thoracic outlet syndrome

description: A syndrome resulting from the compression of the blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and first rib (thoracic outlet). It is caused by car accident injuries or repetitive job or sport-related injuries. Signs and symptoms include pain in the shoulders and neck, numbness in the fingers, and weakening grip.


name: epidermodysplasia verruciformis, susceptibility to, 4

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the RHOH gene, encoding Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoH. It presents in childhood and is characterized by defects in T-cell development and signaling leading to increased susceptibility to certain human papilloma viruses (HPV) that cause warty skin lesions that are unresponsive to treatment.


selective IgG subclass deficiency

description: A classification of dysgammaglobulinemias characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of one of the four immunoglobulin class G (IgG) subclasses. Selective IgG1 deficiency is rare and primarily decreases the immune response to bacterial protein antigens. Selective IgG2 deficiency is the most common subclass deficiency among children and primarily leads to an inadequate response to bacterial polysaccharide antigens. Selective IgG3 deficiency is the most common subclass deficiency among adults and also primarily lowers the response to bacterial proteins. Selective IgG4 deficiency may be a clinically insignificant developmental variant, as IgG4 is a subclass that is virtually undetectable until the end of the first decade of life. Low levels of any IgG subclass will reduce the immune system's effectiveness and thus the clinical presentation of these diseases is usually recurrent infection, particularly by encapsulated bacteria.


name: Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Mutated TP53

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of TP53 gene mutations.


name: chromosome 16p12.1 deletion syndrome, 520kb

description: A condition caused by a 520 kb deletion at 16p12.1. It is characterized by developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphology and congenital heart defects.


name: cauda equina syndrome with neurogenic bladder

description: A rare neurologic disorder caused by impingement of the nerve roots of the cauda equina secondary to disk herniation, spinal stenosis, vertebral fracture, neoplasm or infection. Clinical signs may include bladder or bowel dysfunction, paresthesia and weakness of the lower extremities. The development of neurogenic bladder implies that surgical decompression was either ineffective, delayed or not attempted.


fetal hydantoin syndrome

description: Fetal hydantoin syndrome is a drug-related embryofetopathy that can occur when an embryo/fetus is exposed to the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, characterized by distinct craniofacial anomalies (hypertelorism and epicanthal folds, short nose and deep nasal bridge, malformed and low set ears, short neck) as well as hypoplastic distal phalanges and underdevelopment of nails of fingers and toes, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and neurological impairment (at a 2-3 times higher risk than that of the general population) including cognitive deficits and motor developmental delay. Less commonly, microcephaly, ocular defects, oral clefts, umbilical and inguinal hernias, hypospadias and cardiac anomalies have also been reported.


trisomy X

description: Trisomy X is a sex chromosome anomaly with a variable phenotype caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in females (47,XXX instead of 46,XX).


Refractory Neurofibromatosis Type 1

description: Neurofibromatosis type 1 that is resistant to treatment.


Immunodeficiency 66

description: An autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency caused by mutation(s) in the MRTFA (MKL1) gene, encoding myocardin-related transcription factor A. It is characterized by neutropenia and recurrent bacterial infections in infancy.


name: Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome of mixed type

description: Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome associated with overlapping features of both the neurological and myxedematous variants.


name: developmental defect during embryogenesis

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of embryonic morphogenesis.


Genitourinary syndrome of menopause

description: A spectrum of lower urogenital tract signs and symptoms that are associated with the decreased production of estrogen experienced during menopause.  Findings may include genital dryness, burning or irritation, dyspareunia, decreased libido, urinary urgency, dysuria and recurrent urinary tract infections.


Rare Neoplastic Syndrome

description: A broad classification for uncommon disorders in which the development of neoplasms occur in association with a characteristic set of signs or symptoms. These disorders commonly have a genetic basis. The types of neoplasms themselves are not necessarily uncommon.


complex regional pain syndrome type 1

description: Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) is a form of complex regional pain syndrome in which the pain is disproportionate to any known inciting event and is characterized by continuous pain, allodynia, or hyperalgesia as well as edema, coloration (changes in skin blood flow), or abnormal sudomotor activity in the region of pain. Onset of CRPS1 symptoms may occur within a few days to a month after an injury or trauma to the affected limb.


labyrinthitis

description: Inflammation of the inner ear. The cause is often not clear. It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication.


Usher syndrome type 1

description: A syndrome characterized by congenital, bilateral, severe sensorineural hearing loss, abnormalities in the vestibular system, and adolescent-onset retinitis pigmentosa.


name: Gray syndrome from chloramphenicol administration in newborn

description: A disorder observed in a newborn who was exposed to chloramphenicol. Manifestations include hypotension, cyanosis, cardiovascular collapse and/or death.


acquired Fanconi syndrome

description: Fanconi Syndrome caused by exposure to noxious agents.


Hypomorphic RAG1 Deficiency

description: A condition of decreased or absent presence or activity of V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1. Deficiency of this protein is associated with Omenn syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, b cell-negative, combined cellular and humoral immune defects with granulomas, and alpha/beta T-cell lymphopenia with gamma/delta T-cell expansion, severe cytomegalovirus infection, and autoimmunity.


name: BRCA2-Associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by deleterious mutations in the BRCA2 gene. Patients are at high risk of developing female and male breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and other cancers including prostatic cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and melanoma.


Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome

description: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome is a rare X-linked multiple congenital anomalies syndrome, characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, distinctive craniofacial features, variable congenital malformations, organomegaly and an increased tumor risk.


name: chromosome 8-derived supernumerary ring/marker

description: Chromosome 8-derived supernumerary ring/marker is a rare chromosomal anomaly comprising variable parts of chromosome 8. The phenotype of mosaic or non-mosaic supernumerary r(8)/mar(8) ranges from almost normal to variable degrees of minor abnormalities, and growth and mental retardation overlapping with the well-known mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome.


name: Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Polyneuropathy

description: A rare, progressive, autosomally dominant inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in the TTR gene encoding transthyretin (prealbumin).  It is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils in the peripheral nervous system.


Amyloid Neuropathies

description: Neuropathy caused by amyloid deposition in the peripheral nerves.


rotenones

Members of the class of rotenoid which consists of a 6a,12a-dihydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromen-12(6H)-one skeleton and its substituted products.


Neonatal Graves' disease

description: Graves disease in the neonate resulting from transplacental passage of thyrotropin receptor antibody.


Astler-Coller C2 Rectal Carcinoma

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


adult kidney Wilms tumor

description: Wilms tumor of the kidney which occurs in adults.


Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma

description: Melanoma that arises from the mucosal surface of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.


name: Open fracture of shaft of metacarpal bone

description: A traumatic break in the diaphysis of the metacarpal bone that involves a break in the adjacent skin.


FHL1-related myopathy

description: A group of myopathies that includes Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), and two allelic disorders characterized by the presence of reducing body on histopathology, namely reducing body myopathy (RBM) and scapuloperoneal myopathy.


Placental Villous Fibrosis

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Increased density of placental villous stroma, often with decreased capillarization compared to what would be expected for gestational age.


Placental hypertrophy

description: Aberrant growth of the placenta.


anatomical entity

category: biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.


material anatomical entity

description: Anatomical entity that has mass.


anatomical structure

description: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.


Grade 3 Colon Adenocarcinoma

description: A colon adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant cellular infiltrate with less than 50% glandular formation.


tendon sheath lipoma

description: A benign tumor, composed of mature adipocytes, that arises within the tendon sheath.


benign synovial neoplasm

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the synovial membrane. Examples include the diffuse giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and localized giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.


name: tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type

description: A well-circumscribed, lobulated tumor, completely or partially covered by a fibrous capsule. It usually arises in the fingers. It is characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, foam cells, and an inflammatory infiltrate. The tumor is slow-growing, usually developing over several years. Clinical presentation includes painless edema of the affected site.


(S)-bopindolol

A 1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(2-methyl-1H-indol-4-yl)oxy]propan-2-yl benzoate that has S-configuration.


imidazobenzazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a benzazepine.


name: 2-chloro-10-phenothiazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


dibenzooxazepine

An organic heterotricyclic compound consisting of two benzene rings fused to a seven-membered ring containing one oxygen and one nitrogen atom.


organic heterotricyclic compound

An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.


A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 4aH-phenothiazine substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7.


A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridin-9-amine substituted by [(furan-2-yl)methyl]amino and ethoxy groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively. It is a lysine deficient protein kinase (WNK) signaling inhibitor (IC50 = 16 muM).


(R)-profenamine

The (R)-enantiomer of profenamine.


levomepromazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.


paralytic shellfish toxin

An alkaloid compound that is 2,6-diamino-4-methyl-pyrollo[1,2-c]-purin-10-diol produced by several cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, which can result in paralytic shellfish poisoning when ingested.


A 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one in which both stereocentres have R configuration.


pacatal

A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.


A member of the class of rifamycins that is obtained by formal N-hydroxylation at position 2' of rifampicin.


IMINOSTILBENE

A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a seven-membered nitrogen hetrocycle fused with two benzene rings.


acridine yellow cation

The monoprotonated form of 2,7-dimethylacridine-3,6-diamine.


pyridoisoquinoline

An organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton derived from a pyridine ring fused to an isoquinoline.


ATTO 465-2(1+)

The cationic form of 3,6-diamino-10-(3-carboxypropyl)acridine.


(S)-aceprometazine

The (S)-enantiomer of aceprometazine.


benzochromenone

A benzochromene in which the heterotricyclic ring system is substituted by an oxo group.


(S)-mosapramine

A 1'-[3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl]hexahydro-2H-spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,4'-piperidin]-2-one that has (S)-configuration.


promazine sulfoxide

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is promazine carrying an oxo group at position 5. It is a metabolite of the anti-psychotic medication, chlorpromazine.


clopenthixol

A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


propiomazine

A member of the class of  phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)propyl group at nitrogen atom and a propanoyl group at position 2.


imidazobenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is ortho-fused with a imidazole.


rifaximin

A semisynthetic member of the class of rifamycins and non-systemic gastrointestinal site-specific broad spectrum antibiotic. Used in the treatment of traveller's diarrhoea, hepatic encephalopathy and irritable bowel syndrome.


psoralens

A furanocoumarin with a 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


furanocoumarin

Any furochromene that consists of a furan ring fused with a coumarin. The fusion may occur in different ways in give several isomers.


O-(ADP-D-ribosyl) derivative of rifampicin; major species at pH 7.3.


homofenazine

A phenothiazine derivative having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)diazepin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.


A benzocycloheptapyridine that is benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 3 and 10 by bromines, at position 8 by chlorine, and at position 11 by an N-acetylpiperidin-4-yl group in which one of the hydrogens of the acetyl moiety has been replaced by a 1-carbamoylpiperidin-4-yl group.


acridine orange cation

The monoprotonated form of 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridine.


thienotriazolodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound constructed from fused thiophene, triazole and diazepeine rings.


27-O-demethylrifamycin SV

A member of the class of rifamycins that is rifamycin SV lacking the O-methyl group at position 27.


(S)-etodolac

The S-enantiomer of etodolac. It is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, whereas the enantiomer, (R)-etodolac, is inactive. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain.


(R)-carprofen

The (R)-(-)-enantiomer of carprofen.


(S)-carprofen

The (S)-(+)-enantiomer of carprofen.


pyrroloquinoxaline

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to a quinoxaline ring system.


ATTO 495-2(1+)

The cationic form of 10-(3-carboxypropyl)-3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridine.


thianthrenes

An organic heterotricyclic compound containing a thianthrene skeleton.


furanochromone

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is chromone which is ortho-fused to a furan ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.


(R)-aceprometazine

The (R)-enantiomer of aceprometazine.


polychlorinated dibenzofuran

A member of the class of benzofurans that is benzofuran in which two or more of the hydrogens have reen replaced by chlorines.


(R)-mosapramine

A 1'-[3-(3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl]hexahydro-2H-spiro[imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3,4'-piperidin]-2-one that has (R)-configuration.


pyridochromene

An organic heterotricyclic compound composed of a pyridine ring fused to a chromene.


propyromazine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-propyromazine.


phenanthridines

Any  dibenzopyridine based on the skeleton of phenanthridine and its substituted derivatives thereof.


metofenazate

A phenothiazine derivative having a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 4-substituted 3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone

Any naphthopyran whose skeleton consists of a naphathalene ring system ortho-fused to a gamma-pyrone.


HYDROMETHYLTHIONINE

A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine in which the ring hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 have been replaced by dimethylamino groups.


pyrimidobenzodiazepine

Any three-ring heterocyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to a benzodiazepine bicycle.


diazepinoindole

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a diazepine ring fused to an indole.


The R-enantiomer of etodolac. It is inactive, in contrast to the enantiomer, (S)-etodolac, which is a preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The racemate is commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain.


(R)-propyromazine

A 1-methyl-1-[1-oxo-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-yl]pyrrolidinium that has R-configuration.


A member of the class of rifamycins that is rifamycin itself in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 21 has been replaced by a phosphono group.


The (-)-stereoisomer of SKF-10,047.


beta-carbolines

Any pyridoindole containing a beta-carboline skeleton and their hydrogenated derivatives


tetrabenazine

A 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


thioproperazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a dimethylaminosulfonyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at N-10.


harmala alkaloid

Any member of a class of naturally occurring alkaloids based on a 1-methyl-9H-beta-carboline skeleton.


acridine orange

Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.


benzofuropyrimidine

An organic heterotricyclic compound in which pyrmidine is ortho-fused to a bicyclic benzofuran ring.


chlorpromazine N-oxide

An organochlorine compound that is chlorpromazine in which the acyclic tertiary amino group has been converted into the corresponding N-oxide.


azepinoindole

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of an azepine ring fused to an indole.


acridine half-mustard

A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 2, chlorine at position 6, and a {3-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]propyl}amino group at position 9.


benzoquinolizine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a quinolizine fused to a benzene ring.


A furanocoumarin which bears a methoxy group at position 5.


dibenzodioxine

Oxanthrene (formerly dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxine) and its derivatives.


flavin

A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


pyridobenzodiazepine

Any three-ring heterocyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyridine ring ortho-fused to a benzodiazepine.


dibenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two benzene rings fused to a diazepine ring.


pyrazoloquinoline

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a pyrazole ring ortho-fused to a quinoline.


(S)-propyromazine

A 1-methyl-1-[1-oxo-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propan-2-yl]pyrrolidinium that has S-configuration.


dibenzofurans

Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.


flupenthixol

A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.


naphtho-alpha-pyrone

Any naphthopyran whose skeleton consists of a naphathalene ring system ortho-fused to an alpha-pyrone.


triazolobenzodiazepine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is ortho-fused with a triazole.


naphthopyran

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring ortho-fused to a naphthalene.


perazine

A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.


proflavine

An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.


metiazinic acid

Phenothiazine substituted at nitrogen by a methyl group and at C-2 by a carboxymethyl group.


pyrimido-indole

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an indole.


thiopropazate

A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has a chloro subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.


(+)-SKF 10.047

The (+)-stereoisomer of SKF-10,047.


thioxanthenes

Thioxanthene and its substitution derivatives.


CARBAMAZEPINE EPOXIDE

An  epoxide and metabolite of carbamazepine.


pyrrolopurine

Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyrrole ring fused to a purine ring system.


LICARBAZEPINE

A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine, reduced across the C-10,11 positions and carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen and a hydroxy function at C-10. A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker with anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing effects, it is related to oxcarbazepine and is an active metabolite of oxcarbazepine.


Functioning Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: A lung neuroendocrine tumor that is associated with carcinoid syndrome.


3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria

description: 3 hydroxyisobutyric aciduria is characterized by ketoacidotic episodes, cerebral anomalies and facial dysmorphism. It is an organic aciduria that involves valine metabolism. Thirteen cases have been described in the literature so far. Transmission is thought to be autosomal recessive.


3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4

description: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) type IV, or unclassified 3-MGA, is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by increased 3-methylglutaconic acid excretion in individuals that cannot be classified as having one of the other forms of 3-MGA (3-MGA I, II or III).


name: thiamine-responsive maple syrup urine disease

description: Thiamine-responsive maple syrup urine disease (thiamine-responsive MSUD) is a less severe variant of MSUD that manifests with a phenotype similar to intermediate MSUD but that responds positively to treatment with thiamine.


classic maple syrup urine disease

description: Classic maple syrup urine disease (classic MSUD) is the most severe and probably common form of MSUD characterized by a maple syrup odor in the cerumen at birth, poor feeding, lethargy and focal dystonia, followed by progressive encephalopathy and central respiratory failure if untreated.


name: vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia

description: Vitamin B12-responsive methylmalonic acidemia (MA) is an inborn error of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) metabolism characterized by recurrent ketoacidotic comas or transient vomiting, dehydration, hypotonia and intellectual deficit, which responds to vitamin B12. There are three types: cblA, cblB and cblD-variant 2 (cblDv2).


name: Unresectable Pleural Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma

description: Pleural sarcomatoid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Pleural Desmoplastic Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of dense collagenized stroma occupying at least 50% of the tumor. The malignant cells are arranged in a vague storiform pattern.


name: Unresectable Peritoneal Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: Peritoneal epithelioid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Paratesticular Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma

description: Paratesticular sarcomatoid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Paratesticular Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: A rare malignant mesothelioma arising from the tunica vaginalis. It is characterized by the presence of cells with epithelioid morphology. The epithelioid cells usually have eosinophilic cytoplasm, bland nuclei, and form tubulopapillary, microglandular, or sheet-like patterns.


Desmoplastic mesothelioma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells. It is characterized by the presence of a dense collagenous tissue and atypical neoplastic cells. Sarcomatoid features, collagenous necrosis, and infiltration of muscle and adipose tissue may be present. It occurs in the pleura and less commonly in the peritoneum.


Peritoneal Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the peritoneum. It is characterized by the presence of cells with epithelioid morphology. The epithelioid cells usually have eosinophilic cytoplasm, bland nuclei, and form tubulopapillary, microglandular, or sheet-like patterns.


malignant biphasic mesothelioma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells in the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelioid cells and sarcomatoid features.


name: Unresectable Paratesticular Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: Paratesticular epithelioid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Peritoneal Biphasic Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the peritoneum. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid and sarcomatoid components, with each component representing at least 10% of the tumor.


name: Unresectable Pleural Biphasic Mesothelioma

description: Pleural biphasic mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Paratesticular Biphasic Mesothelioma

description: Paratesticular biphasic mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Paratesticular Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma

description: A rare malignant mesothelioma arising from the tunica vaginalis. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells. Anaplastic morphologic features and multinucleated malignant cells may also be seen.


name: Unresectable Peritoneal Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma

description: Peritoneal sarcomatoid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


pleural biphasic mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid and sarcomatoid components, with each component representing at least 10% of the tumor.


Advanced Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: Epithelioid mesothelioma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


sarcomatoid mesothelioma

description: A diffuse malignant mesothelioma arising from the pleura and less often the peritoneum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells. Anaplastic morphologic features and multinucleated malignant cells may also be seen.


pleural sarcomatoid mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura and is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells forming fascicles, or that are distributed haphazardly resembling a sarcoma.


Paratesticular Biphasic Mesothelioma

description: A rare malignant mesothelioma arising from the tunica vaginalis. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid and sarcomatoid components, with each component representing at least 10% of the tumor.


name: Unresectable Pleural Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Recurrent Epithelioid Mesothelioma

description: The reemergence of epithelioid mesothelioma after a period of remission.


pleural epithelioid mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the pleura and is characterized by the presence of cells with epithelioid morphology. The epithelioid cells usually have eosinophilic cytoplasm, bland nuclei, and form tubulopapillary, microglandular, or sheet-like patterns.


name: Unresectable Peritoneal Biphasic Mesothelioma

description: Peritoneal biphasic mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Peritoneal Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that arises from the peritoneum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells. Anaplastic morphologic features and multinucleated malignant cells may also be seen.


malignant epithelioid mesothelioma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells in the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with an epithelioid appearance. In the majority of cases, the neoplastic epithelioid cells lack significant cytologic atypia; mitotic figures are infrequently seen. In a minority of cases, the neoplastic cells are poorly differentiated and there is evidence of nuclear atypia and increased mitotic activity.


name: Penile squamous cell carcinoma metastatic

description: Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Penile squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Childhood Protoplasmic Astrocytoma

description: A protoplasmic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Recurrent Childhood Protoplasmic Astrocytoma

description: The reemergence of protoplasmic astrocytoma in childhood after a period of remission.


name: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma recurrent

description: Reemergence of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma after a period of remission.


name: male pseudohermaphroditism due to defective lh molecule


Hard Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the hard palate.  It usually presents as a papillary or exophytic mass.


Squamous cell carcinoma of palate

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the hard or soft palate.


sebaceous gland cancer

description: A cancer that involves the sebaceous gland.


benign neoplasm of sebaceous gland

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the sebaceous gland.


gamma-aminooctyl-GTP

A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which one of the OH groups at the gamma-position of the triphosphate is replaced by an 8-aminooctylamino group.


Gastric Granular Cell Tumor

description: A benign or malignant granular cell tumor that arises from the stomach.


Benign Gastric Granular Cell Tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage IV Penile Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades other adjacent structures.  N3: Metastasis in deep inguinal or pelvic lymph node(s) unilateral or bilateral.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Penile Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of penile carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Stage III Penile Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  T2: Tumor invades corpus spongiosum or cavernosum.  T3: Tumor invades urethra or prostate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in single superficial, inguinal lymph node. N2: Metastasis in multiple or bilateral superficial inguinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage I Penile Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage II Penile Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single superficial, inguinal lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage 0 Penile Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0) and (Ta, N0, M0).  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  Ta: Non-invasive verrucous carcinoma.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


acute cholinergic dysautonomia

description: A primary dysautonomia characterized by hypohidrosis and selective parasympathetic peripheral autonomic nerve disturbances of acute onset.


distal 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome

description: Distal 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome is a rare partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 17 with a variable phenotype characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, macrocephaly, mild facial dysmorphisms including prominent forehead, hypertelorism, thick upper and/or lower lip vermillion, and structural abnormalities of the brain variably including white matter abnormalities, prominent Virchow-Robin spaces, Chiari I malformation, corpus callosum hypoplasia, but no lissencephaly.


distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome

description: Distal 17p13.1 microdeletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome characterized by mild global developmental delay/intellectual disability with poor to absent speech, dysmorphic features (long midface, retrognathia with overbite, protruding ears), microcephaly, failure to thrive, wide-based gait and a body posture with knee and elbow flexion and hands held in a midline.


name: chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome, 1.4Mb

description: A rare severe form of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) characterized by mild facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, intellectual disability, increased risk of malignancies, and a large number of neurofibromas.


name: partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 17


distal monosomy 17q

description: Distal monosomy 17q is a very rare chromosomal disorder of unknown prevalence characterized by multiple craniofacial (microcephaly and eye, ear, and nose deformities), limb and other multiple organ abnormalities, growth and motor retardation and intellectual deficit. The syndrome is frequently lethal. The deletions include 17(q21.3q23), 17(q21.3q24.2), 17(q23.q24.3) and 17(q23.1q24.2).


17q24.2 microdeletion syndrome

description: A rare, genetic, multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic features-intellectual disability syndrome characterized by developmental and speech delay, intellectual disability, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, growth retardation, and associated malformations such as abnormality of fingers and toes (i.e. clinodactyly of the 5th finger, 2-3 toe syndactyly), microcephaly, heart defects, and upper airways anomalies. Observed facial dysmorphism includes hypertelorism, small, narrow or downslanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, epicanthus, ear malformations, broad nasal bridge, bulbous/prominent nose, short philtrum, thin lips, retrognathia/micrognathia, arched/cleft palate, and dental anomalies. Additional variable manifestations include hearing and visual impairment, seizures, joint anomalies, obesity, and behavioral/psychiatric disorders.


inherited cutis laxa

description: An instance of cutis laxa that is inherited.


autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2

description: A spectrum of connective tissue disorders characterized by the association of wrinkled, redundant and sagging inelastic skin with growth and developmental delay, and skeletal anomalies. The spectrum ranges from patients with classic ARCL2 (ARCL, Debre) type) to patients with a milder form of the disease, wrinkled skin syndrome (WSS).


name: cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 2E


acquired cutis laxa

description: An instance of cutis laxa that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


craniofaciofrontodigital syndrome

description: Craniofaciofrontodigital is a rare multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by mild intellectual disability, short stature, cardiac anomalies, mild dysmorphic features (macrocephaly, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, exophthalmos), cutis laxa, joint hyperlaxity, wrinkled palms and soles and skeletal anomalies (sella turcica, wide ribs and small vertebral bodies).


name: cutis laxa, autosomal recessive, type 1d


Paratesticular Leiomyosarcoma

description: A leiomyosarcoma that arises from the paratesticular region.


name: cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma

description: A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by increased cellularity, sheet-like proliferation of fibroblastic cells, and increased mitotic activity. Necrotic changes are commonly present.


chromosome X disorder

description: Chromosomal disorder in which chromosome X is affected.


name: paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome X


description: X-linked intellectual disability-retinitis pigmentosa syndrome is characterized by moderate intellectual deficit and severe, early-onset retinitis pigmentosa. It has been described in five males spanning three generations of one family. Some patients also had microcephaly. It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait.


name: maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome X


name: partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome X

description: Chromosome Xq duplication is a chromosome abnormality that affects many different parts of the body. People with this condition have an extra copy of the genetic material located on the long arm (q) of the X chromosome in each cell. The severity of the condition and the associated signs and symptoms vary based on the size and location of theduplication;the genes involved; and the sex of the affected person. In general, males are typically more severely affected than females and often experience intellectual disability, developmental delay, short stature, abnormalities of the reproductive organs, anddistinctive craniofacial features. Many females with this duplication do not have any symptoms or are only affected with short stature; however, some may be just as severely affected as males with the condition. Most cases are inherited in an X-linked manner, often from a mother with no signs or symptoms of the condition. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


name: partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome X


49,XXXYY syndrome

description: 49, XXXYY syndrome is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when a male inherits two extra copies of the X chromosome and one extra copy of the Y chromosome. The condition is extremely rare with only a handful of cases reported in the medical literature. Signs and symptoms associated with these cases include severe intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, normal to tall stature, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, and behavioral abnormalities. 49, XXXYY syndrome is likely caused by a mistake (called nondisjunction) that occurs at conception or during the formation of the sperm and/or egg. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


tetrasomy X

description: Tetrasomy X is a sex chromosome anomaly caused by the presence of two extra X chromosomes in females (48,XXXX instead of 46,XX).


name: partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome X


Xq12-q13.3 duplication syndrome

description: Xq12-q13.3 duplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome X, characterized by global developmental delay, autistic behavior, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism (including down-slanting palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nares, long philtrum, down-slanting corners of the mouth). Seizures have also been reported in some patients.


Xp22.3 microdeletion syndrome

description: Xp22.3 microdeletion syndrome is a microdeletion syndrome resulting from a partial deletion of the chromosome X. Phenotype is highly variable (depending on length of deletion), but is mainly characterized by X linked ichthyosis, mild-moderate intellectual deficit, Kallmann syndrome, short stature, chondrodysplasia punctata and ocular albinism. Epilepsy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism and difficulties with social communication can be associated.


X small rings

description: X small rings is a rare chromosome X structural anomaly, with highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism (incl. microcephaly, facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, long palpebral fissures, epicanthus, low-set or malrotated ears, broad nose with a flat nasal bridge, anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin upper lip, high arched palate, micrognathia) and skeletal anomalies (e.g. cubitus valgus, talipes equinovarus). Patients may also present heart malformations (e.g. ventricular septal defects, mitral valve stenosis), sacral dimple, soft tissue syndactyly, pigmented nevi, and seizures.


name: atypical Norrie disease due to monosomy Xp11.3

description: Atypical Norrie disease due to monosomy Xp11.3 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome X, principally characterized by classical Norrie disease (bilateral, severe retinal malformations and opacity of the lens leading to congenital blindness, on occasion associated with progressive sensorineural deafness and intellectual disability), microcephaly, hypotonia, psychomotor and growth delay, moderate to severe mental handicap and disruptive behavior. Clinical phenotype is highly variable and immunodeficiency, epilepsy and hypogonadism have also been reported.


distal Xq28 microduplication syndrome

description: Distal Xq28 microduplication syndrome is a rare, hereditary, syndromic intellectual disability characterized by cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychiatric problems, recurrent infections, atopic diseases, and distinctive facial features in males. Females are clinically asymptomatic or mildly affected, presenting mild learning difficulties and facial dysmorphism.


name: partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome X


Vaginal Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ tumor that arises from the vagina.


Vaginal Dermoid Cyst

description: A rare benign cystic teratoma that arises from the vagina. It presents as a slow growing cyst in the vaginal wall that contains sebaceous material and hair. The cyst is lined by squamous epithelium. Skin adnexal structures and sometimes smooth and skeletal muscle are present.


Prostatic Pain

description: Pain in the prostate gland.


Fontanelle depressed

description: Membranous areas between cranial bones in a newborn that appear depressed or sunken.


epithelioid cell synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma characterized by the presence of an epithelial cell component only. The epithelial cells are arranged in glandular or papillary structures.


name: autoimmune disease, susceptibility to, 2


name: Disseminated varicella zoster vaccine virus infection

description: A rare systemic and life-threatening infection associated with vaccination with the live attenuated strain of the Varicella-zoster virus, Oka.


Gonadal Myoid Stromal Tumor

description: A rare, benign, well-circumscribed tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of fascicles of spindle cells showing muscle cell differentiation. It lacks sex cord differentiation.


isoprenoid

Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate

A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.


limonoid

Any triterpenoid that is highly oxygenated and has a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. The term 'limonoid' comes from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles.


LINALOOL (+)

The (R)-enantiomer of linalool.


A p-menthane monoterpenoid in which p-menthane carries hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-8.


carotene

Hydrocarbon carotenoids.


(+)-neoisodihydrocarveol

The (1R,2S,5R)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


(+)-isodihydrocarveol

The (1S,2S,4R)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


tetraterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


ginsenoside

Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.


scalarane sesterterpenoid

A class of sesterterpenoids based on the structure of the hypothetical sesterterpene scalarane.


(-)-neoisodihydrocarveol

A dihydrocarveol with a (1R,2S,4S)-configuration.


all-trans-retinyl octanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


sesquiterpene lactone

Any member of a diverse class of complex, multicyclic phytochemicals showing a variety of skeleton arrangements and bioactivities, and having in common a sesquiterpenoid structure including a lactone ring.


(-)-cis-carveol

The (1R,5R)-stereoisomer of carveol.


A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.


polyprenol phosphate

A prenol phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the terminal allylic hydroxy group of a polyprenol with 1 mol eq. of phosphoric acid.


polyprenol

Any member of the class of  prenols possessing the general formula H-[CH2C(Me)=CHCH2]nOH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of more than one isoprene units.


triterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


cyclic monoterpene ketone

A cyclic terpene ketone in which the terpene specified is monoterpene.


quassinoid

Members of the class of triterpenoid, mostly isolated as bitter principles of the Simaroubaceae family. They are chemically regarded as degraded triterpenes and can be categorized into groups with C18, C19, C20, C22 and C25 skeletons.


cucurbitacin

Any one of a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids, formally derived from the triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane, developed by some plants (especially those of the family Cucurbitaceaeas) as a defence mechanism against herbivores.


tetracyclic diterpenoid

A diterpenoid with a tetracyclic skeleton.


monoterpene ketone

A terpene ketone derived from a monoterpene.


sesterterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a sesterterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C25 skeleton of the parent sesterterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). Sometimes sesterterpenoids are erroneously referred to as sesterpenoids.


all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinoic acid

A retinoid obtained by 3,4-desaturation of beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinoic acid


terpene

A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].


sesquiterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


BORNEOL

A bornane monoterpenoid that is 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


vitamin A palmitate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.


tetracyclic triterpenoid

Any triterpenoid consisting of a tetracyclic skeleton.


eudesmane sesquiterpenoid

Any sesquiterpenoid having a eudesmane skeleton.


all-trans-retinyl dodecanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of dodecanoic (lauric) acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


acitretin

A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.


abietane diterpenoid

A diterpenoid based on an  abietane skeleton.


picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid

A group of sesquiterpenoids whose structure is based on a hexahydroindane skeleton, as exemplified by picrotin.


hexacyclic triterpenoid

A triterpenoid that consists of a hexacyclic ring system.


monoterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C10 skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


phorbol ester

Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.


prenols

Any alcohol possessing the general formula H-[CH2C(Me)=CHCH2]nOH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of one or more isoprene units (biogenetic precursors of the isoprenoids).


(+)-neodihydrocarveol

A dihydrocarveol with a (1R,2S,4R)-configuration.


VITAMIN A2

A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol.


(+)-dihydrocarveol

A dihydrocarveol with (1S,2S,4S)-stereochemistry.


(-)-isodihydrocarveol

The (1R,2R,4S)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


(-)-dihydrocarveol

The (1R,2R,4R)-stereoisomer of  dihydrocarveol.


diterpene glycoside

A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.


retinol

A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


retinoid

Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.


tetraterpene

A C40 terpene.


all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


carotenoid beta-end derivative

Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group


terpenoid

Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.


sesquarterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a sesquarterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C35 skeleton of the parent sesquarterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


cyclic terpene ketone

An alicyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure forms part of a terpene skeleton.


germacranolide

A sesquiterpene lactone based on germacrane skeleton.


(-)-CAMPHOR

The S-enantiomer of camphor.


carotenoid

One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, psi,psi-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of psi,psi-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded.


(-)-neodihydrocarveol

The (1R,2S,5S)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


(+)-cis-carveol

The (1S,5S)-stereoisomer of carveol.


terpene glycoside

A terpenoid in which one or more hydroxy functions are glycosylated.


retinoic acid

A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


all-trans-retinyl heptanoate

An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of heptanoic acid with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol.


all-trans-retinyl ester

A retintinyl ester in which all double bonds of the retinyl side-chain have trans-configuration.


(S)-linalool

The (S)-enantiomer of linalool.


terpene ketone

Any terpenoid which contains a keto group.


diterpenoid

Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).


labdane diterpenoid

Any diterpenoid with a labdane skeleton.


triterpenoid saponin

A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a triterpenoid.


CAMPHOR

The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.


Duodenal Adenoma

description: A circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the duodenum. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous.


Benign Periampullary Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the periampullary region and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential..


Atypical Type A Thymoma

description: A rare type A thymoma displaying atypical features (hypercellularity, increased mitotic activity, and focal necrosis).


name: Pathologic Stage I Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Maximum clinical tumor diameter equal to or less than 2 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Cellular neurothekeoma

description: A nerve sheath myxoma with increased cellularity.


name: cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

description: An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma arising from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells in a storiform pattern and histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm.


anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney

description: A kidney sarcoma that is characterized by a proliferation of anaplastic spindle cells with bizarre, pleomorphic nuclei and atypical mitotic figures.


Gastric dysplasia

description: A intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia) that arises in either the native gastric mucosa or in metaplastic gastric epithelium.  It has a flat, polypoid or slightly depressed growth pattern.  It is graded as low grade (mild dysplasia) or high grade (moderate dysplasia and carcinoma in situ).  (WHO, 2000)


dioctophymiasis

description: A disease caused by infection with Dioctophyme renale.


Enoplea infectious disease

description: Infections with nematodes of the order enoplida.


capillariasis

description: A infectious disease involving the Capillaria.


Trichinella spiralis infectious disease

description: An disease or disorder caused by infection with Trichinella spiralis.


name: heterotaxy, visceral, 10, autosomal, with male infertility


name: malignant central nervous system mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasm

description: A metastasizing mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasm that arises from the central nervous system.


name: central nervous system melanocytic neoplasm

description: A primary tumor of the central nervous system that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes. It may present as a diffuse proliferative leptomeningeal process (often as a component of the neurocutaneous melanosis complex) or as a distinct mass lesion.


name: central nervous system extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the brain or spinal cord.


diencephalic cancer

description: A cancer involving a diencephalon.


meningeal melanomatosis

description: A meningeal melanoma with secondary diffuse meningeal spread. (WHO)


name: rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2

description: Any familial rhabdoid tumor in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SMARCA4 gene.


cerebral sarcoma

description: A sarcoma involving a telencephalon.


cerebral lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the cerebral hemispheres as a primary lesion.


name: primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1-mutant

description: A brain sarcoma that is composed of malignant pleomorphic or spindle neoplastic cells typically demonstrating myogenic and/or chondroid differentiation. Cytoplasmic eosinophilic globules and myxoid stroma formation are usually present. It is associated with mutations in the DICER1 gene.


meningeal sarcoma

description: A rare sarcoma arising from the meninges.


malignant leptomeningeal tumor

description: A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the leptomeninges.


skin meningioma

description: A meningioma (disease) that involves the zone of skin.


choroid plexus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the choroid plexus.


spinal meninges cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the meninx of spinal cord.


name: primary melanoma of the central nervous system

description: A melanoma that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by pleomorphism, melanin pigmentation, a high mitotic rate, necrosis, and hemorrhage. It is a highly aggressive and radioresistant tumor. The prognosis is usually poor.


pineal gland cancer

description: Abnormal malignant growth of the cells that comprise the pineal parenchyma.


adult leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in adulthood.


cerebral hemisphere cancer

description: A cancer that involves the cerebral hemisphere.


childhood brain stem neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


cerebellopontine angle embryonal tumor

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the cerebellopontine angle of the infratentorial brain.


lateral ventricle meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the lateral ventricle of the brain.


primary skin meningioma

description: A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the skin.


malignant carotid body paraganglioma

description: A carotid body paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


meningeal melanocytoma

description: A usually well differentiated melanocytic neoplasm arising from the meninges. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid, fusiform, polyhedral, and spindle melanocytes without evidence of hemorrhage, necrosis, or high mitotic activity. Presenting symptoms include headache, vomiting, and neurological manifestations. Complete excision is usually curative.


frontal convexity meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the frontal sulcus.


infratentorial cancer

description: Malignant neoplasms which arise or occur within the intracranial cavity below the tentorium cerebelli. This includes neoplasms within the brain and/or surrounding spaces.


central nervous system sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


cancer of cerebellum

description: A cancer that involves the cerebellum.


name: intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

description: An extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma arising from the structures within the cranium.


intracerebral cystic meningioma

description: A cystic meningioma that grows within the cerebral hemispheres.


cerebral ventricle cancer

description: A neoplasm that involves a brain ventricle. It may be a primary neoplasm arising from a brain ventricle, a metastasis from a distant anatomic site, or an extension of an invasive neoplasm from an adjacent brain structure.


name: embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes

description: A rare central nervous system embryonal tumor characterized by embryonal cells arranged in multilayered rosettes and displaying one of three morphological patterns: embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes, ependymoblastoma, or medulloepithelioma. The tumors typically have a C19MC alteration or (rarely) a DICER1 mutation and correspond to WHO grade IV. They are mostly localized intracranially, rarely in the spinal cord, and commonly cause signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure, sometimes seizures and focal neurological signs. Most cases occur in children during the first two years of life.


thalamic cancer

description: A cancer involving a dorsal plus ventral thalamus.


parietal lobe cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the parietal lobe


leptomeningeal sarcoma

description: A sarcoma arising from the leptomeninges.


brain sarcoma

description: A sarcoma arising from the brain.


diffuse meningeal melanocytosis

description: A diffuse or multifocal proliferation of uniform nevoid polygonal cells in the leptomeninges. Cells may spread into the Virchow-Robin spaces without frank invasion of the brain. Diffuse melanocytosis carries a poor prognosis even in the absence of histologic malignancy. (WHO)


cerebral meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the cerebral hemispheres.


central nervous system rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the central nervous system.


leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes.


malignant jugulotympanic paraganglioma

description: A jugulotympanic paraganglioma that metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


sarcomatosis of the meninges

description: A rare condition characterized by diffuse spread of sarcoma cells throughout the meninges. The neoplastic cells are derived from meningeal connective tissue. Clinically, this disorder may present as a fulminant pachymeningitis and/or encephalitis.


central nervous system angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the brain, spinal cord or meninges.


malignant tumor of meninges

description: A cancer that involves the meningeal cluster.


central nervous system leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


pediatric leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in childhood.


name: central nervous system Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

description: A rare Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor that affects the central nervous system either as a primary dural neoplasm or by direct extension from adjacent soft tissues or bone.


Stage I Ureter Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v8


name: Stage III Intermediate Grade Adult Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma


variola minor infection

description: A orthopoxvirus that causes a milder clinical syndrome than smallpox.


name: PRKAR1A-Inactivated Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma

description: A pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma that is associated with PRKAR1A gene inactivation.


familial long QT syndrome

description: A hereditary cardiac disease characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval at basal ECG and by a high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.


Timothy syndrome type 2

description: Classical Timothy syndrome without cutaneous syndactyly.


Timothy syndrome type 1

description: Classical Timothy syndrome with cutaneous syndactyly.


Timothy syndrome, atypical type

description: Atypical form of Timothy syndrome, causes a more severe form of long QT syndrome and a greater risk of arrhythmia and sudden death.


Timothy syndrome, classic type

description: Classic form of Timothy syndrome, includes all features of generic.


Stage IIIC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: T4, Any N, M0.  T4: Tumor is not resectable due to extensive invasion of ocular, orbital, craniofacial structures, or brain.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0: T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T3a, N0, M0.  T3a: Tumor more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades adjacent ocular or orbital structures.  Or, any T with perineural tumor invasion.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IC Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IC includes: T2b, N0, M0.  T2b: Tumor more than 10 mm, but not more than 20 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, tumor involves full thickness of the eyelid.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N2, M0. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: T1, N0, M0; IB: T2a, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Basal cell carcinoma of eyelid

description: A basal cell carcinoma that arises from the eyelid.


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Tumor more than 5 mm, but not more than 10 mm in greatest dimension.  Or, any tumor that invades the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all primary carcinomas of the eyelid, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), sebaceous carcinoma, and other rare carcinomas, such as all varieties of sweat gland carcinoma (e.g., eccrine carcinoma). It does not apply to carcinomas of the head and neck with direct extension to eyelid (are staged according to the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck), Merkel cell carcinomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for Merkel cell carcinomas), and melanomas of the eyelid (are staged according to the classification for melanomas of the skin).  (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage 0 Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3b, N0, M0.  T3b: Complete tumor resection requires enucleation, exenteration, or bone resection.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Eyelid Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of eyelid carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Tumor 5 mm or less in greatest dimension.  No invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T2b-c, T3, N0, M0; IIB: T4, N0, M0. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension with invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. T2c: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension involving the full thickness of the eyelid. T3: Tumor measuring more than 20 mm but 30 mm or less in greatest dimension. T4: Any eyelid carcinoma invading adjacent ocular, orbital, or facial structures. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: Any T, N1, M0; IIIB: Any T, N2, M0. N1: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single ipsilateral regional lymph node, measuring more than 3 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IB Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 10 mm but 20 mm or less in greatest dimension without invasion of the tarsal plate or eyelid margin. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IA Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 10 mm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No evidence of lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Eyelid Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


posterior meningocele

description: Posterior meningocele is a rare neural tube closure defect characterized by the herniation of a cerebrospinal fluid-filled sac, that is lined by dura and arachnoid mater, through a posterior spina bifida and covered by a layer of skin of variable thickness, which may be dysplastic or ulcerated. The spinal cord and nerves are generally not included and function normally, although sometimes a tethered cord may be associated. They are most commonly located in the lumbar or sacral region.


true myelomeningocele

description: A rare open neural tube defect characterized by no other malformation than myelomeningocele (spina bifida with a neural placode exposed at the top of a non-epidermised dysplasic meninges sac and Chiari II malformation).


name: saccular spinal dysraphism with a stalk to the dome

description: A rare spinal dysraphism characterized by a meningocele, containing a stalk, that is attached to the inner surface of the meningocele. The stalk can be posteriorly fibroneural (saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis) or the spinal cord itself (myelic limited dorsal malformation).


hemi-myelomeningocele

description: A very rare form of composite dysraphism characterized by the presence of a split cord malformation and a myelomeningocele on one of the two hemicords. Hemicords can be in a single dural sac or in two separated dural sacs. Other spinal cord malformations can be associated. Due to the comparable prognosis it is considered as a subtype of myelomeningocele.


non-terminal myelocystocele

description: A rare closed spinal dysraphism characterized by myelocystocele located above the conus region. Also considered as a form of saccular limited dorsal myeloschisis.


papillary meningioma of the cerebellum

description: A papillary meningioma that affects the cerebellum.


name: Stage II Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus leiomyosarcoma with tumor extending beyond the uterus, within the pelvis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Tooth Infection

description: An infectious process affecting a tooth.


Non-Neoplastic Dental Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.  Representative examples include odontoma, enamel hypoplasia, and periodontitis.


Cemento-osseous dysplasia

description: A non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion of the tooth-bearing regions of the gnathic bones. It is characterized by a variably cellular fibrous stroma with areas of swirling and/or loose collagen. Within the stroma are mineralizing tissues consisting of osteoid, bone, and cementum-like material. As the lesions mature, they become increasingly calcified. (WHO 2017)


acute pericementitis

description: An acute inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


suppurative periapical periodontitis

description: Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth.


Odontoma, Compound

description: A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It usually affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by the presence of tooth-like structures. Treatment consists of local excision. Recurrences have not been reported.


Periodontal infection

description: An infectious process affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Dental disorders congenital

description: A non-neoplastic dental disorder that is present at birth.


Dental pain and sensation disorders

description: A term that refers to disorders that result in pain and abnormal sensation in the teeth and/or periodontal tissues.


florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

description: Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion in the jaw that predominantly affects middle-aged women of African descent. It is generally asymptomatic or may manifest with pain and gingival swelling. Radiologically, it is characterized by multiple dense lobulated bone lesions, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaw.


Gigantiform Cementoma

description: An extremely rare, benign, rapidly progressing fibro-osseous lesion that arises from the jaws as a multifocal expansile growth in children or adolescents. It results in significant deformity, orbital distortion, and possible airway involvement. An autosomal dominant inheritance has been proposed. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of immature bony trabeculae and cementum-like calcifications within a hypercellular fibroblastic stroma. It shares morphological features with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, but in florid cemento-osseous dysplasia the degree of expansion is less prominent and patients are usually older.


Periodontal Abscess

description: An acute purulent bacterial infection that arises from the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


Dental and Periodontal Infection

description: An infectious process that affects the teeth and/or the periodontal tissues.


Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia

description: A developmental abnormality that is characterized by segmental enlargement in the premolar/molar region of the maxilla and associated with dento-osseous abnormalities.


Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

description: Cemento-osseous dysplasia affecting the apical areas of mandibular anterior teeth. (WHO 2017)


Chronic pericoronitis

description: Long-term inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth, usually of an incompletely erupted tooth.


Dental Developmental Disorder

description: A disorder of the teeth arising during odontogenesis.


Dental Fistula

description: Localized collection of pus in the tissues that enclose the root of a tooth and is associated with the presence of a sinus tract.


Complex odontoma

description: A benign, slow growing, and painless hamartomatous tumor occurring in tooth-bearing areas of the jaws. It is one of the most common odontogenic tumors and it usually affects children, adolescents, and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of enamel and dentin and the absence of tooth-like structures. It is treated with local excision. If it is incompletely removed, it may recur.


Hypotensive Shock

description: Shock resulting from abnormally low blood pressure.


name: Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorder following transplant

description: A clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy. It is characterized by destructive infiltration of lymph nodes and extranodal sites by a polymorphic B-cell infiltrate composed of small and medium sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells. In some cases, reduction of the immunosuppression therapy may lead to regression of the lesions. In other cases the lesions may progress to lymphoma.


name: Refractory Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


name: Recurrent Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: The reemergence of polymorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


name: Pathologic Stage IIIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T4a, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T2, N3, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); (T4b, N3, M0); (T4a, N3, M0). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IVB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IIIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T3, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T4a, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IIIC Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IIA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IVA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (T4b, Any N, M0): T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T1, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); IIB: (T1, N3a, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

description: A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Pathologic Stage IA Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: (T1, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage II Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: (T1, N1, N2, or N3, M0); (T2, N1, N2, or N3, M0); IIB: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: (T3, N0, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Clinical Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T4b, Any N, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Pathologic Stage

description: A term that refers to the pathologic staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Pathologic Stage I Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage III Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T2, N3a, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4a, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1, N3b, M0); (T2, N3b, M0); (T3, N3a, M0); (T4a, N3a, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4b, N2, M0); IIIC: (T3, N3b, M0); (T4a, N3b, M0); (T4b, N3a, M0); (T4b, N3b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates the subserosal connective tissue without invasion of the visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures. T4a: Tumor invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures/organs. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3a: Tumor with metastasis in seven to fifteen regional lymph nodes. N3b: Tumor with metastasis in sixteen or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pathologic Stage IB Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Gastric Cancer by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

description: A term that refers to the clinical staging of gastric cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Pathologic Stage 0 Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage IV Gastric Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


polyazaalkane

Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.


A spermidine in which four carbon atoms have been replaced by the (13)C isotope.


alkane-alpha,omega-diamine

A primary diamine that is ethane or a higher alkane in which a hydrogen of each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by an amino group. H2NCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.


name: Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Type C

description: A type of esophageal atresia (EA) / tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in which the upper segment of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the lower segment is connected to the trachea via a TEF. This is the most common type of EA/TEF, which accounts for approximately 85 percent of cases.


name: Childhood Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma

description: A sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma

description: A well-circumscribed malignant fibroblastic neoplasm that usually arises from the soft tissue. It is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant epithelioid fibroblasts and sclerotic collagen stroma formation.


Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A rare myeloid sarcoma that arises from the testis. At presentation the involvement is usually unilateral.


Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, benign

description: A phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with benign histologic features.  It may recur locally but does not metastasize.  Complete excision is curative.


name: vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome 3


name: congenital vertebral-cardiac-renal anomalies syndrome


Jejunal Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the jejunum.


Jejunal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the jejunum.


furunculosis

description: A persistent skin infection marked by the presence of furuncles, often chronic and recurrent. In humans, the causative agent is various species of staphylococcus. In salmonid fish (salmonids), the pathogen is aeromonas salmonicida.


African histoplasmosis

description: An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii.


name: Histoplasma capsulatum infectious disease

description: An disease or disorder caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis meningitis

description: An infectious meningitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


histoplasmosis retinitis

description: An retinitis caused by infection with Histoplasma capsulatum.


Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

description: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, also known as idiopathic tracheobronchomegaly, is a congenital disorder characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and proximal bronchi that leads to impaired airway secretion clearance and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.


genochondromatosis type 1

description: Genochondromatosis is characterized by chondromatosis, typically involving the clavicles, upper end of the humerus, and lower end of the femur. Lesions are bilateral and symmetrical. It has been described four patients from the same family and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Another disorder, genochondromatosis II, shows strong similarities to genochondromatosis but is characterized by the involvement of the short tubular bones and by normal clavicles. It has been described in one unrelated family. Genochondromatosis II may also be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genochondromatosis has a benign clinical course.


genochondromatosis type 2

description: Genochondromatosis type 2 is a rare genetic bone development disorder characterized by normal clavicles and symmetrical generalized metaphyseal enchondromas particularly in the distal femur, proximal humerus, and bones of the wrists, hands, and feet. Lesions regress later in life with growth cartilage obliteration. Clinical examination is normal and the course of the disease is benign.


A 1-glycosyltriazole in which the glycosyl residue is specified as ribosyl.


Stage IV Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or isolated extralymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s); or any involvement of the liver or bone marrow, lungs (other than by direct extension from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid.


name: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: An esophageal squamous cell carcinoma which has reappeared after a period of remission or after presumed treatment.


benign neoplasm of lacrimal gland

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the lacrimal gland.


lacrimal gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the lacrimal gland.


name: long chain fatty acids, defect in transport of


Sporadic Cylindroma

description: A cylindroma occurring as a solitary sporadic lesion.


name: Closed fracture of mandible, multiple sites

description: A traumatic break in two or more places in the mandible that does not involve a break in the adjacent skin.


name: Descending Colon Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the descending colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.