name: programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species

description: Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cuticle

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


humoral immune response

description: An immune response mediated through a body fluid.


detection of stimulus

description: The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


nucleocytoplasmic carrier activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


ergothioneine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


AMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


name: peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

description: The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


vacuole organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.


microtubule motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


site-specific recombinase activity

description: Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


name: positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


cellular response to estrogen stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


translation at postsynapse

description: Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.


name: regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


Norrin signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of the cysteine knot protein Norrin to a Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


phlobaphene biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


name: negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


D-ribose 5-phosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


name: production of molecular mediator of immune response

description: The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


leukotriene B4 receptor activity

description: Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


glycerophospholipid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


name: negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


mitochondrial RNA modification

description: Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.


steroid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


macromolecule methylation

description: The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


spontaneous synaptic transmission

description: The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.


intestinal folate absorption

description: Uptake of folic into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


name: positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


vanillin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


name: peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

description: The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


name: planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


name: negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

description: Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


name: positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


name: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: regulation of border follicle cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


extracellular ATP signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of extracellular ATP.


cortical microtubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


name: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


carbazole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


interleukin-1 beta production

description: The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


double-stranded miRNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


name: cellular response to reactive nitrogen species

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.


name: regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


septin ring disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


septin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.


secretory granule-lysosome fusion

description: The cellular process that results in the fusion of secretory granules with lysosomes to form crinosomes.


name: cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.


detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


tensidol A metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


name: epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development

description: Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


myosin II filament organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


name: smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


name: negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


name: coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.


cellular response to platinum ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


name: positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


cellular response to UV-B

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


methanofuran biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.


name: envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

description: A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process that occurs in a hippocampal neuron.


name: positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


name: quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


name: regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


microglial cell migration

description: The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


name: maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

description: Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


aldosterone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).


proteasome storage granule disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.


ureide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


name: positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


lysine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


locomotion

description: Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.


name: negative regulation of Schwann cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

description: The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


name: canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


name: peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

description: Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


DNA protection

description: Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.


name: regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


endothelin maturation

description: The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.


phototransduction, UV

description: The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


name: suppression by virus of host tetherin activity

description: Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.


name: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


terpenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


lipase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


cannabinoid receptor activity

description: Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


name: cell-cell signaling involved in lung development

description: Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.


name: iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

description: The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: organelle localization by membrane tethering

description: The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


name: negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


cytochrome biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.


vesicle fusion with vacuole

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.


formaldehyde metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.


hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


name: negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


methanol oxidation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.


name: medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a medium-chain fatty acid. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


demethylkotanin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.


RNA biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


name: negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


name: serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


protein nucleotidylation

description: The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


name: non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


name: regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


s-triazine compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


recombinational repair

description: A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


name: placental growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


vistamycin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.


monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


name: arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


esculetin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


ferulate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.


name: modulation by virus of host cytokine production

description: Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.


name: regulation protein catabolic process at synapse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.


name: 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


mitotic DNA replication initiation

description: Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


type I interferon receptor activity

description: Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


name: positive regulation of starch catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


name: positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


name: cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


name: regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


diorcinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.


non-membrane-bounded organelle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle.


name: mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


name: regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


name: negative regulation of motor neuron migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


name: viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


name: nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I

description: The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


EGAD pathway

description: The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.


name: benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


name: negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


seed trichome initiation

description: The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.


benzoyl-CoA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.


egg chorion assembly

description: Construction of the chorion portion of the egg, which is a protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


name: positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


regulation of viral process

description: Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.


alkene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


name: negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


name: protein localization to cell division site

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


IDP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


name: aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor

description: An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.


name: positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.


name: positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


terrein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.


name: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


germline ring canal formation

description: Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.


name: oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.


name: modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport

description: Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.


name: positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


name: carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


name: L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine37 in tRNA + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methyladenosine37 in tRNA + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of RNA metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


name: glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


name: regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


name: cellular response to red or far red light

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.


circadian regulation of heart rate

description: Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


histone H3K9 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense-related programmed cell death

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-cysteine acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.


septin ring organization

description: Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


cysteine-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


name: Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

description: The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome

description: The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.


austinol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.


name: L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


fibroblast growth factor production

description: The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


name: asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


regulation of vitamin metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


tRNA aminoacylation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.


name: negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


intermediate filament bundle assembly

description: The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.


name: negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


name: C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

description: Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch

description: The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.


astrocyte chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


name: intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


name: transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


21U-RNA binding

description: Binding to a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


name: hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


name: regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.


dormancy exit of symbiont in host

description: Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.


name: purine-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


metanephric long nephron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.


name: negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


Cajal body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.


name: negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.


name: regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.


wall teichoic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


biphenyl catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


name: positive regulation of intracellular transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


name: entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm

description: Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.


name: regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


name: negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


pentitol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


cellular response to dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


name: NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


name: male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

description: The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


name: detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

description: The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

description: The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


phagosome maturation

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


name: release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria

description: The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


tryptophan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


interleukin-34 production

description: The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

description: The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


regulation of transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: mannose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of brood size

description: Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


name: D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


response to amino acid starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.


tRNA transcription

description: The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.


name: phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


name: negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


cellular response to viscosity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


maintenance of rDNA

description: Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

description: The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


sodium channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


icosanoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


olfactory bulb axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


cAMP/PKA signal transduction

description: An intracellular signaling cassette that starts with production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by adenylate cyclase (either transmembrane or soluble), which activates protein kinase A, and ends with activation of downstream effectors such as the transcription factor CREB that further transmit the signal within the cell.


name: negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


name: protein catabolic process in the vacuole

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


name: negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


cellular response to phenylalanine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


name: positive regulation of adaptive immune response

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


cellular response to wortmannin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


name: histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


actin modification

description: Covalent modification of an actin molecule.


cell projection assembly

description: Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


poly-pyrimidine tract binding

description: Binding to a stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.


name: regulation of exodeoxyribonuclease activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exodeoxyribonuclease activity.


name: tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

description: The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


name: symbiont-mediated migration across host tissue barrier

description: A process in which a symbiont moves across a tissue barrier of the host to transports itself across an extracellular cellular matrix barrier or between the cells of a tissue. This involves the temporary or permanent breaching of the tissue barrier.


name: U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


peptidyl-serine octanoylation

description: The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


flavonoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


name: phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

description: The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


name: antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


name: cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


lauric acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.


name: neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


name: positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


name: negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


name: protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

description: A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


multivesicular body assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


response to interleukin-4

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


regulation of DNA endoreduplication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.


name: DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ectoine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


name: semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

description: Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


trimethylamine receptor activity

description: Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


response to oxidative stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.


name: negative regulation of programmed cell death

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


name: ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


name: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

description: The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


pullulan metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


name: protein localization to plasma membrane raft

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.


O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the oxygen atom of an acceptor molecule.


tRNA surveillance

description: The set of processes involved in identifying and degrading defective or aberrant tRNAs.


phthalate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


name: alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

description: The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


name: negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


limonene catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


name: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


NADPH oxidation

description: A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.


long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


cellular response to pheromone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


cellular response to gravity

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


ecdysone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


name: modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

description: The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


name: malate:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


name: adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

description: The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a TRAF-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

description: The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


sensory perception of fast pain

description: The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


ionotropic olfactory receptor activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific odorant has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


lipid glycosylation

description: Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


platelet alpha granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


modulation by host of viral process

description: A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

description: Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


name: aggregation involved in sorocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


lncRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.


name: histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


regulation of response to stimulus

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


name: negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


name: positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


name: protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


mRNA pseudouridine synthesis

description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule.


CoA-ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.


name: very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on a very long-chain fatty acid. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons. The partway stars with the conversion of an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity

description: Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein targeting to ER

description: The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


name: negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.


name: regulation of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway (NLR) pathway.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

description: The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


focal adhesion assembly

description: The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


response to interleukin-13

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


IMP metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.


name: negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


response to interleukin-17

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation

description: Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated, or mRNAs become stabilized, via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


lactate racemization

description: Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


name: regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


name: hexose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

description: Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


SREBP signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.


name: negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


name: translocation of peptides or proteins into host

description: The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

description: Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


name: transforming growth factor beta1 production

description: The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: negative regulation of T cell extravasation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


synaptic vesicle maturation

description: Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


name: anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: U6 snRNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine in U6 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(6)-methyladenosine in U6 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


name: platelet-derived growth factor production

description: The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


name: basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

description: A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


name: nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cellulosome assembly

description: The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


name: protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

description: The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

description: The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


animal organ development

description: Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


removal of superoxide radicals

description: Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


T cell receptor V(D)J recombination

description: The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


regulation of lyase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


name: modulation by host of viral genome replication

description: A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


name: negative regulation of thymocyte migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

description: The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


name: negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + acetate.


pyridine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.


name: G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a chemorepellent binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


name: regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

description: The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


cellular response to radiation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


name: actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus

description: The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.


tensidol B catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host CRISPR-cas system

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the CRISPR-cas system of its host. Bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves from infection by bacteriophages (phages), and phages have various mechanisms to counter the CRISPR-cas system.


protein refolding

description: The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


name: apoptotic process involved in luteolysis

description: The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.


name: cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


CTP biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


name: larval midgut cell programmed cell death

description: The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III

description: Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.


peptide YY receptor activity

description: Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein localization to cell surface

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.


apical protein localization

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


name: tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

description: Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


name: peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


name: regulation of trophoblast cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


norepinephrine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

description: A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


name: cellular response to magnesium starvation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


name: negative regulation of methanophenazine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanophenazine metabolic process.


D-arabinose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

description: The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


name: coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.


L-proline betaine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


name: snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


guanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


violaceol I biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.


granulysin production

description: The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


release of seed from dormancy

description: The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


galactarate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.


riboflavin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


name: aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor

description: The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.