name: apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

description: A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


sarcolemma

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


A glycopeptidolipid antigen from clinically prominent members of the Mycobacterium avium serocomplex.


name: positive regulation of molecular function

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


name: positive regulation of exonuclease activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


name: positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


name: positive regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


name: positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


name: positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


name: positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


positive regulation of lyase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


name: positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of endoribonuclease activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoribonuclease activity.


positive regulation of cyclase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.


name: positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of nuclease activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


name: positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


name: positive regulation of exoribonuclease activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exoribonuclease activity.


name: positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


name: positive regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


name: positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


name: positive regulation of transferase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


name: positive regulation of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity.


name: positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


name: positive regulation of DNA ligase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.


name: positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


name: positive regulation of hydrolase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


Malignant neoplasm of exocervix

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the exocervix.


name: negative regulation melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanotic encapsulation of foreign target.


CLOTHIANIDINE

A clothiadin that has E configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety.


2-nitroguanidine derivative

Any nitroguanidine derivative resulting from the replacement of one or more hydrogens of 2-nitroguanidine by an organyl group.


thiamethoxam

An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


MESORIDAZINE BESYLATE

The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.


A thioadenosine that is adenosine in which the hydroxy group at C-5' is replaced by a 3-aminopropyl group.


A thioadenosine that is adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with an ethylthio (ethylsulfanyl) group.


A branched amino decasaccharide consisting of a linear octasaccharide comprising two N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid residues, beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine and beta-D-galactose residues, two L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose (L-alpha-D-Hep) residues and a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulose (alpha-Kdo) residue linked in sequence (2->8), (2->3), (1->3), (1->4), (1->3), (1->3) and (1->5), to the L-alpha-D-Hep residue proximal to the reducing end of which is also linked (1->4) a beta-D-glucose residue, while the alpha-Kdo residue also carries a second alpha-Kdo residue linked (2->-4). One of a number of chemoenzymatically synthesised oligosaccharides composed of the inner core oligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni extended by various ganglioside mimics.


phytomenadione

A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.


omega-hydroxyphylloquinone

A member of the class of phylloquinones obtained by hydroxylation of one of the terminal methyl groups of phylloquinone itself.


A phylloquinone that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing a phytyl group at position 2.


name: 2-(6-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl)acetic acid (phenylmethyl) ester


A 3-(2-isocyanovinyl)indole in which the double bond of the isocyanovinyl group has Z (cis-) configuration. An antibacterial agent isolated from a species of Pseudomonas.


An isocyanide that is indole which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-isocyanovinyl group. The Z isomer has been isolated from a Pseudomonas species and has antibacterial properties.


A 3-(2-isocyanovinyl)indole in which the double bond of the isocyanovinyl group has E (trans-) configuration.


A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.


carboxamidine

Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the -C(=NH)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


MK 351A

A member of the class of formamidines that is lisinopril in which the primary amino group is substituted by an {(E)-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}amino group. It is a potent ACE inhibitor.


nizatidine

A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.


tipiracil

A member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer.


TRIFLUMIZOLE

A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops.


benzamidine

A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.


A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of N-methoxymethanimidamide.


(R)-fluxametamide

A 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[(methoxyamino)methylidene]-2-methylbenzamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of fluxametamide.


FRADAFIBAN

A pyrrolidinone that is pyrrolidin-2-one which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by carboxymethyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively, and in which the hydrogen of the resulting alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4'-carbamimidoylbiphenyl-4-yl group (the S,S-diastereoisomer). A figrinogen receptor antagonist.


formamidines

Amidines with the general formula R(1)N=CHNR(2)R(3) (R(1), R(2), R(3) can be H).


A-234 nerve agent

A carboxamidine that is N,N-diethylethanimidamide in which the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen has been replaced by a fluoro(ethoxy)phosphoryl group. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union.


A-232 nerve agent

A carboxamidine that is N,N-diethylethanimidamide in which the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen has been replaced by a fluoro(methoxy)phosphoryl group. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union.


amitraz

A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.


guanidine

An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.


ACETAMIPRID

The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.


melagatran

A member of the class of azetidines that is (2S)-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid has been converted to the amide corresponding to formal condensation with 4-(aminomethyl)benzenecarboximidamide and in which the hydrogen attached to the azetidine nitrogen is replaced by a (2R)-2-cyclohexyl-2-[(carboxymethyl)amino]acetyl group.


dabigatran etexilate

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-{N'-[(hexyloxy)carbonyl]carbamimidoyl}phenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of ethyl N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alaninate. A prodrug for dabigatran, a thrombin inhibitor and anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


ectoine

A carboxamidine heterocycle obtained by formal condensation of (2S)-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid with acetic acid.


A substituted diphenylfuran in which two N-ethylamidino substituents are located at the two para-positions on the phenyl rings.


oxymetazoline

A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.


CYFLUFENAMID

A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenecarboxamidine in which the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethoxy group while one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a phenylacetyl group. It is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew in cereal crops as well as in apple and pear orchards.


diminazene

A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.


L-indospicine

An  alpha-amino acid that is 2,7-diaminoheptanoic acid substituted by a imino group at position 7 (the 2S stereoisomer).


pentamidine

A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A  trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.


formamidine

The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines.


dabigatran

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug  dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.


pyrantel

A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.


A-230 nerve agent

A carboxamidine that is N,N-diethylethanimidamide in which the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen has been replaced by a fluoro(methyl)phosphoryl group. A toxic nerve agent developed by the former Soviet Union.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine bearing a carboxamidine substituent at the 7 position.


acetamiprid

A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.


A member of the class of  formamidines that is N-methylimidoformamide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom has been replaced by a  2,4-dimethylphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the insecticide amitraz.


(S)-fluxametamide

A 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-[(methoxyamino)methylidene]-2-methylbenzamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of fluxametamide.


CARANINE

An indolizidine alkaloid that is  galanthan substituted by analpha-hydroxy group at position 1 and a methylenedioxy group across position 9 and 10. An alkaloid commonly found in the members of the family amaryllidaceae.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


carboxylic ester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H+.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


name: protein C-terminal methylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [heparan sulfate]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = acetate + H+ + [heparan sulfate]-alpha-D-glucosamine.


phospholipase A2 activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl group at position 1 is unspecified while that at position 2 is specified as arachidonoyl


A phosphatidylethanolamine 37:5 zwitterion in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as 10Z-heptadecenoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


yanuthone E

A class I yanuthone that is 22-deacetylyanuthone A in which the primary alcohol has been esterified by condensation with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.


Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection

description: Infection of the genitalia by human papillomavirus.


A fatty alcohol that is decan-1-ol in which one of the hydrogens at position 9 has been replaced by a methyl group.


A zwitterionic form of N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysinium cation arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


alanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


name: beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


name: L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.


name: L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.


alanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


L-alanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism

description: Hypoparathyroidism resulting from medical treatment or intervention.


Acquired Hypoparathyroidism

description: Hypoparathyroidism, the cause of which is not present at birth.


Hypoparathyroidism, Autosomal Recessive

description: Hypoparathyroidism associated with homozygous mutation(s) in the PTH gene, which encodes parathyroid hormone, or in the GCM2 gene, which encodes chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb.


Transient neonatal hypoparathyroidism

description: A disorder of decreased production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland in a newborn. It is due to maternal hyperparathyroidism. It may be characterized by hypocalcemic seizures in the first weeks of life.


Primary hypoparathyroidism

description: Abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone due to a disorder originating within the parathyroid glands.


onium cation

Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


name: anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


name: clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

description: A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


defense response to other organism

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.


suppression of viral release by host

description: A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.


name: antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

description: An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.


name: jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

description: The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

description: The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


antibacterial humoral response

description: An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


innate immune response in mucosa

description: Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.


CRISPR-cas system

description: A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


induced systemic resistance

description: A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium

description: The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


natural killer cell mediated immunity

description: The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

description: The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


induction of bacterial agglutination

description: Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


name: natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

description: An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


DNA restriction-modification system

description: A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response to host

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a host that act to protect or prevent damage to the symbiont.


defense response to symbiont

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host.


antiviral innate immune response

description: A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

description: The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: male-specific defense response to bacterium

description: A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

description: A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


natural killer cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


antifungal innate immune response

description: An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


name: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


antibacterial innate immune response

description: An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus

description: The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


name: male-specific antibacterial humoral response

description: An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to protozoan

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.


defense response to parasitic plant

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


defense response to fungus

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.


killing by host of symbiont cells

description: Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hemolymph coagulation

description: Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


name: melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

description: Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


name: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


name: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


defense response to bacterium

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


systemic acquired resistance

description: The salicylic acid-mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

description: The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


name: neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

description: The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


innate immunity memory response

description: An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


name: defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

description: The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

description: An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


antifungal humoral response

description: An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

description: A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


name: defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


pigment granule membrane

description: Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


An alkane that is decane which is substituted by a methyl group at positions 2 and 9.


That one of the three tautomers of arsole that has the double bonds at positions 1 and 3.


A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 phytosphingosine base, with hydroxylation at C-2 and C-3 of the C24 very-long-chain fatty acid.


Circumscribed storiform collagenoma

description: A benign skin tumor characterized as a small, dome-shaped dermal nodule composed of fibroblasts in a dense collagenous background with storiform organization.  Rarely, multiple lesions can occur in connection with Cowden's disease.


Senile nevus

description: A benign skin lesion consisting of a cluster of capillaries at the surface of the skin, forming a red papular lesion.


fenofibrate

A chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring.


chlorobenzophenone

A member of the class of benzophenones that is any substituted benzophenone in which at least one of the substituents is a chlorine.


fenofibric acid

A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.


A 1-O-acetylmaltose in which the anomeric centre at the reducing end has alpha-configuration.


cellular response to puromycin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.


A pentol consisting of 1-(hydroxyimino)hexane with five hydroxy substituents placed at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.


organosilicon compound

An organosilicon compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-silicon bond.


hexamethyldisilazane

An N-silyl compound obtained from ammonia by replacement of two of the hydrogens with trimethylsilyl groups.  Hexamethyldisilazane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography mass spectrometry applications.


An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane

A cyclosiloxane that is the octamethyl derivative of  cyclotetrasiloxane.


A silyl ether that is isopropanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group.


A silyl ether that is the N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) derivative of trifluoroacetamide. N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


poly(dimethylsilanediyl) macromolecule

A macromolecule composed of repeating dimethylsilane units.


hexadecamethylheptasiloxane

An organosiloxane that is heptasiloxane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


silyl ether

Ethers ROR' where R' has the structure SiR''R'''R''''.


An alkanesulfonic acid that is propanesulfonic acid substituted at position 3 by a trimethylsilyl group.


N-(trimethylsilyl)diethylamine

An N-silyl compound that is diethylamine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-(trimethylsilyl)diethylamine is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


hexamethyldisiloxane

An organosiloxane consisting of two trimethylsilyl groups covalently bound to a central oxygen.


poly(silane) macromolecules

A macromolecule containing exclusively silicon atoms in the backbone.


flotufolastat F-18

An (18)F radiopharmaceutical which is used as a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography (PET) of prostate-specific membrane antigen positive lesions in men with prostate cancer.


An organosilicon compound that is phenol substituted by a trimethylsilyl group at position 4.


silanamine

An N-silyl compound that is silane in which a hydrogen is substituted by an amino group.


trichloro(docosyl)silane

An  organosilicon compound that is docosylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the Si atom have been replaced by chloro groups. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.


chlorotrimethylsilane

A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro and three methyl groups. Chlorotrimethylsilane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


benzyl trimethylsilyl ether

A silyl ether that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group.


tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride

A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro, one tert-butyl and two methyl groups. tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


SILAFLUOFEN

An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the silicon is replaced by a 4-ethoxyphenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)propyl group. It is an insecticide used to control soil-borne insects.


organosiloxane

A siloxane where Si is substituted with organyl groups.


octamethyltrisiloxane

An organosiloxane that is trisiloxane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


(R)-simeconazole

A 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)propan-2-ol that is the (R)-enantiomer of simeconazole.


A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-methylimidazole substituted by bis(trimethylsilyl)amino and trimethylsilyl groups at positions 2 and 5 respectively.


hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane

A macrocyclic organosiloxane composed from eight repeating Me2SiO units.


bis(trimethylsilyl)isovanillate

A benzoate ester that is 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid in which the carboxy and phenolic hydrogens are replaced by trimethylsilyl groups.


A polyether that is tetraethylene glycol in which the terminal hydroxy hydrogens are replaced by methyl and trimethylsilyl groups.


dodecamethylpentasiloxane

An  organosiloxane that is pentasiloxane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.


A silyl ether that is 2,6-dihydroxypurine carrying three trimethylsilyl substituents at positions O-2, O-6 and N-7.


3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid

An organosilicon compound that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a trimethylsilyl group. It is used as internal reference in the NMR spectrum nuclear magnetic resonance for aqueous solvents (e.g. D2O).


An organosilanol that is the 1,7-dihydroxy derivative of octamethyltetrasiloxane.


N-silyl compound

Any organosilicon compound that contains at least one silicon-nitrogen bond.


N-trimethylsilylimidazole

A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-trimethylsilylimidazole is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.


SIMECONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-simeconazole. A broad spectrum biofungicide used to control a range of diseases in particular Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Blumeria graminis on rice, fruit, soya and vegetables.


A deuterated compound that is is an isotopologue of 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid (DSS) in which the six hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain linking the silicon and the sulfur atoms have been replaced by deuterium. It is often used in NMR spectroscopy (often as the corresponding sodium salt) as a calibration standard - it is much more water soluble that tetramethylsilane, so is often used for studies on proteins in water.


tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate

An organosilicon compound that is phosphoric acid in which the three hydroxy groups are substituted by (trimethylsilyl)oxy groups.


An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.


tetramethylsilane

An organosilicon compound that is silane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.


(S)-simeconazole

A 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)propan-2-ol that is the (S)-enantiomer of simeconazole.


SILTHIOFAM

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group from 4,5-dimethyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)thiophene-3-carboxlic acid with the amino group of allylamine. A fungicide seed dressing for cereals used mainly to control 'take-all'.


An L-alanine derivative that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is substituted by a trimethylsilyl group.


FLUSILAZOLE

An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the silicon are replaced by p-fluorophenyl groups and a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a broad-sepctrum fungicide used to protect a variety of crops.


ethyl(trimethyl)silane

An organosilicon compound that is silane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three methyl and one ethyl group.


silyl chloride

Any organosilicon compound containing at least one silicon-chlorine bond.


(S)-triticonazole

A (5E)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol that is the (S)-enantiomer of triticonazole.


IUPAC name: 4-((3-((4-acetamidobutyl)amino)propyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoic acid; SMID (https://www.smid-db.org/): daspid#6


OTOSENINE

A pyrrolizine alkaloid that is produced by several Jacobaea and Senecio species.


TRIFOLIN

A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position.


STIGMASTANOL

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.


elastin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.


A hexasaccharide derivative in which N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine is linked glycosidically to biotin via a (21-oxo-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxa-22-azapentacosan-1-yl)amino spacer. One of a set of synthesised biotinylated oligo-alpha-(1->4)-D-galactosamines comprising from two to six monosaccharide units, along with their N-acetylated derivatives (PMID:31913631), aimed at analysing the specificity of the antibody responses to a complex exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan found in Aspergillus fumigatus, the most important airborne human fungal pathogen in industrialized countries.


sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate

A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of sodium diphosphate.


anilines

Any  aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives.


A phosphonic acid having a 4-[(2-aminophenyl)thio]butyl attached to the phosphorus; reported to have herbicidal properties.


CARBOL-FUCHSIN

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-amino-3-methylphenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'magenta II'.


PENDIMETHALIN

A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.


BENZIDINE

A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.


name: thiocyanic acid [3-methoxy-4-[[3-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-4-pyrazolylidene]methylamino]phenyl] ester


A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 6 by 2,4-dichloroanilino, trifluoromethyl, and {2-[(1E)-1,3-dimethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-en-2-yl]benzyl}oxy groups, respectively. An acaricide used for the control of mites on citrus and cotton crops.


A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is salicylaldehyde in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is substituted by an amino group.


nitroaniline

A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.


tricaine

A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.


fluoroaniline

A substituted aniline carrying an additional fluoro substituent on the benzene ring.


name: 5-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1-thieno[3,4-d]pyridazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


volasertib

A member of the class of pteridines that is (7R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-8-(propan-2-yl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5H)-one substituted by a [4-({trans-4-[4-(cyclopropylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]amino group at position 2. It is as polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.87 nM) with potential antineoplastic activity.


N-phenyl-D-glucopyranosylamine

An N-D-glucosylarylamine that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by an anilino group.


A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2,4-diaminotoluene bearing a nitro substituent at position 6.


sulfathiazole

A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


Solvent yellow 56

An azobenzene that is N,N-diethylaniline substituted at position 4 by a phenylazo group.


entinostat

A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of the pyridin-3-ylmethyl carbamate derivative of p-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase isoform 1 (HDAC1) and isoform 3 (HDAC3).


(R)-mosapride

A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (R)-configuration.


An aromatic ketone that is 1-(2-aminophenyl)decane carrying two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 3.


telatinib

A member of the class of furopyridazines that is furo[2,3-d]pyridazine substituted by (4-chlorophenyl)amino and [2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridin-4-yl]methoxy groups at positions 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2/3, c-Kit and PDGFRalpha.


(R)-aminoglutethimide

The (3R)-enantiomer of aminoglutethimide.


procaine

A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.


levesquamide

A polyketide-nonribosomal peptide with an isothiazolinone moiety found in Streptomyces sp. RKND-216. It has a strong selective activity against M. tuberculosis, with no cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines.


A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by cyano, {3-acetamido-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]phenyl}nitrilo and cyclopropylnitrilo groups, respectively. It is a DYRK2 and CSNK2A2 kinase inhibitor.


3-(4-aminophenyl)pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-(4-aminophenyl)propanoic acid which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


TRIFLURALIN

A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a (3-methoxyphenyl)nitrilo group at position 4.


A pyrazolopyridazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine which is substituted by a 2-anilinopyrimidin-4-yl group at position 3 and by an ethoxy group at position 6.


p-toluidine

An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.


N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the amino group of L-glutamic acid.


FUCHSIN, BASIC

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-aminophenyl and 3-methyl-4-aminophenyl groups. The monohydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'rosanilin'.


A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2-aminobenzothiazole with the sulfo group of 4-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino]benzenesulfonic acid. It is an inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, being developed by Veralox Therapeutics for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.


dimethylaniline

A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.


KYNURAMINE

A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.


sulfaphenazole

A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one substituted by [2-(2,5-difluoroanilino)-2-hydroxyethyl]sulfanediyl, ethyl, and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3, and 7, respectively. It inhibits androgen-induced ROS production.


florbetaben

A member of the class of stilbenoids in which the para-hydrogens of stilbene are replaced by methylamino and 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy) groups. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease.


A substituted aniline in which the aniline ring carries 4-hydroxy and 6-methyl substituents; a urinary metabolite of lidocaine.


p-anisidine

A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils.


name: 2-cyano-2-(1-phenyl-4-pyrimidinylidene)acetic acid ethyl ester


ZM 323881

A member of the class of quinazolines carrying 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-hydroxyanilino and benzyloxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively.


A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 4-amino-6-nitrotoluene bearing an additional hydroxylamino group at position 2.


2-aminophenylglyoxylic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehydic hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminophenyl group.


sulfadiazine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


A 6-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid in with one of the ortho positions of the phenyl ring is substituted by an amino group.


basic brown 1

A bis(azo) compound that is 1,1'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(diazene) in which both azene hydrogens are replaced by 2,4-diaminophenyl groups. A metachromatic dye which stains acid mucins yellow. It is also a constituent of Papanicolaou's EA solutions, used for cervical, and other smears. Its dihydrochloride salt is also a biological dye known as Bismark brown Y.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3H,8H)-dione substituted by (2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl, (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino, fluoro, and methyl groups at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8, respectively. It is a non-ATP competitive allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2.


The D-enantiomer of 4-aminophenylalanine.


monodechloroaminopyrrolnitrin

A member of the class of pyrroles carrying a 2-amino-3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 3.


cisapride

The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.


retigabine

A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An  anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.


A member of the class of enamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-benzamido-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid with the aromatic amino group of 2-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid, the carboxy group of which has also undergone formal condensation with the amino group of 5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyaniline.


A nitroaniline consisting of an aniline core having two nitro substituents located at the 2- and 4-positions.


A phenol substituted by amino and methoxy groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively.


varlitinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by {3-chloro-4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl}amino and [(4R)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]amino groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both ErbB-2 (Her-2/neu) and EGFR and has shown significant anti-tumour activity in preclinical models of human breast, lung, and epidermal carcinoma tumours.


sulfadimethoxine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.


MP-PYT

A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which one of the nitrogens (position 1) is substituted by a p-tolyl group while the carbon at position 5 is substituted by a (2E)-3-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]allylidene group. It has significant osteogenic activity.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by pyridin-4-yl and (3-fluorophenyl)nitrilo groups, respectively.


A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene bearing an additional acetamido group at position 4.


sulfapyridine

A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.


An amino-nitrotoluene that is 2,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 4 by an amino group.


3,5-dihydroxyanthranilic acid

A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2.


sulfathiourea

A substituted aniline that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a (p-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group.


ASULAM

A carbamate ester that is methyl carbamate substituted by a (4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group at the nitrogen atom. A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, it is used (normally as the corresponding sodium salt, asulam-sodium) as a herbicide, mainly for killing bracken.


A pyrazolopyridazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine which is substituted by a 2-(3-methoxyanilino)pyrimidin-4-yl group at position 3 and by an ethoxy group at position 6. It is a CLK4 kinase inhibitor.


A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.


Product of the enzymatic  deamination of kynuramine.


sulfametrole

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid with the amino group of 4-methoxy-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-amine.


o-anisidine

A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen ortho to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of azo pigments and dyes.


anileridine

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of isonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.


A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-phenylisonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group.


A substituted aniline that is benzamide in which one of the meta- hydrogens is replaced by an amino group.


oxybuprocaine

A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.


benzonatate

The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.


A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a hydroxylamino substituent at the 4-position.


ACLONIFEN

A primary amino compound that is aniline in which the phenyl group has been substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by chlorine, phenoxy, and nitro groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide against a broad range of weeds in a wide range of crops.


dapsone

A  sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide  range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy.


terreazepine

A member of the class of benzazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5 and a o-aminobenzamido group at position 4. It is a secondary metabolite found in Aspergillus terreus.


An amino-nitrotoluene that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


hydroxykynurenamine

Any kynurenamine carrying a hydroxy substituent.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. It has been found to stimulate the immune defences of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, so affording protection from bacterial infection.


florbetapir

An aromatic ether consisting of a pyridine ring substituted at position 2 by a 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy group and at position 5 and a 2-(4-methylaminophenyl)vinyl group. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease.


squarylium dye III

A squaraine dye having two 4-dimethylaminophenyl substituents attached to the cyclobutane ring.


new fuchsin free base

An imine that is 2-methyl-4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-amino-3-methylphenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'new fuchsin'.


A ribose monophosphate that is 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene carrying a single monophospate substituent at position 5'.


O-TOLYLAMINE

An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.


auramine O free base

A member of the class of imines that is benzophenone imine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 4 and 4'. The hydrochloride salt is the biological stain 'auramine O'


bentioflumin

An aryl sulfide that is benzene substituted by {[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]methyl}amino, fluoro, chloro, and (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanediyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5, respectively. It is an acaricide discovered by Shandong Kangqiao Bio-technology Co. Ltd that is highly effective against citrus rust mites, red spider mites, and two-spotted spider mites and has excellent leaf penetration properties.


BENFLURALIN

A tertiany amino compound that is 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens attached to the aniline nitrogen have been replaced by one ethyl and one butyl group. It is used as a pre-emergence herbicide used for the control of grass and other weeds in a range of food and non-food crops.


para-isopropylaniline

A substituted aniline carrying an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a metabolite of isoproturon.


aminotoluene

Any member of the class of  toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.


QUESTIOMYCIN B

The aminophenol which has the single amino substituent located ortho to the phenolic -OH group.


2-aminophenyl hydrogen sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is 2-aminophenol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.


name: 2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)hydrazinylidene]-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester


A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzene in which the hydrogens at position 1, 2 and 3 are replaced by 3-carboxy-3-oxopropanoyl, amino and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is a by-product of tryptophan metabolism.


A member of the class of xanthenes that is used as a Zn(2+)-selective fluorescent indicator.


An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(benzylamino)-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis induced by erastin in HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells (EC50 = 6 nM).


A member of the class of imidazopyridines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine substituted by (2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino and (2-hydroxyethoxy)aminoacyl groups at positions 5 and 6. It is a potent ATP non-competitive inhibitor of MEK1 (Ki = 0.13nM) and also has efficacy against both mutant BRAF and mutant KRAS. It is in clinical development for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.


An aromatic ketone that is acetophenone in which one of the ortho hydrogens of the phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.


sulfamethoxazole

An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.


A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by cyano, (4-methyl-3-propanamidophenyl)nitrilo and cyclopropylnitrilo groups, respectively. It is a potent and selective chemical probe for the pleiotropic kinase CK2.


GGTI-2133 free base

An N-acyl-L-amino acid obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{[(imidazol-4-yl)methyl]amino}-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid with the amino group of L-leucine. An inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I.


A pyrazolopyridazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine which is substituted by a 2-[3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl group at position 3 and by a methoxy group at position 6. It is a human GSK-3beta, CDK2, CDK4, CLK1, CLK2, and CLK4 kinase inhibitor.


amino-nitrotoluene

A nitrotoluene carrying at least one amino group.


A member of the class of benzamides that is entinostat in which the hydrogen that is para to the nitrogen of the benzamide moiety has been replaced by a fluorine.


Major species at pH 7.3.


A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde bearing an additional amino substituent at position 3.


A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2,6-diaminotoluene bearing a nitro substituent at position 4.


A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by methylamino, 5-{[(3,3-dimethylbutyl)carbamoyl]amino}-4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl, and methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a potent pan RAF inhibitor which inhibits BRAF(V600E), BRAF(WT) and CRAF(WT) (IC50 = 5.8, 9.1 and 15 nM, respectively). It also inhibits RAF homo- and heterodimers and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


solabegron

A carboxybiphenyl that is [biphenyl]-3-carboxylic acid carrying a (2-{[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino}ethyl)nitrilo group at the 3' position. A selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist currently in clinical development for the treatment of overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome.


An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.


A substituted aniline that is 3-nitroanisole in which the hydrogen para to the methoxy group is replaced by an amino group.


A hydroxykynurenine  that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


Methyl violet 2B free base

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'Methyl violet 2B'.


A diamine that is 1,2-phenylenediamine carrying a methyl substituent at position 4 and a 3-phenylpropyl substituent at position N1.


PD 168393

A member of the class of quinazolines carrying bromoanilino and acrylamido substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively.


A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an amino group at position 4 on the benzene ring.


amfenac

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group and a carboxymethyl group at position 2 and 3, respectively. The corresponding carboxamide, nepafenac, is a prodrug of amfenac and is used for the treatment of pain and inflammation following cataract surgery.


An aryl thiol that is thiophenol substituted at position 2 by an amino group.


phentolamine

A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.


hydroxykynurenine

A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.


D-kynurenine

A kynurenine that has D configuration.


mocetinostat

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).


mosapride

A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.


A 6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid in which the two double bonds adopt E,E-configuration.


An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(adamantan-1-yl)amino]-3-{(Z)-[(pyrimidin-5-yl)methylidene]amino}benzoic acid with tert-butanol. It is an inhibitor of ferroptosis induced by erastin in HT-1080 and NIH3T3 cells when used at a concentration of 1 muM.


(S)-aminoglutethimide

The (3R)-enantiomer of aminoglutethimide.


ALLISAN

A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.


bromhexine

A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).


benzocaine

A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.


tacedinaline

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.


2-aminophenylacetic acid

A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid which carries an amino group at position 2 of the phenyl ring. A fungal metabolite produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.


bromfenac

Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.


A substituted aniline in which the aniline ring carries 4-hydroxy and 2,6-dimethyl substituents; a urinary metabolite of lidocaine.


name: 5-(2-anilino-4H-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-ylidene)-2,4-dimethyl-3-pyrrolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.


N-acetylkynurenine

A member of the class of acetamides obtained by acetylation of one of the amino groups of kynurenine.


butamben

An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.


A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.


methylaniline

A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions.


A member of the class of purines that is carrying 9-cyclopentyl-9H-purine-2,8-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 8 are carrying 4-methoxyphenyl and 2-fluorophenyl substituents respectively.


2-aminobenzoylacetic acid

A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is benzoylacetic acid substituted at position 2 on the benzene ring by an amino group.


sulfaperin

A substituted aniline that is sulfanilamide in which on of the hydrogens of the sulfonamide group has been replaced by a 5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl group.


A hydroxytoluene that is phenol substituted by amino and methyl groups at positions 2 and 4, respectively. It is a metabolite of disperse yellow 3.


N-isopropylaniline

A substituted aniline in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by an isopropyl group.


An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.


A hydroxykynurenamine where the hydroxy group is located at the 5-position.


BUTYL 2-AMINOBENZOATE

A benzoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of anthranilic acid with the hydroxy group of butanol. Found in several fruit species, it is used as a flavouring and fragrance agent and also exhibits insect repellent properties.


(S)-mosapride

A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (S)-configuration.


An anilide that is N-phenylacetamide substituted by an amino group at position 3 and a chloro group at position 4 respectively.


elacestrant

A member of the class of tetralins that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene which is substituted by hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 2-(ethyl{4-[2-(ethylamino)ethyl]benzyl}amino)-4-methoxyphenyl group at position 6R. It is a is an estrogen receptor degrader indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal women or adult men, with ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following at least one line of endocrine therapy.


A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).


An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.


KYNURENINE

A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.


A hydroxykynurenamine that is kynurenamine carrying a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan that exhibits antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.


An acetamide that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which the the amino group at position 4 is replaced by an acetylamino group.


aminoglutethimide

A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.


A member of the class of maleimides carrying 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino and 2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


2-METHYLAMINOBENZOIC ACID METHYL ESTER

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-methylanthranilic acid with methanol.


A member of the class of aminotoluenes that is 2,4-diaminotoluene bearing an additional hydroxylamino substituent at position 6.


alminoprofen

A substituted aniline that is ibuprofen in which the isobutyl group is replaced by a (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used for treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders.


N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide

A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline in which the tertiary amino group has been oxidised to give the corresponding N-oxide.


name: N-(4-methoxyphenyl)carbamic acid [(1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)methylideneamino] ester


AMINOPOTENTIDINE

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyano-3-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}guanidine.


The L-enantiomer of 4-aminophenylalanine.


A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group.  SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.


aminophenol

A substituted aniline carrying a hydroxy substituent. A 'closed class'.


sulfanilamide

A sulfonamide in which the sulfamoyl functional group is attached to aniline at the 4-position.


A hydroxykynurenamine that is 5-hydroxykynurenamine with the hydrogen on the aryl amine  replaced by a formyl group.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(4-aminophenyl)propane-1,3-diol with the carboxy group of dichloroacetic acid. It is an intermediate used in the biosynthesis pathway of the antibiotic, chloramphenicol.


aminopyrrolnitrin

A member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 2-amino-3-chlorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by pyridin-4-yl and (4-methylphenyl)nitrilo groups, respectively.


An aminal that is hexahydropyrimidine which is substituted on each nitrogen by a 2-(dimethylamino)benzyl group, and at the aminal carbon by a pyridin-4-yl group. A Hedgehog signaling pathway and Gli protein inhibitor.


PARAROSANILINE

An imine that is 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine in which both the hydrogens of the methylidene group are replaced by 4-aminophenyl groups. The hydrochloride salt is the histological dye 'pararosaniline'.


A nitroaniline carrying a nitro group at position 4.


DMP-PYT

A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which one of the nitrogens (position 1) is substituted by a 3,5-dimethylphenyl group while the carbon at position 5 is substituted by a (2E)-(3-[p-(dimethylamino)phenyl]allylidene group. It has significant osteogenic activity.


sulfacetamide

A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.


A  hydroxykynurenine  that is kynurenine bearing a hydroxy group at the position 5.


leucettine L41

A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a (2-anilino-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ylidene)methyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, DYRK2, CLK1, and CLK3 (IC50s = 0.04, 0.035, 0.015, and 4.5 muM, respectively).


isoflavonoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


phenylpropanoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


name: p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


coumarin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


eugenol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


name: isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


visual perception

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.


name: visual perception involved in equilibrioception

description: The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE

The dihydrochloride salt of sapropterin. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of variant forms of phenylketonuria (hyperphenylalaninaemia) associated with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Natural cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthetase.


name: negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any epithelial cell of proximal tubule that is part of some proximal convoluted tubule.


fluorenes

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene in which the skeleton is composed of two benzene rings ortho-fused to cyclopentane.


hydroxyfluorenes

Any member of the class of  fluorenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted  fluorene ring in which at least one of the substituents is a hydroxy group.


A member of the class of  hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9 (the non-aromatic carbon).


A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 9H-fluoren-4-yl group.


A 2-acetamidofluorene compound in which the parent 2-acetamidofluorene is substituted on nitrogen by an acetoxy group.


ledipasvir

A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.


The parent of the class of 2-acetamidofluorenes, being an ortho-fused polycyclic arene that consists of 9H-fluorene bearing an acetamido substituent at position 2. It is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene.


A fluorene derivative obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 3,4-position of fluorene (the 3S,4R-diastereomer).


N-2-fluorenylphthalamic acid

A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by a (2-carboxybenzoyl)amino group at position 2.


A fluorene that is N-9H-fluoren-9-ylidenehydroxylamine substituted by N-cyclohexylsulfonyl groups at positions 2 and 7. It induces ferroptosis via degradation of GPX4 and also binds and activates squalene synthase.


caulophine

A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at position 3, hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 5 and two methoxy groups at positions 1 and 6 respectively. It is isolated from the radix of Caulophyllum robustum and exhibits anti-myocardial ischemia activity.


name: 9-oxo-3-fluorenecarboxylic acid (phenylmethyl) ester


An ortho-fused polycyclic arene, or derivative thereof, that consists of 9H-fluorene bearing an acetamido substituent at position 2.


A member of the class of  fluorenes carrying an oxo substituent at position 9.


TILORONE

A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.


A member of the class of  hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2.


name: 2-[[(4-ethoxyphenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]acetic acid [2-(9H-fluoren-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl] ester


The simplest member of the class  fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.


A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9H-fluorene in which both of the hydrogens at position 9 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.


eosinophil chemotaxis

description: The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.


name: positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


name: positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.


name: positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


Primary Insomnia

description: A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; this difficulty does not occur in the context of another sleep disorder and is not etiologically linked to a mental disorder, substance use, or a general medical condition.


sapphyrin

A cyclic pentapyrrole where the five pyrrole units are joined at their 2- and 5-positions via four methine linkages and one direct 2-5'-linkage.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->4)]-D-GlcpNAc where the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at the reducing end has beta-configuration at its anomeric centre.


An amino trisaccharide consisting of N-acetylglucosamine having a fucosyl residue attached at the 4-position via an alpha-linkage and a galactosyl residue attached at the 3-position via a beta-linkage.


valienone

A member of the class of cyclohexenones that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 5 and 6, and by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 (the 4R,5S,6R-diastereomer).


tetrol

A polyol that contains 4 hydroxy groups.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic fluorinated and deuterated analogue of vitamin D3 which exhibits vitamin D receptor superagonist and anti-cancer activity.


A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position.


21-deoxyconcanamycin A

A macrolide antibiotic that is a semisynthetic analogue of concanamycin A, possessing an 18-membered lactone ring and a 6-membered oxane ring in which the hydroxy group at position 23 is glycosylated by a 4-O-carbamoyl-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl residue.


stemphyloxin I

An octahydronaphthalene that is 2,4,5,7-tetramethyloctahydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 7, a (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group at position 3, and a (2Z)-3-hydroxyprop-2-enoyl group at position 4 (the 2S,3R,4R,4aS,5R,7R,8aS stereoisomer). Isolated from the endophytic fungus Stemphylium botryosum, it is the causal agent of leaf spot and foliage blight disease in tomatoes. Its phytotoxcity is at least 200 times greater than that of stemphyloxin II. It shows high affinity for Fe(3+) (but not Fe(2+)) ions.


TAXIRESINOL

A lignan that consists of tetrahydrofuran substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2, a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from Taxus yunnanensis.


A tetrol consisting of pentane with four hydroxy substituents placed at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.


A hydroxyindole that is 1H-indole-5,6-diol substituted by a 5,6-dihydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.


oligomycin C

An oligomycin with formula C45H74O10 that is oligomycin A in which the hydroxy group that is alpha- to a macrolide keto group has been replaced by a hydrogen. It is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase.


pavettamine

An aminoalcohol that is N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)pentane-1,5-diamine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2', 4 and 4' (the 2R,4S,2'R,4'S-stereoisomer). It is a toxin produced by several plant species and the casual agent of gousiekte (''quick'' disease).


An isoquinoline substituted by 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl, carboxy, hydroxy, and hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 binding protein (IGFBP).


A tetrol that is 2-aminoicosane with the four hydroxy substituents located at position 1, 3, 4 and 5.


dehydroascorbic acid dimer

An organic heteropentacyclic compound obtained by cyclodimerisation of ascorbic acid.


NOGALAMYCIN

An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.


1alpha,23(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 23 and 25 (with 1alpha,23S-configuration). An intermediate in the degradation pathway of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3.


(20S,23,24)-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups  at positions 20 (with S-configuration), 23 and 24.


A tetrol that is hexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol carrying two methoxy substituents at both position 5 and position 6.


The  (-)-(7R,8S)-stereoisomer of  guaiacylglycerol. It has been isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis.


cryptocaryol B

A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one substituted by a 10-(acetyloxy)-2,4,6,8-tetrahydroxypentacosyl group at position 6.It has been isolated from Cryptocarya species.


A vitamin D that is 19-norcalcitriol carrying an additional 3-hydroxypropyl substituent at position 2. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D, it exhibits anticancer properties.


The (-)-(7S,8S)-stereoisomer of guaiacylglycerol. It has been isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis.


nordihydroguiaretic acid

A tetrol that is butane which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl groups. Masoprocol, the meso-form found in the leaves of the creosote bush (Larrea divaricata), is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor.


A tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 4 and which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 (the 2R,4S diastereoisomer).


perquinoline C

A perquinoline that is 8-hydroxy 20-N-butanoic acid.


A member of the class of cyclohexenones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one carrying three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.


A  lignan that consists of a tetrahudrofuran substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 4 and a hydroxy(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus yunnanensis.


dipyridamole

A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.


ent-pavettamine

An aminoalcohol that is N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)pentane-1,5-diamine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2', 4 and 4' (the 2R,4S,2'R,4'S-stereoisomer).


masoprocol

The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.


DEMETHYLBELLIDIFOLIN

A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 8. A natural product found particularly in Iris nigricans and Gentiana campestris.


PURPUROGALLIN

A cyclic ketone that is 5H-benzocycloheptene bearing an oxo group at position 5 and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 6.


dihydrostemphyloxin I

An octahydronaphthalene that is stemphyloxin I in which the C=C bond of the enol moiety has been reduced to a C-C bond.


eldecalcitol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 3-hydroxypropoxy group at position 2.


sceliphrolactam

A polyene macrocyclic lactam with formula C28H35NO6. It was isolated from an actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. and displays antifungal activity against amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans.


gigantetronenin

A member of the class of oxolanes that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by a  6-hydroxy-7-(5-methyl-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)heptyl group at position 2 and a (8Z)-1,4,5-trihydroxyhenicos-8-en-1-yl group at position 5. Isolated from Goniothalamus giganteus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


eucommiol

An alicyclic compound that is cyclopent-3-en-1-ol carrying additional hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 as well as a 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at position 2 (the 1R,2R-diastereomer).


A hydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 5, and 8.


benzenetetrol

Any member of the class of benzenes that is benzene substituted by four hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


GUAIACYL GLYCEROL

A compound made up of a guaiacyl core with an alpha-glyceryl substituent para to the aromatic hydroxy group.


pentaerythritol

A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.


An oxime ether that is 3,6-bis(methoxyimino)hexane carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.


(20S,23,25)-trihydroxyvitamin D3

A hydroxycalciol that consists of vitamin D3 (calciol) carrying additional hydroxy groups at positions 20 (with S-configuration), 23 and 25.


A hydroxycalciol that is a synthetic fluorinated and deuterated analogue of vitamin D3 which exhibits vitamin D receptor superagonist and anti-cancer activity.


A hydroxycalciol that is calcitriol with a 4-hydroxybutoxy group at position 2.


A phosphatidylcholine 24:0 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are tetradecanoyl and decanoyl respectively.


Cor triloculare

description: A congenital anatomic anomaly in which the heart has only three chambers.


thermospermine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.


thermospermine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.


thermospermine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.