name: Pancreatic Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm

description: An epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas characterized by the formation of tubular structures, high grade dysplasia, and ductal differentiation. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal nodular masses. Morphologically, there are nodules of tubular glands and occasional papillary structures growing in dilated ducts.  There is no significant mucin production. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, vomiting, steatorrhea, and diabetes mellitus.


category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Cancer that is not dependent upon the presence of estrogen for metastasis or growth. 2005


Maternal Obesity

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: Obesity in a female who has a child.


Atrophy of vagina

description: A condition characterized by the absence of squamous maturation in the vaginal epithelium. It is associated with decreased estrogen production.


Stage IIIA Cervical Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3a, Any N, M0. T3a: Tumor involving the lower third of vagina but not extending to pelvic wall. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Stage IB2 Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma measuring more than 5 mm in depth and more than 4 cm in maximum diameter. (FIGO 2009)


Anal Mucositis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the anus.


name: Stage I Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Pheochromocytoma measuring less than 5 cm in greatest dimension, with no extra-adrenal invasion. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Recurrent Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

description: The reemergence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma after a period of remission.


name: Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Sternal Injury

description: A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the sternum. (ACC/AHA)


BK virus infection

description: An infection caused by the BK virus. It usually causes an asymptomatic infection, except in immunocompromised individuals where it may cause nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis.


Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the skin and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: IgG-Positive Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the presence of class-switched immunoglobulin heavy chain expressing IgG.


name: Recurrent Moderate-Severe Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease

description: The reemergence of moderate-severe chronic graft versus host disease after a period of remission.


Locally Advanced Bone Sarcoma

description: Bone sarcoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Factor X Inactivation

description: Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor X in the blood.


Dendritic Blue Nevus

description: A blue nevus characterized by the proliferation of dendritic melanocytes in sclerotic stromal collagen.


Megaureter

description: Enlargement of the diameter of the ureter, which can be partial or complete.


name: Refractory Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

description: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that is resistant to treatment.


Cutaneous lymphoma

description: A lymphoma involving the skin.


Precordial Catch Syndrome

description: A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain characterized by brief, sharp discomfort associated with inspiration. (ACC/AHA)


Seminoma, anaplastic

description: A seminoma of the testis characterized by increased cellular pleomorphism, high mitotic activity, and a non-prominent stromal lymphocytic infiltrate.


NK-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

description: A precursor lymphoid neoplasm that expresses CD56 and immature T-cell markers, lacks B-lymphoid and myeloid markers, and has immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in the germline configuration.


Cervical Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of cervical cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Classical Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma

description: A low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma that may have poorly formed collagen rosettes, but lacks prominent, well formed collagen rosettes.


name: Male Non-Neoplastic Reproductive System Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostatitis, balanitis, and phimosis.


name: Refractory Polycythemia Vera, Post-Polycythemic Myelofibrosis Phase

description: Polycythemia vera, post-polycythemic myelofibrosis phase that is resistant to treatment.


name: Localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A bladder urothelial carcinoma that has focally invaded into the bladder muscularis propria.


Antepartum Obstetric Thromboembolism

description: Presence of a blood clot in the maternal vascular system which originated from a distant site during the antepartum period.


name: Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2


name: Good Prognosis Metastatic Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

description: Metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumor in which risk factors are absent.


Urothelial carcinoma urethra recurrent

description: The reemergence of urethral urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Stage 0 Testicular Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: pTis, N0, M0, S0. pTis: Testicular cancer with a finding of germ cell neoplasia in situ. N0: Testicular cancer with no regional lymph node metastasis. M0: Testicular cancer without evidence of distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Localized Childhood Retinoblastoma by Toronto Guidelines v2

description: Intraocular tumor. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Cervical meningomyelocele

description: A congenital abnormality in the cervical region of the spine in which the spinal cord and meninges protrude through a defect in the spinal column. The protrusion is above the skin surface.


name: Refractory Monomorphic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder that does not respond to treatment.


Encephalopathy Related to COVID-19

description: Encephalopathy in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Stage IIA Pancreatic Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


name: Postneoadjuvant Therapy Stage III Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T0-2, N1, M0); IIIB: (T3, N1, M0); (T0-3, N2, M0); (T4a, N0, M0). T0: No evidence of primary tumor. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Hepatobiliary Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholangitis, and cholecystitis.


name: Locally Advanced Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: Digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G2 that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Induced cataract

description: A cataract that has been produced artificially or by induction, e.g. as a result of device use, medication, trauma, tears, falls, accidental injury, etc.


Stage IA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: T1a, N0, M0. T1a: Tumor confined to the vulva and perineum, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension, and with stromal invasion no greater than 1 mm.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that has spread to another anatomic site.


name: Recurrent Digestive System Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: The reemergence of digestive system neuroendocrine tumor G1 after a period of remission.


name: Clinical Stage IIB Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Esophageal Neuroendocrine Tumor G1

description: A rare, well differentiated, low grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The majority of cases have a polypoid appearance, are small lesions, and found incidentally.


name: Transcription Factor-Associated Monogenic Diabetes

description: Monogenic diabetes caused by inactivating mutation(s) in transcription factors regulating expression of pancreatic beta cell genes.


name: Bradyarrhythmia Related to COVID-19 Requiring Temporary or Permanent Pacing

description: Bradycardia (ventricular rate less than 60 bpm) showing signs of hypoperfusion and that requires temporary or permanent pacemaker intervention in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2

description: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia characterized by the presence of nuclear intraepithelial neoplastic changes in the lower two-thirds of the epithelium and parakeratosis.


Anemia due to Increased Destruction

description: Anemia that results from an increased rate of erythrocyte destruction.


Acute pericarditis

description: Acute inflammation of the pericardium.


Skin squamous cell carcinoma recurrent

description: The reemergence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after a period of remission.


name: Platinum-Refractory Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

description: Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that progresses during platinum therapy or within one month of completing platinum therapy.


Stage IVA Cervical Cancer FIGO 2009

description: Cervical carcinoma with rectal or bladder involvement. (FIGO 2009)


Viral gastroenteritis

description: Gastroenteritis resulting from a viral infection.


name: Human Papillomavirus-Related Malignant Neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection.


Metaplastic carcinoma

description: A general term used to describe carcinomas arising from epithelial cells that have been transformed into another cells type (metaplastic epithelial cells). A representative example is the adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett esophagus. This term is also used to describe carcinomas in which the malignant epithelial cells show differentiation towards another cell type. A representative example of the latter is the metaplastic breast carcinoma in which the malignant glandular cells show squamous, spindle cell, or chondroid/osseous differentiation.


Foveolar-Type Adenoma

description: A rare neoplastic polyp that arises from the stomach.  It is characterized by the presence of foveolar-type epithelium.  It may be seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.


Avascular joint necrosis

description: Death of bone tissue in a joint due to temporary or permanent interruption of blood flow.


Endogenous Infection

description: An infection caused by an infectious agent that is present on or in the host prior to the start of the infection.


Unresectable Malignant Mesothelioma

description: Malignant mesothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Classic Type Trichilemmoma

description: Trichilemmoma in which there is no evidence of sclerotic stroma formation.


Small Cell Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma composed of small malignant cells.


Non-Congenital Amegakaryocytosis

description: An acquired non-neoplastic disorder characterized by marked reduction or absence of megakaryocytes and thrombocytopenia.


Imperforate Vagina

description: A congenital birth defect characterized by the absence of a normal vaginal opening.


name: Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIIC includes: IIIC1 (T1-T3, N1, M0); IIIC2 (T1-T3, N2, M0). T1: Tumor confined to corpus uteri.  T2: Tumor invades stromal connective tissue of the cervix but does not extend beyond uterus.  Endocervical glandular involvement only should be considered as Stage I and not as Stage II. T3: Tumor involves serosa and/or adnexa, vagina, or parametrial tissue. N1: Regional lymph node metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes. N2: Regional lymph node metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes, with or without positive pelvic lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. This staging applies to carcinomas and carcinosarcomas. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Central Nervous System Erdheim-Chester Disease

description: Erdheim-Chester disease that affects the central nervous system.


Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

description: Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.


Stage I Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: (T1, N0, M0); (T2, N0, M0). T1: Tumor invades the submucosa (through the muscularis mucosa but not into the muscularis propria). T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Malignant Vipoma

description: An aggressive neuroendocrine tumor located in the pancreas or small intestine. It is composed of cells containing vasoactive intestinal peptide.  It is associated with watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. It displays vascular invasion and metastasizes to other anatomic sites.


Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma

description: A variant of ductal eccrine carcinoma with squamoid metaplasia.


name: T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities

description: T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias characterized by the presence of recurring cytogenetic and/or molecular abnormalities.


name: Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma RTK1

description: An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase type 1 (RTK1) alterations.


Stage IVA Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IVA includes: (T1/T2, N3, M0); (T3, Any N, M0).  T1: Invasive vulvar cancer confined to the vulva or perineum.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  T3: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to any of the following: upper/proximal 2/3 urethra, upper/proximal 2/3 vagina, bladder mucosa, rectal mucosa, or fixed to pelvic bone.  N3: Vulvar cancer with fixed or ulcerated regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Refractory Primary Myelofibrosis

description: Primary myelofibrosis that is resistant to treatment.


Congenital absence of uterus

description: A congenital abnormality characterized by the complete absence of the uterus.


name: Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell-Hemoglobin C Disease

description: Sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease exacerbated by sudden pain caused by sickled erythrocytes impeding blood flow within a vessel.


name: Dyskeratosis Congenita, Autosomal Dominant 3

description: Dyskeratosis congenita caused by autosomal dominant mutation(s) in the TINF2 gene, encoding TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2. Mutations in TINF2 may also lead to another phenotype known as Revesz syndrome (Dyskeratosis Congenita, Autosomal Dominant 5).


Refractory Digestive System Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma hat arises from any part of the digestive system and is resistant to treatment.


name: Hematologic Neoplasm with Germline RUNX1 Mutation

description: An autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by abnormalities in platelet number and function and enhanced risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia at a young age. Patients have germline monoallelic mutations in RUNX1 gene. The clinical presentation is variable, even within the same family. Most affected individuals have a mild to moderate bleeding tendency. Platelet counts are normal or mildly reduced, with normal platelet morphology and variable degrees of platelet dysfunction. Distinct families with germline RUNX1 mutations exhibit varying risks of development of myeloid neoplasms with 11-100% (median: 44%) of family members affected. (WHO 2017)


Parietal cell carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma of the stomach arising from the parietal cells. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm.


name: Clinical Stage IV Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: IVA: (T1-4a, N2, M0); (T4b, N0-2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); IVB: (Any T, Any N, M1). T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor invades adventitia. T4a: Tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, azygos vein, diaphragm, or peritoneum. T4b: Tumor invades other adjacent structures, such as the aorta, vertebral body, or airway. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. N2: Tumor with metastasis in three to six regional lymph nodes. N3: Tumor with metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Refractory Childhood Central Nervous System Neoplasm

description: A central nervous system neoplasm in childhood that is resistant to treatment.


Pancreatobiliary-type carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises from the ampulla of Vater. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that resemble the malignant cells of the pancreatic ductal or extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas.


name: Bile Duct Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm, High Grade

description: A non-invasive mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.  It is characterized by the presence of severe atypia.


hepatoid adenocarcinoma of gallbladder

description: A rare variant of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.  It is characterized by the presence of a malignant glandular epithelial infiltrate that resembles hepatocellular carcinoma.


description: Elevated bilirubin levels in the blood of a newborn infant. It is a normal response due to the limited ability to excrete bilirubin until the maturation of the neonatal liver is complete.


name: Clinical Stage II Esophageal Adenocarcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: IIA: T1, N1, M0; IIB: T2, N0, M0. T1: Tumor invades the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Tumor with metastasis in one or two regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Ventilation or Perfusion Signs and Symptoms


name: Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that has metastasized from an  unknown primary site.


name: Preinvasive Neoplasm of the Ampullary Region

description: A premalignant neoplastic and dysplastic lesion that arises from the ampulla of Vater.  It is characterized by the absence of invasion.  This category includes intestinal-type adenomas, noninvasive papillary neoplasms of pancreatobiliary type, and flat intraepithelial neoplasia.


Anal Canal Neuroendocrine Tumor G2

description: A well differentiated, intermediate grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. The mitotic count is 2-20 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is 3 to 20 percent.


Cyst

description: A sac-like closed membranous structure that may be empty or contain fluid or amorphous material.


Stage IA Esophageal Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IA includes: For squamous cell carcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1, GX, Tumor location: Any. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1.  Tumor location: Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus.  For adenocarcinoma: T1, N0, M0, G1-2, X. T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  G1: Well differentiated.  G2: Moderately differentiated. GX: Grade cannot be assessed-stage grouping as G1. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Metastatic Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


undifferentiated carcinoma of appendix

description: A high grade carcinoma arising from the appendix, characterized by the absence of glandular or squamous differentiation.


Childhood Esophageal Carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma of the esophagus that occurs during childhood.


name: Localized Malignant Supratentorial Neoplasm

description: A malignant supratentorial neoplasm that is confined to a specific site without evidence of spread to other anatomic sites.


Distal Urethral Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the distal part of the urethra.


Tuberculosis of adrenal glands

description: Tuberculosis of the adrenal gland.


name: Testicular Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumor, Mixed Forms

description: A sex cord-stromal tumor of the testis which may contain any combination of cell types, for example Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and granulosa cells. Symptoms include testicular swelling and gynecomastia.


name: Lugano Classification Stage II Bulky Adult Lymphoma AJCC v8

description: Stage II Bulky: Stage II with disease bulk. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


Schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type

description: Schizoaffective disorder with episodes of mania and depression.


name: Digestive System Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from any part of the gastrointestinal system.  It is characterized by the presence of malignant large cells.


name: Clinical Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Evidence of distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm of low grade arising from the digestive system. It is composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with small vesicular nuclei. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent. The tumor can occur anywhere in the digestive system; approximately 90% arise in the appendix.


Refractory Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

description: Esophageal adenocarcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Chemical Gastritis

description: Gastritis caused by injury to the gastric mucosa by chemicals. The injury occurs due to reflux of bile and pancreatic enzymes.


Stage IIB Gastric Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IIB includes: (T4a, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T2, N2, M0); (T1, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa.  T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria. T3: Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures.  T4a: Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes.  N2: Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes.  N3: Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Childhood Ependymoma by Toronto Guidelines v2 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of childhood ependymoma according to the Toronto childhood cancer staging guidelines v2.


Atrophic arthritis

description: An antiquated term indicating arthritis and bone loss.


Carcinoma in situ of fallopian tube

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0.  Tis: Carcinoma in situ (limited to tubal mucosa). N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. FIGO no longer includes stage 0. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: MITF Pathway-Activated Melanocytic Tumor

description: A cutaneous neoplasm associated with MITF gene rearrangement and either ACTIN-MITF translocation or MITF-CREM translocation. It is composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm that exhibit melanocytic differentiation and proliferate in the dermis. It presents as a single non-pigmented cutaneous nodule.


small cell carcinoma of appendix

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the wall of the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


Sinus Pain

description: Painful sensation in the face, between the eyes, or upper teeth originating from the sinuses. It is usually caused by sinus infections.


In situ follicular neoplasia

description: A follicular neoplasia confined to the germinal centers of the lymph nodes, without evidence of disseminated disease. It is characterized by the replacement of a germinal center by neoplastic centrocytes with uniformly intense positivity for BCL2. The surrounding mantle cuff and lymphoid architecture are intact. It has a low rate of progression to follicular lymphoma, but is often associated with prior or synchronous overt lymphoma.


Benign Familial Infantile Seizures

description: A genetically heterogenous afebrile seizure disorder of infancy, typically occurring between the third and eight month of life, that is characterized by brief partial seizures occurring in clusters over a day or several days. Psychomotor and neurologic development before and after seizures are normal.


name: Refractory Anal Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

description: Anal canal squamous cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


Chronic candidiasis

description: Candidiasis that is persistent or long-standing in nature.


name: Benign Germinative Follicular Epithelium Neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that arises from the germinative follicular epithelium and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


name: Benign neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts

description: A neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Resectable Oligodendroglioma

description: An oligodendroglioma that is amenable to surgical resection.


name: Localized Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gastroesophageal junction and has not spread to other anatomic sites.


Congenital non-progressive ataxia

description: A clinically and genetically heterogenous group of rare, predominantly non-progressive neurological disorders present at birth and characterized by hypotonia, developmental delays, and ataxia. Cognitive and motor impairments may improve over time.


Cervical Non-Neoplastic Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cervix. Representative examples include endometriosis and cervicitis.


Stage II Vulvar Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Vulvar cancer with tumor of any size with extension to adjacent perineal structures (lower/distal 1/3 urethra, lower/distal 1/3 vagina, anal involvement).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Carcinoma Arising in Bladder Diverticulum

description: A carcinoma arising in a bladder diverticulum. Approximately one-third to half of the cases represent non-invasive, low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Approximately half of the invasive carcinomas are urothelial. The rest include adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and small cell carcinomas.


Unresectable Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma which is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Gallbladder Benign Non-Epithelial Neoplasm

description: A non-epithelial neoplasm that arises from the gallbladder and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include leiomyoma, lipoma, and neurofibroma.


name: Borderline Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Tumor

description: A neoplasm of low malignant potential arising from the fallopian tube. It is characterized by the presence of glandular or cystic spaces which contain atypical glandular epithelial cells resembling endometrial cells.  There is no evidence of stromal invasion.


name: Pathologic Stage IIA Merkel Cell Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T2-3, N0, M0. T2: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 2 cm but equal to or less than 5 cm. T3: Maximum clinical tumor diameter more than 5 cm. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis detected on pathologic examination. M0: No distant metastasis detected on clinical and/or radiologic examination. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Non-Neoplastic Corneal Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the cornea.


name: Hodgkin's disease mixed cellularity stage I site unspecified

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage I: Involvement of a single lymph node region (I); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in the absence of any lymph node involvement (IE) (rare in Hodgkin lymphoma).


Vulvar Warty Carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of a warty surface and cellular changes that are caused by human papillomavirus infection.


name: Appendix Enterochromaffin Cell Serotonin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the wall of the appendix.  It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming round solid nests and occasionally glandular structures.  The majority of the cases are asymptomatic, and they are found incidentally in appendectomy specimens.  The majority of the tumors are located in the distal end of the appendix and they are enterochromaffin-cell carcinoid tumors producing serotonin.  Most cases show morphologic evidence of appendiceal wall and lymphatic vessel invasion by tumor cells.  Despite the morphologic evidence of invasion, appendiceal carcinoid tumors only infrequently produce lymph node or distant metastases.


Laboratory Test Result

description: The outcome of a laboratory test.


Intimal dissection

description: A dissection of an artery that occurs though a tear in the inner lining of the blood vessel.


Advanced Pancreatobiliary Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater and has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


name: Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor, Postpubertal-Type

description: Testicular yolk sac tumor that is associated with germ cell neoplasia in situ and usually occurs as a component of mixed germ cell tumor. Pure postpubertal-type testicular yolk sac tumor is exceedingly rare.


Paratesticular Mesothelial Neoplasm

description: A mesothelial neoplasm that arises from the paratesticular structures. It includes adenomatoid tumor, well differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor, and malignant mesothelioma.


Tissue Kallikrein Deficiency

description: A disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of tissue-type kallikrein activity in the tissues and glandular secretions where it is normally present.


Cutaneous Melanoma by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of cutaneous melanoma, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v6 classification system.


Alpha trait thalassemia

description: A condition in which a person has reduced protein production from two of the four alpha-globin alleles.


name: Glandular Cell Intraepithelial Neoplasia


Virus-Related Lymphoma

description: Lymphoma that is caused by a virus infection.


Atypical hyperplasia of breast

description: A general term that refers to atypical hyperplastic proliferations of the epithelial cells in the breast parenchyma.  Examples include atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


name: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma

description: A rare, low-grade sweat gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. It usually arises on the eyelids and periorbital skin. It affects mostly older individuals. Women are affected more frequently than men. Morphologically, it is characterized by well-demarcated nodules with cystic, papillary, or cribriform architectural patterns. The neoplastic cells are small to intermediate polygonal to round cells. Small amounts of intracellular or extracellular mucin are present. In some cases, this carcinoma is a precursor of mucinous carcinoma.


Refractory Non-Cutaneous Melanoma

description: Non-cutaneous melanoma that is resistant to treatment.


benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone

description: A rare, benign neoplasm usually arising from the non-metaphyseal regions of long bones or pelvis. It is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic spindle cells arranged in a whorled storiform pattern, osteoclast-like giant cells, foam cells, inflammatory cells, hemosiderin deposition and stromal hemorrhage.


name: Musculoskeletal Chest Pain due to Intercostal Myofascial Injury

description: A condition in which there is musculoskeletal chest pain secondary to trauma to the connective tissues between the ribs. (ACC/AHA)


Female sexual arousal disorder

description: A disorder characterized by a recurrent or persistent inability to attain or maintain until completion of sexual activity an adequate physical response of sexual excitement, consisting of vasocongestion in the pelvis, vaginal lubrication and expansion, and swelling of the external genitalia.


Solid Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.  It is characterized by the presence of a solid growth pattern and the absence of fibrovascular stroma.


Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IVB includes: Any T, Any N, M1. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


Spinal Cord Infarct During Birth

description: Ischemic necrosis of the spinal cord due to spinal artery occlusion during the birthing process.


Metastatic Meningioma

description: A meningioma that has spread from its original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Residual schizophrenia

description: A subtype of schizophrenia in which the individual has suffered an episode of schizophrenia but there are no longer any delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior. Residual symptoms are seen in the form of negative symptoms (such as flat affect or avolition) or attenuated positive symptoms (such as odd beliefs).


name: Stage III Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T4, Any N, M0. T4: Tumor invades peripancreatic soft tissues or other adjacent organs or structures other than the pancreas.  M0: No distant metastasis. (from AJCC 7th Ed.)


HIV Encephalopathy

description: Encephalopathy that is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.


Chemical conjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of the conjunctiva in a newborn due to chemical irritation which was acquired postnatally from iatrogenic causes.


Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor G3

description: A well differentiated, high grade neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. The Ki-67 index is higher than 20%.


Polygenic Obesity

description: Obesity associated with variations in multiple genes.


Port Site Infection

description: An infection at an anatomic location used for vascular access.


name: Stage III Appendix Neuroendocrine Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0). T4: Tumor directly invades other adjacent organs or structures, e.g., abdominal wall and skeletal muscle.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-2

description: A chronic myelomonocytic leukemia characterized by the presence of 10-19 percent blasts in the bone marrow and 5-19 percent blasts in the peripheral blood or by the presence of Auer rods regardless of the blasts count.


Birth Complication

description: The development of a problematic medical situation that occurs concurrently with the birth of a neonate.


Presyncope Related to COVID-19

description: Presyncope in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Ann Arbor Stage II AIDS-Related Lymphoma

description: Ann Arbor Classification: Stage II: Involvement of two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (II); or localized involvement of a single extralymphatic organ or site in association with regional lymph node involvement with or without involvement of other lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm (IIE).


Unresectable Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Dissociative Hysteria

description: A disorder characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home or place of work accompanied by an inability to recall one's past; the individual is confused about his or her personal identity and may assume a new identity.


Stage IIA Bone Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIA includes: T1, N0, M0, G2 or G3. T1: Tumor measuring 8 cm or less in greatest dimension. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. G2: Moderately differentiated, high grade. G3: Poorly differentiated, high grade. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

description: A gastric adenocarcinoma that arises from the proximal part of the stomach.


Aplastic anemia due to drugs

description: A state of bone marrow suppression and failure that is caused by a cytotoxic or adverse immunologic response to a drug treatment, leading to a failure of production of red blood cells, white cells and platelets.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube carcinoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Aorticopulmonary Septal Defect

description: A congenital heart malformation characterised by incomplete separation of the truncus arteriosus and the aorticopulmonary trunk, resulting in communication between the aorta and pulmonary trunk.


name: High Grade Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia

description: A gastric intraepithelial lesion characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells that are cuboidal with a high nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, significant architectural changes, and increased number of mitotic figures.


Acral Edema

description: Accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues of the hands and feet.


Early Inflammatory Arthritis

description: Early stages of inflammatory arthritis, when the underlying diagnosis is uncertain, usually little or no joint damage has occurred. Treatment may alter the disease course (e.g., potentially avert progression to full RA or other diagnosis).


name: FIGO Grade 3 Endometrial Mucinous Adenocarcinoma

description: A primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that contains more than 50% non-squamous solid areas.


Acute on chronic systolic heart failure

description: Acute decompensation of chronic systolic congestive heart failure.


Diffuse Meningeal Melanocytic Neoplasm

description: A diffuse proliferation of melanocytes that affects the leptomeninges. This category includes melanocytosis and melanomatosis.


name: Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Minimal Differentiation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation occurring in adults.


Bladder granuloma

description: A granuloma that develops in the urinary bladder.


name: Non-Neoplastic Respiratory System Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the respiratory system.  Representative examples include pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary failure, tracheitis, and tracheal agenesis.


name: Metastatic Childhood Malignant Kidney Neoplasm Excluding Renal Cell Carcinoma by Toronto Guidelines v2, International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Protocol

description: Distant metastases present at diagnosis. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


name: Prostate Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Cribriform Pattern

description: A prostate ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic large back-to-back glands with slit-like lumens.


Adult Pineocytoma

description: A pineocytoma occurring in adults.


name: Recurrent Neoplastic Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: The reemergence of neoplastic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma

description: Fallopian tube high-grade serous adenocarcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


description: An epithelioid hemangioendothelioma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Fallopian Tube Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of fallopian tube cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition.


name: Adenocarcinoma with spindle cell metaplasia

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by focal or extensive transformation of the malignant glandular cells to spindle-shaped cells.


Unresectable Cervical Carcinoma

description: Cervical carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Squamous cell carcinoma in situ with questionable stromal invasion

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm involving all the layers of the squamous epithelium, but it is not certain if it is confined to the squamous epithelium or it has invaded the basement membrane and the underlying stroma.


Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Uterine corpus carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with tumor invading the stromal connective tissue of the cervix but not extending beyond the uterus. Does not include endocervical glandular involvement. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th Ed.)


Cancer-related Cognitive Dysfunction

description: The effects of cancer and its treatments on cognitive processes.


Prostate cancer stage D

description: Metastatic disease.


Polyp of esophagus

description: A benign intraluminal polypoid neoplasm of the esophagus.  It includes the squamous papilloma and the giant fibrovascular polyp.


thiosulfate

An ester of thiosulfuric acid.


organic thiosulfate

The organic ester of thiosulfuric acid.


2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate

The 5-O-phosphono derivative of 2-deoxy-D-ribose.


2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate

The furanose form of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate.


A chlorophenylmethane that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by p-chlorophenyl groups.


chlorophenylmethane

A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position.


An alpha-oxyketone that consists of propiophenone bearing an alpha-hydroxy substituent.


angelic acid

The (Z)-isomer of 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid. It is found in plant species of the family Apiaceae.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 24-methylcholest-6-en-3beta-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 and a methylene group between positions 22 and 23. An antineoplastic agent isolated from  Sinularia sp.


captafol

A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.


A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.


N-methyl-N-pentylnitrosamine

A nitrosamine that has methyl and pentyl substituents. It is a potent oesophageal carcinogen.


caprolactams

A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a seven-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.


A PYR-41 that has (E)-configuration.


A PYR-41 that has (Z)-configuration.


acene

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.


PESCAPREIN XXI

A  resin glycoside that is  the pentasaccharide derivative of  jalapinolic acid. Isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae, it has been found to exhibit potential inhibitory effect against multidrug resistance in the human breast cancer cell line


alpha-C-GalCer

A neoglycosphingolipid that is a synthesized C-glycosyl analogue of myelin-derived galactosylceramide (Mye-GalCer).


An N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl glycopeptide consisting of an N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetylmuramoyl moiety attached to the amino terminus of the dipeptide L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine.


A secondary alcohol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.


A 4-hydroxy-D-proline in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has R-configuration.


hydroxyproline

A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.


The D-stereoisomer of 4-hydroxyproline.


monohydroxyproline

A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is proline. A "closed" class.


pyroglutamic acid

An oxoproline having the oxo group placed at the 5-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the glutathione cycle.


oxoproline

A pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent.


The L-stereoisomer of 4-hydroxyproline.


L-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration).


(R)-clenbuterol hydrochloride

The monohydrochoride salt of (R)-clenbuterol.


name: cis-5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester


selenium-77 atom

A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 76.919915, 7.60 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2.


selenium-82 atom

A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 81.91670, 8.82 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0.


(+)-dihydroisorhamnetin

A dihydroisorhamnetin that has 2R,3R-configuration.


A sialodiosylceramide consisting of the tetrasaccharide alpha-N-glycoloylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base.


lactose 6'-phosphate

A lactose phosphate in which a single monophosphate substituent is placed at position 6 on the galactose ring of lactose.


colistin B sulfate

The sulfuric acid salt of colistin B.


colistin A sulfate

The sulfuric acid salt of colistin A.


A  fluorobenzoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-fluorobenzoic acid.


The (25R)-diastereomer of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al.


An acyl-CoA thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid..


(R)-colchicine

A colchicine that has (R)-configuration.


A glucosylceramide consisting of a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached to the primary hydroxyl group of N-acyl-(4E,6E)-hexadecasphingadienine.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between N-butyl-3,3-dimethoxyalaninamide and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetic acid.


tensyuic acid F

A tensyuic acid that is itaconic acid which has been substituted at position 3 by a 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl group. The (-)-isomer, isolated from Aspergillus niger FKI-2342.


haloindole

A compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more halogen atoms


fluoroindole

An organofluorine compound that is a compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more fluorine atoms.


bromoindole

An organobromine compound that is a compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more bromine atoms.


A 7-chlorotryptophan in which the chiral centre has D- (R-) configuration.


brivanib

A secondary alcohol resulting from the hydrolysis of the carboxylic ester group of brivanib alaninate. It is a dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor whose alanine prodrug, brivanib alaninate is currently under development as an oral agent for the treatment of cancer.


An L-tryptophan derivative having a chloro substituent at the 7-position.


dichlorochromopyrrolic acid

A pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid having 7-chloroindol-3-yl groups at the 3- and 4-positions.


A tryptophan derivative having a chloro substituent at the 7-position of the indole ring.


indolauxipyr

A fluoroindole that is indole substituted by a 4-amino-6-carboxy-5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl group at position 6 and by a fluoro group at position 7. It is a herbicide developed by Corteva Agriscience and sold as the corresponding ester, indolauxipyr-cyanomethyl.


5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl octanoate

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic (caprylic) acid with the hydroxy group of 5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl.


chloroindole

A compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more chlorine atoms


5-bromo-3-indolyl decanoate

An decanoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of decanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 5-bromoindoxyl.


indolauxipyr-cyanomethyl

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of indolauxipyr with hydroxyacetonitrile. It is a herbicide developed by Corteva Agriscience.


A derivative of vindoline lacking the 11-O-methyl and 17-O-acetyl substituents.


A very long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is  heptacosan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 26.


ISOXAZOLE

A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of  isoxazoles.


A 3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid that is the (R)-enantiomer of KI16425.


acivicin

An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which the methyl group is replaced by a (5S)-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl group. A glutamine analogue antimetabolite, it interferes with glutamate metabolism and  several glutamate-dependent synthetic enzymes. It is obtained as a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus bacteria.


TOPRAMEZONE

An aromatic ketone that is phenyl 1H-pyrazol-4-yl ketone in which the pyrazolyl group is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively, and in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by methyl, 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. A potent inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) that is rapily metabolised by corn to non-active substances, it is used as a herbicide for the treatment of broadleaf weeds.


An isoxazole compound having a methyl substituent at the 3-position and a 5-[2-chloro-4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pentyl substituent at the 5-position.


A member of the class of isoxazoles that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl hydrogen carbonate with the amino group of 3-({[4-(4-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]methyl}sulfanyl)propanoic acid.


ISOXAFLUTOLE

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazole substituted by a 2-(methanesulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group and a cyclopropyl group at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor which is used as a herbicide for weed control in maize and sugarcane.


dafadine C

An N-acylpiperidine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-[(2,6-difluorophenoxy)methyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidine.


A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens has been substituted by a 5-tert-butyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group, while the other has been substituted by a 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl group, the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl ether. It is an FLT3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3)and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibitor.


dafadine B

An N-acylpiperidine obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-[(2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)methyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of 4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidine


A 3-[({4-[4-({[1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenyl}methyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid that is the (S)-enantiomer of KI16425.


lotilaner

A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole substituted by 4-methyl-5-({2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}carbamoyl)thiophen-2-yl, trifluoromethyl, and 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5, respectively (the 5S-stereoisomer). It is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel inhibitor selective for mites, approved for the treatment of Demodex blepharitis.


methyl propenyl ketone

An enone that is pent-2-ene in which the two methylene hydrogens have been replaced by an oxo group.


A methyl propenyl ketone in which the double bond has (E)-configuration. It is a key odorant responsible for the chestnut-like aroma in green tea.


magnesium dichloride monohydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of magnesium dichloride.


magnesium dichloride dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of magnesium dichloride.


UDP-beta-L-rhamnose

A UDP-L-rhamnose in which the rhamnose portion has beta-configuration at its anomeric centre


UDP-rhamnose

A UDP-sugar in which the sugar component is rhamnose.


UDP-L-rhamnose

A UDP-rhamnose in which the rhamnose component has L-configuration.


morpholine antifungal agent

A member of the class of morpholines that has significant antifungal properties.


(Z)-dimethomorph

An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of (2Z)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid with the amino group of morpholine. The agricultural fungicide dimethomorph is a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.


morpholine antifungal drug

Any morpholine antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


nutrient

A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.


N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid

N-Acetylneuraminic acid with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.


thiomarinol B

A sulfone produced by a marine bacterium Alteromonas rava and has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.


glucosyl-(heptosyl)2-(KDO)2-lipid A

A lipid A derivative having an alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-L-alpha-D-Hep-(1->3)-L-alpha-D-Hep-(1->5)-[alpha-Kdo-(2->4)]-alpha-Kdo moiety attached to the free primary hydroxy group of lipid A.


A galactoglycerolipid that consists of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol having (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl and linoleoyl as the acyl groups and a 6-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue attached at position 3. It has been found in Daphnia pulex and exhibits cytotoxic activity.


A secondary alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


A ceramide 1-phosphate that is the N-docosanoyl derivative of sphingosine.


hydrogentellurite

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of a proton from H2TeO3


CHLORPYRIFOS

An  organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.


The dihydrate of a tris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(2+) dichloride salt.


A CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose in which the anomeric centre of the sugar component has alpha-configuration.


A CDP-sugar in which the sugar component is 3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.


A ceramide that is the N-docosanoyl derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine.


(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol 3-hexanoate

A sterol ester that is the 3-hexanoyl derivative of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol.


hexanoate ester

Any fatty acid ester where the carboxylic acid component is hexanoic (also known as caproic) acid.


methyl hexanoate

A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).


A cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-beta-D-galactoside having hexanoyl as the 6-O-acyl group.


butyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with butan-1-ol. It is a volatile compound found in apples and peaches.


taiwanschirin D

An  organic heterotetracyclic compound isolated from the stems of Kadsura matsudai.


hydrocortisone caproate

The 21-O-hexanoyl derivative of hydrocortisone.


propyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with  propan-1-ol.


PESCAPREIN XXIX

A resin glycoside that is the pentasaccharide derivative of jalapinolic acid. Isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae, it has been found to exhibit potential inhibitory effect against multidrug resistance in the human breast cancer cell line.


isobutyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with isobutanol.


hexyl hexanoate

A hexanoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with hexan-1-ol. It is a constituent found in passion fruit, apples, strawberries and wine.


3-methylbutyl hexanoate

A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexanoic acid (caproic acid) with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 3-methylbutan-1-ol (isoamylol).


(14R)-14-hydroxypentadecanoic acid

An (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid that is pentadecanoic acid in which the 14-pro-R hydrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group.


3alpha,7alpha,24-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


A glycodiosylceramide consisting of a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl moiety attached to the primary hydroxyl group of N-acylated C20 sphingosine.


OXAZOLE

A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.


malaoxon

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malaoxon. It is the active insecticide of the proinsecticide malathion.


A methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA in which the unspecified acyl group carries a methyl substituent at position 2.


A (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2S)-2-methylpentadecanoic acid.


A (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2S)-2-methylbutanoic acid.


A (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2R)-2-methyltetradecanoic acid.


A (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2S)-2-methyltetradecanoic acid.


GUTHION

A member of the class of  benzotriazines that is  1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.


dihydroconiferyl alcohol

A member of class of phenols that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a 3-hydroxypropyl group at position 4.


A mimotope of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (PDC-E2) comprising a [(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-group linked to the lipoated PDC-E2 core dodecapeptide (DKATIGFEVQEE) at N-6 of lysine.


A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of (S)-2-methyl-1-(4-methylisoquinoline-5-sulfonyl)-1,4-diazepane with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride. An ATP-competitive inhibitor of Rho kinase (ROCK).


benzimidazole

A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is a heterocyclic organic compound comprising fused benzene and imidazole rings.


indole

Either of two isomeric forms comprising a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring.


purine

A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines.


BENZO[D]OXAZOLE

A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is  nonadecan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 18.


long-chain primary fatty alcohol

A long-chain fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is  henicosan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 20.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecan-1-ol substituted a methyl group at position 12.


ISOSTEARYL ALCOHOL

A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is heptadecan-1-ol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 16.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octadecan-1-ol (stearyl alcohol) substituted by a methyl group at position 16.


A long-chain fatty alcohol that is stearyl alcohol which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a cis double bond between positions 13 and 14.


A long chain fatty primary alcohol that is octadecanol containing three double bonds located at positions 9, 12 and 15.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is henicosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Siegesbeckia orientalis and from an Italian bread wheat variety, Pegaso, and its 11 near-isogenic lines.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is tridecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


A long-chain fatty alcohol that is dodecan-1-ol bearing a methyl substituent at position 11.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 14.


MYRISTYL ALCOHOL

A long-chain fatty alcohol that is tetradecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


A long-chain fatty alcohol that is hexadecan-1-ol bearing a methyl substituent at position 15.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is icosan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 18.


A long-chain fatty alcohol that is (13Z)-docosene in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a hydroxy group


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 20.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is nonadecane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is  pentadecan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 14.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraene in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


isopersin

A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is henicosan-1-ol which carries an acetoxy group at position 2, keto group at position 4, and two double bonds at positions 12 and 15.


OLEYL ALCOHOL

A long chain fatty alcohol that is octadecanol containing a double bond located at position 9 (the Z-geoisomer).


2-hydroxyethyl octadecanoate

An octadecanoate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of octadecanoic (stearic) acid and one of the hydroxy groups of ethylene glycol. It is an ingredient in many personal care products and cosmetics.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is icosane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.


A long chain fatty alcohol that is octadecanol containing two double bonds located at positions 9 and 12 (the 9Z,12Z-geoisomer).


A diol that is hexadecane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 16.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatriene in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a hydroxy group.


(R)-methcathinone

A 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one that has (R)-configuration.


A 3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid which has (2S,3R) configuration.


A tricarboxylic acid that is butan-2-ol in which a hydrogen from each of positions 2, 3, and 4 has been replaced by carboxy groups.


An  oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted  by hydroxy groups at positions 20 and 22 (the 20R,22R-stereoisomer).


ficusequilignan A

A guaiacyl lignin that is medioresinol in which one of the phenolic hydrogens is replaced by a guaiacylglycerol group. It is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


(R)-cyclopentolate

The (R)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


(S)-cyclopentolate

The (S)-enantiomer of cyclopentolate.


CDP-alpha-D-glucose

A CDP-D-glucose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.


A glycoheptaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycoheptaosyl component.


polysorbate 20

A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a dodecanoyl group.


edelfosine

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.


antimony-121 atom

The stable isotope of antimony with relative atomic mass 120.903818, 57.2 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


antimony-123 atom

The stable isotope of antimony with relative atomic mass 122.904216, 42.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2.


deoxyviolacein

A member of the class of oxindoles resulting from formal oxidative coupling between the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one and the 3-position of 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one, which is substituted at the 5 position by a 1H-indol-3-yl group, where the newly-formed double bond has E configuration.


A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by a fluoro group at position 3.


(-)-gynuraone

A   chromanone  that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 and a methyl group at position 2 (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). Isolated form the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia species, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


TERNSTROSIDE C

A beta-D-glucoside with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy residue at the anomeric position and a [(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]oxy residue at position 3. Isolated from Ternstroemia japonica, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


A chlorocatechol that is catechol in which the hydrogen adjacent to one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a chlorine.


C8 beta-D-glycosyl N-acylsphingosine

A glycosylceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group has eight carbons.


C8 beta-D-galactosyl N-acylsphingosine

A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the glycosidic bond has beta-configuration and the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


C8 beta-D-glucosyl N-acylsphingosine

A beta-D-glucosylceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


tetramine

Any polyamine that contains four amino groups.


2-heptenoic acid

A heptenoic acid with the double bond at position 2.


(2Z)-3-bromohept-2-enoic acid

A hept-2-enoic acid carrying a bromo- substituent at C-3.


(E)-hept-2-enoic acid

A 2-heptenoic acid having the trans configuration.


cis-2-heptenoic acid

A 2-heptenoic acid having the cis configuration.


A beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphinganine in which the acyl group specified is docosanoyl.


A neutral glycosphingolipid comprising a tetrasaccharide unit, alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Gal-(1->6)-alpha-D-GlcN-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcA, attached to a (13Z)-3-hydroxy-2-{[(2S)-2-hydroxytetradecanoyl]amino}icos-13-en-1-yl lipid group.


nucleobase analogue

A molecule that can substitute for a normal nucleobase in nucleic acids.


A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


QUINOXYFEN

A member of the class of quinolines carrying two chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 together with a 4-fluorophenoxy substituent at position 4. A fungicide used mainly to control powdery mildew in cereals.


An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 16 carbons and 2 double bonds.


(R)-methylmalonyl-CoA

The (R)-enantiomer of methylmalonyl-CoA.


A member of the class of pyrrolecarboxamides that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by [1-(3a,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]methyl, (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl, and naphthalen-1-yl groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase (IC50= 0.9nM against H-Ras and 2.4nM against K-Ras) with potential anticancer activity.


A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by (pyridin-3-yl)aminocarbonyl, amino, and 4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of GSK3alpha and GSK3beta (IC50 values of 0.9 and 4.9 nM, respectively) and increases bone mass (via Wnt activation) in rats.


A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. A CDKL2 inhibitor (Kd = 63nM).


An N-acylamino acid that consists of 6-aminohexanoic acid bearing an N-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetyl substituent.


A member of the class of furans that is furan substituted by propyl, carboxy and hydroxymethyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is an inducer of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces species.


alpha-L-fructofuranose

A L-fructofuranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-fructofuranose

The L-enantiomer of fructofuranose.


beta-L-fructopyranose

A L-fructopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


L-fructopyranose

The L-enantiomer of fructopyranose.


(S)-bambuterol hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of (S)-bambuterol.


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has trans- (E-) geometry.


An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a 1,2-dichlorovinyl group.


S-phospho-L-cysteine

A phosphoamino acid consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-phospho substituent.


A docosanoid that is (14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which a cysteinyl group is attached at position 13R via a sulfide linkage.


L-cysteine thioether

Any L-cysteine derivative obtained by conversion of the thiol group into a sulfide.


An L-cysteine thioether in which the thiol hydrogen is replaced by a (1R,2S)-2-hydroxy-1-phosphonopropyl group


A docosanoid that is (7R,17S)-dihydroxy-(4Z,9,11,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which a cysteinyl group is attached at position 8S via a sulfide linkage. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.


An optically active 9-(phosphonooxy)-10-hydroxy derivative of stearic acid with (9S,10S)-configuration.


2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-ribose 5-phosphate

A 2,3-dideoxyribose phosphate that is the 2,3-dideoxy analogue of beta-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate.


chondramide B

A chondramide that is chondramide A in which the hydrogen at position 2 of the indole moiety has been replaced by a chlorine. It is produced by strains of the myxobacterium, Chondromyces crocatus.


peroxyphosphate

A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from peroxyphosphoric acid.


TERNSTROSIDE A

A  beta-D-glucoside with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy residue at the anomeric position and a [(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]oxy residue at position 2. Isolated from Ternstroemia japonica, it exhibits antioxidant activity.


beflubutamid

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-beflubutamid. An inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis, it is used for the pre- and early post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds in a variety of cereal crops. The (-)-enantiomer has at least 1000 times higher herbicidal activity than the (+)-enantiomer.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid that consists of (5Z,7E,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9.


oxoicosatetraenoic acid

Any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds and at least one oxo group.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 5-oxo group; and (6E)-, (8Z), (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having a 12-oxo group; and (5Z)-, (8Z), (10E)- and (14Z)-double bonds.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid in which the oxo group is located at position 8 and the four double bonds at position 5, 9, 11 and 14 (the 5Z,9E,11Z,14Z-geoisomer).


CHAETOMUGILIN A

An azaphilone isolated from Chaetomium globosum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and Mucor miehei.


(S)-orciprenaline sulfate

An alkylammonium sulfate obtained by combining (S)-orciprenaline and sulfuric acid in a 2:1 ratio.


(R)-orciprenaline sulfate

An alkylammonium sulfate obtained by combining (R)-orciprenaline and sulfuric acid in a 2:1 ratio.


A member of the class of  pyrroles that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole substituted by a 9-methyl-8,10-dioxodec-2-en-10-yl group at the nitrogen atom. Isolated from Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium brevicompactum, it exhibits antifungal activity.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a trisaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucuronosyl, beta-D-glucosyl and beta-D-glucuronosyl residues linked sequentially (1->4) and (1->3).


An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group has 22 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated.


zinc cation

Any zinc ion that is positively charged.


An organochlorine compound that is pyridine substituted at position 2 by a chloromethyl group.


A 9-HOTrE consisting of (10E,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in which the 9-hydroxy group has S-configuration.


A hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid that consists of 10E,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid bearing an additional 9-hydroxy substituent.


A beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group specified is (17Z)-hexacosenoyl.


thiencarbazone-methyl

An N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-methylthiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a herbicide used for the selective control of grasses and broadleaf weeds primarily in corn.


alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate

A D-galactosamine 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha configuration.


virensol A

An aromatic primary alcohol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3 and 4 are replaced by hydroxymethyl, (1E,3E,5E)-undeca-1,3,5-trien-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.


A disaccharide that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-L-fucopyranoside.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-D-xylopyranose and D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-D-xylofuranose and beta-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->6)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


nigerose

A glycosylglucose consisting of D-glucose with undefined anomeric stereochemistry and an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->6)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


A glucosylglucose consisting of beta-L-fucopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of an alpha-L-arabinopyranose residue and a beta-D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


beta-allolactose

The beta-stereoisomer of allolactose.


gentiobiose

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by a beta-(1->6)-linkage.


A glycosylglucose that is alpha-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has been glycosylated by an alpha-L-fucopyranosyl group.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


CELLOBIOSE

A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.


alpha-allolactose

The alpha-stereoisomer of allolactose.


A disaccharide that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-L-arabinopyranoside.


A disaccharide that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been glycosylated by an alpha-D-xylopyranosyl group.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose in which the glycosyl moiety is L-rhamnose linked alpha to C-6 of D-glucose.


A glycosylglucose consisting of an alpha-D-xylopyranose residue and a F-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of a beta-D-xylopyranose residue and an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-L-fucopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


A beta-D-Xylp-(1->6)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


A glycosylglucose consisting of a beta-L-fucosyl residue and an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


maltose

A maltose that has beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


A disaccharide that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-xylopyranoside.


A beta-D-Xylp-(1->4)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


lactose

The alpha-anomer of lactose.


beta-lactose

The beta-anomer of lactose.


A glycosylglucose where the glycosyl component is D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose attached via an alpha-(1->6)-linkage; the epitope of the lipooligosaccharide isolated from Haemophilus ducreyi strain ITM 2665.


A beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hyoxy group has alpha configuration.


A glycosylglucose consisting of a beta-D-galactopyranose residue and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-D-xylopyranose and D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


beta-gentiobiose

A glycosylglucose in which two beta-D-glucose residues are linked (1->6).


allolactose

A glycosylglucose consisting of galactose and glucose units linked through a 1-6 glycosidic linkage.


A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-L-fucopyranose and D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


A disaccharide consisting of beta-D-xylopyranose and D-glucopyranose joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose in which an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue is linked to a D-glucopyranose residue by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose in which the glycosyl moiety is L-rhamnose linked alpha to C-3 of beta-D-glucose.


beta-melibiose

A melibiose that has beta-configuration at the anomeric hydroxy group.


alpha-maltose

A maltose that has alpha-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


A glycosylglucose consisting of a beta-D-xylopyranose residue and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of beta-L-fucopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A beta-D-Xylp-(1->3)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


A glycosylglucose consisting of an beta-L-fucopyranose residue and a beta-D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


melibiose

A glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose.


isomaltose

A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage.


A disaccharide compound comprising a D-apiofuranosyl residue joined to D-glucopyranose via a beta-1,6-linkage.


rutinose

A glycosylglucose in which the glycosyl moiety is L-rhamnose linked alpha to C-6 of D-glucose.


A alpha-D-Glcp-(1->2)-D-Glcpglycosylglucose in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


sophorose

A glycosylglucose that is D-glucopyranose attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 2 via a glycosidic linkage.


A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-L-arabinopyranose and beta-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylglucose comprising beta-D-glucose having a D-galactosyl residue at the 4-position.


An alpha-D-Xylp-(1->6)-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration. The disaccharide unit of xyloglucan in plant cell-walls.


A disaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose linked via a 1->2 glycosidic bond.


beta-L-glucose

A L-glucopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


A D-glucose that is alpha-D-glucose-in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 2 have been replaced by the (13)C isotope.


beta-L-glucofuranose

An L-glucofuranose which has beta- configuration at the anomeric centre.


D-glucofuranose

The furanose form of D-glucose.


LEVOGLUCOSE

The L-enantiomer of glucopyranose.


alpha-L-glucofuranose

An L-glucofuranose that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


D-glucose

A glucose with D-configuration.


A D-glucose in which the six carbon atoms have been replaced by the (13)C isotope.


alpha-D-glucofuranose

A D-glucofuranose that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


L-glucofuranose

The furanose form of L-glucose.


agrocinopine D

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of two D-glucose units joined via a (2<->2)-phosphodiester linkage.


2,3-saturated fatty aldehyde

Any fatty aldehyde that is saturated at positions 2 and 3.


DODECANAL

A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is dodecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group.


pentadecanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is pentadecane carrying an oxo substituent at position 1. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Solanum erianthum and Cassia siamea.


dotriacontanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of the hydroxy group of dotriacontan-1-ol.


octacosanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of the hydroxy group of octacosan-1-ol.


heptadecanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is heptadecane carrying an oxo substituent at position 1. It is found in citrus.


TETRADECANAL

A long-chain fatty aldehyde that is tetradecane in which two hydrogens attached to a terminal carbon are replaced by an oxo group. It is found in coriander.


triacontanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of the hydroxy group of triacontan-1-ol.


hexacosanal

A long-chain fatty aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of the hydroxy group of hexacosan-1-ol. It is a minor component of barley leaf wax.


GLOBOSUMONE C

A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of o-orsellinic acid with (3S,4S)-1,3,4-trihydroxypentan-2-one. It has been isolated from Chaetomium globosum.


D-erythrulose 1-phosphate

The D-enantiomer of 2-dehydroerythrose 1-phosphate.


L-erythrulose 1-phosphate

The L-enantiomer of erythrulose 1-phosphate.


2-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine sulfate

An arylammonium sulfate salt obtained by combining 2-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine with one molar equivalent of sulfuric acid.


A disaccharide derivative consisting of D-ribitol-5-phosphate having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 4-position.


imazaquin-ammonium

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-imazaquin-ammonium. It is a imidazolinone herbicide developed by American Cyanamid Company and is effective against perennial and annual weeds. It was registered for soybean use in 1986, and for turf use in 1987 by the trade names of 'Scepter' and 'Image' respectively.


A member of the class of furans that is 2-furfural substituted at position 4 by a phosphooxymethyl group.


terpendole K

An organic heteroheptacyclic compound isolated from Albophoma yamanashiensis and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase.


A sulfonamide that is benzene substituted by (methylsulfonyl)amino, (1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl and fluoro groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a selective agonist of alpha1A adrenoreceptor.


erucoyl-CoA

An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of erucic acid.


The alpha-anomer of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate.


An oligopeptide that is N-[(1E,3S)-6-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)-6-oxohex-1-en-3-yl]-N(2)-carboxy-L-leucinamide in which the carboxy group is protected by a Cbz group. It is a SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 main protease inhibitor that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication.


A dTDP-sugar having 4-dehydro-6-deoxy-beta-D-gulose as the sugar component.


alpha-ketoester

A ketoester where the ketone and ester functionalities are on adjacent atoms.


pyruvate ester

Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyruvic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.


2'-O-methyluridine 5'-monophosphate

A uridine 5'-phosphate that is the 2'-O-methyl derivative of uridine 5'-monophosphate.


20-HETE methyl ester

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid (20-HETE) with methanol.


A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by pentan-2-ylamino and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl groups, respectively.


decarboxytiaprofenic acid

A thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by an ethyl group.


L-methionine sulfone

An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.


2-coumaric acid

A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.


A cholestanoid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


An anthocyanin cation that is delphinidin substituted at position 3 by a 6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucosyl residue.


vanadyl sulfate pentahydrate

A vanadyl sulfate hydrate containing five water molecules.


vanadyl sulfate hydrate

A hydrate derived from vanadyl sulfate (number of water molecules is not specified).


vanadyl sulfate dihydrate

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of vanadyl sulfate.


vanadyl sulfate hexahydrate

A vanadyl sulfate hydrate containing six water molecules.


vanadyl sulfate trihydrate

A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of vanadyl sulfate.


12-hydroxymyristic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is myristic acid carrying a single hydroxy substituent at position 12.


D-mannose

D-Mannose in its six-membered ring form.


2-aminoethyl beta-D-glucoside

A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of the monosaccharide beta-D-glucopyranose.


A glycosylfucose consisting of an alpha-D-galactopyranose residue and an alpha-L-fucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


glycosylfucose

A disaccharide having fucose at the reducing end with a glycosyl residue attached at an unspecified position via a glycosidic bond.


A glycosylfucose consisting of beta-D-glucopyranose and alpha-L-fucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylfucose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue and an alpha-L-fucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylfucose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue and an L-fucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylfucose consisting of a beta-D-glucopyranose residue and a beta-L-fucopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.


A glycosylfucose that is alpha-L-fucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivative.


A glycosylfucose consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and alpha-L-fucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->4) glycosidic bond.


DAPH

Phthalimide substituted at the 4- and 5-positions by anilino groups.


METCONAZOLE

A member of the class of cyclopentanols carrying 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl and 4-chlorobenzyl and geminal dimethyl substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5 respectively. Used to control a range of fungal infections including alternaria, rusts, fusarium and septoria diseases.


warfarin potassium

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin potassium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.


leuvalin

A member of the class of pyrazinones that is pyrazin-2(1H)-one substituted by isopropyl and isobutyl groups at positions 3 and 6, respectively. It is a natural product found in Staphylococcus aureus.


A desulfoglucosinolic acid resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of (3S)-N,3-dihydroxypent-4-enethioamide with beta-D-glucopyranose.


A 3beta-sterol that is 5alpha-ergosta-7,24(28)-diene which is substituted at the  3beta and 4alpha positions by hydroxy and formyl groups, respectively.


pyranonigrin A

A member of the class of pyranopyrroles that is 2-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-6,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-4,5-dione carrying two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 7. Originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.


pyranonigrin H

A member of the class of pyranopyrroles with formula C18H23NO5, originally isolated from Aspergillus niger.


14-hydroxyplatensic acid methyl ester

A polycyclic cage that is the methyl ester derivative of 14-hydroxyplatensic acid. It is isolated from Streptomyces platensis.


An androstanoid that is androstane substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17.


episteryl palmitoleate

An episterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of  palmitoleic acid with the hydroxy group of episterol.


A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 7 via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.


cadaverine dihydrochloride

A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of cadaverine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.


phosphorus-33 atom

The radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 32.971725, half-life of 25.34 days and nuclear spin (1)/2.


SWERTIANOLIN

A xanthone that is bellidifolin in which a beta-Dglucopyranosyl residue is attached at position O-8 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica.


vibrioferrin

A tricarboxylic acid that is citric acid in which the pro-R carboxy group has been esterified with the primary hydroxy group of 2-hydroxy-1-{(2S)-1-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-5-oxoproline. It is a siderophore isolated from bacteria closely associated or symbiotic with toxic, bloom-forming dinoflagellates.


A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the indole ring has been replaced by a chlorine.


inositol phosphosphingolipid

An inositol phosphoceramide having N-acylated sphing-4-enine as the ceramide component.


An HPODE (hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 10 and 12 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 9 (R configuration).


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 7-fluoro-3-[(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (2S)-1-(aminooxy)propan-2-ol.


The stable isotope of cadmium with relative atomic mass 110.904182, 12.8 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2.


saturated fatty aldehyde

A fatty aldehyde in which there is no carbon-carbon unsaturation.


bromo fatty acid

Any halo fatty acid containing at least one bromo substituent.


2-oxododecanoic acid

An oxo fatty acid that is dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) which is substituted at position 2 by an oxo group.


A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', 2-hydroxy benzyl group at position 3' and methoxy group at position 6'. It is isolated from the aerial parts of   Ellipeiopsis cherrevensis  and exhibits antibacterial, antimalarial and antineoplastic activity.


A sialopentaosylceramide consisting of a alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glucosyl unit attached to a Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).


A glycotriaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucose as the glycotriaosyl component.


A member of the class of indenes that is 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 4, 4 and 7a and by a hydroxy group at position 2.


A member of the class of indenes that is 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-indene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 4, 4 and 7a and by an oxo group at position 2.


An oxo monocarboxylic acid in which pentanoic acid is substituted at C-5 with an oxo group and a 3-azidopropylamino group.


quinone

Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).


menaquinone

Any member of the class of menaquinones that is 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with an unsaturated isoprenoid chain at the 3-position.


An o-quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of the dihydroxyphenyl moiety of 2-hydroxyestrone.


epierythrostominol

A natural pigment produced by fungi, major tautomer defined by heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC).


benzoisochromanequinone

A class of Streptomyces aromatic polyketide antibiotics.


A member of the class of tetracenomycins that is 8-demethyltetracenomycin C in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue.


A member of the class of prenylnapthoquinones that carries a methyl group at position 5.


A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.


Any 1,4-benzoquinone carrying a single hydroxy substituent.


aklaviketone

A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (1R,2R)-2-ethyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-4,6,11-trioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene-1-carboxylic acid.


monohydroxyanthraquinone

An anthraquinone in which the anthraquinone moiety is substituted by a single hydroxy group.


nogalaviketone

A methyl ester derived from (1R,2S)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-2-methyl-4,6,11-trioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene-1-carboxylic acid.


A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.


hydroxyanthraquinones

An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.