rectosigmoid junction neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rectosigmoid region. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Rectosigmoid adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


colorectal Kaposi sarcoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A Kaposi sarcoma that arises from the colon or rectum.


anal canal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosa of the anal canal.


name: gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach

description: A rare hereditary gastric cancer characterized by proximal gastric polyposis and increased risk of early-onset, intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gastric body, with no duodenal or colorectal polyposis. This is an n-of-1 use case where only one patient or family has been described with this disorder.


name: undifferentiated carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract

description: Undifferentiated carcinoma of liver and intrahepatic biliary tract is an extremely rare epithelial tumor of the liver and biliary tract which presents heterogenous histological findings and not yet fully defined clinicopathological characteristics. Patients usually present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss and/or jaundice. Invasive growth, high metastatic potential and a rapid clinical course are typically associated.


hepatobiliary disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma.


name: small intestinal intraepithelial neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic process that affects the small intestine. It is characterized by low or high grade dysplasia of the mucosal epithelium. There is no evidence of invasion.


inflammatory bowel disease 26

description: An inflammatory bowel disease that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 12q15.


chemical colitis

description: A colitis caused by the introduction of harsh chemicals to the colon by an enema or other procedure. Chemical colitis can resemble ulcerative colitis, infectious colitis and pseudomembranous colitis endoscopically.


gastric leiomyoma

description: A rare benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the wall of the stomach. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern. Unlike gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastric leiomyomas are by definition negative for CD34 and CD117 (C-KIT).


cholangiolocellular carcinoma

description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the canals of Hering.


gastric liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the stomach.


anal canal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the anal canal


insulin-resistance syndrome type B

description: Type B insulin-resistance syndrome belongs to the group of extreme insulin-resistance syndromes (which includes leprechaunism, the lipodystrophies, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and type A insulin resistance syndrome) and occurs in the context of immune dysfunction.


colon juvenile polyp

description: A non-neoplastic hamartomatous polyp that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of tortuous and cystically dilated glands, edematous changes, and inflammation.


name: cutaneous photosensitivity-lethal colitis syndrome

description: Cutaneous photosensitivity and lethal colitisis is a rare inflammatory bowel disease characterized by early cutaneous photosensitivity manifesting by sun-induced facial erythematous and vesicular lesions and severe recurent colitis which lead to untreatable diarrhea. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1991.


intestinal motility disease

description: A disease that has its basis in the disruption of intestinal motility.


bacterial gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from bacteria.


benign neoplasm of appendix

description: A benign neoplasm that involves the vermiform appendix.


anus leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the anus. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


liver adenomatosis

description: A rare neoplastic disease characterized by the presence of ten or more hepatocellular adenomas in a background of normal appearing hepatic parenchyma. The majority of reported cases are female. There is no association with steroid use. The condition is considered benign, although the risk of complications (such as malignant transformation or spontaneous rupture with intraperitoneal hemorrhage) is much higher than in isolated hepatic adenoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in less than 10% of cases.


name: megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 5


Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis

description: A viral hepatitis that results in inflammation, located in liver, has material basis in Human herpesvirus 4 and has symptom headache, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever, has symptom abdominal pain, has symptom nausea, and has symptom jaundice.


xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

description: Cholecystitis that is characterized by nodules containing lipid.


opioid-induced constipation

description: A constipation disorder caused by use of opioids. OIC may present immediately when a patient takes the opioid, or it may present gradually during opioid therapy.


jejunal adenocarcinoma

description: A adenocarcinoma that involves the jejunum.


name: Lugano Classification Stage IV Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV: Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs, with or without associated lymph node involvement; or noncontiguous extralymphatic organ involvement in conjunction with nodal stage II disease; or any extralymphatic organ involvement in nodal stage III disease. Stage IV includes any involvement of the CSF, bone marrow, liver, or lungs (other than by direct extension in stage IIE disease). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Cryogenic Burn

description: Local tissue damage due to exposure to extreme cold.


Supratentorial Gliosarcoma

description: A gliosarcoma arising from the supratentorial region.


Cerebral Glioblastoma

description: A glioblastoma that occurs in the cerebrum.


benign granular cell tumor

description: A granular cell tumor that is confined to the site of origin, without metastatic potential.


cardiac granular cell neoplasm

description: A very rare granular cell tumor that arises from the heart.


name: benign peripheral nerve granular cell tumor

description: A benign granular cell tumor that involves the nerve.


Multiple hamartoma of lung

description: The presence of multiple hamartomas in the lungs.  Hamartomas are usually solitary lesions on chest-x-rays.  Multiple lung hamartomas are rare.


Increased CSF alanine concentration

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Abnormally increased levels of alanine in cerebrospinal fluid.


chorioretinitis

description: Inflammation of the distal posterior uveal tract (choroid) and its structural and vascular attachments to the retina. It is usually caused by infection and though rare, it is clinically significant due to its most serious sequela: loss of vision.


Glutathionuria

description: Level of glutathione in the urine above the upper limit of normal.


name: Increased level of galactitol in red blood cells

description: An increase in the level of galactitol in the red blood cells.


dysgerminoma of ovary

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is identical to seminoma and consists of a monotonous population of germ cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The stroma invariably contains chronic inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It responds to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the prognosis relates to the tumor stage.


pediatric ovarian dysgerminoma

description: A dysgerminoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


Low serum calcitriol

description: A reduced concentration of calcitriol in the blood. Calcitriol is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.


name: Decreased circulating calcifediol concentration

description: A reduced concentration of calcifediol in the blood. Calcifediol is also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3.


name: Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma, ROS1-Altered

description: A high-grade cellular astrocytoma that arises in the cerebral hemisphere and occurs in early childhood. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase fusions in the ROS1 gene.


Dermal flame figures

description: Flame-figures are composed of a central part consisting of collagen fibers and eosinophilic granules, surrounded by a histiocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate. Subsequently, eosinophils tend to disappear and are replaced by phagocytic granulomas, consisting of histiocytes and sometimes giant cells, around the flame figures.


name: FSH-Producing Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).


Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm arising from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The vast majority are pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (formerly pituitary adenomas).


name: Immature PIT1 Lineage Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: An immature pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of PIT1-lineage adenohypophyseal cells with cytologic atypia and limited differentiation towards thyrotroph, somatotroph, and/or lactotroph cells. (WHO)


name: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor without Distinct Lineage Differentiation

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that belongs to more than one adenohypophysial cell lineage or does not show evidence of adenohypophysial hormonal immunoreactivity and specific adenohypophysial cell derivation.


name: Locally Advanced Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Somatotroph-Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces both growth hormone and prolactin.


name: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of PIT1-Lineage

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from PIT1-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


name: Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of basophilic PAS-positive cells that are diffusely and strongly positive for ACTH, consistent with the abundance of secretory granules seen at the ultrastructural level. (WHO)


name: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of SF1-Lineage

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from SF1-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


name: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in which further characterization regarding subtyping is not available.


Crooke Cell Tumor

description: A corticotroph pituitary tumor composed of cells with Crooke hyaline change. Ring-like cytokeratin expression is typical of these neoplasms. ACTH expression is dislocated to the cell periphery and juxtanuclear region. Ultrastructurally, intermediate filaments are arranged in a ring-like pattern. (WHO)


name: Mammosomatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of acidophilic cells that produce both growth hormone and prolactin. Immunohistochemical studies reveal the presence of these two hormones localized in the same cell.


name: Null Cell Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor without hormonal immunoreactivity or evidence of specific adenohypophyseal cell derivation.


name: LH-Producing Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that produces luteinizing hormone (LH).


non-functioning pituitary adenoma

description: A hormone producing or non-producing pituitary gland adenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Pituitary macroadenoma

description: A pituitary gland adenoma that is larger than 10mm.


name: Plurimorphous Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumor consisting of two or more different cell lineages. (WHO)


name: Non-Functioning Densely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A densely granulated corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: ACTH-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces corticotropin. It may be associated with Cushing disease.


name: Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Macroadenoma

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/macroadenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


pituitary blastoma

description: A pituitary cancer that is characterized by features of Cushing disease, with elevated blood ACTH levels and hypercortisolism arising within the fetal anterior pituitary and associated with DICER1 mutations.


name: mixed somatotroph-lactotroph pituitary gland adenoma

description: An infrequent pituitary gland adenoma composed of an admixture of acidophilic and chromophobic cells that produce growth hormone and prolactin respectively. Unlike mammosomatotroph adenomas, these two hormones are not localized in the same cell by immunohistochemistry.


name: Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Macroadenoma

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/macroadenoma associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Microadenoma

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/microadenoma associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: Recurrent Anterior Pituitary Gland Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a pituitary gland neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Double Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors of Distinct Lineages

description: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors composed of adenohypopheseal cells of two lineages or a null cell tumor in combination with a lineage-specific pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in the same gland.


name: Non-Functioning Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: prolactin-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces prolactin.


name: growth hormone-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces growth hormone. It may be associated with acromegaly.


name: Monomorphous Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumor consisting of a single cell type producing two (or rarely more) hormones. (WHO)


Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that does not involve the sella turcica.


name: Acidophil Stem Cell Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: An infrequent pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of cells showing immunoreactivity for prolactin and less often growth hormone. Electron microscopic studies reveal giant mitochondria, a finding not present in any other type of pituitary gland adenomas.


ACTH-producing pituitary gland adenoma

description: An adenoma of the pituitary gland that produces corticotropin. The vast majority of cases are associated with Cushing disease. Clinical manifestations include truncal obesity with thin extremities, thinning of the skin, osteoporosis, and a tendency to bruise easily. Silent or hormonally non-functioning ACTH producing adenomas have also been described. They produce symptoms of a mass-related lesion.


name: Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor/Microadenoma

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor/microadenoma not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor of TPIT-Lineage

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising from TPIT-lineage adenohypophysial cells.


name: Sparsely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A growth hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of small, round cells containing fibrous bodies and scarce, small secretory granules.


name: Densely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A rare prolactin-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of acidophilic cells with many large secretory granules.  The endoplasmic reticulum is not as abundant as in the sparsely granulated subtype.


name: Sparsely Granulated Lactotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A prolactin-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of relatively large, chromophobic or slightly acidophilic cells with well developed, abundant endoplasmic reticulum, and many immature secretory granules.  Mature secretory granules are sparse.


name: Metastatic Unresectable Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: Metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that expresses adenohypophyseal hormones and belongs to more than one adenohypophysial cell lineage.


name: Mature Plurihormonal PIT1 Lineage Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well-differentiated pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of PIT1-lineage adenohypophyseal cells with acidophilic cytoplasm, extensive immunoreactivity for growth hormone and variable immunoreactivity for TSH, prolactin, and alpha-subunit. (WHO)


name: Sparsely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of faintly basophilic or chromophobic PAS-positive cells with weak or patchy positivity for ACTH, consistent with the scant, small secretory granules seen ultrastructurally. (WHO)


Atypical Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A usually aggressive and invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumor characterized by excessive p53 immunoreactivity, increased mitotic activity, and MIB-1 proliferative index greater than 3%.


name: Densely Granulated Somatotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A growth hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumor composed of medium-sized acidophilic cells with granular cytoplasm and abundant secretory granules.


description: A pituitary neuroendocrine tumor with a diameter equal or less than 10 mm.


name: Multiple Synchronous Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors of Distinct Lineages

description: Multiple pituitary neuroendocrine tumors composed of adenohypopheseal cells of two or more lineages or a null cell tumor in combination with a lineage-specific pituitary neuroendocrine tumor in the same gland.


name: Non-Functioning Sparsely Granulated Corticotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A sparsely granulated corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


name: Nasopharyngeal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: An ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the nasopharynx.


name: Mixed Gangliocytoma-Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A pituitary neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic cells admixed with pituitary neoplastic neuroendocrine cells.


name: unexplained long-lasting fever/inflammatory syndrome


Rectocele

description: A Rectocele results from a tear in the rectovaginal septum (which is normally a tough, fibrous, sheet-like divider between the rectum and vagina). Rectal tissue bulges through this tear and into the vagina as a hernia. There are two main causes of this tear: childbirth, and hysterectomy.


name: Fractured proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone

description: A partial or complete breakage of the proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone.


Advanced Extramammary Paget Disease

description: Extramammary Paget disease that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


extramammary Paget disease

description: A malignant neoplasm in which there is infiltration of the skin by neoplastic large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli (Paget cells). It may affect the anus, penis, scrotum, and vulva.


vulval Paget disease

description: An uncommon intraepithelial malignant neoplasm of eccrine or apocrine origin, arising from the vulva. It usually affects post-menopausal women. In approximately 10-20% of the cases there is an associated anorectal, or urothelial carcinoma or a skin appendage adenocarcinoma identified. It presents as a red, eczematous lesion. Microscopically, it is characterized by the presence of the typical Paget cells which are large, round cells with abundant cytoplasm and prominent nuclei.


scrotum Paget disease

description: A mammary Paget's disease that involves the scrotum.


name: Recurrent Paget Disease of the Anal Canal

description: The reemergence of Paget disease of the anal canal after a period of remission.


Recurrent Extramammary Paget Disease

description: The reemergence of extramammary Paget disease after a period of remission.


Metastatic Extramammary Paget Disease

description: Extramammary Paget disease that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Paget disease of the penis

description: A premalignant condition morphologically characterized by the presence of the characteristic Paget cells in the intraepithelial tissue of the penis. It presents as a smooth raised reddish area that may or may not be painful. -- 2003


Refractory Extramammary Paget Disease

description: Extramammary Paget disease that is resistant to treatment.


name: Intracellular accumulation of collagen VII

description: Collagen VII is the major molecular constituent of anchoring fibrils in the skin. Collagen VII is synthesized as three identical pro-alpha1(VII) polypeptide chains, which are hydroxylated and glycosylated in a coordinated manner and then fold into triple-helical procollagen VII in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mature collagen VII undergoes a multistep fibril polymerization process to form the anchoring fibrils. Mutant pro-alpha1(VII) polypeptide chains or procollagen VII molecules do not pass the ER quality control and are retained in the ER or designated for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation resulting in reduced amounts of collagen VII in the skin.


Nonproductive cough

description: A cough that does not produce phlegm or mucus.


Productive cough

description: A cough that produces phlegm or mucus.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades muscularis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage II Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


carcinoma in situ of ureter

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the ureter.


maxillary arteriovenous malformation

description: Maxillary arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection of the arterial and venous vasculature, without capillary connections, in the maxillofacial area, usually presenting with chronic, intermittent, and potentially life-threatening, hemorrhage. Association with infection, pain, pressure, pulsation, swelling, facial asymmetry, headache, ocular pain, tinnitus, otalgia, epistaxis, toothache and/or teeth mobility and compressibility into their sockets is possible, although it may also be asymptomatic.


scrotal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the scrotum.


ureter inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the ureter in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue, which often causes hematuria.


apocrine adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma with apocrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It presents as single or multiple nodular lesions which may be ulcerated or hemorrhagic and is usually in the axilla and less often in the anogenital region. It grows in the dermis and infiltrates subcutaneous tissues. It is characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large often vesicular nuclei. Most cases are slow growing tumors and have a prolonged course.


scirrhous breast carcinoma

description: An infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma associated with stromal fibrosis.


renal pelvis urothelial papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm of the renal pelvis that involves the transitional epithelium projecting above the surrounding epithelial surface and consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


kidney carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a kidney.


adenoid cystic breast carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma primarily involving the breast. Three morphologic patterns are seen: cribriform, trabecular, and solid. The prognosis is excellent.


stage II endometrioid carcinoma

description: Endometrial carcinoma is a carcinoma that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb). It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. Other symptoms include pain with urination or sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Endometrial cancer occurs most commonly after menopause. In stage II the cancer has spread from the body of the uterus and is growing into the supporting connective tissue of the cervix (called the cervical stroma). The cancer has spread into connective tissue of the cervix, but has not spread outside the uterus.


nasal cavity carcinoma in situ

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the nasal cavity.


thyroid gland fetal adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of microfollicular structures.


ureter carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the ureter.


ovarian clear cell cancer

description: An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by a predominance of clear and hobnail malignant epithelial cells.


skin cystic basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is characterized by cyst formation.


vulvar clear cell hidradenocarcinoma

description: A vulvar sweat gland carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


stage IVb bladder cancer

description: Stage IV includes T4b, NO,MO/any T NI, MO/ any T N2 MO,/ any T N3 MO/ any T any N M1 : T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis.


vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

description: An invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from the vulva. Risk factors include the human papilloma virus and cigarette smoking. Precursor lesions include the vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, lichen sclerosus with associated squamous cell hyperplasia, and chronic granulomatous vulvar disease such as granuloma inguinale. Symptoms include vulvar pruritus or irritation, discharge, bleeding, and pain. The following morphologic variants have been identified: keratinizing, non-keratinizing, basaloid, warty, verrucous, keratoacanthoma-like, and squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells. Risk factors for recurrence include advanced stage, tumor diameter greater than 2.5 cm, multifocality, capillary-like space involvement, associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3, and margins of resection involved by tumor. (WHO, 2003)


corneal intraepithelial neoplasm

description: A squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia that involves the cornea.


pituitary gigantism

description: The condition of accelerated and excessive growth in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess human growth hormone before the closure of epiphyses. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.


name: moderately-differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma


bladder signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: A signet ring cell carcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


ureter transitional cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the transitional epithelium of the ureter. It is associated with tobacco use and usually presents with gross or microscopic hematuria.


digestive system adenoma

description: A sporadic or less frequently familial neoplasm, arising from the glandular epithelium of the stomach, small intestine, biliary tract, colon, and rectum. It is a polypoid or flat circumscribed lesion. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The frequency of malignant transformation depends on the size of the lesion and the degree of dysplasia. Larger adenomas with severe dysplastic changes (sometimes called carcinoma in situ) carry a higher risk of progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma. Gastrointestinal adenomas may present as solitary or multifocal lesions. Familial adenomas tend to be multifocal and carry a higher risk of malignant transformation.


vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

description: Intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulvar squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of invasion. This category includes vulvar high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, differentiated type.


vulvar adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the vulva. Representative examples include Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma, eccrine adenocarcinoma, apocrine adenocarcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma.


papillary squamous carcinoma

description: A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary, exophytic growth pattern and hyperkeratosis. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the larynx, penis, cervix, vagina, and vulva.


basaloid carcinoma of the penis

description: An aggressive, human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of nests of small malignant cells. The malignant cells tend to invade deeply into the adjacent tissues. Comedo-type necrosis is often present.


Wolffian duct adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical adenocarcinoma that arises from mesonephric remnants. It is usually characterized by the presence of tubular glands lined by cuboidal epithelial cells.


inverted transitional cell papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm composed of transitional cells and characterized by an endophytic growth pattern.


large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A usually aggressive carcinoma composed of large malignant cells which display neuroendocrine characteristics. It is characterized by the presence of high mitotic activity and necrotic changes. The vast majority of cases are positive for neuron-specific enolase. Representative examples include lung, breast, cervical, and thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas.


pleomorphic carcinoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of cells with significant cytologic atypia and nuclear pleomorphism.


thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of squamous cells, intermediate type cells, and mucus-producing cells. Published information on clinical course is limited to single-case reports.


endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma

description: A primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant cells that lack evidence of differentiation.


breast adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast. Representative examples include apocrine adenoma, tubular adenoma, and pleomorphic adenoma.


name: female breast lower-outer quadrant cancer


name: ovarian large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells exhibiting neuroendocrine differentiation. The prognosis is poor.


vulvar basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid cells with a scant amount of cytoplasm.


endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A rare endometrial carcinoma characterized by the presence of both malignant glandular and malignant squamous cellular components.


trachea carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the trachea.


name: thyroid gland atypical follicular adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma with increased cellularity and nuclear atypia. There is no capsular or vascular invasion. The clinical course is benign.


name: oxyphilic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of eosinophilic malignant glandular epithelial cells.


name: cervical large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli.


luminal A breast carcinoma

description: A biologic subset of breast carcinoma defined by high expression of genes characteristic of luminal epithelial cells, including estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen regulated protein LIV-1, and the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 3, HNF3A, XBP1, and GATA 3. This subtype of breast cancer is associated with a good prognosis.


papillary cystic neoplasm

description: A benign, malignant, or borderline neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillary mucinous, serous, or clear cell structures and cystic structures.


ovarian seromucinous carcinoma

description: A malignant mixed epithelial neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed predominantly of serous and endocervical-type mucinous epithelium.


cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of cervical adenocarcinoma composed of clear and hobnail cells. It is associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).


testicular Brenner tumor

description: An uncommon usually benign neoplasm that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of cysts lined by transitional cells and solid nests of transitional cells in a spindle cell stroma.


name: endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindled epithelial cells

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of spindled malignant epithelial cells.


Bartholin gland adenoma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of clustered glands and tubules lined by mucin-secreting epithelial cells.


cortical thymoma

description: A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic large, polygonal epithelial cells with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells are arranged around perivascular spaces and along septa. Immature T-lymphocytes are also present. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It is a tumor of moderate malignancy. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I, stage II, or stage III tumors. Metastatic, stage IV tumors occur less frequently.


rete ovarii cystadenoma

description: An exceptionally rare cystadenoma that arises from the rete ovarii.


central breast papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a large duct of the breast. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Patients usually present with nipple discharge.


name: uterine ligament clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A clear cell adenocarcinoma of the uterine ligament composed mainly of clear or hobnob cells. The clear cells are large, bizarre, and multinucleated.


bone carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that involves the bone element.


breast secretory carcinoma

description: A rare, low grade invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of cells that secrete milk-like material. Morphologically, it usually appears as a circumscribed lesion, composed of cystic spaces, tubular structures, and solid areas.


microscopic breast papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a terminal ductal lobular unit. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Peripheral breast papillomas are often multiple and are usually found microscopically. Patients are often asymptomatic.


name: endocervical type cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that resemble those of the endocervix.


synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma

description: Carcinoma that is detected in one breast within two months from the diagnosis of carcinoma in the other breast.


lymph node adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the lymph node.


name: non-keratinizing sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract characterized by a plexiform or ribbon-like growth pattern, cytological atypia, and lack of histological evidence of keratinization.


cerebellar hemangioblastoma

description: A histologically benign tumor, usually cystic with a vascular mural nodule, that is most often found in the cerebellum though it has been reported at other sites within the neuraxis. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL gene located on chr 3p25-26).


penis basal cell carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma of the penis with an indolent clinical course. It is usually superficial and arises from the shaft and rarely the glans.


periductal breast myoepitheliosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells around small breast ducts.


skin infiltrative basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma presenting as a pale, indurated plaque, usually in the upper trunk or face. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of strands, cords, and columns of basaloid cells infiltrating the dermis. Perineural invasion may be present and the basaloid cell infiltrate may extend into deeper tissues.


giant hemangioma

description: A cavernous hemangioma characterized by the presence of hylanized vascular channels and is often associated with the presence of calcifications, fibrosis, and hemorrhage.


urethra adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the urethra


name: hypercalcemic type ovarian small cell carcinoma

description: An undifferentiated small cell carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is associated with hypercalcemia. Electron microscopic studies show neurosecretory granules are either absent or, when present, are in small numbers.


eyelid carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the eyelid.


invasive carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that is not confined to the epithelium, and has spread to the surrounding stroma.


name: infiltrating renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive urothelial carcinoma that affects the renal pelvis and ureter.


ovarian papillary tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations. Representative examples include surface papilloma, borderline serous surface papillary tumor, and serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.


name: pulmonary type ovarian small cell carcinoma

description: An aggressive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the ovary. Morphologically, it resembles the small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung.


scrotal hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the skin of the scrotum.


name: ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma

description: A serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of a papillary architectural pattern.


epididymal adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the epididymis. It usually presents as a scrotal mass and may be associated with testicular pain.


bladder small cell carcinoma

description: A bladder carcinoma that is characterized as an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.


vulvar squamous neoplasm

description: A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vulva. Representative examples include vestibular papilloma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


superficial urinary bladder carcinoma

description: A term used by urologists to describe an infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder that has not invaded into the muscularis propria of the bladder wall regardless of histologic type or grade.


primary prostate urothelial carcinoma

description: An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic ducts or the prostatic urethra.


lacrimal gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: An extremely rare carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of infiltrating nests of epidermoid cells and mucus producing cells.


name: primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises centrally from the jaw. It derives from odontogenic epithelial remnants. It includes solid type squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma that arises from an odontogenic cyst, and squamous cell carcinoma that derives from a keratocystic odontogenic tumor.


bladder colloid adenocarcinoma

description: A rare primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Histologically it is characterized by malignant cells floating in pools of mucin.


name: Bartholin gland transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant urothelial-type epithelial cells.


endometrial transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare primary carcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells resembling urothelial transitional cells. The malignant transitional cells constitute at least 90% of the tumor cells.


bilateral breast carcinoma

description: Carcinoma that affects both breasts in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


name: urinary bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A highly aggressive carcinoma, histologically resembling small cell lung carcinoma. In most cases it is associated with carcinoma in situ.


conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm

description: A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the conjunctival squamous epithelium.


ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma

description: A very rare eccrine adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of prominent ductal differentiation.


Buschke Lowenstein tumor

description: A verrucous carcinoma of the skin or mucosa that occurs in the anogenital region.


subglottic hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the subglottic area.


vulvar keratoacanthoma-like carcinoma

description: A rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is self-limited and is characterized by the presence of a central crater that contains squamous cells. The proliferating squamous cells infiltrate the dermis below and produce keratin masses that are pushed towards the surface of the tumor.


mucinous ovarian cystadenoma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells.


vaginal squamous tumor

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vagina. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, squamous papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma.


seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle


papilloma of eyelid

description: A papilloma that involves the eyelid.


vulvar sebaceous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant basaloid glandular epithelial cells that resemble sebaceous epithelium and are arranged in cords and nests.


verrucous hemangioma

description: A skin hemangioma characterized by the presence of epidermal hyperplasia.


thymus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of keratinizing or non-keratinizing malignant squamous cells. Approximately 10-20% of cases occur in combination with thymoma. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage and the degree of cellular differentiation.


retinal hemangioblastoma

description: A hemangioblastoma that arises from the retina. It is typically a sign of von Hippel-Lindau disease. It may also be seen as an isolated entity without systemic involvement.


papillary cystadenoma

description: A serous or mucinous benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of glandular epithelial cells forming papillary structures.


name: mucin-rich endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma


salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the salivary gland characterized by serous acinar cell differentiation. The vast majority of cases occur in the parotid gland. It usually presents as a slowly enlarging mass. A minority of patients experience pain. It may recur or metastasize. Multiple recurrences and metastasis to cervical lymph nodes are usually associated with a poor prognosis.


lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland


secondary carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from a pre-existing lower grade epithelial lesion, or as a result of a primary carcinoma that has spread to secondary sites, or due to a complication of a cancer treatment.


Wyburn-Mason syndrome

description: Wyburn-Mason syndrome or Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome is characterized by the association of arteriovenous malformations of the maxilla, retina, optic nerve, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.


mucinous cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


acinar cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the acinar cell


scirrhous adenocarcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of desmoplastic stromal reaction.


bone ameloblastoma

description: A ameloblastoma that involves the bone tissue.


description: A neoplastic process that affects the squamous epithelium of the cervix. It is classified as cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia 1, 2, or 3, according to the degree of squamous cell maturation and cellular atypia, and the number of mitotic figures.


breast apocrine carcinoma in situ

description: A ductal breast carcinoma in situ, characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with apocrine differentiation.


name: pituitary gland mixed eosinophil-basophil adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the squamous epithelium.


name: nasal cavity and paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare, keratinizing or non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity or the paranasal sinuses. It affects most often the maxillary sinus. Less frequently, it arises from the nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and frontal sinus. Symptoms include nasal fullness, epistaxis, rhinorhea, pain, and paresthesia. Patients with nasal squamous cell carcinoma usually present earlier than patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma and have a better prognosis compared to the latter group.


warty dyskeratoma

description: A rare, usually solitary, benign epithelial tumor of the skin that appears to arise from a hair follicle. It usually develops in the head and neck region as a nodular lesion with a central keratotic plug.


name: infiltrating ureter transitional cell carcinoma


benign epithelial skin neoplasm

description: A form of epithelial skin neoplasm without malignant characteristics.


cystic, mucinous, and serous neoplasm

description: Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.


bladder squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder arising from metaplastic epithelium. It represents less than 10% of bladder carcinomas. The exception is the Middle East along the Nile Valley, where it represents the most common form of carcinoma because of the endemic nature of schistosomiasis. Bladder squamous cell carcinoma is often associated with long-standing chronic inflammation of the bladder and usually has a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder should be reserved for those tumors that are predominantly keratin forming.


name: partially involuting congenital hemangioma

description: A clinical subtype of congenital hemangioma that begins as a rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH) but fails to completely involute and persists as a non-involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH)-like lesion


name: large cell keratinizing variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells that exhibit keratinization.


clear cell papillary cystadenoma

description: A benign cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic clear or hobnail cells which form papillary structures. There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


lobular neoplasia

description: A spectrum of non-invasive neoplastic lesions that arise from the terminal ductal lobular units of the breast. There is atypical small epithelial cell proliferation. Pagetoid involvement of the terminal ducts may or may not be present. In the minority of cases, there is a risk for subsequent development of invasive ductal or invasive lobular carcinoma.


uterus carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a uterus.


endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A clear cell adenocarcinoma that involves the endometrium.


name: skin fibroepithelial basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma presenting as an elevated or erythematous nodular lesion usually in the back. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of cords of basaloid cells extending from the epidermis into the dermis, creating a fenestrating pattern. It follows an indolent course.


sphenoidal sinus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the sphenoidal sinus.


villous adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm morphologically characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern. Most often it occurs in the large intestine, small intestine, and the stomach in which the neoplastic epithelial cells show dysplastic features. It may also arise in the urinary bladder, urethra, and vagina.


bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm

description: A papillary epithelial neoplasm that involves the urinary bladder urothelium.


external ear squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin of the external ear.


squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is entirely composed of squamous cells.


congenital hemangioma

description: A hemangioma present and fully formed at birth. The different types are Rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas (RICH), Partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH) and Non-involuting congenital hemangiomas (NICH).


spindle cell hemangioma

description: Spindle cell hemangioma (SCH), also known as spindle cell hemangioendothelioma, is a rare benign vascular tumor either solitary or multiple, characterized by cavernous blood vessels separated by spindle cells reminiscent of those in KaposiBs sarcoma and located in the dermis and subcutis.


breast myoepithelial tumor

description: A benign or malignant tumor that arises from the breast and originates from or is composed of myoepithelial cells. Representative examples include adenomyoepithelioma, myoepitheliosis, and malignant myoepithelioma.


breast ductal adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that is located within the lumen of a duct in the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of glandular structures at the periphery and fibrous tissue at the center of the tumor.


breast malignant eccrine spiradenoma

description: A rare tumor characterized by malignant transformation of an eccrine spiradenoma of the breast.


Bartholin gland adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and malignant squamous epithelial cells.


prostate squamous cell carcinoma

description: An invasive prostate carcinoma characterized by the presence of squamous differentiation of the malignant cellular infiltrate. There is no evidence of glandular differentiation.


name: osteosarcoma arising in bone Paget disease

description: A sarcomatous transformation of pre-existing Paget disease of the bone. Osteosarcomas arising from Paget disease of the bone are high grade lesions and usually have a poor prognosis.


skin papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplastic growth on the skin composed of epithelial cells and a fibrous stalk. It usually develops in the eyelid, axilla, neck, upper chest, and groin.


renal cell adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising from the renal parenchyma. There is a strong correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of renal cell carcinoma. The clinical presentation includes : hematuria, flank pain and a palpable lumbar mass. A high percentage of renal cell carcinomas are diagnosed when an ultrasound is performed for other purposes. Radical nephrectomy is the standard intervention procedure. Renal cell carcinoma is generally considered to be resistant to radiation treatment and chemotherapy.


rete ovarii adenocarcinoma

description: An exceptionally rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the rete ovarii.


ovarian clear cell tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary that is characterized by a predominance of clear and hobnail cells.


mucinous cystadenoma

description: A benign or low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm composed of cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It may arise from the ovary, pancreas, appendix, and lung.


thymic basaloid carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of tumor cell lobules with peripheral palisading, and a basophilic staining pattern. More than half of reported cases were associated with the presence of a multilocular thymic cyst. Metastases to lung and liver have been reported in approximately 30% of cases.


thyroid gland macrofollicular adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of large size follicles.


non-involuting congenital hemangioma

description: Non-involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH) is a rare type of infantile hemangioma, which is a tumor that forms from the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the skin. NICH looks like an oval,purplish mark or bump that can occur on any part of the body. NICH is present from birth (congenital) and increases in size as the child grows. Unlike other hemangiomas, NICH do not disappear spontaneously (involute).


ceruminous carcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma derived from ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal.


Her2-receptor negative breast cancer

description: A breast adenocarcinoma that is negative for the expression of the HER2 receptor.


noninvasive malignant thymoma

description: A morphologically malignant thymoma that is entirely confined within the capsule.


basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.


benign mesonephroma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm of the female reproductive system arising from mesonephric remnants.


papillary carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern. A papillary carcinoma may be composed of glandular cells (papillary adenocarcinoma), squamous cells (papillary squamous cell carcinoma), or transitional cells (papillary transitional cell carcinoma). Bladder carcinoma is a representative example of papillary transitional cell carcinoma.


name: non-invasive verrucous carcinoma of the penis


urothelial papilloma

description: A rare benign condition, characterized by a papillary growth in the urinary tract with a central fibrovascular core. The latter is lined by normal urothelium.


name: adenoid cystic carcinoma of the corpus uteri

description: A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the body of uterus.


bone epithelioid hemangioma

description: A locally aggressive hemangioma that arises from the bone. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.


plantar verrucous skin carcinoma

description: A verrucous carcinoma that involves the plantar part of pes.


benign basal cell neoplasm

description: A neoplasm composed of basal cells that remains localized and does not metastasize to other anatomic sites.


breast epithelioid hemangioma

description: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells, arising from the breast.


name: paranasal sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A rare adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the paranasal sinuses. It usually has an aggressive clinical course characterized by high recurrence rates and distant metastases.


breast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tall columnar neoplastic cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Grossly, cystic changes are identified.


carcinoma of Cowper glands

description: A carcinoma that involves the bulbo-urethral gland.


name: non-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Stage 0 includes: 0a (Ta, N0, M0); 0is (Tis, N0, M0). Ta: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: "flat tumor". N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: breast large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of large neuroendocrine cells and high mitotic activity.


chromophil adenoma of the kidney

description: A controversial term, used for renal papillary lesions which measure 1cm or less in diameter and contain small, regular nuclei.


clear cell squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with a prominent clear cell component.


sclerosing breast papilloma

description: A breast papilloma characterized by the presence of predominant sclerosing architectural features.


labia majora carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the labia majora.


frontal sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the frontal sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


retroperitoneum carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the retroperitoneal space.


papilloma of buccal mucosa

description: A papilloma that involves the buccal mucosa.


cavernous hemangioma of orbit

description: A cavernous hemangioma arising from the orbit.


endometrial small cell carcinoma

description: A primary carcinoma of the endometrium that is similar to the small cell carcinoma of the lung, histologically.


skin lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma arising from the skin.


ovarian adenoma benign

description: A benign adenoma of ovary


familial keratoacanthoma

description: Multiple familial keratoacanthoma (KA) of Witten and Zak is a rare a rare inherited skin cancer syndrome and is characterized by the coexistence of features characteristic of both multiple KA, Ferguson Smith type and generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma, such as multiple small miliary-type lesions, larger self-healing lesions, and nodulo-ulcerative lesions. Lesions do not have a predilection for the mucosal surfaces. Transmission is autosomal dominant.


tubulovillous adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm morphologically characterized by the presence of a villous and a tubular architectural pattern. Most often it occurs in the large intestine, small intestine, and the stomach in which the neoplastic epithelial cells show dysplastic features.


name: cervical keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

description: A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratin pearls. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization are usually present.


thymic undifferentiated carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by an undifferentiated solid tumor growth, without associated sarcomatoid features.


signet ring basal cell carcinoma

description: A rare type of basal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of mucin containing signet ring cells.


hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

description: A breast carcinoma which is positive for expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and is negative for expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).


renal pelvis papillary tumor

description: A papillary tumor originating in the renal pelvis.


ovarian Brenner tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant transitional cell neoplasm arising from the ovary. It constitutes between 1% and 2% of all ovarian neoplasms. The average age at presentation is about 50 years. Grossly it is usually unilateral, firm and white or yellowish. Microscopically it consists of solid and cystic nests of epithelial cells resembling transitional epithelium surrounded by an abundant stromal component of dense, fibroblastic nature.


name: squamous cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the body of uterus.


syringocystadenoma papilliferum

description: A benign adnexal neoplasm occurring during childhood or adolescence. It usually presents as a papular lesion or a plaque on the head and neck. It may arise in an organoid nevus such as sebaceous. It is characterized by an endophytic invagination of the epithelium into the dermis. There are dermal cystic spaces present, containing villous projections. Complete excision is curative.


name: childhood renal cell carcinoma with MiT translocations

description: A renal cell carcinoma with MiT translocations that is characterized by a TFE3 or TFEB-rearranged renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


ovarian mucinous cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


name: cortisol-producing adrenal cortex adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces cortisol. It may be associated with Cushing syndrome. Clinical presentation includes weight gain, round face, easy bruising, muscle weakness, emotional changes, hirsutism, and hypertension.


basosquamous carcinoma

description: A basal cell carcinoma which displays squamous differentiation. The neoplastic cells have more abundant cytoplasm with more marked keratinization than typical basal cell carcinomas. It usually has a more aggressive clinical course compared to typical basal cell carcinoma, and it may produce regional or widespread metastases.


eyelid capillary hemangioma

description: A capillary hemangioma arising from the eyelid.


vaginal squamous papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular stalk lined by normal squamous epithelium. There is no evidence of atypia or relation to human papillomavirus.


endocervical adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the endocervix. It is the most common type of endocervical adenocarcinoma. The neoplastic epithelium shows a pseudostratified architecture and the malignant cells have enlarged, elongated, and hyperchromatic nuclei.


fallopian tube squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

description: A carcinoma arising in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma. It most often occurs in the parotid gland and less often in the submandibular gland and minor salivary gland. Patients usually present with a history of a long-standing mass which recently had undergone rapid growth. The prognosis depends on the invasiveness of the malignant component. Patients with non-invasive or minimally invasive tumors usually have a good prognosis following surgical resection. Invasive tumors are usually aggressive and are associated with recurrences and metastases.


name: sarcomatoid penile squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped cells.


mesonephric adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma of the cervix or the vagina arising from mesonephric remnants.


PAX6-related ocular dysgenesis

description: Any eye disorder in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PAX6 gene.


trichoblastoma

description: A benign hair follicle neoplasm with trichoblastic differentiation. It usually presents as a solitary papular lesion It most often presents on the head and neck area, but it may develop in any anatomic site containing hair follicles. Because of its benign nature, treatment usually is not required, provided that the diagnosis has been established with certainty.


adenocarcinoma in situ

description: A lesion in which the normally situated glands are partially or completely replaced by atypical cells with malignant characteristics.


mucinous ovarian cancer

description: An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract. It includes mucinous adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinofibroma.


lymphangioendothelioma

description: A lymphangioma characterized by the presence of collagen bundle formation. It has an indolent clinical course and may be associated with skin plaques.


name: acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma

description: Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma, occurring in the context of end-stage kidney disease and acquired cystic kidney disease, characterized by a usually well circumscribed, solid, multifocal, bilateral tumor with inter- or intracellular microlumen formation (leading to cribiform architecture). Tumors are often diagnosed incidentally in early stages, although complications caused by renal cysts (dull flank or abdominal pain, fever) or renal parenchymal bleeding may mask the underlying neoplastic process. Most have an indolent behavior.


name: Bartholin gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of islands of uniform malignant cells forming cribriform patterns.


vaginal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the vagina. Human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Signs and symptoms include painless bleeding, postcoital bleeding, and urinary tract symptoms. Morphologically it resembles squamous cell carcinomas in other anatomic sites. Radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for most cases. The prognosis is related to the stage of the disease.


malignant ovarian serous tumor

description: An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelium of the fallopian tube or, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features and marked nuclear atypia. It includes serous adenocarcinoma and serous adenocarcinofibroma.


name: well-differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma


benign breast adenomyoepithelioma

description: A benign, nodular tumor that arises from the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the proliferation of myoepithelial cells around spaces that are lined by epithelial cells. Occasionally, adenomyoepitheliomas may undergo malignant transformation.


intraductal breast myoepitheliosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells within small breast ducts.


mandibular arteriovenous malformation

description: Mandibular arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection of the arterial and venous vasculature, without capillary connections, in the mandibular area, commonly presenting with minor gingival bleeding, dental loosening, lower lip numbness, facial deformity and malocclusion. This usually high-flow vascular malformation may also present with potentially life-threatening, spontaneous, or tooth extraction-induced, hemorrhagic shock.


glomeruloid hemangioma

description: A hemangioma associated with Castleman disease and POEMS syndrome. The lesions affect the trunk and extremities and present as erythematous papules. (WHO 2018)


diffuse lymphatic malformation

description: A rare developmental defect during embryogenesis characterized by multifocal dilated lymphatic vessels involving multiple organs and tissues. Patients mostly present in infancy and childhood. Clinical course and prognosis depend on the affected sites and extent of the condition, deterioration of lung function being a major cause of morbidity and mortality.


name: fallopian tube clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube composed of malignant glandular epithelium containing clear cells.


name: bladder diffuse clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a diffuse pattern.


water-clear cell adenoma

description: A rare parathyroid gland adenoma composed of neoplastic cells with abundant cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells is usually not entirely clear, and is often variably vacuolated, foamy, and granular.


generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma

description: Generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma (GEKA) is rare variant of keratoacanthoma (KA) that affects the skin and mucous membranes and which is characterized by a sudden generalized eruption of severely pruritic, hundreds to thousands of small follicular papules, often with a central keratotic plug.


vulvar carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the mammalian vulva


juvenile breast papillomatosis

description: A benign, usually solitary, well circumscribed multicystic neoplasm that arises from the breast and typically affects young females. The cysts are lined by papillary proliferations that contain epithelial and myoepithelial layers. In a minority of cases, atypia may be present.


cervical serous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of papillary patterns and cellular budding. Psammoma bodies are often seen.


pituitary gland basophil adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with basic dyes.


renal pelvis inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the renal pelvis in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue.


paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, or sphenoid sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


vaginal adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: An adenoid cystic carcinoma that arises from the vagina. Myoepithelial cells are usually not present.


metatypical basal cell carcinoma

description: A skin carcinoma displaying cytological characteristics intermediate to nodular basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.


eye carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma in situ involving a eye.


ovarian surface papilloma

description: A benign serous neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations on the surface of the ovary.


skin basaloid carcinoma

description: A basaloid squamous cell carcinoma that involves the zone of skin.


Ehrlich tumor carcinoma

description: A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.


vulvar eccrine adenocarcinoma

description: An eccrine adenocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


skin adenoid basal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of basal cell carcinoma morphologically characterized by the presence of thin strands of basaloid cells forming a reticulate pattern.


name: female breast lower-inner quadrant cancer


urethra transitional cell carcinoma

description: A transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the male or female urethra.


capillary lymphangioma

description: A lymphangioma that involves the capillary.


Paget disease

description: A malignant neoplasm composed of large cells with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale cytoplasm (Paget cells). Paget cell neoplasms include Paget disease of the nipple and extramammary Paget disease which may affect the vulva, penis, anus, skin and scrotum.


cervical mullerian papilloma

description: A rare, benign, papillary neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core covered by mucinous epithelial cells.


bladder urachal adenocarcinoma

description: A adenocarcinoma that involves the urachus.


cervical adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from the cervical epithelium. It accounts for approximately 15% of invasive cervical carcinomas. Increased numbers of sexual partners and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors. Grossly, advanced cervical adenocarcinoma may present as an exophytic mass, an ulcerated lesion, or diffuse cervical enlargement. Microscopically, the majority of cervical adenocarcinomas are of the endocervical (mucinous) type.


acquired hemangioma

description: A hemangioma that is not present at birth but develops later in life.


familial medullary thyroid carcinoma

description: An instance of thyroid medullary carcinoma that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


desmoplastic ameloblastoma

description: An ameloblastoma with prominent desmoplastic stroma that causes compression of the neoplastic epithelial islands.


infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma

description: A rare type of basal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by multiple tiny cysts lined by infundibular epithelium.


ovarian serous tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that, in well differentiated tumors, resemble the epithelial cells of the fallopian tube and, in poorly differentiated tumors, show anaplastic features. Approximately thirty to fifty percent of the tumors are bilateral. Grossly, the better differentiated tumors consist of cystic masses, usually unilocular, containing a clear but sometimes viscous fluid. Papillary formations are often present. The more malignant tumors tend to be solid and invasive, with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.


endocervical carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the endocervix.


name: carcinoma arising in nasal papillomatosis

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that either arises from or is associated with the presence of inverted papilloma in the nose.


papillary transitional cell carcinoma

description: A non-invasive or invasive transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern. It may occur in the bladder or the renal pelvis.


lacrimal gland squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the lacrimal gland.


carcinoma in situ of renal pelvis

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the renal pelvis.


name: villoglandular endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of numerous finger-like villi lined by neoplastic columnar cells.


ureter urothelial papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that produces visible warty projections from the epithelial surface of the ureter.


epithelial skin neoplasm

description: A epithelial neoplasm that involves the zone of skin.


uterine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma involving a uterus.


name: aldosterone-producing adrenal cortex adenoma

description: An adenoma of the adrenal cortex that produces aldosterone. It may be associated with Conn syndrome. Clinical presentation includes hypertension, hypokalemia, and muscle weakness.


name: thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, non-small cell, poorly differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, characterized by the presence of a high mitotic rate and, almost always, necrosis.


renal pelvis adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the renal pelvis


mucin-producing carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells which produce mucin.


signet ring cell carcinoma

description: A usually aggressive, poorly differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by the presence of intracytoplasmic mucus. It may arise from the stomach, small and large intestine, ampulla of Vater, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, lung, bladder, breast, and prostate gland.


adenosquamous prostate carcinoma

description: An infrequent invasive carcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of both glandular and squamous neoplastic components. It is more often located in the transitional zone of the prostate gland and it tends to rapidly metastasize to the bones.


intra-abdominal hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from organs within the abdominal cavity.


skin hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the skin.


bladder urothelial papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm of the bladder that involves the transitional epithelium projecting above the surrounding epithelial surface and consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


name: acantholytic variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by cellular discohesion resulting in a pseudoangiosarcomatous pattern.


malignant hemangioma

description: A malignant form of hemangioma.


intraductal papillomatosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the presence of multiple intraductal papillomas.


parathyroid gland clear cell adenoma

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly of neoplastic cells with clear cytoplasm.


name: human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


ovarian endometrioid cystadenoma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by endometrial-type well-differentiated cells.


vaginal mullerian papilloma

description: A benign papilloma that arises from the vagina in infants and young women.


cornea squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the cornea.


keratoacanthoma

description: A dome-shaped, rapidly growing skin lesion composed of well differentiated squamous cells. It represents a proliferation of the infundibular epithelium of the hair follicle and its morphologic distinction from a well differentiated carcinoma may be difficult or impossible. Keratoacanthomas affect males more frequently than females and the majority tend to regress spontaneously. It has been suggested that keratoacanthoma represents a distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.


name: lacrimal gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

description: A carcinoma arising in a pre-existing pleomorphic adenoma in the lacrimal gland.


name: pseudovascular skin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin histologically resembling a vascular tumor due to extreme acantholysis.


frontal sinus inverted papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the frontal sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


malignant type AB thymoma

description: A type AB thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma

description: A mucoepidermoid carcinoma that involves the zone of skin.


comedocarcinoma

description: A high grade carcinoma characterized by the presence of comedo-type of tumor cell necrosis in which the necrotic areas are surrounded by a solid proliferation of malignant pleomorphic cells.


tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma

description: Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma is an extremely rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma most frequently characterized by a small, solitary, well-circumscribed, unencapsulated renal tumor composed of multiple small to medium-sized cysts with a white or gray, spongy ("bubble wrap-like") cut surface. Patients are usually asymptomatic or could manifest with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and/or hematuria. Progression, recurrence and metastasis rarely occur although lymph node, bone, pleura and liver mestatsis have been reported.


deep hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the deep soft tissues.


brain stem hemangioblastoma

description: A hemangioblastoma that involves the brainstem.


name: acantholytic squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin. It is characterized by loosening of the intercellular bridges between the malignant cells which results in acantholysis.


hemangioma of orbit

description: A hemangioma arising from the orbit.


cherry hemangioma

description: A capillary hemangioma of the skin, presenting as a red papular lesion.


name: non-invasive bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm

description: A papillary neoplasm of the urinary bladder in which the transitional cells form papillae. The papillary structures exhibit minimal architectural distortion and minimal atypia. Mitoses are infrequent. Patients are at an increased risk of developing new papillary lesions. Occasionally, the new lesions are urothelial carcinomas.


mucinous adenofibroma

description: A benign adenofibroma characterized by the presence of epithelial cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin and a fibrotic stroma. A representative example is the ovarian mucinous adenofibroma. Cases with epithelial atypia described in the ovary lacking stromal invasion are designated as borderline mucinous adenofibromas and have a low grade malignant potential.


pyogenic granuloma

description: A disorder of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the gingiva, that usually presents as a solitary polypoid capillary hemangioma often resulting from trauma. It is manifested as an inflammatory response with similar characteristics to those of a granuloma.


cervix squamous papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the squamous epithelium of the cervix.


bladder urachal urothelial carcinoma

description: A transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder that arises from the urachal epithelium.


adenosquamous breast carcinoma

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of tubular and glandular neoplastic cell structures, admixed with islands of neoplastic cells showing squamous differentiation.


bladder hepatoid adenocarcinoma

description: A hepatoid adenocarcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


lymphangiosarcoma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from the endothelial cells of the lymphatic vessels.


hemangioma of choroid

description: A hemangioma that involves the optic choroid.


penis verrucous carcinoma

description: A slow growing, locally recurring, very well differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. The neoplastic infiltrate extends into the underlying stroma with a pushing border. Koilocytotic atypia is not present.


name: progesterone-receptor negative breast cancer


bone squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the bone tissue.


name: female breast upper-inner quadrant cancer


invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma

description: An invasive ductal breast carcinoma associated with a lobular carcinomatous component. The lobular carcinomatous component may be in situ or invasive.


metastatic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: thyroid carcinoma, nonmedullary, with or without cell oxyphilia


metastatic carcinoma in the bone

description: A carcinoma that has spread to the bone from another, primary anatomic site. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of metastatic carcinoma. Common sites of origin include lung, breast, and prostate.


name: fallopian tube transitional cell carcinoma

description: A rare transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


name: primary peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare, serous adenocarcinoma that diffusely involves the pelvic peritoneum seen predominantly in elderly postmenopausal women. Exclusion of serous carcinoma arising from the ovary and fimbrial end of fallopian tube is required to diagnose the above entity.


benign ovarian mucinous tumor

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelium that resembles the epithelium of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract. It includes mucinous adenofibroma, mucinous cystadenofibroma, and mucinous cystadenoma.


chest wall parachordoma

description: A parachordoma arising from the chest wall.


oncocytic breast carcinoma

description: A rare breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic oncocytic cells. The oncocytic cells comprise more than 70 percent of the malignant cellular population.


sympathetic paraganglioma

description: A benign or malignant paraganglioma arising from the chromaffin cells of the paraganglia that are located along the sympathetic nerves. It includes extra-adrenal paragangliomas and paragangliomas that arise from the adrenal medulla. The latter are commonly referred to as pheochromocytomas. Representative examples of extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas include the bladder, and superior and inferior paraaortic paragangliomas. Clinical signs are related to the secretion of catecholamines resulting in hypertension.


middle ear adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the middle ear


lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma

description: A adenoid cystic carcinoma that involves the lacrimal gland.


endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A primary endometrial adenocarcinoma composed of neoplastic cells that form complex glandular patterns associated with budding and branching of the neoplastic glands. The neoplastic glands resemble those of the normal endometrium and may or may not be associated with sheet-like proliferation of malignant cells. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most commonly seen morphologic variant of endometrial adenocarcinoma.


benign epithelial neoplasm

description: A neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells. It is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (severe cytologic atypia, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic rate). Benign epithelial neoplasms remain confined to the original site of growth and only rarely metastasize to other anatomic sites.


perineural angioma

description: A hemangioma arising from perineural tissues.


bladder papillary urothelial carcinoma

description: An invasive or non-invasive papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. It is classified as low - or high-grade. -- 2003


intestinal type adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from epithelium which has undergone intestinal metaplasia. Representative examples include gastric, gallbladder, and ampulla of Vater intestinal type adenocarcinomas.


name: sarcomatoid squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with a prominent spindle cell component.


thymoma, familial

description: An instance of thymoma (disease) that is caused by an inherited modification of the individual's genome.


skin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising from the squamous cells of the epidermis. Skin squamous cell carcinoma is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas. The majority of the tumors are well-differentiated.


Krebs 2 carcinoma

description: Carcinoma having known association to krebs2 gene mutation


plexiform ameloblastoma

description: A histologic variant of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of basal cells forming anastomosing strands and cords in a delicate stroma.


name: angioma serpiginosum, autosomal dominant


eccrine papillary adenoma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It is characterized by the presence of eccrine ducts in the dermis containing intraluminal papillary projections.


renal adenoma

description: An adenoma arising from the renal cortex.


name: transitional cell carcinoma of the corpus uteri

description: A transitional cell carcinoma that involves the body of uterus.


angioma serpiginosum

description: Angioma serpiginosum (AS) is a benign congenital skin disease characterized by progressive dilation of the subepidermal skin vessels manifesting as purple punctate lesions usually appearing on the lower limbs and buttocks and following the lines of Blaschko.


ovarian mucinous adenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of glands with mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


name: growth hormone-producing pituitary gland neoplasm

description: An adenoma or carcinoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces growth hormone.


nasal cavity carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the nasal cavity


frontonasal arteriovenous malformation

description: Frontonasal arteriovenous malformation is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by abnormal communication between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary bed, located in the frontonasal area. It may present with intermittent nasal bleeding, blurred vision, pustule formation and/or disfigurement. Overlying skin may be of normal appearance or may manifest a red, pulsatile mass with local rise of temperature. Other features may include pain, ulceration, excessive growth and/or congestive heart failure.


combined carcinoid and adenocarcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of a mixture of neuroendocrine cells with morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of carcinoid tumor and malignant glandular cells.


papillary eccrine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the eccrine glands. It consists of dilated ducts with papillary projections.


papillary thymic adenocarcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic adenocarcinoma, characterized by a papillary growth pattern. There are only a few published cases, and no good data regarding prognosis.


metaplastic breast carcinoma

description: A group of invasive breast carcinomas characterized by the presence of an adenocarcinomatous component which is admixed with a dominant component that is composed of squamous cells, spindle cells, or mesenchymal cells.


angiokeratoma of mibelli

description: A type of angiokeratoma that typically presents in women on the dorsa of fingers and toes and multiple dark red papules with a slightly verrucous surface, each measuring about 3-5 mm in diameter.


pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the formation of gland-like structures.


breast capillary hemangioma

description: A capillary hemangioma arising from the breast.


eccrine carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma with eccrine differentiation arising from the sweat glands. It includes the following subtypes: ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma, papillary eccrine carcinoma, and eccrine porocarcinoma.


name: low grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

description: An intraepithelial lesion of the vulvar squamous epithelium that represents the clinical and morphological manifestation of a productive HPV infection. Low grade refers to the associated low risk of concurrent or future cancer. (WHO, 2014)


breast papillary carcinoma

description: A breast carcinoma characterized by the formation of irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma covered with neoplastic epithelial cells.


cystic hygroma

description: A benign lymphatic neoplasm usually arising from the neck and characterized by cystic dilation of the lymphatic vessels.


trachea carcinoma in situ

description: A carcinoma that arises from the tracheal mucosa and is confined to the epithelial layer without evidence of further tissue invasion.


clear cell hidradenoma

description: An uncommon benign neoplasm of the sweat glands characterized by the presence of clear cells.


thymoma type B

description: An epithelial neoplasm arising from the thymus. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It includes thymoma type B1 which is a thymoma of low grade malignant potential, thymoma type B2 which is a thymoma of moderate malignancy, and thymoma type B3 which is also known as well differentiated thymic carcinoma.


macrocystic lymphatic malformation

description: A lymphangioma characterized by the presence of thin-walled cavernous lymphatic spaces.


name: renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions

description: A group of kidney carcinomas characterized by the presence of different translocations involving the chromosome Xp11.2. These translocations result in the creation of gene fusions involving the TFE3 gene. Patients are usually children and young adults. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells form papillary patterns.


maxillary sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the maxillary sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


name: fallopian tube gestational choriocarcinoma

description: A malignant trophoblastic tumor that arises from the fallopian tube during pregnancy.


serous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A malignant serous cystic neoplasm usually involving the ovary or the pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of invasive malignant glandular epithelial cells which often form papillary structures.


lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma

description: A rare, usually aggressive primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by a syncytial growth of undifferentiated carcinoma cells and the presence of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. More than 40% of cases are associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.


squamous carcinoma in situ

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm confined to the squamous epithelium, without invasion of the underlying tissues.


mixed cell adenoma

description: An adenoma characterized by the presence of a mixed epithelial cell population.