


nicotinamide mononucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


name: mitochondrial manganese ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a manganese ion is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


description: The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell, in which the norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter.


fructose import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of fructose substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: hydrogen peroxide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which hydrogen peroxide is transported across a membrane.


neurotransmitter reuptake

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.


glutamine transport

description: The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


taurine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of taurine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane

description: The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles with the postsynaptic membrane resulting in the integration of NT receptors, enabling them to participate in neurotransmitter reception. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


dendritic transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


description: A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in extracellular vesicles between cells; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the extracellular vesicle membrane.


actin filament-based transport

description: The transport of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along actin filaments.


leukotriene transport

description: The directed movement of leukotrienes into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Leukotrienes are linear C20 endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid (icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid) containing a terminal carboxy function and four or more double bonds (three or more of which are conjugated) as well as other functional groups.


milk ejection reflex

description: A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


glycine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of glycine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: G protein-coupled receptor internalization

description: The process that results in the uptake of a G protein-coupled receptor into an endocytic vesicle.


octopamine secretion

description: The controlled release of octopamine by a cell.


thiamine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of thiamine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: L-arginine transmembrane import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-arginine into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


name: UDP-galactose transmembrane import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of UDP-galactose into the Golgi lumen across the Golgi membrane.


name: positive regulation of signal transduction by receptor internalization

description: Any process in which the internalization of a signaling receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. Receptor internalization can enhance signaling by concentrating signaling molecules in one location, or by moving a ligand-activated receptor to the location of downstream signaling proteins. Endosomes for example can serve as important intracellular signaling platforms.


name: B cell receptor transport into immunological synapse

description: The directed movement of a B cell receptor into an immunological synapse.


methylammonium transmembrane transport

description: The process in which methylammonium is transported across a membrane.


arabinotriose transport

description: The directed movement of an arabinotrioseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cGMP transport

description: The directed movement of cyclic GMP (cGMP), into, out of or within a cell.


name: energy coupled proton transmembrane transport, against electrochemical gradient

description: The transport of protons across a membrane and against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from a source such as ATP hydrolysis, light, or electron transport.


description: The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell. The acetylcholine acts as a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).


epinephrine transport

description: The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


natural killer cell degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


name: nuclear migration involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

description: The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.


follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.


peroxisomal transport

description: Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


name: isopentenyl pyrophosphate import into mitochondrion

description: The process in which isopentenyl pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane into the mitochondrion.


spermidine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which spermidine is transported across a membrane.


name: L-histidine transmembrane export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of L-histidine out of the vacuole, across the vacuolar membrane.


name: xenobiotic transport across blood-nerve barrier

description: The directed movement of a xenobiotic through the blood-nerve barrier.


name: guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a guanyl nucleotide is transported across a membrane.


choline transport

description: The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


glutamine secretion

description: The controlled release of glutamine by a cell.


name: positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway by insulin receptor internalization

description: Any process in which internalization of an insulin receptor activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Endocytosis of activated receptors can concentrate receptors within endosomes and allow the insulin receptor to phosphorylate substrates that are spatially distinct from those accessible at the plasma membrane.


aminophospholipid translocation

description: The movement of an aminophospholipid molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


name: L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


ceramide translocation

description: The movement of a ceramide molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


methionine transport

description: The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


vesicle cargo loading

description: The formation of a macromolecular complex between the coat proteins and proteins and/or lipoproteins that are going to be transported by a vesicle.


name: protein transport along microtubule to mitotic spindle pole body

description: The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the mitotic spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.


methylgalactoside transport

description: The directed movement of methylgalactoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.


name: copper ion transport across blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

description: The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions passing through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.


L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which L-ascorbic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


icosanoid secretion

description: The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids from a cell or a tissue.


name: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system

description: The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.


name: symbiont intracellular protein transport in host

description: The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bicyclomycin transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of bicyclomycin across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.


name: pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a pyrimidine-containing compound is transported across a membrane. A pyrimidine-containing compound is any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


renin secretion into blood stream

description: The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells.


name: glutathione transmembrane import into vacuole

description: The directed movement of glutathione into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


description: The process in which glycerol-2-phosphate is transported across a membrane. Glycerol-2-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.


glycolipid transport

description: The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cysteine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of cysteine across a membrane.


epinephrine uptake

description: The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


bicarbonate transport

description: The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nuclear migration along microfilament

description: The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.


beta-glucan transport

description: The directed movement of beta-glucans into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.


L-aspartate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore.


lipoate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which lipoate is transported across a membrane.


zinc ion export from vacuole

description: The directed movement of zinc ions from inside the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane and into the cytosol.


name: immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells

description: The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.


vitamin B6 transport

description: The directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which alpha-ketoglutarate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


evoked neurotransmitter secretion

description: Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


juvenile hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


caveolin-mediated endocytosis

description: An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.


intermembrane phospholipid transfer

description: The transport of phospholipids between membranes in which a phospholipid molecule is transported through an aqueous phase from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


tetracycline transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


D-glucuronate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion

description: The process in which a rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, is transported from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.


thiosulfate transport

description: The directed movement of thiosulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ATP transport

description: The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


quinolinic acid transmembrane transport

description: The process in which quinolinic acid is transported across a membrane.


description: The process in which phosphoglycerate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


aspartate secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of aspartate by a cell in which the aspartate acts as a neurotransmitter.


N-acetylglucosamine transport

description: The directed movement of N-acetylglucosamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glycolate transport

description: The directed movement of a glycolate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: macropinocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell

description: Any macropinocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell.


hydroxycinnamic acid transport

description: The directed movement of a hydroxycinnamic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


arabinitol transmembrane transport

description: The process in which arabitol is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


misfolded protein transport

description: The directed movement of misfolded proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.


NAD transport

description: The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


zinc ion transmembrane transport

description: A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


basement membrane constituent secretion

description: The controlled release of molecules that form the basement membrane, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.


endocytic heme import into cell

description: The directed movement into cell of externally available heme by receptor-mediated endocytosis.


threonine transport

description: The directed movement of threonine, (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


surfactant secretion

description: The regulated release of surfactant by a cell or tissue.


phytochelatin transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a phytochelatin is transported across a membrane. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


name: L-histidine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-histidine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


late endosome to lysosome transport

description: The directed movement of substances from late endosome to lysosome.


name: inorganic cation import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


uracil transport

description: The directed movement of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


description: The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.


peroxisome transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of a peroxisome along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


name: fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release.


name: renal sodium ion absorption involved in negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

description: Any process where sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron, which contributes to decreasing the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine per unit time.


name: proteasome core complex import into nucleus

description: The directed movement of the proteasome core complex (AKA core particle (CP)) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


postsynaptic endocytosis

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the postsynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


name: acetylcholine-induced gastric acid secretion

description: The regulated release of gastric acid by parietal cells in response to acetylcholine.


name: release of sequestered calcium ion into postsynaptic cytosol

description: The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the postsynaptic cytosol.


serotonin secretion by mast cell

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


name: establishment of protease localization to T cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


nicotinamide riboside transport

description: The directed movement of a nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cholesterol import

description: The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


BMP secretion

description: The controlled release of a member of the BMP family of proteins from a cell.


citric acid secretion

description: The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


adenine nucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: histamine secretion mediated by immunoglobulin

description: Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface.


dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

description: The regulated release of dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) into the circulatory system.