cholera

description: Cholera is an infectious disease, caused by intestinal infection with Vibrio cholerae, characterized by massive watery diarrhea and severe dehydration that can lead to shock and death if left untreated.


name: CTNNA1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the CTNNA1 gene predispose to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, a cancer susceptibility syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.


name: pancreatic ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A malignant, ectopic ACTH secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, associated with Cushing's syndrome. The prognosis is usually poor.


SEC61B-related polycystic liver disease

description: Any autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SEC61B gene.


blind loop syndrome

description: A disorder affecting the small intestine. It is caused by the stasis of food and subsequent overgrowth of bacteria in a portion of the small intestine that is unintentionally bypassed as a complication of abdominal surgery or as a sequela of gastrointestinal disorders which impede effective motility. Clinical signs include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course progresses to malabsorption of fats, vitamin B12 and calcium, the latter which predisposes to nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.


name: colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 6

description: Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TGFBR2 gene.


oropharyngeal anthrax

description: A anthrax infection that involves the oropharynx.


undifferentiated carcinoma of stomach

description: A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the absence of microscopic features of glandular or squamous differentiation.


gastric choriocarcinoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cellular components. It is often associated with lymph node and hematogenous metastases.


rectum leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


name: squamous cell carcinoma of gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract

description: Squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract is a rare hepatic and biliary tract tumor, arising either in the gallbladder itself or in the epithelium lining the extrahepatic biliary tree, the cystic duct and peribiliary glands. It is characterized by a substantial keratinization with abundant keratohyalin pearls and central deposition of dense keratin material within infiltrative nests and locally aggressive nature. In the early stages of the disease symptoms are vague and nonspecific (abdominal pain, jaundice and vomiting). In the advanced stages it may present with a bulky tumor and symptoms of adjacent organ involvement.


pyloric antrum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the pyloric antrum.


name: megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 2


pseudomyxoma peritonei

description: Pseudomyxoma peritonei is characterized by disseminated intra-peritoneal mucinous tumors and mucinous ascites in the abdomen and pelvis.


ascending colon cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the ascending colon.


Lynch syndrome 8

description: Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the EPCAM gene.


isolated agenesis of gallbladder

description: A developmental defect in which the gallbladder fails to form.


anisakiasis

description: Infection with roundworms of the genus anisakis. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute nausea; vomiting; or penetrate into the wall of the digestive tract where they give rise to eosinophilic granuloma in the stomach; intestines; or the omentum.


chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy

description: Chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy is a rare, genetic gastroenterological disease characterized by the early onset of chronic diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, lactic acidosis, renal insufficiency and hepatic involvement (mild elevation of liver enzymes, steatosis, hepatomegaly). Partial villous atrophy (with eosinophilic infiltration) is observed on intestinal biopsy. Although diarrhea may resolve, the development of neurologic symptoms (cerebellar ataxia, sensorineural deafness, seizures), retinitis pigmentosa and muscle weakness may complicate disease course and lead to death. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1994.


anal fistula

description: A pathologic tract that connects an opening in the anal canal to the perianal skin. In the vast majority of cases there is a history of perianal abscess.


tuberculous peritonitis

description: A form of peritonitis seen in patients with tuberculosis, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ascites, abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and other systemic symptoms such as fever; weight loss; and anemia.


soft palate cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the soft palate.


lower gum cancer

description: A cancer involving a gingiva of lower jaw.


colon adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the colon. The group of colonic adenomas includes tubular, villous, and tubulovillous adenomas, traditional serrated adenomas, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, and familial adenomatous polyposis.


gastrointestinal hamartoma

description: A non-neoplastic, hamartomatous polyp that arises from the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. This group includes the juvenile polyps and Peutz-Jeghers polyps.


name: ampulla of vater squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma with squamous differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


name: developmental delay, epilepsy, and neonatal diabetes 1


anus basaloid carcinoma

description: An anal squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and peripheral nuclear palisading.


small intestine leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


monogenic diabetes

description: Diabetes mellitus that is caused by mutations in a single gene.


liver rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the liver.


tonsillar lymphoma

description: A primary lymphoma that affects the tonsil and the bulk of the tumor is in this anatomic area. The majority of cases are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

description: An acute pancreatits that is characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas in which the initial edematous pancreatitis evolved into necrosis accompanied by hemorrhage.


gallbladder leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the gallbladder. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


name: minor salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An aggressive carcinoma that arises from the minor salivary glands. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial and myoepithelial cells forming cribriform, tubular, and solid patterns. It usually presents as a slow growing mass.


name: chronic intestinal vascular insufficiency


latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

description: A type 1 diabetes mellitus that is characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process, highly variable β-cell destruction, different degrees of insulin resistance and heterogeneous titre and pattern of islet autoantibody, sharing features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.


description: A rare, aggressive variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of adenocarcinoma cells that are intermingled with malignant pleomorphic spindle cells.


tonsil cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the tonsil.


granulomatous hepatitis

description: Hepatitis that is characterized by the presence of granulomas.


collagenous gastritis

description: A rare type of gastritis characterized by gastric subepithelial collagen deposition and inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria. The pathogenesis of this disorder is unclear although an association with autoimmune disorders has been reported. It affects both children and adults. Children present with iron deficiency anemia and have a nodular stomach on gastroscopy. adults present with chronic watery diarrhea and may have an associated collagenous colitis.


gastrojejunal ulcer

description: Evidence of an acute gastrojejunal ulcer with hemorrhage.


indeterminate colitis

description: It describes patients in whom a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease cannot be made based on standard clinical testing, including colonoscopy, imaging, laboratory tests, and biopsy.


name: salivary gland epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the salivary glands, most often the parotid gland. It presents as a slow growing and painless mass. It is characterized by the presence of duct-like structures lined by two layers of cells, an inner layer composed of epithelial-type cells and an outer layer composed of clear, myoepithelial-type cells.


esophageal diverticulosis

description: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of esophageal diverticula in the esophagus.


name: pancreatic carcinoma with mixed differentiation

description: A rare carcinoma with a poor prognosis, characterized by the presence of a mixture of exocrine and neuroendocrine malignant epithelial cells in both the pancreas and metastatic sites. Symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, and weight loss.


intestinal benign neoplasm

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the intestine.


name: jejunal neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the jejunum.


hepatocellular clear cell carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of hepatocellular carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


rectum Kaposi sarcoma

description: A Kaposi sarcoma arising from the rectum.


name: undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells

description: A rare variant of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma characterized by the presence of non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells.


laryngotracheoesophageal cleft type 1

description: Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 1 is a congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a supraglottic, interarytenoid cleft above the vocal folds with moderate respiratory symptoms.


distal colitis

description: Particular variety of ulcerative colitis where only the left half of the colon is inflamed.


epithelial neoplasm of rectum

description: A epithelial neoplasm that involves the rectum.


small intestine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the small intestine


digestive system infectious disorder

description: A viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infectious process that affects the digestive system.


name: ampulla of vater small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells, necrosis, and a high mitotic rate. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


name: pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 3


eosinophilic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon that is characterized by eosinic infiltration.


fungal gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from fungi.


autoimmune enteropathy

description: Severe-immune mediated enteropathy describes a variety of intestinal disorders that can range from a serious, early-onset systemic disease (IPEX) to a mild isolated gastrointestinal disease. In children it manifests with severe diarrhea and dehydration in the presence of characteristic antibodies (anti-enterocyte and anti-goblet cell) and in adults with chronic diarrhea, malabsorption and weight loss.


esophageal granular cell tumor

description: A tumor that usually presents with small nodules or small sessile polyps, predominantly in the distal esophagus. Histologically, it is composed of sheets of oval to polygonal cells with a small central nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm. This is usually a benign tumor. (WHO, 2000) -- 2003


appendix adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the vermiform appendix.


name: sublingual gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the sublingual gland.


intrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts.


mammary analog secretory carcinoma

description: A salivary gland carcinoma that has material basis in a chromosomal translocation that results in an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with high grade dysplasia

description: A non-invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that exhibit loss of polarity, nuclear stratification, hyperchromasia, and pleomorphism. There is severe architectural atypia and frequent mitotic figures present.


adenomatous colon polyp

description: A polypoid adenoma that arises from and protrudes into the lumen of the colon. Epithelial dysplasia is always present. According to the architectural pattern it is classified as tubular, tubulovillous, or villous.


anal Paget disease

description: A slowly spreading, erythematous eczematoid plaque in the anal region. Histologically, the basal part or whole thickness of the squamous epithelium is infiltrated by large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei. Half of the cases are associated with an internal malignancy, most often a colorectal adenocarcinoma. The other half of the cases, have a high local recurrence rate and they may become invasive (WHO).


cap polyposis

description: Cap polyposis (CP) is a rare colorectal disease characterized by multiple inflammatory polyps that predominantly affect the rectosigmoid area and that manifests primarily as rectal bleeding with abnormal transit, constipation and diarrhea.


description: A rare hepatic disease characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis and deterioration of liver function in patients receiving parenteral nutrition for extended periods of time (signs may appear as early as within the first two weeks of initiation of parenteral nutrition). The condition commonly occurs in neonates and usually resolves with transition to enteral feeding, although severe cases may progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension.


carcinoma in situ of appendix

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the vermiform appendix.


esophageal tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the esophagus.


spleen angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the spleen.


extrahepatic bile duct adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is classified as papillary, tubular, or tubulopapillary.


diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulinism

description: Diazoxide-resistant hyperinsulism (DRH) is form of congenital isolated hyperinsulism caused by an abnormal insulin production by B-cells in the pancreas that can be diffuse or focal and is characterized by an excessive/ uncontrolled insulin secretion (inappropriate for the level of glycemia), recurrent episodes of profound hypoglycemia and resistance to medical management with diazoxide.


proctocolitis

description: Inflammation of the rectum and colon.


salivary gland small cell carcinoma

description: An infrequent small cell carcinoma that arises from the salivary glands and is characterized by the presence of a high number of mitotic figures.


colon serrated polyposis

description: The presence of multiple serrated polyps in the colon. The polyps are predominantly sessile serrated adenomas/polyps. A minority of the polyps are microvesicular variants of hyperplastic polyps. According to some authors, the polyps are proximal to the sigmoid colon. According to others, the polyps are distributed throughout the entire colon.


hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome

description: Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) describes an autosomal dominantly inherited large-bowel disease characterized by the presence of a mixture of hyperplastic, atypical juvenile and adenomatous polyps that are associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer if left untreated.


small intestinal tubulovillous adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the small intestine. It is characterized by tubular and villous architectural patterns. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


Crohn jejunitis

description: An Crohn disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the jejunum.


rectum neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


large intestine disorder

description: A disease that involves the large intestine.


benign neoplasm of large intestine

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the large intestine.


name: growth retardation-mild developmental delay-chronic hepatitis syndrome


inflammatory bowel disease 23

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 1q32.1.


tonsillar fossa cancer

description: A cancer involving a tonsillar fossa.


goblet cell carcinoma

description: An aggressive type of endocrine tumor of the appendix presenting equally in males and females in the fifth decade of life and manifesting with a palpable mass and abdominal pain or acute appendicitis. Metastasis to the ovaries, peritoneum or right colon has usually already occurred in half of patients at the time of diagnosis.


Lynch syndrome 1

description: Any Lynch syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MSH2 gene.


herpetic gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from herpes virus.


gastric hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the stomach.


cecum neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the cecum. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


colon leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from the colon. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


name: generalized juvenile polyposis/juvenile polyposis coli


NK-cell enteropathy

description: Natural killer (NK)-cell enteropathy is a benign NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by minor abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, diverticulosis, constipation and reflux) due to NK cell-derived lesions in the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract and often mistaken for NK or T-cell lymphoma.


Lynch syndrome 2

description: Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MLH1 gene.


congenital short bowel syndrome

description: Congenital short bowel syndrome is a rare intestinal disorder of neonates of unknown etiology. Patients are born with a short small bowel (less than 75 cm in length) that compromises proper intestinal absorption and leads chronic diarrhea, vomiting and failure to thrive.


anus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the anus


inflammatory bowel disease 18

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 5p13.1.


adenoma of small intestine

description: A adenoma that involves the small intestine.


small bowel Crohn disease

description: An Crohn disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the small intestine.


maxillary sinus adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the maxillary sinus. It is classified as intestinal-type or non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the presenting signs.


pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A mucinous cystadenocarcinoma that involves the pancreas.


liver carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a liver.


floor of mouth mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity that arises from the floor of the mouth.


name: small intestinal L-cell glucagon-like peptide producing tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


anal canal neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


colorectal neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the colon or rectum. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


name: congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency with minimal starch tolerance


name: familial gastric type 1 neuroendocrine tumor


name: colorectal sessile serrated adenoma/polyp

description: A polyp that arises from the colon or rectum. It is characterized by the presence of serrated glands and the absence of generalized dysplasia. Some authors have suggested that it is a precursor lesion for some colorectal adenocarcinomas with microsatellite instability.


colorectal leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the colorectal area. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


name: enterochromaffin cell serotonin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

description: A usually slow-growing, grade 1 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that secretes serotonin. When it metastasizes to the liver, it produces the clinical symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome.


benign duodenal neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from the wall of the duodenum.


gastric adenoma

description: A neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach. This category includes intestinal-type adenomatous polyps, gastric-type adenomas, and fundic gland polyps.


cryptosporidiosis

description: Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus Cryptosporidium. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe diarrhea.


name: splenic manifestation of hairy cell leukemia

description: A hairy cell leukemia that involves the spleen.


inflammatory bowel disease 16

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 9q32.


Lynch syndrome 4

description: Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PMS2 gene.


cholecystolithiasis

description: Single or multiple, ovoid or irregular, solid particles that are formed from bile, cholesterol, and calcium in the gallbladder cavity.


cholesterolosis of gallbladder

description: A disorder characterized by a change in the gallbladder wall due to excess cholesterol.


description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic large bile ducts.


juvenile polyposis of infancy

description: Juvenile polyposis of infancy (JPI) is the most severe form of juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis and is characterized by pancolonic hamartomatous polyposis from stomach to rectum, diagnosed in the first two years of life.


maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the maxillary sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


ampulla of vater neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the ampulla of Vater.


name: colorectal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

description: A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


name: digestive system mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the digestive system and is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial component and a malignant neuroendocrine component. At least 30% of either component should be present for the diagnosis to be made.


osmotic diarrheal disease

description: A diarrhea that results from the presence of osmotically active, poorly absorbed solutes in the bowel lumen that inhibit normal water and electrolyte absorption.


name: pancreatic insulin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: An insulin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the beta cells of the pancreas. It may or may not be associated with inappropriate secretion of insulin and an associated clinical syndrome.


name: immune dysregulation-inflammatory bowel disease-arthritis-recurrent infections syndrome

description: Immune dysregulation-inflammatory bowel disease-arthritis-recurrent infections syndrome is a rare immune dysregulation disease with immunodeficiency characterized by severe, progressive infantile onset inflammatory bowel disease with pancolitis, perianal disease (ulceration, fistulae), recurrent respiratory, genitourinary and cutaneous infections, arthritis and a high risk of B-cell lymphoma.


laryngotracheoesophageal cleft type 0

description: Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 0 is a congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a submucosal laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft with minor symptoms or an asymptomatic course.


name: duodenal gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the duodenum. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form pseudorosettes. The neoplastic cells have uniform nuclei and small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm.


colonic lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the colon.


liver diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

description: A rare diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that arises from the liver and the bulk of the tumor is located in the liver.


vestibule of mouth cancer

description: A cancer that involves the oral opening.


ulcerative proctosigmoiditis

description: Inflammation of the rectum and the distal portion of the colon.


pyriform sinus cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the pyriform sinus.


pylorus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the pylorus.


bile duct papillary neoplasm

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.


name: cytosolic phospholipase-A2 alpha deficiency associated bleeding disorder


anal gland neoplasm

description: Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.


necrotizing gastritis

description: A variant of phlegmonous gastritis, typically progressing to gastric gangrene.


name: extrahepatic bile duct squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is composed entirely by malignant squamous epithelial cells.


anus lymphoma

description: A usually large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell phenotype, arising from the anus. Lymphomas originating from the anal region are rare in the general population, but they are seen with a higher frequency in HIV-positive patients, particularly homosexual men.


anal mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An anal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation.


name: L-cell glucagon-like peptide-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the gastrointestinal tract and produces glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


hemangiomas of small intestine

description: A hemangioma that involves the small intestine.


balantidiasis

description: Infection by parasites of the genus balantidium. The presence of Balantidium in the large intestine leads to diarrhea; dysentery; and occasionally ulcer.


liver mesenchymal hamartoma

description: A multicystic, tumor-like hamartomatous lesion that arises from the liver during fetal development. Clinically, it usually presents as an abdominal mass associated with abdominal distention. Following resection, the prognosis is usually good.


PPoma

description: PPoma is a type of pancreatic endocrine tumor that hypersecretes pancreatic polypeptide (PP) but that does not cause a hypersecretion syndrome (is non-functioning) and instead presents with only non-specific symptoms such as weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, diarrhea and/or an abdominal mass, hence leading to a late diagnosis. PPoma can be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN-1).


campylobacteriosis

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus campylobacter.


colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma

description: An invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin resulting in the displacement of the nuclei. The malignant glandular cells with intracytoplasmic mucin constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular infiltrate.


name: malignant neoplasm of abdominal esophagus

description: A cancer that involves the abdominal part of esophagus.


benign digestive system neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from any part of the digestive system.


esophagus lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the esophagus with the bulk of the mass located in the esophagus. Dysphagia may be the presenting symptom. The vast majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.


name: malignant tumor of extrahepatic bile duct

description: A cancer that involves the extrahepatic bile duct.


gastric hamartomatous polyp

description: A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of connective tissue stroma overgrowth and cystic formations.


tubular duplication of the esophagus

description: Tubular duplication of the esophagous is a rare congenital malformation where a second structure with individual lumen and stratified squamous mucosa and muscularis mucosa lies within or adjacent to the true esophagus causing dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, retrosternal pain and respiratory problems (stridor and recurrent pneumonia) and usually presenting in children.


appendix hyperplastic polyp

description: A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of elongated serrated crypts and the absence of atypia or dysplasia.


rectum lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the rectum. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


dyspepsia

description: An uncomfortable, often painful feeling in the stomach, resulting from impaired digestion. Symptoms include burning stomach pain, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. Causes include gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pancreatic disease, and gallbladder disease.


pyloric stenosis

description: Narrowing of the pyloric lumen caused either by hypertrophy of the surrounding muscles or tissue scarring due to a chronic peptic ulcer.


cysticercosis

description: Cysticercosis is a parasitic infectious disease characterized by cyst formation in the target tissue of Taenia solium (tapeworm) parasite larvae ingested via the feces of a human with a tapeworm (human-to-human fecal-oral transmission) leading to variable clinical manifestations in muscle, the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. Infection of muscle tissue is generally asymptomatic. Cyst development in the brain and spinal cord is known as neurocysticercosis (NCC) and may cause seizures and headache. NCC can follow a serious course and may be life-threatening. Severe cases of cysticercosis are treated with albendazole and anti-inflammatory drugs.


ischemic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon due to colonic ischemia resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.


esophageal ulcer

description: An ulcerated lesion in the esophageal wall.


esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An infrequent esophageal carcinoma arising from esophageal glands. (WHO)


name: fibrohistiocytic inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver

description: A subtype of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver characterized by a benign, well-circumscribed tumor with fibrohistiocytic infiltration (including xanthogranulomatous inflammation, multinucleated giant cells, and neutrophilic infiltration), typically localized in the peripheral hepatic parenchyma. Presentation may be of non-specific symptoms (fever, malaise, and abdominal pain) or as an incidental finding.


gastric intestinal type adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma of the stomach arising on a background of intestinal metaplasia. Microscopically, it is characterized by a glandular pattern and it closely resembles a colonic adenocarcinoma. Grossly, it tends to be nodular, polypoid or ulcerated.


name: intrahepatic bile duct adenosquamous carcinoma

description: An adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts.


jejunal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wall of the jejunum. Representative examples include adenoma, carcinoma, and lymphoma.


verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity

description: A verrucous carcinoma that involves the oral cavity.


gastric dilatation

description: Abnormal distention of the stomach due to accumulation of gastric contents that may reach 10 to 15 liters. Gastric dilatation may be the result of gastric outlet obstruction; ileus; gastroparesis; or denervation.


extrahepatic bile duct leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from an extrahepatic bile duct. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


lipoma of colon

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm originating in the colon. It is the second most common benign lesion of the colon after benign adenomatous polyps. Older patients are more likely to be affected, and most lesions are located at the right side of large bowel. Colon lipomas may lead to intestinal obstruction.


annular pancreas

description: Annular pancreas is a distinct form of duodenal atresia in which the head of the pancreas forms a ring around the second portion of the duodenum.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm

description: A usually slow-growing epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that arises from the exocrine pancreas and grows mostly within the pancreatic ducts. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal masses. Morphologically, there is proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the pancreatic ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. It may be associated with the presence of an invasive carcinoma. It usually occurs in older patients. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, jaundice, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus.


splenic manifestation of leukemia

description: A leukemia (disease) that involves the spleen.


inflammatory bowel disease 21

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 18p11.


gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin that constitutes more than fifty-percent of the tumor.


ameloblastic carcinoma

description: A rare, cytologically malignant ameloblastoma that may metastasize.


name: autosomal recessive hyperinsulinism due to SUR1 deficiency


esophageal lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the esophagus. Clinical presentation includes obstruction, dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting and reflux. It may be associated with aspiration and consecutive respiratory infections.


aggressive insulitis

description: Insulitis is an inflammatory infiltration of the islets of Langerhans found especially in young patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes.


bile duct carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a bile duct.


description: Non-hypoproteinemic hypertrophic gastropathy is a rare gastroesophageal disease characterized by diffusely enlarged gastric folds, excessive mucus secretion, normal serum protein and gastric TGF-alpha levels. Patients typically present anemia, abdominal pain not related to eating or bowel habits and absence of peripheral edema.


endocrine pancreas disorder

description: A disease involving the endocrine pancreas.


name: small intestinal enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

description: An enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma arising from the small intestine, most commonly the jejunum or ileum. Patients usually present with abdominal pain, often associated with intestinal perforation. There is often a history of celiac disease. The lymphoma cells are usually medium-sized to large and form an ulcerating mucosal lesion with invasion of the small intestinal wall. Villous atrophy is present in the adjacent small intestinal mucosa. In a minority of cases the lymphoma cells are medium-sized and form a monomorphic infiltrate.


gastric leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the stomach. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


esophageal atresia

description: A congenital abnormality of the esophagus in which the upper esophagus ends as a blind pouch and does not connect with the lower esophagus; it is often accompanied by a tracheoesophageal fistula. Signs and symptoms in a newborn with this abnormality include excessive salivation, choking, coughing, and the development of cyanosis and respiratory distress when fed.


inflammatory bowel disease 9

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 3p26.


cecal disorder

description: Pathological developments in the cecum.


diversion colitis

description: A colitis which can occur as a complication of ileostomy or colostomy.


mixed hepatoblastoma

description: A hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of fetal and embryonal epithelial components and a mesenchymal component.


primitive portal vein thrombosis

description: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is associated with acute (recent) or chronic (long-standing) thrombosis of the portal system.


distal biliary tract carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the common bile duct distal to the insertion of the cystic duct.


name: maternally-inherited diabetes and deafness

description: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by maternally transmitted diabetes and sensorineural deafness.


ileal neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the ileum. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


esophageal varices with bleeding

description: Bleeding from esophageal varices.


name: diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 4


name: cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic, 8


name: gastric neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach.


rectum carcinoma in situ

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the rectum.


autoimmune hepatitis type 2

description: Autoimmune hepatitis characterized by the presence of anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody type 1 (anti-LKM1) and/or anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) autoantibodies.


esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma

description: An esophageal carcinoma characterized by the presence of distinguishable squamous and glandular carcinomatous components.


extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the extrahepatic bile ducts.


bile duct adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the bile duct


hereditary gallbladder disorder

description: An instance of gallbladder disorder that is caused by an inherited genomic modification in an individual.


name: squamous cell carcinoma of the small intestine

description: A carcinoma that arises from the small intestine. It is composed of malignant squamous cells.


name: gallbladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


gastric linitis plastica

description: Gastric linitis plastica (gastric LP) is a malignant, diffuse, infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma.


name: solid pseudopapillary carcinoma of pancreas

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It occurs predominantly in young women. It is characterized by the presence of extensive necrosis and hemorrhage and is composed of polyhedral cells forming solid and pseudopapillary patterns. There is morphologic evidence of perineural invasion, vascular invasion, or extensive invasion into the surrounding tissues.


name: lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver

description: A subtype of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver characterized by a benign, well-circumscribed tumor with diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with histological features of IgG4-related disease (numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells, prominent eosinophils, stromal fibrosis, fibroblastic proliferations and, frequently, obliterative phlebitis), and that is likely located around the hepatic hilum. Most often it is discovered as an incidental finding.


name: gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the stomach. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate, composed of individual adenocarcinoma cells or groups of adenocarcinoma cells in a fibrous or mucoid stroma. Many cells contain mucin droplets, producing a signet-ring configuration.


name: pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 4


amebic dysentery

description: Dysentery caused by intestinal amebic infection, chiefly with entamoeba histolytica. This condition may be associated with amebic infection of the liver and other distant sites.


rectal villous adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


name: signet ring cell intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring adenocarcinoma cells.


recurrent acute pancreatitis

description: Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is characterized by repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis (AP), which is defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.


intestinal helminthiasis

description: A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves the intestine.


extrahepatic bile duct neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the extrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include adenoma and adenocarcinoma.


name: diarrheal disease secondary to decreased bowel motility

description: A diarrhea that results from decreased motility in the bowel; the resultant bowel stasis encourages bacterial overgrowth and subsequent bile salt deconjugation. Diarrhea is then the direct result of fat malabsorption and increased colonic secretion.


name: extrahepatic bile duct signet ring cell carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of signet ring malignant epithelial cells.


hepatic granuloma

description: A granuloma located in the liver.


suppurative cholangitis

description: Cholangitis that is characterized by pyogenic organisms.


gastric squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the stomach resembling squamous cell carcinomas arising elsewhere in the body.


appendix leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


name: gallbladder neuroendocrine tumor, grade 1/2

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder.


chronic diarrheal disease

description: Chronic form of diarrheal disease.


name: small intestine neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.


description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the esophagogastric junction.


pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

description: The presence of gas within the wall of the large or small intestine.


name: neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix.


coenurosis

description: A parasitic infection that develops in the intermediate hosts of some tapeworm species (Taenia multiceps, T. serialis, T. brauni, or T. glomerata) and are caused by the coenurus, the larval stage of these worms. This disease occurs mainly in sheep and other ungulates, but occasionally can occur in humans too by accidental ingestion of worms' eggs.


name: pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal stenosis


Blastocystis infectious disease

description: Infections with organisms of the genus blastocystis. The species B. hominis is responsible for most infections. Parasitologic surveys have generally found small numbers of this species in human stools, but higher positivity rates and organism numbers in aids patients and other immunosuppressed patients (immunocompromised host). Symptoms include abdominal pain; diarrhea; constipation; vomiting; and fatigue.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of a focal or multifocal invasive carcinomatous component. The invasive carcinoma is either colloid or ductal adenocarcinoma.


infectious colitis

description: A viral or bacterial infectious process affecting the large intestine.


secretory diarrhea

description: Watery voluminous diarrhea resulting from an imbalance between ion and water secretion and absorption.


carcinoma of the ampulla of vater

description: A carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater. The vast majority of cases are adenocarcinomas. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


gastric non-hodgkin lymphoma

description: An extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the stomach with the bulk of the mass located in the stomach. The vast majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and B-cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.


name: chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene


functional colonic disease

description: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized irritable bowel syndrome falls into this category.


rectal cloacogenic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the transitional zone at the junction of the rectum and anus.


extrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


intussusception

description: Telescoping or invagination of a part of the intestine into an adjacent segment.


name: umbilical cord ulceration-intestinal atresia syndrome

description: Umbilical cord ulceration-intestinal atresia syndrome is characterized by congenital intestinal atresia, umbilical cord ulceration and severe intrauterine hemorrhage.


fulminant viral hepatitis

description: Fulminant viral hepatitis is a rapid and severe impairment of liver functions (acute liver failure) with hepatic encephalopathy developing less than 8 weeks after the onset of jaundice, secondary to viral hepatitis mainly due to HBV, but also to HAV.


acute hepatitis C virus infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis C virus, which can be detected in blood. Signs and symptoms may include right upper quadrant abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, white stools and nausea. Approximately 15%-25% individuals clear the virus from their bodies without treatment. 75%-85% individuals develop chronic hepatitis C. There are possible treatments depending on individual characteristics.


bile duct adenoma

description: A benign, well-demarcated polypoid neoplasm arising from the bile duct epithelium. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, papillary, or tubulopapillary. Adenomas arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts usually produce symptoms related to biliary obstruction.


epithelial tumor of the appendix

description: A epithelial neoplasm that involves the vermiform appendix.


small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

description: The presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine that can result from result from failure of the gastric acid barrier, failure of small intestinal motility, anatomic alterations, or impairment of systemic and local immunity.


acute cholecystitis

description: Acute inflammation of the gallbladder.


macrotrabecular hepatoblastoma

description: A pure fetal or fetal and embryonal epithelial hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of broad trabeculae.


colorectal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A very rare colorectal carcinoma characterized by the presence of a malignant squamous cell infiltrate.


name: ampulla of vater adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma with glandular and squamous differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


rectosigmoid carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the rectosigmoid area and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. The vast majority are adenocarcinomas. About 50% of colorectal carcinomas occur in the rectosigmoid area.


inflammatory bowel disease 24

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome 20q13.


pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing both ductal and squamous differentiation. The squamous component should represent at least 30% of the malignant cellular infiltrate. The prognosis is usually worse than that of ductal adenocarcinoma.


name: Hirschsprung disease-hearing loss-polydactyly syndrome

description: An extremely rare malformative association, described in only two siblings to date, and characterized by Hirschsprung disease (defined by the presence of an aganglionic segment of variable extent in the terminal part of the colon that leads to the symptoms of intestinal obstruction including constipation and abdominal distension), polydactyly of hands and/or feet, unilateral renal agenesis, hypertelorism and congenital deafness. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1988.


sigmoid neoplasm

description: Tumors or cancer of the sigmoid colon.


Salmonella gastroenteritis

description: Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of salmonella. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.


name: mixed fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

description: A fibrolamellar carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of both pure fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and and conventional hepatocellular carcinoma components.


sublingual gland cancer

description: A rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the sublingual gland. The majority are carcinomas.


extrahepatic bile duct rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation, arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


steatorrhea

description: A finding of an excessive amount of fat in the stool.


name: appendix L-cell glucagon-like peptide-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor arising from the wall of the appendix, producing glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


name: diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum


tumor of duodenum

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the duodenum.


lip carcinoma in situ

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the lip.


small intestinal sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the small intestine. Representative examples include leiomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma.


solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

description: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare rectal disease characterized by rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, passage of mucus, sensation of incomplete evacuation, straining at defecation and rectal prolapsed, secondary to ischemic changes in the rectum.


name: pancreatic non-invasive mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A non-invasive malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It occurs almost exclusively in women. Small tumors are usually found incidentally. Larger tumors usually produce symptoms related to compression of the adjacent structures. It is characterized by the presence of columnar, mucin-producing epithelial cells which often form papillary projections with irregular branching and budding. There is cellular stratification, severe dysplasia, and high mitotic activity present. Complete surgical removal is usually associated with an excellent prognosis.


name: gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

description: A low grade, indolent B-cell lymphoma, usually associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Morphologically it is characterized by a dense mucosal atypical lymphocytic (centrocyte-like cell) infiltrate with often prominent lymphoepithelial lesions and plasmacytic differentiation. Approximately 40% of gastric MALT lymphomas carry the t(11;18)(q21;q21). Such cases are resistant to Helicobacter pylori therapy.


mucocele of appendix

description: Accumulation of mucus within the appendix.


small intestinal tubular adenoma

description: A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the small intestine. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


vallecula cancer

description: A cancer involving a epiglottic vallecula.


benign neoplasm of rectum

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the rectum.


diffuse gastric cancer

description: A stomach cancer that is characterized by development of diffuse (signet ring cell) gastric cancer underneath the stomach lining.


name: pancreatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


rectal signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin. These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


liver neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An extremely rare, aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the liver.


Satoyoshi syndrome

description: Satoyoshi syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by progressive, painful, intermittent muscle spasms. These muscle spasms usually start between 6-15 years old. Other symptoms of the syndrome may include diarrhea and an inability of the digestive tract to absorb certain foods, especially carbohydrates (malabsorption). People affected by Satoyoshi syndrome may also have loss of hair on the head and body (alopecia universalis), short stature, and skeletal abnormalities. Women with Satoyoshi syndrome may not have a menstrual cycle (amenorrhea). In all published cases, only one person in a family has Satoyoshi syndrome. This is even true when the person with Satoyoshi syndrome comes from a large family. Satoyoshi syndrome seems to be more common in Japan. The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown, but some researchers think it may be an autoimmune disease. Satoyoshi syndrome can be diagnosed when a doctor sees symptoms that are consistent with the syndrome. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a variety of laboratory tests. Treatment for Satoyoshi syndrome includes medication to suppress the immune system.


disorder of appendix

description: A disease or disorder that involves the vermiform appendix.


lip cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the lip.


pancolitis

description: Ulcerative colitis that involves the entire colon.


gastroduodenal Crohn disease

description: An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation located in stomach and located in duodenum, has symptom nausea, has symptom vomiting, has symptom weight loss and has symptom loss of appetite.


pancreatic mucinous-cystic neoplasm

description: A non-invasive or invasive cystic epithelial neoplasm that affects almost exclusively females. It is characterized by the presence of columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells and ovarian-type stroma formation.


endometriosis of intestine

description: Endometriosis that affects the intesines.


digestive system melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from any part of the digestive system.


hepatopulmonary syndrome

description: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a lung disease characterized by widening of arteries and veins (dilatation) in the lungs in people who have chronic liver disease. Because of the dilated vases, the workload of the heart increases and the blood pumped to the body does not have enough oxygen, leading to a decreased level of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia). The normal diameter of the lung vessels ranges between 8 and 15 μm whereas when in HPS rises to between 15 and 500 μm. While many people with HPS don't have any obvious problems, the main reported symptom is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that is worse when standing or sitting up, and is relieved when lying down (platypnea). Symptoms related to chronic liver disease (generally cirrhosis) include small red spots on the skin (spider angiomas) and abnormal vascular dilatations. Some other symptoms that have been described are infections in the brain (brain abscesses), brain bleeding and an increased number of red blood cells in the blood (polycythemia). There is currently no effective medication for HPS. Oxygen therapy may improve the breathing in some cases. Liver transplant is an efficient treatment which improves the symptoms, even in severe cases.


rectal hyperplastic polyp

description: A serrated polypoid lesion that arises in the rectum. It rarely produces symptoms. This group includes goblet cell rich, mucin poor, and microvesicular hyperplastic polyps.


intestinal tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the intestine.


name: pancreatic mucinous-cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A cystic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells, ovarian-type stroma formation, and a focal or extensive invasive carcinomatous component.


name: ampulla of vater mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma with glandular differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation.


salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the salivary glands. It is the most common primary carcinoma of the salivary glands and usually presents as a firm and painless mass. It is characterized by the presence of epidermoid cells, mucus producing cells, and cells of intermediate type. The majority of cases have a favorable outcome.


liver cavernous hemangioma

description: A hemangioma with cavernous vascular spaces arising from the liver. It is the most frequent benign tumor of the liver and usually affects young females.


description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that produces abundant mucin.


4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria

description: Increased concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the urine.


small intestine disorder

description: A disease that involves the small intestine.


anal canal cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the anal canal


autoimmune cholangitis

description: An autoimmune hepatitis that is characterized by primary biliary cirrhosis clinical, biochemical, and histologic characteristics with antinuclear antibody positive sera.


squamous cell carcinoma of colon

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the colon.


name: pancreatic vasoactive intestinal peptide producing tumor

description: A usually malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor producing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). It may or may not be associated with inappropriate secretion of VIP and an associated clinical syndrome.


neurofibroma of gallbladder

description: A non-metastasizing encapsulated neoplasm arising from nerves in the gallbladder. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts and Schwann cells.


name: pancreatic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


rectal sarcomatoid carcinoma

description: A biphasic rectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that involves the duodenum.


familial colorectal cancer

description: Familial colon cancer is a cluster of colon cancer within a family. Most cases of colon cancer occur sporadically in people with little to no family history of the condition. Approximately 3-5% of colon cancer is considered 'hereditary' and is thought to be caused by an inherited predisposition tocolon cancer that is passed down through a family in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. In some of these families, the underlying genetic cause is not known; however, many of these cases are caused by changes (mutations) in the APC , MYH , MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6 , PMS2 , EPCAM , PTEN , STK11 , SMAD4 , BMPR1A , NTHL1 , POLE , and POLD1 genes (which are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes). An additional 10-30% of people diagnosed with colon cancer have a significant family history of the condition but have no identifiable mutation in a gene known to cause a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer. These clusters of colon cancer are likely due to a combination of gene(s) and other shared factors such as environment and lifestyle. High-risk cancer screening and other preventative measures such as prophylactic surgeries are typically recommended in people who have an increased risk for colon cancer based on their personal and/or family histories.


septic peritonitis

description: Septic peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum that occurs secondary to microbial contamination. This clinically important condition has a wide variety of clinical courses as well as high morbidity and mortality due to secondary multiorgan dysfunction. This article reviews the etiology and pathophysiology of this condition and its diagnosis in small animals; a companion article addresses treatment and prognosis.


microscopic colitis

description: Inflammation of the colon that is only apparent by microscopic examination.


name: gallbladder papillary neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: An intraluminal papillary neoplasm, usually with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, that arises from the gallbladder. It is associated with the presence of an invasive carcinoma. The carcinomatous component is usually an adenocarcinoma.


intestinal volvulus

description: Twisting of a loop of bowel that results in intestinal obstruction.


appendix carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the vermiform appendix


name: salivary gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from a pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary glands. It usually originates in the parotid gland. Patients usually present with a history of a long-standing tumor mass which grew rapidly in the past few months. Patients with non-invasive or minimally invasive carcinoma have an excellent prognosis. In cases where there is invasion of the surrounding tissues, the clinical course is aggressive.


anal margin basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma arising from the perianal skin. Local excision is the treatment of choice. Metastases are extremely rare.


stomach diverticulosis

description: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of gastric diverticula in the stomach.


Arroyo Garcia Cimadevilla syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by bilateral anophthalmia (absence of one or both eyes), esophageal atresia (the upper esophagus ends and does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach), and cryptorchidism (a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum). This is an n-of-1 use case where only one patient or family has been described with this disorder.


stomach polyp

description: A polyp that arises from the stomach. This category includes neoplastic polyps (intestinal-type adenomatous polyps, gastric-type adenomas, and fundic gland polyps), and non-neoplastic polyps (hyperplastic polyps and hamartomatous polyps).


name: small intestinal vasoactive intestinal peptide producing tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces vasoactive intestinal peptide.


name: splenic manifestation of prolymphocytic leukemia

description: A prolymphocytic leukemia that involves the spleen.


Aagenaes syndrome

description: Cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis, often lessening and becoming intermittent with age, and severe chronic lymphedema which mainly affects the lower limbs. Patients often present with fat malabsorption leading to failure to thrive, fat soluble vitamin deficiency with bleeding, rickets, and neuropathy. In 25% of cases, cirrhosis occurs during childhood or later in life.


liver solitary fibrous tumor

description: A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the liver. It affects females more frequently than males. Signs and symptoms include the presence of an abdominal mass and abdominal discomfort.


name: megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 3


name: intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of pancreas


juvenile polyposis syndrome

description: Juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis (JIP) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of juvenile hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.


anal margin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the perianal skin.


thoraco-abdominal enteric duplication

description: Thoraco-abdominal enteric duplication is a rare, syndromic intestinal malformation characterized by single or multiple smooth-walled, often tubular, cystic lesions, which on occasion contain ectopic gastric mucosa, located in the thorax (usually in the posterior mediastinum and to the right of the midline) and in the abdomen. Infants usually present with respiratory distress and older patients with heartburn, abdominal pain, vomiting and/or malena. Vertebral anomalies in the lower cervical spine, with CNS involvement, are frequently present and complications, such as bowel obstruction, perforation and intussusception, have also been reported.


name: displacement of cardia through esophageal hiatus


gallbladder adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the gall bladder.


name: diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2


anal canal carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a anal canal.


colon carcinoma in situ

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the colon.


salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the salivary glands. The majority of patients are in their sixth through eight decades. It usually presents as a rapidly enlarging mass, which may be painful. It usually has an aggressive clinical course.


name: aplasia cutis congenita-intestinal lymphangiectasia syndrome

description: Aplasia cutis congenita - intestinal lymphangiectasia is an extremely rare association syndrome, described in only two brothers to date (one of which died at 2 months of age), characterized by aplasia cutis congenita of the vertex and generalized edema (as well as hypoproteinemia and lymphopenia) due to intestinal lymphangiectasia. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985.


rectum sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the rectum. Representative examples include angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma.


colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma

description: An unusual colorectal carcinoma characterized by the presence of glandular and squamous carcinomatous components. The two carcinomatous components may be admixed within the tumor, or the two may appear separately in different areas.


undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the liver and usually occurs in older children. It is composed of immature spindle, stellate, polymorphous, and giant cells.


rectum rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation affecting the rectum.


hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis

description: Liver injury resulting from hepatitis C infection.


Meckel diverticulum neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a Meckel's diverticulum.


gallbladder lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the gallbladder, with the bulk of the tumor located at this site.


diverticulitis of colon

description: Inflammation of the colonic diverticula, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.


name: colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 7

description: Any hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MLH3 gene.


seronegative autoimmune hepatitis

description: A form of autoimmune hepatitis characterized by the features of classic autoimmune hepatitis (i. e. clinical presentation as acute or chronic cryptogenic hepatitis, interface hepatitis on histological examination, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, hypergammaglobulinemia/elevated immunoglobulin G, therapeutic response to corticosteroids) in the absence of serum autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations include fatigue, malaise, arthralgia, jaundice, at later stages also signs of advanced chronic liver disease, such as spider nevi, caput medusae, splenomegaly, ascites, and palmar erythema. Presence of concurrent autoimmune diseases is frequently observed.


name: MYO5B-related progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis


pancreatic cystadenoma

description: A non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas.


name: congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency without starch intolerance


Peutz-Jeghers polyp of the stomach

description: A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of smooth muscle branching bands, and hyperplasia with cystic dilatation of the foveolar epithelium.


name: pancreatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with poor prognosis. It is characterized by the presence of malignant signet ring cells infiltrating the pancreatic parenchyma in an individual cell pattern.


angiodysplasia of stomach

description: A angiodysplasia that involves the stomach.


intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


esophagus liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the esophagus, characterized by multivacuolated lipoblasts with hyperchromatic nuclei, a solid pattern of growth, and a rich vascular network. It arises from the mucosal and submucosal layers of the lower esophagus. Clinical presentation includes progressive dysphagia, nausea, throat discomfort, and foreign body sensation.


esophageal leukoplakia

description: A rare condition that usually affects the middle-to-distal esophagus in middle-aged and elderly people. There is usually a history of tobacco smoking or alcohol intake. Dysphagia is the presenting symptom. Morphologically, the lesions are well-demarcated and are characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, thickened basal layer, prominent granular cell layer, and hyperorthokeratosis. In a minority of patients this condition is associated with adjacent high-grade squamous dysplasia and/or squamous cell carcinoma.


name: combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

description: A rare tumor containing unequivocal elements of both hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma that are intimately admixed. This tumor should be distinguished from separate hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma arising in the same liver. The prognosis of this tumor is poor.


cecum carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the caecum


liver lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the liver.


acute cholangitis

description: Cholangitis that is both sudden in onset and of a relatively short duration.


congenital esophageal diverticulum

description: Congenital esophageal diverticulum is a rare, non-syndromic malformation of the esophagus, present at birth, and characterized by a false diverticulum, most often located in the upper, posterior esophagus. Many patients are asymptomatic, but respiratory distress, food regurgitation, dysphagia, chest pain, aspiration pneumonia and discomfort are typical presenting manifestations.


name: bile duct mucinous cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and it is associated with an invasive carcinomatous component.


Barrett adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett metaplastic epithelium in the esophagus. There is evidence supporting the idea that the Barrett adenocarcinomas develop through a stepwise progression through intestinal metaplastic epithelium to epithelial dysplasia to malignancy. Adenocarcinomas arising in the setting of Barrett esophagus are typically papillary and/or tubular. In terms of grading, they are well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. -- 2002


inflammatory bowel disease 15

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 10q21.


intestinal lymphangiectasia

description: Dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by diarrhea; hypoproteinemia; peripheral and/or abdominal edema; and protein-losing enteropathies.


gallbladder adenoma

description: A polypoid epithelial neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder. According to the neoplastic growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, tubulopapillary, or papillary.


intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small or large intestine. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


name: diazoxide-resistant focal hyperinsulinism due to Kir6.2 deficiency


anal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the anal canal or the anal margin (perianal skin). Human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of cases. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Symptoms include anal pruritus, discomfort when sitting, pain, change in bowel habit, and bleeding. The prognosis is generally better for anal margin SCC than for anal canal SCC.


undifferentiated carcinoma of esophagus

description: An esophageal carcinoma characterized by the absence of microscopic features of squamous differentiation. However, there is immunohistochemical evidence of squamous differentiation.


anal gland adenocarcinoma

description: An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the anal glands. The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.


lipoma of the rectum

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the rectum.


Cronkhite-Canada syndrome

description: Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis syndrome characterized by the association of non-hereditary GI polyposis with the cutaneous triad of alopecia, nail changes and hyperpigmentation.


toxic megacolon

description: An acute form of megacolon, severe pathological dilatation of the colon. It is associated with clinical conditions such as ulcerative colitis; crohn disease; amebic dysentery; or clostridium enterocolitis.


gallbladder lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm involving the gallbladder wall.


colon neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


name: food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis

description: A benign inflammatory colitis caused by a non-IgE-mediated immune reaction to ingested food proteins.


intestinal disaccharidase deficiency

description: Inherited or acquired disorders of sugar metabolism. Deficiencies of lactase, maltase or sucrase-isomaltase usually occur irreversibly and independent of one another. Congenital deficiencies are rare whereas acquired deficiencies are more common and may be seen following intestinal mucosal brush-border injury. Clinical signs include abdominal cramping, bloating, flatulence and diarrhea following dietary intake of lactose, maltose or sucrose. The clinical course leads to malabsorption of disaccharides which has implications for normal growth and development if manifested at an early age.


gastric neuroendocrine tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


epithelial tumor of anal canal

description: A epithelial neoplasm that involves the anal canal.


pancreatic serous cystadenoma

description: A benign, non-metastasizing cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It is composed of glycogen-rich epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


name: extrahepatic bile duct mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


Meckel diverticulitis

description: Inflammation of a congenital diverticulum of the lower intestine.


carcinoma of hard palate

description: A carcinoma that involves the hard palate.


perianal Crohn disease

description: An Crohn disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the anal canal.


name: visceral leiomyopathy, African degenerative


inflammatory bowel disease 3

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 6p21.3.


name: POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome caused by germline pathogenic POLD1 variants. It is characterized by the presence of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.


pancreatic foamy gland adenocarcinoma

description: A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of adenocarcinoma cells with foamy cytoplasm.


name: inflammatory bowel disease (infantile ulcerative colitis) 31, autosomal recessive


name: congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency with starch and lactose intolerance


name: neuroendocrine tumor of the colon, well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon.


ALPI-related inflammatory bowel disease

description: Any inflammatory bowel disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ALPI gene.


esophagus verrucous carcinoma

description: A rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It is an exophytic, cauliflower-like or papillary mass that can arise in any part of the esophagus. This variant of squamous cell carcinoma grows slowly and invades locally, with a very low metastasizing potential. (WHO)


hepatic vascular disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic vascular disorder that affects the liver. Representative examples include veno-occlusive disease, hemangioma, lymphangioma, and angiosarcoma.


name: neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease

description: Neonatal inflammatory skin and bowel disease is a rare, life-threatening, autoinflammatory syndrome with immune deficiency disorder characterized by early-onset, life-long inflammation, affecting the skin and bowel, associated with recurrent infections. Patients present perioral and perianal psoriasiform erythema and papular eruption with pustules, failure to thrive associated with chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, intercurrent gastrointestinal infections and feeding troubles, as well as absent, short or broken hair and trichomegaly. Recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections lead to recurrent blepharitis, otitis externa and bronchiolitis.


gastric intestinal metaplasia

description: Metaplastic changes in the lining of the upper digestive tract.


name: intellectual disability-hypotonia-brachycephaly-pyloric stenosis-cryptorchidism syndrome


Whipple disease

description: A systemic infection caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It affects the small intestine resulting in malabsorption. Other sites or systems affected by the infection are the joints, central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system.


juvenile polyp

description: A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the stomach and intestinal tract. It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the extrahepatic bile duct


name: gallbladder biliary intraepithelial neoplasia

description: A neoplastic, non-invasive lesion that affects the gallbladder epithelium. It is characterized by the presence of atypical epithelial cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, and loss of nuclear polarity.


esophagus sarcoma

description: A malignant soft tissue neoplasm that arises from the esophagus. Representative examples include Kaposi sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


pouchitis

description: Acute inflammation in the intestinal mucosa of the continent ileal reservoir (or pouch) in patients who have undergone ileostomy and restorative proctocolectomy (proctocolectomy, restorative).


name: squamous cell carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract

description: Squamous cell carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract is an extremely rare, primary, malignant liver and biliray tract epithelial tumor originating in the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium histologically characterized by the presence of keratinization and/or intracellular bridges. Patients typically present abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, fever and/or dyspepsia.


rectum leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


somatostatinoma

description: A rare, usually malignant neuroendocrine tumor arizing from delta cells. This neoplasm produces large amounts of somatostatin, which may result in a syndrome characterized by diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and gastric hyposecretion. Sixty percent are found in the pancreas and 40% in the duodenum or jejunum. The peak incidence occurs between 40 and 60 years of age; women are affected more than men by 2:1.


name: mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of pancreas

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing a mixture of ductal and neuroendocrine malignant cells in both the primary tumor and in the metastatic sites.


refractory celiac disease

description: Refractory celiac disease (RCD) is a complex autoimmune disorder much like the more common celiac disease but, unlike celiac disease, it is resistant or unresponsive to at least 12 months of treatment with a strict gluten-free diet. Gliadin, a component of the wheat storage protein gluten, together with similar proteins in barley and rye, are the villains that trigger the immune reaction in celiac disease. The diagnosis of RCD is made by exclusion, especially of any other disorder that can affect the huge number of thread-like projections that line the interior of the intestine (intestinal villi), such as intestinal lymphoma, Crohn's disease, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or hypogammaglobulinemia.


familial colorectal cancer type X

description: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer characterized by the absence of germline mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes.


transverse colon cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the transverse colon.


colorectal lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the colon or rectum. The majority are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


upper gum cancer

description: A cancer involving a gingiva of upper jaw.


signet ring cell gastric adenocarcinoma

description: A poorly cohesive gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by malignant cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin.


primary desmosis coli

description: A rare intestinal disease characterized by congenital partial or complete lack of the collagen mesh network in the intestinal wall, resulting in hypoperistalsis or aperistalsis. The enteric nervous system is normal or near-normal in the affected areas, although hypo- and dysganglionosis may be found in some proximal segments of the colon and/or small bowel. Patients present with chronic intractable slow transit constipation.


undifferentiated gallbladder carcinoma

description: A carcinoma without evidence of differentiation arising from the gallbladder. The most common variant is the spindle and giant cell type which resembles a sarcoma.


salivary gland carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the major or minor salivary glands. Representative examples include carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.


squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the pancreas.


colon mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin. Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections. Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


name: proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia

description: Proton-pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE) is a rare, gastroenterologic disease characterized by typical clinical, endoscopic and histological features of eosinophilic oesophagitis (i.e. symptomatic oesophageal dysfunction associated with eosinophil-predominant mucose infiltrate) which completely remits upon proton pump inhibitor therapy.


small intestinal Burkitt lymphoma

description: A Burkitt lymphoma that arises from the small intestine.


name: gastric gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the stomach. It produces gastrin and it may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


Meckel diverticulum cancer

description: A cancer involving a Meckel's diverticulum.


name: chronic diarrhea due to glucoamylase deficiency

description: This syndrome is characterized by chronic diarrhea in infancy or childhood in association with intestinal glucoamylase deficiency.


gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the gallbladder. It is composed entirely by malignant squamous epithelial cells.


name: biliary atresia intrahepatic syndromic form


esophageal varices without bleeding

description: Evidence of esophageal varices without bleeding.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma

description: A malignant glandular neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation, papillary patterns, and cystic changes. It has been associated with KRAS and Tp53 gene mutations.


diphtheritic peritonitis

description: A peritonitis which involves inflammation of peritoneal cavity by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.


fungal esophagitis

description: Infection of the esophagus caused by fungi, most often candida albicans and candida tropicalis. It usually affects patients with immunodeficiency disorders or diabetes mellitus. Symptoms include dysphagia and pain on swallowing.


rectum mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectum characterized by the presence of pools of extracellular mucin. Malignant glandular epithelial cells are present in the mucin collections. Mucin constitutes more than 50% of the lesion.


Muir-Torre syndrome

description: Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a form of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) characterized by cutaneous sebaceous tumors, keratoacanthomas and at least one visceral malignancy, most frequently gastrointestinal carcinoma.


cecum villous adenoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the cecal mucosa. It is characterized by a villous architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


pancreatic exocrine neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.


Clostridium difficile colitis

description: A bacterial infection of the colon secondary to infection with Clostridium difficile bacteria. This infection generally results from the loss of normal gut flora secondary to recent antibiotic use, and manifests as copious watery stools, with associated abdominal pain and myalgia. C. difficile is the most common cause of pseudomembranous colitis, and can progress to toxic megacolon if left untreated.


shigellosis

description: Shigellosis is a bacterial infection leading to dysentery and is caused by Shigella, which are small, ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteria family. There are four species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei, all of which cause bacillary dysentery and are strictly limited to human hosts.


rectal tubular adenoma

description: A usually polypoid neoplasm that arises from the glandular epithelium of the rectal mucosa. It is characterized by a tubular architectural pattern. The neoplastic glandular cells have dysplastic features.


immature gastric teratoma

description: A malignant teratoma that arises from the stomach.


appendix adenoma

description: A circumscribed neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium of the appendix. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.


idiopathic copper-associated cirrhosis

description: Idiopathic copper-associated cirrhosis is a rare copper-overload liver disease characterized by a rapidly progressive liver cirrhosis from the first few years of life leading to hepatic insufficiency and harboring a specific pathological aspect: pericellular fibrosis, inflammatory infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis, absence of steatosis, poor regeneration and histochemical copper staining.


jejunal somatostatinoma

description: A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the jejunum. It is characterized by the presence of tubulo-glandular structures.


inflammatory bowel disease 2

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 12p13.2-q24.1.


duodenum cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the duodenum. Representative examples include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


colon signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells which contain prominent intracytoplasmic mucin (signet ring cells). The signet ring cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cells.


jejunal neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the jejunum. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


sigmoid disease

description: Pathological processes in the sigmoid colon region of the large intestine (intestine, large).


liver adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts and is composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


duodenogastric reflux

description: Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (bile acids; pancreatic juice) into the stomach.


laryngotracheoesophageal cleft type 4

description: Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal cleft (LC) type 4 is a serious congenital respiratory tract anomaly characterized by a cleft extending into the thoracic trachea and possibly down to the carina, with respiratory distress.


lipoma of stomach

description: A lipoma that involves the stomach.


name: Alagille syndrome due to 20p12 microdeletion


appendix neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


maxillary sinus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the maxillary sinus. Representative examples include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.


gastric fundus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the fundus of stomach.


intestinal atresia

description: A congenital malformation characterized by the absence of a normal opening in a part of the intestine. It can occur either in the small or the large intestine.


appendiceal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm involving the appendix.


liver angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the liver.


oral cavity carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising in the oral cavity. Most oral cavity carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, buccal mucosa, or gums. Less frequent morphologic variants include mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.