name: physiological malfunction arising from mental factor

description: A dysfunction in biological function that is due to a psychological process.


uveoparotid fever

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A manifestation of sarcoidosis marked by chronic inflammation of the parotid gland and the uvea.


primary pediatric heart tumor

description: Cardiac tumors are benign or malignant neoplasms arising primarily in the inner lining, muscle layer, or the surrounding pericardium of the heart. They can be primary or metastatic.


Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis

description: Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) is an ocular disease of unknown etiology occurring in a very small percentage (0.5-6.2%) of uvietis cases, characterized by diffuse iris heterochromia or atrophy, keratic precipitates in the absence of synechiae, and in some cases evolving to glaucoma and vitreous opacities.


diaphragma sellae meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the diaphragma sellae.


Norwegian scabies

description: A rare, severe form of scabies that is associated with immunosuppression. It is characterized by an immense number of mites and hyperkeratotic crusted lesions, and is usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia.


cutaneous liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the skin.


fibular aplasia-ectrodactyly syndrome

description: Fibular aplasia-ectrodactyly syndrome is characterized by fibular aplasia and ectrodactyly. Less than 50 familial and sporadic cases have been reported in the literature. Shortening of the femur, a curved tibia, severe foot anomalies and pathologies of the hip, knee and ankle may also be present. The disorder is probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with reduced penetrance, especially in females.


name: mitochondrial complex 2 deficiency, nuclear type 3


Rieger anomaly

description: Rieger's anomaly is a congenital ocular defect caused by anterior segment dysgenesis and is characterized by severe anterior chamber deformity with prominent strands and marked atrophy of the iris stroma, with hole or pseudo-hole formation and corectopia. The term covers the association of these iris and pupil anomalies with the features of AxenfeldBs anomaly.


acquired rippling muscle disease

description: The acquired form of RMD. Although RMD most often is reported with autosomal dominant inheritance, some sporadic cases are found, and an association with other diseases such as myasthenia gravis has also been reported.


tibio-fibular synostosis

description: Tibio-fibular synostosis is a rare, non-syndromic limb malformation characterized by fusion of the proximal or distal tibial and fibular metaphysis and/or diaphysis, frequently associated with distal positioning of the proximal tibiofibular joint, leg length discrepancy, bowing of the fibula, and valgus deformity of the knee.


ring chromosome 11

description: Ring chromosome 11 syndrome is an autosomal anomaly characterized by variable clinical features, including early growth retardation and short stature, microcephaly, developmental delay, some degree of intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism and café-au-lait spots. In some cases, congenital heart disease and endocrine abnormalities have been reported.


name: partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 16


name: peritoneal well differentiated papillary mesothelioma

description: A localized or multifocal mesothelioma arising from the peritoneum. It predominantly occurs in women. It is characterized by the formation of papillae, covered by a single layer of blunt mesothelial cells. Mitotic figures are not present. There is no evidence of severe cytologic atypia. It has a relatively favorable clinical outcome, compared to diffuse malignant mesothelioma.


pulmonary branch stenosis

description: Narrowing of the lumen of the right or left pulmonary artery branch.


systemic mycosis

description: A mycosis that involves the lungs, abdominal viscera, bones and or central nervous system.


orofaciodigital syndrome VIII

description: Oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 8 is characterized by tongue lobulation, hypoplasia of the epiglottis, median cleft upper lip, broad or bifid nasal tip, hypertelorism or telecanthus, bilateral preaxial and postaxial polydactyly, abnormal tibiae and/or radii, duplication of the halluces, short stature, and mild intellectual deficit.


name: hair defect with photosensitivity and intellectual disability syndrome

description: Syndrome with the association of stubby, coarse, sparse and fragile hair, eyebrows and eyelashes with photosensitivity and nonprogressive intellectual deficit, without a demonstrable metabolic aberration. It has been described in three sisters born to consanguineous parents.


prosopagnosia, hereditary

description: An instance of prosopagnosia (disease) that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


name: myeloid leukemia associated with down syndrome

description: An acute megakaryocytic leukemia occurring in children with Down syndrome and that has material basis in mutation in the GATA1 gene.


name: early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia


name: maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 9

description: Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 9 is an uniparental disomy of maternal origin that most likely does not have any phenotypic expression except from cases of homozygosity for a recessive disease mutation for which only mother is a carrier.


name: glaucoma with elevated episcleral venous pressure


peritoneal multicystic mesothelioma

description: A cystic mesothelioma that arises from the peritoneum and usually affects young to middle aged females. Grossly, it presents as a large multiloculated tumor mass, usually in the pelvic peritoneum. Histologically it is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts that are lined by one or more layers of mesothelial cells that do not show atypia. Patients usually present with abdominal or pelvic mass and pain. The clinical course is indolent. The tumor may recur, but transformation to diffuse malignant mesothelioma is rare.


cervix melanoma

description: An aggressive malignant tumor of melanocytic origin that arises from the cervix.


name: ocular melanoma with extraocular extension

description: A melanoma arising from and extending beyond the structures of the eye.


name: ectodermal dysplasia, sensorineural hearing loss, and distinctive facial features


acquired pituitary hormone deficiency

description: An instance of hypopituitarism that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


Kandori fleck retina

description: Kandori fleck retina is a rare, genetic retinal dystrophy characterized by irregular, sharply defined, yellowish-white lesions of variable size that are distributed mainly in the nasal equatorial region of the retina, with a tendency to confluence, that are not associated with any vascular or optic nerve abnormalities. They frequently manifest as mild and stationary night blindness.


neonatal lupus erythematosus

description: A self-limited skin rash that appears in the neonatal period and usually resolves in four to six months after birth. It is caused by placental transfer of maternal autoantibodies, usually anti-Ro antibody. In a minority of cases, it is associated with congenital heart block, hepatitis, or thrombocytopenia. The mothers of the affected babies may be asymptomatic or suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, or rheumatoid arthritis.


name: intermediate collagen VI-related muscular dystrophy

description: A form of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by congenital weakness, hypotonia, proximal joint contractures, marked hyperlaxity of the distal joints, attainment of independent ambulation which is subsequently lost and uniform respiratory insufficiency during the teenage years.


vestibulocochlear nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the vestibulocochlear nerve.


skin infection

description: An inflammatory process affecting the skin, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. Examples of bacterial infection include carbuncles, furuncles, impetigo, erysipelas, and abscesses. Examples of viral infection include shingles, warts, molluscum contagiosum, and pityriasis rosea. Examples of parasitic infection include scabies and lice. Examples of fungal infection include athlete's foot, yeast infection, and ringworm.


name: anterior chamber cleavage disorder, cerebellar hypoplasia, hypothyroidism, and tracheal stenosis

description: A rare, congenital malformation syndrome characterized by the association of anterior ocular chamber cleavage disorder with developmental delay, short stature and congenital hypothyroidism. Additional manifestations include cerebellar hypoplasia, tracheal stenosis, narrow external auditory meatus, and hip dislocation. There have been no further description in the literature since 1995.


high output heart failure

description: High-output heart failure is a heart condition that occurs when the cardiac output is higher than normal.


name: cerebellar atrophy with seizures and variable developmental delay


name: lethal short-limb skeletal dysplasia, Al Gazali type


canine distemper

description: A viral disease caused by canine distemper virus that affects a wide variety of animal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and large cats, as well as pinnipeds, some primates, and a variety of other species.


grade II meningioma

description: An atypical meningioma which may recur in approximately 29-40% of the cases. This category includes the atypical meningioma, chordoid meningioma, and clear cell meningioma.


postpoliomyelitis syndrome

description: Postpoliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) is a neurologic disorder characterized by the development of new neuromuscular symptoms such as progressive muscular weakness or abnormal muscle fatigability occurring in survivors of the acute paralytic form of poliomyelitis, 15-40 years after recovery from the disease, and that is unexplained by other medical causes. Other manifestations that can occur gradually include generalized fatigue, muscle atrophy, muscle and joint pain, intolerance to cold, and difficulties sleeping, swallowing or breathing.


orofaciodigital syndrome type 12

description: Orofaciodigital syndrome type 12 is a rare subtype of orofaciodigital syndrome, with sporadic occurrence, characterized by cardiac (septum hypertrophy) and central nervous system abnormalities (myelomeningocele, Sylvius aqueduct stenosis, corpus callosum agenesis, vermis hypoplasia), in addition to oral, facial and digital malformations (gingival frenulae, bifid tongue, supernumerary teeth, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, pre- and post-axial polydactyly in hands, preaxial polydactyly in feet and club feet). Skeletal anomalies, such as short tibiae and central, Y-shaped metacarpals, are also associated.


testicular granulosa cell tumor

description: A rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of granulosa-like cells and Call-Exner bodies. There are two variants described, the adult and the juvenile.


name: vasculitis, lymphocytic, cutaneous small vessel


inborn metal metabolism disorder

description: An inherited metabolic disorder that involves metabolic disturbances in the processing or distribution of dietary minerals.


extracutaneous mastocytoma

description: A localized tumor consisting of mature mast cells. (WHO, 2001) -- 2003


Epstein-Barr virus infection

description: An infection that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus.


name: basal cell carcinoma, susceptibility to, 7

description: Any skin basal cell carcinoma in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the TP53 gene.


talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis

description: Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis is an extremely rare form of primary osteolysis, described in two sisters to date, characterized by bilateral osteolysis of the tali, scaphoids, and patellae (accompanied by periarticular swelling and pain) and short fourth metacarpals (brachydactyly type E), in the absence of renal disease. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested.


name: intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay


split hand

description: Split hand is a rare, non-syndromic limb reduction defect, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by bilateral or unilateral underdevelopment or absence of the central rays of the autopod, with absence of all or just some of the central phalanges and at least part of the associated metacarpal bones, yielding a cleft appearance of the hand. It is frequently associated with syndactyly and aplasia/hypoplasia of remaining digits and metacarpal bones. No other dysmorphic features are observed and development is appropriate for age.


name: combined osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 1


name: thrombocytopenia 11 with multiple congenital anomalies and dysmorphic facies


cerebral arterial disease

description: Pathological conditions of intracranial arteries supplying the cerebrum. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the anterior cerebral artery; middle cerebral artery; and posterior cerebral artery.


name: spastic ataxia-dysarthria due to glutaminase deficiency


name: qualitative or quantitative defects of gamma-sarcoglycan


disorder of GNAS inactivation

description: Any endocrine system disorder in which the cause of the disease is inactivation of the GNAS gene. Phenotypes include pseudohypoparathyroidism Ia, Ib, and Ic (PHP-Ia, -Ib, -Ic), pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), and osteoma cutis (OC).


methanol poisoning

description: Methanol poisoning is a rare poisoning resulting in elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis, due to the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-mediated production of formic acid (which is poisonous to the central nervous system), and characterized by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances (which if left untreated can lead to blindness), coma, and death (due to respiratory failure).


isolated glycerol kinase deficiency

description: Isolated glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is a very rare X-linked disorder of glycerol metabolism characterized biochemically by elevated plasma and urine glycerol levels, and clinically by variable neurometabolic manifestations, depending on the age of onset, and varying from a life-threatening childhood metabolic crisis to an asymptomatic adult form (infantile GKD, juvenile GKD, and adult GKD ).


name: genital herpes simplex type 2 infectious disorder

description: Any herpes simplex type 2 infectious disease that involves the genitals.


Mendelian encephalopathy

description: An instance of encephalopathy that is caused by an inherited genomic modification in an individual.


name: cranial dysinnervation disorder, congenital, with absent corneal reflex and developmental delay


name: muscular dystrophy, congenital, with or without seizures


aleutian mink disease, human

description: A human disease caused by infection with Aleutian mink disease parvovirus.


ostertagiasis

description: A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus ostertagia.


congenital laryngeal palsy

description: Congenital laryngeal palsy is a rare larynx anomaly characterized by unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords as a result of dysfunction of the motor nerve supply to the larynx. Patients typically present at birth (or shortly thereafter) with stridor, weak or breathy cry, dysphonia or aphonia, feeding or aspiration difficulties and, occasionally, respiratory compromise. Neurological disease, masses that cause compression and aberrant vessels are often associated. Most cases resolve spontaneously over 6-12 months.


name: inflammatory bowel disease, immunodeficiency, and encephalopathy


split hand, unilateral

description: Split hand, unilateral is a rare, non-syndromic limb reduction defect, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by unilateral underdevelopment or absence of the central rays of the autopod, with absence of all, or just some, of the central phalanges and at least part of the associated metacarpal bones, yielding a cleft appearance of the hand. It is frequently associated with syndactyly and aplasia/hypoplasia of remaining digits and metacarpal bones. No other dysmorphic features are observed and development is appropriate for age.


name: maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 22


name: tetraamelia with ectodermal dysplasia and lacrimal duct abnormalities


carpotarsal osteochondromatosis

description: Carpotarsal osteochondromatosis is a very rare primary bone dysplasia disorder characterized by abnormal bone proliferation and osteochondromas in the upper and lower limbs.


name: myopathy, congenital, with respiratory insufficiency and bone fractures


heavy chain deposition disease

description: A subtype of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease in which heavy chain deposition results in non-amyloid tissue deposits which may cause organ dysfunction.


Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

description: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHCS) is a condition in which a woman has swelling of the tissue covering the liver as a result of having pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Symptoms most often include pain in the upper right abdomen just below the ribs, fever, nausea, or vomiting. The symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease - pain in the lower abdomen and vaginal discharge -are oftenpresent as well. FHCS is usually caused by an infection of chlamydia or gonorrhea that leads to PID; it is not known why PIDprogresses toFHCS in some women. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is treatedwith antibiotics.


name: ectrodactyly and ectodermal dysplasia without cleft lip/palate


eastern equine encephalitis

description: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is an acute arboviral infection caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family transmitted by an infected mosquito, that is characterized by the onset of flulike symptoms including fever, chills, weakness, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain with diarrhea, myalgia, leucocytosis, and hematuria, rapidly progressing to diffuse central nervous system (CNS) involvement with confusion, somnolence, or even coma. Seizures, which may progress to status epilepticus and neurologic sequelae, cranial nerve palsies, and photophobia may occur. EEE is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.


name: spastic paraplegia 91, autosomal dominant, with or without cerebellar ataxia


name: proximal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome

description: Chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is a missing (deleted) copy of genetic material from the part of the long (q) arm near the center of chromosome 18.


ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia

description: Ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia is characterized by complete blindness due to corneal opacities, difficult mastication due to temporomandibular fusion and anomalies of the arms.


2q23.1 microduplication syndrome

description: 2q23.1 microduplication syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 2, primarily characterized by global developmental delay, hypotonia, autistic-like features and behavioral problems. Craniofacial dysmorphism (arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, bilateral ptosis, prominent nose, wide mouth, micro/retrognathia) and an affable personality are also commonly associated. Minor digital anomalies (fifth finger clinodactyly and large, broad first toe) have occasionally been reported.


pineal region meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the pineal gland.


name: acute myeloid leukemia with t(6;9)(p23;q34)

description: Acute myeloid leukemia with t(6;9)(p23;q34) is a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities characterized by clonal proliferation of poorly differentiated myeloid blasts in the bone marrow, blood, or other tissues in patients who present the t(6;9)(p23;q34) translocation. Frequently associated with multilineage bone marrow dysplasia, it usually presents with anemia, thrombocytopenia (often pancytopenia), and other nonspecific symptoms related to ineffective hematopoesis (fatigue, bleeding and bruising, recurrent infections, bone pain) and/or extramedullary site involvement (gingivitis, splenomegaly). Basophilia, as well as poor response to chemotherapy, has been reported.


name: qualitative or quantitative defects of alpha-sarcoglycan


name: ophthalmoplegic neuromuscular disorder with abnormal mitochondria


lichen planus pigmentosus

description: Lichen planus (LP) pigmentosus is a rare variant of cutaneous lichen planus characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented lichenoid lesions in sun-exposed or flexural areas of the body.


name: acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with mutation of the nucleophosmin gene. It is usually associated with normal karyotype and frequently has myelomonocytic or monocytic features. It usually responds to induction therapy.


disorder of methylamine metabolism

description: An inherited metabolic disease that has its basis in the disruption of methylamine metabolic process.


name: neurologic disease, infantile multisystem, with osseous fragility


autosomal genetic disease

description: A monogenic disease that is has material basis in a mutation in a single gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes.


pyeloureteritis cystica

description: A non-neoplastic lesion of the ureter characterized by the presence of multiple submucosal small cysts in the ureteral wall.  It is caused by inflammation due to urinary tract stones or infection.


limited dorsal myeloschisis

description: A rare dysraphic abnormality characterized by a persistent connection between the neural tissue and overlying skin. The stalk-like connection consists of a fibroneural tract (mainly composed of fibrous attenuated mesenchymal tissue and neural elements without an epithelial lining) connecting the skin lesion to the underlying dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Fibroneural stalk varies in thickness and complexity and they pass through the deep fascia, a bifid lamina/ the interspinous ligament, and the dura. It can be associated with filum anomaly. Chiari II malformation is not present.


name: rolandic epilepsy-paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia-writer's cramp syndrome


radiation-induced disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder which results from exposure to radiation. Examples of non-neoplastic disorders include dermatitis, enteritis, stomatitis, pneumonitis, and cerebritis. Examples of neoplastic disorders include myelodysplastic syndromes, leukemias, and sarcomas.


autosomal recessive distal titinopathy

description: A rare myopathy characterized by weakness of the muscles of the anterior compartment of lower limbs. Described as a more severe tibial muscular dystrophy phenotype, distal titinopathy is associated with earlier onset and progression to include soleus muscle and proximal muscles.


name: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

description: A spectrum of malignant tumors, affecting mostly males under age 20, characterized morphologically by the presence of small round cells. Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor represent the ends of a spectrum, with Ewing sarcoma lacking evidence of neural differentiation and the markers that characterize the peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Ewing sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor may share cytogenetic abnormalities, proto-oncogene expression, cell culture and immunohistochemical abnormalities. These tumors may occur in the soft tissues or the bones. Pain and the presence of a mass are the most common clinical symptoms.


name: Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion of 15q11q13 type 1


name: congenital absence of both lower leg and foot, bilateral


erythematosquamous dermatosis

description: A skin condition that primarily affects the scalp and face and presents as scaly inflammation. Examples include itchy, dry skin and dandruff.


name: hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer

description: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by a predisposition to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and, in some families, to renal cell cancer.


interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma

description: A neoplastic proliferation of spindle to ovoid cells which show phenotypic features similar to those of interdigitating dendritic cells. The clinical course is generally aggressive. (WHO, 2008)


osteogenic neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant bone-forming neoplasm. Representative examples include osteoma, osteoblastoma, and osteosarcoma.


atypical polypoid adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma characterized by the presence of marked glandular architectural complexity.


letterer-Siwe disease

description: A multifocal, multisystem form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. There is involvement of multiple organ systems including the bones, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Patients are usually infants presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone and skin lesions, and pancytopenia.


malignant renal pelvis neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the renal pelvis.


congenital toxoplasmosis

description: Toxoplasma infection that is present from birth.


name: Leydig cell hypoplasia due to complete LH resistance


name: maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20

description: Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 (UPD 20) is a very rare chromosomal anomaly in which both copies of chromosome 20 are inherited from the mother. The main feature described is prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Microcephaly, minor dysmorphic features and psychomotor developmental delay have been occasionally reported. Maternal UPD20 is most often ascertained by a mosaic trisomy 20 pregnancy.


name: disorder of carbohydrate transmembrane transport and absorption


name: von Willebrand disease (hereditary or acquired)

description: Hereditary or acquired coagulation disorder characterized by a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the von Willebrand factor. The latter plays an important role in platelet adhesion. Signs and symptoms include bruises, nose bleeding, gum bleeding following a dental procedure, heavy menstrual bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding.


ADAR-related type 1 interferonopathy

description: Any type 1 interferonopathies in which the cause of the disease is a variation in the ADAR gene. Individuals with variants in ADAR can present with a variety of phenotypes, including Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.


name: blepharophimosis-epicanthus inversus-ptosis due to copy number variations

description: Blepharophimosis - epicanthus inversus - ptosis (BPES) due to polyA expansion is a form of BPES, characterized by the classical eyelid malformation (blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus) which may be associated with a mild ovarian involvement.


botryomycosis

description: A rare chronic suppurative bacterial infection involving mostly subcutaneous tissues and less frequently other organs. Botryomycosis is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the exact pathogenesis remains uncertain. Treatment often requires a combination of both surgical debridement and long-term antimicrobial therapy.


name: sulfide quinone oxidoreductase deficiency


name: hypophosphatemia, renal, with intracerebral calcifications


primary orthostatic hypotension

description: Primary orthostatic hypotension is a rare type of orthostatic hypotension. It is not a disease per se, but a condition caused by several disorders that affect a specific part of the autonomic nervous system, such as multiple system atrophy, young-onset Parkinson's disease, pure autonomic failure, dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency, familial dysautonomia, and pure autonomic failure among others. The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that regulates certain involuntary body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and bowel and bladder control. Orthostatic hypotension is a form of low blood pressure that happens when standing-up from sitting or lying down. Common symptoms may include dizziness, lightheadedness, generalized weakness, leg buckling, nausea, blurry vision, fatigue, and headaches. Additional symptoms can include chest pain (angina), head and neck pain (often affecting neck and shoulders with a coat hanger distribution), decline in cognitive functioning such as difficulty concentrating, temporary loss of consciousness or “blackout”. Some people with primary orthostatic hypotension may also have high blood pressure when lying down. The treatment depends upon several factors including the specific underlying cause including The treatment depends upon several factors including the specific underlying cause and may include physical counter-maneuvers like lying down, sitting down, squatting clenching buttocks, leg crossing, and support garment and medication.


parneoplastic endocrine syndrome

description: Paraneoplastic syndrome that involves the endocrine system.


herpangina

description: A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in mouth, has material basis in Human coxsackievirus A16, has material basis in Human enterovirus 71, has material basis in group B coxsackievirus, or has material basis in echoviruses, which are transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, transmitted by contact with pharyngeal secretions, or transmitted by droplet spread of oronasal secretions. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom lesions in the back area of the mouth, particularly the soft palate or tonsillar pillars.


name: thyroid hormone plasma membrane transport defect


name: facial dysmorphism-macrocephaly-myopia-Dandy-Walker malformation syndrome

description: Facial dysmorphism-macrocephaly-myopia-Dandy-Walker malformation syndrome is characterized by Dandy-Walker malformation, severe intellectual deficit, macrocephaly, brachytelephalangy, facial dysmorphism and severe myopia. Three cases have been described. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.


acquired hemoglobinopathy

description: An instance of hemoglobinopathy that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


humeral agenesis/hypoplasia

description: Humeral agenesis/hypoplasia is a rare, non-syndromic limb reduction defect characterized by the unilateral or bilateral presence of a short arm with completely absent or underdeveloped humerus, frequently associated with ulnar and/or radial malformations. Patients may present with the appearance of the forearm directly attached to the shoulder, no articulation at the shoulder joint, impossible passive extension of the arm beyond the mid-axillary line, no elbow joints, bowing of the radius, a short ulna and/or ulnar/radial deviation of the hand at the wrist.


non-histaminic angioedema

description: Angioedema is characterized by the occurrence of transitory and recurrent subcutaneous and/or submucosal edemas resulting in swelling and/or abdominal pain.


X-linked spinocerebellar ataxia type 4

description: Spinocerebellar ataxia, X-linked, type 4 is characterized by ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and adult-onset dementia. It has been described in three generations of one large family. The disease manifests during early childhood with delayed walking and tremor. The pyramidal signs appear progressively and by adulthood memory problems and dementia gradually become apparent. Transmission is X-linked but the causative gene has not yet been identified. The disease is usually fatal during the sixth decade of life.


pediatric meningioma

description: A meningioma that occurs during childhood.


name: leukoencephalopathy with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts

description: Leukoencephalopathy with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts is a nonprogressive neurological disorder marked by intellectual deficit, spasticity and motor retardation associated with characteristic MRI findings of anterior bilateral temporal lobe cysts and multilobar leukoencephalopathy. So far, around 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Onset occurs in the first few months of life. Sensorineural deafness and microcephaly have also been reported. The etiology is unknown but an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been suggested.


childhood onset asthma

description: Asthma that starts in childhood.


name: mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 14


inhalational anthrax

description: A rare acute systemic infection caused by the inhalation of Bacillus anthracis spores (e.g. through infected animal products, bioterrorism) and characterized by an initial stage where patients present with non specific symptoms (fever, cough, chills, fatigue) that is followed by an acute phase during which hemorrhagic mediastinitis occurs that can progress into meningitis, gastrointestinal involvement, and refractory shock, that can be fatal, if left untreated.


Zika virus congenital syndrome

description: A congenital birth syndrome that arises from materal Zika infection.


description: X-linked intellectual disability-hypogonadism-ichthyosis-obesity-short stature syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome characterized by intellectual disability associated with short stature, obesity, primary hypogonadism and an ichthyosiform skin condition. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1982.


name: infantile-onset pulmonary alveolar proteinosis-hypogammaglobulinemia

description: A rare genetic respiratory disease characterized by infantile onset of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with hypogammaglobulinemia. Patients have normal respiratory function at birth, but subsequently develop recurrent, mainly viral, infections and progressive respiratory failure, often leading to death in infancy or early childhood. Additional reported features include leukocytosis and splenomegaly.


moderately severe hemophilia A

description: Moderately severe hemophilia A is a form of hemophilia A characterized by factor VIII deficiency leading to abnormal bleeding as a result of minor injuries, or following surgery or tooth extraction.


name: glutamic acid decarboxylase, brain, membrane form


BBS9-related ciliopathy

description: Any ciliopathy caused by variants in the BBS9 gene.


amelia of lower limb

description: A non-syndromic amelia that involves the hindlimb.


name: central polydactyly of fingers, bilateral


alveolar periostitis

description: A condition sometimes occurring after tooth extraction, particularly after traumatic extraction, resulting in a dry appearance of the exposed bone in the socket, due to disintegration or loss of the blood clot. It is basically a focal osteomyelitis without suppuration and is accompanied by severe pain (alveolalgia) and foul odor. (Dorland, 28th ed)


name: bundle branch block, familial isolated complete right


name: progressive supranuclear palsy-progressive non-fluent aphasia syndrome

description: PSP-progressive non fluent aphasia (PSP-PNFA) is an atypical variant of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rare late-onset neurodegenerative disease. Unlike classic PSP (Richardson syndrome) patients present with an isolated speech production problem years before developing other motor features of PSP.


benign neoplasm of meninges

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the meningeal cluster.


HIV enteropathy

description: A syndrome characterized by chronic, well-established diarrhea (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an hiv-positive individual. It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of hiv on the enteric mucosa. hiv enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrheal illness have been ruled out. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, pp1607-8; Haubrich et al., Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed, p1155)


pulmonary artery coming from the aorta

description: Pulmonary artery coming from the aorta (PACA) is a cardiac malformation characterized by anomalous origin of one branch of the pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta and a normal origin of the other pulmonary artery from the right ventricular outflow tract, and presenting with respiratory distress, congestive heart failure and failure to thrive within the first days/months of life.


name: antithrombin, familial hemorrhagic diathesis due to


name: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with recurrent genetic abnormality

description: B-lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas characterized by the presence of recurring cytogenetic and/or molecular abnormalities.


disorder of bile acid aminotransferase

description: Any peroxisomal single enzyme/protein defect that has its basis in the disruption of bile acid aminotransferase.


isolated congenital entropion

description: A rare eyelid malposition disorder characterized by congenital abnormal inversion of the eyelid towards the globe, potentially causing mechanical irritation of the ocular surface by the eyelashes, which may lead to corneal abrasion and scarring with visual impairment. Typical initial symptoms are foreign body sensation, redness, tearing, and ocular discharge.


name: macrothrombocytopenia, isolated, 2, autosomal dominant


lethal faciocardiomelic dysplasia

description: Lethal faciocardiomelic dysplasia is an extremely rare polymalformative syndrome.


name: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 9


peritoneum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the peritoneum


anterior optic tract meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the anterior visual pathway.


name: immunodeficiency, common variable, due to APRIL deficiency

description: Any commonn variable immunodeficiency in which the cause of the disease is an autosomal recessive variation in the TNFS13 gene.


benign Samaritan congenital myopathy

description: Benign Samaritan congenital myopathy is a rare, genetic, skeletal muscle disease characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia with respiratory insufficiency, delay in motor milestones, and dysmorphic features including bitemporal narrowing, epicanthal folds and hypertelorism. Affected individuals show gradual improvement in hypotonia and muscle weakness within the first two years of life resulting in minimal clinical manifestations in adulthood.


non-syndromic brachydactyly of fingers

description: A non-syndromic brachydactyly that involves the manus.


name: calvarial doughnut lesions-bone fragility syndrome

description: This syndrome is characterized by multiple doughnut-shaped hyperostotic or osteosclerotic lesions of the calvaria.


autosomal recessive disease

description: Autosomal recessive form of disease.


name: intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 16


name: early-onset pulmonary and cutaneous vasculitis

description: A monogenic autoinflammatory disorder caused by a de novo activating mutation, p.Tyr515∗, in hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK). The disease is characterized by cutaneous vasculitis and chronic pulmonary inflammation that progresses to fibrosis.


alcohol and nicotine codependence

description: A drug dependence that is the physiological result of being addicted to alcohol and nicotine.


soft tissue chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the extraskeletal soft tissues near tendons and joints. It is a well circumscribed tumor characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated hyaline cartilage growth pattern, and in some cases calcification.


neurolymphomatosis

description: A transmissible viral disease of birds caused by avian herpesvirus 2 (herpesvirus 2, gallid) and other mardivirus. There is lymphoid cell infiltration or lymphomatous tumor formation in the peripheral nerves and gonads, but may also involve visceral organs, skin, muscle, and the eye.


B-cell adult acute lymphocytic leukemia

description: An acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia occurring in adults.


name: focal palmoplantar and gingival keratoderma

description: Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratoderma is a very rare form of focal palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by painful circumscribed hyperkeratotic lesions on weight-bearing areas of soles, moderate focal hyperkeratosis of palmar pressure-related areas and an asymptomatic leukokeratosis confined to labial- and lingual- attached gingiva. Additional occasional features may include hyperhidrosis, follicular keratosis and extended oral mucosa involvement.


name: disease related to hematopoietic stem cell transplant

description: Disease that occurs as a consequence of immunosuppression in a recipient of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or as a consequence of the transplantation.


Mycoplasma encephalitis

description: Mycoplasma encephalitis is a rare infectious encephalitis characterized by an acute onset of neurological signs and symptoms (e.g. altered consciousness, seizures, headaches, meningeal signs, behavioral changes) due to bacterial infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Patients typically present unspecific signs and symptoms, such as fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, prior to onset of neurological manifestations and frequently have a history of a respiratory tract infection (e.g. pneumonia, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis).


name: mullerian duct anomalies-limb anomalies syndrome

description: Mullerian duct anomalies-limb anomalies syndrome is characterized by the association of mullerian duct and distal limb anomalies. It has been described in five individuals from one family. Females presented with anomalies ranging from a vaginal septum to complete duplication of uterus and vagina, and males presented with micropenis. The limb anomalies varied from postaxial polydactyly to severe upper limb hypoplasia with split hand. The mode of transmission is autosomal dominant.


description: Any disorder of plasmalogen biosynthesis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the AGPS gene.


name: focal palmoplantar keratoderma with joint keratoses


name: agenesis of corpus callosum, cardiac, ocular, and genital syndrome


premature closure of the arterial duct

description: Premature closure of the arterial duct is a rare arterial duct anomaly, defined as a significant constriction or closure of the fetal arterial duct in the absence of structural heart defects with pathognomonic features of increased right ventricular afterload, tricuspid regurgitation and, consequently, right atrial dilation and right ventricular hypertrophy. The severity of symptoms is related to the degree and rate of ductal constriction and ranges from mild postnatal respiratory distress to development of ventricular failure with fetal hydrops and intrauterine death or severe cardiopulmonary compromise in the postnatal period. It may be associated with a prenatal exposure to cyclooxygenase inhibitors or corticosteroids.


brainstem neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the brainstem.


Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome

description: Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by hamartomatous intestinal polyposis, lipomas, macrocephaly and genital lentiginosis.


name: porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome

description: Porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome is rare central nervous system malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral porencephaly, absence of the septum pellucidum and cerebellar hypoplasia with absent vermis. Additionally, dysmorphic facial features (hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, high arched palate, prominent metopic suture), macrocephaly, corneal clouding, situs inversus, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defects and/or seizures have been observed.


name: MELAS syndrome caused by mutation in MTND1

description: Any MELAS syndromein which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the MTND1 gene.


mast cell neoplasm

description: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Recent data suggest that most variants of mast cell neoplasms are clonal disorders. (WHO, 2001)


heart aneurysm

description: A localized bulging or dilatation in the muscle wall of a heart (myocardium), usually in the left ventricle. Blood-filled aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst. Fibrous aneurysms interfere with the heart function through the loss of contractility. True aneurysm is bound by the vessel wall or cardiac wall. False aneurysms are hematoma caused by myocardial rupture.


name: malignant dysgerminomatous germ cell tumor of ovary

description: Malignant dysgerminomatous germ cell tumor of ovary is the most common form of malignant germ cell tumor of ovary, arising from germ cells in the ovary, usually presenting during adolescence with pelvic mass, fever, vaginal bleeding, and acute abdomen and is characterized by bilaterality (around 10% of cases), association with dysgenetic gonads (5 to 10% of cases), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (in the presence of syncitiotrophoblasts). Malignant dysgerminomatous germ cell tumor of ovary responds well to chemotherapy, potentially sparing patients from infertility and early mortality.


true unicornuate uterus

description: True unicornuate uterus is a rare, non-syndromic uterovaginal malformation characterized by a crescent-shaped, small-sized uterus containing a single horn and fallopian tube with no rudimentary horn. Urinary tract anomalies are frequently associated.


name: DeSanto-Shinawi Syndrome due to 10p11.21p12.31 microdeletion


name: neurodevelopmental disorder plus optic atrophy


name: undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy

description: A rare infantile epilepsy syndrome characterized by early onset of seizures of variable type and severity, potentially associated with a spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms including delay or lack of psychomotor development, intellectual disability, poor or absent speech development, behavioral abnormalities, hypotonia, movement disorders, spasticity, microcephaly, and dysmorphic facial features, among others. Brain imaging findings are also variable and may include cerebral atrophy or white matter abnormalities.


cataract 37

description: A cataract that has material basis in variation in the region 12q24.2-q24.3.


Brazilian hemorrhagic fever

description: Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Sabia virus (a newly discovered arenavirus), is a viral hemorrhagic fever, believed to originate from Sao Paulo, Brazil, with only 3 reported cases (2 of which were due to laboratory accidents) to date, characterized by fever, nausea vomiting myalgia tremors, and hemorragic manifestations such as conjunctival petechia and haematemesis, leading potentially to shock, coma and death.


name: autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 30

description: An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 15q25-q26.


description: Pseudomembranous colitis resulting from infection by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.


malignant cornea melanoma

description: A melanoma within the cornea of the eye.


acquired prothrombin deficiency

description: An instance of prothrombin deficiency that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


Lujo hemorrhagic fever

description: Lujo hemorrhagic fever, caused by the Lujo virus (a newly discovered Old World arenavirus) is a zoonotic disease from Zambia, Africa, whose reservoir is unknown and is characterized by fever and hemorrhagic manifestations with an extremely high fatality rate of 80% (in the 5 reported cases to date) and a moderate to high level of nosocomial transmission.


name: neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities


GNPTAB-mucolipidosis

description: An autosomal recessive mucolipidosis disorder caused by bi-allelic variants in the GNPTAB gene. Symptoms of this condition occur across a clinical spectrum including mucolipidosis type II (ML II) and mucolipidosis type III alpha/beta (ML IIIα/β), and phenotypes intermediate between ML II and ML IIIα/β.


name: early-onset autoimmune disorder due to DOCK11 partial deficiency


name: epidermolysis bullosa, junctional 5A, intermediate


name: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease in female carriers

description: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) in female carriers is the presentation of PMD in some women carrying mutations in the PLP1 gene (Xq22).


name: developmental delay with hypotonia, myopathy, and brain abnormalities


malignant teratoma

description: A malignant form of teratoma.


ring chromosome 19

description: Ring chromosome 19 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with a highly variable phenotype that may range from normal to patients with profound intellectual disability, developmental delay, learning disability (esp. speech) and mild dysmorphism (incl. micro/macrocephaly, prominent forehead, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, hypertelorism, high nasal bridge, prominent philtrum, retro/micrognathia). Mild hypotonia and autistic-like mannerisms (e.g. hand opening and closing, head banging) may also be associated. Other anomalies, such as cutis laxa, hearing loss, syndactyly, digital hypoplasia, and talipes equinovarus, have also been reported.


name: intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 79


lentigo

description: A flat, benign, pigmented spot on the skin caused by excessive deposition of melanin from an increased number of melanocytes in the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis. Formation is usually related to sun exposure during youth, and the lesions do not typically progress to malignancy.


name: spinocerebellar ataxia with rigidity and peripheral neuropathy


name: noduli Cutanei, multiple, with urinary tract abnormalities


wandering spleen

description: A condition characterized by an abnormal spleen position due to loss, weakness, or malformation of one or more of the ligaments that hold the spleen in its normal position in the left upper abdomen. It may present as a birth defect or follow injuries or pregnancy. Signs and symptoms include abdominal discomfort and splenomegaly.


name: midface hypoplasia, obesity, developmental delay, and neonatal hypotonia


name: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with hypodiploidy

description: A precursor lymphoid neoplasm composed of B-lymphoblasts which contain less than 46 chromosomes. It has an unfavorable clinical outcome.


arteriosclerosis obliterans

description: Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by atherosclerosis. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (arterial intima) of arteries including the aorta and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.


name: asynchronous multifocal osteogenic sarcoma

description: A bone osteosarcoma affecting multiple skeletal sites, with multifocal lesions discovered between 6 and 24 months after the appearance of the initial tumor. Patients with asynchronous tumors have a better prognosis than those with synchronous osteosarcomas.


name: congenital herpes simplex virus infection

description: Congenital herpes virus infection is a group of anomalies that an infant may present as a result of maternal infection and subsequent fetal infection with herpes virus. This virus causes recurrent cutaneous infections in adults, often involving the lips or the genitalia. Herpes infections in other organs, such as the liver or central nervous system, are less frequent.


name: extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers


name: orthostatic hypotensive disorder, Streeten type


hypercalcemic sarcoidosis

description: Sarcoidosis with a complication of hypercalcemia.


RAB28-related retinopathy

description: A retinopathy caused by biallelic variants in the RAB28 gene.


necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

description: A bacterial infectious process affecting the gums. It is characterized by the development of necrotic, ulcerated, and painful lesions with creation of pseudomembranes extending along the gingival margins.


name: malignant germ cell tumor of cervix uteri

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that involves the uterine cervix.


spinal accessory nerve neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving a accessory XI nerve spinal component.


name: granulomatous disease, chronic, autosomal recessive, 5


Israeli tick typhus

description: An infectious disease caused by infection with rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis.


papular elastorrhexis

description: An acquired form of collagenoma that appears in childhood. It is characterized by discrete, firm, skin-colored, and slightly elevated cutaneous papules, nodules or plaques that may be generalized, or found on the trunk and the extremities.


chromosome 18 disorder

description: Chromosomal disorder in which chromosome 18 is affected.


glucose transport disorder

description: An inherited metabolic disease that is has its basis in the disruption of glucose transport.


name: spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Czarny-Ratajczak type


name: muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant 4


name: lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia

description: Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH) is a variant form of lissencephaly and involves a heterogeneous group of cortical malformations without severe congenital microcephaly (>-3 SD). LCH is characterized by cerebellar underdevelopment ranging from vermian hypoplasia to total aplasia with classical or cobblestone lissencephaly. The phenotypic features of LCH include small head circumference (between -2 and -3 standard deviations (SD) forage) at birth and postnatally, moderate to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia and spasticity. Seizures are often observed and infantile spasms have been reported in some rare cases. LCH has been classified into six subgroups according to neuroradiographic properties and are classified LCH type A to F.


name: Osebold skeletal dysplasia/osteolysis syndrome


acquired adrenogenital syndrome

description: An instance of adrenogenital syndrome that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


prostate angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the prostate.


indeterminate dendritic cell tumor

description: A very rare dendritic cell tumor composed of spindle to ovoid cells with a phenotype that is similar to the Langerhans cells. Patients usually present with cutaneous papules, nodules, and plaques. Systemic symptoms are usually absent. The clinical course is variable.


name: Angelman syndrome due to a point mutation


Hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome

description: A rare condition that primarily affects the craniofacial region and the limbs (arms and legs). People affected by this condition are often born with a short, incompletely developed tongue; absent or partially missing fingers and/or toes; abnormalities of the arms and/or legs; and an extremely small jaw. The severity of these physical abnormalities varies greatly among affected people, and children with this condition often have some, but not all, of the symptoms. The cause of Hanhart syndrome is not fully understood. Treatment depends on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


name: florid cystic endosalpingiosis of the uterus


malposition of the coronary ostium

description: Malposition of the coronary ostium is a rare coronary artery congenital malformation characterized by displacement of one of the coronary arteries, originating closer to the aortic root or to the commissural area. The anomaly is considered to be asymptomatic, however, it may impose surgical difficulties during aortic root surgery.


caveolinopathy

description: A group of muscle diseases with basis in CAV3, which encodes caveolin-3, a muscle-specific membrane protein and the principal component of caveolae membrane in muscle cells in vivo. It is the only gene in which pathogenic variants are known to cause caveolinopathies. Sequence analysis identifies pathogenic variants in more than 99% of affected individuals


RNU4ATAC spectrum disorder

description: A syndromic disease characterized by growth restriction, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, and cognitive impairment. Less common but variable findings include brain anomalies, seizures, strokes, immunodeficiency, and cardiac anomalies, as well as ophthalmologic, skin, renal, gastrointestinal, hearing, and endocrine involvement. The term includes Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I/III (MOPDI), Taybi-Linder syndrome, Lowry-Wood syndrome, and Roifman syndrome.


subclavian artery aneurysm

description: A subclavian aneurysm is weakness or bulging in the wall of the subclavian artery, which is located below the collarbone. If the aneurysm ruptures, it can cause life-threatening, uncontrolled bleeding. Blood clots caused by the aneurysm can potentially lead to stroke or loss of fingers, the hand or, in rare cases, the entire arm.


congenital portosystemic shunt

description: Congenital portosystemic shunt is a rare, congenital anomaly of the great veins characterized by an abnormal communication between one or more veins of the portal and the caval systems, resulting in complete or partial diversion of the portal blood away from the liver to the systemic circulation. Clinical manifestations include liver atrophy, hypergalactosemia without uridine diphosphate enzyme deficiency, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy (resulting in learning disabilities, extreme fatigability and seizures), pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia from hepatopulmonary syndrome and benign or malignant tumors.


philophthalmiasis

description: A disease caused by infection with Philophthalmus.


refractory malignant neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


name: intra-abdominal lymph node mast cell malignancy


Summitt syndrome

description: Summitt syndrome is an extremely rare disorder originally described in two brothers and characterized by mild to severe craniosynostosis and syndactyly, obesity, and normal intelligence. Acrocephaly, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, mild syndactyly of the hands and feet, genu valgum and marked obesity were later described in another patient. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1979. Summitt syndrome could be a variant of Carpenter syndrome.


humero-radio-ulnar synostosis

description: Humero-radio-ulnar synostosis is an extremely rare, genetic, congenital joint formation defect disorder characterized by uni- or bilateral fusion of the humerus, radius and ulnar bones, leading to loss of elbow motion and, in most, functional arm incapacity. It may appear as distal humeral bifurcation with absent elbow joint and shortened arm length on imaging. Hand abnormalities, namely oligoectrosyndactyly, may be associated.


biotin metabolic disease

description: A deficiency in biotin through either inherited or acquired causes.


non-gestational choriocarcinoma

description: A highly malignant choriocarcinoma derived from the non-placental origin such as the totipotent cells in the testis, the ovary, and the pineal gland. It produces high levels of chorionic gonadotropin and can metastasize widely through the bloodstream to the lungs, brain, liver, bone, and other viscera by the time of diagnosis.


acute sphenoidal sinusitis

description: Acute form of sphenoid sinusitis.


dermo-odonto dysplasia

description: Dermo-odonto dysplasia belongs to the group of tricho-odonto-onychial dysplasias. It is characterized by signs of variable severity: dry and thin skin, dental anomalies, nail alteration and trichodysplasia. Fourteen cases have been described so far. Autosomal dominant transmission is likely.


neuroectodermal-endocrine syndrome

description: Neuroectodermal-endocrine syndrome is characterized by a combination of endocrine and neuroectodermal abnormalities, including low growth hormone levels, delayed puberty, type II diabetes mellitus, mild intellectual deficit, sensorineural deafness, characteristic facial appearance and alopecia. It has been described in four sibs from Myanmar.


description: A lipodystrophy characterized by the association of lipoatrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly and acromegaloid features. BSCL belongs to the group of extreme insulin resistance syndromes, which also includes leprechaunism, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, acquired generalized lipodystrophy, and types A and B insulin resistance.


Löfgren syndrome

description: A sarcoidosis characterized by the triad of erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiograph, and joint pain.


tendon sheath disorder

description: A disease that involves the tendon sheath.


dysbaric osteonecrosis

description: A form of avascular necrosis where there is death of a portion of the bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen embolism.


extramedullary conus spinal cord lipoma

description: A rare closed lipomatous, dysraphic malformation of the lower spinal cord characterized by extramedullary lipomatous mass attached to the conus region. The conus is dysplastic and poorly delineated. Various morphological subtypes are recognized. Possible symptoms include bowel and bladder dysfunction and neuro-orthopedic deformity of the lower limbs.


frontofacionasal dysplasia

description: Fronto-facio-nasal dysostosis is characterized by multiple craniofacial anomalies (brachycephaly, blepharophimosis, ptosis, S-shaped palpebral fissures, coloboma, cleft lip and palate, deformed nostrils, encephalocele, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, malformed eyes, and absent inner eyelashes).


name: autosomal recessive distal osteolysis syndrome

description: Autosomal recessive distal osteolysis syndrome is an early-onset distal osteolysis characterized by severe resorption of the hands and feet and absence of the distal and middle phalanges. It has been described in a son and daughter born to consanguineous parents. Other manifestations include distal muscular hypertrophy, flexion contractures, short stature, mild intellectual deficit and characteristic facies (maxillary hypoplasia, exophthalmos, and a broad nasal tip). It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.


dedifferentiated solitary fibrous tumor

description: A solitary fibrous tumor characterized by the presence of areas of abrupt transition to high grade sarcoma.


hemimelia

description: Hemimelia is a limb malformation characterized by the absence or gross shortening of the lower portion of one or more of the limbs. The condition is designated according to which bone of the distal arm or leg is absent or defective and includes fibular, radial, tibial, or ulnar hemimelia. Hemimelia ranges in severity.


name: qualitative or quantitative defects of telethonin


name: partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 7

description: Chromosome 7q duplication is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is an extra copy of genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 7. The severity of the condition and the signs and symptoms depend on the size and location of the duplication and which genes are involved. Features that often occur in people with chromosome 7q duplication include developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems and distinctive facial features. Most cases are not inherited, but people can pass the duplication on to their children. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


name: myoclonic encephalopathy in non-progressive disorder

description: This group of epilepsies are typically is characterized by onset of seizures from day 1 of life to 5 years (peak 12 months). Both sexes are affected, however the male to female ratio is 1:2. Antecedent (including birth) history, head size, neurological and developmental findings reflect the underlying cause (if known). Myoclonic status epilepticus is often the initial presenting seizure type, however other initial seizure types may also occur. Prognosis is unfavorable with severe neurological and developmental impairments typically seen.


nerve root neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant neoplasms arising from one or more of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, or coccygeal nerve roots. The majority of these tumors are benign. Clinical manifestations may include pain, weakness and loss of sensation along the course of the involved nerve root. Large tumors may cause spinal cord compression.


name: transient congenital hypothyroidism due to neonatal factor


name: 2-methylacetoacetyl CoA thiolase deficiency


capillary disorder

description: A disease involving a capillary.


epulis

description: A non-neoplastic nodular lesion that arises from the gingiva.


name: intramedullary non-dysraphic spinal cord lipoma

description: A very rare non-dysraphic spinal cord lipoma characterized by being located within the spinal cord. There is no defect in the overlying dura.


name: neurodevelopmental disorder with intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, and spasticity


name: classic or attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis

description: An inherited diseases haracterized by the development of adenomas in the rectum and colon; classified into classic FAP and attenuated FAP.


prostate leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the prostate. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


craniotelencephalic dysplasia

description: Craniotelencephalic dysplasia is an extremely rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis with frontal encephalocele and various additional brain anomalies (severe hydrocephalus, agenesis of the corpus callosum, lissencephaly and polymicrogyria, parenchymal cysts, septo-optic dysplasia) resulting in marked cerebral dysfunction, seizures and very severe psychomotor delay. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1983.


petroclival meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the petroclival region.


dendritic cell tumor

description: A dendritic cell tumor develops from the cells of the immune system. This condition typically begins in the lymph system and may spread to nearby organs or distant parts of the body (metastasize). The symptoms and severity of the condition depend on the subtype and location of the tumor.


mononeuritis simplex

description: Neuritis of a single nerve.


infectious disease

description: A disorder directly resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, or parasitic agent in humans. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.


peripheral ischemia

description: Deficient blood distribution to the limbs caused by narrowing or obstruction of the lumen of the peripheral arteries.


name: intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 65


name: autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 20

description: An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 11q25-qter.


name: Dandy-Walker malformation-postaxial polydactyly syndrome

description: Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly syndrome is a syndromic disorder with, as a major feature, the association between Dandy-Walker malformation and postaxial polydactyly. The Dandy-Walker malformation has a variable expression and is characterized by a posterior fossa cyst communicating with the fourth ventricle, the partial or complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, and facultative hydrocephalus. Postaxial polydactyly includes tetramelic postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet with possible enlargement of the fifth metacarpal and metatarsal bones, as well as bifid fifth metacarpals.


name: pachygyria, microcephaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facies, with or without seizures


monoclonal paraproteinemia disease

description: A disease characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of paraprotein or single monoclonal gammaglobulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma.


benign neoplasm of choroid

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the optic choroid.


name: intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia

description: A reactive, well-circumscribed vascular lesion. It is characterized by the formation of thin papillae projecting within the lumen of blood vessels. The papillae are lined by plump endothelial cells. Blood clots are also present.


malignant soft tissue neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm arising exclusively from the soft tissues.


name: metaphyseal dysostosis-intellectual disability-conductive deafness syndrome

description: Metaphyseal dysostosis-intellectual disability-conductive deafness syndrome is characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia, short-limb dwarfism, mild intellectual deficit and conductive hearing loss, associated with repeated episodes of otitis media in childhood. It has been described in three brothers born to consanguineous Sicilian parents. Variable manifestations included hyperopia and strabismus. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive.


skin disorder caused by infection

description: Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.


name: spinal muscular atrophy, facioscapulohumeral type


mesoblastic nephroma

description: A solid, unencapsulated tumor of the kidney composed of spindle mesenchymal cells that resemble fibroblasts or muscle cells. The homogeneous mass typically extends into the renal parenchyma and replaces most of the kidney. In most cases, mesoblastic nephroma is benign and occurs in the fetus or newborn, and rarely in the older child or the adult.


name: leukemia, chronic lymphocytic, susceptibility to, 5


broad ligament malignant neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the broad ligament of uterus.


mammary-digital-nail syndrome

description: Mammary-digital-nail syndrome is a syndromic limb malformation characterized by congenital onychodystrophy/anonychia, brachydactyly of the fifth finger, digitalization of the thumbs, with absence or hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the hands and feet in association with juvenile hypertrophy of the breast with gigantomastia in peripubertal females.


name: neurological muscular channelopathy due to a genetic potassium channel defect


name: camptodactyly syndrome, Guadalajara type 1

description: Camptodactyly syndrome, Guadalajara type 1 is a rare syndrome consisting of growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, camptodactyly and skeletal anomalies.


name: optic atrophy with demyelinating disease of CNS


corneal-cerebellar syndrome

description: A rare, genetic, neurological disorder characterized by the association of slowly progressive spinocerebellar degeneration and corneal dystrophy, manifesting with bilateral corneal opacities (which lead to severe visual impairment), mild intellectual disability, ataxia, gait disturbances, and tremor. Additional manifestations include facial dysmorphism (i.e. triangular face, ptosis, low-set, posteriorly angulated ears, and micrognathia), as well as mild upper motor neuron involvement with hypertonia, lower limb hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1985.


toxemia of pregnancy

description: A pregnancy induced hypertensive state that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation characterized by an increase in blood pressure, along with body swelling and proteinuria.


name: isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease


name: DONSON-related microcephaly-short stature-limb abnormalities spectrum

description: A rare autosomal recessive microcephalic primordial dwarfism characterized by congenital microcephaly and craniofacial features associated with a spectrum of limb abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. Short stature is frequently observed and often is severe.


name: pulmonary valve agenesis-tetralogy of fallot-absence of ductus arteriosus syndrome

description: Pulmonary valve agenesis-tetralogy of Fallot-absence of ductus arteriosus syndrome is a rare congenital heart malformation characterized by a tetralogy of Fallot (pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy), complete absence or rudimentary pulmonary valve that is both stenotic and regurgitant and an absence of the ductus arteriosus. It presents prenatally with cardiomegaly, polyhydramnios, fetal heart failure, hydrops fetalis and fetal demise or postnatally with cyanosis and respiratory failure due to bronchomalacia secondary to bronchial compression from dilated pulmonary arteries. It is frequently associated with 22q11 deletion.


skeletal muscle neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm arising from skeletal muscle.


post-COVID-19 disorder

description: A SARS-CoV-2-related disease that is caused by infection by SARS-CoV-2, and manifests after the original primary infection.


carbohydrate metabolism disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of carbohydrate metabolic process.


16p13.11 microdeletion syndrome

description: 16p13.11 microdeletion syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by developmental delay, microcephaly, epilepsy, short stature, facial dysmorphism and behavioral problems.


adult lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that occurs in an adult.


posthitis

description: An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the prepuce of penis.


telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma usually arising from the metaphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of a cystic architecture with blood-filled spaces. The prognosis is similar to that of conventional osteosarcoma.


dermatitis herpetiformis, familial

description: Dermatitis herpetiformis is a rare, chronic, skin disorder characterized by groups of severely itchy blisters and raised skin lesions. These are more common on the knees, elbows, buttocks and shoulder blades. The slow onset of symptoms usually begins during adulthood, but children can also be affected. Other symptoms mayinclude fluid-filled sores; red lesions that resemble hives; and itchiness, rednessand burning. The exact cause of this disease is not known,but it is frequently associated with the inability to digest gluten. People with this disease are typically treated with the drug dapsone.


dental pulp necrosis

description: Death of pulp tissue with or without bacterial invasion. When the necrosis is due to ischemia with superimposed bacterial infection, it is referred to as pulp gangrene. When the necrosis is non-bacterial in origin, it is called pulp mummification.


name: developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 105 with hypopituitarism


myocardial disorder

description: A disorder that affects the muscle tissue of the heart. Representative examples include myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy.


sweat gland cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the sweat glands.


malignant dermis tumor

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the dermis.


name: necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, subacute, of Leigh, adult


ASAH1-related sphingolipidosis

description: A spectrum of disorders that includes Farber disease and spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Both disorders are caused by mutations in the ASAH1 gene that encodes the lysosomal hydrolase that breaks down the bioactive lipid, ceramide.


name: myopathy, granulovacuolar lobular, with electrical myotonia


carbohydrate transport disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of carbohydrate transport.


name: optic atrophy, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive


unilateral retinoblastoma

description: A retinoblastoma that only involves a single eye.


mixed cell uveal melanoma

description: A melanoma arising from the choroid, ciliary body, or the iris. It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of spindle A melanoma cells, spindle B melanoma cells, and epithelioid melanoma cells.


name: autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss 53

description: An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 14q11.2-q12.


angular blepharoconjunctivitis

description: A blepharoconjunctivitis that is characterized by fissuring, scaling, maceration and erythema of the lateral or medial canthal area.


name: peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development


name: disorder of folate metabolism and transport


name: Angelman syndrome due to paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15


acquired kinky hair syndrome

description: Acquired progressive kinking of the hair (APKH) is a rare hair disorder characterized by the appearance of lustreless, curly, frizzy, and coarse hair generally during adolescence predominantly in the frontal, temporal, and vertex regions of the scalp. Eyelashes, as well as growth and pigmentation of the hair, may also be affected.


drug-induced lupus erythematosus

description: An autoimmune disorder, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus, that is caused by certain drugs.


name: muscular dystrophy, Duchenne type, domestic cat

description: Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne type that occurs in domestic cat.


name: limbic encephalitis with DPP6 antibodies


name: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism-severe microcephaly-sensorineural hearing loss-dysmorphism syndrome


split hand, bilateral

description: Split hand, bilateral is a rare, non-syndromic limb reduction defect, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by bilateral underdevelopment or absence of the central rays of the autopod, with absence of all, or just some, of the central phalanges and at least part of the associated metacarpal bones, yielding a cleft appearance of the hand. It is frequently associated with syndactyly and aplasia/hypoplasia of remaining digits and metacarpal bones. No other dysmorphic features are observed and development is appropriate for age.


arbovirus infection

description: A viral infection that is transmitted by an arthropod.


name: facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy

description: Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy is characterized initially by paraesthesia and numbness in the region of the trigeminal nerve distribution, which later progresses to involve the scalp, neck, upper trunk and upper limbs. Onset of motor manifestations occurs later with cramps, fasciculations, dysphagia, dysarthria, muscle weakness and atrophy. This syndrome has been described in four males and appears to be a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease.


name: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with t(17;19)


tuberculous pneumothorax

description: A pneumothorax in which air enters into the pleural cavity.


name: craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type

description: Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type is an extremely rare craniotubular bone dysplasia syndrome described in fewer than 10 patients to date. Clinical manifestations include macrocephaly, frontal bossing, malar hypoplasia, prominent mandible and dental hypoplasia. Other skeletal anomalies include abnormal bone modeling in tubular bones, multiple wormian bones and deformities of chest, pelvis and elbows. An increased risk of fractures is noted.


benign neoplasm of parathyroid gland

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the parathyroid gland.


name: late-onset localized junctional epidermolysis bullosa-intellectual disability syndrome


name: paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20

description: Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 is a very rare chromosomal anomaly in which both copies of chromosome 20 are inherited from the father. The main features described are high birth weight and/or early-onset obesity, relative macrocephaly, and tall stature. Most patients were ascertained during sporadic pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b testing and have UPD involving variable segments of the long arm of chromosome 20.


name: spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Campeau type


traumatic brain injury

description: A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.


middle cranial fossa meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the middle cranial fossa.


dentin sensitivity

description: Pain or discomfort caused by exposure of the dentin layer of tooth to thermal, tactile, or other stimuli.


cyclothymic disorder

description: An affective disorder characterized by periods of depression and hypomania. These may be separated by periods of normal mood.


name: pelvic lipomatosis with crossed renal ectopia


name: neurodevelopmental disorder with language delay and behavioral abnormalities, with or without seizures


cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy

description: Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a primary microangiopathy confined to the skin, characterized by multiple and widespread telangiectasias.


Alzheimer disease 11

description: An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 9p22.1.


name: benign lymphoepithelial lesion of salivary gland

description: A benign lesion that involves the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland. It affects females more often than males and it may be a manifestation of autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren syndrome. There is an increased incidence of benign lymphoepithelial lesions in HIV-positive patients. It is characterized by the presence of a marked lymphocytic infiltrate and epi-myoepithelial islands in the affected salivary gland. Patients usually present with firm and painless swelling of the affected salivary gland. There is an increased risk for development of lymphoma.


neoplasm of mature T-cells or NK-cells

description: A group of neoplasms composed of T-lymphocytes with a mature (peripheral/post-thymic) immunophenotypic profile and/or NK-cells.


benign carotid body paraganglioma

description: A carotid body paraganglioma that is confined to the site of origin, without metastatic potential.


name: combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 54


juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

description: A scoliosis with no known cause arising in a juvenile.


name: inborn disorder of ornithine or proline metabolism


name: microcephaly, growth deficiency, seizures, and brain malformations


necrotizing scleritis

description: A severe form of scleritis with subtypes: necrotising zonal granulomatous inflammation, diffuse non-granulomatous chronic inflammation, mixed pattern of acute purulent inflammation mixed with granulomatous inflammation and sarcoidal pattern.


name: congenital disorder of glycosylation, type 2v


acquired polycythemia

description: An instance of polycythemia that is acquired during the lifetime of the individual.


name: intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 25


drug-induced akathisia

description: An uncomfortable feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still. It can be a side effect of psychotropic medications.


eye adnexa disorder

description: A disease involving the ocular adnexa.


tick paralysis

description: Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.


name: inborn disorder of pyridoxine metabolism

description: An inherited metabolic disease that is has its basis in the disruption of pyridoxine metabolic process.


name: melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 7


ring chromosome 16

description: Ring chromosome 16 is characterized bypostnatal growthdeficiency, intellectual disability, microcephaly, broad flat nasal bridge, down-turned mouth, low-set and dysmorphic (abnormally-shaped) ears and speech delay.To date, less than 10 cases have been reported in the medical literature.


name: congenital disorder of glycosylation, type iit


Volkmann contracture

description: An ischemic contracture of the forearm that most often occurs secondary to trauma.


name: cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 10


infectious discitis

description: An infection of the intervertebral disk space.


bilateral retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma involving both eyes. This occurs in the majority of patients with the inherited variant. A minority of patient with bilateral retinoblastoma were found to have involvement of the pineal gland as well.


frontal fibrosing alopecia

description: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a rare variant of lichen planopilaris characterized by symmetrical, progressive, band-like anterior hair loss of the scalp.


glossopharyngeal nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the glossopharyngeal nerve.


name: congenital absence of both forearm and hand, bilateral

description: Congenital absence of both forearm and hand, bilateral is a rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by a bilateral, transverse absence of the radius and ulna (of varying terminal lengths), as well as all the elements composing the hand.


grade III meningioma

description: A malignant meningioma with aggressive clinical course. It recurs in approximately 50-78% of the cases. This category includes the anaplastic (malignant) meningioma, papillary meningioma, and rhabdoid meningioma.


name: Friedreich ataxia with retained reflexes


trisomy 17p

description: Trisomy 17p is a rare chromosomal abnormality resulting from the duplication of the short arm of chromosome 17 and characterized by pre- and post-natal growth retardation, developmental delay, hypotonia, digital abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features.


Desulfovibrionaceae infectious disease

description: Infections with bacteria of the family Desulfovibrionaceae.


fibrocartilaginous embolism

description: Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a rare type of embolism (sudden blocking of an artery) that occurs in the spinal cord. FCE occurs when materials that are usually found within the vertebral disk of the spine enter into the nearby vascular system (veins and arteries) and block one of the spinal cord vessels. The signs and symptoms of FCE often develop after a minor or even unnoticed btriggering eventb such as lifting, straining, or falling. Symptoms of FCE may include neck and/or back pain, progressive muscle weakness, and paralysis.The exact underlying cause of FCE is poorly understood. Most cases occur sporadically in people with no family history of the disease. Diagnosis is based on imaging of the spinal cord and ruling out other causes of a blockage of the vascular system within the spinal cord. Treatment is generally focused on preventing possible complications and improving quality of life with medications and physical therapy.


myoclonic dystonia 15

description: A myoclonic dystonia characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 18p11.


distal trisomy 17q

description: Distal trisomy 17q is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with variable phenotype principally characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism (incl. microcephaly, low posterior hairline, frontal bossing, bitemporal narrowing, low-set and malformed ears, flat nasal bridge, long philtrum, wide mouth with downturned corners, thin upper lip) and a short, webbed neck, as well as skeletal anomalies (e.g. brachyrhizomelia, poly-/syndactyly) and joint hyperlaxity. Cardiac, cerebral, and urogenital anomalies are also frequently associated.


herpes labialis

description: A lesion caused by type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus, typically involving the oralfacial region.


name: Tessadori-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 2


name: congenital heart defects, multiple types


bladder lateral wall cancer

description: The aspect of the bladder wall that is located on the side.


congenital unguarded mitral orifice

description: Congenital unguarded mitral orifice is a rare, congenital, mitral valve malformation characterized by complete absence of mitral valve leaflets and tensor apparatus at the mitral annulus, which can present clinically with cyanosis, heart murmur, electrocardiogram abnormalities, mild cardiomegaly, or congestive heart failure. Association with heterotaxy, discordant atrioventricular connections, double-outlet right ventricle, pulmonary atresia or stenosis, thin left ventricular wall, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome has been reported.


cubital tunnel syndrome

description: Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, humeral-ulnar aponeurosis, and medial ligaments of the elbow. This condition may follow trauma or occur in association with processes which produce nerve enlargement or narrowing of the canal. Manifestations include elbow pain and PARESTHESIA radiating distally, weakness of ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and loss of sensation over the hypothenar region, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)


indomethacin embryofetopathy

description: Indomethacin embryofetopathy refers to the manifestations that may be observed in a fetus or newborn when the mother has taken indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin inhibitor and tocolytic agent that can cross placenta, during pregnancy. Reported adverse fetal/neonatal effects include decreased renal function resulting in oligohydramnios, closure of the ductus arteriosus, and delayed cardiovascular adaptation at birth. These effects are usually transient and reversible. Indomethacin may also be a risk factor for cerebral injury (periventricular leukomalacia) and necrotizing enterocolitisin preterm infants.


angioosteohypotrophic syndrome

description: Angioosteohypotrophic syndrome is a rare, congenital, vascular anomaly syndrome characterized by venous or, on occasion, arterial malformations which lead to soft tissue hypertrophy and bone hypoplasia. Affected limb is generally shortened, highly deformed, painful and edematous and associates bone and muscle hypotrophy. Single parts, or multiple small parts, of limbs are typically affected but more extensive involvement, including complete extremity, shoulder girdle and axilla, has been reported.


name: congenital osteogenesis imperfecta-microcephaly-cataracts syndrome

description: Congenital osteogenesis imperfecta-microcephaly-cataracts syndrome is characterized by multiple fractures in the prenatal period, microcephaly and bilateral cataracts. It has been described in three infants all of whom died in utero or a few hours after birth. The mode of inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive.


name: bile and pancreatic ducts, complete absence of


herpes zoster dermatitis

description: Painful, localized rash caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus residing in nerve cell bodies, with resulting infection of the skin in the region supplied by the affected nerve.


trilateral retinoblastoma

description: Trilateral retinoblastoma refers to bilateral (or less often unilateral) retinoblastoma associated with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the pineal or suprasellar region. This syndrome is often associated with a increased familial incidence of retinoblastoma. (From Cancer 86(1): 135-141, 1999).


palpebral nevus

description: A melanocytic nevus that involves the skin of eyelid.


description: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder of sexual maturation characterized by gonadotropin (Gn) deficiency with low sex steroid levels associated with low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).


name: deafness-ear malformation-facial palsy syndrome

description: Deafness-ear malformation-facial palsy syndrome is characterized by profound conductive deafness due to stapedial abnormalities associated with variable malformations of the external ears and facial paralysis. It has been described in three sibs and their mother. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.


uterine benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus or the cervix. Representative examples include leiomyoma, adenomyoma, and endocervical polyp.


name: visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi


name: craniosynostosis syndrome, autosomal recessive

description: Autosomal recessive form of craniosynostosis.


name: erythropoietic uroporphyria associated with myeloid malignancy


acute adrenal insufficiency

description: Acute adrenal insufficiency (AAI) is a rare but severe condition caused by a sudden defective production of adrenal steroids (cortisol and aldosterone). It represents an emergency, thus the rapid recognition and prompt therapy are critical for survival even before the diagnosis is made.


acute hemorrhagic encephalitis

description: Acute encephalitis that is characterized by bleeding.


name: neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity


name: hypotrichosis, progressive patterned scalp, with wiry hair, onycholysis, and cleft lip/palate


congenital supravalvular mitral ring

description: Congenital supravalvular mitral ring is a rare, congenital, mitral valve malformation characterized by an abnormal ridge of the connective tissue on the atrial side of the mitral valve, which can present clinically with signs and symptoms of left ventricle inflow obstruction (dyspnea, tachypnea, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricle hypertrophy, pulmonary edema). Association with other mitral valve anomalies, aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, double-outlet right ventricle, pulmonary hypertension, and Shone complex has been reported.


name: dysmorphism-cleft palate-loose skin syndrome

description: Dysmorphism-cleft palate-loose skin syndrome is a rare, genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by severe psychomotor delay, intellectual disability, congential, symmetrical circumferential skin creases of arms and legs, cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism (incl. elongated face, high forehead, blepharophimosis, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, microcornea, epicanthic folds, telecanthus, microtia, posteriorly angulated ears, broad nasal bridge, microstomia and micrognathia). Additional features reported include short stature, microcephaly, hypotonia, pectus excavatum, severe scoliosis, hypoplastic scrotum, and mixed hearing loss.


spastic paraparesis-deafness syndrome

description: Spastic paraparesis-deafness syndrome is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spastic paraparesis (beginning at about 10 years of age) and hearing deficits.


name: calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia


placental villitis

description: Inflammatory process that involves the chorionic villi (villitis) of the placenta.


benign mastocytoma

description: A localized mast cell neoplasm without metastatic potential.


X-linked spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

description: A form of spinocerebellar degeneration characterized by onset in infancy of hypotonia, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, esotropia, and optic atrophy, and by a progressive course leading to death in childhood. It has been described one family with at least six affected males from five different sibships (connected through carrier females). It is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait.


name: PRKAR1B-related neurodegenerative dementia with intermediate filaments


name: polydactyly of a triphalangeal thumb, bilateral


aquarium granuloma

description: A skin condition caused by Mycobacterium marinum, characterized by a skin lesion that presents roughly three weeks after exposure.


alcoholic ketoacidosis

description: An acute disease characterized by severe ketoacidosis in the absence of diabetes mellitus and occurring in individuals with a history of prolonged excessive alcohol consumption. Disease manifestations include nausea, intractable vomiting, and abdominal pain. When treated, AKA resolves rapidly and completely with no apparent sequelae.


name: progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus


name: immunotactoid or fibrillary glomerulopathy

description: A group of very rare glomerular diseases, composed of immunotactoid glomerulopathy (ITG) and non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy (non-amyloid FGP), that are characterized by mesangial deposition of monoclonal microtubular or polyclonal fibrillar deposits. Both present clinically with nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria and renal insufficiency leading to renal failure in many cases. ITG is more likely to manifest with underlying lymphoproliferative disease, hypocomplementemia, dysproteinemia, monoclonal gammopathy or occult cryoglobulinemia. Non-amyloid FGP is 10 times more frequent than ITG.


name: viral infection of central nervous system


collagen type III glomerulopathy

description: A rare glomerular disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of type III collagen within the mesangium and subendothelial space of the glomerulus. Clinically it usually manifests with proteinuria (often in the nephrotic range), microscopic hematuria, peripheral edema and/or hypertension. In some cases progression to end-stage renal failure is observed.


name: contractures-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome

description: Contractures - ectodermal dysplasia - cleft lip/palate is an ectodermal dyplasia syndrome characterized by severe arthrogryposis, multiple ectodermal dysplasia features, cleft lip/palate, facial dysmorphism, growth deficiency and a moderate delay of psychomotor development. Ectodermal dysplasia manifestations include sparse, brittle and hypopigmented hair, xerosis, multiple nevi, small conical shaped teeth and hypodontia, and facial dysmorphism with blepharophimosis, deep-set eyes and micrognathia.


name: neurodevelopmental disorder with motor regression, progressive spastic paraplegia, and oromotor dysfunction


description: Alopecia-epilepsy-pyorrhea-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by congenital permanent alopecia universalis, intellectual disability, psychomotor epilepsy and periodontitis (pyorrhea). Total permanent alopecia and pyorrhea are invariably concomitant while intellectual disability and psychomotor epilepsy are observed in most patients. No other abnormality of nails or skin (apart from absence of hair) has been reported. Transmission is autosomal dominant.