dinitrosyl-iron complex

An iron coordination entity containing one iron unit and two nitrogen oxide units. Acts to store and transport NO.


BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE

A mixture of 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Is is used as an antioxidant and preservative in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber and petroleum products.


dolichol-linked oligosaccharide

An oligosaccharide derivative that is an oligosaccharide linked to dolichyl diphosphate via the diphosphate group.


name: 6-[(methoxythio)carbonyl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester


D-lysine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of D-lysine.


cinnamic acid

The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid


AIDS-Related Isosporiasis

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing


boron-carbon-nitrogen nanotube

A carbon nanotube grown in a boron- and nitrogen-rich atmosphere in which some of the carbon atoms have been replaced by B and N atoms in the order C > B > N.


A ceramide that is the N-(2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl) derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine.


A quinolin-4-one having methyl and hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


N-ethylphenylacetamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z)-3-oxohexacosatetraenoic acid.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of Ni(II)-pyridinium-3,5-bisthiocarboxylate mononucleotide group


2-methylbutanedioic acid

A dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group.


(S)-methylsuccinic acid

A 2-methylbutanedioic acid in which the methyl group at position 2 has S-configuration.


(R)-methylsuccinic acid

A 2-methylbutanedioic acid in which the methyl group at position 2 has R-configuration.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of a 5'-(5'-triphospho-guanosine)-guanosine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A tertiary ammonium ion obtained by protonation of the tertiary amino group of PJ34. It is the major species at pH 7.3.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: Merkel cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


(S)-fluoxytioconazole (thiol)

The (S)-enantiomer of fluoxytioconazole (thiol).


A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxytetracosanoyl.


dGDP

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


gamma-lactone

A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.


gamma-octalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a butyl group at position 5. It is a volatile compound found in peaches, mangoes, beef and ham.


EUTYPOID D

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxybenzyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


PURPURESTER B

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6, a methyl group at position 7 and a propylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium purpurogenum.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


A gamma-lactone that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxyethyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 4 (the 3R,4S,1'R stereoisomer). Isolated from an edible mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii, it exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dependent cell death.


A butan-4-olide having a chloromethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


1-hydroxycrisamicin A

An organic heterotetracyclic compound isolated from the culture broth of Micromonospora sp. SA-246. It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacterial strains.


A butan-4-olide in which the lactone skeleton is substituted at positions 3pro-R and 4pro-R by 1-hydroxyalkyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively, in which the secondary alcohol has moiety has S configuration. Originally isolated from Streptomyces virginiae, where they control virginiamycin production, they are also known as virginiae butanolides (VB compounds).


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is tetradecanamide substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a (3S)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl group at the N atom.


carlactone

A gamma-lactone that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and by a [(1Z,3E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]oxy group at position 5.


An optically active form of (2-chloro-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furyl)acetic acid having R-configuration.


A butan-4-olide having a thiocyanatomethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


L-dehydroascorbic acid hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate of L-dehydroascorbic acid.


Major species at pH 7.3.


(-)-bursehernin

A butan-4-olide that is (-)-pluviatolide in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone

A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide arising from formal condensation of homoserine lactone with 3-oxododecanoic acid.


BETA-PELTATIN A

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is alpha-peltatin in which the phenolic hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl substitutent had been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.


cohibin

A family of gamma-lactones that are isolated from the seeds of Annona muricata and Annona nutans.


SANGUINOLIGNAN A

A lignan isolated from the leaves of Piper sanguineispicum.


SODIUM ASCORBATE

An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion.


D-homoserine lactone

The D-enantiomer of homoserine lactone.


N-acyl homoserine lactone

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of homoserine lactone. A class of autoinducers generally involved in bacterial quorum sensing.


sporothriolide

A furofuran that is (3aR,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan substituted by an oxo group at positions 2 and 4, methylene group at position 3 and by an hexyl group at position 6. It is a metabolite isolated from several species of fungi.


cohibin D

A member of the class of cohibins in which the long-chain dihydroxyalkyl group at position 3 is specified as 13,14-dihydroxydotriacont-17-en-1-yl. NB The absolute configuration of the stereocentre at position 5 on the furanone ring is known to be S, but only the relative configuration of the diol moiety has been assigned as threo. It has not yet been established whether it is the (R,R)-diol (as shown here) or the (S,S)-diol.


MONASCORUBRIN

A bulgarialactone azaphilone compound found in Monascus pilosus used as an orange food colourant for biscuits or ice-cream.


plakortolide O

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


N-(4-coumaroyl)-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 4-coumaroyl as the acyl substituent.


alpha-peltatin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10 but which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 9. It is found as a glucoside in the rhizomes of Podophyllum peltatum.


A butan-4-olide obtained by formal intramolecular condensation between the 2-hydroxy and 4-carboxy groups of (S)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid


cohibin C

A member of the class of cohibins in which the long-chain dihydroxyalkyl group at position 3 is specified as 15,16-dihydroxydotriacont-19-en-1-yl. NB The absolute configuration of the stereocentre at position 5 on the furanone ring is known to be S, but only the relative configuration of the diol moiety has been assigned as threo. It has not yet been established whether it is the (R,R)-diol (as shown here) or the (S,S)-diol.


D-threonolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3S,4R-diastereomer).


GRAMINONE B

A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-one substituted by a 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl at position 3 and a 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 5. Isolated from the rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica, it exhibits vasodilative activity.


salicifoliol

A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-one carrying a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substituent at position 4.


ELAEODENDROSIDE G

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


A butan-4-olide that is (5-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


PURPURESTER A

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6, a methoxy group at position 3, a methyl group at position 7 and a propyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium purpurogenum.


A butenolide that is furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


plakortone L

An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a  gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butan-4-olide having a 2-chloroethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


agnestin B

A member of the class of xanthones that is agnestin A in which the double bond between positions 3 and 4 has been reduced and the carboxlic acid group at position 1 forms a single bond with the carbon atom at position 3 resulting in a cyclic ester. It has been isolated from the fungus Paecilomyces variotti.


cyclic N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine

An oxazolidinone that is the N(6)-(4S)-4-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ylidene derivative of adenosine. Obtained by cyclocondensation of N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine.


EUTYPOID C

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl group at position 4 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


TULIPALINE A

A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position.


A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group.


SPIROMESIFEN

A butenolide that is but-2-en-4-olide bearing a 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group at position 3, a 3,3-dimethylbutyryloxy group at position 4 and a spiro-fused cyclopentyl ring at position 5.


An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 8-carboxy-3-oxooctanoyl as the acyl substituent.


A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).


N-isovaleryl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.


(R)-pantolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4 (the R-stereoisomer).


seco-plakortolide L

A  butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4S,5S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


L-threonolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3R,4S-diastereomer).


A carbohydrate lactone obtained by intramolecular condensation of the 6-carboxy group with the 3-hydroxy group of alpha-mannofuranuronic acid.


bihapten 1

A butan-4-olide having a methylidene group at the 3-position and a 9-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)nonyl substituent at the 5-position.


SANGUINOLIGNAN D

A lignan isolated from the leaves of  Piper sanguineispicum.


ELAEODENDROSIDE T

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


A furonaphthodioxole that is 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin which is substituted at position 4 of the C-ring by a 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino}ethyl group. While structurally related to etoposide, TOP-53 is significantly more toxic to non-small cell lung cancer cells, more active at generating chromosomal breaks, and displays improved cellular uptake and pharmacokinetics in animal lung tissues.


bihapten 1 dimethyl ether

A butan-4-olide having a methylidene group at the 3-position and a 9-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)nonyl substituent at the 5-position.


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a 3-methyl substituent.


artemoin B

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 17 and 18.


MICRODIPLODIASONE

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a methyl group at position 2 and a 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl group at position 2. Isolated from the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia species, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


A gamma-lactone that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups (the 5R-stereoisomer).


plakortone N

An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butan-4-olide having a 1-thiocyanatoethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


sedanonic acid lactone

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one carrying an additional butylidene substituent at position 3.


firocoxib

An enol ether that is the cyclopropylmethyl ether of 3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]furan-2-one. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses and dogs.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


(R)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the R-enantiomer of ofurace.


ASPULVINONE E

A 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. It is a marine metabolite isolated from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibits antiviral activity.


rofecoxib

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 3 and by a p-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl group at position 4. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was used from 1999 to 2004 for the treatment of ostoarthritis, but was withdrawn following concerns about an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone substituted by a butyl group at position 4.


dihydrocanadensolide

A member of the class of furofurans that is tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2,4-dione substituted at positions 3 and 6 by methyl and butyl groups respectively (the 3R,3aR,6S,6aS-stereoisomer).


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone substituted by an ethoxy group at position 5.


SANGUINOLIGNAN C

A  lignan isolated from the leaves of Piper sanguineispicum.


asperlactone

A member of the class of butenolides that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by (2S,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl and (1S)-1-hydroxyethyl group at positions 3 and 5R, respectively. It is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus that exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties.


butyrolactone II

Major microspecies at pH 7.3


gamma-caprolactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by an ethyl group at position 5.


PARAMINABEOLIDE D

A withanolide that is 23,26-epoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 26. Isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala, it has been found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein.


artemoin A

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 19 and 20.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-valerolactone in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 3-sulfooxy-4-hydroxyphenyl group.


An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is isolated from Streptomyces sp. A54238. It exhibits inhibitory efficacy against the growth of human tumour cells.


plakortolide L

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


mycophenolic acid

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.


A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


carlosic acid

A tetronic acid derivative that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by butanoyl, hydroxy, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively (the S enantiomer).


A butan-4-olide having a bromomethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


THUNBERGINOL F

An isobenzofuranone that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of  Scorzonera judaica.


calcein am

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is  calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.


EUTYPOID B

A  butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group at position 4 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


MATAIRESINOSIDE

A lignan that is (-)-matairesinol in which one of the phenolic hydroxy groups has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


homoserine lactone

A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.


N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having butyryl as the acyl substituent.


seco-plakortolide K

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


agglomerin F

A butenolide that is the methyl ester of 4-(4-hydroxy-5-methylidene-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid


artemoin C

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 15 and 16.


gamma-valerolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.


citrafungin B

A carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of the 4-carboxy group of (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-{(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-[(1E,5Z,8Z)-tetradeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}butanedioic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-carboxy-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentaric acid. It is a fungal metabolite that acts as an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I(GGTase I) of pathogenic fungal species.


5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid

A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having the C=C double bond at the 3,4-position.


isopatulin

A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 an 6 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. Also known as neopatulin, it is a mycotoxic substance produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran substituted by oxo, methyl, hydroxy and hydroxy groups at positions 1,4,5, and 7, respectively. It is a natural product found in several genera of fungi including Eurotium repens.


A butan-4-olide having a 2-bromoethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


A aldonolactone phosphate that is L-arabino-1,4-lactone carrying a single phospho substituent at position 5.


(S)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the S-enantiomer of ofurace.


DESOXYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN

A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.


paraminabeolide F

A withanolide that is 18,22:23,26-diepoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3, 18 and 26. It has been isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala.


A butan-4-olide carrying acyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively and having 3R,4R-configuration.


name: 3-furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-propyl-, (2r,3s)-rel-


A gamma-lactone that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups (the 5S-stereoisomer).


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


CHAETOVIRIDIN I

An  azaphilone found in Chaetomium globosum.


The 2-chloro derivative of cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


plakortolide N

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


name: 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-, (2R,3S)-rel-


TRILOBACIN

A polyketide isolated from the bark of Asimina triloba. It has been shown to exhibit  cytotoxicity in the NCI human tumor cell line screen.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone with a 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 3 and a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4 (the 3R,4R-stereoisomer).


PARAMINABEOLIDE C

A withanolide that is 23,26-epoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by an acetyloxy group at position 18, a hydroxy group at position 22 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 26.  Isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala, it has been found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a phenyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.  It is a chemical allergen used for immunological experiments, particularly for experiments on delayed type hypersensitivity.


5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ylacetic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 5.


A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


EUTYPOID E

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


gamma-dodecalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by an octyl group at position 5.


decatromicin A

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic isolated from Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. It specifically inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 and menthicilin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA).


A aldonolactone phosphate that is D-xylono-1,4-lactone carrying a single phospho substituent at position 5.


citrafungin A

A carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of 4-carboxy group of (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-{(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-[(1E,5Z)-tetradeca-1,5-dien-1-yl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}butanedioic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-carboxy-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentaric acid. It is a fungal metabolite that acts as an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I(GGTase I) of pathogenic fungal species.


An isobenzofuranone that is thunberginol F attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica .


auricin

An angucycline-like polyketide discovered in Streptomyces aureofaciens that is only stable at acidic pH.


paraminabeolide E

A withanolide that is the C-25 epimer of paraminabeolide D. It has been isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a 2-furyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


A lignan isolated from the leaves Piper sanguineispicum.


The trans-isomer of 2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl homoserine lactone that has L configuration.


seco-plakortolide O

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradeca-11,13-dien-1-yl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a 4-methyl substituent.


The (S)-enantiomer of 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid.


teniposide

A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.


MONODICTYOCHROMONE B

A  chromanone isolated from the marine derived fungus Monodictys putredinis and exhibits inhibitory activity against P450.


GIGANTRIONENIN

A member of the class of oxolanes that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by a 7-[5-methyl-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]heptyl at position 2 and a 1,4,5-trihydroxyhenicos-8-en-1-yl group at position 5. Isolated from Goniothalamus giganteus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having dodecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


ELAEODENDROSIDE B

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


seco-plakortolide P

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradeca-11,13-dien-1-yl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4S,5S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


HINOKININ

A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).


A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


name: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-hexenoic acid gamma lactone


MATAIRESINOL

A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).


dihydroanhydropodorhizol

A member of the class of butan-4-olides carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


The (R)-enantiomer of 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid.


An organochlorine compound that is 2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 4 and an oxo group at position 5.


Z-butylidenephthalide

A  gamma-lactone that is  phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits  hypoglycemic activity.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a beta-styryl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


phloxine O

A xanthene dye that is  fluorescein in which the hydrogens at positions 2',4',5' and 7' are replaced by bromo groups, and the hydrogens at positions 4,5,6 and 7 are replaced by chloro groups. It is a red synthetic pigment which is widely used in colored cosmetics (e.g. lipsticks and blushers).


(E)-ascladiol

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4 and a 2-hydroxyethylidene group at position 5 (the 5E isomer). A direct precursor of patulin in cell-free preparations of Penicillium urticae patulin-minus mutants J1 and S11, but not S15.


An organosulfonic acid that consists of 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid bearing a sulfo group at position 2.


carlosic acid methyl ester

The methyl ester of carlosic acid.


plakortolide M

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


gamma-decalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted at position 3 by a 5-oxofuran-2-ylidene group.


5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid

The 4,5-dihydro- derivative of 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid.


decatromicin B

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic isolated from Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. It specifically inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 and menthicilin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA).


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid that is muconolactone substituted at position 5 by a chloro group.


isoaigialone B

A gamma-lactone that is 3,4,5,7-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b]pyran substituted by heptyl, methyl, hydroxy, hydroxy, oxo and methyl groups at positions 2R, 3S, 3S, 4R, 5 and 7R, respectively. It is isolated from the endophytic fungus Phaeoacremonium sp. and exhibits antifungal activities.


vitamin C

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.


gallein

A xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.


A five-membered form of ribonolactone having D-configuration.


ofurace

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ofurace.


MONODICTYOCHROMONE A

A chromanone isolated from the marine derived fungus Monodictys putredinis and exhibits inhibitory activity against P450.


MICROPERFURANONE

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a phenyl group at position 3, a benzyl group at position 4, and a hydroxy group at position 5 (the (-)-enantiomer). A secondary metabolite obtained from Aspergillus nidulans.


ELAEODENDROSIDE F

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


L-ascorbic acid

The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.


ISOASPULVINONE E

A 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one in which the double bond adopts an E-configuration. It is a marine metabolite isolated from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibits antiviral activity.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butanolactone substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4.


5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

A gamma-lactone resulting from the formal intramolecular condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid with the carboxy group at position 5.


A member of the class of butenolides that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl, hydroxy and 4-hydroxybenzylidene groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.


tulipalin B

A member of the class of butan-4-olides that is 3-methylidenebutan-4-olide carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4 (the 4R-enantiomer)


A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.


A butenolide that is (5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


A butan-4-olide that is 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue


γ-butyrolactone

A  butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.


hydramacrophyllol B

An isobenzofuranone that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and a (R)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


A butenolide having a carboxymethylene group at the 4-position.


sarmentologenin

A steroid lactone that is card-20(22)-enolide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 11, 14 and 19.


Any gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.


artemoin

A family of gamma-lactones that are isolated from the seeds of Annona atemoya.


A butenolide that is furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5 (the 3E stereoisomer). It is isolated from the fermentation broth of the fungal strain Rhizoctonia solani F23372 and has been found to possess significant tyrosine kinase inhibitory potential. It also inhibits the growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma and MKN-7 human stomach cancer cell lines.


A 1,3-oxazolone derivative having a nitrophenyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


(-)-pluviatolide

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one which is substituted by a vanillyl group at position 3 and by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at position 4 (the R,R stereoisomer).


Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


A 1,3-oxazole having benzyl, hydroxymethylene and oxo groups at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


plakortolide K

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 4. Isolated from an edible mushroom  Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii, it exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dependent cell death.


PATULIN

A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.


An N-acyl-D-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


A butenolide that is 3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one carrying an additional 2-hydroxyethanimidoyl substituent at position 5.


An organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is a 21-membered macrocyclic lactam, substituted by a ({1-[(cyclohex-1-en-1-ylcarbonyl)amino]cyclopropyl}carbonyl)oxy group at position 17, which is obtained from Streptomyces sp. TC-1190. It exhibits growth inhibitory effects on a series of human tumour cell lines.


A 3-enoyl-CoA in which the beta C=C double bond has cis stereochemistry.


A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (Z)-hex-3-enoic acid.


A 4,5-dihydrocortisone that has beta- configuration at position 5.


A ribonucleic acid that is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in which one of the RNA bases is N(3)-methylpseudouridine.


name: N-[2-[(3-chloroanilino)-oxomethoxy]ethyl]carbamic acid propan-2-yl ester


A  monosaccharide derivative that is the 7-O-glucuronide of dihydroresveratrol .


A member of the class of aflatoxins that is 8,9-dihydro-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 having an S-glutathionyl moiety attached at position 8.


A muconic semialdehyde that is 6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 2Z,4E isomer).


TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.


L-vinylglycine

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.


A cyclohexadienecarboxylic acid that is cyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1 and 6 by hydroxy groups which are both on the same side of the plane of the cyclohexadiene ring.


The (1R,6S)-diastereomer of 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2-oxopentanoic acid in which C-3 is methyl-substituted and C-5 is substituted by a carbamimidamido group.


Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

description: An exceedingly rare, high-grade variant of conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells and variable amount of tumor osteoid.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a benzylnitrilo group at position 4.


Halogenated cyanine compound that binds nucleic acids.


A 2-demethylmenaquinol whose structure comprises a benzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of twelve isoprenoid units.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).


An imidazopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl group. A potent inhibitor of AKT1 kinase.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine bearing an aminomethyl substituent at the 7 position.


pemetrexed

An N-acylglutamic acid in which the N-acyl group is specified as 4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).


TOYOCAMYCIN

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.


ruxolitinib

A pyrazole substituted at position 1 by a 2-cyano-1-cyclopentylethyl group and at position 3 by a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl group. Used as the phosphate salt for the treatment of patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, including primary myelofibrosis, post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis.


An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the ribose moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen.


sangivamycic acid

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a carboxy group.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).


pevonedistat

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a methyl[(3R,4R)-4-methyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-3-yl]nitrilo group. It is a potent JAK3-selective chemical probe.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine bearing a carboxylic acid substituent at the 7 position.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 7-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).


antalarmin

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 6, by a mesityl group at position 7, and in which the amino substituent at position 4 has been substituted by ethyl and butyl groups. It is an antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF-1) receptors (Ki = 1 nM).


epoxyqueuine

An epoxide obtained by formal epoxidation of the double bond in the cyclohexene moiety of queuine.


baricitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a 1-[3-(cyanomethyl)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl group at position 5. It is an FDA approved selective Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


mirodenafil

A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one having a 5-{[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-propoxyphenyl group at positon 2, ethyl group at position 5, and a propyl group at position 7. It is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.


tofacitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.


Lck inhibitor

A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine substituted at position 7 by a cyano group.


tubercidin

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.


ritlecitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by a [(3R,6S)-6-methyl-1-(prop-2-enoyl)piperidin-3-yl]amino group. It is a dual inhibitor of Janus kinase 3 and the TEC family of tyrosine kinases.


A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by (1-phenylethyl)amino and 4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively.


A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine which has been substituted at position 5 by a 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl group, the nitrogen of which has been acylated by a (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetyl group. An orally bioavailable PERK inhibitor.


delgocitinib

A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a (3S,4R)-1-(cyanoacetyl)-3-methyl-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group at position 4. It is a pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).


eritrityl tetranitrate

Erythritol in which each of the hydroxy groups has been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to nitroglycerin. It is usually used diluted with lactose or other suitable inert excipients, in order to minimise the risk of explosion; undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate can be exploded by percussion or excessive heat.


name: Stage IIIB Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage III Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); IIIB (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage IIIA Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


A C21-steroid that is cortisone in which the 21-hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde.


A C21-steroid that is progesterone carrying two additional oxo substituents at positions 11 and 21


A C21-steroid that is cortisol in which the 21-hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde.


ERIBULIN MESYLATE

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of eribulin with one equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage.


Pancreatic Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the pancreas.


maple red-orange 620

A nanocrystalline fluorescent dye with an emission wavelength of 620 nm.


MONURON

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.


Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplastic lesion that shows morphologic evidence of invasion into the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion into the submucosa.  Evidence of invasion may refer to stromal invasion by single cells or clusters of cells, presence of atypical and complex glandular architectural patterns beyond those that are present in normal mucosa, desmoplasia, and/or vascular invasion.


Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the gastric glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria but not the submucosa.  There is marked glandular crowding, branching and budding, intraluminal necrosis, and prominent mitotic activity.  Desmoplastic changes may be present or absent.


Esophageal Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: Adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is confined entirely to the mucosa.


auranofin

An S-glycosyl compound consisting of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose with the sufur atom coordinated to (triethylphosphoranylidene)gold. It is administered orally for the treatment of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis.


MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

The hydrochloride salt of pethidine. An analgesic used for the treatment of postoperative and labour pain.


N-terminal L-(Asp/Glu)3 residue

N-terminal tripeptidic residue, composed of acidic L amino-acid (L-Asp or L-Glu); major microspecies at pH 7.3.


N-terminal L-Asp-L-Asp-L-Asp residue; major microspecies at pH 7.3


N-terminal N-acetyl-L-Asp-L-Asp-L-Asp residue


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecanol containing a double bond at unspecified position.


Thrombophilia Related to COVID-19

description: Thrombophilia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Reactive B-Cell Rich Lymphoid Proliferations that Can Mimic Lymphoma

description: A term that refers to non-neoplastic, dense B-cell lymphoproliferations in nodal or extranodal sites that resemble B-cell lymphoma.


SONIDEGIB PHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt obtained by reaction sonidegib with two equivalent of phosphoric acid. Used for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.


A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a 3-methylphenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 6 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.


secondary phosphine

A compound derived from phosphane by substituting two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of ascr#10.


A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine and 4-iodo-D-phenylalanine.


(S)-sertaconazole nitrate

An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of (S)-sertaconazole and nitric acid.


maradolipid

A polyacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose in which the two hydroxy hydrogens at positions 6 and 6' of alpha,alpha-trehalose have been replaced by fatty acyl groups. A 6,6'-diacyltrehalose lipid found in C. elegans dauer larvae.


A disaccharide that is D-glycopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-L-fucoside.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


NICOTINALDEHYDE

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine substituted by a formyl group at position 3.


A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group.


A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-4-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group, hydroxy group and formyl group at positions 2,3 and 5, respectively.


isopyridoxal

A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-5-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 4 respectively.


A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of 11a-hydroxyiodtetracycline; major species at pH 7.3.


SAMPANGINE

A copyrine alkaloid with formula C15H8N2O, extracted from several plants including the stem bark of Cananga odorata. It is a heme biosynthesis inhibitor and exhibits antifungal and anticancer properties.


4-amino-4-deoxychorismic acid

A dicarboxylic acid comprising chorismic acid having its 4-hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.


1-O-glyceryl beta-D-galactopyranoside

A 3-D-galactosyl glycerol in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydrogen has beta configuration.


A glycophytoceramide having a 4-O-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. One of a series of an extensive set of 4"-O-alkylated alpha-GalCer analogues evaluated (PMID:30556652) as invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) antigens.


A pyrrolopyrazine that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a methyl group.


platinum cation

A transition element cation that is a form of platinum having had electrons removed resulting in the 2+, 3+, or 4+ cation.


ganglioside GM2 (18:0)

A  sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.


A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of the tetrasaccharide beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


ketoestrane

Any oxo steroid (or derivative) based on an estrane skeleton.


name: Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Periosteal fibrosarcoma

description: A malignant fibroblastic tumor arising from the periosteal connective tissue that surrounds a bone.


description: A rare malignant tumor of soft tissue characterized by a bimorphic pattern composed of undifferentiated small round cells and islands of well differentiated hyaline cartilage.


name: Very Low Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


Extraskeletal Osteoma

description: A rare benign overgrowth of bone arising from extraskeletal sites.


Angiosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An angiosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


Benign stromal tumor

description: A benign neoplasm composed of mesenchymal stromal cells without evidence of cellular atypia.


Advanced Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Non-Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma

description: A leiomyosarcoma arising from an anatomic site other than skin.


Hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma metastatic

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma which has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Very Low Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Very Low Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Kaposi Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A Kaposi sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 3


name: High Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of skin

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the skin.


name: Very Low Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: High Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Epithelioid Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: An epithelioid sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Very Low Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Intermediate Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Angiomyosarcoma

description: A malignant smooth muscle neoplasm characterized by the presence of atypical spindle cells and formation of vascular channels.


Benign Orbit Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Leiomyosarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A leiomyosarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: High Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Unresectable Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: High Risk Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Sarcoma NCI Grade 2

description: A sarcoma with less than 15% necrosis.


name: Intermediate Risk Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Malignant hemangiopericytoma recurrent

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes, which has recurred after treatment.


Giant cell sarcoma

description: A sarcoma characterized by the presence of large, anaplastic malignant cells.


name: High Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 2


Mixed osteosarcoma

description: A term referring to conventional osteosarcomas which do not have a dominant matrix pattern and contain a mixture of osteoid matrix in combination with chondroid matrix and/or collagen fibers.


Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma with lipomatous differentiation.


name: Solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma grade 1

description: A hemangiopericytoma without malignant morphologic or clinical characteristics.


Metastatic Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes without evidence of metastases.


name: Intermediate Risk Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


name: Storiform-Pleomorphic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma NCI Grade 2


name: Intermediate Risk Esophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


Benign Mediastinal Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum.


Benign Kidney Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the kidney.


Refractory Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


description: A morphologic variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells, histiocytic cells, and a storiform growth pattern.


name: Well Differentiated Malignant Hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma with well-differentiated morphological features.


name: Malignant Hemangiopericytoma NCI Grade 3


name: Intermediate Risk Colorectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor


A primary nitroalkane that is 2-methylbutane substituted by a nitro group at position 4. It is a herbivore-induced plant volatile found in the leaves of Oenothera biennis.


(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is caprylic (octanoic) acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy and methyl grous respectively.


lyxonic acid

A pentonic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of the aldehyde group of lyxose to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


L-lyxonic acid

A lyxonic acid that has L-configuration.


D-lyxonic acid

A lyxonic acid that has D-configuration.


methyl beta-(acetylthio)isobutyrate

A methyl ester derived from beta-(acetylthio)isobutyric acid.


name: 4-[4-[3-(2-furanyl)prop-2-enylidene]-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-pyrazolyl]benzoic acid propan-2-yl ester


pentofuranose

The furanose form of any pentose.


Congenital Ventricular Tachycardia

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates in the ventricles that is present at birth.


L-leucine 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide

An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-leucine with the amino group of 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine.


name: Skene Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra

description: A rare urethral adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


11-sulfooxy-9,10-dihydrojasmonic acid

A dihydrojasmonic acid that is 9,10-dihydrojasmonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens at position 11 has been replaced by a sulfooxy group.


Refractory Anaplastic Ependymoma

description: Anaplastic ependymoma that is resistant to treatment.


An eight-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence L-leucine, L-serine, L-alpha-glutamic acid, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, L-threonine, L-lysine, D-leucine.


quercetin O-glucoside

A quercetin O-glycoside that is an O-glucosylated derivative of quercetin.


quercetin 3,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 4'.


CALABRICOSIDE A

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached respectively via a glycosidic linkage at positions 3 and 7 of quercetin. It is isolated from the aerial parts of  Putoria calabrica and exhibits radical scavenging activity.


quercetin 7,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 7 and 4'.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-[6'''-p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-rhamnopyranosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


quercetin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 7.


quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside carrying an additional alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3.


CALABRICOSIDE B

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a 4''-O-caffeoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety is attached respectively via a glycosidic linkage to positions 3 and 7 of quercetin. It is isolated from the aerial parts of Putoria calabrica and exhibits radical scavenging activity.


SPIRAEOSIDE

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sambubiosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidc linkage.


camellianoside

A quercetin O-glucoside consisting of quercetin having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3. It is isolated from the leaves of Camellia japonica and exhibits antioxidant activity.


quercetin 3-O-gentiotetroside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sophorotriosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


ISOQUERCETIN

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells


A quercetin O-glucoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 and a alpha-L-6'''-p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


petiolaroside decaacetate

A quercetin O-glucoside that is the decaacetate ester derivative of  petiolaroside. Isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium staphisagria, it exhibits trypanocidal activity.


TRANSILIN

A quercetin O-glucoside that is 3-O-methylquercetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Ophioglossum pedunculosum and Lepisorus contortus.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is the 2''-acetyl derivative of petiolaroside. Isolated from the aerial parts of   Delphinium staphisagria, it exhibits trypanocidal activity.


QUERCIMERITRIN

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is  quercetin attached to a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


rutoside

A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 5-taurinomethyluridine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal N-methyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-lysinyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


cationic peptidyl group

An organic cationic group obtained by protonation of any peptide group; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-alanyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-alanyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-lysinyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-seryl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-seryl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal N,N-dimethyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-glutaminyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-glutaminyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-valyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-valyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-threonyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-threonyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-lysinyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-lysyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-lysinyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-phenylalanyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-phenylalanyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-methyl-L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at pH 7.3


A cationic peptidyl group that is N-terminal glycyl-L-lysyl-L-glutamate(1+) residue in which the hydrogen of the glycyl ammonium ion has been been substituted by a methyl group.


A cationic peptidyl group that is N-terminal glycyl-L-lysyl-L-glutamate(1+) residue in which two hydrogen's of the glycyl ammonium ion have been been substituted by methyl groups.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal N,N-dimethyl-L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at p 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-leucyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-leucyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-lysyl(2+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the terminal and side-chain amino groups of L-methionyl-L-lysyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-leucyl-L-lysyl(2+) group

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of both amino groups of L-leucyl-L-lysyl group; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-tyrosyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-tyrosyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of N-terminal N,N-dimethyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


L-methionyl-L-tryptophyl(1+) residue

A cationic dipeptide group obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of L-methionyl-L-tryptophyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of N-terminal N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the two amino groups of N-terminal N-methyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-lysinyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A cationic peptidyl group that is N-terminal glycyl-L-lysyl-L-glutamate(1+) residue in which all three hydrogen's of the glycyl ammonium ion have been been substituted by methyl groups.


A cationic peptidyl group obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino groups of N-terminal N,N,N-trimethyl-L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl residue. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


Unresectable Vaginal Carcinoma

description: Vaginal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


N-arachidonoyl-L-leucine

An L-leucine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of L-leucine.


Cytomegalovirus hepatitis

description: Hepatitis secondary to viral infection with cytomegalovirus.


name: Non-Neoplastic Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver parenchyma and the intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholangitis.


Secondary Biliary Cholangitis

description: Biliary cirrhosis due to obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts.


Post-Hepatitis Chronic Hepatopathy

description: Chronic liver disease that occurs secondary to, and after recovery from, hepatitis.


Severe Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension with variceal bleeding, ascites, chronic jaundice, or status post liver transplantation.


Mitochondrial hepatopathy

description: A liver disorder caused by primary or secondary defects in the function of the mitochondria in the hepatocytes.


Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver

description: A non-neoplastic, regenerating hepatocellular hyperplasia, secondary to the presence of focal vascular abnormalities in the liver.


Hepatitis toxoplasmal

description: Hepatitis caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.


Mild Liver Disease

description: Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without portal hypertension.


name: Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis B

description: Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis b infection.


Viral hepatitis, type G

description: A form of liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis G virus.


Central hemorrhagic necrosis of liver

description: A disorder in which damaged or dying hepatocytes severely impair venous outflow leading to sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage.


Chronic liver disease

description: Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests.


Congestive hepatopathy

description: Chronic passive congestion of the liver secondary to right heart failure. Elevation of central venous pressure leads to restriction of the hepatic circulation. Prolonged hepatic venous pressure may lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.


Hepatic sclerosis

description: A thickening of the liver parenchyma. Hepatic sclerosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis may exist along a continuum.


Acute Hepatitis E Infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis E virus, which is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. Signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools and joint pain. There is no specific anti-viral treatment, the infection resolves on its own.


Liver calculus

description: The presence of solitary or multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Moderate Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis with portal hypertension but without any history of variceal bleeding.


name: Liver Disease Associated with Cystic Fibrosis

description: A spectrum of liver disorders that develop in patients with cystic fibrosis. It includes asymptomatic elevation of the liver function tests, steatosis, cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma.


Chronic viral hepatitis

description: Chronic hepatitis caused by viruses, most commonly hepatitis viruses B and C.


Alcoholic Cirrhosis with Ascites

description: A disorder of the liver secondary to the excessive consumption of ethanol that is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Ductal plate malformation

description: A congenital disorder of the intrahepatic bile ducts characterized by abnormal embryonal development of the ductal plates.


Hepatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the liver.


An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin in which the hydroxyl hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by rutinosyl and glucosyl residues respectively.


N-tetracosenoylsphingosine

An acylsphingosine in which the acyl moiety contains 24 carbons and 1 double bond.


An N-tetracosenoylsphingosine in which the double bond in the ceramide acyl group is located at position 15 (the Z-geoisomer.


naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


A perchlorometallate anion having six chlorines and rhodium(IV) as the metal component.


chlorometallate anion

An anionic coordination entity where chlorido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre.


A perchlorometallate anion having six chlorines and rhodium(III) as the metal component.


perchlorometallate anion

An anionic coordination entity where all of the ligands coordinated to the metal atom are chlorido ligands.


A perchlorometallate anion having six chlorines and ruthenium(IV) as the metal component.


A perchlorometallate anion having four chlorines and palladium(II) as the metal component.


chlorooxometallate anion

An anionic coordination entity where chlorido and oxido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre.


A perchlorometallate anion having six chlorines and palladium(IV) as the metal component.


tricaine

A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of tricaine with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. Used as an anaesthetic for fish.


diarylmethane

Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.


name: 2,2-diphenylacetic acid 1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propan-2-yl ester


A diarylmethane in which the two aryl groups are specified as 5-methylfuran-2-yl and pyrrol-3-yl.


name: (9R, 22R)-bisphenol A bis (9, 22-hydroxy-10, 23-anthranilicacid-propyl)


name: 2-[[[4-[[(diphenylmethyl)amino]-oxomethyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-oxomethyl]amino]acetic acid tert-butyl ester


chlophedianol

A diarylmethane that is 2-chlorophenyl(phenyl)methane substituted on the methane carbon by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. Used in the treatment of dry cough, it suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre in the medulla of the brain.


A diamine that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which both amino groups are substituted by diphenylmethyl groups. It is an allosteric agonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7).


name: 2-amino-5-[(4-amino-3-methoxycarbonylphenyl)methyl]benzoic acid methyl ester


amperozide

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs.


An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 5-methyl-4-nitro-1,2-oxazole-3-carbonyl and bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor which induces ferroptosis in cancer cells expressing the RAS oncogene.


name: 4-oxo-3-[(1-oxo-2,2-diphenylethyl)amino]-2-sulfanylidene-1H-quinazoline-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester


A diarylmethane that is diphenylmethane substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2 and 2', methoxy groups st positions 3 and 3', and propyl groups at positions 5 and 5' respectively.


methadone

A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.


name: 2,2-diphenylacetic acid (2,6-dimethylphenyl) ester


oxatomide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.


DIPHENYLMETHANE

A diarylmethane that is methane substituted by two phenyl groups.


ESMETHADONE

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.


bisphenol F

A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.


bisphenol F diglycidyl ether

An aromatic ether that is bisphenol F where the hydrogens of both hydroxy groups have been replaced by a oxiran-2-ylmethyl group.


name: 2-(phenylmethyl)benzoic acid [2-[4-(difluoromethylthio)anilino]-2-oxoethyl] ester


(-)-methadone

A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.


benproperine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-benproperine. It is used as a cough suppressant in non-productive cough.


(+)-SECOISOLARICIRESINOL

An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.


A 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP in which the 5-phospho-D-ribosyl residue has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


An N-acyl-D-galactosylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxylignoceroyl.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


dehydro-lysinonorleucine cross-link

A collagen cross-link having an aldimine-type structure, formed by condensation of a telopeptide lysine-aldehyde with a helical lysine residue.


name: 2-[2-(2-furanyl)-5-methyl-7-oxo-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl]acetic acid methyl ester


multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA

A branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any multi-methyl-branched fatty acid.


Pristanoyl-CoA in which C-2 of the pristanoyl group has R-configuration.


A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,6-dimethylheptanoic acid.


The 2R stereoisomer of 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl-CoA.


farnesoyl-CoA

A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of farnesoic acid.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3,4,4-trimethylhepta-2,5-dienoic acid.


The 2S stereoisomer of 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl-CoA.


CANALINE

A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is substituted by an aminooxy group. It has been isolated from legumes and plays an essential role in lugume chemical defense against insects.


name: Gastrointestinal malfunction arising from mental factors

description: A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.


The (S)-enantiomer of 2,6-dimethylheptyl hydrogen sulfate.


copper(II) phthalocyanine

A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes.


T=9 icosahedral viral capsid

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=9 symmetry. The T=9 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 80 hexameric capsomeres.


AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride obtained by combining amantadine and hydrochloric acid in equimolar amounts.


DIBROMOMETHANE

A member of the class of  bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.


bromomethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by bromine.


tetrabromomethane

A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.


BROMOMETHANE

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.


Childhood Cystic Nephroma

description: A cystic nephroma that occurs in very young children.


Childhood Benign Kidney Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the kidney and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

description: A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


name: Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm by Anatomic Region


Cervical Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervical esophagus.


FLUOROBENZENE

Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.


A secondary carboxamide that is 2-amino-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl group.


anticapsin

An alanine derivative that is L-alanine bearing a 5-oxo-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-yl substituent at position 3.


A phytoceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as docosanoyl (behenoyl).


name: 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid [(9R,10R)-9-acetyloxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-9,10-dihydropyrano[2,3-f][1]benzopyran-10-yl] ester


4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine residue

A nL-lysine residue that is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 5; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


alpha-amino-acid cation residue

An amino-acid cation residue in which the site of protonation is on the alpha-amino nitrogen.


N(6)-(S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysine residue protonated on both the alpha- and side-chain amino groups.


N-terminal L-Glu-L-Glu-L-Glu residue; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


L-methioninium (S)-S-oxide residue

L-methionine (S)-S-oxide residue protonated on nitrogen.


name: N-terminal L-leucyl-L-alpha-amino acid(1+) residue

description: An alpha-amino-acid cation residue derived from N-terminal L-leucyl-L-alpha-amino acid residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methioniniumyl group

The organic cationic group formed from L-methioninium; the major structure at pH 7.3 of the L-methionyl group, formed by protonation of the alpha-amino group.


(5S)-5-hydroxy-L-lysinium residue

An L-lysinium residue that is substituted by an hydroxy group at position 5 (the 5S stereoisomer); major microspecies at pH 7.3.


N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysinium(1+) residue

N(6)-Lipoyl-L-lysine residue protonated on the nitrogen at C-2.


name: N-terminal L-arginyl-L-alpha-amino acid(2+) residue

description: An alpha-amino-acid cation residue derived from N-terminal L-arginyl-L-alpha-amino acid residue; major species at pH 7.3.


5-hydroxy-L-lysinium residue

An L-lysinium residue that is substituted by an hydroxy group at position 5; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


N(6)-Dihydrolipoyl-L-lysine residue protonated on the nitrogen at C-2.


3-sulfino-L-alanyl residue

N-terminal 3-sulfino-L-alanyl residue; major species at pH 7.3.


N(tele)-methyl-L-histidinium residue

N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine residue protonated on the alpha-nitrogen.


(3S)-3-hydroxy-L-lysine(1+) residue

An amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-lysine residue residue; major species at pH 7.3.


L-methioninium (R)-S-oxide residue

L-methionine (R)-S-oxide residue protonated on nitrogen.


L-methioninium residue

L-Methionine residue protonated on nitrogen.


N-terminal alpha-amino-acid(1+) residue

An alpha-amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the amino function of any N-terminal alpha-amino-acid residue; major species at pH 7.3.


An alpha-amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of (5R)-5-(beta-D-galactosyloxy)-L-lysine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


diphthamide(2+) residue

Diphthamide residue protonated on the alpha-nitrogen.


An alpha-amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of (5R)-5-[(alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl)oxy]-L-lysine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


(5R)-5-hydroxy-L-lysine(1+) residue

An amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of (5R)-5-hydroxy-L-lysine residue residue; major species at pH 7.3.


name: N-terminal L-phenylalanyl-L-alpha-amino acid(1+) residue

description: An alpha-amino-acid cation residue derived from N-terminal L-phenylalanyl-L-alpha-amino acid residue; major species at pH 7.3.


4-hydroxy-L-lysine(1+) residue

An amino-acid cation residue obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino group of 4-hydroxy-L-lysine residue residue; major species at pH 7.3.


3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated alpha-amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


name: Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of kidney

description: A very rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the kidney.


name: Unresectable Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1 or T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0 or N1, M0).  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  T3: Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. Lesions have been divided into T3a, T3b, and T3c. T3a: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm. T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  N0: No lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma associated with biallelic somatic mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and characterized by the presence of neoplastic polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and cystic changes.


name: Unresectable Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is not amenable to surgical resection.


ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare renal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the chromosome 2p23 breakpoint that result in gene fusions between the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) and various gene partners.


Metastatic Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that develops in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


name: Refractory Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Childhood Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 4 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by extreme nuclear pleomorphism and/or sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid differentiation and/or tumor giant cells. (WHO, 1982 /ISUP 2014)


name: Recurrent Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: BAP1-Mutant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is associated with a mutation in BAP1 gene. These tumors are typically high grade and associated with poor outcome.


name: Metastatic Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage I Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Childhood Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Locally Advanced Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;17)(p11.2;q25)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q25) resulting in fusion of the ASPL and TFE3 genes.


name: Clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of kidney carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma, High Grade

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


name: Locally Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.