Joubert syndrome and related disorders

description: Joubert syndrome (JS) and related disorders (JSRD) are a group of developmental delay/multiple congenital anomaly syndromes in which the mandatory feature is the "molar tooth sign'' (MTS), a complex midbrain-hindbrain malformation recognizable on brain imaging. The MTS is characterized by cerebellar vermis hypodysplasia, thickening and malorientation of the superior cerebellar peduncles and abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa.


retinitis pigmentosa 61

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Any retinitis pigmentosa in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CLRN1 gene.


name: neu-laxova syndrome due to 3-phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency


name: negative rheumatoid factor polyarthritis


name: factor V and factor VIII, combined deficiency of, with normal protein C and protein C inhibitor


Huntington disease, Rhesus monkey

description: Huntington disease that occurs in Rhesus monkey.


isolated right ventricular hypoplasia

description: Isolated right ventricular hypoplasia (IRVH) is a rare congenital heart malformation characterized by underdevelopment of the right ventricle associated with patent foramen ovale or interauricular communication and normally developed tricuspid and pulmonary valves. IRVH manifests with severe cyanosis, congestive heart failure, and in severe cases, death in early infancy.


name: congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation


mosaic trisomy 17

description: Mosaic trisomy 17 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with a highly variable clinical presentation, mostly characterized by growth delay, intellectual disability, body asymmetry with leg length differentiation, scoliosis, and congenital heart anomalies (e.g. ventricular septal defect). Prenatal ultrasound findings include intrauterine growth retardation, nuchal thickening brain anomalies (e.g. cerebellar hypoplasia), pleural effusion and single umbilical artery. Patients with no associated malformations have also been reported.


MERTK-related retinopathy

description: An inherited retinopathy caused by bi-allelic variants in the MERTK gene.


name: dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, domestic cat

description: Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency that occurs in domestic cat.


name: autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1

description: Renal pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (renal PHA1) is a mild form of primary mineralocorticoid resistance restricted to the kidney.


spinocerebellar ataxia type 5

description: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a rare subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type III (ADCA type III) characterized by the early-onset of cerebellar signs with eye movement abnormalities and a very slow disease progression.


xeroderma pigmentosum group F

description: Any xeroderma pigmentosum in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ERCC4 gene.


name: silver-Russell syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7

description: Silver-Russell syndrome due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 is a genetic malformation syndrome with short stature characterized by severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, feeding difficulties, body asymmetry, dysmorphic craniofacial features (triangular-shaped face, relative macrocephaly, frontal bossing, micrognathia, down-turned corners of the mouth) and other anomalies (fifth finger clinodactyly, café au lait macules, male genital anomalies, mild developmental delay and/or speech delay with movement disorders).


chronic eosinophilic leukemia

description: A rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a clonal proliferation of eosinophilic precursors resulting in persistently increased numbers of eosinophils in the blood, marrow and peripheral tissues.  Since acute eosinophilic leukemia is at best exceedingly rare, the term eosinophilic leukemia is normally used as a synonym for chronic eosinophilic leukemia.  In cases in which it is impossible to prove clonality and there is no increase in blast cells, the diagnosis of "idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome" is preferred.  (WHO, 2001)


name: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, IIA 1H


main bronchus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the main bronchus.


African iron overload

description: African iron overload is a rare disorder described in sub-Saharan African populations and is characterized by iron overload due to excess dietary iron intake and possibly genetic factors, leading to hepatic portal fibrosis and micronodular cirrhosis.


name: testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumor

description: A testicular germ cell tumor characterized by the absence of a seminomatous component. It includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, and mixed forms.


name: craniosynostosis cleft lip palate arthrogryposis


name: childhood testicular mixed germ cell cancer

description: A malignant mixed germ cell neoplasm that arises from the testis during childhood.


eosinophilic meningitis

description: Meningitis in which eosinophils predominate in the cerebrospinal fluid.


description: A disorder characterized by an enduring pattern of inflexibility, extreme orderliness, and perfectionism which interfere with efficiency and which may manifest in many different contexts, including work and leisure activities, financial matters, and issues of morality or ethics.


Cayman type cerebellar ataxia

description: Cerebellar ataxia, Cayman type is characterized by psychomotor retardation, hypotonia and cerebellar dysfunction (nystagmus, ataxic gait, truncal ataxia, dysarthric speech and intention tremor), associated with cerebellar hypoplasia.


Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome

description: A rare peripheral neuropathy characterized by slowly progressive axonal, motor greater than sensory polyneuropathy combined with neuromytonia (including spontaneous muscular activity at rest (myokymia), impaired muscle relaxation (pseudomyotonia), and contractures of hands and feet) and neuromyotonic or myokymic discharges on needle EMG. It presents with distal lower limb weakness with gait impairment, muscle stiffness, fasciculations and cramps in hands and legs worsened by cold, decreased to absent tendon reflexes, intrinsic hand muscle atrophy and, variably, mild distal sensory impairment.


name: cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysequilibrium syndrome 4

description: Any dysequilibrium syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ATP8A2 gene.


name: autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency due to partial IL6ST deficiency


name: spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, autosomal recessive, Leroy-Spranger type


mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome 1

description: Any mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the BUB1B gene.


name: developmental delay with dysmorphic facies and dental anomalies


name: acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;16)(p11;p13) translocation

description: A distinct form of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in which this chromosomal anomaly is found de novo or in therapy-related AML cases, and is characterized by frequent extramedullary involvement (mainly hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathies, cutaneous infiltration, but also gum, bone, central nervous system, testicles involvement), severe coagulation disorder (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or primary fibrinolysis) and poor prognosis. Morphologically, a blast population with a myelomonocytic stage of differentiation is observed.


name: mitochondrial myopathy with reversible cytochrome C oxidase deficiency


name: postlingual non-syndromic genetic hearing loss

description: Postlingual non-syndromic genetic deafness is a rare, genetically highly heterogeneous otorhinolaryngologic disease, resulting from inner and/or middle ear or hearing nerve anomalies, typically characterized by progressive, bilateral, moderate to profound hearing loss (mean sensorineural hearing impairment equal to 40 dB or more for 500-, 1,000-, and 2,000-Hz frequency tones in the better ear) which occurs after the onset of speech development and is not associated with visible external ear abnormalities or any other medical problems. Language development is not initially significantly delayed.


A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl (meadoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted.


rigosertib

An N-[2-methoxy-5-({[2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]sulfonyl}methyl)phenyl]glycine in which the double bond has E-configuration. It is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1 with an IC50 of 9 nM and exhibits anti-cancer properties.


SULFURIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER

The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.


Circumscribed Morphea

description: A type of morphea in which the lesions are circular or ovoid, and may be superficial or deep. The superficial lesions can have an indurated, waxy, ivory colored center with surrounding erythema or violaceous color during the active stage. Deep lesions can be sclerotic and depressed from underlying atrophy, and may show minimal skin color changes. When there are several (greater than or equal to 4), larger (greater than 3cm) lesions on two or more body areas this is classified as "generalized morphea".


Plaque morphea

description: Circumscribed morphea in which the lesions are restricted to the skin and the immediately underlying subcutaneous tissues.


Deep Circumscribed Morphea

description: Circumscribed morphea in which the lesions are found in the deep dermis, panniculus, fascia, or superficial muscle.


Asn-Met-Trp-Asn

A tetrapeptide composed of L-asparagine, L-methionine, L-tryptophan and L-asparagine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.


N-malonyltransferase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichloroaniline + malonyl-CoA = N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamate + CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + malonyl-CoA = N(2)-malonyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + malonyl-CoA = N-malonylanthranilate + CoA.


polysaccharide sulfate

Any carbohydrate sulfate that is a polysaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.


fucoidan

A type of fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae, seaweed and sea-cucumbers.


dextran sulfate

A polymer composed of repeating (1->6)-alpha-linked anhydroglucose sulfate units.


carrageenan

A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae Chondrus crispus, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss).


PubChem CID 91849816

A polysaccharide with molecular formula C129H211N9O97S consisting of NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[Gal3S(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)]Man(a1-3)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-2)[NeuAc(a2-3)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-6)]Man(a1-6)]Man(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-6)]GlcNAc.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is henicosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10.


name: Unresectable Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Skin squamous cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Skin Carcinoma

description: Skin carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Unresectable Skin Basal Cell Carcinoma

description: Basal cell carcinoma of the skin that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

description: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck that is not amenable to surgical resection.


mercuric iodide

A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and iodine with formula HgI2.


mercuric chloride

A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.


mercury dibromide

A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and bromine with the formula HgBr2.


name: peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.


A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecanoyl and icosatetraenoyl respectively.


A 1-octadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol in which the 2-acyl group is specified as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl (arachidonoyl).


name: cellular response to potassium ion starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.


alpha-L-fructopyranose

A L-fructopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


achromobactin free acid

A tetracarboxylic acid obtained by protonation of the four carboxylate groups of achromobactin. A siderophore biosynthesized by prokaryotes.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + UDP-D-glucose = a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge.


chloroaniline

Any  substituted aniline carrying at least one chloro group.


A dichloroaniline carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.


A monochloroaniline that is p-toluidine in which one of the hydrogens that is meta to the amino group is replaced by a chlorine.


A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.


A monochlorobenzene that is the 3-trifluoromethyl derivative of 4-chloroaniline.


A dichloroaniline carrying chloro groups at positions 2 and 5.


A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group.


name: Small Intestinal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the small intestine.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Actinomycetoma

description: A chronic granulomatous inflammation involving the deep dermis and the subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by Actinomycetes bacteria.


name: G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity

description: Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


A cycloheptatriene with unsaturation at positions 1, 3 and 5.


name: 2-[(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazo]-2-oxoacetic acid ethyl ester


A alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->6)]-D-Glcp which has beta- configuration at the anomeric carbon.


A glucotriose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 6 have each been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-glucopyranosyl derivative.


A 2-penten-1-ol in which the double bond has (E)-configuration. It is a volatile compound found in cooked mussels, olive oil, fermented cucumber brine and cashew apple juice.


CCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-glutamine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-glutamine.


N-acylammonia

A carboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with ammonia.


pyrazinamide

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-threonine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-threonine.


acetylagmatine

A member of the class of guanidines that is agmatine acetylated at the N4-position.


cetoniacytone A

A member of the class of cyclohexenones that is (1R,5S,6R)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-en-2-one in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.


A high-mannose oligosaccharide that is alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-2-D-GlcpNAc inomeric hydroxy group of the terminal N-acetamidoglucose residue has alpha configuration.


acrylamide

A member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by phenyl and (3-acetamidophenyl)nitrilo groups, respectively.


A pyrazinecarboxamide in which a 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrazine nucleus is substituted on C-5 by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group and on C-2 by a butylcarbamyl group. A synthetic determinant of cefadroxil, it is a promising tool for determining in vitro cross-reactivity to cefadroxil in amoxicillin-allergic patients.


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-leucine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-leucine.


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-alanine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-alanine.


LACCACID ACID A

A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by two carboxy groups at positions 1 and 2 as well as a 5-(2-acetamidoethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 7. The major component of LAC dye together with laccaic acids B, C and D


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-serine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-serine.


acetamide

A member of the class of acetamides that results from the formal condensation of acetic acid with ammonia.


N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-tyrosine

A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-acetyl-L-methionine with the amino group of L-tyrosine.


isoretuline

A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C21H26N2O2.


A member of the class of indoles that is  acetamide substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. It is an intermediate in the production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA).


A tetrol that is N-(1-iminohexan-2-yl)acetamide in which the four hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 4, 5 and 6.


A high-mannose oligosaccharide that is beta-D-mannopyranose in which the hydrogens of hydroxy groups are replaced by an alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-group at position 6, an alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1right2)-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1right2)-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl group at position 3, and a chitobiose group at position 1.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by 2-fluorophenyl and (3-acetamidophenyl)nitrilo groups, respectively.


acetylblasticidin S

A member of the class of blasticidins that is blasticidin S in which the side-chain amino group is acetylated.


nikkomycin

A class of nucleoside-peptide antibiotics which inhibit fungal chitin biosynthesis by inhibiting chitin synthase. Generally consist of a heterocyclic moiety (usually a nucleobase), an amino hexuronic acid and an amino acid containing a pyridine ring.


A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside consisting of inosine where the 5'-hydroxy group is substituted by a methylsulfanyl group.


A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to 5-deoxyribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


NIKKOMYCIN

A uridine-based nucleoside-peptide antibiotic which inhibits fungal chitin biosynthesis by inhibiting chitin synthase.


An N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine in which the acyl group has 21 carbons and 2 double bonds.


methacrylyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of methacrylic acid.


M-factor

A nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence. A peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 25 carbons and 0 double bonds.


Any ceramide having 15-methylhexadecasphinganine as the sphingoid component.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 21 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 22 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 26 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 23 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 16 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 19 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 15 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 24 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 14 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 18 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 20 carbons and 0 double bonds.


A N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 17 carbons and 0 double bonds.


initiation of appressorium formation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


A flavanol that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene which is substituted at positions 3, 4, 5, and 7 by hydroxy groups, and at position 2 by a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group.


A flavan-3,3',4,4',5,5',7-heptol that has (2R,3S,4S) configuration.


An amino alcohol that is 2-amino-propane-1-ol in which one of the hydroxyl hydrogens is replaced by a hexedecyl group (the S-enantiomer).


amabiline

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-isopropylbutanoic acid with the hydroxy group of (7aS)-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydropyrrolizin-7-ylmethanol.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid

An alkaloid based on the structure of pyrrolizidine.


A pyrrolizidine alkaloid that is pyrrolizidine substituted by a formyl group at position 1.


(-)-(S)-chlorizidine A

An alkaloid natural product containing chlorinated pyrroloisoindolone and pyrrolizine rings found in a marine Streptomyces sp..


SENECIONINE

A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.


poly(thioether-sulfone) macromolecule

A poly(sulfone) macromolecule composed of units connected by alternating sulfonyl (-SO2-) and thioether (-S-) linkages.


cellular response to methanol

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of bitter taste

description: The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


name: magnetoreception by sensory perception of chemical stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.


sensory perception of sweet taste

description: The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of smell

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of salty taste

description: The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of sour taste

description: The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of umami taste

description: The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.


chlororespiration

description: A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.


An O-hexadecadienoylcarnitine having (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl as the acyl substituent.


O-hexadecadienoylcarnitine

An O-acylcarnitine having a hexadecadienoyl group as acyl substituent in which the positions of the two double bonds are unspecified.


A trimethoxyflavone that is myricetin in which the hydroxy groups at position 7, 3' and 5' have been replaced by methoxy groups.


A hydroxy fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxyicosanoic acid


(S,S)-formoterol

An N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have S configuration.


formoterol

A racemate consisting of equal amounts of arformoterol (the active enantiomer) and (S,S)-formoterol (the inactive enantiomer). Its fumaric acid salt is used as a direct-acting sympathomimetic and bronchodilator for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (any progressive respiratory disease that makes it harder to breathe over time, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema).


arformoterol

An N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide in which both of the stereocentres have R configuration. The active enantiomer of formoterol, it is administered by inhalation (generally as the tartrate salt) as a direct-acting sympathomimetic and  bronchodilator for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (any progressive respiratory disease that makes it harder to breathe over time, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema).


Optically active cyanohydrin that can be produced using the (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta (https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/anie.199604371)


A glycosylmannose consisting of two D-mannopyranose residues joined by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A C76 mycolic acid having a C52 meromycolic chain with two cis cyclopropyl functions and a saturated C24 alpha-branch. It is produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.


A monosaccharide derivative that is the 3-O-methyl derivative of alpha-L-rhamnopyranose. An epitope identified from the glycolipids isolated from Mycobacterium peregrinum.


detection of virus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

description: Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.


name: motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex

description: The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.


eliglustat

A carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.


A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidine-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen and both of the hydrogens at position 5 are replaced by methyl groups.


N-cyclohexylpyrrolidine

An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is pyrrolidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a cyclohexyl group.


HYGRINE

A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl group.


tetflupyrolimet

An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is pyrrolidine substituted by methyl, oxo, (2-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonyl, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. It is a herbicide developed by FMC Corporation for the control of grass weeds in rice, as well as key broadleaf weeds and sedges.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine


crospovidone

A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group.


An optically active form of nemonapride having (2S,3S)-configuration.


lasofoxifene

A member of the class of tetralins that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 6 are replaced by 4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl and phenyl groups, respectively (the 5R,6S-stereoisomer). It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.


nemonapride

A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-amine.


A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is raloxifene in which the piperidin-1-yl group has been replaced by a pyrrolidin-1-yl group.


A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole substituted by a 6-(propan-2-yloxy)pyridin-3-yl group at position 3 and by a {[(3S)-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1-(2-{4-[4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl}-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino group at position 5. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2 in vitro (IC50 values of 23.0 nM and 8.8 nM, respectively). The drug is being developed by Merck Sharp & Dohme and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of advanced/metastatic solid tumors.


A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.


clemastine

2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.


(S)-nicotine 1-N-oxide

A member of the class of pyridine N-oxides obtained by oxidation of the pyridine nitrogen of (S)-nicotine.


riviciclib

A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a (2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position. A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that exhibits anti-cancer properties.


acrivastine

A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.


(-)-hygrine

A 1-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)acetone that has S configuration.


A member of the class of aminoquinolines that is is quinoline substituted by 5-methylfuran-2-yl, (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino, methoxy, and 3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propoxy groups at positions 2, 4, 6 and 7, respectively. It is a dual G9a/DNA methyltransferases inhibitor with antitumor activity. It inhibits G9a, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and GLP (IC50 = 8 nM, 382 nM, 85 nM, 1200 nM and 2 nM, respectively).


An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.


nicotine

A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.


hygrine

A 1-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)acetone that has R configuration. It is a pyrrolidine alkaloid found in the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca.


An N-acylpyrrolidine resulting from the formal condensation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen of (2R,3S)-2-[(2S)-(2-carboxy)isobutyl-3-(methylsulfonylamino)pyrrolidine with the carboxylic acid group of 2-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid.


triprolidine

An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.


cotinine N-oxide

An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is nicotine in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 on the pyrrolidine ring have been replaced by an oxo group and the pyridine nitrogen converted into the corresponding N-oxide. A minor metabolite of nicotine.


eletriptan

An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.


cotinine

An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.


An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).


A member of the class of  pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.


A chromanol that is chroman-6-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by p-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl, p-hydroxyphenyl, and methyl groups, respectively (the 2R,3R,4S diastereoisomer).


description: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis that is resistant to treatment.


eosinophil differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in which the acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as oleoyl and linoleoyl respectively.


cellular response to diterpene

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


dialuric acid

A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which a hydrogen attached to a ring carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.


An alpha-D-galactoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of alpha-D-glucosyl and alpha-D-galactosyl residues linked (1->4).


synaptic vesicle, resting pool

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool.


S-adenosylmethionine cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.


hydrochlorofluorocarbon

An organochlorine compound derived from methane, ethane or propane that contains atoms of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon only.


Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma

description: A desmoplastic melanoma characterized by the presence of nerve infiltration by atypical spindled melanocytes.


name: protein localization to old growing cell tip

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an old growing cell tip.


name: protein localization to growing cell tip

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a growing cell tip.


name: protein localization to new growing cell tip

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a new growing cell tip.


Ann Arbor Stage I AIDS-Related Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


name: Magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis

description: Urolithiasis in which the composition of the stone(s) is predominantly magnesium ammonium phosphate.


A member of the class of  hydroxyfluorenes that is 9H-fluorene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4.


name: Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T3b, N0, M0. T3b: Uterine corpus endometrial stroma sarcoma with tumor infiltrating abdominal tissues at more than one site. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: 5-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4,6-dinitro-3-indolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester


ISAVUCONAZOLE

A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.


An iminium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate group of any N-retinylidene-N-retinylphosphatidylethanolamine.


nickel sulfate heptahydrate

A hydrate of nickel sulfate containing nickel (in +2 oxidation state), sulfate and water moieties in the ratio 1:1:7.


An organic anionic group obtained  by deprotonation of the C-terminal carboxy group of any C-terminal L-alpha-amino-acid-L-tyrosine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleotide

A 5'-deoxyribonucleotide compound having a pyrimidine-derived nucleobase.


Stage IIIB Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0); IIIB: (T3-T4a, N1/N1c, M0); (T2-T3, N2a, M0); (T1-T2, N2b, M0); IIIC: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIC Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIC includes: (T4a, N2a, M0); (T3-T4a, N2b, M0); (T4b, N1-N2, M0). T3: Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum (including gross perforation of the bowel through tumor and continuous invasion of tumor through areas of inflammation to the surface of the visceral peritoneum). T4b: Tumor directly invades or adheres to adjacent organs or structures. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N2: Four or more regional lymph nodes are positive. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. N2b: Seven or more regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Colon Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1-T2, N1/N1c, M0); (T1, N2a, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N1: One to three regional lymph nodes are positive (tumor in lymph nodes measuring 0.2 mm or more), or any number of tumor deposits are present and all identifiable lymph nodes are negative. N1c: No regional lymph nodes are positive, but there are tumor deposits in the subserosa, mesentery, or nonperitonealized pericolic, or perirectal/mesorectal tissues. N2a: Four to six regional lymph nodes are positive. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

description: Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


name: extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

description: The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.


(R)-famoxadone

A 5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione that is the (inactive) (R)-enantiomer of famoxadone.


A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenylamino group and the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by methyl and 4-phenoxyphenyl groups.


FAMOXADONE

A  5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione that is the (active) (S)-enantiomer of famoxadone. It prevents spore germination and mycelial growth of sensitive fungi and is used in agriculture for the control of various fungal diseases.


An amino oligosaccharide that is an undecasaccharide derivative in which beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc has its mannosyl group substituted at positions 3 and 6 by beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man groups, while the D-GlcNAc residue at the reducing end carries two L-Fuc residues attached via alpha-(1->3)- and alpha-(1->6)-linkages.


cellular response to interferon-beta

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronic acid

The 1-O-phospho derivative of alpha-D-glucuronic acid.


uronic acid

A carbohydrate acid formally derived by oxidation to a carboxy group of the terminal -CH2OH group of any aldose or ketose.


heparosan-N-sulfate D-glucuronic acid

A heparan sulfate composed of a backbone of repeating beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-sulfonyl-alpha-D-glucosamine units joined by (1->4)-linkages.


L-arabinuronic acid

An arabinuronic acid having L-configuration.


An ester of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronic acide produced by Streptomyces sp..


5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid

A hexuronic acid that results from hydrolytic ring cleavage of the hemiacetal group of 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronic acid with subsequent tautomerisation of the resulting enol to the corresponding ketone.


L-iduronic acid

Any iduronic acid having L-configuration.


A glycosylrhamnose that is 4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronose joined by a (1->2)-glycosidic link to alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


beta-D-galacturonic acid

A D-galactopyranuronic acid with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


A uronic acid that is beta-D-glucuronic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 4 and the hydrogen at position 5 have been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond between positions 4 and 5.


An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.


4,5-dehydro-D-glucuronic acid

A member of the class of glucoronic acids that is beta-D-glucuronic acid which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 4 and 5.


5-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid

The 5-deoxygenated analogue of D-glucuronic acid.


D-galacturonic acid

The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.


keto-D-fructuronic acid

The straight-chain keto form of D-fructuronic acid.


alpha-L-glucopyranuronic acid

A L-glucopyranuronic acid with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


idopyranuronic acid

The pyranose form of iduronic acid.


D-fructofuranuronic acid

The furanose form of D-fructuronic acid.


L-glucopyranuronic acid

The pyranose form of L-glucuronic acid.


An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranuronoside.


An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranuronoside.


L-idopyranuronic acid

The L-stereoisomer of idopyranuronic acid.


alpha-D-glucuronic acid

A D-glucopyranuronic acid in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.


GLUCURONATE

A D-glucopyranuronic acid in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration.


aldehydo-L-iduronic acid

The open-chain aldehydo-form of L-iduronic acid.


alpha-L-iduronic acid

A L-idopyranuronic acid with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


D-arabinuronic acid

An arabinuronic acid having D-configuration.


heparosan N-sulfate L-iduronic acid

A heparan sulfate composed of a backbone of repeating alpha-L-iduronosyl-(1->4)-N-sulfonyl-alpha-D-glucosamine units joined by (1->4)-linkages.


A D-galacturonic acid having a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid moiety attached at the 4-position.


iduronic acid

A member of the class of  iduronic acids that is the major uronic acid component of the dermatan sulfate and heparin.


A disaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucuronic acid linked (1->3) to a beta-D-galactose residue.


A hexuronic acid that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at each of the positions 2, 3, and 4 (the 2S,3R,4S-diastereoisomer).


alpha-D-galacturonic acid

The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.


A tetrasaccharide that is beta-D-glucopyranuroic acid, attached in sequence to beta-D-galactopyranosyl, beta-D-galactopyranosyl, and beta-D-xylopyranose by (1->3), (1->3), and (1->4) glycosidic linkages, respectively.


D-galactopyranuronic acid

The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid


L-glucuronic acid

The L-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.


dTDP-D-galacturonic acid

A dTDP-sugar where the sugar component is D-galacturonic acid.


A digalacturonic acid in which an alpha-D-galactopyranuronic acid unit is joined to a D-galactopyranuronic acid unit via an alpha-(1->4)-linkage.


alpha-D-fructuronic acid

The alpha anomer of D-fructofuranuronic acid.


beta-D-fructuronic acid

The beta anomer of D-fructofuranuronic acid.


D-glucopyranuronic acid

A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.


A alpha-D-GalpA-(1->4)-D-GalpA in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha- configuration.


arabidopside C

An arabidopside that is arabidopside A in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 6 of the beta-D-galactosyl moiety is replaced by an alpha-D-galactosyl group.


A C-nucleoside phosphate consisting of N(1)-methylpseudouridine substituted at position 5' by a  monophosphate group.


name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.


name: mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

description: The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


name: ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

description: The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.


name: plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

description: The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as dodecanoyl (lauroyl).


A monogalactosyldiacylglycerol 34:4 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl respectively.


arabidopside B

An arabidopside in which the glyceride moiety is acylated by cis-12-oxophytodienoyl groups at positions 1 and 2, and in which the and in which the carbohydrate moiety is a beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. The cyclopentenone moiety of both acyl groups is cis-disubstituted.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol in which the 1- and 2- acyl groups are specified as (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl and (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl respectively.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as octanoyl.


A beta-D-galactopyranosyl diglyceride in which both acyl groups have a chain length between C6 and C12.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the groups at the 1- and 2-positions are both palmitoyl.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the groups at the 1- and 2-positions are both linoleoyl (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl).


arabidopside A

An arabidopside in which the glyceride moiety is acylated by cis-12-oxophytodienoyl and cis-dinor-oxyphytodienoyl groups at positions 1 and 2, respectively, and in which the carbohydrate moiety is a beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. The cyclopentenone moiety of both acyl groups is cis-disubstituted.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol in which the groups at the 1- and 2-positions are both oleoyl.


A beta-D-galactopyranosyl diglyceride in which both acyl groups have a chain length of C12 or greater.


A class of galactoglycerolipids that consists of any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol having a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3.


name: negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


Childhood Malignant Skin Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the skin and occurs during childhood.


An  acetylenic compound that is deca-4,6-diyne substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 8 and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 8 respectively.


name: proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


LENACIL

A cyclopentapyrimidine that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione substituted by a cyclohexyl group at position 3.


PYRABACTIN A

A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-bromonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with the exocyclic amino group of 2-pyridylmethylamine. Mimics the action of the abscisic acid, a phytohormone.


An N-substituted pyrraline formed via Maillard reaction of L-ornithine with glucose.


aklanonic acid

An anthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 5, a carboxymethyl group at position 2 and a 3-oxopentanoyl group at position 3.


fulvestrant

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.


An oxo seco-steroid that is 9-oxo-9,10-seco-23,24-bisnorchola-1,3,5(10)-trien-22-oic acid bearing an additional phenolic hydroxy substituent at position 3.


name: platelet activating factor biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


name: platelet activating factor metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


name: platelet activating factor catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


heptadecanol

A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seventeen carbon atoms.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is heptadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


methyl beta-D-glucopyranuronate

A methyl D-glucopyranuronate in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


A linear tetrasaccharide consisting of four hydroxymethyl alpha-D-galacturonosyl residues linked sequentially (1->4). It is an antihemorrhagic agent.


S-methyl 3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate

The methyl thiolester of 3-phospho-1-thio-D-glyceric acid.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose having a 2-(2-methoxycarbonylethylthio)ethyl (CETE) moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactose having a 2-(2-methoxycarbonylethylthio)ethyl (CETE) moiety attached to the reducing end anomeric centre.


methyl D-glucopyranuronate

A carbohydrate acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of D-glucuronic acid with methanol.


methyl N-acetylneuraminate

The carbohydrate acid ester that is the methyl ester of N-acetylneuraminic acid.


methyl alpha-D-glucopyranuronate

A methyl D-glucopyranuronate in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


(-)-pinoresinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.


lignan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


lignan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.


(-)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.


(-)-lariciresinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.


lignan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


(-)-lariciresinol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.


(-)-pinoresinol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-larreatricin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.


(-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.


The 3-dehydro derivative of D-glucose.


An oligosaccharide sulfate consisting of 2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 6-O-sulfo-2-sulfoamino-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl and 2-O-sulfo-L-idopyranuronic acid residues joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.


name: regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.


bitolterol

The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.


diester

A diester is a compound containing two ester groups.


A diester resulting from the formal sequential esterification of the hydroxy group of one molecule of (3R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid with the carboxy group of a second, followed by the esterification of the hydroxy group of the product with the carboxy group of a third molecule of (3R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid. Isolated from the Japanese inedible mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum and also the sponge-derived actinomycete Micromonospora sp. RV43.


doxacurium chloride

The dichloride salt of doxacurium. It is a mixture of the (1R,2S,1'S,2'R), (1R,2S,1'R,2'S) and (1S,2R,1'S,2'R) stereoisomers (a meso isomer and two enantiomers, respectively) of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium] dichloride, all of which are in a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings. A competitive neuromuscular blocker, it is used to provide muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients in intensive care.


ethyl 3-methylbutyl butanedioate

A dieter obtained by the forma condensation of the two carboxy groups of succinic acid with ethanol and 3-methylbutanol respectively.


diisobutyl phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.


An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the two hydroxy groups of propane-1,3-diol with acetic acid.


dilazep

A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.


A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio group.


BITOLTEROL MESYLATE

The methanesulfonate salt of bitolterol. A beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.


(R)-malathion

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the R-enantiomer of malathion.


heliosupine

An azabicycloalkane compound having angelyloxy and echimidinyloxymethyl substituents attached to the ring system.


dimethyl azelate

A fatty acid methyl ester that is nonanedioic acid in which both carboxy groups are replaced by methoxycarbonyl groups.


metarylpicoxamid

An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(2-methylphenyl)butan-2-yl N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)-L-alaninate with the carboxy group of propanoic acid. It is a fungicide from Corteva Agriscience.


acene diester

Acenes containing two ester groups.


A  diester obtained by the formal condensation of 2,4,4-trimethylpentane-1,3-diol with two molecules of 2-methylpropanoic acid. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.


FUMONISIN B2

A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).


(S)-malaoxon

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio]succinate that is the S-enantiomer of malaoxon.


bolandiol dipropionate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the 3beta and 17beta hydroxy groups of bolandiol.


cisatracurium

A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion  consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.  The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.


diethyl glutarate

A diester obtained by the formal condensation of carboxy groups of glutaric acid with two molecules of ethanol respectively.


A diester that is pentanedioic acid in which the carboxy groups are replaced by (4-formyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)carbonyl and {[(1R,2S,5R)-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl]oxy}carbonyl groups.


A phthalate ester obtained by the formal condensation of both the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of  2-butoxyethanol.


diisononyl phthalate

The diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the two hydroxy groups of 3-fluorocatechol with the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. It is an inhibitor of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) that suppresses tumour growth in mouse xenograft models.


meso-doxacurium chloride

The dichloride salt of meso-doxacurium.


(S)-bitolterol mesylate

The methanesulfonate salt of (S)-bitolterol.


(S)-nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has S configuration.


(S)-nicardipine

The S-enantiomer of nicardipine.


A coumarin substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and by acetyloxy groups at positions 7 and 8. It exhibits strong antioxidant and radical scavenging properties.


nitrendipine

A  dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.


(S)-malathion

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the S-enantiomer of malathion.


diethyl 2-sulfanylbutanedioate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of thiomalic acid with ethanol. It is a metabolite of the insecticide malathion.


nicardipine

A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.


dibutyl phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of  butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.


BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE

A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


dimethyl terephthalate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with methanol. It is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics.


A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of beta-D-gentiobiosyl crocetin with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucopyranose.


DIETHYL PHTHALATE

The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


ethyl 2-phenylethyl dimethylmalonate

A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of the two carboxy groups of dimethylmalonic acid with ethanol and 2-phenylethanol respectively.


(R)-bitolterol mesylate

The methanesulfonate salt of (R)-bitolterol.


DIMETHYL MALEATE

A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with methanol. It is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.


butyl butyryllactate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(butanoyloxy)propanoic acid with butan-1-ol.


dipentyl phthalate

A  phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


dimethyl fumarate

An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.


A member of the class of  chromenes that is 2H-1-benzopyran-8-methanol diacetate substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 2, an ethyl group at position 4 and a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3 respectively.


diphenyl phthalate

The diphenyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


disuccinimidyl suberate

A N-hydroxysuccinimide ester resulting from the formal condensation of the two carboxy groups of suberic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione. It is a noncleavable and membrane permeable crosslinker.


nimodipine

A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.


isooctanediol dibutyrate

A diester that is isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) in which two of the hydrogens (positions not specified) have been replaced by butyryloxy groups. Tentatively identified in human saliva and previously found on human skin.


fumonisin B1

A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.


fumonisin B4

A fumonisin that is fumonisin B2 that is lacking hydroxy group located gamma- to the amino substituent.


diethyl fumarate

A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.


(1R,2S,1'R,2'S)-doxacurium chloride

The dichloride salt of (1R,2S,1'R,2'S)-doxacurium.


arabidopside D

An arabidopside that is arabidopside B in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 6 of the beta-D-galactosyl moiety is replaced by an alpha-D-galactosyl group.


diheptyl phthalate

The diheptyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


atracurium

A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.


(S)-bitolterol

The (S)-enantiomer of bitolterol.


(R)-nisoldipine

A methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate that has R configuration.


diethyl 2-hydroxypentanedioate

A diester obtained by the formal condensation of both the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid with two molecules of ethanol respectively.


The (1R,2S,1'R,2'S)-diastereoisomer of doxacurium.


BUTAFENACIL

An organofluorine compound that is 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a 4-chloro-3-({[2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy}carbonyl)phenyl group at position 3. It is a herbicide which inhibits the protoporphyrinogen-oxidase enzyme in plant chloroplasts, resulting in rapid knockdown of various broadleaf and grass weeds.


bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate

A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of adipic acid with 2-ethylhexan-1-ol. It is used as a plasticiser in the preparation of various polymers.


allyl octadecyl oxalate

A  diester obtained by the formal condensation of both the carboxy group of oxalic acid with the hydroxy groups of allyl alcohol and  stearyl alcohol respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.


doxacurium

A mixture of the (1R,2S,1'S,2'R), (1R,2S,1'R,2'S) and (1S,2R,1'S,2'R) stereoisomers (a meso isomer and two enantiomers, respectively) of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium], all of which are in a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings. A competitive neuromuscular blocker, the chloride salt is used to provide muscle relaxation in general anaesthesia and to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients in intensive care.


A member of the class of  chromenes that is 2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol acetate substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 2, an ethyl group at position 4 and a 4-(acetyloxy)phenyl group at position 3 respectively.


A member of the class xanthones which consists of a dihydroxanthone skeleton substituted by a acetyloxy group at position 4, a hydroxy group at position 8, a methyl group at position 6 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 4a (the 4R,4aS stereoisomer). It is isolated from Penicillium and exhibits potent antitumour activity against both human and murine tumour cell lines.


dipropyl phthalate

A phthalate ester that is the dipropyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.


malathion

A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.


meso-doxacurium

The (1R,1'S,2S,2'R) isomer of 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxypropane-3,1-diyl)]bis[6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium]. It is the meso-isomer which has a trans configuration at the 1 and 2 positions of the tetrahydroisoquinolinium rings.


camostat

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.


A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine substituted by a (2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl and a (2-phenylethoxy)carbonyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively.


nisoldipine

A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.


nemadipine-A

A dihydropyridine that is that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups, at positions 3 and 5 by ethoxycarbonyl groups, and at position 4 by a pentafluorophenyl group. An L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunit antagonist. When exposed to the microscopic soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, nemadipine-A induces a variety of defects including those affecting morphology and egg laying.


(R)-malaoxon

A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphoryl)thio]succinate that is the R-enantiomer of malaoxon.


dimethyl sebacate

A fatty acid methyl ester that is sebacic acid  in which both carboxy groups are replaced by methoxycarbonyl groups.


(1S,2R,1'S,2'R)-doxacurium chloride

The dichloride salt of (1S,2R,1'S,2'R)-doxacurium.


(R)-nicardipine

The R-enantiomer of nicardipine.


(R)-bitolterol

The (R)-enantiomer of bitolterol.


4-O-feruloyl-D-quinic acid

The 4-O-feruloyl derivative of D-quinic acid.


CARBAMIC ACID

A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.


name: Clinical Stage IIA Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T1, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


FLUSULFAMIDE

A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonic acid with 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. A fungicide, it is used to control Plasmodiophora brassicae in brassicas and Polymyxa betae in sugarbeet.


An N-glycosylated dialkylglycerophosphoethanolamine in which the dialkylglycerophosphoethanolamine is 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and the glycosylating saccharide is the branched nonasaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc, the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of which is in the ring-opened form.


Ectopic Meningioma

description: A meningothelial neoplasm that arises from an anatomic site outside the intracranial and intraspinal compartments.


Primary Middle Ear Meningioma

description: A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the middle ear.


Primary Sinonasal Meningioma

description: A rare extracranial meningioma that arises from the sinonasal tract.


type D cell of stomach

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A type D cell found in the stomach.


type D cell of small intestine

description: A type D cell of the small intestine.


manganese(II) sulfate dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of manganese(II) sulfate.


regulation of DNA catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of DNA catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process.


name: regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


name: protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


name: negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.


A branched amino oligosaccharide that is a pentadecasaccharide derivative consisting of a linear trisaccharide of beta-D-mannose and two N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues (one of which is at the reducing end) all linked in sequence (1->4), to the mannosyl residue of which are linked (1->3) and (1->6) two alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl linear hexasaccharide units.


aspergildiene A

A sesterterpene.


(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid

A (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (R)-lactic acid substituted at position 3 by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group.


morphine receptor activity

description: Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


pyrrolysine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


FRUTICOSIDE D

A steroid saponin that is 4-methylergosta-7,24(28)-dien-21-oic acid attached to an acetyloxy group at position 2, and a alpha-L-quinovopyranosyloxy group at position 3 (the 2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the roots of Breynia fruticosa.


A glycohexaosylceramide having alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycohexaosyl component.


interleukin-31 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


prosolanapyrone II

A prosolanapyrone that is prosolanapyrone I in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl substituent at position 3 of the pyrone ring is substituted by a hydroxy group.


A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is the 5-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamino)methylidene derivative of 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole having the phospho group at the 5'-position and a carboxyamino group at the 5-position on the imidazole ring.


triglyceride mobilization

description: The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.


triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling

description: Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


name: Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage II subdiaphragmatic


name: Ann Arbor Stage II Mixed Cellularity Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


name: Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage II supradiaphragmatic


name: kidney inner medulla collecting duct intercalated cell

description: Any renal intercalated cell that is part of some inner medullary collecting duct.


name: RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.


name: RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


name: exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


exoribonuclease II activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


exoribonuclease H activity

description: Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions.


ribonuclease D activity

description: Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.


name: poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends

description: Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).


name: double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.


name: single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.


DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


name: 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.


poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.


name: DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


D-tyrosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.


D-tyrosine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.


A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a linear pentasaccharide made up from one lactamized sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetyl-6-sulfoglucosamine residue and one glucose residue, which at the reducing end is attached to a d18:1/18:0 ceramide moiety via a beta-linkage.


PLATENCIN A4

A polycyclic cage that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of platencin. It is isolated from Streptomyces platensis.


remazole black-GR

A bis(azo) compound with two aryldiazenyl moieties placed at positions 2 and 7 of a multi-substituted naphthalene.


Childhood Sympathetic Paraganglioma

description: A sympathetic paraganglioma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Paraganglioma

description: A paraganglioma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Parasympathetic Paraganglioma

description: A parasympathetic paraganglioma that occurs during childhood.


Childhood Composite Paraganglioma

description: A composite paraganglioma that occurs during childhood.


stem cell

description: A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


somatic stem cell

description: A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine

description: An intestinal stem cell that is located in the small intestine crypt of Liberkuhn. These stem cells reside at the bottom of crypts in the small intestine and are highly proliferative. They either differentiate into transit amplifying cells or self-renew to form new stem cells.


stem cell of gastric gland

description: A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit.


limb basal cell of epidermis

description: Any basal cell of epidermis that is part of a limb.


intestinal crypt stem cell

description: A cell that is found in a zone occupying the bottom region of the crypt; provide the source of most of the cell types of the intestinal epithelium; proliferate by mitotic division; differentiates into columnar or goblet cells.


keratinocyte stem cell

description: A stem cell located in the bulge of the hair follicle that can give rise to regenerate the new follicle with each hair cycle and to reepithelialize the epidermis during wound repair.


basal cell of epidermis

description: A basally situated, mitotically active, columnar-shaped keratinocyte attached to the basement membrane.


A glycopentaosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the pentasaccharide component.


DELTA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.


chromanol

Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.


A member of the class of chromanols that is (+)-gamma-tocopherol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 13'.


(S,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol

The (S,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


beta-tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.


(R,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol

The (R,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


didesmethyl tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by a farnesyl chain at position 2.


desmethyl tocotrienol

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a farnesyl group at position 2.


GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.


(S,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol

The (S,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(R,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol

The (R,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


tocol

A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.


tocopherol

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.


TROLOX

A chromanol that is 6-hydroxychromane which is substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7, and 8. A cell-permeable, water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, it is used as a standard for measuring the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures.


ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis.


A member of the class of chromanols that is (+)-alpha-tocopherol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 13'.


A chromanol that is chromane in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


beta-tocopherol

A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.


(S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol

The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


(S,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol

The (S,R,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


alpha-tocopherol

A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2.


(R,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol

The (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.


GAMMA-TOCOTRIENOL

A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers.


arachidonoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of arachidononic acid.


arachidonoyl bioconjugate

A bioconjugate obtained by coupling of arachidonic acid to another biomolecule (e.g. coenzyme A, an acyl-carrier protein, a phospholipid, an oligosaccharide, a nucleic acid etc.), which for the sake of convenience, is represented by an R group.


D-alaninium

An alaninium that is the conjugate acid of D-alanine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


name: Mismatch Repair-Deficient Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

description: An endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma characterized by mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency caused by inactivating methylation or less frequently mutation of an MMR gene (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, or MSH6).


A beta-D-glucosylceramide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of docosanoic acid with the amino group of beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-(4E,14Z)-sphingadienine.


delta-lactam ring

A six-membered  lactam ring.


C-14 demethylated eburicol


RIBOSE (PYRANOSE)

A D-ribopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


ribopyranose

The pyranose form of ribose.


L-ribopyranose

The L-stereoisomer of ribopyranose.


beta-L-ribopyranose

A L-ribopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


alpha-L-ribopyranose

A L-ribopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


D-ribopyranose

A D-ribose and the D-enantiomer of ribopyranose.


alpha-D-ribopyranose

A D-ribopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


ethyl 3-nonenoate

A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of 3-nonenoic acid with ethanol.


A secondary fatty alcohol that is nonadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9.


A 4-dodecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the methyl substituents are in a cis relationship to each other.


(4S)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid

A 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid that has S-configuration.


doramapimod

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is an immunomodulator used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis.


Uterine Corpus Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A very rare, well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the uterine corpus.


Stress ulcer

description: An ulcer due to stress.


Orbit Solitary Fibrous Tumor

description: A solitary fibrous tumor that arises from the orbit. Most of these tumors are benign.


name: (4S)-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl] ester


A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of 3-phenylpropylamine, obtained from the protonation of the primary amino group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


lauryl acrylate

An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of dodecan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.


chlorphenesin carbamate

The carbamate ester of the primary hydroxy group of chlorphenesin. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.


chloroacetyl group

The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid.