carboxy-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.


aldehyde-lyase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond in a molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group to form two smaller molecules, each being an aldehyde or a ketone.


oxo-acid-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a C-C bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, of a 3-hydroxy acid.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond.


hydro-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.


name: carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.


name: carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


carbon-nitrogen lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).


ammonia-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of ammonia by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with ammonia as a substrate.


amidine-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.


amine-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of amines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.


strictosidine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = secologanin + tryptamine.


carbon-sulfur lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the elimination of hydrogen sulfide or substituted H2S.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+.


carbon-halide lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.


phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


magnesium chelatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mg2+ + protoporphyrin IX = ADP + 3 H+ + Mg-protoporphyrin IX + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.


isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


racemase and epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a molecule.


name: racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

description: Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.


name: racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives

description: Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.


name: racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives

description: Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a carbohydrate molecule.


cis-trans isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


name: intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


name: intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


name: intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.


name: intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more sulfur-sulfur bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.


intramolecular transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule.


intramolecular acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from one position to another within a single molecule.


cycloartenol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = cycloartenol.


intramolecular lyase activity

description: The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.


ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, using the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, a similar triphosphate, or a pH gradient.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


acid-thiol ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of an acid and a thiol via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


acid-amino acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


cyclo-ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: carbon-nitrogen ligase activity, with glutamine as amido-N-donor

description: Catalysis of the transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to a substrate. Usually composed of two subunits or domains, one that first hydrolyzes glutamine, and then transfers the resulting ammonia to the second subunit (or domain), where it acts as a source of nitrogen.


name: ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


name: ligase activity, forming phosphoric ester bonds

description: Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a phosphoric ester bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


ATP hydrolysis activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + H+ phosphate. ATP hydrolysis is used in some reactions as an energy source, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


name: endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


name: DNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


name: site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages at specific sites within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


name: RNA endonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


name: RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


name: endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


name: endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


name: DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


name: RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


name: RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.


name: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

description: Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


follicle-stimulating hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland. Upon receptor binding, FSH stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in the ovaries in females, and stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules to increase spermatogenesis.


follicle-stimulating hormone complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland; consists of alpha and beta subunits, the latter of which confers hormonal specificity.


GABA receptor activity

description: Combining with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


retinal binding

description: Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.


pyroglutamyl-peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a peptide or protein.


nuclear receptor binding

description: Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand.


protein sumoylation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


protein desumoylation

description: The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


deSUMOylase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves SUMO from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


name: extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


name: extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


glycine-gated chloride channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


galactoside binding

description: Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


name: short-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a short-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a short-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing fewer than 6 carbons.


kinesin I complex

description: A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.


kinesin II complex

description: A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.


natriuretic peptide receptor activity

description: Combining with a natriuretic peptide and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex

description: A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.


alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity

description: Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.


nitric oxide reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.


name: flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


thiol oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R'C(R)SH + O2 = R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O2.


poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus

description: The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


chitosanase activity

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.


lipoate-protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


creatinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: creatine + H2O = sarcosine + urea.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H+ = CO2 + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.


sigma factor activity

description: Sigma factors act as the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial and plant plastid multisubunit RNA polymerases, whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, the sigma factor binds specifically to promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released once elongation begins.


sigma factor antagonist activity

description: The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.


arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


lipoate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl.


precorrin-8X methylmutase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-8X = hydrogenobyrinate.


precorrin-6A reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-6B + NADP+ = precorrin-6A + NADPH + H+.


cholesterol oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.


endo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


alpha-sialidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


name: cell wall macromolecule catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.


antibiotic metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


antibiotic biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


activin receptor activity

description: Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.


protein-heme linkage

description: The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.


cytochrome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.


protein-tetrapyrrole linkage

description: The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.


protein-bilin linkage

description: The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.


protein-phycobiliviolin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.


protein-phycourobilin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.


protein-phytochromobilin linkage

description: The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.


protein flavinylation

description: The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.


protein nitrosylation

description: The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.


name: regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


name: MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


myosin phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomyosin + H2O = myosin + phosphate.


myosin phosphatase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates of the activity of myosin phosphatase.


myosin binding

description: Binding to a myosin; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.


myosin phosphatase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin. Composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A).


myosin I binding

description: Binding to a class I myosin; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments.


TBP-class protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the class of TATA-binding proteins (TBP), including any of the TBP-related factors (TRFs).


amino acid:potassium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in).


protein import

description: The targeting and directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle. Not all import involves an initial targeting event.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a fatty acid + sphingosine.


glycosylceramidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, any of three peptide hormones that are produced by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and, upon receptor binding, cause dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.


description: The action characteristic of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), any of a number of peptides released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, CRH increases the rate of corticotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary.


peptide hormone binding

description: Binding to a peptide with hormonal activity in animals.


D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + ATP = sphingosine 1-phosphate + ADP.


retinol dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.


transcription repressor complex

description: A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.


negative cofactor 2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.


name: negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


structural constituent of nuclear pore

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex, a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that allows the transfer of macromolecules.


6-phosphogluconolactonase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.


FH1 domain binding

description: Binding to a FH1 domain of a protein, a proline-rich domain, usually located in front of a FH2 domain.


serine palmitoyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that catalyses the condensation of L-serine with palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine, the sphingoid base which is the starting point for all sphingolipids. In bacteria the enzyme is a cytoplasmic homodimer, whereas in eukaryotes the enzyme is a multiprotein complex localised to the endoplasmic reticulum. The eukaryotic complex consists of catalytic components (SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 in humans; LCB1 and LCB2 in S. cerevisiae) and regulatory components, which include activators (SPTSSA/SPTSSB in humans, TSC3 in S. cerevisiae) and negative regulators (ORMDL1/ORMDL2/ORMDL3 in humans, ORM1/2 in S. cerevisiae ).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


respiratory chain complex III assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


fatty acid amide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.


name: single-strand selective uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases present in single-stranded DNA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


snRNA binding

description: Binding to a small nuclear RNA (snRNA).


U6 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA).


name: intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex

description: A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


syntaxin-1 binding

description: Binding to a syntaxin-1 SNAP receptor.


purine nucleotide binding

description: Binding to a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


name: oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

description: Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.


sodium channel regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a sodium channel.


chloride channel regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a chloride channel.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate.


response to insecticide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.


name: mitochondrial processing peptidase complex

description: A protein complex consisting of a regulatory subunit (alpha-MPP) and a catalytic subunit (beta-MPP) that catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.


glycolipid transfer activity

description: Removes a glycolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. A glycolipid is a compound usually containing 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.


meprin A complex

description: A protein complex that is located in the cell membrane, and is involved in the metabolism of peptides, including neuropeptides. The complex has metalloendopeptidase activity that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.


name: heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.


sulfonylurea receptor binding

description: Binding to a sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.


name: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


name: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex

description: A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.


name: methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex

description: A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11Z)-delta-11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


5'-flap endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


glutamate-cysteine ligase complex

description: An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.


name: nucleoside diphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O = a nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.


name: ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ribonucleoside triphosphate + H2O = a ribonucleoside diphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


name: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+.


single-stranded DNA helicase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


name: single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.


lipoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lipoyl-5'-AMP + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] + AMP + 2 H+.


Golgi transport complex

description: A multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family (complexes associated with tethering containing helical rods) that has a role in tethering vesicles to the Golgi prior to fusion. Composed of 8 subunits COG1-8.


plasma membrane phospholipid scrambling

description: The movement of a population of phospholipid molecules from one leaflet of the plasma membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet, resulting in loss of lipid asymmetry and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).


description: A protein complex capable of protein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide according to reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein. The complex has different compositions in different species: In mammals it is often a homotrimer, in bacteria a heterotetramer of 2 different subunits.


SH3 domain binding

description: Binding to a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins.


deoxycytidyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the insertion of a dCMP residue opposite a template abasic site in DNA.


nucleologenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.


phospholipid scramblase activity

description: Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.


triglyceride binding

description: Binding to a triester of glycerol.


poly(C) RNA binding

description: Binding to a sequence of cytosine residues in an RNA molecule.


name: uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding

description: Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.


name: mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex

description: A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.


fibroblast growth factor binding

description: Binding to a fibroblast growth factor.


name: NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.


insecticide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


stem cell division

description: The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.


name: NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

description: An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


Wnt-protein binding

description: Binding to a Wnt-protein, a secreted growth factor involved in signaling.


negative regulation of translation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.


tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouridine in tRNA + NAD(P)+ = a uridine in tRNA + H+ + NAD(P)H.


DEAD/H-box RNA helicase binding

description: Binding to a DEAD/H-box RNA helicase.


name: sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in).


semaphorin receptor activity

description: Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


calcium-ion regulated exocytosis

description: The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, induced by a rise in cytosolic calcium-ion levels.


regulation of exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.


name: regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


pantetheine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantetheine + H2O = (R)-pantothenate + cysteamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + phosphate.


aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding

description: Binding to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor.


vinculin binding

description: Binding to vinculin, a protein found in muscle, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells that binds actin and appears to mediate attachment of actin filaments to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.


serine hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


cysteine dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.


glycine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + phosphatidylinositol = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol.


glucosidase II complex

description: A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.


diphthine-ammonia ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + diphthine + NH4 = ADP + diphthamide + H+ + phosphate.


name: protein histidyl modification to diphthamide

description: The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor EF-2. The process occurs in eukaryotes and archaea but not eubacteria.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.


name: peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation

description: The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.


aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-aspartate + CoA + H+.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.


description: The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins to form the derivate acetyl-glutamic acid.


peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation

description: The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


N-terminal protein formylation

description: The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


description: The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation

description: The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


description: The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine.


description: The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.


description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine methylation

description: The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.


description: The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.


N-terminal peptidyl-glycine methylation

description: The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.


description: The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


description: The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.


peptidyl-histidine methylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).


peptidyl-lysine methylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.


peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine dimethylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine myristoylation

description: The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation

description: The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


protein amidation

description: Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.


peptidyl-lysine oxidation

description: The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.


name: N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon

description: The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine deamination

description: The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


description: The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


name: peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine

description: The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.


peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation

description: The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.


cytochrome c-heme linkage

description: The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(tele)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

description: The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).


name: peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

description: The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.


description: The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


name: peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid

description: The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.


N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

description: The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.


name: peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine

description: The formation of (Z)-dehydrobutyrine by the dehydration of peptidyl-threonine.


name: peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.


name: peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

description: The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.


peptidyl-L-amino acid racemization

description: The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.


protein polyglycylation

description: The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.


protein polyglutamylation

description: The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.


name: peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine.


protein C-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking

description: The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.


peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.


peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).


peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.


peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.


methionine racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.


proline racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.


lysine racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.


threonine racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


name: peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

description: The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


protein adenylylation

description: The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.


peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

description: The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

description: The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


protein hydroxylation

description: The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-serine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-serine.


description: Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.


name: oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


description: Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked thiazoline to thiazole.


name: nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.


keratan sulfate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


name: RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


peptide cross-linking

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


name: isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

description: The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.


protein oxidation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.


peptidyl-methionine oxidation

description: The oxidation of peptidyl-L-methionine to peptidyl-L-methionine sulfone.


peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage

description: The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation

description: The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.


name: protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


name: protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.


name: ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6.


peptidyl-cysteine oxidation

description: The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.


name: peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

description: The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


name: peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


protein-heme P460 linkage

description: The linkage of protein to heme P460.


protein nucleotidylation

description: The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


protein uridylylation

description: The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

description: The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


protein desulfurization

description: The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.


protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine

description: The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).


protein polyamination

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by polyamination.


poly-N-methyl-propylamination

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.


peroxidase-heme linkage

description: The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.


name: pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.


protein octanoylation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.


peptidyl-serine octanoylation

description: The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

description: The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.


peptidyl-alanine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-alanine.


peptidyl-arginine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-arginine.


peptidyl-aspartic acid modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


peptidyl-glutamine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.


peptidyl-glutamic acid modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.


peptidyl-glycine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-glycine.


peptidyl-histidine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-histidine.


peptidyl-isoleucine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.


peptidyl-leucine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-leucine.


peptidyl-lysine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine.


peptidyl-methionine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-methionine.


peptidyl-phenylalanine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.


peptidyl-proline modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline.


peptidyl-serine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-serine.


peptidyl-threonine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-threonine.


peptidyl-tryptophan modification

description: The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.


peptidyl-tyrosine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.


peptidyl-valine modification

description: The modification of peptidyl-valine.


protein carboxylation

description: The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


protein phosphopantetheinylation

description: The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.


peptidyl-arginine methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.


peptidyl-aspartic acid phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation

description: The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.


peptidyl-serine palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.


name: peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.


name: peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.


name: peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a sulfur (S) atom within a cysteine residue to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


name: peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


urease activator activity

description: Increases the activity of urease by promoting the incorporation of nickel into the active site.


peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.


name: protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.


name: protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.


name: protein O-linked glycosylation via serine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.


name: protein O-linked glycosylation via threonine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.


name: protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

description: The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.


name: protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.


protein-coenzyme A linkage

description: The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.


name: protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage

description: The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.


protein dehydration

description: The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.


name: peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

description: The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation

description: The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation

description: The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.


protein formylation

description: The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


peptidyl-lysine formylation

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.


name: protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

description: The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.


name: RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.


protein guanylylation

description: The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


peptidyl-lysine guanylylation

description: The guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.


isopeptide cross-linking

description: The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


biotin-protein ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + protein = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-protein.


name: protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.


protein deamination

description: The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


description: The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.


name: protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine

description: The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.


protein S-linked glycosylation

description: A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.


name: GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

description: The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


name: metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.


name: iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


name: iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

description: The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


name: iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


name: molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.


name: molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.


protein-FAD linkage

description: The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


name: protein-FAD linkage via S-(8alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine

description: The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via S-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine.


name: protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

description: The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


name: protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine

description: The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.


name: protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

description: The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


name: iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

description: The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


name: molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

description: The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.


peptide cross-linking via L-cystine

description: The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.


name: protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

description: The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.


protein glucuronylation

description: The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.


protein succinylation

description: The modification of a protein by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to an amino acid residue.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


name: peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

description: The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.


name: peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

description: The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


name: peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine

description: The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.


protein prenylation

description: The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


protein farnesylation

description: The covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to a protein.


protein geranylgeranylation

description: The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


protein palmitoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a protein.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage

description: The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


name: protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


description: The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.


name: protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.


name: protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


name: protein-phytochromobilin linkage via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine.


name: protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

description: The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.


name: protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

description: The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


peptidyl-glutamine 2-methylation

description: The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.


name: peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

description: The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.


name: peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

description: The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


peptidyl-glutamine methylation

description: The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.


protein-serine epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


chiral amino acid racemization

description: The formation of a mixture of the two possible enantiomers from the D- or L-enantiomer of a chiral amino acid.


protein myristoylation

description: The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.


name: cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.


name: cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

description: The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine

description: The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid

description: The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


name: N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

description: The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine deamination

description: The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP + H+.


internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

description: The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein.


peptidyl-lysine acetylation

description: The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine.


name: peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


name: peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine

description: The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.


name: peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


name: peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

description: The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.


name: protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

description: Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


name: protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

description: Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


name: protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

description: Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


name: protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine

description: Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.


name: protein C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan

description: The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.


name: C-terminal protein amino acid modification

description: The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


protein glucuronidation

description: The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


protein O-glucuronidation

description: The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

description: The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


name: nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


name: nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

description: The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


name: nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

description: The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


protein catenane formation

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a protein structure comprising two or more rings that are interlocked but not covalently joined; resembling the links of a chain.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


name: protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-phosphate-Ser linkage.


name: copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


name: copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster

description: The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.


name: copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

description: The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.


name: iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide

description: The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


translation release factor complex

description: A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


prothoracicotrophic hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of prothoracicotrophic hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the brain and, upon receptor binding, acts on the prothoracic gland to stimulate the release of ecdysone in insects.


pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


chloral hydrate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.


1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol + NAD+ = acetophenone + H+ + NADH.


myrtenol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + myrtenal.


epoxide dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ethene oxide + NAD+ + CoA-SH = NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.


acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.


name: aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+.


name: perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


isopiperitenol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADH.


carveol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP+ = (R)-carvone + H+ + NADPH.


cyclohexanol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanol + NAD+ = cyclohexanone + NADH + H+.


fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD+ = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H+ + NADH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxopimelyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + DCPIP+ = DCPIPH + H+ + (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.


formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = formate + 2 H+ + NADH.


myrtenal dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenal + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + myrtenic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.


4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde + 2 H2O = 4-chlorobenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + 2 H+ + phthalate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


name: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = benzoate + NADPH + H+.


name: malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


name: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.