A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a tetrasaccharide, a synthetic dimer of cellobiuronic acid in which the two beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl disaccharide units are linked (1->3)


A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and an isoflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position.


A glycolipid that consists of an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3 of a 2-monoacyl-sn-glycerol moiety in which the acyl group has a chain length of C12 or greater.


A D-glucoside compound with the 2-hydroxy substituent either absent or replaced by a different functional group.


A 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside having an inosityl group attached at the 1-position.


A beta-D-galactoside that is the 4-[2-(4-sulfanylbutanamido)ethyl]phenyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of a 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronic acid residue linked (1->3) to beta-D-galactose.


anthocyanidin glycoside

Any anthocyanidin cation having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


A beta-D-glucoside in which the sphingolipid component is specified as L-erythro-N-acylsphingosine.


tagatose

A ketohexose used as a functional sweetener.


aldaric acid derivative

A carbohydrate acid derivative that is formally obtained from an aldaric acid.


acetophenone-mycothiol conjugate

The S-conjugate of mycothiol and acetophenone.


A synthetic beta-D-glucoside that is a branched pentasaccharide derivative consisting of two glucose residues, two rhamnose residues (out of which one is acetylated at the 2nd position) and one N-acetylglucosamine residue with at the reducing end an aminoethyl linker allowing for efficient conjugation to a carrier protein. The basic structure (i.e. without the linker) is the pentasaccharide repeat unit of the O25B major serotype within the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) group which expresses a unique O-antigen.


anhydro sugar

Intramolecular ethers formally arising by elimination of water from two hydroxy groups of a single molecule of a monosaccharide (aldose or ketose) or monosaccharide derivative.


psicose

A ketohexose that is the C-3 epimer of fructose.


A synthetic beta-D-glucoside that is a branched decasaccharide derivative consisting of two beta-D-Glc-(1->6)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->3)]-alpha-D-Glc-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rha2Ac-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc pentasaccharide units linked (1->4) between the GlcNac residue at the reducing end of one unit and the OH at position 4 of the alpha-D-glucose residue of the other unit. An aminoethyl linker from the reducing-end GlcNAc residue allows for efficient conjugation to a carrier protein.


A linear tetrasaccharide comprising three L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose residues and a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (2-keto-3-deoxy-alpha-D-mannooctanoic acid, alpha-Kdo) residue in a (1->7), (1->3), (1->5) sequence.


S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol

A 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside, being mycothiol substituted on sulfur by a hydroxymethyl group.


Major species at pH 7.3


carbohydrate acid derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid.


aureolic acid

Glycoside compounds that have a 1-keto-8,9-dihydroxyanthracene skeleton, a functionalized alkyl chain at the 3- position, and two oligosaccharide chains of variable lengths.


A 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both lauroyl. A synthetic acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


A 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both myristoyl. A synthetic acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


A synthetic alpha-L-rhamnoside consisting of a linear trisaccharide of beta-D-glucosyl, beta-D-glucosyl and 2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnosyl residues linked sequentially (1->6) and (1->3), to the beta-D-glucosyl residue are also linked alpha-L-rhamnosyl and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues via (1->3) and (1->6) linkages respectively. An aminoethyl linker from the reducing-end RhaNAc residue allows for efficient conjugation to a carrier protein.


D-aldohexose

Any D-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


Any beta-D-galactoside derived from alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactose.


oligosaccharide

A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.


L-FUCOSE

The pyranose form of L-fucose.


beta-L-galactofuranose

An L-galactofuranose in which the anomeric centre has beta configuration.


D-xylose

Any xylose with D-configuration.


alpha-D-fucose

A D-fucopyranose having alpha-configuration at its anomeric centre.


A glycolipid that consists of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol having dodecanoyl as the acyl groups and an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3.


alpha-D-xylose

A D-xylopyranose in with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


carbohydrate

Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


scilliroside

A beta-D-glucoside that is scillirosidin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranoside group. It is a rodenticide extracted from the bulb of the Mediterranean squill plant and was used for the control of Norway rats, black rats, house mice, long-tailed field mice, and field voles.


mycothiol S-conjugate

Any S-conjugate of mycothiol.


tetronic acid derivative

An aldonic acid derivative that is formally obtained from a tetronic acid.


A 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside having an L-cysteinylamino group at the 2-position and an inosityl group attached at the 1-position.


alpha-L-galactofuranose

An L-galactofuranose that has alpha- configuration at the anomeric centre.


A disaccharide that is D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.


neoglycolipid

Any synthetically-produced glycolipid.


glycosyl compound

A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.


L-fucose

Any form of fucose having L configuration.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hexacosanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(4-pentylphenyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


A beta-D-glucoside resulting from the formal condensation of the omega-hydroxy group of 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (16-hydroxypalmitic acid) with beta-D-glucose.


galloyl beta-D-glucose

A class of beta-D-glucose compounds having an unspecified number of O-galloyl groups in undeined positions.


A glycolipid that consists of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3.


alpha-D-xylofuranose

A D-xylofuranose that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1


trisaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a trisaccharide.


An alpha-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of a beta- and an alpha-D-glucosyl residue linked (1->4).


D-mannose

A mannose with D-configuration.


D-fructose

Fructose is a levorotatory monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose.  Although fructose is a hexose (6 carbon sugar), it generally exists as a 5-member hemiketal ring (a furanose).


A glycoglycerolipid that consists of 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol in which the glycerol portion is acylated at position 2 by an octanoyl group.


N-acetylmannosamine

Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent


pentose

A five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose).


aldohexose

A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


deoxyhexose derivative

A deoxy sugar derivative that is formally obtained from a deoxyhexose.


delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside

An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.


flavone C-glycoside

Any C-glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a flavone skeleton, thus creating a C-C bond.


aldose

Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.


CYANIN

An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin(1+) carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.


disaccharide derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.


N-ethylsuccinimide-mycothiol conjugate

A mycothiol conjugate arising from formal addition of the side-chain sulfur atom of the cysteine residue of mycothiol across the C=C double bond of N-ethylmaleimide.


A alpha-L-rhamnoside consisting of D-ribitol having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


A beta-D-galactoside that is the methyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of a 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronic acid residue linked (1->3) to beta-D-galactose.


L-xylose

A xylose of ring-opened form having L-configuration.


A 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both stearoyl. A synthetic acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


ketotriose

Any ketone-containing triose.


ketohexose

Any hexose containing a single ketone group.


saponin

A glycoside that is a compound containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenoid or steroid derivative. Found in particular abundance in plant species.


tetraric acid derivative

An aldaric acid derivative that is formally obtained from a tetraric acid.


petunidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside

An anthocyanin cation that is petunidin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue


monoacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which one of the hydroxy groups is acylated.


5-hydroxyanthocyanin O-beta-D-glucoside

An anthocyanin cation that is any 5-hydroxyanthocyanidin in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


D-fructose

The open-chain form of D-fructose.


genistin 4',6''-disulfate

A bisulfonated derivative of genistin.


D-glucosamine

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose that is D-glucosamine having a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside

Any anthocyanidin glycoside in which the glycosyl residue is beta-D-sophorosyl attached at position 3 (R groups may be H).


tetrasaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a tetrasaccharide.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylbutyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


beta-D-xylose

D-Xylopyranose in which the anomeric configuration is beta.


A beta-D-glucoside compound having 3-acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin as the anomeric substituent.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a trisaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucosyl, beta-D-glucuronosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->3) and (1->4).


An alpha-L-rhamnoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(icosanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


A glycosyloxyflavone that is myricetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside. Identified in PMID 29667287 Fig. S17, peak 8.


alpha-D-fucofuranose

A D-fucofuranose that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


bracteatin 6-O-beta-glucoside

A beta-D-glucoside in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position 6 of bracteatin via a glycosidic linkage.


2-naphthyl beta-D-galactoside

A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-naphthyl substituent at the anomeric position.


aldonic acid derivative

A carbohydrate acid derivative that is formally obtained from an aldonic acid.


L-rhamnose

Any rhamnose having L-configuration. L-rhamnose occurs naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.


A trisaccharide that is alpha-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 have been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucuronosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked (1->4).


A glycosylglycerol derivative in which the glycosyl moiety is beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl attached at O-3, with O-1 and O-2 both acylated.


tetrasaccharide

An oligosaccharide comprising four monomeric monosaccharide units.


A glycolipid that consists of an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3 of a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol moiety in which both acyl groups have a chain length of C12 or greater.


An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin with beta-D-glucosyl groups at the 3- and 3'-positions.


malvin

An anthocyanin cation that is malvidin carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5.


L-galactopyranose

The L-enantiomer of galactopyranose.


A deuterated compound that is 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both palmitoyl-16,16,16-d3 ([16,16,16-(2)H3]palmitoyl). A synthetic isotopically labelled acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


L-xylose

Any xylose with L-configuration.


deoxyhexose

Any C6 deoxy sugar having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.


beta-D-galactofuranose

A D-galactofuranose that has beta- configuration at the anomeric centre.


An anthocyanin cation that is peonidin substituted at position 3 by a 6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucosyl residue.


An amino trisaccharide consisting of alpha-L-fucose, beta-D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues joined by sequential (1->2)- and (1->3)-linkages.


aldopentose

A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.


Any glycosyloxyflavone that consists of a flavonol attached to a beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


carbohydrate-containing antibiotic

Any carbohydrate derivative that exhibits antibiotic activity.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(4-pentylphenyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


amino disaccharide

A disaccharide derivative that is a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


An anthocyanin cation consisting of cyanidin having a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.


An anthocyanin cation consisting of pelargonidin having a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.


glucosamines

Any  hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group.


flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside

Any glycosyloxyflavone that consists of a flavonol attached to a beta-D-glucosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


deoxyaldohexose derivative

A deoxy sugar derivative that is formally obtained from a deoxyaldopentose.


A sophoroside resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 17-hydroxyoleic acid with beta-sophorose.


A beta-D-galactoside that is the 4-methoxyphenyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of a beta-D-glucuronic acid residue linked (1->3) to beta-D-galactose.


glucooligosaccharide

An oligosaccharide comprised of glucose residues.


deoxy sugar derivative

A carbohydrate derivative formally obtained from a deoxy sugar.


Also published in: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02898308, Asmer, et al. (1988) Microbial production, structure elucidation, and bioconversion of sophorose lipids. JAOCS, 65: 1460-1466.


luteolin O-glucuronoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is an O-glucuronidated derivative of luteolin.


A beta-D-glucoside resulting from the formal condensation of beta-D-glucoyranose with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 18-hydroxyocctadec-9-enoic acid.


acyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups is acylated.


Any 2-deoxy-D-glucoside having alpha-configuration about the anomeric centre.


A glycolipid, an alpha-L-rhamnoside of 3-[(3-hydroxydecanoyl)oxy]decanoic acid.


neohesperidoside

A glycoside containing alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue as the sugar unit.


alditol derivative

A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from an alditol.


beta-glucoside

A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in a beta configuration


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hexacosanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


pentasaccharide derivative

An oligosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentasaccharide.


rhamnose

A deoxymannose sugar that is the 6-deoxy derivative of hexose.


A sophoroside resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 18-hydroxyoleic acid with beta-sophorose.


A monoacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) and is located at position 2.


galactopyranose

The pyranose form of galactose.


deoxyglucose

A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.


A methyl glycoside that consists of methyl beta-D-galactoside having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at the 2-position. A core disaccharide from the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23F capsular polysaccharide antigen.


polyacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose

A glycolipid that is alpha,alpha-trehalose in which at two or more of the hydroxy groups are acylated.


delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-glucoside

An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin with three beta-D-glucosyl residues attached to the 3-, 3'- and 5-hydroxy groups.


A disaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactose linked via a (1->4)-glycosidic bond to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


D-fructofuranose

A fructofuranose that has D configuration.


amino sugar

Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups.


D-galactofuranose

The furanose form of D-galactose.


kaempferol O-glucuronide

A glycosyloxyflavone that is an O-glucuronidated derivative of kaempferol.


mannose

An aldohexose that is the C-2 epimer of glucose.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(dodecanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


hexitol derivative

An alditol derivative that is formally obtained from a hexitol.


An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.


kaempferol O-glucoside

A glycosyloxyflavone that is an O-glucosylated derivative of kaempferol.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a tetrasaccharide consisting of alpha-D-glucosyl, alpha-D-galactosyl, beta-D-glucuronosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->4).


glucosiduronic acid

Any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond.


D-fucopyranose

The six-membered ring form of D-fucose.


beta-L-galactose

A L-galactopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


ternatin C5

An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin with beta-D-glucosyl groups at the 3-, 3'- and 5'-positions.


D-xylofuranose

The furanose form of D-xylose.


A beta-D-glucoside in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position 4' of 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone via a glycosidic linkage.


pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside

An anthocyanin cation consisting of pelargonidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.


A 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both palmitoyl. A synthetic acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


A sophorolipid that is the diacetylated sophoroside of 13-hydroxydocosanoic acid. It is a major extracellular lipid.


pelargonidin 3-O-sophoroside

An anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside derived from pelargonidin


alpha-galactosylsphingamide

A galactolipid in which the side chain of a galactosylphytosphingosine has been modified by amidation. Some alpha-galactosylsphingamides have been shown to exhibit antigenic properties.


An amino disaccharide that is that is the 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside of 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranose.


L-xylofuranose

The furanose form of L-xylose.


GLUCOSAMINE

A 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.


glycan

Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.


A beta-D-glucoside in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position 4' of 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone via a glycosidic linkage.


D-glucosylsphingosine

A D-glucoside that is derived by formal reaction of the primary hydroxy group of sphingosine at the anomeric position of  D-glucose.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(3-pentylphenyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


A glycoglycerolipid that consists of 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol in which the glycerol portion is acylated at either position 1 or position 2 by any long-chain acyl group.


alpha-L-galactose

A L-galactopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


A methyl glycoside that consists of methyl 3-(2-glycerylphospho)-beta-D-galactoside having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at the 2-position. The core disaccharide from the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23F capsular polysaccharide antigen functionalized with a phosphoglycerol side chain.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 5-aminopentyl glycoside of a trisaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucosyl, beta-D-glucuronosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->3) and (1->4).


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(octanoylamino)-8-oxo-8-[(6-phenylhexyl)amino]octyl moiety at O-1.


beta-D-glucosiduronic acid

A glucosiduronic acid resulting from the formal condensation of any substance with beta-D-glucuronic acid to form a glycosidic bond.


A 3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at O-1 and O-2 are both acetyl. A synthetic acyl homologue of the beta-glycolipid antigens (beta-GGLs) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.


arbutin 6-phosphate

A beta-D-glucoside compound having a phosphate group at the 6-position and a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 1-position.


alpha-L-xylofuranose

An L-xylofuranose that has alpha- configuration at the anomeric centre.


An anthocyanin cation comprising cyanidin(1+) having a beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue attached at the 3-position.


C-glycosyl compound

A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.


carbohydrate derivative

Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.


An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin having a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position and a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 7-hydroxy position.


A synthetic alpha-galactosylsphingamide in which the galactose ring carries a (2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hexanoylamino)-8-(hexylamino)-8-oxo-octyl moiety at O-1.


A glycolipid that consists of an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at O-3 of glycerol, with either O-1 or O-2 acylated by a dodecanoyl group.


A glucooligosaccharide consisting of five beta-D-glucosyl residues and a D-glucosyl resicuejoined in sequence by (1->6), (1->6), (1->3), (1->6), and (1->6) glycosidic bonds in which the hydroxy group at position 3 of the terminal residue (bearing the anomeric hydroxy group) has been glycosylated by a beta-D-glucosyl group.


D-hexose

A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.


beta-L-fucose

A L-fucopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


chromomycin

A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucosyl and beta-D-glucuronosyl residues linked (1->4).


Any glycosyloxyflavone that consists of a flavonol attached to a beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


hexose

Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose).


beta-L-xylofuranose

An L-xylofuranose that has beta configuration at the anomeric centre.


ketose

Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals.


allose

An aldohexose that is the C-3 epimer of glucose.


L-galactofuranose

The furanose form of L-galactose.


glycosyloxyflavone

A member of the class of flavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


mannopyranose

The pyranose form of mannose.


deoxy sugar

Any sugar having a hydroxy group replaced with a hydrogen atom.


glucitol derivative

A hexitol derivative that is formally obtained from a glucitol.


quercetin O-glycoside

Any glycosyloxyflavone that is an O-glycosylated derivative of quercetin.


A trisaccharide that is beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-galactopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.


A beta-D-glucoside that is the 4,4'-bis(beta-D-glucosyl) derivative of (-)-syringaresinol.


A trisaccharide that is lactose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 of the galactosyl ring has been glycosylated by a beta-D-galactopyranosyl group.


D-glucosamine

An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.


amino trisaccharide

An amino oligosaccharide that is a trisaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


The stable isotope of molybdenum with relative atomic mass 94.905842, 15.9 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


olefinic compound

Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.


enyne

An  acetylenic and an olefinic  compound containing a carbon chain that contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a carbon-carbon triple bond.


stilbenoid

Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone.


phenylpropanoid

Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.


lignan

Any phenylpropanoid  derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e".


guaiacyl lignin

Lignin composed principally of coniferol (guaiacyl) units.


lignin

A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.


imidazolium ion

The cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1H-imidazole.


An imidazolium ion with an alkyl substituent at the 1-position and a methyl substituent at the 3-position.


Abnormal Glandular Cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


acetylenic compound

Any organic molecule containing a C#C bond.


terminal acetylenic compound

An acetylenic compound which a carbon of the C#C moiety is attached to a hydrogen atom.


elemental iron

An elemental molecular entity in which all of the atoms have atomic number 26.


tetracyclines

A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.


antibiotic fungicide

Any antibiotic antifungal agent that has been used as a fungicide.


decaketide

Decaketides are polyketide compounds that are synthesized from ten ketide units. They are derivatives of a 20-carbon skeleton.


organometalloidal compound

A compound having bonds between one or more metalloid atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group.


transition element molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.


organomercury compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-mercury bond.


zinc oxide nanotube

A nanotube consisting of zinc oxide.


zinc oxide nanorod

A nanorod composed of zinc oxide.


d-block molecular entity

A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.


zinc oxide nanoparticle

A nanoparticle consisting of zinc oxide.


f-block molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an f-block element.


thorium molecular entity

An actinoid molecular entity containing at least one atome of thorium.


chromium ion

An chromium atom having a net electric charge.


molybdenum-98 atom

A stable isotope of molybdenum with relative atomic mass 97.90541, 24.29 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 0.


organic molecular entity

Any molecular entity that contains carbon.


quinomethanes

Methylidenecyclohexadienones and dimethylidenecyclohexadienes, formally derived from quinones by replacement of one or both of the quinone oxygens by methylidene groups.


strobilurin antifungal agent

Any antibiotic antifungal agents whose structure is based on the antifungal agents originally isolated from the fungus Strobilurus tenacellus.


pentamethoxyflavone

A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.


one-carbon compound

An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).


ether

An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.


organic molecule

Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.


serine zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of serine.


diether

A polyether in which the number of ether linkages is 2.


monomethoxyflavone

Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent.


organometallic compound

A compound having bonds between one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group.


dipeptide zwitterion

Any peptide zwitterion comprising two amino acid residues. Major structure at pH 7.3.


semisynthetic derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a natural product by partial chemical synthesis.


anthoxanthin

are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers.


bioconjugate

A molecular entity consisting of at least 2 biological molecules covalently linked together.


cyclopropanes

Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


acid anhydride

Compounds consisting of two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom acyl-O-acyl.


benzyl ether

A compound of formula PhCH2OR (R =/= H).


N-alkylglycine zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any N-alkylglycine; major species at pH 7.3.


statin (naturally occurring)

Any statin that occurs in nature. The class includes compactin (also known as mevastatin), isolated from a fermentation broth of Penicillium citrinum, and lovastatin, isolated from Aspergillus terreus.


antibiotic antifungal agent

Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties.


graphene nanoparticle

A nanoparticle composed of graphene.


rhombohedral graphite

A thermodynamically unstable allotropic form of graphite with an ABCABC stacking sequence of the layers.


selenomethionine

A selenoamino acid that is the selenium analogue of methionine.


D-methionine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of D-methionine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


methoxyflavone

Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent.


hexagonal graphite

The thermodynamically stable form of graphite with an ABAB stacking sequence of the graphene layers. Hexagonal graphite is thermodynamically stable below approximately 2600 K and 6 GPa.


heteroorganic entity

A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.


lipid

'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.


A monoatomic tetracation resulting from the loss of four electrons from carbon-12.


organoboron compound

A compound containing at least one carbon-boron bond.


tetramethoxyflavone

Any methoxyflavone with four methoxy substituents.


glycerol ether

Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.


acetal

An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ.


peptide zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.


alpha-amino acid zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.


L-thyroxine zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of L-thyroxine.


bridged diphenyl antifungal agent

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has significant antifungal properties.


poly(ethylene glycol) derivative

A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification.


aliphatic compound

Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.


graphite nanoparticle

A nanoparticle consisting of graphite.


aromatic ether

Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.


aromatic amino-acid zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid.


flavones

A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


polyether

Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage.


L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion

Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.


meroterpenoid

Meroterpenoids are complex organooxygen natural products produced from polyketide and terpenoid precursors.


Any anthocyanidin cation that carries a hydroxy substituent at position 5.


cyclic acid anhydride

Acid anhydrides derived by loss of water between two oxoacid functions RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) (carboxylic, sulfonic, etc.) in the same molecule so as to close a ring.


carbocyclic compound

A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.


ortho ester

Any organooxygen compound that has the general formula RC(OR(1))(OR(2))(OR(3)), where R(1), R(2), R(3) =/= H.


statin (synthetic)

A statin which does not occur naturally and which is not obtained by chemical transformation of a naturally occurring statin.


flavonoid

Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


tetracenomycin

A polyketide based on a tetracene ring structure.


bridged diphenyl fungicide

Any organic aromatic compound containing two phenyl (or substituted phenyl) groups attached to a single carbon or heteroatom and which has been used as a fungicide.


Peptide consisting of L-proline compound with (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-proline


ketal

An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.


trimethoxyflavone

A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by three methoxy groups.


anthocyanidin cation

Any organic cation that is an aglycon of anthocyanin cation; they are oxygenated derivatives of flavylium (2-phenylchromenylium).


flavonoid phytoalexin

Any of a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


organic cyclic compound

Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.


zwitterion

A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).


organochalcogen compound

An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.


organooxygen compound

An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.


amino acid zwitterion

The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.


polyketide

Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.


organic acid

Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.


wax

A chemical substance that is an organic compound or mixture of compounds that is composed of long-chain molecules and is malleable at ambient temperatures.


dipolar compound

An  organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.


aromatic fungicide

An organic aromatic compound that has been used as a fungicide.


carbon black

An elemental carbon in the form of virtually pure colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. A black, finely divided pellet or powder, its properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and colour can be varied by varying the exact conditions for its production. It is used in tyres, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings.


botanical anti-fungal agent

Heteroorganic entities that are plant metabolites which have significant antifungal properties.


fatty acid derivative

Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid.


organic cation

Any organic ion with a net positive charge.


alkylglycerol

A glycerol ether having at least one alkyl substituent on oxygen.


organoselenium compound

An organoselenium compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-selenium bond.


cyclopentanes

Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


biaryl

An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.


antibiotic antifungal drug

Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.


alicyclic compound

An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.


tryptophan zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3.


bridged diphenyl antifungal drug

Any bridged diphenyl antifungal agent used for the treatment of fungal infections in humans or animals.


cyclobutanes

Cyclobutane and its derivatives formed by substitution.


statin

Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


cyclopropenes

A carbocyclic compound that is cyclopropene and its derivatives formed by substitution.


flavonoids

Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them.


saccharolipid

Lipids that contain a carbohydrate moiety.


reactive oxygen species

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


cobalt-59 atom

A stable isotope of cobalt with relative atomic mass 58.93319, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 7/2.


elemental molecular entity

A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


magnesium cation

Any magnesium ion that is positively charged.


metal cation allergen

Any metal cation which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


elemental molecule

A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.


monoatomic entity

A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.


native element mineral

A mineral that is composed of atoms from a single element.


halide anion

A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.


divalent metal cation

A metal cation with a valence of two.


zinc-65 atom

A zinc atom in which the nucleus contains 35 neutrons. It has a half-life of 244 days, decaying by emission of a positron (beta(+) decay), and is the most abundant and stable of the 25 known radioisotopes of zinc.


The isotope of cadmium with relative atomic mass 112.904401, 12.2 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2.


aluminosilicate mineral

Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals.


radical

A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron.


aminoxyls

Radicals derived from hydroxylamines by removal of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxy group. The synonymous terms nitroxyl radicals and nitroxides erroneously suggest the presence of a nitro group.


carbene

The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).


Carbenes containing an imidazol-2-ylidene skeleton.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


monovalent inorganic cation

An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.


divalent inorganic cation

An inorganic cation with a valency of two.


p-block molecular entity

A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.


diselenide

Compounds having the structure RSe2R, with R =/= H.


chalcogen molecular entity

Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.


metal tetrahydridoborate

Compounds with the general formula MBH4.


gas molecular entity

Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).


phosphorus-32 atom

The radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days.


oxygen-16 atom

The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.994914. The most abundant (99.76 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.


oxygen-15 atom

The radioactive isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.003065. The longest-lived oxygen radionuclide with half-life of 122.2 s.


iodine-127 atom

The stable isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 126.904468, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


iodine-129 atom

The isotope of iodine with relative atomic mass 128.904988, and nuclear spin 7/2.


boron-11 atom

The stable isotope of boron with relative atomic mass 11.009306, 80.1 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2.


phosphorus-31 atom

The stable isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 30.973762 and nuclear spin (1)/2.


Abnormal Epithelial Cell

description: An epithelial cell that occurs in human disease or in models of human disease.


ion

A molecular entity having a net electric charge.


monovalent inorganic anion

Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.


anion

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.


trivalent inorganic anion

Any inorganic anion with a valency of three.


nickel ion

A nickel atom having a net electric charge.


polyatomic ion

An ion consisting of more than one atom.


divalent inorganic anion

Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.


metalloid atom

An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.


inherited disease susceptibility

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.


metal atom

An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.


aromatic compound

A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.


macrocycle

A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.


chemical entity

A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.


main group molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.


cyclic compound

Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.


chemical substance

A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.


heterocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.


polyatomic entity

Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.


mineral

In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').


inorganic molecular entity

A molecular entity that contains no carbon.


alkali metal molecular entity

A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.


atom

A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.


isotopically modified compound

Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s).


ring assembly

Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.


mineral nutrient

A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body.


rubidium-85 atom

A stable isotope of rubidium with relative atomic mass 84.91179, 72.17 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.


pnictogen

Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


bicyclic compound

A molecule that features two fused rings.


mancude ring

Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds.


p-block element atom

Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


chalcogen

Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.


transition element atom

An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.


heterobicyclic compound

A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.


metal allergen

Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.


s-block molecular entity

An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.


alkaline earth molecular entity

An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.


main group element atom

An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.


homocyclic compound

A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.


molecular entity

Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.


(11)C-modified compound

An isotopically modified compound which contains one or more (11)C atoms. (11)C is the most stable artificial isotope of carbon, decaying by positron emission to (11)B with a half-life of 20.334 minutes.


disease susceptibility

description: A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.


name: Tumor cells, uncertain whether benign or malignant

description: Cells of, or derived from, a tumor.


Abnormal cell

description: An abnormal human cell type which can occur in either disease states or disease models.