Appendix Neuroma

description: A neuroma that arises from the appendix.  It is characterized by a neural spindle cell proliferation that replaces the appendiceal mucosa and lymphoid tissue.  It usually results in the obliteration of the appendiceal lumen.


Nasopharyngeal Squamous Papilloma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A benign exophytic neoplasm that arises from the nasopharynx.  It is characterized by the presence of a connective tissue core covered by stratified squamous epithelium.


Locally Advanced Chondrosarcoma

description: Chondrosarcoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


pediatric mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in children.


synovial chondrosarcoma of joint

description: An extremely rare chondrosarcoma arising from the synovium either as a de novo neoplasm or secondary to synovial chondromatosis.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


Maxillofacial Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


name: Central Nervous System Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises from the central nervous system.


Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia and hyperchromasia as compared to grade 1 chondrosarcoma. Mitotic activity is present.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone.


name: Secondary Peripheral Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called peripheral atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called peripheral chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


Childhood Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Unresectable Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues and is not amenable to surgical resection.


localized chondrosarcoma

description: A non-disseminated skeletal or extraskeletal chondrosarcoma.


dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

description: An aggressive morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma. It is composed of a low grade chondrosarcoma and a high grade non-cartilagenous sarcomatous component. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, its prognosis is poor.


name: Childhood Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A rare primary central chondrosarcoma that occurs during childhood.


description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Chondrosarcoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of chondrosarcoma after a period of remission.


Chondrosarcoma, grade 3

description: A high-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma. It is characterized by the presence of increased cellularity and a greater degree of nuclear atypia, hyperchromasia, and mitotic activity as compared to grade 2 chondrosarcoma.


Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


periosteal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising from the surface of bone. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, high mitotic activity, myxoid stroma formation, and necrotic changes. It occurs in adults. Clinical presentation includes pain, and sometimes swelling.


name: Secondary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma.


Laryngeal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises from hyaline cartilage of the larynx.


Secondary Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises either in a pre-existing enchondroma or within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


name: Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone. Tumors in the appendicular skeleton are called central atypical cartilaginous tumors and tumors in the axial skeleton are called central chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone without a benign precursor are called primary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1. Tumors arising in the medulla of the bone in association with a pre-existing enchondroma are called secondary central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas, grade 1.


clear cell chondrosarcoma

description: A rare, usually low grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm. It usually arises in the epiphyseal ends of long bones.


Secondary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma that arises in a pre-existing enchondroma.


name: Metastatic Primary Central Chondrosarcoma

description: Primary central chondrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma in the axial skeleton.


name: Secondary Peripheral Chondrosarcoma, Grade 2

description: An intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma arising within the cartilaginous cap of a pre-existing osteochondroma.


Chondrosarcoma metastatic

description: A chondrosarcoma that has spread to a secondary anatomical site.


Central Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A locally aggressive, low-grade chondrosarcoma arising in the medulla of bone in the axial skeleton.


name: Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: A low-grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of moderate cellularity, hyperchromatic and plump nuclei of uniform size, and occasional binucleated cells.  Mitotic figures are absent.


name: Primary Central Atypical Cartilaginous Tumor/Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1

description: Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/chondrosarcoma, grade 1 arising in the medulla of bone without a benign precursor.


mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone

description: A morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma arising from the bone.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small round cells, biphasic growth pattern, and well differentiated hyaline cartilage. Clinical presentation includes pain and swelling.  The clinical course is aggressive, with local recurrences and distant metastases.


adult mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

description: A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma occurring in adults.


name: Stage IIA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Unresectable Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


description: An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that arises from the mediastinum.


Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1c. M1c: Tumor with multiple extrathoracic metastases in a single organ or in multiple organs. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Bronchogenic Carcinoma

description: Bronchogenic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Secondary Heart Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that has spread to the heart from another primary anatomic site.


name: Thymic Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A primary thymic carcinoma that cannot be defined as one of the thymic carcinomas with specific morphologic characteristics.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung adenocarcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Secretory Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the lung and has histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic features identical to those described in breast and salivary gland secretory carcinomas.


name: Stage IA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


benign neoplasm of thymus

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the thymus.


Small cell lung cancer limited stage

description: Small cell lung carcinoma which is confined to one hemi-thorax and the regional lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

description: A thymic carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant thoracic neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


benign neoplasm of epicardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the epicardium.


Lung Squamous Papilloma

description: A papillary neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of a delicate fibrovascular core lined by stratified squamous epithelium.  Squamous cell papillomas can be solitary or multiple.  Patients usually present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Because of the possibility of recurrence and reported cases of squamous cell carcinomas arising at the excision site of squamous cell papillomas, complete excision is indicated.


Advanced Malignant Thymoma

description: A malignant thymoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung

description: A high grade malignant neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the presence of malignant neuroendocrine cells.  This category includes small cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma, and combined lung carcinoma.


endobronchial lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm located within the lumen of a bronchus. It is predominantly found in males and usually originates within the fatty tissue between bronchial cartilage. May cause irreversible pulmonary damage distally. Two-thirds of the tumors occur on the right side and most are located on the first three subdivisions of the tracheobronchial tree.


Mediastinal Chondroma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of hyaline cartilage arising from the mediastinum.  It is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, and calcification.


Refractory Mediastinal Lymphoma

description: Mediastinal lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Stage I Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1, N0, M0); IB: (T2 or T3, N0, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Pericardial Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


heart lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the heart and/or the pericardium. The majority of the cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Patients may present with chest pain, heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, or syncope.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIB

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Transformed EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma to Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Histologic transformation of EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma, following treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b).  M1a: Lung cancer with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural nodules or malignant pleural (or pericardial) effusion.  M1b: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIIA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Thymic Carcinoma

description: Thymic carcinoma that has recurred after a period of remission.


benign neoplasm of pleura

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the pleura.


mediastinal soft tissue cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues of the mediastinum.


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: IA1: (T1mi, N0, M0); (T1a, N0, M0); IA2: (T1b, N0, M0); IA3: (T1c, N0, M0); IB: (T2a, N0, M0). T1mi: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma: adenocarcinoma (3 cm or less in greatest dimension) with a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IVA Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


Mediastinal Lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the mediastinum.


Lung Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: An aggressive variant of lung adenocarcinoma that exhibits a micropapillary architectural pattern. The prognosis is usually poor.


Cardiac Synovial Sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the heart.


Mediastinal Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal parasympathetic paraganglioma that arises from paraganglia in the mediastinum.  Clinical signs and symptoms include chest pain, cough, hoarseness, and dysphagia.


Stage II Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor with direct invasion of the pericardium (either partial or full thickness). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


benign axillary neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the structures of the axilla.


neoplasm of mediastinum

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the mediastinum.


Widely Invasive Thymoma

description: A thymoma that spreads by direct extension into adjacent tissues (lung, pericardium, or large vessels).  This type of thymoma usually appears invasive at the time of excision.


Invasive Lung Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of tall columnar cells and mucin production. This category refers to cases formerly classified as mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, excluding cases that meet the criteria for adenocarcinoma in situ or mucinous minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.


Childhood Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that involves the tissues of the thorax during childhood.


Lung Spindle Cell Carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells and focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates.  Adenocarcinoma cells, malignant squamous cells, and giant cells are not present.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A non-small cell carcinoma of the lung that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Stage 0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Occult Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Occult lung cancer includes: TX, N0, M0. TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of pleural malignant mesothelioma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to pleural diffuse malignant mesothelioma only. Localized pleural malignant mesotheliomas and other primary tumors of the pleura are not staged using this staging system. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Mediastinal T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

description: A precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia that involves the mediastinum.  It usually affects adolescent and young adult males.  It is treated with aggressive chemotherapy and radiation.


name: Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Thoracic Cavity

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the thoracic cavity from another anatomic site.


thoracic benign neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm arising from any of the organs of the thoracic cavity. Representative examples include pleural adenomatoid tumor, chest wall lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, and lung hamartoma.


Resectable Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


mediastinal mesenchymal tumor

description: A benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm of the mediastinum. Representative examples of benign mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include chondroma, leiomyoma, lipoma, and rhabdomyoma. Representative examples of malignant mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


Childhood Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

description: A benign tumor that arises from striated cardiac myocytes during childhood. It is the most common heart tumor in the pediatric population.


Masaoka-Koga Stage III

description: The tumor shows invasion into the neighboring tissues and organs of the lower neck or upper chest.


name: Stage IIIB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


mediastinal neural neoplasm

description: A neurogenic tumor that arises from the mediastinum. Neural tumors are the most common tumors that arise from the posterior mediastinum. Representative examples include Schwannoma, neurofibroma, and neuroblastoma.


Refractory Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


axillary lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the axilla.


Stage I Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor with Somatic-Type Malignancy

description: A rare extragonadal germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is associated with the presence of a somatic-type malignant component.  The somatic malignancy is usually a sarcoma (e.g., embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma), adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, or primitive neuroectodermal tumor.  The prognosis is poor.


Mediastinal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell tumor components. The different germ cell tumor components include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma.


mediastinal lipomatosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by a diffuse poorly circumscribed overgrowth of adipose tissue in the mediastinum.


Childhood Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A rare small cell carcinoma of the lung that occurs during childhood.


neoplasm of chest wall

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the chest wall.


Endobronchial Hamartoma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises endobronchially.  It is characterized by the presence of mesenchymal tissues admixed with entrapped respiratory epithelium.  It presents with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction.  Bronchoplastic resection is usually curative.  Recurrence is very rare.


name: Invasive Lung Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the absence of tall columnar cells and mucin production. This category includes lepidic adenocarcinoma, acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and solid adenocarcinoma.


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, A Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) transcription factor. It is associated with high expression of neuroendocrine markers and classic morphology.


name: Refractory Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Pleural mesothelioma malignant recurrent

description: The reemergence of pleural malignant mesothelioma after a period of remission.


Lung Carcinoma Metastatic in the Brain

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the brain from its original site in the lung, through the hematogenous route.


Stage IIIC Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N3, M0). T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A lung neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Benign Lung PEComa

description: A benign lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Metastatic Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: A small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Pleural Lymphoma

description: A rare extranodal lymphoma that arises from the pleura with no evidence of involvement of other sites at the time of diagnosis. This category includes primary effusion lymphoma and pyothorax-associated lymphoma.


name: Refractory Extensive Stage Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Stage IIIB Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mucinous Cystadenoma

description: A very rare, well circumscribed, benign cystic neoplasm that arises from the lung.  It is characterized by the presence of cysts which are lined by tall mucinous epithelium and filled with mucin.


benign neoplasm of chest wall

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the chest wall.


teratocarcinoma of mediastinum

description: An extragonadal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and contains teratoma and embryonal carcinoma components.


Chest Wall Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall.


name: Cardiac Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: An intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.


Metastatic Cardiac Paraganglioma

description: A paraganglioma of the heart that metastasizes to regional or distant anatomic sites.


Mediastinal Thymoma

description: An invasive or non-invasive thymoma that arises from the mediastinum.  Thymomas are the most common anterior mediastinal tumors.


name: Stage III Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N1, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. T4: Tumor is locally advanced and technically unresectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction, direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum, direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura, direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs, direct extension of tumor into the spine, and/or tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion; or tumor involving the myocardium. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. N2: Metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, ipsilateral, or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage 0 Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm, arising from the heart.  IIt is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


name: Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell squamous carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Thymic carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features

description: A very rare primary thymic carcinoma that resembles adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.


heart neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the heart.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Occult Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology or bronchial washings only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


neoplasm of myocardium

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the myocardium.


name: Platinum-Resistant Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung small cell carcinoma that is resistant to platinum therapy.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to pleura

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the pleura from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


Lung Adenofibroma

description: A very rare benign neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of a stromal and an epithelial component. It resembles the adenofibromas that arise from the organs of the female reproductive system.


pericardium leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the pericardium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


Lung Pleomorphic Adenoma

description: A very rare, well circumscribed, benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the bronchus.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and fibromyxoid stroma.


name: Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell Variant

description: A poorly differentiated morphologic variant of squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of small tumor cells with focal squamous differentiation.


Lung squamous cell carcinoma metastatic

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Lung Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell lung carcinoma characterized by the absence of keratinization, pearl formation, and intercellular bridges.


Stage IIIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T1c, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N2, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


sternal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the sternum.


name: Stage IA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Solid Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of polygonal malignant cells forming sheets. Acinar, papillary, micropapillary, or lepidic growth patterns are absent.  If the tumor is 100 percent solid, intracellular mucin should be present in at least five tumor cells in each of two high-power fields and confirmed with mucin immunohistochemical stains. Tumors formerly classified as large cell carcinomas expressing pneumocyte immunohistochemical markers, even if intracellular mucin is absent, are now included in this category.


name: Pleural Well Differentiated Papillary Mesothelial Tumor

description: A rare, non-invasive, localized or multifocal mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of papillae with myxoid fibrovascular cores, lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells.  The clinical course is usually indolent.


description: A morphologic variant of minimally invasive lung  adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of Clara cells and/or type II cells.


chest wall lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall. The majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.


name: Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


rhabdomyosarcoma of lung

description: A rare rhabdomyosarcoma that arises from the lung.


Metastatic thymic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the thymus and has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Thymus Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle cell fibroblasts and collagen tissue.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Pleural Proximal-Type Epithelioid Sarcoma

description: A rare epithelioid sarcoma of the proximal type that arises from the pleura.


name: Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Benign Lung Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the lung and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


mediastinum leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the mediastinum. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


name: Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T1c, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. T4: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm or tumor of any size invading one or more of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina; separate tumor nodule(s) in an ipsilateral lobe different from that of the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


mature pericardial teratoma

description: A benign teratoma that arises from the pericardium.


Myoepithelial carcinoma of lung

description: A very rare malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


Advanced Thymic Carcinoma

description: Thymic carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: Lung neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Resectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


lipoma of mediastinum

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


Cardiac Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the heart.


Occult Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: An adenosquamous lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only.  The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


Stage IIIA Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Mediastinal Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include lipoma, leiomyoma, and rhabdomyoma.


Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor

description: A congenital benign tumor of lung interstitial mesenchymal cells that presents with respiratory symptoms in neonates. Images reveal a well-circumscribed solid or partially cystic lung mass. Microscopical examination reveals widened alveolar septa that contain bland, uniform mesenchymal cells. Some cases show ALK rearrangement and A2M-ALK gene fusion.


Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung and has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Stage Grouping of the Pediatric Study Group

description: A term that refers to the staging of mediastinal malignant germ cell tumors according to the Pediatric Study Group staging criteria. This staging system is not an official UICC TNM classification. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


name: Stage IIIB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma without Pleural Effusion AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB small cell lung carcinoma that has not spread to the pleural fluid.


name: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of lung

description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the lung.  It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of lung

description: A rare lymphoproliferative disorder that affects the lungs.  It is characterized by the presence of an angiocentric and angiodestructive polymorphic cellular infiltrate composed of EBV-positive neoplastic B-lymphocytes and reactive T-lymphocytes.  The majority of patients present with bilateral nodular lesions in the lungs.  The prognosis depends on the histologic grade of the lesions. One third of patients with grade 1 lesions and two thirds of patients with grade 2 lesions progress to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.  Grade 3 lesions, by definition, are classified as non-Hodgkin lymphomas.


Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A carcinoid tumor or neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the thymus gland.


name: Stage IB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Pleural mesothelioma with a tumor also involving the visceral pleura N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Lung Non-Small Cell Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Soft Tissue Neoplasm

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from the lung.


chest wall bone cancer

description: An uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from the chest wall bones. Representative examples include chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor.


Cardiac Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A monophasic synovial sarcoma arising from the heart.


Metaplastic thymoma

description: A rare type of well circumscribed or encapsulated thymoma with a biphasic architecture, consisting of epithelial cell islands and bundles of spindle cells.  The vast majority of reported cases had a benign clinical course.


name: Stage III Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: Locoregional tumor, regional lymph nodes negative or positive; no distant metastasis; biopsy only or gross residual tumor after primary resection. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Mediastinal Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the mediastinum.  It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


Stage IV Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a); IVB: (Any T, N2, M0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. N2: Metastasis in deep intrathoracic or cervical lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). M1b: Pulmonary intraparenchymal nodule or distant organ metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


sternum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the sternum


Pleural Mesothelioma In Situ

description: A non-invasive mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the proliferation of a single-layer of flat or cuboidal neoplastic mesothelial cells. Cytological atypia is absent or minimal. Mitoses are absent. BAP1 gene inactivation and/or CDKN2A gene homozygous deletion are present. Patients present with non-resolving pleural effusion. It may progress to invasive epithelioid mesothelioma.


Lung Typical Carcinoid Tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor of the lung characterized by the absence of necrosis and the presence of less than 2 mitoses per 10 high power fields.


name: Unresectable Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant thoracic neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Mediastinal T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

description: A precursor T-cell lymphoid neoplasm composed of small to medium-sized lymphoblasts that affects the mediastinum.


name: Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IIIA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N1, M0. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung non-small cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Resectable Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Lung squamous cell carcinoma that is amenable to surgical resection.


mediastinum leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the mediastium. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


Metastatic Lung Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Intrapulmonary teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the lung.


Metastatic Malignant Thoracic Neoplasm

description: A malignant thoracic neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Metastatic Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis

description: Lymphangiomatosis diffusely involving the lung parenchyma.


name: Advanced Lung Non-Small Cell Squamous Carcinoma

description: Non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage IIIA Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Osteosarcoma

description: A rare extraskeletal osteosarcoma that arises from the lung parenchyma.


Lung Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma

description: An exceptionally rare alveolar soft part sarcoma that arises from the lung.


Sclerosing thymoma

description: A rare type of thymoma, characterized by an exuberant amount of collagen-rich stroma.


Lung Myolipoma

description: A benign tumor of the lung composed of mature adipocytes and smooth muscle cells.


Unresectable Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to thymus

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the thymus from another anatomic site.


name: Mediastinal Mixed Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

description: An extragonadal nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of two or more germ cell tumor types.  It manifests with respiratory distress, thoracic pain, cough, superior vena cava syndrome, or hoarseness.


Malignant Lung and Pleural Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the lung and pleura.


benign neoplasm of pericardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the pericardium.


name: Stage 0 Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IB Lung Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to sternum

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the sternum from another anatomic site.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to chest wall

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the chest wall from another primary anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Cardiac Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A biphasic synovial sarcoma arising from the heart.


Stage IA1 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IA1 includes: IA1: (T1mi, N0, M0); (T1a, N0, M0). T1mi: Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma: adenocarcinoma (3 cm or less in greatest dimension) with a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension. T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IB Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, N Subtype

description: A molecular subtype of lung small cell carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1). It is associated with low expression of neuroendocrine markers and variant morphology.


Sternal Chondromyxoid Fibroma

description: An uncommon benign cartilaginous neoplasm arising from the sternum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped or stellate chondrocytes, a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and sometimes multinucleated giant cells.


Thymoma malignant recurrent

description: Reemergence of malignant thymoma after a period of remission.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IVb

description: The tumor shows lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis to distant sites.


Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (Any T, Any N, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b). M1a: Tumor with separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe; tumor with pleural or pericardial nodules or malignant pleural or pericardial effusion. Most pleural (pericardial) effusions with lung cancer are a result of the tumor. In a few patients, however, multiple microscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. If these elements and clinical judgment dictate that the effusion is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging descriptor. M1b: Tumor with single extrathoracic metastasis in a single organ (including involvement of a single nonregional node). (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: Locoregional tumor, non-metastatic, complete resection. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


name: Advanced Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Cardiac Intramuscular Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the myocardium.


name: Metastatic Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Pleural malignant mesothelioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Conventional Cardiac Rhabdomyoma

description: A cardiac rhabdomyoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large striated muscle cells with clear cytoplasm and spider cells.


Cardiac Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

description: An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma usually arising from the left atrium of the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of fibrohistiocytic cells, giant cells, and spindle cells arrranged iin a storiform pattern.  Clinical presentation includes signs and symptoms associated with left atrial hemodynamic changes.


name: Stage IB Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: T2 or T3, N0, M0. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. T3: Tumor is locally advanced but potentially resectable. The tumor involves all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of the endothoracic fascia, extension into the mediastinal fat, solitary, completely resectable focus of tumor extending into the soft tissues of the chest wall, and/or nontransmural involvement of the pericardium. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Childhood Malignant Lung Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that involves the lungs during childhood.


name: Stage II Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


embryonal carcinoma of mediastinum

description: An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of primitive large cells with clear or granular cytoplasm forming solid, glandular, or papillary patterns.  It usually affects young males.  It manifests with respiratory distress, thoracic or shoulder pain, fever, cough, superior vena cava syndrome, or hoarseness.


Lung Plasmacytoma

description: A plasmacytoma that arises in the lung.


Thymoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of thymoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


mediastinum angiosarcoma

description: A malignant vascular neoplasm arising from the mediastinum.


Adenocarcinoma of lung stage IIIA

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T2a, N0, M0.  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Mediastinal Granulocytic Sarcoma

description: A malignant tumor that arises from the mediastinum and is composed of myeloblasts, neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. It is the most common type of myeloid sarcoma affecting the mediastinum.


Metastatic Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma

description: An adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the lung and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


epicardium lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the epicardium of the heart.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of lung

description: A rare Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in and is confined to the lung at the time of diagnosis.


EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma

description: Lung adenocarcinoma that is associated with EGFR gene mutation.


name: Stage IB Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7


Masaoka-Koga Stage II

description: The tumor shows invasion into the capsule.


Localized Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that is confined to the site in which it initially manifested without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Refractory Lung Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Small cell lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Benign neoplasm of hilus of lung

description: A neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of lung and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage I Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage I includes: IA: (TI, N0, M0) and IB: (T2, N0, M0).  TI: Tumor 3 cm or less in greatest dimension surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor with any of the following features of size or extent: More than 3cm in greatest dimension.  Involves main bronchus, 2cm or more distal to the carina.  Invades the visceral pleura.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


pleural solitary fibrous tumor

description: A localized neoplasm of probable fibroblastic derivation, that arises from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of round to spindle-shaped cells, hylanized stroma formation, thin-walled branching blood vessels, and thin bands of collagen.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0) and IB: (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less n greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Yolk Sac Tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises within the myocardium or cardiac chambers.


Masaoka-Koga Stage IIa

description: The tumor shows microscopic invasion into the capsule.


name: Locally Advanced Lung Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Lung neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Congenital Peribronchial Myofibroblastic Tumor

description: A rare lung neoplasm that occurs in the intrauterine and perinatal period. It is characterized by the proliferation of spindle cells in an interstitial, peribronchial pattern. Surgical resection of the involved lung parenchyma is the treatment of choice.


Stage IA3 Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IA3 includes: T1c, N0, M0. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


benign neoplasm of heart

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the heart.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes

description: A header term that refers to the molecular classification of lung small cell carcinoma according to the relative expression of four transcription factors: achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3).


name: Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma

description: A rare type of thymoma characterized by the presence of multiple, well formed epithelial nodules separated by a lymphocytic stroma that usually contains germinal centers.  Reported cases have not been associated with recurrences or metastases.


benign neoplasm of myocardium

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the myocardium.


name: Stage IV Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Pleural mesothelioma with a locally advanced technically unresectable tumor.  Tumor involving all the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following: diffuse extension or multifocal masses of tumor in the chest wall, with or without associated rib destruction; direct transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor to the peritoneum; direct extension of tumor to the contralateral pleura; direct extension of tumor to mediastinal organs; direct extension of tumor into the spine; tumor extending through to the internal surface of the pericardium with or without a pericardial effusion or tumor involving the myocardium.  N3: Pleural mesothelioma with metastases in the contralateral mediastinal, contralateral internal mammary, ipsilateral or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage II Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: (T2b, N0, M0); IIB: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage I Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1a, b, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor with no mediastinal pleura involvement. T1b: Tumor with direct invasion of mediastinal pleura. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Mature B-Cell Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from mature B-lymphocytes or plasma cells in the lung.  Representative examples include mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and primary pulmonary plasmacytoma.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to axilla

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the structures of the axilla from another anatomic site.


Stage IIIB Thymoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T4, N0, M0. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Benign Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. There is no evidence of atypia or metastases.


description: A low-grade malignant blood vessel neoplasm arising from the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.  The neoplastic cells are arranged in cords and nests, which are embedded in a myxoid to hyalinized stroma.


Unresectable Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Lung Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare, low-grade carcinoma that arises endobronchially in the central airways. It is composed of small to medium-sized malignant epithelial cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests, cords, and trabeculae in a hyalinized stroma. It is associated with the presence of EWSR1-ATF1 fusion gene.


name: Stage IA Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: (T1a, N0, M0); (T1b, N0, M0).  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Benign Atrial Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the right or left atrium and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Stage III Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N1,M0); (T3, N2, M0) or IIIB (Any T, N3, M0); (T4, Any N, M0).  N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes, and intrapulmonary nodes including involvement by direct extension of the primary tumor.  N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph node(s).  T1: Tumor is 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus.  T2: Tumor has any of the following features of size or extent: more than 3 cm in greatest dimension; involves the main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina; invades the visceral pleura; associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung.  T3: Tumor (of any size) directly invades any of the following: chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or separate tumor nodules in the same lobe; or tumor with a malignant pleural effusion.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to mediastinum

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the mediastinum from an adjacent or distant anatomic site.


endocardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the endocardium.


Benign Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. There is no evidence of atypia or metastases.


Mediastinal Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A mass-forming malignant neoplasm that arises from the mediastinum and is characterized by the proliferation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. It may present in association with or precede acute myeloid leukemia, or it may be the first manifestation of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia.


Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the heart.  It is characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces.


Refractory Lung Carcinoma

description: Lung carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of a thymic epithelial neoplasm, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system applies to thymomas, thymic carcinomas, thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and combined thymic carcinomas. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Metastatic Carcinoma in the Lung

description: The spread of a carcinoma to the lung. This may be from a primary lung carcinoma, or from a carcinoma at a distant anatomic site.


Hodgkin's lymphoma of mediastinum

description: A Hodgkin lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum.  It usually involves mediastinal lymph nodes and/or the thymus.  Signs and symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats.


Pericardial Germ Cell Tumor

description: A rare benign or malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the pericardium. The reported cases have been teratomas and yolk sac tumors.


Non-small cell lung cancer stage IIIA

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


chest wall lipoma

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the chest wall.


Transplant-Related Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Thymoliposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the thymus gland.  It is characterized by the presence of a liposarcomatous malignant infiltrate that entraps lobules of thymic tissue.


Lung Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of lung cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This staging system derives from analyses of the new retrospective and prospective databases of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). These databases contain information on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1999 to 2010 originating from 35 different databases in 16 countries around the world. This staging system applies to carcinomas of the lung, including non-small cell and small cell carcinomas, and bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. It does not apply to sarcomas or other rare tumors of the lung. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Lung Malignant PEComa

description: A malignant lung tumor that arises from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs).


Pleural Carcinomatosis

description: Carcinoma that has spread diffusely to the pleura.


solitary plasmacytoma of chest wall

description: A solitary plasmacytoma that arises from the chest wall.


name: Stage IV Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor

description: Tumor with distant metastasis. (WHO Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 2015)


Thymoma by Masaoka-Koga Stage

description: A staging system for thymoma based on the anatomic extent of disease at the time of surgery.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage III

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cardiac Myeloid Sarcoma

description: A rare extramedullary myeloid tumor that arises from the heart.  It may present in association with or as a site of relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. Rare cases of myeloid sarcoma of the heart preceding acute myeloid leukemia have also been reported.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine-High Subtype

description: Lung small cell carcinoma characterized by high expression pattern of different neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, and gastrin-releasing peptide. It is associated with low numbers of infiltrating immune cells (immune desert phenotype).


Microscopic Thymoma

description: A rare type of thymoma, composed of multifocal epithelial proliferations less than 1 mm in diameter.  This type of thymoma usually occurs in myasthenia gravis patients without any macroscopic (gross) evidence of tumor.


name: Unresectable Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage IA Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0.  T1a: Pleural mesothelioma with no involvement of the visceral pleura. N0: No regional lymph metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Thymoma, type B1, malignant

description: A type B1 thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


name: malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of mediastinum

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the mediastinum.  It may be associated with neurofibromatosis.  It often spreads to the lungs or pleura.


Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with skeletal muscle differentiation arising within the myocardium.  It is characterized by the presence of small round spindle cells.  Most cardiac rhabodomyosarcomas are of embryonal type and usually present in children and young adults.


Thymus Lipofibroadenoma

description: A benign thymic tumor morphologically resembling fibroadenoma of the breast.


Thymic Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma

description: A very rare adenocarcinoma arising from the thymus. It is characterized by the presence of malignant polygonal cells resembling hepatocytes.


Atrial Paraganglioma

description: An extra-adrenal paraganglioma arising from paraganglia located in the cardiac atrium.


Stage IIB Lung Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T1c, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0); (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T1a: Tumor measuring 1 cm or less in greatest dimension. A superficial, spreading tumor of any size whose invasive component is limited to the bronchial wall and may extend proximal to the main bronchus also is classified as T1a, but these tumors are uncommon. T1b: Tumor measuring more than 1 cm but 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T1c: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2a: Tumor measuring more than 3 cm but 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2b: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension or directly invading any of the following: parietal pleura (PL3), chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, parietal pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary. N0: No regional lymph node metastases. N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hemangiosarcoma of heart

description: An angiosarcoma that arises from the heart. It most often arises in the right atrium near the atrioventricular groove. The prognosis is poor.


Malignant carcinoid tumor of lung

description: A neuroendocrine tumor of the lung showing focal necrotic changes or a number of mitotic figures between 2 and 10/10 high power fields.


Pericardial Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises within the pericardium.


name: Lung Small Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of small cell lung carcinoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Lung Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma

description: A biphasic synovial sarcoma arising from the lungs.


name: Stage II Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0). T1: Tumor limited to the ipsilateral parietal with or without involvement of visceral pleura, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic pleura. T2: Tumor involving each of the ipsilateral pleural surfaces (parietal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, and visceral pleura) with at least one of the following features: involvement of diaphragmatic muscle and/or extension of tumor from visceral pleura into the underlying pulmonary parenchyma. N1: Metastases in the ipsilateral bronchopulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal (including the internal mammary, peridiaphragmatic, pericardial fat pad, or intercostal) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Lung Myoepithelial Tumor

description: A very rare, benign or malignant lung tumor with myoepithelial differentiation.


name: Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Stage IVA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IVA includes: (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N0,1, M1a). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in anterior (perithymic) lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1a: Separate pleural or pericardial nodule(s). (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IIIA Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage III Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T4, N0, M0). T3: Tumor with direct invasion into any of the following: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, phrenic nerve, chest wall, or extrapericardial pulmonary artery or veins. T4: Tumor with invasion into any of the following: aorta (ascending, arch, or descending), arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, esophagus. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Lung Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

description: Non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Advanced Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Colon Carcinoma Metastatic in the Lung

description: A carcinoma that originates from the colonic wall and has spread to the lungs.


Adenocarcinoma of lung, stage II

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2b, N0, M0); (T1a, N1, M0); (T1b, N1, M0); (T2a, N1, M0) and IIB (T2b, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0).  T2b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 5 cm but 7 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T1a: Lung cancer with a tumor size of 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus). The uncommon superficial tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus, is also classified as T1a.  T1b: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 2 cm but 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura and without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).  T2a: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 3 cm but 5 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T3: Lung cancer with a tumor size more than 7 cm or one that directly invades any of the following: parietal pleural (PL3) chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus (less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina); or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Recurrent Combined Thymic Epithelial Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of combined thymic epithelial neoplasm after a period of remission.


Advanced Lung Carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Functioning Lung Carcinoid Tumor

description: A lung neuroendocrine tumor that is not associated with carcinoid syndrome.


name: Stage III Lung Small Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1a, N2, M0); (T1b, N2, M0); (T2a, N2, M0); (T2b, N2, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0) and IIIB (T1a, N3, M0); (T1b, N3, M0); (T2a, N3, M0); (T2b, N3, M0); (T3, N3, M0); (T4, N2, M0); (T4, N3, M0).  T4: Lung cancer with a tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, vertebral body, carina, and separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe.  N1: Lung cancer with metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including involvement by direct extension.  N2: Lung cancer with metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.  N3: Lung cancer with metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Cardiac Cellular Rhabdomyoma

description: A rare cardiac rhabdomyoma occurring in adults.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic striated muscle cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and increased cellularity.


mediastinum synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1.  M1: Distant metastasis present. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

description: A preinvasive bronchial neoplastic lesion affecting the squamous epithelium. It is characterized by the absence of progression of maturation from base to luminal surface, basilar zone expansion with cellular crowding throughout the epithelium, absence of the intermediate zone, and surface flattening confined to the most superficial cells. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio is often high and variable, the chromatin is coarse and uneven, and mitotic figures are present through full thickness. The cell size may be markedly increased. Anisocytosis and pleomorphism may be present. (Adapted from WHO, 2015)