name: N-terminal protein N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal amino or imino acid residue of a protein substrate. For example, yeast Tae1p and mammalian family member METTL11A preferentially modify the N-terminal residue of substrates with the N-terminal sequence X-Pro-Lys, where X can be Pro, Ala, or Ser.


pentose metabolic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


name: type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells

description: An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


response to radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


name: suppression by virus of host cell lysis in response to superinfection

description: The prevention or delay of host cell lysis by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.


glycogen (starch) synthase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UDP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


dCTP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.


name: regulation of endothelial cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


calcineurin-mediated signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a transcription factor as a consequence of dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The process begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase with a conserved function in eukaryotic species from yeast to humans. In yeast and fungi, calcineurin regulates stress signaling and cell cycle, and sporulation and virulence in pathogenic fungi. In metazoans, calcineurin is involved in cell commitment, organogenesis and organ development and immune function of T-lymphocytes. By a conserved mechanism, calcineurin phosphatase activates fungal Crz1 and mammalian NFATc by dephosphorylation and translocation of these transcription factors to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.


wybutosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


name: proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.


vibriobactin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.


m-cresol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes.


name: regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


name: histone H3K27 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 27) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 27).


post-translational protein acetylation

description: The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


name: positive regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of neurogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system.


name: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the N-end rule pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the N-end rule pathway. In the N-end rule pathway, destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) in substrates are recognized by E3 ligases (N-recognins), whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate + phosphate.


name: cellular component organization or biogenesis

description: A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


name: protein localization to tricellular tight junction

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a tricellular tight junction.


cellular lipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


name: negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.


organelle disassembly

description: The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.


esophagus smooth muscle contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.


secretory granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


glycine betaine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


cellular response to codeine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.


tensidol B biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol B.


name: aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.


threonine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


cellular response to cocaine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


spermatogenesis

description: The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa.


name: envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


pyridoxamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + sinapate = UDP + 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose.


name: branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a branched [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


name: positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


name: C4-dicarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of C4-dicarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of transferase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + heparan alpha-D-glucosaminide = CoA + heparan N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide.


name: organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sulfoquinovose + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol + UDP.


protein lipidation

description: The covalent attachment of lipid groups to an amino acid in a protein.


neuromedin U receptor activity

description: Combining with neuromedin U to initiate a change in cell activity.


adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to nematode

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


ribonuclease P RNA binding

description: Binding to RNA subunit of ribonuclease P.


reelin-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of reelin (a secreted glycoprotein) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


interleukin-32 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-32 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peptidyl-isoleucine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.


name: regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.


name: lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein].


interleukin-17A receptor activity

description: Combining with the cytokine interleukin-17A and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


fructosamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-beta-ethynylserine. L-beta-ethynylserine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


name: acetylenic compound biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an acetylenic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon triple bond (aka C#C).


neutrophil chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


protein localization to microvillus

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus.


hydrocarbon catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


protein K11-linked ubiquitination

description: A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host translation

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the translation of host mRNA into protein, for example by cleavage of the host mRNAs. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


paternal behavior

description: Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.


catalytic activity, acting on DNA

description: Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA.


siroheme metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


retinal metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


name: positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


name: urokinase plasminogen activator signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by urokinase plasminogen activator binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cellular response to potassium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway via antagonism of host cell surface receptor

description: A process by which a symbiont alters or subverts a host cell surface receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway by binding to and inhibiting the receptor of the pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


urotensin II receptor activity

description: Combining with urotensin II to initiate a change in cell activity.


description: Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine = UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine. The enzyme, found in animals and insects, is involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)- beta-D-glucosyl trisaccharide on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF- like) domains.


GU repeat RNA binding

description: Binding to an RNA molecule containing GU repeats.


name: negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


description: The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine.


paclitaxel biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, a tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia.


name: peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form pros-methylhistidine

description: The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).


G-quadruplex DNA formation

description: A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature.


regulation of DNA strand elongation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.


name: clearance of cells from fusion plate by epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: The process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by effectively removing epithelial cells from the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


mitochondrial unfolded protein response

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.


regulation of DNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.


name: dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

description: The elongation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of dermatan sulfate.


CUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUG codon.


name: protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the juxtaparanode region of an axon.


dAMP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).


anaerobic pectin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, in the absence of oxygen.


(+)-kotanin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-kotanin.


name: positive regulation of mRNA modification

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


name: protein localization to ciliary transition zone

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone.


trypanothione biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.


benzoate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


deoxyribose 5-phosphate phosphorylation

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group into deoxyribose 5-phosphate to produce deoxyribose bisphosphate.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


funalenone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving funalenone.


4-hydroxycoumarin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxycoumarin.


name: regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


name: proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage

description: The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


name: L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


name: termination of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: The signaling process in which G protein-coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal.


thymic stromal lymphopoietin production

description: The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


spermidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


cellular response to interleukin-21

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


U11 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).


name: endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

description: An endothelin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.


chromosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome.


name: protein catabolic process at postsynapse

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.


name: positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


primary miRNA processing

description: A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


neuropeptide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.


name: regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from late origin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from a late origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


actin-mediated cell contraction

description: The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.


dADP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


name: tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


diterpenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


name: cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


name: epidermal growth factor catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.


tumor necrosis factor production

description: The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


interleukin-1 receptor activity

description: Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity. Interleukin-1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages and is involved in the inflammatory response.


name: negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


tetrapyrrole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


alginic acid acetylation

description: The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.


ABC-type protein transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).


name: positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


translation at synapse

description: Translation that occurs at the synapse.


name: rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


U6atac snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).


Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.


menthol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host antimicrobial peptide activity

description: Any process in which a symbiont interferes with a host antimicrobial peptide, for example by cleavage or degradation.


L-proline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


name: L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.


name: osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


microfilament motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate.


carbapenem metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbapenem.


phytosteroid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


cell projection organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


name: positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


regulation of eosinophil extravasation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


regulation of anatomical structure size

description: Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure.


name: positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


intracellular pH reduction

description: Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.


L-xylitol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.


D-cysteine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.


name: vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.


four-way junction helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


SOS response

description: An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.


anaerobic gallate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


name: purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


name: positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.


name: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


glycerol ether catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


name: cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


GCN2-mediated signaling

description: A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via GCN2 (also known as EIF2AK4), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as amino acid starvation.


cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


name: positive regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.


protein prenylation

description: The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


ether lipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


2-deoxystreptamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxystreptamine.


name: regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


capsanthin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.


description: The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


lymphocyte migration

description: The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


sinapate ester metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


name: spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.


mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

description: The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.


peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.


description: The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


response to interleukin-21

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


cellular response to silver ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver (Ag+) ion stimulus.


name: heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.


cellular response to rapamycin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


photosynthetic phosphorylation

description: Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.


organelle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


name: negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


psilocybin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product.


name: regulation of polyamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


name: histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


name: aminoacyl-tRNA metabolism involved in translational fidelity

description: Any process which detects an amino-acid acetylated tRNA is charged with the correct amino acid, or removes incorrect amino acids from a charged tRNA. This process can be performed by tRNA synthases, or by subsequent reactions after tRNA aminoacylation.


name: negative regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process.


glutathione metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.


NADH metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


ecdysone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.


CAM photosynthesis

description: The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


zeaxanthin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


name: positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


name: suppression by virus of host natural killer cell activation

description: Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation in the host.


name: negative regulation of distal tip cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


clathrin-mediated membrane bending

description: A membrane bending process mediated by clathrin.


name: protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


name: non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.


transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


leading strand elongation

description: The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


cellular response to toxic substance

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


name: positive regulation of response to type II interferon

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


name: Okazaki fragment processing involved in mitotic DNA replication

description: Any DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing that is involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


name: negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


axon guidance receptor activity

description: Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


(+)-kotanin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.


renal system process

description: A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


name: regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination.


interleukin-1 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


trisporic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.


cardiac myofibril assembly

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

description: A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


nicotinic acid receptor activity

description: Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


pigment biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


name: positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


naphthalene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.


name: positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


C-terminal protein demethylation

description: The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


phospholipid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phospholipid, a lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


amino acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


name: neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization

description: The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


thalianol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.


name: exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


name: L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


postreplication repair

description: The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.


name: mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

description: The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


name: positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

description: The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


viral latency

description: The process by which, after initial infection, a virus lies dormant within a cell and viral production ceases. The process ends when the virus switches from latency and starts to replicate.


fucose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


protein sialylation

description: A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host T-cell mediated immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to homocysteine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


name: rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.


name: vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

description: Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to interferon-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


name: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly

description: The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


name: phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to zinc ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


name: regulation of intracellular signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.


carnosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


name: regulation of chlorophyll metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll.


L-isoleucine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.


creatinine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


name: negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of toluene metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toluene metabolic process.


diaphragm contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.


name: negative regulation of chromosome separation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.


name: cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


name: G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

description: Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


name: regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


cellular response to carbon dioxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a lysine-accetping tRNA.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H+ + UDP.


cellular response to cell wall damage

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


name: regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.


membrane assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.


name: toluene-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


cellular response to gastrin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


chloroplast organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


name: tryptophan catabolic process to catechol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.


name: visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

description: The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


name: proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


protein geranylgeranylation

description: The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


photosynthetic electron transport chain

description: A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


cellular response to histidine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


name: melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.


cellular response to blue light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


xanthophyll biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


name: aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor

description: The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.


sesquiterpene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


name: complement component C3d receptor activity

description: Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to fluoride

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


name: negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


name: negative regulation of basidiospore formation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

description: The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


piRNA binding

description: Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


name: B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

description: The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


chloroplast RNA processing

description: The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.


cellular homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.


lycopene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.


U1 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


apiogalacturonan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.


name: regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis.


name: positive regulation of exit from meiosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


name: aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


name: regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


abscisic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

description: The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


name: protein localization to prospore membrane

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

description: An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


cyanoamino acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.


cellular response to selenium ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


contact chemoreceptor activity

description: A non-GPCR transmembrane signaling receptor activity that is responsible for contact chemoreception.


name: intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the postsynaptic membrane potential.


name: negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


name: perturbation by virus of host immune response

description: A process in which a virus effects a change in the host immune response.


name: pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity

description: Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to serotonin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.


name: skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


name: negative regulation of cellular response to heat

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


name: transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity

description: Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


name: myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


picolinic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.


polyphosphate-mediated signaling

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using polyphosphate as the signal.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


purine nucleobase biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


name: establishment of protein localization to organelle

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


D-xylulokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


name: T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

description: A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


protein carboxylation

description: The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


name: cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation

description: The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


name: glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


name: mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation

description: The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.


name: cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


name: positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


phytyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


name: cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.


name: RNA cap trimethylguanosine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.


synaptic vesicle membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


cellular response to water stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


leukotriene D4 catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene D4.


pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrocyanin, an iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group.


name: negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


spermine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


name: positive regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


leukotriene signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


name: positive regulation by host of viral process

description: A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


regulation of microglia differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


heme O catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


name: regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.


interferon-tau production

description: The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ERBB3 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


photosystem II repair

description: Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


name: cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


name: 17-beta-ketosteroid reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


endomitotic cell cycle

description: A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


protein malonylation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.


GTP diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


name: host interaction involved in quorum sensing

description: A quorum sensing process that is modulated by some interaction with a host cell or organism.


spermatid nucleus differentiation

description: The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.


name: purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


neutrophil extravasation

description: The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


endocytosis, site selection

description: The process of selecting and or marking the position where endocytosis will occur.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


name: regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.


regulation of developmental process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


name: active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


name: axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction

description: The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.


regulation of epithelial cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.


name: pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.


name: protein maturation by copper ion transfer

description: A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.


dopaminergic neuron axon guidance

description: The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a dopaminergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


name: anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


name: mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

description: Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ketohexokinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.


cell killing

description: Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


detection of light stimulus

description: The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to microtubule end

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.


N-terminal protein formylation

description: The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


cytosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


name: estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+. The activity can use NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor.


name: regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


description: The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.


name: capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.


name: C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity

description: Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein monoubiquitination

description: Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.


protein localization to nucleus

description: A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.


diol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.


cis-acting DNA replication termination

description: A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.


lutein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = 2 ADP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


snoRNA splicing

description: The process of removing sections of a primary snoRNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the snoRNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the snoRNA.


name: primary amino compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound.


name: conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA

description: The modification process that results in the conversion of lysine, carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon), to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).


name: calcium-induced calcium release activity

description: Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.


protein-heme linkage via 1'-L-histidine

description: The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).


deoxyinosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


name: sensory perception of temperature stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


name: positive regulation of melanization defense response

description: Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.


name: pantothenate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of pantothenate across a membrane. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


positive regulation of cell motility

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


protein acylation

description: The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.


name: selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


double-stranded RNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded RNA.


name: RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions

description: Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation

description: The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


ganglioside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


guaiacyl lignin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guaiacyl lignin.


name: N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


phenol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


name: positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


name: nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


sensory neuron axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A sensory neuron is an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.


esculetin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


name: pregnan-21-ol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pregnan-21-ol = H+ + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.


eye pigment catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


name: T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

description: The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


adiponectin-activated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


7-methylguanosine RNA capping

description: The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the RNA 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent transcript. Additional methylation can occur on the ribose sugars of the first and second nucleotides adjacent to the m7G nRNA cap. These methylations are often referred to as N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6,2A) and N6,2'-O-dimethylguanosine (m6,2G), respectively.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


O-glycan processing, core 2

description: The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.


DIF-1 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


DNA duplex unwinding

description: The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.


aspartate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


name: regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.