Gum Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the gums.


name: Inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia of oral mucous membrane caused by denture

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A benign fibrous hyperplasia in the oral mucosa caused by the prolonged wear of ill-fitting denture.


Amegakaryocytosis

description: A non-neoplastic, congenital or non-congenital disorder charcaterized by marked reduction or absence of megakaryocytes and thrombocytopenia.


name: Metastatic Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Lugano Classification Stage II Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Lacrimal Gland Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma

description: A rare, slow-growing carcinoma that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of duct-like structures lined by two layers of cells, an inner layer composed of epithelial-type cells and an outer layer composed of clear, myoepithelial-type cells.


name: FIGO Stage IA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


name: Testicular Neuroendocrine Tumor, Prepubertal-Type

description: A rare, usually well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the testis. It usually affects adults, and a minority of patients have carcinoid syndrome. It may occur in isolation or, less frequently, be associated with testicular teratoma. The majority of cases are not associated with isochromosome 12p or germ cell neoplasia in situ. The clinical course is usually benign.


name: Adult Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

description: Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during adulthood.


description: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IVA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage IVA includes: IVA (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0).  N2: Bilateral regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


Stage IV Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma involving adjacent and distant organs. (FIGO 2009)


Secondary hemochromatosis

description: Hemochromatosis that is not inherited and is caused by iron overload from excessive consumption, multiple transfusions, or disorders of erythropoiesis.


Astler-Coller C1 Rectal Carcinoma

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1-T2, N0, M0); IIIB (T3-T4, N1, M0); IIIC (Any T, N2, M0).  N1: Metastasis in 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 4 or more regional lymph nodes. (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Stage IIIA Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: T4, N0, M0.  T4: Stomach/duodenum/ampulla/jejunum/ileum: tumor invades visceral peritoneum (serosa) or invades other organs or adjacent structures; colon or rectum: tumor invades peritoneum or other organs.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Cataract associated with radiation

description: A cataract resulting from exposure to radiation.


Intermediary Metabolism Disorder

description: An inborn metabolic disorder affecting the intermediary metabolism process. It results in accumulation of substances in the body that can cause acute or chronic intoxication.


Dyskinesia with Orofacial Involvement

description: A genetic condition associated with mutation(s) in the ADCY5 gene, encoding adenylate cyclase 5. It is characterized by abnormal involuntary movements with orofacial involvement.


Childhood Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma

description: A pilomyxoid astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Non-Neoplastic Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


Fetal Chorionic Vasculitis

description: A neutrophilic infiltrate arising from fetal vessels in the chorionic plate and oriented towards the amniotic cavity.


Zinc deficiency

description: A genetic or acquired metabolic disorder that is associated with zinc deficiency in the tissues.


Merkel Cell Carcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of Merkel cell carcinoma (primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma), following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system.


name: Refractory Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

description: Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Gallbladder Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the gallbladder.


name: Hereditary Malignant Urinary System Neoplasm

description: A malignant urinary system neoplasm that has developed in relatives of patients with a history of malignant urinary system neoplasm.


Neoplasm of musculoskeletal system

description: A benign, intermediate, or malignant neoplasm that affects muscles and bones.


name: Low Grade Broad Ligament Serous Adenocarcinoma

description: A slow-growing serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the broad ligament. It is characterized by the presence of low grade cytologic features and infrequent mitotic figures.


Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum

description: A sweat gland carcinoma usually arising from a pre-existing syringocystadenoma papilliferum.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Monoallelic CEBPA Mutation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with single mutations of the CEBPA gene.


Stage IB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth. (FIGO 2009)


name: Locally Advanced Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater and has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

description: Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of focal or extensive neuroendocrine differentiation.


Cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects the skin. It manifests with skin papules and plaques.


Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle

description: An atypical proliferation of atypical melanocytes in the dermal-epidermal junction, without infiltration of the papillary or reticular dermis. The melanocytic proliferation is associated with actinic damage and epidermal atrophy.  It usually occurs in the sun-exposed skin of elderly people.  It is a form of melanoma in situ.


Malignant neoplasm of stomach stage I

description: Stage I includes: IA (T1, N0, M0); IB (T2, N0, M0); (T1, N1, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Breast Adenolipoma

description: A breast hamartoma characterized by the presence of adipose tissue that contains entrapped glands.


name: Pathologic Stage IVB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1, Any G. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with maturation occurring in adults.


Tertiary Parathyroid Gland Hyperplasia

description: Parathyroid gland hyperplasia that results from progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in which the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone autonomously, despite the presence of elevated parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in the serum.


Adult Oligodendroglial Tumor

description: An oligodendroglial tumor of the central nervous system occurring in adults.


Recurrent Myelofibrosis

description: The reemergence of myelofibrosis after a period of remission.


Metastatic Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma

description: Mesonephric adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Locally Advanced Genitourinary System Carcinoma

description: A genitourinary system carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

description: A cutaneous form of leishmaniasis which sometimes occurs after visceral leishmaniasis treatment.  It is characterized by hypo-pigmented macules, papules, plaques, nodules, or facial erythema; and is considered to be a durable infection reservoir for visceral leishmaniasis.


Vulvar Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of vulvar cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to all carcinomas of the vulva. Melanoma of the vulva is staged according to the classification for melanoma of the skin. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the digestive system. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Foregut Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A neuroendocrine tumor grade 1 that arises from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.


Low lying placenta

description: A condition in which the placental edge is within 2 cm of but not covering the cervical os.


Refractory Prostate Adenocarcinoma

description: Prostate adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Childhood Mullerian Papilloma

description: Mullerian papilloma that occurs during childhood.


name: Metastatic Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

description: Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma which has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Non dystrophic myotonia

description: A group of rare skeletal muscle ion-channel disorders caused by genetic mutations in the sodium and chloride channel genes. It is characterized by altered membrane excitability resulting in skeletal muscle stiffness. This group of myotonias is distinct from myotonic dystrophy because of the absence of systemic features or progressive weakness.


Traditional Serrated Adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the large intestine and the appendix.  It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands.


name: Acute on chronic graft-versus-host disease

description: Sudden decompensation of chronic graft versus host disease.


Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of vulva

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the vulva from another anatomic site.


Stage IA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1, pN0, M0.  T1: Primary tumor equal or less than 2 cm in size.  pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis by pathologic examination.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th Ed.)


Borderline Exocrine Pancreatic Neoplasm

description: A group of epithelial neoplasms that arise from the exocrine pancreatic tissue and have the potential to evolve into invasive malignant neoplasms.  This group includes the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, non-invasive pancreatic mucinous-cystic neoplasms, pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms, and pancreatic intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms.


name: Metastatic Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


S-Beta Thalassemia

description: A disorder characterized by the body's inability to synthesize beta-globin chains, leading to the formation of abnormal hemoglobin and anemia. This inherited autosomal recessive blood disorder is caused by germline mutation of the HBB gene.


name: Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11 occurring in adults.


Stage IV Bone Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N0, M1a, Any G); IVB: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Metastasis in the lung. M1b: Metastasis in the bone or other distant sites. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Stage IA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor limited to the pancreas, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


name: Recurrent Endometrial Mixed Cell Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of endometrial mixed cell adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Refractory Malignant Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

description: Malignant nongerminomatous germ cell tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Carcinoma in situ of ampulla of Vater

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Poorly Differentiated Fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissue.  It is characterized by the presence of poorly-differentiated spindle-shaped fibroblasts, collagenous stroma formation and increased mitotic activity.


Urethral Condyloma Acuminatum

description: A sexually transmitted papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelial surface of the urethra, and caused by the human papillomavirus.


Acquired Factor I Deficiency

description: An acquired coagulation disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of fibrinogen (factor I) activity in the blood.


Musculoskeletal Deformity

description: Congenital or acquired deformity of the musculoskeletal system.


Compound Spitz Nevus

description: A Spitz nevus characterized by the presence of both junctional and dermal melanocytic components.


Esophageal Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of esophageal carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Well Differentiated Fibrosarcoma

description: A well-differentiated malignant neoplasm arising from the deep soft tissues.  It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


Diplegia

description: Paralysis affecting corresponding parts on both sides of the body.


Refractory Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

description: Endometrial adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Luminal B Prostate Carcinoma

description: Prostate carcinoma associated with increased androgen receptor expression and signaling (androgen activity pathway), increased luminal markers, and a higher proliferation score than the luminal A prostate carcinoma. Patients with luminal B prostate carcinoma have the poorest prognosis but respond better to postoperative androgen deprivation therapy compared to patients with non-luminal B prostate carcinoma.


Toxic methemoglobinemia with cyanosis

description: Blue skin coloration due to elevated blood levels of methemoglobin. The degree of cyanosis is directly correlated to the concentration of methemoglobin in the blood. As methemoglobin is not suitable for carrying oxygen, hypoxemia becomes a serious sequela.


name: Metastatic Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Pancreatic adenocarcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm that affects the peritoneum and/or retroperitoneum.


name: Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis stage I subdiaphragmatic


name: acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3) (q21.3;q26.2) or t(3;3) (q21.3;q26.2)

description: An acute myeloid leukemia associated with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) resulting in the reposition of a distal GATA2 enhancer to activate MECOM expression. It may present de novo or follow a myelodysplastic syndrome. The clinical course is aggressive.


name: Clinical Stage 0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: High-grade dysplasia, defined as malignant cells confined to the epithelium by the basement membrane. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Psoriatic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

description: A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis with a personal or family history of psoriasis, and features such as dactylitis and nail dystrophy.


Hepatic Thrombosis

description: Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the lumen of the veins in the liver or hepatic artery.


Non-Neoplastic Soft Tissue Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the soft tissue.


Hyperplasia of pituitary gland

description: A rare condition characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the pituitary gland. It is caused by hypersecretion of hypothalamic stimulating hormones.


Recurrent Malignant Skin Neoplasm

description: Reemergence of a malignant skin neoplasm after a period of remission.


Recurrent Malignant Scrotal Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant scrotal neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Metastatic malignant neoplasm to esophagus

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the esophagus from another organ or system, or from another primary esophageal tumor. The primary esophageal tumor is not in continuity with the metastatic lesion. Representative examples of metastatic cancers to the esophagus include breast and lung metastatic carcinomas and melanomas.


Adenomatosis, Pulmonary

description: This is a non-human neoplastic process described in sheep.


cell-associated neurotoxicity

description: Neurotoxicity associated with immune effector cell therapy. It may be characterized by aphasia, altered level of consciousness, motor weakness, seizures, and cerebral edema.


Recurrent Visual Pathway Glioma

description: The reemergence of visual pathway glioma after a period of remission.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with ZRSR2 Mutation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia associated with ZRSR2 gene mutation.


Stage IIIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3-4, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 1-4; T3: Prostate cancer with extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures. T4: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Cutaneous T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

description: T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma that affects the skin.


name: Recurrent Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Invasive Pancreatic Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma

description: An invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant cells located within artifactual clear stromal spaces.


Subphrenic Abscess

description: An abscess that is located in the anatomical space between the diaphragm and the liver and/or spleen.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with MECOM Rearrangement

description: Acute myeloid leukemia characterized by rearrangement of the MECOM gene with various genes.


Stage III Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma involving lower vagina, pelvic sidewall, and ureters. (FIGO 2009)


Insomnia exacerbated

description: Insomnia that is made worse by other factors, including pain, physiological or psychological disorders, external causes, or pharmacologic interventions.


name: Recurrent Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of a neuroendocrine carcinoma in any part of the digestive system after a period of remission.


name: Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance

description: Clinically meaningful cytopenia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. Clonal hematopoiesis is present with the variant allele frequency (VAF) equal or more that 2 percent. There is no other evidence of hematologic malignancy.


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IB2 includes: T1b2, N0, M0. T1b2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and equal or less than 4 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


name: Chronic combined systolic and diastolic heart failure

description: Chronic heart failure due to reduced contractility of the left ventricle and which does not fill properly due to decreased compliance.


name: Locally Advanced Appendix Adenocarcinoma

description: Appendix adenocarcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Refractory HIV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: HIV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder that is resistant to treatment.


Refractory Barrett Esophagus

description: Dysplasia in Barrett esophagus that is resistant to treatment.


Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: A Merkel cell carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Intermediate Osteogenic Neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing, locally aggressive, bone-forming neoplasm.


Paratesticular Epithelial Neoplasm

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the paratesticular structures.


Dialysis dementia

description: A severe, often fatal encephalopathy which has been attributed to accumulation in the brain of aluminum from dialysate prepared with inadequately purified water.


name: Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell, Cleaved and Non-Cleaved

description: Antiquated term describing follicular (nodular) or diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are composed of a mixture of large cells: large cleaved cells, with irregular nuclei without visible nucleoli; and large non-cleaved cells (centroblasts), having a rounder nucleus with two to three small, peripherally placed nucleoli and a small amount of basophilic cytoplasm.  The follicular variants represent mature B-cell lymphomas, whereas the diffuse variants can be either mature B- or mature T-cell lymphomas.


Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy

description: A self-limiting cutaneous vasculitis that typically presents as a clinical triad of purpura, edema, and fever in children between the ages of four months and two years old. It is usually associated with a recent history of upper respiratory infection and/or antibiotic therapy.


description: A reactive cutaneous proliferation of macrophages associated with local trauma. It is characterized by the presence of giant cells with ground-glass cytoplasm. It presents as a single, asymptomatic, cutaneous or mucosal, firm xanthomatous to dark-red papule or nodule. (WHO 2018)


Low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma

description: A low-grade malignant neoplasm arising from the soft tissue and rarely bone. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a storiform growth pattern. Metastasis is very rare.


Cutaneous Precursor Lymphoid Neoplasm

description: A precursor lymphoid neoplasm that affects the skin.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, N0, M0. T3a: Tumor involving the lower third of vagina but not extending to pelvic wall. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Adult Erythroleukemia

description: An erythroleukemia occurring in adults.


Lymphangioma of liver

description: A rare lymphangioma that arises from the liver.  It usually occurs in children and adolescents.


name: Metastatic Childhood Astrocytoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Distant metastases present. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Stage y-II Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Protocol

description: Tumor extends beyond kidney but completely resected. Tumor penetrates renal capsule into perirenal fat. Tumor infiltrates the renal sinus and/or invades blood and lymphatic vessels outside renal parenchyma but is completely resected. Tumor infiltrates adjacent organs or vena cava but is completely resected. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Metastatic sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Stage IIIB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, N2, M0). T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, irrespective of size. N2: Metastasis to four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IA1 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma measuring equal or less than 3 mm in depth. (FIGO 2009)


Unresectable Liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Stage II Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T3, N0, M0); IIB (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor invades the pancreas.  T1: Tumor limited to ampulla of Vater or sphincter of Oddi.  T2: Tumor invades the duodenal wall.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Teratoma with Endocrine Differentiation

description: A teratoma that arises outside an endocrine organ and shows endocrine differentiation. The endocrine component ranges from benign endocrine tissue to malignant endocrine neoplasms. This category includes struma ovarii, thyroid carcinoma arising in struma ovarii, and carcinoid tumor arising in ovarian teratoma.


name: T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia, Small Cell Variant

description: A T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of small neoplastic prolymphocytes often with invisible nucleolus by light microscopy.


Advanced Anal Carcinoma

description: Anal carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Refractory Myeloproliferative Neoplasm

description: A myeloproliferative neoplasm that does not respond to treatment.


name: IgM-Positive Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by expression of IgM and absence of class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chain expression.


Immune Dysregulation Disorder

description: A group of autoimmune disorders characterized by defects in self-tolerance (central or peripheral) resulting in autoimmune disease with or without recurrent infections, comprised by: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) syndromes; FHL syndromes with hypopigmentation; Regulatory T cell (Treg) defects (eg, IPEX); Autoimmunity with or without lymphoproliferation (eg, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis and ectodermal dystrophy [APECED]); Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS); Immune dysregulation with colitis; and Susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lymphoproliferative conditions.


Stage III Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N2, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T3, N2, M0); (T4, Any N, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm and 4 cm or less in greatest dimension. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm in greatest dimension. T4: Tumor involving the celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, and/or common hepatic artery, regardless of size. N2: Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage I Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


name: Frontal Lobe Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

description: An anaplastic oligodendroglioma occurring in the frontal lobe.


name: Ann Arbor Stage II Supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the superior side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph node(s) with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript.


description: A non-invasive neoplastic process that affects the epithelium of any part of the digestive system.  It is characterized by the presence of morphologic features of dysplasia (e.g., architectural and cytological epithelial alterations) or, in a minority of cases, lack of such morphologic features, as in colonic sessile serrated adenomas/polyps.


name: Prostatic Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia

description: A prostatic hyperplasia characterized by the presence of crowded adenomatous epithelial nodules.


name: Genitourinary malfunction arising from mental factors

description: A dysfunction in genitourinary function that is due to a psychological process.


Mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing either extensive mucin accumulation and acinar neoplastic cells or a mixture of columnar or signet-ring cells and acinar neoplastic cells.


Erythema toxicum neonatorum

description: A benign, self-limited eruption of vesicles, pustules, papules and macules seen in newborns. An eosinophilic infiltrate can be isolated suggesting an immune-mediated reaction in the skin.


Gastric Adenoma, Gastric-Type

description: A neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of gastric epithelial differentiation.  It includes pyloric gland adenomas and foveolar-type adenomas.


Tourettism

description: Tics that are secondary to an identifiable cause.


Periorbital Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the tissues around the orbit.


Gallbladder Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of gallbladder cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Pulmonary Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between the lung and another organ or anatomic site.


Stage IV Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the bladder mucosa and/or bowel mucosa (bullous edema is not sufficient to classify a tumor as T4). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis (includes metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, lung, liver, or bone. It excludes metastasis to pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, uterine serosa, or adnexa). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Localized Sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


name: Recurrent Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of human papillomavirus-related malignant neoplasm after a period of remission.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with TBL1XR1-RARA

description: Acute myeloid leukemia with variant RARA rearrangement and expression of TBL1XR1-RARA fusion protein.


name: Stage IIB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: T2, M0, Risk factors: high risk.  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia

description: Overgrowth of the gingival tissue caused by phenytoin, cyclosporine A, and calcium channel blockers.


Stage IB Cervical Cancer FIGO 2018

description: Invasive cervical carcinoma with measured deepest invasion equal or more than 5 mm (greater than Stage IA), lesion limited to the cervix uteri. (FIGO 2018)


name: Acute Myocardial Injury with Cardiogenic Shock Related to COVID-19

description: Acute myocardial injury with evidence of cardiogenic shock defined as clinical evidence of low cardiac index (e.g., less than 2.2 L/min/m2) accompanied by impaired tissue perfusion in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Recurrent Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of a lymphoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis (excludes metastasis within the peritoneal cavity). (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Stage IVA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, Any G.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Distant metastasis to lung. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Neoplasms, Unknown Primary

description: The spread of a malignant neoplasm from an unknown primary to another region remote from the primary site.


name: Inguinal hernia, without mention of obstruction or gangrene

description: The protrusion of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal, without mention of obstruction or necrosis of the herniated contents.


name: Extragonadal primary germ cell tumor mixed stage III


Polyarticular Still Disease

description: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affecting multiple joints, usually symmetrically. It may be associated with low grade fever, anemia, and weight loss. Patients usually test negative for rheumatoid factor.


name: Stage II Contiguous Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

description: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph nodes with or without other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript (e.g., II3). (from PDQ).


Advanced Paraganglioma

description: A paraganglioma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adult Meningioma

description: A meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


Unresectable Pleomorphic Liposarcoma

description: Pleomorphic liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Coronary artery ectasia

description: Diffuse dilation of a coronary artery segment.


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, N0, M0.  Tumor invades beyond uterus but no to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. No parametrial invasion.  T2a2: Clinically visible lesion more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Recurrent Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of anal squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with vaginal involvement (direct extension or metastasis) or parametrial involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: EBV-Related T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that is associated with Epstein-Barr virus.


Upper Respiratory Infections

description: An infectious process affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, or trachea). Symptoms include congestion, sneezing, coughing, fever, and sore throat.


name: Hodgkin's disease NOS stage II subdiaphragmatic presentation

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the inferior side of the diaphragm (II) or localized involvement of a single associated extralymphatic organ or site and its regional lymph node(s) with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE). Note: The number of lymph node regions involved may be indicated by a subscript.


Osteosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of osteosarcoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system.


Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that has recurred after a period of remission.


Undifferentiated Malignant Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that has minimal to no differentiating features.


Fallopian Tube Serous Neoplasm

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the fallopian tube characterized by the presence of neoplastic serous epithelial cells.


name: Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A digestive system neuroendocrine tumor that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Endometrial Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the endometrium. It is composed of large polygonal cells arranged in well-demarcated nests, trabeculae or cords with peripheral palisading.


name: Unresectable Bladder Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Bladder squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Beta-Methylcrotonylglycinuria

description: A very rare metabolic disorder characterized by an inborn error in the leucine degradation pathway. Patients excrete large amounts of beta-methyl-crotonylglycine in the urine.


Acute Myeloid Leukemia with i(17q)

description: Acute myeloid leukemia associated with isochromosome 17q [i(17q)].


Type D Lymphomatoid Papulosis

description: A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis which mimics primary cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma.


name: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia-type

description: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis characterized by the presence of more than 5 x 10^9/L abnormal B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood and presence of the characteristic immunophenotype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This type of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis evolves to chronic lymphocytic leukemia at a rate of 1-2% per year.


Benign Vaginal Melanocytic Nevus

description: A neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the proliferation of nests of benign melanocytes.


Monoblastic Sarcoma

description: A less common form of myeloid sarcoma composed of monoblasts.  Monoblastic sarcoma may precede or occur simultaneously with acute monoblastic leukemia. (WHO 2001)


Aphakia

description: The absence of the crystalline lens of the eye.


Unresectable Appendix Adenocarcinoma

description: Appendix adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Paraganglioma-Like Dermal Melanocytic Tumor

description: A benign primary melanocytic tumor of the skin that presents as a dermal nodule. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of paraganglioma-like features that include a nested growth pattern of the tumor cells. The nests are composed of epithelioid cells and are separated by delicate fibrous strands. Cytoplasmic melanin is not present; however immunohistochemical studies have confirmed the melanocytic lineage of the tumor cells.


Digestive System Fistula

description: An abnormal communication between any part of the digestive system and another organ or cavity.


Stage IV Anal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bacterial peritonitis

description: Peritonitis that is caused by a bacterial infection.


name: Delirium due to a general medical condition

description: A disorder characterized by the acute and sudden development of changes in attention, memory, language and/or perception that can be etiologically linked to the direct physiological consequences of a general medical condition.


name: Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ

description: Stage 0 includes: (Tis, N0, M0). Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Granular Cell Glioblastoma

description: A glioblastoma characterized by the presence of large numbers of neoplastic cells with granular, PAS-positive cytoplasm. It is associated with an aggressive clinical course.


name: Refractory Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


description: An uncommon variant of rhabdomyosarcoma with spindle cell or sclerosing morphology.  It affects both children and adults and it is more common in males.


Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Variant

description: A term referring to cases of small lymphocytic lymphomas with an increased number of paraimmunoblasts or with signet-ring-like lymphocytes.


name: Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte predominance type refractory

description: An antiquated term that refers either to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or to lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin lymphoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Acinar Cystic Transformation of the Pancreas

description: A non-neoplastic cystic lesion of the pancreas lined by benign-appearing acinar and ductal epithelium. (WHO 2019)


Cocaine dependence, episodic

description: Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cocaine, which is associated with a pattern of episodic use.


Nerve palsy

description: Paralysis that is caused by damage to a nerve.


Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T1-4b, N1b, M0); (T1-4b, N2b, M0); (T1-4b, N2c, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1-4b: Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2c: Cutaneous melanoma with intralymphatic metastases (in transit or satellite metastases) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm

description: Cancer that is spread throughout the body, a metastatic phenomenon.


Non-Neoplastic Esophageal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples include infections, ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.


Stage I Fallopian Tube Cancer

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); IC (T1c, N0, M0).  T1: Tumor limited to the fallopian tube(s).  T1a: Tumor limited to one tube, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  T1b: Tumor limited to both tubes, without penetrating the serosal surface; no ascites.  T1c: Tumor limited to one or both tubes with extension onto or through the tubal serosa, or with malignant cells in ascites or peritoneal washings.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


name: Invasive Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma with Squamous Differentiation

description: An invasive urothelial carcinoma of the ureter that exhibits squamous differentiation.


Childhood Pigmented Spindle Cell Nevus

description: A pigmented spindle cell nevus that occurs during childhood.


name: Stage II Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor measuring more than 2 cm but less than or equal to 4 cm. T3: Tumor measuring more than 4 cm or with subserosal invasion or involvement of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor

description: A testicular Sertoli cell tumor characterized by the presence of large polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm in a myxoid and hyalinized stroma. Calcifications may be present in the stroma. Malignant behavior is uncommon.


Congenital Bleeding Disorder

description: A bleeding disorder that is diagnosed during childhood, with the presenting symptom of excessive bleeding.


name: Other and Unspecified Infectious and Parasitic Diseases and their Sequelae

description: Unspecified infectious and parasitic diseases and their sequelae other than those otherwise specified.


name: Acute Myocardial Injury with Myocarditis Related to COVID-19

description: Acute myocardial injury with clinical, imaging, and or pathology evidence supporting myocarditis in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


Current Cytomegalovirus Infection

description: Cytomegalovirus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Stage IV Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: T4, Any N, M0; IVB: Any T, Any N, M1. T4: Tumor has involved (biopsy-proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum, or has spread to adjacent organs. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis including inguinal lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone, or intraperitoneal metastases. Metastases to pelvic or paraaortic lymph nodes, or vagina are excluded. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Low Grade Liver Dysplastic Nodule

description: A hepatic dysplastic nodule characterized by the presence of low grade atypical cellular changes.


Advanced Carcinoma Of Unknown Primary

description: A carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Recurrent Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a primary malignant central nervous system neoplasm after a period of remission.


Postpartum Uterine Inversion

description: Protrusion of the uterine fundus through the cervix when the placenta fails to detach from the uterus as it exits.


Epidemic Disorder

description: The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. (CDC)


name: Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Adenocarcinoma

description: Cervical adenocarcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus infection.


Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from its original site of growth to distal anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T1-4b, N1a, M0); (T1-4b, N2a, M0); (T1-4a, N1b, M0); (T1-4a, N2b, M0); (T1-4a, N2c, M0).  T1-4b: Ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  T1-4a: Non-ulcerated cutaneous melanoma of any thickness.  N1a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2a: Cutaneous melanoma with micrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N1b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2b: Cutaneous melanoma with macrometastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes.  N2c: Cutaneous melanoma with intralymphatic metastases (in transit or satellite metastases) without metastatic nodes.  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Cervical Squamous Neoplasm

description: A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the cervix. Representative examples include condyloma acuminatum, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma.


name: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of bladder

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the bladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Unresectable Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: High Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Signet Ring Variant

description: High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of signet ring cells in the affected glands.


name: Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS 3 Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Clinical signs of CNS involvement or blasts in CSF and WBC > or = 5/uL CSF and either: RBC < 10/uL CSF or RBC > or = 10/uL CSF and WBC/RBC in CSF > 2x WBC/RBC in blood. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Childhood Pancreatoblastoma

description: A pancreatoblastoma that occurs during childhood. It is the most common malignant pancreatic  neoplasm in children younger than ten years of age.


Recurrent Childhood Kidney Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of renal neoplasm in childhood after a period of remission.


name: FIGO Stage IB Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor


Recurrent Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia

description: The reemergence of aggressive NK-cell leukemia after a period of remission.


Benign neoplasm of pineal gland

description: A neoplasm that arises from the pineal region and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis

description: Progression of polycythemia vera characterized by decreased erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, reticulin and collagen fibrosis of the bone marrow, leucoerythroblastic reaction in the peripheral blood, poikilocytosis, tear-drop shaped red blood cells, and splenomegaly.


name: Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity stage 0


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline DDX41 Mutation

description: An autosomal dominant familial myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia syndrome characterized by inherited mutations in the gene on chromosome 5 encoding the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX41. Patients usually present with leukopenia, hypocellular bone marrow with prominent erythroid dysplasia and a normal karyotype, often leading to erythroleukemia. The prognosis is generally poor. (WHO 2017)


Unresectable Glioma

description: A glioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


carcinoma of epididymis

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the epididymis.


Visual Pathway Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that affects the visual pathway.


name: Polyclonal Polymorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder


Recurrent Primary Bone Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of primary lymphoma of bone after a period of remission.


Metastatic Appendix Carcinoma

description: Carcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


AIDS-Related Anal Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising from the anus and occurring in HIV-positive patients. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of the cases.


Schwannoma of the Seventh Cranial Nerve

description: A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor composed of Schwann cells affecting the seventh cranial nerve.


Locally Advanced Bladder Carcinoma

description: A bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Congenital Hand and Foot Deformity

description: A malformation in the hand or foot that is present at birth. Representative examples include syndactyly, polydactyly, brachydactyly, and thumb hypoplasia.


Chronic esophagitis

description: A chronic inflammatory process affecting the esophageal wall.


Low Grade Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A low grade malignant neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the lung.  This category includes typical carcinoid tumor.


name: Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma

description: An antiquated term for a diffuse B-or T-cell lymphoma composed of small cleaved lymphocytes, occurring in adults.


name: Recurrent T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia

description: The reemergence of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia after a period of remission.


Mixed acidophil-basophil carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Oligodendroglioma, IDH-Mutant and 1p/19q-Codeleted

description: An oligodendroglioma carrying IDH gene family mutation and combined whole-arm losses of 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion).


name: Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Outer Hair Sheath and Infundibulum Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm involving the outer hair sheath and infundibulum.


Magnocellular nevus

description: A benign neoplastic melanocytic proliferation within or adjacent to the optic disk. It presents as a pigmented, intraocular tumor.


name: Pediatric and/or Germline Mutation-Associated Myeloid Disorders

description: A group of myeloid disorders that occur in childhood and/or are associated with germline gene mutations. It includes juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia-like neoplasm, refractory cytopenia of childhood, Noonan syndrome-associated myeloproliferative disorder, and myeloid neoplasm with germline predisposition.


name: Folate deficiency anemia due to dietary causes

description: Anemia caused by folate deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake.


Stage IVB Bone Sarcoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G).  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M1b: Metastasis to other distant sites. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Central Nervous System Hemangioblastoma

description: A rare, slow-growing, WHO grade I tumor of uncertain histogenesis that arises from the central nervous system. It is composed of stromal cells and abundant capillaries. It can occur sporadically or as part of von Hippel- Lindau syndrome.


Juxtaglomerular tumor

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm arising from the cortex of the kidney. It secrets renin and the patients usually present with severe hypertension and marked hypokalemia. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of sheets of polygonal or spindle-shaped neoplastic cells forming a hemangiopericytic pattern.


name: Clinical Stage IIB Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Giant Fibrovascular Esophageal Polyp

description: A benign, elongated intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It is characterized by the presence of adipose tissue lobules separated by dense fibrous tissue bands and dilated blood vessels.  The polyp is covered by normal squamous epithelium.


Liver Congenital Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma that arises from the liver and is present at birth. The majority involute in infancy.


Persistent Hyaloid Vessels

description: A congenital abnormality of the eye caused by failure of regression of the fetal eye vasculature.


name: Metastatic Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma

description: Non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Gastric Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation

description: An invasive urothelial carcinoma that exhibits glandular differentiation.


name: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


Localized Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that arises from the pancreas and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


name: Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma, Gastric Foveolar Type

description: An unusual, well differentiated adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of tall malignant columnar cells with mucin-containing cytoplasm and basally located nuclei.


name: Non-T Non-B CALLA Negative Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

description: Non-T non-B, CALLA negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


name: Metastatic Appendix Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Stage IB Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: (T1b, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1b: Tumor invading beyond the sphincter of Oddi (perisphincteric invasion) and/or into the duodenal submucosa. T2: Tumor invading into the muscularis propria of the duodenum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Functional disorder of polymorphonuclear neutrophil

description: A disorder caused by a dysfunction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).


Stage 0 Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ (intramucosal carcinoma; invasion of the lamina propria or extension into but not through the muscularis mucosae). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Refractory Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Ureter urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IA Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor that can be diagnosed only by microscopy with maximum depth of invasion equal or less than 5 mm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage IB Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IB includes: T1b, N0, M0.  T1b: Vulvar cancer with tumor size greater than 2 cm, or any size with stromal invasion more than 1.0 mm, confined to the vulva or perineum.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A lymphoproliferative disorder arising as a result of post-transplant immunosuppression therapy.  It is characterized by the presence of tissue destruction and effacement of the architecture of the involved tissues. It includes the following variants: polymorphic, monomorphic, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.


name: Recurrent T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: The reemergence of T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


Stage 0 Vaginal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IIA2 Cervical Cancer AJCC v9

description: Stage IIA2 includes: T2a2, N0, M0. T2a2: Tumor with involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial invasion measuring more than 4.0 cm in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 9th Ed.)


Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: (T1a-c, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T2a, N0, M0, PSA less than 10, Gleason equal or less than 6); (T1-2a, N0, M0, PSA X, Gleason X).  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected.  T1b: Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA).  T2a: Tumor involves one-half of one lobe or less. cN0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  pN0: No positive regional nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis.  Gleason Equal or Less than 6: Well differentiated (slight anaplasia).  Gleason X: Gleason score cannot be processed.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage IV Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (Any T, N0, M1a); (Any T, Any N, M1b, G1); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1b, G2, G3, or GX); IVC: (Any T, Any N, M1c, Any G). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M1a: Intraperitoneal acellular mucin, without identifiable tumor cells in the disseminated peritoneal mucinous deposits. M1b: Intraperitoneal metastasis only, including peritoneal mucinous deposits containing tumor cells. M1c: Metastasis to sites other than peritoneum. G1: Well differentiated. G2: Moderately differentiated. G3: Poorly differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Hallucinogen dependence, continuous

description: Physical and psychological dependence on hallucinogenics, which is associated with a pattern of continuous use.


Regressing Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

description: The disappearance of the melanoma cells from the primary non-cutaneous melanoma site.


name: IgM monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

description: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance defined by a serum IgM paraprotein concentration less than 30g/L; bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of less than 10%; and no evidence of anemia, constitutional symptoms, hyperviscocity, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or other end-organ damage that can be attributed to the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. It is a precursor condition that may progress to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, other B-cell neoplasms, or primary amyloidosis. Progression to plasma cell myeloma occurs rarely, if at all. (WHO 2017)


name: Stage IIIB Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: Any T, N1, M0. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Childhood Benign Breast Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the breast and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that has spread to the central nervous system following the initial presentation in another nodal or extranodal site.


Malignant gastrinoma of pancreas

description: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreas.  It is characterized by inappropriate secretion of gastrin and associated with Zollinger Ellison syndrome.  It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Benign nipple neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the nipple and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Intermediate Chondrogenic Neoplasm

description: A locally aggressive or rarely metastasizing cartilaginous matrix-producing neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic chondrocytes.


Liver Teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the liver.


name: Human Papillomavirus-Related Urethral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A rare urethral squamous cell carcinoma that is related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the urinary tract.


name: Papillary mucinous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

description: A low malignant potential cystic epithelial neoplasm usually arising from the ovary. It is composed of glandular cells with intracytoplasmic mucin. It is characterized by an atypical epithelial proliferation and a papillary growth pattern. There is no evidence of destructive stromal invasion.


Locally Advanced Glioblastoma

description: Glioblastoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G3, G4.  T1: Tumor 8 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G3: Poorly differentiated.  G4: Undifferentiated. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IIA Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(11;17)(q13;q21); NUMA1-RARA

description: Acute myeloid leukemia with the variant RARA t(11;17)(q13;q21) and the expression of NUMA1-RARA fusion protein.


Childhood Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


familial meningioma

description: A meningioma that is transmitted from the parents to an offspring.


Stage III Low-CSD Melanoma AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: Any T, N1-3, M0.  Stage III is divided into three pathologic subgroups: IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.  There are no clinical subgroups for stage III.  N1: Cutaneous melanoma with metastasis in one regional lymph node.  N2: Cutaneous melanoma with metastases in 2-3 regional lymph nodes or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) without metastatic nodes.  N3: Cutaneous melanoma with 4 or more metastatic nodes, or matted nodes, or in transit met(s)/satellite(s) with metastatic node(s).  M0: No detectable evidence of distant metastases. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Acute on chronic right heart failure

description: Acute decompensation of chronic right heart failure.


Erythema multiforme minor

description: Self-limiting form of erythema multiforme.


name: Unresectable Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Bladder urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Locally Advanced Fibrosarcoma

description: Fibrosarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Morbidly adherent placenta (disorder)

description: A condition in which the placenta implants abnormally into the uterine myometrium, rather than implanting into the uterine decidua basalis as is normal.


Stage IVB Bone Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IVB includes: (Any T, N1, Any M, Any G); (Any T, Any N, M1b, Any G). N1: Regional lymph node metastasis. M1b: Metastasis in the bone or other distant sites. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system or the thoracic organs.


clear cell type neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical cells with clear cytoplasm.


Stage IIA1 Cervical Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA1 includes: T2a1, N0, M0.  Tumor invades beyond uterus but no to pelvic wall or to lower third of vagina. No parametrial invasion.  T2a1: Clinically visible lesion 4.0 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Spindle cell melanoma, type A

description: A melanoma characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped melanocytes with slender nuclei and no visible nucleoli. Representative example is the type A spindle cell uveal melanoma.


Wound Infection

description: Infection of a break in the skin or other tissue.


name: Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: IIA (T2, N0, M0, G3); IIB (T3, N0, M0, Any G); (T1-2, N1, M0, Any G).  T2: Tumor invades muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. G3: Poorly differentiated.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Clinical Stage

description: A term that refers to the clinical staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Anogenital papillomaviral intraepithelial neoplasia


Gastric Juvenile Polyp

description: A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of elongated, tortuous, and cystic foveolar zones, edematous changes, and inflammation.  It may be associated with juvenile polyposis in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.


Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

description: Langerhans cell histiocytosis affecting the bone.


name: Low Grade Conjunctival Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process with low-grade dysplastic features involving the conjunctival epithelium.


name: Metastatic Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A midgut neuroendocrine tumor G3 that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Recurrent AL Amyloidosis

description: The reemergence of AL amyloidosis after a period of remission.


name: Serous cystadenoma, borderline malignancy

description: A serous cystic glandular epithelial neoplasm of low malignant potential. It is characterized by the presence of atypical or malignant glandular epithelial cells with an absence of stromal invasion.


Critical illness polyneuromyopathy

description: Polyneuropathy and myopathy arising in intensive care unit patients.


name: Ann Arbor Stage II Subdiaphragmatic Lymphocyte-Depleted Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma


name: Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Lugano Classification Stage I Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymphatic site (i.e., nodal region, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Urinary straining

description: The need to increase intra-abdominal pressure in order to initiate and maintain voiding.


Somatostatinoma, malignant

description: A neuroendocrine tumor arising from delta cells which produce somatostatin. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced

description: A neoplasm that develops as a result of exposure to radiation.


Abdominal Infection

description: Infection in the abdominal cavity resulting from injury, acute intestinal inflammation (e.g., acute appendicitis), intestinal perforation, or complication of abdominal surgery.


name: COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis

description: Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).


name: Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: IIIA1: T1/2, N1, M0; IIIA2: T3a, N0/N1, M0. T1: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor limited to fallopian tube(s). T2: Fallopian tube cancer with tumor involving fallopian tubes with pelvic extension below pelvic brim. T3a: Fallopian tube cancer with microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (histologically confirmed). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma

description: A transitional cell carcinoma characterized by a micropapillary growth pattern. Typical example is the micropapillary variant of infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma.


Glioneuroma of ciliary body

description: A congenital choristoma in the ciliary body. It consists of a mass of mature glial and neuronal cells without neoplastic potential in an otherwise healthy child; there is usually an adjacent coloboma of the anterior uvea and retina. (WHO 2018)


Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy

description: A subtype of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) occurring in approximately 40 percent of boys with ALD, primarily affecting the cerebrum, resulting in rapidly declining neurocognitive function and in most patients, premature death.


Clinical Chemistry Finding

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: The results of any chemical or enzymatic analyses of body fluids and tissues of an organism.


Refractory Ocular Melanoma

description: Ocular melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


Castration-Naive Prostate Carcinoma

description: Advanced prostatic carcinoma which was not previously treated with androgen-deprivation therapy.


Withdrawal (dysfunction)

description: A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders.


name: Muscular Dystrophy Secondary to Oxidative Phosphorylation Disorder

description: A muscular dystrophy that was caused by a primary disorder of oxidative phosphorylation.


Refractory Malignant Skin Neoplasm

description: Malignant skin neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


Stage IIA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosa or into mesoappendix.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IV includes: (Any T, Any N, M1).  M1: Distant metastasis. (from AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Heavy Chain Class-Switched Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chain expression. The majority of cases are IgG-positive.


name: Intraductal papillary neoplasm with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

description: An intraductal papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of mild epithelial atypia.


Stage 0a Urethral Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0a includes: Ta, N0, M0. Ta: For male penile urethra and female urethra: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Histiocytic Disorder

description: A group of non-neoplastic and neoplastic disorders characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes. This category includes hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria or muscular layer.  T2: Tumor invades perimuscular connective tissue; no extension beyond serosa or into liver. T3: Tumor perforates the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invades the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts.  N1: Metastases to nodes along the cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and/or portal vein. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


Phobia of driving

description: An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of operating a motor vehicle.


Refractory Bladder Carcinoma

description: Bladder carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Stage IIIC Anal Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N1, M0). T3: Tumor larger than 5 cm. T4: Tumor of any size invading adjacent organ(s), such as the vagina, urethra, or bladder. N1: Metastasis in inguinal, mesorectal, internal iliac, or external iliac nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Facial Nerve Palsy Related to Trauma

description: Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of an individual's face that is caused by trauma.


name: Acute Myeloid Leukemia with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22.1); MECOM-RUNX1

description: An acute myeloid leukemia associated with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22.1) resulting in the expression of MECOM-RUNX1 fusion gene.


Chemotherapy-Related Leukemia

description: A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor.


Posterior Fossa Ependymoma

description: A circumscribed ependymoma that arises in the posterior fossa. The diagnosis of posterior fossa ependymoma should be made either when molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling cannot assign a molecular group (not elsewhere classified -NEC) or when the molecular analysis for DNA methylation profiling was unsuccessful or not reported (not otherwise specified-NOS).


WHO Grade 4 Glioma

description: A group of malignant gliomas that includes the following: glioblastoma; diffuse midline glioma; diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant; astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, grade 4; and diffuse pediatric-type high grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype.


Recurrent Appendix Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of appendix adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Renal hemangioblastoma

description: A rare hemangioblastoma that arises from the kidney.


name: Poorly Differentiated Malignant Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm whose histologic characteristics have regressed and are more similar to stem cells.


Advanced Digestive System Carcinoma

description: Digestive system carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in which information on the p16 immunohistochemistry or HPV testing status is not available.


name: Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm with Isolated Isochromosome 17q

description: A new provisional entity under the umbrella of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, not otherwise specified. It is characterized by the presence of isochromosome 17q. The clinical course is aggressive.


Acute right-sided heart failure

description: New or worsening signs of right heart failure.


Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy

description: Partial or complete paralysis of the vestibulocochlear nerve.


Metastatic Vulvar Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the vulva and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


Post inflammatory hydrocephalus

description: An abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain that occurs as a consequence of a central nervous system inflammation.


Current HIV Infection

description: Human immunodeficiency virus infection is evident at the time of testing.


Localized Cerebral Neoplasm

description: A cerebral neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Infection of hemodialysis catheter

description: A local or systemic infection associated with the use of a hemodialysis catheter.


Urothelial carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Cranial Nerve Infection

description: An infectious process affecting a cranial nerve.


Stage IB Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IB includes: (pT2, N0, M0, S0); (pT3, N0, M0, S0); (pT4, N0, M0, S0). pT2: Testicular cancer which is limited to testis (including rete testis invasion) with lymphovascular invasion or invades hilar soft tissue or epididymis or penetrates visceral mesothelial layer covering the external surface of tunica albuginea with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT3: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades spermatic cord with or without lymphovascular invasion. pT4: Testicular cancer in which the tumor invades scrotum with or without lymphovascular invasion. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Tuberculosis of urinary organs

description: The infection of a urinary organ due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Contact dermatitis caused by dichromate

description: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to dichromate.


name: Vaginal Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of polygonal squamous cells. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization may be present, but keratin pearls are absent.


name: Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

description: The reemergence of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related after a period of remission.


Micropapillary carcinoma

description: A carcinoma characterized by the presence of a predominant micropapillary pattern.


Transfusion Dependent Beta Thalassemia

description: Beta thalassemia that results in severe anemia and requires regular blood transfusions for patient survival.


name: Noonan Syndrome-Associated Myeloproliferative Disorder

description: A transient myeloproliferative disorder that is associated with Noonan syndrome and occurs in the first year of life. It is associated with germline mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, NRAS, or RIT1 genes.


name: Locally Recurrent Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of skin squamous cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Pancreaticobiliary Malunion

description: An abnormality of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in which their junction occurs above the duodenal wall.


Stage IVA Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: Any T, N0, M1a, G1.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M1a: Intraperitoneal metastasis beyond the right lower quadrant, including pseudomyxoma peritonei.  G1: Well differentiated tumor.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Lugano Classification Adult Lymphoma by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A staging system for adult Hodgkin and adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas based on the Lugano classification criteria. This staging system does not apply to ocular adnexal lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for ocular adnexal lymphoma), pediatric lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for pediatric lymphoma), primary cutaneous lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for primary cutaneous lymphoma), and multiple myelomas (are staged according to the classification for plasma cell myeloma). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Adult Central Nervous System Neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges occurring in adults.  Representative examples of primary neoplasms include astrocytoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and neurilemoma.  Representative examples of tumor metastases from other organs to the central nervous system include lung and breast carcinoma.


Nail Apparatus Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the nail plate.


name: Locally Advanced Unresectable Digestive System Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A digestive system neuroendocrine neoplasm that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes and is not amenable to surgical resection.


Benign Diencephalic Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the diencephalon and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with TLX3 Rearrangement

description: T acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by the presence of TLX3 gene rearrangement.


Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: T1-2, N0, M0, PSA 20 or more, Grade Group 1-4; IIIB: T3-4, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 1-4; IIIC: Any T, N0, M0, PSA: Any, Grade Group 5. T1: Prostate cancer with clinically inapparent tumor that is not palpable. T2: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is palpable and confined within the prostate. T3: Prostate cancer with extraprostatic tumor that is not fixed or does not invade adjacent structures. T4: Prostate cancer in which the tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall. N0: Prostate cancer with no positive regional nodes. M0: Prostate cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. Grade Group 1: Gleason Score 6 or less, Gleason Pattern 3 or less+3. Grade Group 2: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 3+4. Grade Group 3: Gleason Score 7, Gleason Pattern 4+3. Grade Group 4: Gleason Score 8, Gleason Pattern 4+4. Grade Group 5: Gleason Score 9 or 10, Gleason Pattern 4+5, or 5+4, or 5+5. (AJCC 8th ed.)


recurrent gastric cancer

description: The reemergence of gastric carcinoma after a period of remission.


Chronic superficial gastritis

description: Persistent inflammation of the superficial portion of the gastric mucosa.  It is a condition that predisposes to the development of ulcer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.


name: Stage II Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: (T2, N0, M0); (T3, N0, M0). T2: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring 2-4 cm. T3: Tumor limited to the pancreas and measuring more than 4 cm; or tumor invading the duodenum or bile duct. N0: No regional lymph node involvement. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Bladder Hemangioma

description: A hemangioma that arises from the bladder. Most tumors occur in adults.


name: Primary malignant neoplasm of independent multiple sites

description: A malignant neoplasm arising in multiple primary sites.


Bowenoid Actinic Keratosis

description: Actinic keratosis characterized by the presence of usually focal, nearly full-thickness squamous atypia.


name: Lymphoma/Leukemia by Kiel Classification (Antiquated)


Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the stomach. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Corneal decompensation

description: Endothelial decompensation that is manifested by opacity of the cornea. The condition often occurs as a nonspecific response to mechanical injury from incidental corneal contact by intraocular instruments during surgery; chemical injury from the improper use of intraocular drugs, drugs containing preservatives, or from residues from inadequate rinsing of detergents or other residues from surgical instruments. The most common causes of corneal endothelial decompensation in the adult population are cataract removal/IOL-related endothelial loss and Fuchs dystrophy. When severe, corneal endothelial decompensation requires corneal transplantation.


Stage IIIB Gastric Carcinoma

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4b, N0, M0); (T4b, N1, M0); (T4a, N2, M0); (T3, N3, M0).  T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  T4b: Tumor invades adjacent structures. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Congenital Systemic Disorder

description: An inherited disorder that presents with systemic manifestations.


name: Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma by AJCC v8 Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage

description: A term that refers to the postneoadjuvant therapy staging of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Acute Myocardial Injury with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Related to COVID-19

description: Acute myocardial injury with evidence of new systolic dysfunction with reduced left ventricular ejection (LVEF less than 50%) in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

description: An intraepithelial lesion of the vulvar squamous epithelium associated with HPV infection. It is characterized by loss of maturation, nuclear hyperchromasia, high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios, cytological and architectural atypia, and mitoses. Two morphological patterns have been described: basaloid (undifferentiated) and warty (condylomatous, bowenoid). It carries a significant but relatively low risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma if untreated. (WHO 2020)


Stage I Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6

description: Stage I includes: IA (T1a, N0, M0); IB (T1b, N0, M0); (T2a, N0, M0).  T1a: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness with or without ulceration.  T1b: Melanoma is less than or equal to 1.0mm in thickness and level IV or V with ulceration. T2a: Melanoma 1.01-2.0 mm in thickness, no ulceration.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.-2003


Cortical Cataract Grade 3

description: A stage of cortical cataract characterized by 50-90% of the intrapupillary space obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


Gastric Schwannoma

description: A rare schwannoma that arises from the stomach.  It follows a benign clinical course.


Climacteric arthritis

description: Arthritis that occurs during menopause.


Advanced Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Skin squamous cell carcinoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma

description: A low grade (WHO grade II) astrocytoma occurring during adulthood.  It is characterized by a high degree of cellular differentiation, slow growth, and diffuse infiltration of neighboring brain structures.


Chronic systolic heart failure

description: Chronic congestive heart failure due to reduced contractility of the left ventricle.


Recurrent Ependymal Tumor

description: The reemergence of an ependymal tumor after a period of remission.


Stage III Vulvar Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0).  T3: Tumor of any size with contiguous spread to the lower urethra and/or vagina or anus. N1: Unilateral regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th ed.)


name: Metastatic Giant Cell Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Giant cell urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to anus

description: An epithelial or non-epithelial malignant neoplasm that has spread to the anus from another anatomic site.


Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Pandemic Disorder

description: An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries, and usually affecting a large number of people. (A dictionary of epidemiology, edited for the International Epidemiological Association by John M. Last, Oxford University Press 2001)


name: Low Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: Anal canal or perianal skin intraepithelial neoplasia with mild dysplasia.


name: Malignant Accessory Urethral Gland Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the accessory urethral glands.


Condyloma anal

description: A human papillomavirus-related neoplasm arising from the anus. Morphologically, it is characterized by an exophytic papillary proliferation of squamous cells and acanthosis.


Focal Mammary Duct Ectasia

description: Localized widening of the lumen of the mammary ducts.


name: Metastatic Bladder Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Bladder sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Factor Negative

description: A category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis defined by the presence of arthritis affecting five or more separate joints during the first six months of disease, with negative serologic testing for rheumatoid factor.


name: Childhood L1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

description: L1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


Neoplasm of lacrimal duct

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the lacrimal duct.


Sickle Beta Plus Thalassemia

description: A mild form of sickle cell thalassemia characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S and a small amount of hemoglobin A in the red blood cells. It is characterized by the presence of small red blood cells and mild anemia.


name: Refractory Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is resistant to treatment.


name: Recurrent Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma

description: The reemergence of anaplastic (malignant) meningioma after a period of remission.


Malignant Lymphoma, Large Cell Type

description: An antiquated term that refers to a morphologic variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is composed predominantly or exclusively of large neoplastic lymphocytes.


Bladder Sphincter Dysfunction

description: Non-coordinated, reflexive contraction of the bladder and sphincter relaxation.


Congenital supraventricular tachycardia

description: A disorder present at birth characterized by an electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates above the ventricles.


Refractory Malignant Bone Neoplasm

description: Malignant bone neoplasm that is resistant to treatment.


name: Invasive Microcystic Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Invasive urothelial carcinoma characterized by microcysts formation.


name: Stage IVA Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Diffuse or disseminated (multifocal) involvement of one or more extra-lymphatic organs with or without associated lymph node involvement or isolated (non-contiguous) extra-lymphatic organ involvement in the absence of adjacent regional lymph node involvement, but in conjunction with disease in distant site(s) or any involvement of liver, bone marrow, lungs (except by direct extension from another site) or CSF. No constitutional symptoms are recorded. This definition applies to both tiers (tier 1 and 2). (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Gallbladder Papillary Adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the gallbladder.  It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


Recurrent Aplastic Anemia

description: The reemergence of aplastic anemia after a period of remission.


name: Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy 9

description: An X-linked subtype of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutation(s) in the PCDH19 gene, encoding protocadherin-19.


name: Vaginal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma, Gastric-Type

description: Vaginal mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of gastric differentiation.


name: Aromatic Dyes-Related Malignant Neoplasm


Childhood Glioblastoma

description: A glioblastoma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma

description: A low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia stage I

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (Rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


name: Adult Primary Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

description: A melanocytic neoplasm that arises from the leptomeninges and occurs during adulthood.


Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v6

description: Stage II includes: (T1a, N0, M0, G2, 3-4); (T1b, N0, M0, Any G); (T1c, N0, M0, Any G); (T1, N0, M0, Any G); (T2, N0, M0, Any G).  T1: Clinically inapparent tumor neither palpable nor visible by imaging.  T1a: Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% of tissue resected.  T1c: Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g. because of elevated PSA).  T2: Tumor confined with in the prostate.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated (moderate anaplasia) (Gleason 5-6). G 3-4: Poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (marked anaplasia) (Gleason 7-10).  (AJCC 6th ed.)


Delayed Graft Function

description: The need for dialysis within a week of kidney transplant.


Treatment related leukaemia

description: A leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents that are used for the treatment of a malignant tumor or exposure to ionizing radiation.


Adult Grade II Meningioma

description: A grade II meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Appendix High Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A precancerous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion that affects the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of moderate or severe dysplasia and complex architectural alterations of the mucosal epithelium.  There is no evidence of invasion.