Nasal Cavity Papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity.


Oral Cavity Benign Granular Cell Tumor

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A granular cell tumor that arises from the oral cavity and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Sellar Embryonal Carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Maxillofacial Osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma that arises in a maxillofacial bone.


Nasopharyngeal Teratoma

description: An exceptionally rare mature or immature teratoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


Malignant Skull Base Neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the skull base.


Oral melanocytic nevus

description: A melanocytic nevus that arises from the lip and/or oral cavity. The majority are benign. Dysplastic nevi that can lead to the development of melanoma can rarely arise from the lip and/or oral cavity.


Cystic Chondromalacia

description: A degenerative pseudocystic lesion that affects the auricular cartilaginous plate. Causes include ischemic necrosis and trauma.


name: Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features

description: A non-invasive neoplasm of thyroid follicular cells with a follicular growth pattern and nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma that has an extremely low malignant potential. These tumors were formerly classified as non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma or well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential. (WHO)


Juvenile Trabecular Ossifying Fibroma

description: A rare, benign fibro-osseous neoplasm that usually affects the jaws and predominantly arises in children and adolescents. It is characterized by prominent osteoid formation rimmed by osteoblasts in a fibrotic stroma. Patients usually present with painless jaw expansion that is associated with rapid growth and tooth displacement. Amplifications of MDM2 and RASAL1 genes have been detected in some cases. Recurrences have been reported in a minority of cases.


Ameloblastic Fibrodentinosarcoma

description: An odontogenic sarcoma producing dentin/dentinoid.


name: Inverting papilloma of the paranasal sinus

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the paranasal sinuses.  It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


Non-Neoplastic Lip Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the lips.  Representative examples include inflammation and cleft lip.


Neoplastic C-Cell Hyperplasia

description: A neoplastic process arising from the C-cells of the thyroid gland.  It is considered a precursor of hereditary medullary thyroid gland carcinoma, and it is associated with mutations of the RET gene.


name: Odontogenic Fibroma, Granular Cell Subtype

description: A central odontogenic fibroma composed of granular cells admixed with odontogenic epithelium.


Salivary Duct Inflammation

description: An inflammatory process affecting the salivary duct.


Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma

description: A rare, benign, extraosseous neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. It usually presents as a slow growing exophytic mass in the gingiva. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium that is embedded in a fibrous stroma.


description: The reemergence of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma after a period of remission.


Jaw Osteoma

description: An osteoma that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Aggressive papillary tumor

description: A locally invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm arising in any area of the middle ear, including the mastoid process and air cells, and may fill the tympanic cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary glandular pattern, with complex interdigitating papillae lying loosely or infiltrating fibrous connective tissue. (WHO 2017)


Maxillofacial Osteoid Osteoma

description: A benign bone-forming tumor that arises in a maxillofacial bone. It is characterized by limited growth potential. (WHO 2017)


Salivary Gland Lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that manifests initially in a salivary gland. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


name: Jaw Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 Rearrangement

description: A rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 rearrangement that arises from the jaw. It affects the mandible more often than the maxilla.


Sarcoma of head and neck

description: A sarcoma that arises from the head and neck region.


Sialolipoma

description: A benign salivary gland neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and epithelial tissue. It usually occurs in the parotid gland.


Head and Neck Dermoid Cyst

description: A dermoid cyst that arises from the head and neck region. It usually affects the orbit, periorbital tissue, dorsum of the nose, floor of the mouth, and ear.


Non-Neoplastic Ear Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the ear.  Representative examples include infection, cholesteatoma, and hearing disorders.


sebaceous adenoma of salivary gland

description: A rare, benign, encapsulated epithelial tumor composed of cells that form solid, variably shaped islands and cysts, both showing focal sebaceous differentiation. The mean age of patients is reported to be 58 years, and most tumors occur in the parotid gland. There is a male predominance. Most patients are asymptomatic.


intraductal papilloma of salivary gland

description: An intraluminal papillary proliferation that causes unicystic dilatation of the duct and may have features in common with papillary cystadenoma. It is quite rare, and involves almost exclusively the excretory ducts of intraoral minor salivary glands. It presents as an asymptomatic submucosal swelling.


Sinonasal Oncocytic Papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm with exophytic and endophytic growth arising from the lateral nasal wall or the paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by the proliferation of columnar cells with oncocytic features. Microcysts containing mucin and neutrophils are present in the epithelium. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Occasionally, it is associated with the development or presence of a carcinoma, usually squamous cell carcinoma.


name: Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary

description: A carcinoma that has metastasized to the head and neck region from an unknown primary anatomic site. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the neck lymph nodes accounts for the vast majority of these lesions.


name: Primary Oral Cavity CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder

description: A spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise from the oral mucosa and are characterized by the presence of CD30-positive neoplastic lymphoid cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. Cells that resemble the hallmark cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are often seen. The lesions arise from the gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and palate. Patients usually present with a mass that is often ulcerated. In most cases complete remission is achieved, following excision, with or without radiotherapy, and with or without systemic chemotherapy.


cystadenoma of salivary gland

description: An uncommon benign epithelial tumor, characterized by predominantly unicystic or multicystic growth; there is focal intraluminal papillary proliferation of the lining epithelium. Nearly half occur in the parotid gland.  In the minor salivary glands, women are affected more than men. In the major salivary glands, cystadenomas present as slowly enlarging, asymptomatic masses that may be slightly compressible. Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart.


name: Benign inverted transitional cell papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.  It is classified as inverted papilloma, oncocytic papilloma, and exophytic papilloma. Clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia.


Sellar Germ Cell Tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from or adjacent to the sellar region.


Benign tumor of external ear

description: A neoplasm that arises from the external ear and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include ceruminous adenoma, polyp, and lipoma.


name: Proliferative verrucous oral leukoplakia

description: Warty leukoplakia on the oral mucosa.  It is associated with a high risk for malignant transformation.


Metastatic Ureter Carcinoma

description: Ureter carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Locally Advanced Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Urothelial carcinoma ureter metastatic

description: Ureter urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


GDP-D-mannuronic acid

A GDP-sugar having D-mannuronic acid as the sugar component.


GDP-alpha-D-mannuronic acid

A GDP-D-mannuronic acid in which the anomeric centre of the mannuronic acid fragment has alpha-configuration.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 8,9-double bond of anandamide.


name: eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl ester


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine that is anandamide in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 20 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.


A phytocannabinoid that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in which the methyl group at C-11 has been hydroxylated . Major metabolite of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a 5-fluoropentyl group and a position 3 by an o-fluorobenzoyl group. It is a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB1 and CB2 receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, respectively.


An N-acylethanolamine 22:6 that is the ethanolamide of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 14,15-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 11,12-double bond of anandamide.


An N-(polyunsaturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine obtained by formal epoxidation across the 5,6-double bond of anandamide.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole which is substituted at position 1 by a pentyl group and at position 3 by a (4-methoxyphenyl)acetyl group. It is a synthetic cannabinoid with relatively poor affinity for both CB1 (Ki = 1064 nM) and CB2 (Ki = 444 nM) receptors.


synthetic cannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


endocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoids present in mammalian biological fluids and tissues that activate cannabinoid receptors.


An N-acylethanolamine 20:5 that is the ethanolamide of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid.


A medium-chain primary fatty alcohol that is (2E)-non-2-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.


An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of (10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9.


oxooctadecadienoic acid

An oxo fatty acid that is obtained by oxidation of the allylic hydroxy group of any hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid during its metabolism.


An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9.


An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid bearing an additional 13-keto substituent. In addtion it has been found as a natural product found in Carthamus oxyacantha.


An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9E,11E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 13.


Stage 0 Ampulla of Vater Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage 0 includes: Tis, N0, M0. Tis: Carcinoma in situ. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


3,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid

A chlorobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid in which the ring hydrogens at positions 3,4 and 5 are substituted by chloro groups.


agrocinopine A

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of sucrose and L-arabinose units joined via a  phosphodiester linkage between position 4(F) of sucrose and position 2 of arabinose.


D-lysine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of D-lysine.


A ceramide that is the N-(2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl) derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine.


A quinolin-4-one having methyl and hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 3-positions respectively.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z)-3-oxohexacosatetraenoic acid.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Prostate Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Prostate small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Digestive System Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: A neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from any part of the digestive system and does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Merkel Cell Carcinoma

description: Merkel cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Refractory Extrapulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Extrapulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Refractory Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


(S)-fluoxytioconazole (thiol)

The (S)-enantiomer of fluoxytioconazole (thiol).


A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxytetracosanoyl.


A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucuronic acid.


gamma-octalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a butyl group at position 5. It is a volatile compound found in peaches, mangoes, beef and ham.


EUTYPOID D

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxybenzyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


PURPURESTER B

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6, a methyl group at position 7 and a propylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium purpurogenum.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


A gamma-lactone that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxyethyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 4 (the 3R,4S,1'R stereoisomer). Isolated from an edible mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii, it exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dependent cell death.


A butan-4-olide having a chloromethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


1-hydroxycrisamicin A

An organic heterotetracyclic compound isolated from the culture broth of Micromonospora sp. SA-246. It exhibits potent antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacterial strains.


A butan-4-olide in which the lactone skeleton is substituted at positions 3pro-R and 4pro-R by 1-hydroxyalkyl and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively, in which the secondary alcohol has moiety has S configuration. Originally isolated from Streptomyces virginiae, where they control virginiamycin production, they are also known as virginiae butanolides (VB compounds).


A monocarboxylic acid amide that is tetradecanamide substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a (3S)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl group at the N atom.


carlactone

A gamma-lactone that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and by a [(1Z,3E)-2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]oxy group at position 5.


An optically active form of (2-chloro-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furyl)acetic acid having R-configuration.


A butan-4-olide having a thiocyanatomethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


L-dehydroascorbic acid hydrate

A hydrate that is the monohydrate of L-dehydroascorbic acid.


Major species at pH 7.3.


(-)-bursehernin

A butan-4-olide that is (-)-pluviatolide in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding methyl ether.


N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone

A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide arising from formal condensation of homoserine lactone with 3-oxododecanoic acid.


BETA-PELTATIN A

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is alpha-peltatin in which the phenolic hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl substitutent had been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.


cohibin

A family of gamma-lactones that are isolated from the seeds of Annona muricata and Annona nutans.


SANGUINOLIGNAN A

A lignan isolated from the leaves of Piper sanguineispicum.


N-acyl homoserine lactone

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of homoserine lactone. A class of autoinducers generally involved in bacterial quorum sensing.


sporothriolide

A furofuran that is (3aR,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan substituted by an oxo group at positions 2 and 4, methylene group at position 3 and by an hexyl group at position 6. It is a metabolite isolated from several species of fungi.


cohibin D

A member of the class of cohibins in which the long-chain dihydroxyalkyl group at position 3 is specified as 13,14-dihydroxydotriacont-17-en-1-yl. NB The absolute configuration of the stereocentre at position 5 on the furanone ring is known to be S, but only the relative configuration of the diol moiety has been assigned as threo. It has not yet been established whether it is the (R,R)-diol (as shown here) or the (S,S)-diol.


MONASCORUBRIN

A bulgarialactone azaphilone compound found in Monascus pilosus used as an orange food colourant for biscuits or ice-cream.


plakortolide O

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


N-(4-coumaroyl)-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 4-coumaroyl as the acyl substituent.


alpha-peltatin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10 but which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 9. It is found as a glucoside in the rhizomes of Podophyllum peltatum.


A butan-4-olide obtained by formal intramolecular condensation between the 2-hydroxy and 4-carboxy groups of (S)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid


cohibin C

A member of the class of cohibins in which the long-chain dihydroxyalkyl group at position 3 is specified as 15,16-dihydroxydotriacont-19-en-1-yl. NB The absolute configuration of the stereocentre at position 5 on the furanone ring is known to be S, but only the relative configuration of the diol moiety has been assigned as threo. It has not yet been established whether it is the (R,R)-diol (as shown here) or the (S,S)-diol.


D-threonolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3S,4R-diastereomer).


GRAMINONE B

A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-one substituted by a 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl at position 3 and a 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 5. Isolated from the rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica, it exhibits vasodilative activity.


salicifoliol

A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-one carrying a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl substituent at position 4.


ELAEODENDROSIDE G

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


A butan-4-olide that is (5-oxooxolan-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


PURPURESTER A

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6, a methoxy group at position 3, a methyl group at position 7 and a propyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium purpurogenum.


A butenolide that is furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


plakortone L

An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a  gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butan-4-olide having a 2-chloroethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


agnestin B

A member of the class of xanthones that is agnestin A in which the double bond between positions 3 and 4 has been reduced and the carboxlic acid group at position 1 forms a single bond with the carbon atom at position 3 resulting in a cyclic ester. It has been isolated from the fungus Paecilomyces variotti.


cyclic N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine

An oxazolidinone that is the N(6)-(4S)-4-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ylidene derivative of adenosine. Obtained by cyclocondensation of N(6)-threonylcarbamoyladenosine.


EUTYPOID C

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl group at position 4 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group.


SPIROMESIFEN

A butenolide that is but-2-en-4-olide bearing a 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group at position 3, a 3,3-dimethylbutyryloxy group at position 4 and a spiro-fused cyclopentyl ring at position 5.


An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 8-carboxy-3-oxooctanoyl as the acyl substituent.


A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).


N-isovaleryl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having isovaleryl as the acyl substituent.


(R)-pantolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4 (the R-stereoisomer).


seco-plakortolide L

A  butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4S,5S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


L-threonolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2-one substituted at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups (the 3R,4S-diastereomer).


A carbohydrate lactone obtained by intramolecular condensation of the 6-carboxy group with the 3-hydroxy group of alpha-mannofuranuronic acid.


bihapten 1

A butan-4-olide having a methylidene group at the 3-position and a 9-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)nonyl substituent at the 5-position.


SANGUINOLIGNAN D

A lignan isolated from the leaves of  Piper sanguineispicum.


ELAEODENDROSIDE T

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


A furonaphthodioxole that is 4'-demethyldeoxypodophyllotoxin which is substituted at position 4 of the C-ring by a 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino}ethyl group. While structurally related to etoposide, TOP-53 is significantly more toxic to non-small cell lung cancer cells, more active at generating chromosomal breaks, and displays improved cellular uptake and pharmacokinetics in animal lung tissues.


bihapten 1 dimethyl ether

A butan-4-olide having a methylidene group at the 3-position and a 9-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)nonyl substituent at the 5-position.


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a 3-methyl substituent.


artemoin B

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 17 and 18.


MICRODIPLODIASONE

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a methyl group at position 2 and a 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl group at position 2. Isolated from the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia species, it exhibits antibacterial activity.


A gamma-lactone that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups (the 5R-stereoisomer).


plakortone N

An organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a gamma-lactone ring fused onto a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butan-4-olide having a 1-thiocyanatoethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


sedanonic acid lactone

A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one carrying an additional butylidene substituent at position 3.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


(R)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the R-enantiomer of ofurace.


ASPULVINONE E

A 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one in which the double bond adopts a Z-configuration. It is a marine metabolite isolated from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibits antiviral activity.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone substituted by a butyl group at position 4.


dihydrocanadensolide

A member of the class of furofurans that is tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2,4-dione substituted at positions 3 and 6 by methyl and butyl groups respectively (the 3R,3aR,6S,6aS-stereoisomer).


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone substituted by an ethoxy group at position 5.


SANGUINOLIGNAN C

A  lignan isolated from the leaves of Piper sanguineispicum.


asperlactone

A member of the class of butenolides that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by (2S,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl and (1S)-1-hydroxyethyl group at positions 3 and 5R, respectively. It is a secondary metabolite isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus that exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties.


butyrolactone II

Major microspecies at pH 7.3


gamma-caprolactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by an ethyl group at position 5.


PARAMINABEOLIDE D

A withanolide that is 23,26-epoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 22 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 26. Isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala, it has been found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein.


artemoin A

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 19 and 20.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-valerolactone in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 3-sulfooxy-4-hydroxyphenyl group.


An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is isolated from Streptomyces sp. A54238. It exhibits inhibitory efficacy against the growth of human tumour cells.


plakortolide L

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 4.


carlosic acid

A tetronic acid derivative that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by butanoyl, hydroxy, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively (the S enantiomer).


A butan-4-olide having a bromomethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


THUNBERGINOL F

An isobenzofuranone that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of  Scorzonera judaica.


EUTYPOID B

A  butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group at position 4 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


MATAIRESINOSIDE

A lignan that is (-)-matairesinol in which one of the phenolic hydroxy groups has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


homoserine lactone

A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.


N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having butyryl as the acyl substituent.


seco-plakortolide K

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradecyl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


agglomerin F

A butenolide that is the methyl ester of 4-(4-hydroxy-5-methylidene-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid


artemoin C

An artemoin in which the two hydroxy groups on the C-30 side-chain are located at positions 15 and 16.


citrafungin B

A carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of the 4-carboxy group of (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-{(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-[(1E,5Z,8Z)-tetradeca-1,5,8-trien-1-yl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}butanedioic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-carboxy-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentaric acid. It is a fungal metabolite that acts as an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I(GGTase I) of pathogenic fungal species.


5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid

A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having the C=C double bond at the 3,4-position.


isopatulin

A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 an 6 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. Also known as neopatulin, it is a mycotoxic substance produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species.


A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran substituted by oxo, methyl, hydroxy and hydroxy groups at positions 1,4,5, and 7, respectively. It is a natural product found in several genera of fungi including Eurotium repens.


A butan-4-olide having a 2-bromoethyl group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


A aldonolactone phosphate that is L-arabino-1,4-lactone carrying a single phospho substituent at position 5.


(S)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the S-enantiomer of ofurace.


paraminabeolide F

A withanolide that is 18,22:23,26-diepoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3, 18 and 26. It has been isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala.


A butan-4-olide carrying acyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively and having 3R,4R-configuration.


name: 3-furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-5-oxo-2-propyl-, (2r,3s)-rel-


A gamma-lactone that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups (the 5S-stereoisomer).


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


CHAETOVIRIDIN I

An  azaphilone found in Chaetomium globosum.


The 2-chloro derivative of cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


plakortolide N

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


name: 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-, (2R,3S)-rel-


TRILOBACIN

A polyketide isolated from the bark of Asimina triloba. It has been shown to exhibit  cytotoxicity in the NCI human tumor cell line screen.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone with a 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 3 and a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4 (the 3R,4R-stereoisomer).


PARAMINABEOLIDE C

A withanolide that is 23,26-epoxyergosta-1,4-diene substituted by an acetyloxy group at position 18, a hydroxy group at position 22 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 26.  Isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala, it has been found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS protein.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a phenyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.  It is a chemical allergen used for immunological experiments, particularly for experiments on delayed type hypersensitivity.


5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid

An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ylacetic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 5.


A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position and two methyl substituents at the 5-position.


EUTYPOID E

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from Penicillium species.


decatromicin A

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic isolated from Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. It specifically inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 and menthicilin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA).


A aldonolactone phosphate that is D-xylono-1,4-lactone carrying a single phospho substituent at position 5.


citrafungin A

A carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of 4-carboxy group of (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-{(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-[(1E,5Z)-tetradeca-1,5-dien-1-yl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}butanedioic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-carboxy-2,3-dideoxy-L-threo-pentaric acid. It is a fungal metabolite that acts as an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase type I(GGTase I) of pathogenic fungal species.


An isobenzofuranone that is thunberginol F attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica .


auricin

An angucycline-like polyketide discovered in Streptomyces aureofaciens that is only stable at acidic pH.


paraminabeolide E

A withanolide that is the C-25 epimer of paraminabeolide D. It has been isolated from a Formosan soft coral Paraminabea acronocephala.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a 2-furyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


A lignan isolated from the leaves Piper sanguineispicum.


The trans-isomer of 2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl homoserine lactone that has L configuration.


seco-plakortolide O

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradeca-11,13-dien-1-yl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4R,5R stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid having a 4-methyl substituent.


The (S)-enantiomer of 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid.


MONODICTYOCHROMONE B

A  chromanone isolated from the marine derived fungus Monodictys putredinis and exhibits inhibitory activity against P450.


GIGANTRIONENIN

A member of the class of oxolanes that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by a 7-[5-methyl-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]heptyl at position 2 and a 1,4,5-trihydroxyhenicos-8-en-1-yl group at position 5. Isolated from Goniothalamus giganteus, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.


N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having dodecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


ELAEODENDROSIDE B

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


seco-plakortolide P

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, a 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-14-phenyltetradeca-11,13-dien-1-yl group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 5 (the 4S,5S stereoisomer). It is isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


HINOKININ

A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).


A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


name: 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-5-hexenoic acid gamma lactone


dihydroanhydropodorhizol

A member of the class of butan-4-olides carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.


The (R)-enantiomer of 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid.


An organochlorine compound that is 2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 4 and an oxo group at position 5.


Z-butylidenephthalide

A  gamma-lactone that is  phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits  hypoglycemic activity.


A 1,3-oxazole compound having a beta-styryl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


phloxine O

A xanthene dye that is  fluorescein in which the hydrogens at positions 2',4',5' and 7' are replaced by bromo groups, and the hydrogens at positions 4,5,6 and 7 are replaced by chloro groups. It is a red synthetic pigment which is widely used in colored cosmetics (e.g. lipsticks and blushers).


(E)-ascladiol

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4 and a 2-hydroxyethylidene group at position 5 (the 5E isomer). A direct precursor of patulin in cell-free preparations of Penicillium urticae patulin-minus mutants J1 and S11, but not S15.


An organosulfonic acid that consists of 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid bearing a sulfo group at position 2.


carlosic acid methyl ester

The methyl ester of carlosic acid.


plakortolide M

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


gamma-decalactone

A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted at position 3 by a 5-oxofuran-2-ylidene group.


5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid

The 4,5-dihydro- derivative of 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid.


decatromicin B

A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic isolated from Actinomadura sp. MK73-NF4. It specifically inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria including multi-drug resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus MS9610 and menthicilin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA).


A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid that is muconolactone substituted at position 5 by a chloro group.


isoaigialone B

A gamma-lactone that is 3,4,5,7-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b]pyran substituted by heptyl, methyl, hydroxy, hydroxy, oxo and methyl groups at positions 2R, 3S, 3S, 4R, 5 and 7R, respectively. It is isolated from the endophytic fungus Phaeoacremonium sp. and exhibits antifungal activities.


vitamin C

Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.


A five-membered form of ribonolactone having D-configuration.


ofurace

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ofurace.


MONODICTYOCHROMONE A

A chromanone isolated from the marine derived fungus Monodictys putredinis and exhibits inhibitory activity against P450.


MICROPERFURANONE

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a phenyl group at position 3, a benzyl group at position 4, and a hydroxy group at position 5 (the (-)-enantiomer). A secondary metabolite obtained from Aspergillus nidulans.


ELAEODENDROSIDE F

A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells.


ISOASPULVINONE E

A 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one in which the double bond adopts an E-configuration. It is a marine metabolite isolated from the fungus Aspergillus terreus and exhibits antiviral activity.


A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butanolactone substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4.


5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

A gamma-lactone resulting from the formal intramolecular condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid with the carboxy group at position 5.


A member of the class of butenolides that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl, hydroxy and 4-hydroxybenzylidene groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.


tulipalin B

A member of the class of butan-4-olides that is 3-methylidenebutan-4-olide carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4 (the 4R-enantiomer)


A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.


A butenolide that is (5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate carrying an additional 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 4.


A butan-4-olide that is 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucuronyl residue


hydramacrophyllol B

An isobenzofuranone that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and a (R)-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.


A butenolide having a carboxymethylene group at the 4-position.


sarmentologenin

A steroid lactone that is card-20(22)-enolide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 11, 14 and 19.


Any gamma-lactone having the lactone moiety derived from 4-hydroxybutanoic acid.


artemoin

A family of gamma-lactones that are isolated from the seeds of Annona atemoya.


A butenolide that is furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3 and a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 5 (the 3E stereoisomer). It is isolated from the fermentation broth of the fungal strain Rhizoctonia solani F23372 and has been found to possess significant tyrosine kinase inhibitory potential. It also inhibits the growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma and MKN-7 human stomach cancer cell lines.


A 1,3-oxazolone derivative having a nitrophenyl substituent at the 2-position, an ethoxymethylene group at the 4-position, and an oxo group at the 5-position.


(-)-pluviatolide

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one which is substituted by a vanillyl group at position 3 and by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at position 4 (the R,R stereoisomer).


Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


A 1,3-oxazole having benzyl, hydroxymethylene and oxo groups at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively.


plakortolide K

An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a cyclic peroxy compound isolated from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata.


A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 4. Isolated from an edible mushroom  Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii, it exhibits protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress dependent cell death.


An N-acyl-D-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.


A butenolide that is 3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-one carrying an additional 2-hydroxyethanimidoyl substituent at position 5.


An organonitrogen heterocyclic compound that is a 21-membered macrocyclic lactam, substituted by a ({1-[(cyclohex-1-en-1-ylcarbonyl)amino]cyclopropyl}carbonyl)oxy group at position 17, which is obtained from Streptomyces sp. TC-1190. It exhibits growth inhibitory effects on a series of human tumour cell lines.


A 3-enoyl-CoA in which the beta C=C double bond has cis stereochemistry.


A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (Z)-hex-3-enoic acid.


A 4,5-dihydrocortisone that has beta- configuration at position 5.


name: N-[2-[(3-chloroanilino)-oxomethoxy]ethyl]carbamic acid propan-2-yl ester


nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide

A D-ribonucleotide having nicotinic acid as the nucleobase.


TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.


Giant Cell-Rich Osteosarcoma

description: An exceedingly rare, high-grade variant of conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells and variable amount of tumor osteoid.


A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a benzylnitrilo group at position 4.


Halogenated cyanine compound that binds nucleic acids.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).


An imidazopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl group. A potent inhibitor of AKT1 kinase.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 7-bromo-7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).


A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by (1-phenylethyl)amino and 4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl groups at positions 4 and 6, respectively.


A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 7-deazaadenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).


eritrityl tetranitrate

Erythritol in which each of the hydroxy groups has been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to nitroglycerin. It is usually used diluted with lactose or other suitable inert excipients, in order to minimise the risk of explosion; undiluted erythrityl tetranitrate can be exploded by percussion or excessive heat.


name: Stage IIIB Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIB includes: (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0). T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage III Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage III includes: IIIA (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0); IIIB (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0).  T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N2: Metastasis in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph node(s).  N3: Metastasis in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Stage IIIA Anal Canal Cancer AJCC v6 and v7

description: Stage IIIA includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T4, N0, M0). T1: Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  T2: Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T3: Tumor more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  T4: Tumor of any size that invades adjacent organ(s).  N1: Metastasis in perirectal lymph node(s).  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


A C21-steroid that is cortisone in which the 21-hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde.


A C21-steroid that is progesterone carrying two additional oxo substituents at positions 11 and 21


A C21-steroid that is cortisol in which the 21-hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde.


Pancreatic Infection

description: An infectious process affecting the pancreas.


MONURON

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.


Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplastic lesion that shows morphologic evidence of invasion into the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa.  There is no evidence of invasion into the submucosa.  Evidence of invasion may refer to stromal invasion by single cells or clusters of cells, presence of atypical and complex glandular architectural patterns beyond those that are present in normal mucosa, desmoplasia, and/or vascular invasion.


Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: A neoplasm that arises from the gastric glandular epithelium and invades the lamina propria but not the submucosa.  There is marked glandular crowding, branching and budding, intraluminal necrosis, and prominent mitotic activity.  Desmoplastic changes may be present or absent.


Esophageal Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma

description: Adenocarcinoma that arises from the esophagus and is confined entirely to the mucosa.


A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecanol containing a double bond at unspecified position.


Thrombophilia Related to COVID-19

description: Thrombophilia in a patient with probable or confirmed acute COVID-19.


name: Reactive B-Cell Rich Lymphoid Proliferations that Can Mimic Lymphoma

description: A term that refers to non-neoplastic, dense B-cell lymphoproliferations in nodal or extranodal sites that resemble B-cell lymphoma.


SONIDEGIB PHOSPHATE

A phosphate salt obtained by reaction sonidegib with two equivalent of phosphoric acid. Used for treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma.


Unbearable Pain

category: biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A sensation of extreme discomfort and anguish that is overwhelming and unendurable.


A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a 3-methylphenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 6 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.


An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of ascr#10.


A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of 4-iodo-L-phenylalanine and 4-iodo-D-phenylalanine.


maradolipid

A polyacyl alpha,alpha-trehalose in which the two hydroxy hydrogens at positions 6 and 6' of alpha,alpha-trehalose have been replaced by fatty acyl groups. A 6,6'-diacyltrehalose lipid found in C. elegans dauer larvae.


A disaccharide that is D-glycopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-L-fucoside.


An alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.


A glycophytoceramide having a 4-O-(cyclopropylmethyl)-alpha-D-galactosyl residue at the O-1 position and a hexacosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen. One of a series of an extensive set of 4"-O-alkylated alpha-GalCer analogues evaluated (PMID:30556652) as invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) antigens.


ganglioside GM2 (18:0)

A  sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.


A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of the tetrasaccharide beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide.


name: Connective and Soft Tissue Neoplasm (Antiquated)


Advanced Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that has spread extensively to other anatomic sites or is no longer responding to treatment.


Hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma metastatic

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma which has spread to another anatomical site.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of orbit

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the orbit.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma of skin

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the skin.


Benign Orbit Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the orbit.


Unresectable Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: A round cell liposarcoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Malignant hemangiopericytoma recurrent

description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm, believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes, which has recurred after treatment.


Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma with lipomatous differentiation.


name: Solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma grade 1

description: A hemangiopericytoma without malignant morphologic or clinical characteristics.


Metastatic Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that has spread to other anatomic sites.


description: A rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is believed to have its origin in smooth muscle derived pericytes without evidence of metastases.


Benign Mediastinal Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the mediastinum.


Benign Kidney Hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign hemangiopericytoma arising from the kidney.


Refractory Round Cell Liposarcoma

description: Round cell liposarcoma that does not respond to treatment.


name: Well Differentiated Malignant Hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma with well-differentiated morphological features.


(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that is caprylic (octanoic) acid substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy and methyl grous respectively.


Congenital Ventricular Tachycardia

description: An electrocardiographic finding of a tachycardia that originates in the ventricles that is present at birth.


name: Skene Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra

description: A rare urethral adenocarcinoma arising from the Skene gland. It is characterized by morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


Refractory Anaplastic Ependymoma

description: Anaplastic ependymoma that is resistant to treatment.


quercetin O-glucoside

A quercetin O-glycoside that is an O-glucosylated derivative of quercetin.


quercetin 3,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 4'.


CALABRICOSIDE A

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached respectively via a glycosidic linkage at positions 3 and 7 of quercetin. It is isolated from the aerial parts of  Putoria calabrica and exhibits radical scavenging activity.


quercetin 7,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 7 and 4'.


quercetin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 7.


quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside carrying an additional alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3.


CALABRICOSIDE B

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a 4''-O-caffeoyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety is attached respectively via a glycosidic linkage to positions 3 and 7 of quercetin. It is isolated from the aerial parts of Putoria calabrica and exhibits radical scavenging activity.


SPIRAEOSIDE

A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.


camellianoside

A quercetin O-glucoside consisting of quercetin having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3. It is isolated from the leaves of Camellia japonica and exhibits antioxidant activity.


petiolaroside decaacetate

A quercetin O-glucoside that is the decaacetate ester derivative of  petiolaroside. Isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium staphisagria, it exhibits trypanocidal activity.


TRANSILIN

A quercetin O-glucoside that is 3-O-methylquercetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Ophioglossum pedunculosum and Lepisorus contortus.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is the 2''-acetyl derivative of petiolaroside. Isolated from the aerial parts of   Delphinium staphisagria, it exhibits trypanocidal activity.


QUERCIMERITRIN

A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.


A quercetin O-glucoside that is  quercetin attached to a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


Unresectable Vaginal Carcinoma

description: Vaginal carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Cytomegalovirus hepatitis

description: Hepatitis secondary to viral infection with cytomegalovirus.


name: Non-Neoplastic Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the liver parenchyma and the intrahepatic bile ducts. Representative examples include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholangitis.


Secondary Biliary Cholangitis

description: Biliary cirrhosis due to obstruction of the extrahepatic ducts.


Post-Hepatitis Chronic Hepatopathy

description: Chronic liver disease that occurs secondary to, and after recovery from, hepatitis.


Severe Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension with variceal bleeding, ascites, chronic jaundice, or status post liver transplantation.


Mitochondrial hepatopathy

description: A liver disorder caused by primary or secondary defects in the function of the mitochondria in the hepatocytes.


Focal nodular hyperplasia of liver

description: A non-neoplastic, regenerating hepatocellular hyperplasia, secondary to the presence of focal vascular abnormalities in the liver.


Hepatitis toxoplasmal

description: Hepatitis caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.


Mild Liver Disease

description: Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without portal hypertension.


name: Cirrhosis of the Liver Secondary to Hepatitis B

description: Cirrhosis of the liver that develops as a sequelae of a hepatitis b infection.


Viral hepatitis, type G

description: A form of liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis G virus.


Central hemorrhagic necrosis of liver

description: A disorder in which damaged or dying hepatocytes severely impair venous outflow leading to sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage.


Chronic liver disease

description: Hepatic necrosis, inflammation, or scarring due to any cause that persists for more than 6 months. Manifestations may include signs and symptoms of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and/or abnormal liver function tests.


Congestive hepatopathy

description: Chronic passive congestion of the liver secondary to right heart failure. Elevation of central venous pressure leads to restriction of the hepatic circulation. Prolonged hepatic venous pressure may lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.


Hepatic sclerosis

description: A thickening of the liver parenchyma. Hepatic sclerosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis may exist along a continuum.


Acute Hepatitis E Infection

description: A new infection by the hepatitis E virus, which is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. Signs and symptoms may include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stools and joint pain. There is no specific anti-viral treatment, the infection resolves on its own.


Liver calculus

description: The presence of solitary or multiple stones in the intrahepatic bile ducts.


Moderate Liver Disease

description: Cirrhosis with portal hypertension but without any history of variceal bleeding.


name: Liver Disease Associated with Cystic Fibrosis

description: A spectrum of liver disorders that develop in patients with cystic fibrosis. It includes asymptomatic elevation of the liver function tests, steatosis, cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, sclerosing cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma.


Chronic viral hepatitis

description: Chronic hepatitis caused by viruses, most commonly hepatitis viruses B and C.


Alcoholic Cirrhosis with Ascites

description: A disorder of the liver secondary to the excessive consumption of ethanol that is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.


Ductal plate malformation

description: A congenital disorder of the intrahepatic bile ducts characterized by abnormal embryonal development of the ductal plates.


Hepatic Infection

description: An acute or chronic infectious process affecting the liver.


An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin in which the hydroxyl hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by rutinosyl and glucosyl residues respectively.


diarylmethane

Any compound containing two aryl groups connected by a single C atom.


A diarylmethane in which the two aryl groups are specified as 5-methylfuran-2-yl and pyrrol-3-yl.


An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 5-methyl-4-nitro-1,2-oxazole-3-carbonyl and bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor which induces ferroptosis in cancer cells expressing the RAS oncogene.


A 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP in which the 5-phospho-D-ribosyl residue has beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


An N-acyl-D-galactosylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxylignoceroyl.


Stage IIIB Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIB includes: T1-3, N1, M0. T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage III Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: IIIA: (T3, N0, M0); IIIB: (T1-3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor invading the lamina propria or muscular layer. T2: Tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the peritoneal side, without involvement of the serosa (visceral peritoneum); or tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue on the hepatic side, with no extension into the liver. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastases to one to three regional lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IIIA Gallbladder Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IIIA includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor perforating the serosa (visceral peritoneum) and/or directly invading the liver and/or one other adjacent organ or structure, such as the stomach, duodenum, colon, pancreas, omentum, or extrahepatic bile ducts. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA

A branched-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any multi-methyl-branched fatty acid.


Pristanoyl-CoA in which C-2 of the pristanoyl group has R-configuration.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxypristanic acid.


A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,6-dimethylheptanoic acid.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-oxopristanic acid.


Pristanoyl-CoA in which C-2 of the pristanoyl group has S-configuration.


The 2R stereoisomer of 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl-CoA.


pristanoyl-CoA

A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of pristanic acid.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA having 2-hydroxyphytanoyl as the S-acyl group.


farnesoyl-CoA

A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of farnesoic acid.


A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 4,8-dimethylnonanoic acid.


A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (E)-2,3-didehydropristanic acid.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3,4,4-trimethylhepta-2,5-dienoic acid.


The 2S stereoisomer of 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl-CoA.


A multi-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA that is the S-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl) derivative of coenzyme A.


name: Gastrointestinal malfunction arising from mental factors

description: A dysfunction in gastrointestinal function that is due to a psychological process.


bromomethanes

A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by bromine.


Childhood Cystic Nephroma

description: A cystic nephroma that occurs in very young children.


Childhood Benign Kidney Neoplasm

description: A childhood neoplasm that arises from the kidney and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential.


Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy

description: A benign neoplasm of the kidney occurring in infants. It develops as an intracalyceal mass and is characterized by the presence of osteoid formation, osteoblast-like cells, and spindle cells.


name: Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm by Anatomic Region


Cervical Esophagus Adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervical esophagus.


A secondary carboxamide that is 2-amino-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 2-[(2-fluorobenzyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl group.


A phytoceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as docosanoyl (behenoyl).


name: Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to renal pelvis urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, including histologic variants micropapillary and nested subtypes. It does not apply to renal cell carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), renal medullary carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney), collecting duct carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for kidney),  lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and mesenchymal tumors (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


small cell carcinoma of kidney

description: A very rare small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the kidney.


name: Unresectable Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: A renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: (T1 or T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0 or N1, M0).  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  T3: Tumor extends into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. Lesions have been divided into T3a, T3b, and T3c. T3a: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or tumor invades perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava below the diaphragm. T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Stage I Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0. T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into the perinephric fat. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes. M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


name: Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0.  T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or the renal parenchyma.  N0: No lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma associated with biallelic somatic mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and characterized by the presence of neoplastic polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and cystic changes.


name: Unresectable Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that is not amenable to surgical resection.


ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An extremely rare renal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the chromosome 2p23 breakpoint that result in gene fusions between the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) and various gene partners.


Metastatic Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


name: Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that develops in a patient with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


name: Refractory Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Childhood Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invading beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland). M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Grade 4 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by extreme nuclear pleomorphism and/or sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid differentiation and/or tumor giant cells. (WHO, 1982 /ISUP 2014)


name: Recurrent Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Recurrent Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma after a period of remission.


Unresectable Kidney Carcinoma

description: A kidney carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Locally Advanced Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: Kidney medullary carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: BAP1-Mutant Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is associated with a mutation in BAP1 gene. These tumors are typically high grade and associated with poor outcome.


name: Metastatic Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that has spread to another anatomical site.


Stage I Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Stage I includes: T1, N0, M0.  T1: Lesions have been divided into T1a and T1b.  T1a is defined as tumor 4 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T1b is defined as tumor greater than 4 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th and 7th Eds.)


name: Childhood Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


name: Locally Advanced Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Locally Advanced Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;17)(p11.2;q25)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q25) resulting in fusion of the ASPL and TFE3 genes.


name: Clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


Stage II Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor invades the muscularis. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of kidney carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma, High Grade

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with high grade features.


name: Locally Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with inv(X)(p11;q12)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the inv(X)(p11;q12) resulting in fusion of the NONO (p54nrb) and TFE3 genes.


Metastatic Kidney Carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the kidney and has metastasized to another anatomic site.


name: Unresectable Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Unresectable Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified

description: A renal cell carcinoma that cannot be classified into one of the established subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.


name: Non-Hereditary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The most common type of renal cell carcinoma, characterized by a loss of genetic material of the short arm of chromosome 3.  The most common symptom at the time of diagnosis is hematuria.  The tumor has a golden-yellow color because of the abundance of intracytoplasmic lipid.  This is a clinically aggressive type of renal cell carcinoma.  The tumor usually metastasizes to unusual sites and late metastasis is common.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Lesions have been divided into T2a and T2b.  T2a is defined as tumor more than 7 cm but less than or equal to 10 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney.  T2b is defined as tumor greater than 10 cm, limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma with Constitutional Chromosome 3 Translocations

description: A renal cell carcinoma with constitutional chromosome 3 translocations.


name: Locally Advanced Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Refractory Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: Metastatic Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


Unresectable Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A kidney medullary carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III renal cell cancer

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0); (T3a, N0, M0); (T3a, N1, M0); (T3b, N0, M0); (T3b, N1, M0); (T3c, N0, M0); (T3c, N1, M0). T3: Tumor extends into major veins or invades adrenal gland or perinephric tissues but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3a: Tumor directly invades adrenal gland or perirenal and/or renal sinus fat but not beyond Gerota's fascia.  T3b: Tumor grossly extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches, or vena cava below the diaphragm.  T3c: Tumor grossly extends into the vena cava above the diaphragm or invades the wall of the vena cava.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node. M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A group of renal cell carcinomas characterized by the absence of lipid-containing clear adenocarcinoma cells. This category includes the following morphological subtypes: papillary renal cell carcinoma; sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma; chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma; and eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma.


name: Locally Recurrent Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission, at or adjacent to the site of the original tumor.


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of kidney cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system applies to carcinomas arising in the kidney. It does not apply to urothelial carcinomas (are staged according to the classification for renal pelvis and ureter), lymphomas (are staged according to the classification for Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), sarcomas (are staged according to the classification for soft tissue sarcoma of the abdomen and thoracic visceral organs), and Wilms tumor (no AJCC staging system). (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Childhood SMARCB1-Deficient Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A SMARCB1-deficient kidney medullary carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Metastatic Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to other anatomic sites.


name: Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A papillary renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


name: Early Stage Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A stage term referring to clear cell renal cell carcinoma that presents as a small tumor and is confined to the kidney.


Stage II Renal Cell Cancer

description: Stage II includes: T2, N0, M0.  T2: Tumor more than 7 cm in greatest dimension limited to the kidney.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th Ed.)


Recurrent Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of kidney medullary carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;q21)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) resulting in fusion of the PRCC and TFE3 genes.


Renal Pelvis Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal pelvis cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Refractory Kidney Medullary Carcinoma

description: A kidney medullary carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that does not respond to treatment.


Grade 3 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Stage III Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: T3, N0, M0. T3: Tumor invades beyond muscularis into peripelvic fat or into the renal parenchyma. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Transplant-Related Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that arises in a patient with a history of organ transplantation.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (T4, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia.  N0: No regional lymph node metastases.  N1: Metastasis in a single regional lymph node.  N2: Metastasis in more than one regional lymph node.  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th ed.)


ELOC-Mutated Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of mutations in the ELOC (TCEB1)  gene at 8q21.11.


name: Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with t(X;1)(p11.2;p34)

description: A renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture comprised of clear cells. It is characterized by the t(X;1)(p11.2;p34) resulting in fusion of the PSF and TFE3 genes.


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 6th edition.


Kidney Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes

description: A term that refers to the classification of kidney carcinomas according to their molecular characteristics.


name: Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A very rare renal cell carcinoma that usually affects young adults. It is characterized by mutations in one of the four subunits of the SDH complex (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD gene). Most frequently, the mutations occur in the SDHB subunit. It has a relatively good prognosis.


Unresectable Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, Any N, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1). T4: Tumor invades beyond Gerota's fascia (including contiguous extension into the ipsilateral adrenal gland).  M0: No distant metastasis. M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


Grade 2 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by nucleoli conspicuous and eosinophilic at x 400 magnification, and visible but not prominent at x 100 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Grade 1 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma characterized by absent or inconspicuous and basophilic nucleoli at x 400 magnification. (WHO 1982 /ISUP 2014)


Locally Advanced Renal Pelvis Carcinoma

description: Renal pelvis carcinoma that has spread from its original site of growth to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Locally Advanced Kidney Carcinoma

description: Kidney carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


Renal cell carcinoma recurrent

description: A reemergence of renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Renal cell carcinoma that has spread from the kidney to other anatomic sites.


Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A renal cell carcinoma that is mainly confined to the kidney with or without involvement of perinephric tissues and without evidence of spread to other organs.


Kidney Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the kidney. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. It is classified as either small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma based on the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm.


Stage IV Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage IV includes: (T4, N0, M0); (Any T, N1, M0); (Any T, N2, M0); (Any T, N3, M0); (Any T, Any N, M1).  T4: Tumor invades adjacent organs, or through the kidney into perinephric fat.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension.  N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  N3: Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 5 cm in greatest dimension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  M1: Distant metastasis. (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Locally Advanced Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.


name: Recurrent Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: The reemergence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after a period of remission.


name: Unresectable Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: A clear cell renal cell carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection.


Stage III Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8

description: Stage III includes: (T1, N1, M0); (T2, N1, M0); (T3, N0, M0); (T3, N1, M0). T1: Tumor measuring 7 cm or less in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T2: Tumor measuring more than 7 cm in greatest dimension, limited to the kidney. T3: Tumor extending into major veins or perinephric tissues, but not into the ipsilateral adrenal gland and not beyond Gerota's fascia. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. N1: Metastasis in regional lymph node(s). M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Renal Cell Cancer by AJCC v7 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of renal cell cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition.


Stage I Renal Pelvis Cancer AJCC v7

description: Stage I includes: T1, M0, M0.  T1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue.  N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


name: Childhood ALK-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma

description: An ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma that occurs during childhood.


Refractory Kidney Carcinoma

description: Kidney carcinoma that is resistant to treatment.


name: N-[[2-(1-piperidinyl)-4-thiophen-2-yl-5-thiazolyl]methylideneamino]carbamic acid methyl ester


CYHALOTHRIN

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.


lambda-cyhalothrin

Reaction product comprising equal quantities of CHEBI:39323 and CHEBI:39327.


copper(I) chloride

An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.


The stable isotope of copper with relative atomic mass 62.929601, 69.2 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2.


cupric chloride

An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.


An oxoicosatetraenoic acid that is (5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid bearing a single oxo substituent located at position 12.


A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.


name: Invasive Adenocarcinoma in Adenomatous Polyp

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma that arises in an adenomatous polyp.


A long-chain fatty alcohol that is pentadecane in which one of the terminal methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group


Post-Operative Pain

description: A sensation of discomfort secondary to surgery.


Post-Procedural Pain

description: Pain experienced after a medical intervention through the time expected for associated acute effects to abate.


valienone 7-phosphate

A hydroxyalkyl phosphate that is valienone carrying a single monophosphate substituent at position 7.


A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is hexadecasphing-4-enine substituted by a phospho group at position 1.


name: Gallbladder Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm, High Grade

description: An intracholecystic papillary neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of severe epithelial atypia.


Gestational diabetes mellitus class A1

description: Carbohydrate intolerance first diagnosed during pregnancy. Diagnosis from abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but normal glucose levels when fasting and two hours post-prandial. Euglycemia achieved with diet and/or exercise.


Carcinomatosis of peritoneal cavity

description: A condition in which a carcinoma has spread extensively throughout the peritoneum.


name: Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation

description: An acute myeloid leukemia with maturation occurring in children.


Type B Lymphomatoid Papulosis

description: A variant of lymphomatoid papulosis characterized by an epidermotropic infiltrate composed of small atypical cerebriform-like lymphocytes.


name: Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma MYCN

description: An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by the expression of MYCN molecular signature.


Retropharyngeal Abscess

description: An abscess that develops in the soft tissues behind the posterior pharyngeal wall.


Factor IX Inactivation

description: Presence of inactivating antibodies to factor IX in the blood.


Benign neoplasm of adnexa of skin

description: A neoplasm that arises from the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or sweat glands. It is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include cylindroma, hidrocystoma, hidradenoma, and sebaceoma.


Adult Grade I Meningioma

description: A grade I meningioma that occurs during adulthood.


name: Recurrent Lymphocyte-Rich Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: The reemergence of lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma after a period of remission.


Torturing Pain

description: A sensation of having discomfort or distress inflicted upon an individual.


Recurrent Malignant Abdominal Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant abdominal neoplasm after a period of remission.


Adult Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

description: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in adults.


name: Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CNS 1 Toronto Guidelines v2

description: No clinical signs of CNS involvement and no blasts in CSF. (Childhood cancer staging for population registries according to the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines - Version 2. Cancer Council Queensland and Cancer Australia: Brisbane, Australia; 2021.)


Adenomatous hyperplasia

description: Proliferation of the glandular epithelial cells.


Stage IIB Appendix Carcinoma AJCC v8

description: Stage IIB includes: T4a, N0, M0. T4a: Tumor invades through the visceral peritoneum, including the acellular mucin or mucinous epithelium involving the serosa of the appendix or serosa of the mesoappendix. N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 8th ed.)


Posterior Subcapsular Cataract Grade 4

description: A stage of posterior subcapsular cataract characterized by greater than 50% of the posterior capsule obscured by opacity. (Modified LOCS II)


name: Stage IIA Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor AJCC v7

description: Stage IIA includes: T2, M0, Risk factors: low risk.  T2: Tumor extends to other genital structures (ovary, tube, vagina, broad ligaments) by metastasis or direct extension.  M0: No distant metastasis.  (AJCC 7th ed.)


Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma

description: A giant cell glioblastoma occurring in adults.


Moderate Cardiac Valve Regurgitation

description: Evidence of moderate retrograde blood flow through the valve(s) of the heart. (ACC)


Recurrent Anal Adenocarcinoma

description: The reemergence of anal adenocarcinoma after a period of remission.


Recurrent tumor

description: The reemergence of a neoplasm after a period of remission.


Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia

description: Thrombocytopenia caused by ingested or injected drugs. It may be the result of decreased platelet production due to bone marrow suppression or increased rate of platelet destruction.


Metastatic malignant neoplasm to vagina

description: A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the vagina from another anatomic site.


name: Ampulla of Vater Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage

description: A term that refers to the staging of ampulla of Vater cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition. This staging system does not apply to well-differentiated neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors but does apply to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)


name: Recurrent Malignant Spermatic Cord Neoplasm

description: The reemergence of a malignant spermatic cord neoplasm after a period of remission.


Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma

description: A melanoma of the skin that is not confined to the dermal-epidermal junction, and has infiltrated the dermis.


Mediastinal Diseases

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the structures of the mediastinum.  Representative examples include mediastinitis, mediastinal lipoma, mediastinal schwannoma, thymoma, and mediastinal lymphoma.


Sweating fever

description: A febrile response accompanied by diaphoresis.


Recurrent Gliomatosis Cerebri

description: The reemergence of gliomatosis cerebri after a period of remission.


Lacrimal Gland Oncocytoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that arises from the lacrimal gland. It is characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


Fallopian Tube Non-Neoplastic Disorder

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that affects the fallopian tube.  Representative examples include acute and chronic salpingitis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, and endometriosis.


Prosthetic valve endocarditis

description: Endocarditis occurring on parts of a valve prosthesis or a reconstructed heart valve; it can be classified into early and late prosthetic valve endocarditis.