Down syndrome

description: Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of a third (partial or total) copy of the chromosome 21 genetic material and that is characterized by variable intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and joint laxity, often associated with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and various anomalies such as cardiac, gastrointestinal, or endocrine defects.


gray platelet syndrome

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, splenomegaly and typical gray appearance of platelets on Wright stained peripheral blood smear.


Meester-Loeys syndrome

description: An X-linked condition caused by mutation(s) in the BGN gene, encoding biglycan. It is characterized by cardiovascular defects and abnormal facies.


Jeune syndrome

description: Jeune syndrome, also called asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, is a short-rib dysplasia characterized by a narrow thorax, short limbs and radiological skeletal abnormalities including "trident" aspect of the acetabula and metaphyseal changes.


Fanconi anemia complementation group O

description: Any Fanconi anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RAD51C gene.


Poland syndrome

description: Poland syndrome is marked by a unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle (most frequently involving the sternocostal portion), and a variable degree of ipsilateral hand anomalies, including symbrachydactyly.


Ectopic prolactin secretion

description: A syndrome characterized by abnormal secretion of prolactin in conjunction with neoplastic growth occurring anywhere in the body.


name: Myelodysplastic neoplasm with biallelic TP53 inactivation

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of biallelic TP53 inactivating alterations. They include biallelic TP53 gene mutations or one TP53 gene mutation and concurrent copy loss of TP53. There are less than 20% blasts in bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is associated with a poor prognosis.


schwannomatosis

description: Rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the SMARCB1 and LZTR1 genes. It is characterized by the presence of multiple Schwannomas.


Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

description: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) is an inherited craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by unilateral or bilateral coronal synostosis, facial asymmetry, ptosis, strabismus and small ears with prominent crus, among other less common manifestations.


RASopathy

description: Developmental syndromes caused by germline mutations (or in rare cases by somatic mosaicism) in genes that alter the Ras subfamily and mitogen-activated protein kinases that control signal transduction.


alcohol sensitivity, acute

description: Alcohol intolerance is characterized by immediate unpleasant reactions after drinking alcohol. The most common signs and symptoms of alcohol intolerance are stuffy nose and skin flushing. Alcohol intolerance is caused by a genetic condition in which the body is unable to break down alcohol efficiently, usually found in Asians. These individuals accumulate acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, because of a genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) that metabolizes acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetate. The only way to prevent alcohol intolerance reactions is to avoid alcohol. Alcohol intolerance isn't an allergy. However, in some cases, what seems to be alcohol intolerance may be a reaction to something in an alcoholic beverage, such as chemicals, grains or preservatives. Combining alcohol with certain medications also can cause reactions. In rare instances, an unpleasant reaction to alcohol can be a sign of a serious underlying health problem that requires diagnosis and treatment.


van der Woude syndrome

description: Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare congenital genetic dysmorphic syndrome characterized by paramedian lower-lip fistulae, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, or isolated cleft palate.


congenital myasthenic syndrome 12

description: Any congenital myasthenic syndromes with glycosylation defect in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GFPT1 gene.


macrophage activation syndrome

description: A complication of rheumatic disease that is caused by excessive activation and uncontrolled proliferation of T lymphocytes and well-differentiated macrophages. It is characterized by fever, pancytopenia, liver insufficiency, coagulopathy and neurologic symptoms.


Shwachman-Diamond syndrome

description: Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare multisystemic syndrome characterized by chronic and usually mild neutropenia, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency associated with steatorrhea and growth failure, skeletal dysplasia with short stature, and an increased risk of bone marrow aplasia or leukemic transformation.


description: An autosomal recessive subtype of trichothiodystrophy caused by mutation(s) in the TARS1 gene, encoding threonine-tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic.


Donohue syndrome

description: Leprechaunism is a congenital form of extreme insulin resistance (a group of syndromes that also includes Rabson-Mensenhall syndrome, type A insulin-resistance syndrome, and acquired type B insulin-resistance syndrome) characterized by intrauterine and mainly postnatal severe growth retardation.


lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome

description: Lymphedema - distichiasis is a rare syndromic lymphedema disorder characterized by lower-limb lymphedema and varying degrees of abnormal growth of eyelashes from the orifices of the Meibomian glands (distichiasis), with occasional associated manifestations.


name: motor developmental delay due to 14q32.2 paternally expressed gene defect

description: A cause of obesity that results from inheritance of two copies of chromosome 14 from the mother, and no copy of chromosome 14 from the father.


Feingold syndrome

description: Feingold syndrome (FS), also known as oculo-digito-esophageal-duodenal (ODED) syndrome, is a rare inherited malformation syndrome characterized by microcephaly, short stature and numerous digital anomalies and is comprised of two subtypes: FS type 1 (FS1) and FS type 2 (FS2). FS1 is by far the most common form while FS2 has only been reported in 3 patients and has the same clinical characteristics as FS1, apart from the absence of gastrointestinal atresia and short palpebral fissures.


Anterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome

description: An uncommon stroke syndrome caused by infarction of the cerebral territories supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)and characterized by hemiparesis, dysarthria, aphasia, and limb apraxia.


Diamond-Blackfan anemia 7

description: Any Diamond-Blackfan anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RPL11 gene.


name: rapid-onset childhood obesity-hypothalamic dysfunction-hypoventilation-autonomic dysregulation syndrome

description: A very rare disorder that appears after the first year and a half of life in previously healthy children. It is characterized by rapid-onset weight gain, hypothalamic dysfunction, breathing abnormalities, and autonomic system dysregulation. The hypothalamic dysfunction manifestations include inability to maintain normal water balance, high prolactin levels, low thyroid, low cortisol, and early or late puberty. The breathing abnormalities include sleep apnea and alveolar hypoventilation, requiring ventilation support. The autonomic system dysregulation includes eye abnormalities, intestinal abnormalities, temperature dysregulation, and low heart rhythm. This disorder requires early recognition because it may lead to cardiorespiratory arrest. Up to 40% of the patients develop tumors of neural crest origin.


schwannomatosis 2

description: Schwannomatosis caused by germline mutations in the LZTR1 gene.


Kleine-Levin syndrome

description: Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare neurological disorder of unknown origin characterized by relapsing-remitting episodes of hypersomnia in association with cognitive and behavioral disturbances.


distal monosomy 10p

description: Distal monosomy 10p is a rare chromosomal disorder in which the tip of the short arm (p arm) of chromosome 10 is deleted resulting in a variable phenotype depending on the size of the deletion. The deletion may involve only the terminal 10p15 band, or extend towards the centromere to bands 10p14 or 10p13.


Marshall syndrome

description: Marshall syndrome is a malformation syndrome that is characterized by facial dysmorphism, severe hypoplasia of the nasal bones and frontal sinuses, ocular involvement, early-onset hearing loss, skeletal and anhidrotic ectodermal anomalies and short stature with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and early-onset osteoarthritis.


Polysplenia heterotaxy syndrome

description: A congenital defect in which there is an abnormal spatial arrangement of the internal thoraco-abdominal organs; this manifestation of the disorder presents with many accessory spleens instead of one.


pentasomy X

description: Pentasomy X is a sex chromosome anomaly caused by the presence of three extra X chromosomes in females (49,XXXXX instead of 46,XX).


Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndrome

description: A group of hereditary neoplastic syndromes that affect the colon and rectum. Included in this grouping are hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCCC) , familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes.


Complete Trisomy 21 Syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by the presence of three complete copies of genetic material for chromosome 21, instead of the normal two. It leads to a variety of abnormalities that include mental retardation, macroglossia, microgenia, epicanthic eyelids, and a single transverse palmar crease.


name: autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

description: A rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities of the skin, sweat glands, hair and nails. Patients have a reduced ability to sweat. Other signs and symptoms include hypotrichosis and teeth malformations.


15q11q13 microduplication syndrome

description: The 15q11-q13 microduplication (dup15q11-q13) syndrome is characterized by neurobehavioral disorders, hypotonia, cognitive deficit, language delay and seizures. Prevalence is unknown.


proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

description: A chromosomal anomaly characterized by developmental and language delays, mild intellectual disability, social impairments (autism spectrum disorders), mild variable dysmorphism and predisposition to obesity.


name: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency due to RAG Deficiency

description: A rare severe combined immunodeficiency disorder caused by null mutations in recombination activating gene (RAG) 1 or RAG2. It is associated with a lack of T and B cells.


Posterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome

description: A stroke syndrome caused by infarction of the cerebral territories supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Signs and symptoms may include visual field deficits, agnosia, aphasia and memory deficits.


name: ALG6-congenital disorder of glycosylation 1C

description: A form of congenital disorders of N-linked glycosylation characterized by feeding problems, mild-to-moderate neurologic involvement with hypotonia, poor head control, developmental delay, ataxia, strabismus, and seizures, ranging from febrile convulsions to epilepsy. Retinal degeneration has also been reported. A minority of patients show other manifestations, particularly intestinal (such as protein-losing enteropathy) and liver involvement. The disease is caused by loss of function mutations of the gene ALG6 (1p31.3).


Insufficient Breast Milk Syndrome

description: Failure to thrive due to poor intake by the infant, inadequate feeding schedule or insufficient maternal production of breast milk.


Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome

description: A syndrome with neuromuscular involvement characterized by infantile hypotonia, muscular hypoplasia, spastic paraparesis with dystonic/athetoic movements, and severe cognitive deficiency.


Jacobsen syndrome

description: A multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual disability contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.


name: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Associated with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

description: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) that started during probable or confirmed acute COVID-19 and persisted at least three months after the initial diagnosis of COVID-19.


name: temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome

description: A common disorder noted with jaw movement. It may be caused by malocclusion, repetitive use injury, trauma or arthritis. It is more prevalent among females between their second and fourth decades. Clinical signs include preauricular pain, temporomandibular joint clicking (as the mandibular condyle slips from the articulation made with the capsular disk and temporal bone) and restriction of jaw motion. Clinical course is typically benign but may progress to associated headaches, ear and neck pain, tinnitus and dislocation of temporomandibular joint. Prognosis is favorable as a majority of cases will respond to conservative management.


trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I

description: An autosomal dominant malformation syndrome caused by mutations in TRPS1 characterized by distinctive craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. TRPS I patients have sparse scalp hair, bulbous tip of the nose, long flat philtrum, thin upper vermilion border, and protruding ears. Skeletal abnormalities include cone-shaped epiphyses at the phalanges, hip malformations, and short stature.


Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

description: A serious disorder characterized by massive adrenal gland hemorrhage secondary to a bacterial infection, most often Neisseria meningitidis infection. It is manifested with decreased blood pressure, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and adrenocortical insufficiency.


paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis

description: A rare disorder characterized by degenerative changes in the limbic area of the brain. Causes include infections and autoimmune conditions; it may also manifest as a paraneoplastic syndrome, most often caused by small cell lung carcinoma. Signs and symptoms include behavioral changes, hallucinations and dementia.


Barre-Lieou syndrome

description: A neurologic syndrome following injury of the spinal sympathetic nerves of the neck. The injury usually results from arthritis or pinching by the adjacent vertebrae. Symptoms include facial pain, chronic allergies, dizziness, neck pain, ear pain and vertigo.


Fanconi anemia complementation group F

description: Fanconi anemia caused by mutations of the FANCF gene. This gene encodes a polypeptide with homology to the prokaryotic RNA-binding protein ROM.


name: Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome

description: A rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome caused by biallelic inheritance of mutations in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 genes. It is characterized by the development of childhood cancers, usually hematological malignancies and/or brain tumors, and colorectal cancers with multiple intestinal polyps. The majority of patients show signs of neurofibromatosis type 1.


Cowden syndrome 1

description: Any Cowden disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTEN gene.


Muir-Torre syndrome

description: A usually autosomal dominant inherited neoplastic syndrome caused by mutations in the hMSH-2 and hMLH-1 genes. It is characterized by the presence of sebaceous skin tumors (adenoma or carcinoma), and internal organ malignant tumors, usually of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract.


Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

description: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) is a skeletal and ectoderlam dysplasia characterized by a tetrad of short stature, postaxial polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and congenital heart defects.


Carney complex

description: Carney complex (CNC) is characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, endocrine overactivity and myxomas.


Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

description: A bilateral, chronic, diffuse granulomatous panuveitis typically characterized by serous retinal detachment and frequently associated with neurological (meningitis), auditory, and dermatological alterations.


name: complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

description: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a form of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a disorder of sex development (DSD), characterized by the presence of female external genitalia in a 46,XY individual with normal testis development but undescended testes and unresponsiveness to age-appropriate levels of androgens.


Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndrome

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome that does not respond to treatment.


Familial Cylindromatosis

description: A rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder associated with mutation of the CYLD tumor suppressor gene. It is characterized by the development of multiple cylindromas, usually in the skin of the scalp.


Alice in Wonderland syndrome

description: A disorienting neuropsychological condition that affects perception. People experience size distortion such as micropsia, macropsia, pelopsia, or teleopsia. Size distortion may occur of other sensory modalities.


name: Intermediate epidermolysis bullosa simplex with cardiomyopathy

description: An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the KLHL24 gene, encoding kelch-like protein 24. It is characterized by epidermolysis bullosa and dilated cardiomyopathy.


Diamond-Blackfan anemia 1

description: Any Diamond-Blackfan anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RPS19 gene.


name: spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, sponastrime type

description: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, spinal abnormalities, saddle nose, and metaphysical striation.


Usher syndrome type 3

description: A syndrome characterized by postlingual progressive hearing loss, abnormalities in the vestibular system, and onset of retinitis pigmentosa symptoms usually by the second decade of life.


Kabuki syndrome

description: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by typical facial features, skeletal anomalies, mild to moderate intellectual disability and postnatal growth deficiency.


Sickle Cell Dactylitis

description: A severe acute inflammatory response affecting the hands and feet of individuals with with sickle cell disease, sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease or sickle cell-beta-thalassemia. It is caused by vaso-occlusive episodes leading to ischemia and finally infarction of the distal portions of the extremities. Clinical signs of pain, swelling and tenderness of digits usually begin in early childhood and may be the initial manifestations of sickle cell anemia. Clinical course is self-limited with instances typically lasting a few weeks and occurring during sickling crises. An initial episode before the age of 1 strongly correlates with a more severe disease course.


CREST syndrome

description: CREST syndrome is a subtype of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) whose name is an acronym for the cardinal clinical features of the syndrome: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia.


name: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with Inoperable, Progressive, Symptomatic Plexiform Neurofibromas

description: Progressive, symptomatic neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with plexiform neurofibromas that cannot be removed surgically without risk of substantial morbidity.


Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary

description: An inherited genetic condition in which members within a family are at an increased risk for the development of benign and/or malignant neoplasms.


Aicardi syndrome

description: Aicardi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the triad of agenesis of the corpus callosum (total or partial), typical chorioretinal lacunae and infantile spasms that affect almost exclusively females.


selective IgD deficiency disease

description: A rare dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of immunoglobulin class D (IgD). It is an uncommon primary antibody deficiency. It is most likely an inherited immunodeficiency. It may be caused by decreased or inefficient production of IgD from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. Most affected persons are asymptomatic and do not appear to be at increased risk for infection.


Mauriac syndrome

description: A complication of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus in children characterized by linear growth impairment, glycogenic hepatopathy, and Cushingoid features.


Neutrophil Actin Defect

description: A genetic disorder characterized by defective polymorphonuclear cell actin function, resulting in impaired granulocyte motility.


Leaky Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

description: A form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) that presents with T-cell counts that are higher than typical for SCID, and variable signs and symptoms including: itchy, erythematous skin, alopecia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thyroid dysfunction and diarrhea. T-cell counts may initially be noted to be within normal ranges since some may "leak" through into the peripheral blood affecting proper measurement.


name: multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1

description: Any multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome-intellectual disability in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PIGN gene.


48,XXYY syndrome

description: The 48,XXYY syndrome represents a chromosomal anomaly of the aneuploidic type characterized by the presence of an extra X and Y chromosome in males.


Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6

description: Any Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HPS6 gene.


name: acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy

description: Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) is a motor-sensory, axonal form of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).


name: Lymphocytic Variant Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

description: A hypereosinophilic syndrome characterized by the presence of a clonal T-cell population. Patients present with cutaneous findings including eczematous dermatitis, nodules, papules, and pruritis, rheumatological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsies show eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytes, clonally rearranged T-cells, and architectural distortion. Skin biopsies may also show the clonally rearranged T-cell population.


bone marrow failure syndrome

description: A familial or acquired bone marrow failure syndrome.


Cogan-Reese syndrome

description: Cogan-Reese syndrome is a clinical variant of iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome characterized by variable iris atrophy, pigmented and pedunculated nodules on the iris and corneal abonormalities. Secondary glaucoma is also a common complication of the disease.


Alstrom syndrome

description: A multisystemic disorder characterized by cone-rod dystrophy, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and progressive hepatic and renal dysfunction.


Swyer-James Syndrome

description: A rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a small lung as a result of unilateral post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans.


compartment syndrome

description: Elevated pressure in a confined space enclosed by fascia or eschar, which may lead to vascular compromise and subsequent ischemic injury to the tissue within the space.


Acroosteolysis dominant type

description: A rare genetic osteolysis syndrome characterized by acroosteolysis of distal phalanges and generalized osteoporosis, associated with additional ossification anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphism, dental anomalies and a wide range of other characteristics.


name: congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E

description: The CDG (Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation) syndromes are a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting glycoprotein synthesis. CDG syndrome type Ie is characterized by psychomotor delay, seizures, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and microcephaly. Ocular anomalies are also very common.


congenital varicella syndrome

description: Fetal varicella syndrome (CVS) is an acquired developmental anomaly syndrome characterized by skin, neurological, ocular, limbs and growth defects secondary to maternal Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection.


Marfan syndrome

description: A disorder of the connective tissue. Connective tissue provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body such as bones, ligaments, muscles, walls of blood vessels, and heart valves. Marfan syndrome affects most organs and tissues, especially the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart, and the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body (the aorta). It is caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called fibrillin-1. Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. At least 25% of cases are due to a new (de novo) mutation. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms in each person.


Achenbach syndrome

description: A rare disorder which affects the volar surfaces of fingers. Clinical signs include recurrent, spontaneous or post-traumatic bruising of fingers. The clinical course of the resultant hematoma usually follows a pattern of resolution within days.


name: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency due to RAG2 Deficiency

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the RAG2 gene, encoding V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2. It is characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency that is both T-cell and B-cell negative.


trichothiodystrophy 1, photosensitive

description: An autosomal recessive subtype of trichothiodystrophy caused by mutation(s) in the ERCC2 gene, encoding general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPD.


Occlusion of internal carotid artery

description: A syndrome caused by stenosis or occlusion of a carotid artery due to atherosclerotic plaque. Symptoms are particular to the cerebral hemisphere supplied by the given carotid artery.


Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by decreased cellularity in the bone marrow.


name: Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Cytogenetic Abnormalities

description: Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias classified based on specific karyotype findings.


Fanconi anemia complementation group J

description: Fanconi anemia caused by mutations in the BRIP1 gene, encoding Fanconi anemia group J protein.


Joubert syndrome 7

description: Any Joubert syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RPGRIP1L gene.


tetrasomy 12p

description: Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual deficit syndrome caused by mosaic tissue-limited tetrasomy for chromosome 12p.


name: early-onset parkinsonism-intellectual disability syndrome

description: A basal ganglia disorder characterized by Parkinsonian-type symptoms (postural changes, tremor, rigidity), megalencephaly and variable intellectual deficit. Other signs are frontal bossing, persistent frontal lobe reflexes, strabismus and seizures. It has been described in three generations of one family. Transmission is X-linked, and the gene is located on chromosomal region Xq27.3-qter.


name: cortical dysplasia-focal epilepsy syndrome

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the CNTNAP2 gene, encoding contactin-associated protein-like 2. It is characterized by normal development until the onset of intractable focal seizures at age 1-9. After the onset of seizures, language regression, intellectual disability, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors begin to occur. The majority of children eventually fulfill the criteria for autism spectrum disorder.


name: Multiorgan Venous and Lymphatic Defect Syndrome

description: A genetic condition, caused by mutation(s) in the DDX24 gene, encoding ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX24. It is associated with vascular stenosis of portal and hepatic veins and/or lymphatic vessels.


Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2

description: An autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations of the CHEK2 gene. It is associated with breast carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, thyroid gland carcinoma, kidney carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.


name: Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome of neurological type

description: Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome associated with mental retardation, deaf-mutism, and abnormal gait. It results from severe maternal iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during pregnancy.


Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

description: A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia, and recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IgM levels are low and IgA and IgE levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.


Fanconi anemia

description: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary DNA repair disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia with bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors.


Wolcott-Rallison syndrome

description: Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS) is a very rare genetic disease, characterized by permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and other clinical manifestations, including recurrent episodes of acute liver failure.


lethal multiple pterygium syndrome

description: Multiple pterygium syndrome lethal type is a very rare genetic condition affecting the skin, muscles and skeleton. It is characterized by minor facial abnormalities, prenatal growth deficiency, spine defects, joint contractures, and webbing (pterygia)of the neck, elbows, back of the knees, armpits, and fingers. Fetuses with this condition are usually not born. Some of the prenatal complications include cystic hygroma, hydrops, diaphragmatic hernia, polyhydramnios, underdevelopment of the heart and lungs, microcephaly, bone fusions, joint dislocations, spinal fusion, andbone fractures. Both X-linked and autosomal recessive inheritance have been proposed. Mutations in the CHRNG, CHRNA1, and CHRND genes have been found to cause this condition.


name: severe combined immunodeficiency due to LCK deficiency

description: An extremely rare autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the LCK gene, encoding tyrosine-protein kinase Lck. It is characterized by T-cell dysfunction.


name: Selective Antibody Deficiency with Normal Immunoglobulins

description: A rare syndrome characterized by deficiency of specific antibodies to polysaccharide antigens while the specific antibodies to protein antigens are normal.


description: A rare immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by the decrease of the CD4-positive lymphocytes below 300 per cubic millimeter in the absence of identifiable immunodeficiency causes. Patients with this syndrome are at an increased risk of opportunistic infections.


thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome

description: Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is a very rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by bilateral radial aplasia and thrombocytopenia.


otopalatodigital syndrome type 1

description: The mildest form of otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorder that is characterized by a generalized skeletal dysplasia, mild intellectual disability, conductive hearing loss, and typical facial anomalies.


Christianson syndrome

description: A very rare form of syndromic intellectual deficit characterized by microcephaly, severe developmental delay or regression, hypotonia, abnormal movements, and early-onset seizures.


Peters plus syndrome

description: An autosomal recessively inherited syndromic developmental defect of the eye characterized by a variable phenotype including Peters anomaly and other anterior chamber eye anomalies, short limbs, limb abnormalities (i.e. rhizomelia and brachydactyly), characteristic facial features (upper lip with cupid bow, short palpebral fissures), cleft lip/palate, and mild to severe developmental delay/intellectual disability. Other associated abnormalities reported in some patients include congenital heart defects (i.e. hypoplastic left heart, absence of right pulmonary vein, bicuspid pulmonary valve), genitourinary anomalies (hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia, renal and ureteral duplication, multicystic dysplastic kidneys, glomerulocystic kidneys) and congenital hypothyroidism.


immunodeficiency 23

description: A condition of decreased or absent presence or activity of phosphoglucomutase 3. Deficiency of this protein is associated with immunodeficiency 23.


Galloway-Mowat syndrome

description: Galloway syndrome is characterized by the association of nephrotic syndrome and central nervous system anomalies.


Perinatal Drug Withdrawal

description: Withdrawal signs and symptoms that present during the perinatal period and are caused by drug use by the pregnant mother.


name: T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to gamma chain deficiency

description: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to gamma chain deficiency, also called SCID-X1, is a form of SCID characterized by severe and recurrent infections, associated with diarrhea and failure to thrive.


Juvenile Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome

description: Chronic, diffuse, non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain disorder associated with fatigue and sleep disturbance that can occur in childhood and adolescence. Tender points are not necessary to make the diagnosis, but if present may be less numerous than found in adults.


Sebastian Syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the triad of thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, and characteristic inclusions in peripheral blood leukocytes, without other organ dysfunction; it is associated with mutation of the MYH9 gene.


Perinatal Blood Aspiration Syndrome

description: Respiratory distress in the newborn due to inhalation of blood; this is an unusual event and is sometimes linked to the non passage of meconium before delivery or mothers with antepartum hemorrhage.


name: short-rib thoracic dysplasia 6 with or without polydactyly

description: A group of rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorders characterized by a constricted thoracic cage, short ribs, and a 'trident' appearance of the acetabular roof. Polydactyly may or may not be present. Other abnormalities include cleft lip and palate and abnormalities of the brain, eye, heart, liver, pancreas, intestine, kidney, and genitalia.


tumor lysis syndrome

description: A condition of metabolic abnormalities that result from a spontaneous or therapy-related cytolysis of tumor cells. Tumor lysis syndrome typically occurs in aggressive, rapidly proliferating lymphoproliferative disorders. Burkitt lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are commonly associated with this syndrome. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia and may result in renal failure, multiple organ failure, and death.


long QT syndrome 3

description: An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the SCN5A gene, encoding sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha. It is characterized by a prolonged QT interval that may result in torsade de pointes, ventricular fibrillation and/or sudden cardiac death.


mucopolysaccharidosis type 4B

description: A rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme beta galactosidase. It is characterized by skeletal dysplasia and short stature.


ELP1-Medulloblastoma Syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant syndrome caused by germline ELP1 gene variations and characterized by an increased risk of developing SHH-activated, TP53-wildtype medulloblastoma during childhood.


Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome

description: A genetic syndrome which occurs in females. It is caused by the inheritance of only one complete X chromosome (45, X). Clinical signs of the symmetrical form are identical to those of Turner syndrome and include bilateral webbing of the neck and edema of the extremities. Clinical characteristics include decreased stature and under-developed sexual organs. Patients usually have a normal life expectancy.


name: diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome

description: This is usually an oligoclonal CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration of various organs.


trichothiodystrophy 2, photosensitive

description: An autosomal recessive subtype of trichothiodystrophy caused by mutation(s) in the ERCC3 gene, encoding general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB.


Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease

description: Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease (DMC) is a rare skeletal disorder belonging to the group of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias.


Fanconi anemia complementation group G

description: Fanconi anemia caused by mutations of the FANCG gene.


VISS syndrome

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the IPO8 gene, encoding importin-8. It is a generalized connective tissue disorder resulting in skin laxity, vascular aneurysms, immune dysregulation, and skeletal anomalies.


renal coloboma syndrome

description: Renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) is a genetic condition characterized by optic nerve dysplasia and renal hypodysplasia.


Carpenter syndrome

description: An extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by premature closure of cranial sutures leading to cone-shaped head, fusion of the digits, and the presence of more digits than normal. It may be associated with heart defects, single horseshoe-shaped kidney, short stature, undescended testes, and mild mental retardation.


Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type

description: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, also known as the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), is an inherited connective tissue disorder defined by characteristic facial features (acrogeria) in most patients, translucent skin with highly visible subcutaneous vessels on the trunk and lower back, easy bruising, and severe arterial, digestive and uterine complications, which are rarely, if at all, observed in the other forms of EDS.


Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome

description: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is a rare, fatal, autosomal dominant and premature aging disease, beginning in childhood and characterized by growth reduction, failure to thrive, a typical facial appearance (prominent forehead, protuberant eyes, thin nose with a beaked tip, thin lips, micrognathia and protruding ears) and distinct dermatologic features (generalized alopecia, aged-looking skin, sclerotic and dimpled skin over the abdomen and extremities, prominent cutaneous vasculature, dyspigmentation, nail hypoplasia and loss of subcutaneous fat).


name: combined immunodeficiency due to ZAP70 deficiency

description: Combined immunodeficiency due to ZAP70 deficiency is a very rare, severe, genetic, combined immunodeficiency disorder characterized by lymphocytosis, decreased peripheral CD8+ T-cells, and presence of normal circulating CD4+ T-cells, leading to immune dysfunction.


mucopolysaccharidosis type 3C

description: A rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase. It is characterized by behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, and mental developmental delays.


Takayasu arteritis

description: A rare inflammatory large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches, but also other large vessels, causing stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm.


Recurrent Myelodysplastic Syndrome

description: The reemergence of myelodysplastic syndrome after a period of remission.


complex regional pain syndrome type 2

description: Complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (CRPS2), or causalgia is a form of complex regional pain syndrome that develops after damage to a peripheral nerve and is characterized by spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia, not necessarily limited to the territory of the injured nerve, as well as at some point, edema, changes in skin blood flow or sudomotor dysfunction in the pain area.


name: severe combined immunodeficiency due to DNA-PKcs deficiency

description: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to DNA-PKcs deficiency is an extremely rare type of SCID characterized by the classical signs of SCID (severe and recurrent infections, diarrhea, failure to thrive), absence of T and B lymphocytes, and cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation.


synpolydactyly type 1

description: Any non-syndromic synpolydactyly in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HOXD13 gene.


UV-sensitive syndrome 2

description: Any UV-sensitive syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ERCC8 gene.


temtamy syndrome

description: Temtamy syndrome is a very rare congenital genetic neurological disorder characterized by agenesis/hypoplasia of corpus callosum with developmental abnormalities, ocular disorders, and variable craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities.


split hand-foot malformation 5

description: Split-hand/foot malformation mapped to chromosome 2q31.


Contrasexual Sexual Development

description: The development of secondary sexual characteristics contrary to pre-pubertal phenotype (feminization in boys; virilization in girls).


Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome

description: A myelodysplastic syndrome resulting from chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer or exposure to certain chemicals.


COFS syndrome

description: Cerebrooculofacioskeletal (COFS) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, belonging to a family of diseases of DNA repair, characterized by a severe sensorineural involvement.


Hurler-Scheie syndrome

description: Hurler-Scheie syndrome is the intermediate form of mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1) between the two extremes Hurler syndrome and Scheie syndrome ; it is a rare lysosomal storage disease, characterized by skeletal deformities and a delay in motor development.


Secondary Sjögren's syndrome

description: Sjogren syndrome that occurs with another systemic autoimmune disorder, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis.


Meconium plug syndrome

description: A transient colonic dysfunction in the newborn characterized by the delayed passage of meconium and associated intestinal dilatation.


T-cell immunodeficiency

description: A broad classification of disorders that affect the cell-mediated aspect of the immune response. Circulating numbers of T lymphocytes are decreased or ineffective.


name: Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome

description: Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by gastrointestinal infection, usually with shiga toxin-producing enterobacteria.


immunodeficiency 14

description: An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) caused by mutation(s) in the PIK3CD gene, encoding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform. It is characterized by defects in T-cells and B-cells and recurrent sinopulmonary infections in childhood.


Gabriele de Vries syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the YY1 gene, encoding transcriptional repressor protein YY1. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, and variable functional and morphological abnormalities.


hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

description: A genetic disorder of ectoderm development characterized by malformation of ectodermal structures such as skin, hair, teeth and sweat glands. It comprises three clinically almost indistinguishable subtypes with impaired sweating as the key symptom: Christ-Siemens-Touraine (CST) syndrome (X-linked), autosomal recessive (AR), and autosomal dominant (AD) HED, as well as a fourth rare subtype with immunodeficiency as the key symptom (HED with immunodeficiency).


name: GASTROINTESTINAL DEFECTS AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the TTC7A gene encoding tetratricopeptide repeat protein 7A. It is characterized by multiple intestinal atresia, multi-organ impairment and associated with T- and B-cell dysfunction.


Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

description: An autosomal recessive inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the KCNE1 and KCNQ1 genes. It is characterized by congenital hearing loss and arrhythmia. It is a form of long QT syndrome.


Oncogenic osteomalacia

description: Oncogenic osteomalacia is characterized by the development of a tumor that causes the bones to be weakened. This occurs when a tumor secretes a substance called fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 inhibits the ability of the kidneys to absorb phosphate. Phosphate is important for keeping bones strong and healthy. Therefore, this disease is characterized by a softening and weakening of the bones (osteomalacia). The disease also results in multiple biochemical abnormalities including high levels of phosphate in the urine (hyperphosphaturia) and low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia). The majority of tumors that cause oncogenic osteomalacia are small and slow-growing. These tumors most commonly occur in the skin, muscles, or bones of the extremities or in the paranasal sinuses around the head. Most of these tumors are benign, meaning they are not associated with cancer. The exact reason that the tumors associated with oncogenic osteomalacia develop is not known. The disease is diagnosed when a person experiences clinical features such as bone weakening and hyperphosphaturia and a tumor is found by imaging of the body. Treatment of the disease consists of surgical removal of the tumor. The symptoms of the disease, including the weakening of the bones, typically resolve once the tumor is removed.


Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1

description: Any Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GPC3 gene.


name: infantile-onset periodic fever-panniculitis-dermatosis syndrome

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the OTULIN gene, encoding ubiquitin thioesterase otulin. It is characterized by neonatal onset of recurrent fever, erythematous rash with painful nodules, painful joints, and lipodystrophy.


triploidy

description: Triploidy is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is an extra set of chromosomes present in each cell. Most pregnancies affected by triploidy are lost through early miscarriage. However, reports exist of some affected babies living up to five months. Those that survive are often mosaic. The signs and symptoms associated with triploidy vary but may include a variety of birth defects and an unusually small size. This condition does not run in families and is not associated with maternal or paternal age. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

description: A syndrome that is defined by signs and symptoms related to abrupt or gradual stoppage of opioids use. They include strong cravings, sweating, nausea, vomiting, irritation, anxiety, muscle pain, dilated pupils and insomnia.


name: Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Germline FAS Mutation

description: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome characterized by the presence of germline FAS mutation.


name: ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency 2

description: A rare disorder caused by mutations in the NFKBIA gene resulting in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It is characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal tissues including the skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands and immune system deficiency. It results in dry and wrinkled skin, sparse scalp and body hair, missing teeth, and reduced ability to sweat. Patients have abnormally low levels of antibodies causing inability to fight infections.


name: Hereditary Tumor Syndrome Associated with Homologous Recombination Pathway Mutations

description: A hereditary neoplastic syndrome characterized by germline mutations of homologous recombination (HR) pathway genes. It is associated with an increased risk of developing various malignancies including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate carcinoma, and melanoma.


Parinaud syndrome

description: A rare syndrome affecting conjugate vertical eye movement. It is often caused by a dorsal midbrain neoplasm, commonly a pinealoma, but may also be attributable to demyelinating diseases or stroke. Clinical signs include limitation of upward gaze, light-near dissociation of the pupillary response, eyelid retraction (Collier's sign) and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Clinical course is dependent on effective treatment of underlying cause.


vitamin K-antagonist embryofetopathy

description: A teratogenic disorder observed in a newborn or child of a mother who was exposed to warfarin during pregnancy. Manifestations include nasal bridge depression, nasal bones hypoplasia, microcephaly, congenital heart disorders, and brachydactyly.


Xq25 microduplication syndrome

description: An X-linked genetic condition caused by duplication of a small segment of Xq25, which may encompass the GRIA3 and STAG2 genes, encoding glutamate receptor 3 and cohesin subunit SA-2. It is characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial dysmorphisms.


leukocyte adhesion deficiency

description: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by defects in the leukocyte adhesion process, marked leukocytosis and recurrent infections.


Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome

description: A rare malformation syndrome characterized by congenital anomalies (microcephaly, specific facial characteristics, broad thumbs and halluces and postnatal growth retardation), short stature, intellectual disability and behavioral characteristics.


Posterior fossa syndrome

description: A postoperative syndrome, usually presenting after midline posterior fossa tumor resection, that involves a variety of signs and symptoms including aphasia, mutism or speech disturbances, dysphagia, mobility problems, cranial nerve palsies and emotional instability.


Mullerian-Renal-Cervical Spine Syndrome

description: A condition characterized by Mullerian duct aplasia, unilateral renal dysplasia, and cervicothoracic anomalies. Other associated findings may include skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis, vertebral anomalies, rib malformations, spina bifida), and face and limb malformations (brachymesophalangy, ectrodactyly). Heart malformations may include valvular pulmonary stenosis, aortopulmonary window, atrial septal defect, and/or tetralogy of Fallot. Putative candidate genes such as HNF1B (17q12), LHX1 (17q12), SHOX (Xp22.33 and Yp11.32), TBX6 ( 16p11.2), and ITIH5 (10p14) may be implicated.


MIRAGE syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the SAMD9 gene, encoding sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 9A. It is a syndromic condition comprising myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital abnormalities, and enteropathy.


name: Myelodysplastic neoplasm of childhood with increased blasts

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts that occurs during childhood.


Diamond-Blackfan anemia 10

description: Any Diamond-Blackfan anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RPS26 gene.


name: granulomatous disease, chronic, X-linked

description: An X-linked recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease caused by mutation(s) in the CYBB gene, encoding cytochrome b-245 beta chain.


name: Fat adherence syndrome of extraocular muscle

description: A disorder which limits movement of the eye following ocular surgery. It is caused by the inadvertent scarring down of the middle portion of the inferior oblique muscle at or near the insertion of the inferior rectus muscle. Clinical signs include hypotropia and excyclotropia. Surgical release of the incarcerated segment will usually correct the deviation of the affected eye.


chromosome 10q23 deletion syndrome

description: 10q22.3q23.3 microdeletion syndrome is a rare partial autosomal monosomy characterized by a mild facial dysmorphism variably including macrocephaly, broad forehead, hypertelorism or hypotelorism, deep-set eyes, upslanting or downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, flat nasal bridge, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip), cleft palate, cerebellar and cardiac malformations, psychomotor development delay, and behavioral abnormalities (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism). Other rare features may include congenital breast aplasia, arachnodactyly, joint hyperlaxity, club feet, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive.


IMAGe syndrome

description: IMAGe syndrome is characterized by the association of intrauterine growth retardation, metaphyseal dysplasia (and short limbs), adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and genital anomalies. It has been described in less than 20 cases. The patients also present with dysmorphic features (frontal bossing, broad nasal bridge, low-set ears). In boys, genital anomalies include bilateral cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This syndrome is likely to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.


HAIR-AN syndrome

description: A condition characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans, typically associated with obesity in teenage girls. It is considered to be a subtype of polycystic ovarian syndrome, but may occur in male individuals. Etiology is unclear, but some cases may be associated with mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor.


Adams-Stokes syndrome

description: An episode of sudden and transient loss of consciousness sometimes associated with seizures. It is caused by a sudden decrease of the cardiac output that results from a sudden cardiac dysrhythmia. Typically patients develop an initial pallor, followed by facial flush during recovery.


Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome

description: Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome belongs to the group of extreme insulin-resistance syndromes (which also includes leprechaunism, the lipodystrophies, and the type A and B insulin resistance syndromes).


Leriche syndrome

description: An atherosclerotic disorder of the peripheral vascular system affecting mostly males in their later decades. It is caused by thrombotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta just above the level of the bifurcation. Clinical signs include impotence, intermittent claudication, diminished femoral pulses and cold, pallid lower extremities. Prognosis is favorable with surgical or endovascular intervention.


mulibrey nanism

description: A prenatal onset growth disorder with multiorgan manifestations.


description: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation(s) in the ADAT3 gene, encoding probable inactive tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase-like protein 3. It is characterized by a neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormalities, poor growth, and abnormal facies.


49,XXXXY syndrome

description: The 49,XXXXY syndrome represents a chromosomal anomaly of the aneuploidic type characterized by the presence of three extra X chromosomes in males.


partial androgen insensitivity syndrome

description: Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a disorder of sex development (DSD) distinct from complete AIS (CAIS) characterized by the presence of abnormal genital development in a 46,XY individual with normal testis development and partial responsiveness to age-appropriate levels of androgens.


Joubert syndrome 9

description: Any Joubert syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CC2D2A gene.


HELLP syndrome

description: A life-threatening condition that can potentially complicate pregnancy. It is named for 3 features of the condition: H emolysis, E levated L iver enzyme levels, and L ow P latelet levels. It typically occurs in the last 3 months of pregnancy (the third trimester) but can also start soon after delivery. A wide range of non-specific symptoms may be present in women with HELLP syndrome. Symptoms may include fatigue; malaise; fluid retention and excess weight gain; headache; nausea and vomiting; pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen; blurry vision; and rarely, nosebleed or seizures. The cause of HELLP syndrome is not known, but certain risk factors have been associated with the condition. It is most common in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia. If not diagnosed and treated quickly, HELLP syndrome can lead to serious complications for the mother and baby.The main treatment is to deliver the baby as soon as possible, even if premature. Treatment may also include medications needed for the mother or baby, and blood transfusion for severe bleeding problems.


schwannomatosis 1

description: Schwannomatosis caused by germline mutations in the SMARCB1 gene.


multiple endocrine neoplasia

description: An autosomal dominant inherited neoplastic syndrome characterized by the development of various endocrine neoplasms and abnormalities in various anatomic sites. There are four types recognized: type 1 (MEN 1), caused by inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene MEN-1, type 2A (MEN 2A), caused by mutation of the RET gene, type 2B (MEN 2B) also caused by mutation of the RET gene, and type 4 (MEN 4) caused by mutation of the CDKN1B gene. Patients with MEN 1 may develop hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid gland adenomas, pituitary gland adenomas, pancreatic islet cell neoplasms, and carcinoid tumors. Patients with MEN 2A develop medullary thyroid carcinomas and may also develop pheochromocytomas and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. Patients with MEN 2B develop medullary thyroid carcinomas and numerous neural defects including neuromas. Patients with MEN 4 develop endocrine neoplasms, particularly in the parathyroid glands, pituitary, and pancreas.


SERKAL syndrome

description: SERKAL (SEx Reversion, Kidneys, Adrenal and Lung dysgenesis) syndrome is characterized by female to male sex reversal and developmental anomalies of the kidneys, adrenal glands and lungs.


Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome

description: Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, marfanoid habitus, cardiac anomalies, neurological abnormalities, and intellectual disability.


Menopausal syndrome

description: A grouping of variable physical, vasomotor and psychological symptoms in climacteric females. Physical symptoms include: cessation of menses, headaches, fatigue, weight gain and vaginal dryness. Vasomotor symptoms typically include: palpitations, hot flashes and night sweats. Psychological symptoms may include: decrease in libido, emotional lability, difficulty concentrating and insomnia.


short rib-polydactyly syndrome

description: Short rib-polydactyly syndromes are a group of bone malformations characterized by a narrow thorax and polydactyly (usually preaxial).


name: cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome

description: An ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by hair, skin and teeth anomalies, facial dysmophism with cleft lip and palate, cutaneous syndactyly and, in some cases, intellectual disability.


Weill-Marchesani syndrome

description: Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a rare condition characterized by short stature, brachydactyly, joint stiffness, and characteristic eye abnormalities including microspherophakia, ectopia of the lens, severe myopia, and glaucoma.


VACTERL/vater association

description: VACTERL/VATER is an association of congenital malformations typically characterized by the presence of at least three of the following: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities.


UNC13D Deficiency

description: A condition of decreased or absent presence of protein unc-13 homolog D. Deficiency of this protein is associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 3.


name: selective immunoglobulin deficiency disease

description: A broad classification of dysgammaglobulinemias characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of one of the five immunoglobulin classes. Deficiencies of immunoglobulins present variably according to isotype. Selective deficiencies may be caused by decreased or inefficient production from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. The clinical course and prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the selective deficiency and associated morbidity.


Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus Ataxia

description: Ataxia associated with chaotic multidirectional conjugate eye movements secondary to metastatic tumors to cerebellum.  The most common malignant tumor associated with this paraneoplastic syndrome is lung carcinoma. (NCI)


Mobius syndrome

description: Moebius syndrome is a very rare congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder characterized by complete or incomplete facial paralysis in association with bilateral palsy of the abducens nerve causing impairment of ocular abduction. The syndrome also includes various other congenital anomalies.


SUNCT syndrome

description: SUNCT syndrome (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) is a primary headache disorder characterized by unilateral trigeminal pain that occurs in association with ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms (conjunctival injection and tearing).


Fanconi anemia complementation group A

description: Fanconi anemia caused by mutations of the FANCA gene. FANCA gene mutations are the most common cause of Fanconi anemia. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway.


atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome

description: A rare, genetic thrombotic microangiopathy due to dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway and characterized by the triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal dysfunction.


cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1

description: Any COFS syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ERCC6 gene.


name: autosomal dominant deafness - onychodystrophy syndrome

description: Dominant deafness-onychodystrophy (DDOD) syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by congenital hearing impairment, small or absent nails on the hands and feet, and small terminal phalanges.


Omenn syndrome

description: An inflammatory condition characterized by erythroderma, desquamation, alopecia, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly, associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).


Senior-Loken syndrome

description: Senior-Loken syndrome (SLSN) is a very rare autosomal recessive oculo-renal disease characterized by the association of nephronophthisis (NPHP), a chronic kidney disease, with retinal dystrophy.


Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome

description: A rare syndrome that is characterized by the partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13. Signs and symptoms include low birth weight, craniofacial malformations, hands and feet malformations, and mental and psychomotor retardation.


paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

description: A rare, immune-mediated disorder characterized by cerebellar degeneration due to the presence of an often undetected malignancy (usually carcinoma or lymphoma) in an anatomic site other than the cerebellum. Signs and symptoms include progressive ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus.


encephalopathy due to GLUT1 deficiency

description: Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome is characterized by an encephalopathy marked by childhood epilepsy that is refractory to treatment, deceleration of cranial growth leading to microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, spasticity, ataxia, dysarthria and other paroxysmal neurological phenomena often occurring before meals. Symptoms appear between the age of 1 and 4 months, following a normal birth and gestation.


Ancell-Spiegler cylindromas

description: A rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis associated with germline mutations of the CYLD tumor suppressor gene. It is characterized by the development of multiple adnexal tumors (usually cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas), typically in the skin of the scalp. It manifests with numerous papules and/or large dome-shaped nodules on the scalp, resembling a turban.


progressive supranuclear palsy

description: A rare late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by supranuclear gaze palsy, postural instability, progressive rigidity, and mild dementia.


MERRF syndrome

description: A condition that can be caused by mutation(s) in more than one mitochondrial gene. It is characterized by myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibers present on muscle biopsy.


name: myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2

description: A myelodysplastic syndrome defined by 10-19% blasts in the bone marrow or 5-19% blasts in the blood and <10% blasts in the bone marrow. Approximately 33% of cases progress to acute leukemia. The prognosis is usually poor. (WHO)


description: Myoclonic-atonic epilepsy caused by mutation(s) in the SLC6A1 gene, encoding sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1.


Wolfram syndrome

description: Wolfram syndrome (WS) also known as DIDMOAD, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by type I diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes insipidus (DI), sensorineural deafness (D), bilateral optical atrophy (OA) and neurological signs. Other related problems are urinary tract atony, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, psychiatric disorders and/or seizures. 2 types of WS may be distinguished: type 1 and type 2 (WS1 and WS2).


Diamond-Blackfan anemia 6

description: Any Diamond-Blackfan anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RPL5 gene.


name: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with Absence of T, Normal B Cells

description: An inherited, severe immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development and function of T cell immunity. The peripheral T lymphocytes are absent or in very low counts. The B lymphocyte counts are normal.


ornithine translocase deficiency

description: A rare, genetic disorder of urea cycle metabolism characterized by either a neonatal-onset with manifestations of lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting and tachypnea or, more commonly, presentations in infancy, childhood or adulthood with chronic neurocognitive deficits, acute encephalopathy and/or coagulation defects or other chronic liver dysfunction.


Sheehan syndrome

description: An uncommon cause of hypopituitarism seen after severe postpartum hemorrhaging. Prolonged hypovolemia leads to ischemic necrosis of the pituitary. Clinical signs typically present in the puerperium and include failure to begin lactation, fatigue, hypotension and eventual amenorrhea. Clinical course is usually mild, however extreme cases may progress to adrenal failure. Prognosis is most favorable when hormone replacement is initiated soon after symptom onset.


Bardet-Biedl syndrome

description: A ciliopathy with multisystem involvement. It is invariantly characterized by rod-cone dystrophy, and at least three additional non-ocular features such as intellectual disability, obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, or renal anomalies as primary manifestations. In the absence of one of these four primary clinical features, the diagnosis of BBS is made when at least two secondary features are observed, including hepatic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, reproductive and developmental abnormalities, growth retardation, speech delays, or cardiovascular problems


name: Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Germline CASP8 Mutation

description: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome characterized by the presence of germline CASP8 mutation.


Ferguson-Smith tumor

description: A rare genetic neoplastic disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance characterized by multiple, recurrent skin cancers that spontaneously resolve. It has been described almost exclusively in families of Scottish origin. It is caused by a mutation in the tumor-suppressing gene, TGFBR1, on chromosome 9. Clinical presentation is usually rapidly growing squamous cell carcinomas or keratoacanthomas that primarily localize to sun-exposed areas. Appearance of the neoplasms occurs over several weeks before receding over the course of several months if untreated. The regression of the lesions leaves pitting cicatrices but no other known sequelae.


name: syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Lubs type

description: Distal Xq duplications refer to chromosomal disorders resulting from involvement of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq). Clinical manifestations vary widely depending on the gender of the patient and on the gene content of the duplicated segment. The prevalence of Xq duplications remains unknown.


Sertoli cell-only syndrome

description: Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCO syndrome) is a cause of male infertility. In SCO syndrome, only Sertoli cells (cells that nurture the immature sperm) line the seminiferous tubules (tubes inside the testicles where sperm develop). Therefore, there are not any sperm cells present in the seminiferous tubules. Men typically learn they are affected between ages 20-40 years when being evaluated for infertility and are found to have no sperm production (azoospermia). Other signs and symptoms are rare, but in some cases there could be an underlying cause of SCO syndrome that causes other symptoms, such as Klinefelter syndrome. Most cases of SCO syndrome are idiopathic (of unknown cause), but causes may include deletions of genetic information on regions of the Y-chromosome, especially on the azoospermia factor (AZF) region of Y-chromosome. Other causes include exposure to chemicals or toxins, history of radiation therapy, and history of severe trauma. Diagnosis of SCO syndrome is confirmed with testicular biopsy. Although there is currently no effective treatment, assisted reproductive technology may assist some men with SCO syndrome in being able to have children.


burning mouth syndrome

description: A condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth.


name: Immunodeficiencies Affecting Cellular and Humoral Immunity - Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

description: A group of immunodeficiency disorders that include T cell-negative, B cell-positive severe combined immunodeficiencies; and T cell-negative, B cell-negative severe combined immunodeficiencies.


XXXY and XXXXY Syndrome

description: Rare syndromes caused by chromosomal defects and characterized by the presence of multiple X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. Signs and symptoms include short stature, mental retardation, hypogonadism, undescended testes, gynecomastia, and hypotonia.


trisomy 13

description: Trisomy 13 is a chromosomal anomaly caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 13 and is characterized by brain malformations (holoprosencephaly), facial dysmorphism, ocular anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, visceral malformations (cardiopathy) and severe psychomotor retardation.


Eisenmenger syndrome

description: Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is an form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with unoperated congenital heart disease and is characterized by congenital heart malformations with reversed or bi-directional shunting through an intra-cardiac or intervascular (usually aorto-pulmonary) communication with the development of PAH.


Cockayne syndrome type 2

description: Cockayne syndrome caused by mutation(s) in the ERCC6 gene, encoding DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6.


Li-Fraumeni syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations of the TP53 gene. It is associated with breast carcinoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, adrenal cortex carcinoma, astrocytic tumors, medulloblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leukemia.


Scheie syndrome

description: Scheie syndrome is the mildest form of mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1), a rare lysosomal storage disease, characterized by skeletal deformities and a delay in motor development.


name: fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome

description: Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult-onset progressive intention tremor and gait ataxia.


growing teratoma syndrome

description: A condition characterized by the presence of a growing mature teratoma in a patient during or after chemotherapy for a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, with normal serum markers for human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha fetoprotein. Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment.


name: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, arthrochalasia type

description: Arthrochalasia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (aEDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder that is caused by defects in a protein called collagen. Common symptoms include severe joint hypermobility ; congenital hip dislocation; fragile, hyperextensible skin; hypotonia ; and kyphoscoliosis (kyphosis and scoliosis). EDS, arthrochalasia type is caused by changes (mutations) in the COL1A1 gene or the COL1A2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Treatment and management is focused on preventing serious complications and relieving associated signs and symptoms.


MELANOMA-PANCREATIC CANCER SYNDROME

description: An inherited condition caused by autosomal dominant mutation(s) in the CDKN2A gene, encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A. The condition is characterized by an increased risk of developing melanoma and/or pancreatic carcinoma.


name: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome due to CREBBP mutations

description: Any Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CREBBP gene.


Seckel syndrome

description: A rare autosomal recessive inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the ATR gene, RBBP8 gene, CENPJ gene, CEP152 gene, CEP63 gene, NIN gene, DNA2 gene, or TRAIP gene. It is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, dwarfism, microcephaly, mental retardation, and a "bird-headed" facial appearance.


name: Acute Encephalopathy with Biphasic Seizures and Late Reduced Diffusion

description: A clinico-radiologic syndrome consisting of acute encephalopathy characterized by biphasic seizures and altered consciousness in the acute phase, followed by restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.


Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1

description: A rare, inherited, popliteal pterygium syndrome characterized by severe popliteal webbing, microcephaly, a typical face with short palpebral fissures, ankyloblepharon, hypoplastic nose, filiform bands between the jaws and facial clefts, oligosyndactyly, genital abnormalities, and additional ectodermal anomalies (i.e. absent hair, eyebrows, lashes, nails). It is often fatal in the neonatal period, but patients living until childhood have been reported.


Gasping syndrome

description: A syndrome in preterm neonates exposed to benzyl alcohol preservative in intravascular solutions that is characterized by unremitting gasping respirations and may include anion gap metabolic acidosis, neurologic deterioration, renal failure, convulsions, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cardiovascular collapse.


Papillon-Lefevre disease

description: Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare ectodermal dysplasia characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma associated with early-onset periodontitis.


name: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency with Absence of T and B Cells

description: An inherited, severe immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormalities in the development and function of T and B cell immunity. The peripheral T and B lymphocytes are absent or in very low counts.


name: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated Kaposi's sarcoma

description: A syndrome that occurs in a proportion of patients with HIV infection and Kaposi sarcoma after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is characterized by a deterioration in their clinical status, despite control of virologic and immunologic parameters.


Kluver-Bucy syndrome

description: Kluver Bucy syndrome is a rare behavioral impairment characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviors and mouthing of objects. Other signs and symptoms include diminished ability to visually recognize objects,loss of normal fear and anger responses, memory loss, distractibility, seizures, and dementia. It is associated with damage to the anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Cases have been reported in association with herpes encephalitis and head trauma. Treatment is symptomatic and may include the use of psychotropic medications.


polymyositis in scleroderma

description: A rare autoimmune disorder in which patients present with overlapping symptoms of systemic scleroderma and polymyositis or dermatomyositis.


name: pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne syndrome

description: A rare pleiotropic autoinflammatory disorder of childhood, primarily affecting the joints and skin.


description: Decreased or absent levels of serum immunoglobulin A, with normal serum levels of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in a patient who is older than 4 years of age and in whom all other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded. Affected individuals may be asymptomatic or have frequent infections, allergic reactions, or autoimmune disorders.


WHIM syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutation(s) in the CXCR4 gene, encoding C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. It is characterized by neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, extensive human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and myelokathexis.


striatonigral degeneration

description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a disruption in the connection between the striatum and the substantia nigra. It is a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Signs and symptoms include rigidity, instability, impaired speech, and slow movements.


description: An X-linked dominant condition caused by mutation(s) in the ZC4H2 gene, encoding zinc finger C4H2 domain-containing protein.  It is characterized by neurogenic arthrogryposis resulting from decreased fetal movements. Additional features may include global developmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, and characteristic facies.


overgrowth syndrome

description: A group of syndromes caused by genetic birth defects that may lead to the development of malignancies. It is characterized by a large body size or large body parts at birth, or excessive body growth early in childhood. Representative examples include neurofibromatosis, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Sturge-Weber syndrome.


Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies

description: A group of primary immunodeficiency diseases caused predominantly by antibody deficiencies, comprised of: Agammaglobulinemia with absent B cells; Severe reduction in at least two serum immunoglobulins, common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype; Severe reduction in serum IgG and IgA with normal or elevated IgM, hyper-IgM; and Isotype, light chain, or functional deficiencies with generally normal numbers of B cells.


Stickler syndrome type 1

description: Stickler syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, caused by mutation(s) in the COL2A1 gene, encoding collagen alpha-1(II) chain.


Evans syndrome

description: Evans syndrome is a rare chronic hematologic disorder characterized by the simultaneous or sequential association of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA; a disorder in which auto-antibodies are directed against red blood cells causing anemia of varying degrees of severity) with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; a coagulation disorder in which auto-antibodies are directed against platelets causing hemorrhagic episodes) and occasionally autoimmune neutropenia, in the absence of a known underlying etiology.


name: Paraneoplastic Subacute Sensory Neuronopathy

description: A sensory neuropathy caused by the effects of a distant neoplasm (usually a small cell carcinoma). It is usually caused by the production of anti-neuronal autoantibodies: anti-Hu (ANNA-1) or anti-CV2 (CRMP-5), which result in cytotoxic T-cell mediated destruction of dorsal root ganglia. It is the most common clinical presentation of paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis. Clinical signs include asymmetric paresthesia of the face, trunk and proximal extremities followed by lancinating pain, vibrioceptive and proprioceptive impairment, and muted reflexes. Clinical course usually follows a progressive neurologic deterioration which stabilizes at a level of severe, permanent disability.


Type II Refractory Celiac Disease

description: Refractory celiac disease associated with abnormal (clonal) intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotype. It is a precursor of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma.


Refractory Thrombocytopenia

description: A myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by the presence of at least 10% dysplastic megakaryocytes, found within at least 30 megakaryocytes examined in the bone marrow.


cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome

description: Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) defines a group of autoinflammatory diseases, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammatory attacks in the absence of infection or autoimmune disease. CAPS comprises 3 disorders on a continuum of severity: severe CINCA syndrome, intermediate Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) and milder familial cold urticaria (FCAS).


name: cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysequilibrium

description: A non-progressive cerebellar disorder characterized by ataxia associated with an intellectual disability, delayed ambulation and cerebellar hypoplasia.


DICER1-related tumor predisposition

description: Pathogenic germline variation in DICER1 confers an autosomal dominant predisposition to tumor formation at multiple primary sites, including pleuropulmonary blastoma, pulmonary cysts, thyroid gland neoplasia, ovarian tumors, and cystic nephroma. Other syndromic features such as macrocephaly have been described.


name: Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Myelodysplastic syndrome with low blasts characterized by the absence of defining genetic abnormalities.


Neurofibromatosis aggravated

description: A condition causing exacerbation of the clinical features of neurofibromatosis.


acute motor axonal neuropathy

description: Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) is a pure motor axonal form of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).


Denys-Drash Syndrome, Incomplete

description: Condition comprising congenital nephrotic syndrome with associated WT1 gene mutation with either intersex disorder or Wilms tumor.


ring chromosome 13

description: Ring chromosome 13 is a chromosomal anomaly of chromosome 13 characterized by a widely variable phenotype (ranging from mild to severe) principally characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, developmental delay, short stature, moderate to severe intellectual deficit, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (i.e. upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, abnormal ears, broad nasal bridge, high arched palate, micrognathia, small mouth, and thin lips), hands and feet anomalies, and genital abnormalities. Additional features reported include behavioral problems, hearing and speech disorders, congenital heart defects, cerebral malformations, and anal atresia.


Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2

description: An X-linked inherited form of Cornelia De Lange syndrome caused by mutations in the SMC1A gene mapped to chromosome Xp11.22. Patients have a milder form of the syndrome compared to patients with the NIPBL gene mutation.


C1Q deficiency

description: C1q deficiency is a rare disorder associated with recurrent skin lesions, chronic infections, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or SLE-like diseases. It has also been associated with a kidney disease known as mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. C1q is a complex and together with other proteins, C1r and C1s, it forms the C1 complex. This complex is important for the activation of the complement system (a group of proteins that work with the immune system). It also disposes cells that are dead. C1q deficiency presents in 2 different forms, absent C1q protein or abnormal C1q protein. Symptoms include infections (ear infections (otitis media), meningitis, urinary tract infections, oral infections); skin lesions (small blisters (vesicles), dark patches, and atrophic areas) that get worse upon light exposure; cataracts; loss of eyelashes, eyebrows, and scalp hair; blood in urine; and glomerulonephritis. About 93% of cases are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. It can be caused by mutations in the C1QA, C1QB or C1QC genes and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment depends on the symptoms. Recently, it was shown that C1q production can be restored by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a procedure in which a person receives blood-forming stem cells (cells from which all blood cells develop) from a genetically similar, but not identical donor.


Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia

description: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a clinically variable form of isolated agammaglobulinemia, an inherited immunodeficiency disorder, and is characterized in affected males by recurrent bacterial infections during infancy.


Turcot Syndrome Type 1

description: An autosomal dominant hereditary neoplastic syndrome caused by mutations in the PMS2, MLH1, or MSH2 genes. It is characterized by the presence of glioblastoma and the absence of familiar adenomatous polyposis. Patients often develop hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma.


IFN-gamma Receptor 1 Deficiency

description: A condition of decreased or absent presence or activity of interferon gamma receptor 1. Deficiency of this protein is associated with immunodeficiency 27A and immunodeficiency 27B.


name: anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

description: An autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys and is characterized by pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage (bleeding in the lungs) and a kidney disease known as glomerulonephritis. Some use the term 'Goodpasture syndrome' for the findings of glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage and the term 'Goodpasture disease' for those patients with glomerulonephritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and anti-GBM antibodies. Currently, the preferred term for both conditions is “ anti-GBM antibody disease ”. Circulating antibodies are directed against the collagen of the part of the kidney known as the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), resulting in acute or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Antibodies also attack the collagen of the air sacs of the lung (alveoli) resulting in bleeding of the lung (pulmonary hemorrhage). Symptoms may include general body discomfort or pain, bleeding from the nose and/or blood in the urine, respiratory problems, anemia, chest pain, and kidney failure. Anti-GBM disease is thought to result from an environmental insult (smoking, infections, exposure to certain drugs) in a person with genetic susceptibility, such as a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. Diagnosis is confirmed with the presence of anti-GBM antibody in the blood or in the kidney. The treatment of choice is plasmapheresis in conjunction with prednisone and cyclophosphamide.


de novo Myelodysplastic Syndrome

description: A primary myelodysplastic syndrome not associated with prior radiation or chemotherapy treatment.


fetal valproate syndrome

description: Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS), is an anticonvulsant drug-related embryofetopathy that can occur when a fetus is exposed to valproic acid (VPA), characterized by distinct facial dysmorphism, congenital anomalies and developmental delay (especially in language and communication).


name: GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR, FAMILIAL

description: An inherited condition caused by autosomal dominant mutation(s) in the KIT or PDGFRA genes, encoding mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit and platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha respectively. The condition is characterized by the occurrence of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).


name: syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 5

description: X-linked Dandy-Walker malformation with intellectual disability, basal ganglia disease and seizures (XDIBS), or Pettigrew syndrome is a central nervous system malformation characterized by severe intellectual deficit, early hypotonia with progression to spasticity and contractures, choreoathetosis, seizures, dysmorphic face (long face with prominent forehead), and brain imaging abnormalities such as Dandy-Walker malformation, and iron deposition.


Parana hard-skin syndrome

description: A rare disorder characterized by rigid, thick skin that covers the entire body and affects movements. The movement of the chest and abdomen is severely restricted. Affected individuals develop respiratory insufficiency which may lead to death.


tempi syndrome

description: TEMPI syndrome is a rare multi-systemic disease characterized by the presence of Telangiectasias, Erythrocytosis with elevated erythropoietin levels, Monoclonal gammopathy, Perinephric-fluid collections, and Intrapulmonary shunting.


Fanconi anemia complementation group D2

description: Fanconi anemia caused by mutations of the FANCD2 gene. This gene is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, both by homologous recombination and single-strand annealing.


Griscelli syndrome type 2

description: Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2) is a rare, inherited condition that affects the skin, hair, and immune system. People with GS2 have unusually light skin and silver-colored hair. They are also prone to recurrent infections and develop an immune condition called hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH can damage organs and tissues throughout the body, causing life-threatening complications. GS2 is caused by changes (mutations) in the RAB27A gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The only current treatment that can extend survival is stem cell transplantation (a bone marrow transplant). Untreated, most children with GS2 do not survive past early childhood.


Diffuse Leiomyomatosis Syndrome

description: A syndrome characterized by multiple, benign nodular smooth muscle neoplasms of the esophagus, tracheobronchial tree and the genitourinary tract. Clinical signs include dysphagia with retrosternal pain, dyspnea and genital hypertrophy. There is a strong association with Alport Syndrome in patients with deletions in the type IV collagen alpha chain genes COL4A5 and COL4A6.


Opitz G/BBB syndrome

description: Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS) is a multiple congenital anomalies disorder characterized by malformations of the midline including hypertelorism, laryngo-tracheo-esophalgeal defects and hypospadias. There are two clinically indistinguishable genetic subtypes of Opitz G/BBB: X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS), and autosomal dominant Opitz G/BBB syndrome (ADOS).


Myhre syndrome

description: Myhre syndrome is characterized by striking muscular build, short stature, reduced joint mobility, brachydactyly, mixed hearing loss and mental retardation of variable severity. Facial dysmorphism with short palpebral fissures, short philtrum, thin lips, maxillary hypoplasia and prognathism is present. Thick skin has been observed in six patients.


Meniere disease

description: A disease of the inner ear (labyrinth) that is characterized by fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss; tinnitus; episodic vertigo; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.


name: CAR T-cell-Related Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-like Syndrome

description: A group of rare but severe toxicities resembling hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that present in a subset of patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Characteristic findings may include hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, coagulopathy, hepatic transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia, neutropenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and occasionally hemophagocytosis.


name: Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Gene Mutations

description: Myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemias characterized by the presence of gene mutations that are associated with myelodysplasia.


name: CDH1-Associated Breast Carcinoma Syndrome

description: A cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by inactivating germline mutations of the CDH1 gene. It is associated with the development of lobular carcinoma of the breast. Females with mutation of the CDH1 gene have a 40% risk of developing lobular breast carcinoma.


Townes-Brocks syndrome

description: Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the triad of imperforate anus, dysplastic ears often associated with sensorineural and/or conductive hearing impairment, and thumb malformations. These features are often associated with other signs mainly affecting the kidneys and heart.


long QT syndrome 14

description: Any long QT syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the CALM1 gene.


X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

description: X-linked lymphoproliferative disease is a hereditary immunodeficiency characterized, in the majority of cases, by an inadequate immune response to infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).


name: severe combined immunodeficiency due to CD70 deficiency

description: A rare primary immunodeficiency caused by homozygous CD70 mutation. It is characterized by susceptibility to Epstein-Barr virus infection, hypogammaglobulinemia, and development of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphomas.


mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4a

description: Alpers Huttenlocher syndrome (AHS) is a cerebrohepatopathy and a rare and severe form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome characterized by the triad of progressive developmental regression, intractable seizures, and hepatic failure.


name: proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the PSMB8 gene, encoding proteasome subunit beta type-8. It is characterized by early onset annular erythematous plaques, partial lipodystrophy, and recurrent fever.


CODAS syndrome

description: Codas syndrome is a multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by Cerebral, Ocular, Dental, Auricular and Skeletal anomalies.


DNA ligase IV deficiency

description: LIG4 syndrome is a hereditary disorder associated with impaired DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms and characterized by microcephaly, unusual facial features, growth and developmental delay, skin anomalies, and pancytopenia, which is associated with combined immunodeficiency (CID).


congenital myasthenic syndrome 5

description: Congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by mutation(s) in the COLQ gene, encoding acetylcholinesterase collagenic tail peptide. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.


Reye syndrome

description: An acute and potentially fatal metabolic disorder characterized by cerebral edema, fatty liver and hypoglycemia. It occurs primarily in children and has been associated with the use of aspirin for the treatment of viral infections. However, it can also occur in the absence of aspirin use.


transient hypogammaglobulinemia

description: A broad classification for humoral immunodeficiencies. These disorders may be caused by inadequate activation of progenitor B cells, defective class-switching or the effects of medications. Despite the potential for increased susceptibility to infection, these disorders are self-limited with eventual normalization of serum antibody levels.


name: Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Low Blasts, Not Otherwise Specified

description: Childhood myelodysplastic syndrome with low blasts in which further characterization is not available.


Vertiginous syndrome

description: A group of disorders characterized by the sensation of constant motion or spinning despite not moving.


Sandifer syndrome

description: Sandifer syndrome is a paroxysmal dystonic movement disorder occurring in association with gastro-oesophageal reflux, and, in some cases, hiatal hernia.


thoracic outlet syndrome

description: A syndrome resulting from the compression of the blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and first rib (thoracic outlet). It is caused by car accident injuries or repetitive job or sport-related injuries. Signs and symptoms include pain in the shoulders and neck, numbness in the fingers, and weakening grip.


name: epidermodysplasia verruciformis, susceptibility to, 4

description: An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the RHOH gene, encoding Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoH. It presents in childhood and is characterized by defects in T-cell development and signaling leading to increased susceptibility to certain human papilloma viruses (HPV) that cause warty skin lesions that are unresponsive to treatment.


long QT syndrome

description: A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (syncope) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are Romano-Ward syndrome (also known as long QT syndrome 1) and Jervell-Lange Nielsen syndrome.


Fanconi anemia complementation group N

description: Any Fanconi anemia in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PALB2 gene.


trichothiodystrophy

description: Trichothiodystrophy or TTD is a heterogeneous group disorders characterized by short, brittle hair with low-sulphur content (due to an abnormal synthesis of the sulfur containing keratins).