aldehyde biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H+.


name: D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.


name: calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: purine-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


description: The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.


name: tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


dTMP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(6) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(6) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


lipid droplet disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components.


pinene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


name: anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


name: modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

description: The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


name: VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


name: negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

description: In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


name: molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


name: protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling

description: The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.


broken chromosome clustering

description: The process of bringing together chromosomes fragments resulting from DNA damage. Broken chromosome tethering during mitosis ensures clustered segregation of the fragments to a single daughter cell nucleus, facilitating re-ligation with limited chromosome scattering and loss and enhancing genome integrity.


positive regulation of secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

description: The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.


germ cell attraction

description: The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.


name: catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


cellular response to gold(3+)

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


C-X-C chemokine receptor activity

description: Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.


histone H3K9 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane carbohydrate

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a carbohydrate on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


name: amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


octopine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


name: regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


name: purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA.


peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


austinol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of austinol.


name: ligand-independent adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the receptor constitutively activates adenylate cyclase, without binding to an agonist.


name: ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

description: The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


name: envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


rRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


name: negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


T cell cytokine production

description: Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.


name: histone H2AK5 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


smooth septate junction assembly

description: The assembly of a smooth septate junction, a septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.


dynorphin receptor activity

description: Combining with a dynorphin peptide, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Dynorphin is any opioid peptide that is generated by cleavage of the precursor protein prodynorphin.


name: effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response

description: Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.


description: The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


name: cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


histone H3K9 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


endosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


name: hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond.


name: mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification

description: The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


podosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.


regulation of blood coagulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


gerfelin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.


glycerolipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.


name: synaptic transmission involved in micturition

description: The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


name: somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus

description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


flavonol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


fucose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


starch biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.


multicellular organismal process

description: Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.


oxidative RNA demethylation

description: The removal of the methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule involving oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms.


beta3-adrenergic receptor activity

description: Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta3-adrenergic receptors.


name: positive regulation of monocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


butirosin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butirosin.


name: regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


argininosuccinate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


name: L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.


intracellular chemical homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.


name: regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


phthiocerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phthiocerol, a lipid-based 1,3-glycol consisting of (3S,4R)-3-methoxy-4-methylnonacosane having (9R)- and (11S)-hydroxy substituents.


name: trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by nitric oxide.


name: negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


novobiocin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


response to xenobiotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


nucleotidyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.


name: regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


cellular response to cisplatin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.


activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.


monoatomic cation homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


name: tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine

description: The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


latrotoxin receptor activity

description: Combining with alpha-latrotoxin, a potent presynaptic neurotoxin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type IV hypersensitivity

description: An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.


type II interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with interferon-gamma (a type II interferon) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


eggshell chorion gene amplification

description: Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.


name: regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.


name: dethiobiotin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dethiobiotin from one side of a membrane to the other.


maturation of 4.5S rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.


embryonic morphogenesis

description: The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.


histone methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl-histone. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


TDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.


protein-phycourobilin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.


regulation of immune system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


name: paramyosin filament assembly or disassembly

description: The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of paramyosin molecules.


synaptic transmission, cholinergic

description: The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


cellular metabolic compound salvage

description: Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


name: rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


name: positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


name: primary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is powered by a primary energy source. Primary energy sources known to be coupled to transport are chemical such as ATP hydrolysis, redox energy and photon energy.


RNA trimethylguanosine cap binding

description: Binding to the trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)-GTP) group located at the 5' end of some RNA molecules. Such trimethylated cap structures, generally produced by posttranscriptional modification of a 7-methylguanosine cap, are often found on snRNAs and snoRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but have also be found on snRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. They have also been found on a subset of the mRNA population in some species, e.g. C. elegans.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


virus baseplate assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus baseplate.


FMN catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


epothilone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.


biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


cytolysis in another organism

description: The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-zeatin + UDP-D-glucose = O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin + H+ + UDP.


snRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.


name: cellular response to topoisomerase inhibitor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.


name: tRNA (uracil(54)-C5)-methyltransferase activity, S-adenosyl methionine-dependent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine54 in tRNA = 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


aspyridone A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone A.


name: anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor

description: The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.


name: ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


zymogen activation in another organism

description: The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form in another organism.


protein neddylation

description: Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.


protein depalmitoylation

description: The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


adenosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


pyridine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


name: arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.


formaldehyde assimilation

description: The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.


name: negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


name: negative regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


latent virus replication

description: Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


name: choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts an NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsanthin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsanthin.


high-affinity IgM receptor activity

description: Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


homomethionine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


description: The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


name: negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


name: chromosomal 5-methylcytosine DNA demethylation, oxidative deamination pathway

description: An epigenetic cytosine DNA demethylation pathway that includes a deamination step to produce either a thymine (T), or a 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), if the 5meC had first been converted to 5hmC. A DNA glycosylase (e. g. TDG) recognizes the T mispaired with a G or the 5hmC and excises the modified base to initiate its replacement with unmethylated cytosine through base excision repair.


ERAD pathway

description: The protein catabolic pathway which targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. It begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.


name: constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis

description: The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.


cellular response to cobalamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


mesonephros development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney.


name: atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.


organophosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


name: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


D-ribose 5-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose 5-phosphate.


name: regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


colanic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid residues.


RNA sequestering activity

description: Binding to a specific RNA molecule to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


mitochondria-nucleus signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function.


name: U6 snRNA 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + U6 snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + U6 containing a 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylnucleotide + H+.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.


name: carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other.


hepatocyte growth factor production

description: The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: glutathione derivative catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione derivative.


name: envenomation resulting in vasodilation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism.


AUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUU codon.


name: formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition

description: The assembly of a symbiotic cellular or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pronuclear envelope synthesis

description: Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei.


name: extraction of mislocalized protein from mitochondrial outer membrane

description: The removal of a mislocalized protein from the mitochondrial outer membrane.


name: central tolerance induction to nonself antigen

description: Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.


ochratoxin A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ochratoxin A.


organic phosphonate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonates, any organic compounds containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


mannogen biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


phytochromobilin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochromobilin, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore required for plant phytochrome photoactivity.


interleukin-18 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.


'de novo' AMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).


smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


name: generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III

description: The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.


tRNA N2-guanine methylation

description: The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N2 position of guanine.


olfactory receptor activity

description: Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity in response to detection of smell.


name: amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


name: regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.


amine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.


nociceptin receptor activity

description: Combining with the peptide nociceptin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


cellular response to ionomycin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


name: RNA 5'-gamma-phosphate methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 5'-gamma-phosphate in an RNA molecule.


name: positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


regulation of T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


name: mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

description: Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


oxoacid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


teichoic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


lipoprotein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


UDP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


response to leukemia inhibitory factor

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


name: regulation of adenine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenine biosynthetic process.


plastid fission

description: The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.


name: cellular response to electrical stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


name: histone arginine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone)-N-methyl-arginine.


name: peptide lactyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (L-lysyl-[protein] + lactoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-lactoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


cellular response to chloramphenicol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.


lactosylceramide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


name: anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.


type I interferon production

description: The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


name: cellular response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.


ribulokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L(or D)-ribulose = ADP + L(or D)-ribulose 5-phosphate.


name: positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA metabolic process.


name: amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.


name: L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


oxidative phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.


biological regulation

description: Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.


protein localization to spore cell wall

description: A process in which a protein is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a spore cell wall.


pH-gated chloride channel activity

description: A gated channel activity that enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in pH.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis

description: The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


name: cellular response to organonitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


name: regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


name: membrane macromolecule biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a membrane in a cell.


D-allose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


name: cell-cell signaling involved in kidney development

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host Rho signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters a Rho protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-threonine O-acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-threonine.


peptidyl-lysine demalonylation

description: The process of removing a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from an malonylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


glycosyl compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound.


skeletal muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


name: formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

description: The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H+.


name: transforming growth factor beta production

description: The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.


name: regulation of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angioblast cell migration involved in selective angioblast sprouting.


Toll signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Toll on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


apoptotic chromosome condensation

description: The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.


name: negative regulation of keratinocyte migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


name: positive regulation of salivary gland formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

description: Any process that induces the formation of the salivary gland field by means of the secretion of a signal by a mesenchymal cell and its reception and interpretation by an epithelial cell resulting in it adopting the identity of a salivary gland bud cell.


curcumin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the polyphenol, curcumin.


name: viral release from host cell by cytolysis

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell by the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


name: protein localization to microtubule plus-end

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


name: isoursodeoxycholate 7-beta-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta,7beta-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oate + NAD+ = 3beta-hydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H+ + NADH.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ERBB4-EGFR signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor/ERBB1) and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: lysine N-acetyltransferase activity, acting on acetyl phosphate as donor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + L-lysine = phosphate + N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


name: protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is activated by second messengers including diacylglycerol (DAG).


propanediol channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of propanediol through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


secondary alcohol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary alcohol.


name: bacterial-type DNA replication termination

description: Any DNA replication termination that is involved in bacterial-type DNA replication.


name: negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.


tolerance induction to tumor cell

description: A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


AAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.


name: perturbation of blood coagulation in another organism

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that affects blood coagulation in another organism. Blood coagulation is the sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot.


name: calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) combining with a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor on the surface of the target cell. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors may form dimers, trimers or tetramers.


alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


name: pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment granule maturation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, contributing to the process in which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


name: positive regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination within the telomere.


name: negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.


name: sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


atrazine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.


name: positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by establishment of Wnt protein localization to extracellular region

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway by the directed movement of a Wnt protein within the extracellular region.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling

description: Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.


name: nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

description: The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


name: acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


CTP catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


antisense RNA transcription

description: The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


cellular response to cycloheximide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


name: asymmetric protein localization to old mitotic spindle pole body

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to the old mitotic spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


thymidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


name: regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-poly(ribitol phosphate) + UDP.


name: voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a voltage-gated channel. A cation is a positively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host inflammatory response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of the  inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


name: imidazole-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


L-histidine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


nuclear division

description: The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.


peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation

description: The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.


regulation of secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


name: fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.


name: negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


photosynthesis, light harvesting

description: Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.


name: T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

description: An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


chloroplast elongation

description: Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.


cytotoxic T cell pyroptotic cell death

description: A pyroptotic cell death process that occurs in a cytotoxic T cell.


rRNA transcription

description: The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


sensory perception of wind

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive sensory mechanical stimulus resulting from air flow, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

description: Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.


1,2-dichloroethane metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


name: endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


name: membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

description: The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


adenine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via permeabilization of endosomal membrane

description: The entry of a symbiont into a host cell, following endocytosis, via permeabilization of the endosomal membrane by membrane penetration protein(s) of the symbiont. This process mediates the entry of some non-enveloped virus into eukaryotic cells. In some cases, viral membrane-penetration protein requires to be activated to display its membrane penetrating activity. Activation can be due to receptor binding or the acidic pH of the endosomal lumen.


name: regulation of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


protein localization to early endosome

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an early endosome.


name: indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


name: positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


name: peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.


cellular response to nitrogen levels

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.


name: endosome membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

description: Induction of endosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in delivery of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


cellular hyperosmotic salinity response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


ketone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


carboxylic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


uterine smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.


name: positive regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


viral penetration into host nucleus

description: The crossing by the virus of the host nuclear membrane, either as naked viral genome or for small viruses as an intact capsid.


histone H3 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


name: regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.


name: proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


name: positive regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


nuclear pore complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


name: protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end.


name: positive regulation of necroptotic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


name: negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.


name: positive regulation of trophoblast cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


vistamycin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vistamycin.


cyclopentanol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.


name: COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER

description: The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


quinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinone.


cellular response to sterol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


homologous recombination

description: A DNA recombination process that results in the exchange of an equal amount of genetic material between highly homologous DNA molecules.


name: regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

description: The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


name: adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway

description: An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


nicotinate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinate.


ergothioneine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


peptide N-succinyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the acetylation of an amino acid residue of a peptide or protein, according to the reaction: succinyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-succinylpeptide.


endocrocin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of endocrocin.


purine ribonucleoside salvage

description: Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


NAD transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


name: pyrimidine-containing compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


name: positive regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


name: gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly

description: The clustering process in which gephyrin molecules are localized to distinct domains in the postsynaptic density as part of postsynaptic density assembly. Gephyrin is a component of the postsynaptic protein network of inhibitory synapses.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + acetate.


tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade

description: A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


regulation of receptor recycling

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.


hyaluronan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP.


response to cobalt ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion (Co2+) stimulus.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


name: ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


histone acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone = CoA + acetyl-histone.


interleukin-11 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-11 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


acetylenic compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C).


name: negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


name: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

description: Combining with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


acetate ester biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetate esteran acetate ester, any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.


cellular response to chemokine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


name: adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex to inhibit downstream adenylate cyclase activity.


alditol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


membrane lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


sucrose mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.


name: modulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in another organism.


aminoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.


heterochromatin boundary formation

description: A process that forms a boundary that limits the spreading of heterochromatin along a chromosome.


name: negative regulation of collagen metabolic process

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->6)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->6)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


name: tRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methyladenine.


ketone body metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.


name: root epithelial mucilage metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


name: generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


name: fusion of viral membrane with host outer nuclear membrane

description: Fusion of a viral primary envelope with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear egress. The transitory primary envelope is acquired by the virus as it buds at the inner nuclear membrane and gains access to the perinuclear space. This membrane is lost by fusing with the host outer nuclear membrane during nuclear exit.


name: pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


chrysobactin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


lactose synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.


name: negative regulation of exit from mitosis

description: Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


cellular lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


name: protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.


dTDP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


name: arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


protein oxidation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.


plastid gene expression

description: The process in which a plastid gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


name: histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


multi-layer follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.


perforin production

description: The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


taste receptor activity

description: Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


name: positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


iron acquisition from host

description: The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.


name: response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.


name: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


trypsinogen activation

description: The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.


name: positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


name: 16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.


AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.


presynaptic membrane organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


lipoprotein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


triterpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


name: negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of macrophage migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


name: cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


xenobiotic glucuronidation

description: The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion.


name: negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation

description: The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.


name: methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

description: Binding to methionine-initiator methionine tRNA.


proprioception

description: The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


name: thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: phenylethylamine metabolic process involved in synaptic transmission

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


name: peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

description: A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


description: A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.


response to interleukin-15

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing

description: Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea.


cytosolic lipolysis

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.


name: positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

description: Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


name: alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate.


benzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.


co-translational protein acetylation

description: The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


alpha-amino acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.


melanosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


aerobactin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


name: positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


replicative senescence

description: A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging.


pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding

description: Binding to a pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence.


name: regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

description: Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


name: peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.


name: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


monoatomic ion-gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.


name: hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.


xanthine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


name: protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.


name: D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


respiratory burst

description: A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


prosaposin receptor activity

description: Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).