kuraridinol

A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 3 respectively.


methylophiopogonone A

A homoisoflavonoid that is 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 and a (2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl group at position 3 respectively.


methylophiopogonone B

A homoisoflavonoid that is 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, methyl groups at positions 6 and 8 and a (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3 respectively.


phlorizin

An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is  phloretin attached to a  beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 2' via a glycosidic linkage.


PHORBOL

A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.


plantagoside

A flavanone glycoside that is  (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 4' and 5' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 3' respectively.


multinoside A

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  quercetin attached to a 6-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


A pentahydroxycyclohexanone that is cyclohexanone having five hydroxy groups located at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (the (2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-diastereomer). It is the resulting product of the oxidation of C-5 of myo-inositol catalyzed by a putative myo-inositol dehydrogenase Hyg17.


CORYTUBERINE

An aporphine alkaloid that is aporphine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 11, and by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 10 (the S enantiomer).


multiflorin B

A glycosyloxyflavone that is  kaempferol substituted by a 6-deoxy-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.


PHOSALONE

A member of the class of  1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.


cinnamtannin A2

A proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia.


ursocholic acid

A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 7beta and 12alpha.


alpha-muricholic acid

A member of the class of muricholic acids in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 have beta- and alpha- configuration respectively.


HYOCHOLIC ACID

A trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at the 3alpha-, 6alpha- and 7alpha-positions.


ISOLITHOCHOLIC ACID

A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. The 3beta-hydroxy epimer of lithocholic acid.


3-phenylpropyl acetate

The acetate ester of 3-phenylpropan-1-ol.


avicholic acid

A trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7 and 16 (the 3alpha,7alpha,16alpha stereoisomer). It is a major constituent of the bile of several avian species.


norrubrofusarin

A member of the class of benzochromenones that is 4H-benzo[g]chromen-4-one carrying a methyl group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at positions 5, 6 and 8, respectively.


neocarthamin

A flavanone glycoside that is  carthamidin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 5 via a glycosidic linkage.


allodeoxycholic acid

An allo-bile acid that is 5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid bearing two alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3 and 12.


beta-muricholic acid

A member of the class of muricholic acids in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 both have beta configuration.


omega-muricholic acid

A member of the class of muricholic acids in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 have alpha and beta configuration, respectively.


allocholic acid

An allo-bile acid that is 5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.


A beta-D-glucoside resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucose.


PECTOLINARIGENIN

A dimethoxyflavone that is the 6,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of  scutellarein.


CIRSIMARITIN

A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.


arcapillin

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 5 and methoxy groups at positions 5', 6 and 7 respectively.


eupatolitin

A tetrahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 3' and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively.


polygonimitin B

A xanthone glycoside that is 9H-xanthene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, methyl groups at positions 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 1.


spinosin

A flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4', a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage.


NOOTKATONE

A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).


BETA-NOOTKATOL

A 4,4a-dimethyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol with (2S,4R,4aS,6R) stereochemistry.


indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid

An indoledione that is 1H-indole-5,6-dione substituted by a carboxy group at position 2.


2-phosphinomethylmalic acid

A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is malic acid carrying an additional phosphinomethyl substituent at position 2.


IRIGENIN

A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3' and methoxy groups at positions 6, 4' and 5' respectively.


A fuconolactone that is L-fucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by an oxo group.


A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having thymine as the nucleobase and 4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar component.


A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having thymine as the nucleobase and 4-amino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar component.


dTDP-alpha-D-forosamine

A pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar having thymine as the nucleobase and alpha-D-forosamine as the sugar component.


5-deoxystrigol ABC-rings

An indenofuran that is (3aR,8bS)-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan substituted by oxo, hydroxymethylidene, methyl, and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 8, and 8, respectively.


An indenofuran in which the hydroxy group of the 5-deoxystrigol ABC-rings in substituted by a [(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]oxy group.


A 20-oxo steroid that is pregnenolone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position.


A 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid formed from 11-deoxycorticosterone by reduction across the C4-C5 double bond.


An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position.


An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 11beta-position.


ISOSCOPOLETIN

A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.


OSTHENOL

A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a prenyl group.


tricaine

A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.


endrin

An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.


metiram

A polymer comprising ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) units and (ammonia)zinc(II). It is used in agriculture for the control of scab in fruit, blight in tomatoes and potatoes, and downy mildew in hops and grapes.


A chlorophyllide obtained by hydrolysis of the terpenoid ester moiety of 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)bacteriochlorophyll a.


3-(1-hydroxyethyl)chlorophyllide a

A chlorophyllide obtained by hydrolysis of the terpenoid ester moiety of 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)chlorophyll a.


3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide d

A chlorophyllide obtained by hydrolysis of the terpenoid ester moiety of 3-vinylbacteriochlorophyll d.


bacteriochlorophyllide d

A chlorophyllide obtained by hydrolysis of the terpenoid ester moiety of any bacteriochlorophyll d.


bacteriochlorophyllide c

A chlorophyllide obtained by hydrolysis of the terpenoid ester moiety of any bacteriochlorophyll c.


resolvin E1

A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).


resolvin E2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-icosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 5 and 18 (the 5S,18R stereoisomer).


An 18-HEPE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-icosapentaenoic in which the 18-hydroxy group has R-configuration.


resolvin D1

A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).


resolvin D2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer).


A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, 5, 2', and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines.


1,2-dihydropyrene-2-carboxylic acid

A member of the class of pyrenes that is 1,2-dihydropyrene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2.


A nitrotoluene that is 2-nitrotoluene carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 5.


A member of the class of monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone carrying an additional methyl substituent at position 5.


A 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoic acid in which both double bonds adopt a cis-configuration.


A decaprenyl diphosphate having (Z)-stereochemistry about all but one of the double bonds.


An acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the 1-carboxy group of (2S)-methylsuccinic acid.


A dicarboxylic acid that is 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy[biphenyl]-3,3'dicarboxylic acid in which one of the hydroxy groups that is meta to a carboxy group has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.


ASULAM

A carbamate ester that is methyl carbamate substituted by a (4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group at the nitrogen atom. A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, it is used (normally as the corresponding sodium salt, asulam-sodium) as a herbicide, mainly for killing bracken.


diminazene

A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.


TOLCOFOS-METHYL

An organic thiophosphate that is 2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group group has been replaced by a dimethoxyphosphorothioyl group. Tolclofos-methyl is a phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor and fungicide that is used for controlling soil-borne diseases caused by Typhula incarnata, Corticium rolfsii, Typhula ishikariensis, and Rhizoctonia solani.


BENTHIAVALICARB-ISOPROPYL

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of benthiavalicarb. It is used as an agricultural fungicide.


DESMEDIPHAM

A carbamate ester that is phenylcarbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


PHENMEDIPHAM

A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.


pyributicarb

A monothiocarbamic ester that is carbamic acid in which the oxygen of the oxo group is replaced by sulfur, the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl and 6-methoxypyridin-2-yl groups, and the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is replaced by a p-tert-butylphenyl group. It has fungicidal and herbicidal activity and is used in paddy rice and turf production.


azimsulfuron

An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a nitrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by a 4,6-dipyrimidin-2-yl group while a hydrogen attached to the other urea nitrogen has been replaced by a [1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]sulfonyl group. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of broad-leaved and sedge weeds in paddy fields and other aquatic situations.


CYPROCONAZOLE

A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the enantiomeric pair (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-cyproconazole in ratio 1:1 with the enantiomeric pair (2R,3R)- and (2S,3S)-cyproconazole. A broad spectrum fungicide, it is used on cereals and other field crops used to control Septoria, rust, powdery mildew and other diseases.


diclomezine

A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one which is substituted at position 6 by a 3,5-dichloro-4-methylphenyl group. A fugicide, it is used to treat rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani.


DIFENOCONAZOLE

A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups.  A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.


ETRIDIAZOLE

A member of the class of  thiadiazoles that is 1,2,4-thiadiazole which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by trichloromethyl and ethoxy groups, respectively. A fungicide, it has been used particularly for the control of Phytophthora and Pythium species in soils.


FENBUCONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenbuconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, black rot and scab.


FLUDIOXONIL

A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole substituted at position 4 by a 3-cyanopyrrol-4-yl group. A fungicide seed treatment for control of a range of diseases including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria.


fluopicolide

A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methylamine. A fungicide used for the control of a range of diseases including downy mildew and blight.


HEXACONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-hexaconazole. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the 1980s, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


imibenconazole

A member of the class of imidothioates that is the S-4-chlorobenzyl thioester of N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanimidothioic acid. Used to control a range of fungal diseases affecting fruit, vegetables, turf and ornamentals. It has a low mammalian toxicity and shows a moderate level of toxicity to fish, daphnia and earthworms but is relatively non-toxic to honey bees, birds and algae.


IPCONAZOLE

A member of the class of cyclopentanols carrying 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl, 4-chlorobenzyl and isopropyl substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5 respectively. Used to control a range of seed diseases in rice, vegetables and other, mainly non-food, crops.


METCONAZOLE

A member of the class of cyclopentanols carrying 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl and 4-chlorobenzyl and geminal dimethyl substituents at positions 1, 2 and 5 respectively. Used to control a range of fungal infections including alternaria, rusts, fusarium and septoria diseases.


Pefurazoate

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-pefurazoate. Pefurazoate is a seed treatment with preventative and curative activity against ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes.


PENTHIOPYRAD

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-penthiopyrad. Used to control rust and Rhizoctonia diseases and also shows activity against grey mould, powdery mildew and apple scab.


PROBENAZOL

A member of the class of 1,2-benzothiazoles that is 1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide substituted at position 3 by an allyloxy group. A fungicide used to control rice blast.


pyriminobac-methyl

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyriminobac with methanol.


TEBUCONAZOLE

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.


TETRACONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-tetraconazole.  A fungicide used to control a range of fungal infections including powdery mildew, rusts, bunt, loose smut and scab.


TRICYCLAZOLE

A triazolobenzothiazole that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole which is substituted at position 5 by a methyl group. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


TRIFLUMIZOLE

A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops.


uniconazole P

A (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol that has S configuration at the chiral centre. It is the enantiomer of (R)-uniconazole; the fungicide and plant growth retardant uniconazole is the racemic mixture comprising (R)-uniconazole and uniconazole-P.


cymoxanil

A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which the two nitrogen atoms are substituted by an ethyl group and a 2-cyano-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl group respectively. A fungicide used to control Peronosporales on a range of crops including vines, hops and potatoes.


DIMETHENAMID

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dimethenamid. A herbicide, it is applied to the soil for the control of various broad-leaved weeds and grasses. Only the S enantiomer (generally known as dimethenamid-P) is active.


FLUTOLANIL

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline.  A fungicide used to control a range of pathogens especially Rhizoctonia spp. on rice, turf and other crops.


furametpyr

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-furametpyr. A fungicide used to control rice sheath blight.


thifluzamide

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dibromo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline. Used to control Rhizoctonia spp. diseases on rice, potatoes, maize, grass and other crops.


CYFLUFENAMID

A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenecarboxamidine in which the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethoxy group while one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a phenylacetyl group. It is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew in cereal crops as well as in apple and pear orchards.


DICLOCYMET

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1R,2R)-diclocymet. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast in paddy fields. It also shows some activity against paddy field insect pests including rice water weevil and rice-stem borer. Diclocymet is moderately toxic to fish.


fenoxanil

A four component diastereoisomeric mixture composed of the diastereomeric pair (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoxanil in an 85:15 ratio with the diastereomeric pair (S,R)- and (S,S)-fenoxanil. A fungicide used mainly for control of rice blast.


FLUSULFAMIDE

A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonic acid with 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. A fungicide, it is used to control Plasmodiophora brassicae in brassicas and Polymyxa betae in sugarbeet.


MANDIPROPAMID

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mandipropamid. An agricultural fungicide, it is used to control late blight and downy mildew in many salad, vegetable and fruit crops.


FLUAZIFOP

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-fluazipop (the active enantiomer, also known as fluazifop-P) and (S)-fluazifop (the inactive enantiomer). Both fluazifop and fluazifop-P have been used (generally as the corresponidng n-butyl esters, known as fluazifop-butyl and fluazifop-P-butyl, respectively) as herbicides for the pre-emergence control of grass weeds in a variety of crops.


MCPB

A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid substituted by a 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy group at position 4.


A member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene which is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group at position 1. It is a synthetic auxin that is widely used in agriculture to promote the growth of numerous fruits, for root cuttings and as a fruit thinning agent.


trinexapac-ethyl

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trinexapac with ethanol.


SIMECONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-simeconazole. A broad spectrum biofungicide used to control a range of diseases in particular Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Blumeria graminis on rice, fruit, soya and vegetables.


phyllospadine

A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4', a methoxy group at position 6 and a 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl group at position 8.


CYENOPYRAFEN

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is ethene in which the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by p-tert-butylphenyl and cyano groups, while the hydrogens at position 2 have been replaced by pivaloyloxy and 1,3,4-trimethylpyrazol-5-yl groups (the E isomer). A proacaricide (by hydrolysis of the pivalate ester linkage to give the corresponding enol), it was formerly used for the control of mites in fruit, vegetables and tea.


IOXYNIL

A  nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.


BOSCALID

A pyridinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloronicotinic acid with the amino group of 4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-amine. A fungicide active against a broad range of fungal pathogens including Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Sclerotinia spp. for use on a wide range of crops including fruit, vegetables and ornamentals.


MEPRONIL

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 3-(ispropyloxy)aniline. A fungicide used to control diseases caused by Basidomycetes including Rhizoctonia and Puccinia spp.


DIFLUFENICAN

A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen and a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 2.


TIADINIL

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-chloro-4-methylaniline. It is a fungicide used particularly for the control of fungal diseases in rice.


FLUOROIMIDE

A maleimide that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by chlorines and on the nitrogen by a p-fluorophenyl group. Previously used as a fungicide (now obsolete).


PYRAFLUFEN-ETHYL

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyraflufen with ethanol. A proherbicide for pyraflufen, it is used for the control of broad-leaved weeds and grasses in a variety of crops.


pyrazoxyfen

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1,3-dimethylpyrazole which is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by  2,4-dichlorobenzoyl and 2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy groups, respectively. A pro-herbicide (for the corresponding 5-hydroxypyrazole), it is used as a pre- or post-emergence herbicide for the control of annual and perennial weeds in rice.


METOMINOSTROBIN

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-(methoxyimino)(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetic acid with the amino group of methylamine. Used for the control of Pyricularia oryzae on rice crops.


orysastrobin

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-(methoxyimino){2-[(3E,5E,6E)-5-(methoxyimino)-4,6-dimethyl-2,8-dioxa-3,7-diazanona-3,6-dien-1-yl]phenyl}acetic acid with the amino group of methylamine. A rice fungicide that is highly effective against Magnaporthe oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Rhizoctonia solani.


TRIFLOXYSTROBIN

The methyl ester of (2E)-(methoxyimino)[2-({[(E)-{1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino]oxy}methyl)phenyl]acetic acid. A foliar applied fungicide for cereals which is particularly active against Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Oomycetes


PYRAZON

A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 5, a chloro group at position 4 and a phenyl group at position 2.


Cyazofamid

A member of the class of imidazoles carrying dimethylsulfamyl, cyano, chloro and 4-tolyl substituents at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively. A fungicide used mainly for controlling Oomycete and Plasmodiophora diseases on potatoes and tomatoes. It is a skin and eye irritant and is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms.


DITHIANON

A naphthodithiin that is 5,10-dioxo-5,10-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dithiin which is substituted by nitrile groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a broad spectrum fungicide used to control scab, downy mildew, rust, and leaf spot in the commercial growing of grapes and other fruit, citrus, coffee, and vegetables.


FLUAZINAM

A member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens.


FERIMZONE

A member of the class of pyrimidines that is 2-hydrazino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by a 1-(2-methylphenyl)ethylidene group. It is used for the control of fungal diseases in rice.


amisulbrom

A member of the class of bromoindoles that is 3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methylindole substituted at position 1 by a 1-(dimethylsulfamyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonyl group. A fungicide for use on potatoes to control late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and downy mildew [Plasmopara viticola). It has a low mammalian toxicity but it is considered to be a reproduction toxicant, is moderately toxic to birds and honey bees but poses a greater risk to aquatic species and earthworms.


DIMETHOMORPH

A mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph in an unspecified ratio. It is used as a systemic fungicide used on vines, potatoes, and greenhouse crops; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity.


chlormequat

A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.


PENTOXAZONE

An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione which is substituted on the nitrogen (position 3) by a 4-chloro-5-(cyclopentyloxy)-2-fluorophenyl group, and at position 5 by an isopropylidene group. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used as a pre- and post-emergence herbicide to control weeds in rice.


FENHEXAMID

An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2,3-dichlorophenol.


3,6 DICHLOROMETHOXYBENZOIC ACID

A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.


IMAZAMOX

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-imazamox. An inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase, it is used (particularly as the corresponding ammonium salt, known as imazamox-ammonium) as a herbicide for the control of grass, broad-leaf weeds, and pond weed.


forchlorfenuron

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a phenyl group and a 2-chloropyridin-4-yl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture for improving fruit quality and fruit size.


12-deoxynogalonic acid

A member of the class of anthraquinones that is 10-oxo-3-(3-oxobutanoyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl]acetic acid bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 5. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of nogalamycin.


nogalaviketone

A methyl ester derived from (1R,2S)-2,5,7-trihydroxy-2-methyl-4,6,11-trioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene-1-carboxylic acid.


lead arsenate

An inorganic lead salt composed from lead(2+) and arsenate dianion. It was widely used in the United States in the 1950's as an insecticide to control pests in fruit orchards, specifically apples and cherries.


jadomycin A

A organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 1,2,8,13-tetrahydro-3aH-benzo[b][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-f]phenanthridine which carries oxo groups at positions 2, 8 and 13, methyl group at position 5, hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 12, and a (2R)-butan-2-yl group at position 1. It is a mixture of epimers at the hemiaminal carbon (position 3a).


AZACONAZOLE

A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2,4-dichlorophenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A fungicide used mainly in ornamental crops to control canker and other diseases. Azaconazole is moderately toxic to mammals but is not expected to bioaccumulate. It is moderately toxic to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates.


BROMUCONAZOLE

A member of the class of oxolanes carrying 1,2,4-triazol-ylmethyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl substituents at position 2 as well as a bromo substituent at position 4.  A foliar applied conazole fungicide for a range of crops including cereals, fruit, vegetables and vines.


all-trans-phytoene

The all-trans-isomer of phytoene.


DIMETHACHLOR

An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2-methoxyethyl and a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group at the nitrogen atom.


diniconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diniconazole. A fungicide used to control a range of diseases including mildew, bunts and smuts.


FENPROPIDIN

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenpropidin. A systemic fungicide, it is used for the control of foliar diseases in cereals and sugar beet.


fentin acetate

An organotin compound that is the O-acetyl derivative of triphenyltin hydroxide. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans.


FLUFENACET

An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.


FLUSILAZOLE

An organosilicon compound that is dimethylsilane in which the hydrogens attached to the silicon are replaced by p-fluorophenyl groups and a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group. It is a broad-sepctrum fungicide used to protect a variety of crops.


FLUTRIAFOL

A racemate comprising an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-flutriafol. A systemic fungicide, it is used to control fungal diseases in cereal crops.


FOMESAFEN

An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.


FUBERIDAZOLE

A ring assembly consisting of benzimidazole substituted at position 2 by a 2-furyl group.  A fungicide used as a seed treatment to control Fusarium spp. in cereals.


enilconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.


METALDEHYDE

A member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection.


methasulfocarb

A monothiocarbamic ester that is phenyl methanesulfonate in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a (methylcarbamoyl)sulfanediyl group. It is a fungicide used for the treatment of a range of fungal diseases in rice.


NITRAPYRIN

A chloropyridine that is 2-chloropyridine which is substituted by a trichloromethyl group at position 6. It is a nitrification inhibitor that is co-applied with nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystems.


octhilinone

A member of the class of 1,2-thiazole that is 1,2-thiazol-3-one substituted on the nitrogen (position 2) by an octyl group. A fungicide and antibacterial agent, it is used for treatment of canker and other fungal and bacterial diseases in fruit trees. It is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


OXADIXYL

An oxazolidinone that is N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a 2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl group. A systemic fungicide used to treat seeds of a variety of food crops, as well as lawns.


captafol

A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.


PROSULFOCARB

A monothiocarbamic ester that is carbamothioic S-acid substituted by two propyl groups at the nitrogen atom and a benzyl group at the the sulfur atom.


PYRAZOPHOS

A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is the ethyl ester of 2-[(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy]-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thionophosphate group to afford the corresponding 2-hydroxypyrazolopyrimidine fungicide), it is used to control Erysiphe, Helminthosporium and Rhynchospium in cereals.


quizalofop-P-tefuryl

A tetrahydrofurylmethyl ester resulting from the formyl condensation of the carboxy group of quizalofop-P with the hydroxy group of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.


SULFLURAMID

A sulfonamide obtained by the formal condensation of perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid with  ethylamine.


2,3,6-TRICHLOROBENZOIC ACID

A chlorobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A synthetic auxin, it is used as a post-emergence herbicide to control weeds in various cereal crops. Not approved for use within the European Union.


terbumeton

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 6. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


benazolin

A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-one which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group and at position 4 by chlorine. A post-emergence herbicide used (generally as a salt or ester) for the control of annual weeds in wheat and oilseed rape. It is not approved for use with the European Union.


BUPIRIMATE

A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-ethylaminopyrimidine carrying methyl, butyl and dimethylaminosulfooxy substituents at posiitons 4, 5 and 6 respectively.


chlorimuron

An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which one of the nitrogens has been substituted by a (2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonyl group, while the other has been substituted by a 4-chloro-6-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl group. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used (generally as the corresponding ethyl ester) as a herbicide.


DIMETHIRIMOL

A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2-dimethylaminopyrimidine carrying methyl, butyl and hydroxy substituents at posiitons 4, 5 and 6 respectively. A fungicide first marketed in 1970, and used particularly in glasshouses to control powdery mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


phytuberin

A sesquiterpenoid commonly found in potatoes.


dodemorph

A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclododecyl group. It is a fungicide used for the control of powdery mildew, particularly in rose culture.


ofurace

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ofurace.


PENCONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-penconazole. A fungicide used to control powdery mildew, scab and other pathogenic Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.


pyrifenox

An oxime O-ether that is the O-methyloxime of 2',4'-dichloro-2-(3-pyridyl)acetophenone.  A fungicide used for control of powdery mildew, scab and other fungal pathogens on a range of crops.


QUINCLORAC

A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-8-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 have been replaced by chlorines. It is used (particularly as its dimethylamine salt, known as quinclorac-dimethylammonium) as a (rather persistent) herbicide for the post-emergence control of weeds in rice, grass and turf. It is not approved for use within the European Union.


polydatin

A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.


triticonazole

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-triticonazole. A seed treatment fungicide for the control of common bunt, loose smut and covered smut on barley, oats and wheat.


CHLOROTOLURON

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.


ETHIRIMOL

An aminopyrimidine that is 2-ethylaminopyrimidin-4-one carrying butyl and methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 respectively. A fungicide first marketed in 1970 and used as a seed treatment for diseaases such as damping-off, it is not licensed for use within the European Union.


ETHOFUMESATE

A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-ethofumesate.


FENFURAM

An anilide having 2-methyl-2-furoyl as the N-acyl group. A seed-treatment fungicide used to control bunts and smuts in cereals.


picolinamide

A  pyridinecarboxamide that is the  monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of picolinic acid.


FLUOMETURON

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in cotton.


FLUROXYPYR

An aminopyridine that is pyridin-4-amine substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 5, a fluoro group at position 6 and a carboxymethoxy group at position 2.


fluthiacet

A thiadiazolopyridazine that is 3-iminotetrahydro[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,4-a]pyridazin-1-one in which the exocyclic nitrogen has been substituted by a 5-[(carboxymethyl)thio]-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl group. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used (usually as the corresponding methyl ester proherbicide, fluthiacet-methyl) for the control of broad-leaved weeds in crops such as maize and soya.


FOLPET

A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.


iprovalicarb

A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising equimolar amounts of L-(R)- and L-(S)-iprovalicarb. It is a systemic fungicide, specific to oomycetes, used on potatoes and grape vines.


NAPROPAMIDE

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-napropamide.


PROPOMOCARB

A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly  Phytophthora and Pythium species.


PROPAQUIZAFOP

A quinoxaline derivative used as systemic herbicide for annual and perennial grasses.


PROPHAM

A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.


PROTHIOCONAZOLE

A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prothioconazole. A fungicide for use both as a seed treatment and foliar spray to treat a variety of diseases in cereals.


pyriminobac

A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by a (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy group at position 2 and a N-methoxyethanimidoyl group at position 6. It is a herbicide.


QUINOXYFEN

A member of the class of quinolines carrying two chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 together with a 4-fluorophenoxy substituent at position 4. A fungicide used mainly to control powdery mildew in cereals.


SULFOMETURON

An N-sulfonylurea that is urea substituted by 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl and (2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonyl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively.


TEBUTAM

A monocarboxylic acid amide that is propanamide substituted by a benzyl and an isopropyl group at the nitrogen atom and two methyl groups at position 2. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


TECNAZENE

A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the four hydrogens located ortho- and para- to the nitro group have been replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used to control dry rot, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


triflusulfuron-methyl

A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of triflusulfuron with methanol. A proherbicide for triflusulfuron.


ZOXAMIDE

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide.  A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.


picrotin

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.


BENODANIL

A member of the class of benzamides, obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of aniline. An obsolete fungicide once used mainly to control rust diseases.


picrotoxinin

A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.


THIOPHANATE

A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.


pilocarpine

The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.


DYRENE

A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.


prothiocarb

A monothiocarbamic ester that is ethanethiol in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a [3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbamoyl group. Formerly used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as an agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use within the European Union.


carbanolate

A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate which is substituted by a chloro group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4 and 5, respectively. It is an insecticide used in the the control of poultry ectoparasites.


pimozide

A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.


leptophos

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-leptophos. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide that shows neurotoxic effect in humans.


pindolol

A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.


BINAPACRYL

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-binapacryl.  An obsolete fungicide and acaricide once used to control of panonychid and tetranychid mites on certain fruits, mainly apple, and vegetables.


tricamba

A methoxybenzoic acid that is 2-methoxybenzoic acid which is substituted at position 3, 5, and 6 by chlorines.


CHLOROXURON

A member of the class of phenylureas that is N,N-dimethylurea in which a hydrogen of the amino group is replaced by a 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl group. It is a phenylurea herbicide used for the control of annual grasses, mosses and broad-leaved weeds. Common crop plants for which the herbicicide is useful are soy beans, onions, strawberries, and celery.


A 7-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-7-methyloxepan-2-one that has R configuration at position 4.


haloxydine

A hydroxyyridine that is 4-hydroxypyridine which is substituted by fluorines at positions 2 and 6, and by chlorines at positions 3 and 5. An obsolete herbicide, formerly used to control selective broad-leaved and grass weeds in crops such as potatoes.


pinocembrin 7-rhamnosylglucoside

A flavanone glycoside that is  pinocembrin attached to a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.


atraton

A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-ethyl-N'-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 6. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


secbumeton

A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-secbumeton. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.


chlorfenac

A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl group has been substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 6. An obsolete herbicide that was used as its sodium and ammonium salts.


pinoquercetin

A pentahydroxyflavone that is  quercetin substituted by a methyl group at position 6.


pinoresinol

A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl groups.


bis(chloromethyl) ether

An ether that is dimethyl ether in which one of the hydrogens attached to each of the methyl group has replaced by a chlorine.


(trichloromethyl)benzene

An organochlorine compound that is toluene in which all three hydrogens of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorines. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and dye chemistry.


BENZOYL CHLORIDE

An acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.


pioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.


o-anisidine

A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen ortho to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of azo pigments and dyes.


benzo[c]phenanthrene

An ortho-fused polycyclic arene resulting from the symmetrical fusion of the C1-C2 bonds of two naphthalene units.


carbon black

An elemental carbon in the form of virtually pure colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons under controlled conditions. A black, finely divided pellet or powder, its properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and colour can be varied by varying the exact conditions for its production. It is used in tyres, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings.


piperacillin

A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.


A hexadienal that is hexanal with trans double bonds at positions 2 and 4. It is found in tomatoes, kiwi fruit, mangoes, potato chips, herbs and spices.


N-nitrososarcosine

A nitrosamine that is sarcosine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a nitroso group.


p-anisidine

A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen para to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a reagent for the detection of oxidation products such as aldehydes and ketones in fats and oils.


PIPERONAL

An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum.


pipobroman

An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.


A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which one of the meta- hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine.


decabromodiphenyl ether

A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.


N,N'-diethylthiourea

Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries an ethyl substituent.


cis-9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid

A 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid which has cis configuration.


PIRIMICARB

An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.


piroxicam

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the exocyclic nitrogen of 2-aminopyridine. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the oxicam class, it is used to relieve pain and works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins involved in the mediation of pain, stiffness, tenderness and swelling.


piscerythramine

A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 3', prenyl groups at positions 2' and 6', a methoxy group at position 5' and an amino group at position 4'.


Sudan III

A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.


pivampicillin

A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.


A member of the class of nitrosamines that is butan-1-ol substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group at position 1 and by a methyl(nitroso)amino group at position 4. It is a major metabolite of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which is a carcinogen found in tobacco and responsible for inducing lung cancer in smokers.


A mannosyl group derived from N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannose.


eprinomectin component B1a

An avermectin analogue that is avermectin A1a in which the methoxy group attached to the tetrahydrobenzofuranyl moiety is replaced by a hydroxy group and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the terminal 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hyxopoyranosyl group is replaced by an acetamido group.


eprinomectin component B1b

An avermectin analogue that is eprinomectin B1a in which the butan-2-yl substituent of the spiroketal moiety is replaced by an isopropyl group.


avermectin analogue

A macrolide whose structure is related to that of an avermectin.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of zofenopril, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


zofenoprilat

A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of zofenoprilat, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate(3-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1,2-dibutyryl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'D-myo-inositol-5'-phosphate); major species at pH 7.3.


A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol(1-) that is the conjugate base of 1,2-dibutyryl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol, obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


A sialotetraosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)]-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialotetraosyl component.


A sialotetraosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)]-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialotetraosyl component.


A sialotetraosylceramide having alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->6)]-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the sialotetraosyl component.


A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 2-O-methylflaviolin in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by methyl and linalyl groups respectively.


A member of the class of naphthoquinones that is 2-O-methylflaviolin in which the hydrogen at position 3 is  replaced by a methyl group.


S-methyl-L-cysteine residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue derived from S-methyl-L-cysteine.


6-O-methyl guanin-9-yl group

A purinyl group that is 6-O-methyl guaninyl group with its point of attachment at position 9.


A carboxamidinium ion resulting from the protonation of both of the amidino groups of diminazene. The major species at pH 7.3.


N-acetylglycinate salt

Any salt prepared using N-acetylglycine as the acid component.


(13Z)-octadecenoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with a cis-double bond at position C-13.


An octadecenoate that is the conjugate base of (13Z)-octadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


icariside II

A glycosyloxyflavone that is 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-prenylflavone in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into its alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside.


L-tyrosine-O-phosphate(2-) residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue anion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of L-tyrosine-O-phosphate residue; major speices aqt pH 7.3.


MONASCIN

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.


leucascandrolide A congener

A synthetic macrolide that is an analogue of the marine metabolite leucascandrolide A that exhibits comparable antiproliferative properties.


zinc-65 atom

A zinc atom in which the nucleus contains 35 neutrons. It has a half-life of 244 days, decaying by emission of a positron (beta(+) decay), and is the most abundant and stable of the 25 known radioisotopes of zinc.


trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate

A trehalose mycolate compound consisting of two C58 mycolate groups attached to the 6- and 6'-positions of alpha,alpha'-trehalose. A mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid.


TROLOX

A chromanol that is 6-hydroxychromane which is substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7, and 8. A cell-permeable, water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, it is used as a standard for measuring the antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures.


A hydroperoxy fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 15(R)-HPETE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A HPETE that is (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15R)-icosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic acid with the hydroperoxy group located at position 15 (the R-enantiomer).


A hydroperoxy fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 11(R)-HPETE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


prostaglandin G2(1-)

A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of prostaglandin G2, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a threonyl group.


An anionic ganglioside that is the conjugate base of N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-D-galactosylceramide arising from deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


name: (7Z)-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxoheptadec-7-enoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester

description: A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of (7Z)-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxoheptadec-7-enoic acid with the free carboxy group of a peptidyl aspartate.


4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE

A phenyl acetate resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 4-nitrophenol with the carboxy group of acetic acid.


dodecyl(triphenyl)phosphonium

A polyatomic cation consisting of a dodecyl group and three phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.


An anionic ganglioside that is the conjugate base of alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-N acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide arising from deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy groups; major species at pH 7.3.


An anionic ganglioside that is the conjugate base alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide arising from deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


dermaseptin s3(1-16)-NH2

A sixteen membered polypeptide consisting of Ala, Leu, Trp, Lys, Asn, Met, Leu, Lys, Gly, Ile, Gly, Lys, Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys-NH2 residues joined in sequence. A fragment of the amphibian skin peptide dermaseptin s3


gepinacin

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-isobutoxyphenoxyacetic acid with the amino group of 4-methoxyaniline.


dihydromotuporamine C

A polyazaalkane that is azacyclopentadecane in which the amino proton is replaced by a 3-(3-aminopropylamino)propyl group.


An anionic ganglioside that is the conjugate base of N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-ceramide arising from deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


ractopamine

A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.


An amino nonasaccharide that is the linear hexasaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc in which the mannosyl residue nearest the reducing end has the branched trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man attached at position 6.


BUTOPAMINE

A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the most active of the four diastereoisomers that make up the animal feed additive ractopamine.


ent-butopamine

A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


A BODIPY compound that is 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene substituted at position 5 by a methyl group and at position 3 by a 11-carboxyundecyl group.


biotinylated alpha-gal

Biotin linked to the alpha-gal epitope through a 6-amino-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)hexanamide spacer.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration.


A 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol in which the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has R configuration while the remaining stereocentre has S configuration.


nolinospiroside F

A spirostanyl glycoside that is isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus and exhibits antioxidant properties.


An aromatic amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2-chlorobenzylamine.


deoxyhypusine(2+) residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue cation obtained by protonation of the side-chain amino groups of the deoxyhypusine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(3-oxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetic acid with the amino group of N-methylbenzylamine


Anaerocult(TM)

A mixture typically containing kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth), iron powder, citric acid and sodium carbonate. When moistened with water, it rapidly combines with any oxygen present and produces carbon dioxide. It is used in microbiology to generate an anaerobic atmosphere (e.g. in an appropriate incubation bag) for the cultivation of obligate and faculative anaerobes.


curvularol

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Curvularia sp. RK97-F166.


elemental iron

An elemental molecular entity in which all of the atoms have atomic number 26.


An organic cation that is DH334 lacking the bromide couterion.


An organic cation that is DH335 lacking the bromide couterion.


CENTANAMYCIN

An indolecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5,6,7-trimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid with the 2-amino group of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-2,4-diaminonaphthalene.


A member of the class of quinolones that is 2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a 4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]phenyl group. A potent inhibitor of Toxoplasma gondii growth.


syrbactin

A class of azamacrocyclic natural products with a 2,7-dioxo-1,6-diazacyclododecane skeleton that includes the syringolin, glidobactin and cepafungin natural product families. In addition to their related molecular frameworks, members of the class share similar biosynthesis pathways and identical modes-of-action, being irreversible proteasome inhibitor that inhibit all three activities of eukaryotic proteasomes.


pomecin A

A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is tetradec-9-ene-11,13-diynoic acid in which the terminal acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a 2-furyl group. Shows potent and broad-spectrum activity in vitro against Candida, Aspergillus, and Trichophyton spp.,


A member of the family of pteridines that is 2-amino-6,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-4,8-dihydropteridine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a D-ribityl group.


An amino nonasaccharide that is the linear pentasaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc in which the mannosyl residue nearest the reducing end has the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Man attached at position 6.


An amino nonasaccharide that consists of the disaccharide beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc having a branched heptamannosyl moiety attached at position 4.


An amino octasaccharide that is the linear hexasaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc in which the mannosyl residue nearest the reducing end has the disaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man attached at position 6.


ridaforolimus

A semisynthetic derivative that is sirolimus in which the hydroxy group attached to the cyclohexyl moiety has been converted to the corresponding dimethylphosphinate.


A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by beta-hydroxy and oxo groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


7-oxolithocholic acid

A bile acid that is lithocholic acid carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 7.


monounsaturated fatty acid anion

Any unsaturated fatty acid anion with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain.


3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid

A naphthoic acid that is 1-naphthoic acid carrying additional methoxy and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.


vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside

A trihydroxyflavone that is vitexin having a beta-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of O-[2'-(5-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA]-L-serine residue.


A dihydroxyflavone that is vitexin having a beta-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety and a methyl group attached at the O-7 position of the chromene.


2-oxohept-4-ene-1,7-dioic acid

An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is 2-oxohept-4-ene in which the two terminal methyl groups are replaced by carboxy groups.


A 1,3-thiazole in which the only substituent is a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 5.


An amino disaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 6-position.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)glycerol in which the configuration of the glycerol moiety is such that the acyl groups are at positions 2 and 3 using the Stereospecific Numbering convention.


A 1,2-diacyl-3-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)glycerol(1-) resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfate group of 2,3-diacyl-1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol. The major species at pH 7.3.


A trisaccharide in which three alpha-D-galactopyranuronic acid units are joined via (1->4)-linkages.


A tetraisaccharide in which four alpha-D-galactopyranuronic acid units are joined via (1->4)-linkages.


A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the amino to the carboxy group of 2-[(3S)-3-carboxy-3-(methylamino)propyl]-L-histidine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


A tetrasaccharide derivative that consists of an 4-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucuronosyl residue attached at the 2-position of the non-reducing end of xylotriose.


A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the amino to the carboxy group of 2-[(3S)-3-carboxy-3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-L-histidine residue; major species at pH 7.3.


diphthine betaine residue

A zwitterionic group that is the conjugate base of diphthine residue, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of N-(ADP-alpha-D-ribosyl)diphthamide residue.


suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


oritavancin

A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.


olodaterol

A member of the class of benzoxazine that is 6-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a (1R)-1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) for long-term treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.


idelalisib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia.


vorapaxar

A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.


A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of N(alpha)-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-hercynyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and major species at pH 7.3.


A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of N(alpha)-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-hercynyl-L-selenocysteine and major species at pH 7.3.


hercynylselenocysteine zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from hercynylselenocysteine by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from hercynylcysteine sulfoxide by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


A member of the class of piperidines carrying two aryl substituents (4-chlorophenyl and 4-(pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl) at position 4.


S-aryl-L-cysteine zwitterion

An S-substituted L-cysteine zwitterion in which the S-substitutuent can be any aryl group.


S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion

An S-substituted L-cysteine zwitterion in which the S-substituent can be any alkyl group.


aryl thiol

An aryl thiol is a thiol in which a sulfanyl group, SH, is attached to an aryl group.


A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 4, and 5 are replaced by N-(hydroxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl and p-chlorophenyl groups, respectively.


Am member of the class of imidazoles carrying piperidin-4-yl, 4-fluophenyl and 2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl substituents at posiitons 1, 4 and 5 respectively.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{[1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-7-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl]amino}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of cyclopropylamine.


A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{3-bromo-4-[(2,4-difluorobenzyl)oxy]-6-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of methylamine.


eprazinone

A member of the class of piperazines in which the two amino hydrogens of piperazine are replaced by 2-benzoylpropyl and 2-ethoxy-2-phenylethyl groups.


tedizolid

A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a 2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl group at position 2 and by a 2-fluoro-4-[(5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl group at position 5. It is used as its phosphate pro-drug used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.


efinaconazole

A member of the class of triazoles that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-methylenepiperidin-1-yl groups, respectively (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It is an antifungal drug used for the topical treatment of onychomycosis (a nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes).


empagliflozin

A C-glycosyl compound consisting of a beta-glucosyl residue having a (4-chloro-3-{4-[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]benzyl}phenyl group at the anomeric centre. A sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


dalbavancin

A semisynthetic glycopeptide used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.


levodropropizine

A member of the class of N-arylpiperazines that is N-phenylpiperazine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group (the S-enantiomer). A peripherally acting antitussive drug that is used as an alternative to opioids.


ovothiol A zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from ovothiol A by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


ovothiol B zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from ovothiol B by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


ovothiol C zwitterion

An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from ovothiol C by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


RNA fragment

A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a fragment of a larger RNA molecule (either naturally occurring or synthetic). Phosphono groups may or may not be present at the 3'- and 5'- termini.


5'-GAAACAC-3' RNA fragment

An RNA fragment comprised of one guanosine, four adenosine and two cytidine residues connected by 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages in the sequence G-A-A-A-C-A-C.


An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from S-(5-histidyl)cysteine sulfoxide by transfer of protons from the two carboxy to the two amino grousp; major species at pH 7.3.


Pterin acetylated on N-2 and carrying a formyl group at position 6.


plumbagin

A  hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.


A hexadecenoate that is the conjugate base of (7Z)-hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A dotriacontapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of (14Z,17Z,20Z,23Z,26Z)-dotriacontapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


An N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine in which the N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid component is specified as sphinganine.


An O-(S-acylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)-L-serine(1-) residue in which the S-acyl group is specified as 6-methoxycarbonylhexanoyl.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid component is specified as phytosphingosine.


An N-acylphytosphingosine-1-phosphoethanolamine in which the N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (5Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (8Z,11Z)-icosadienoic acid.


name: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine 5'-monophosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the amino to the phosphate group of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine 5'-monophosphate residue.


aliphatic aldoxime

Any aldoxime derived from an aliphatic aldehyde.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z,12Z)-tetradecadienoic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z,12Z)-pentadecadienoic acid.


An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z,12Z)-heptadecadienoic acid.


cytidine 5'-monophosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of CMP residue, obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.


(6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid

An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds have Z-geochemistry and are located at positions 6 and 9.


cholesteryl stearate

A cholesterol ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group in cholesterol with the carboxy group of stearic acid.


cholesteryl arachidonate

A cholesterol ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group in cholesterol with the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.


eliglustat

A carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.


A 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl.


microcin c

A member of the family of microcins comprising a heptapeptide covalently liinked to 3-aminopropyl-AMP via an acylphosphoramide linkage. A potent inhibitor of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase.


MERTANSINE

An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam that is maytansine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal N-acetyl group is replaced by a sulfanylmethyl group.


A member of the class of naphthoates that is 1-naphthoate substituted at positions 2 and 5 by hydroxy and methyl groups respectively; major species at pH 7.3.


PRODIGIOSIN

A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.


A ketoaldehyde that is octanal carrying an acetyl substituent at position 3 (the S-enantiomer).


maytansinoid

Any member of the group of 19-membered lactams that is maytansine or structurally related to it. Maytansinoids have been isolated from members of the higher plant families Celastraceae, Rhamnaceae, and Euphorbiaceae, as well as some mosses and certain Actinomycetes, but the term is used to cover both naturally occurring compounds and their semisynthetic derivatives.


1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol in which the 1-acyl group is specified as oleoyl.


A 1-acyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(2-) in which the 1-acyl substituent is specified as heptadecanoyl


An O-(S-acylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)serine(1-) residue in which the S-acyl group is specified as S-2-methylbutanoyl.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate(3-) arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate.


A glucosylglycerol consisting of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 2 of glycerol via a glycosidic bond.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 4-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)phenol; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic cation obtained by protonation of the five amino groups of caldopentamine.


An organic cation obtained by protonation of four of the five amino groups of caldopentamine.


PODOCARIC ACID

An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.


An organic cation obtained by protonation of the four amino groups of N(4)-aminopropylspermidine.


A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by protonation of the four primary amino groups of N(4)-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine.


An organic cation obtained by protonation of the five amino groups of N(4)-aminopropylspermine.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate OH groups of (R)-3-phosphomevalonic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate OH groups of (R)-3,5-bisphosphomevalonic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to 5-deoxyribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.


coated silver nanoparticle

Any silver nanoparticle that is specially coated to produce tailored nanoparticles for specific applications.


citrate-coated silver nanoparticle

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by citrate.


benalaxyl-M

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(phenylacetyl)alaninate that is the more active R-enantiomer of benalaxyl.


Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).


gum arabic-coated Ag NP

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by gum arabic.


(S)-benalaxyl

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(phenylacetyl)alaninate that is the less active S-enantiomer of benalaxyl.


PVP8-Ag NP

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by 8 nm thick polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).


PVP38-Ag NP

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by 38 nm thick polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).


GA5-Ag NP

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by 5 nm thick gum arabic.


GA22-Ag NP

Any coated Ag nanoparticle in which the the silver nanoparticles are encapsulated by 22 nm thick gum arabic.


(R)-furalaxyl

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-2-furoylalaninate that has R configuration.


(S)-furalaxyl

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-2-furoylalaninate that has S configuration.


(S)-metalaxyl

A methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate that is the less active S-enantiomer of metalaxyl.


(R)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the R-enantiomer of ofurace.


(S)-ofurace

A 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide that is the S-enantiomer of ofurace.


gamma-methyl L-glutamate residue

An alpha-amino-acid residue derived from gamma-methyl glutamate.


cembrene C

A fourteen-membered macrocyclic diterpene consisting of 12-isopropylidene-1,5,9-trimethylcyclotetradecane having three endocyclic double bonds located at positions 1, 5 and 9.


(R)-nephthenol

A cembrane diterpenoid obtained by regio- and stereoselective hydration of the exocyclic double bond of cembrene C.


A fourteen-membered macrocyclic diterpene consisting of 1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclotetradecane having three endocyclic double bonds located at positions 1, 5 and 9.


A fifteen-membered macrocyclic diterpenoid consisting of (1S,4E,8E,12E)-cyclopentadeca-4,8,12-trien-1-ol carrying five additional methyl substituents at positions 2, 2, 5, 9 and 13.


agrocinopine

A subclass of opines, which are low molecular weight compounds found in plant crown gall tumours or hairy root tumours produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium. Agrocinopines are set of sugar phosphodiester opines known to induce transfer of another Ti plasmid, pTiBo542.


opine

A large family of low molecular weight compounds most commonly found in plant crown gall tumours or hairy root tumours produced by parasitic bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium. They are also found in marine invertebrates, fungi, higher plants and mammals.


agrocinopine A

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of sucrose and L-arabinose units joined via a  phosphodiester linkage between position 4(F) of sucrose and position 2 of arabinose.


agrocinopine B

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of beta-D-fructose and L-arabinose units joined via a phosphodiester linkage between position 4 of fructose and position 2 of arabinose.


agrocinopine C

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of sucrose and D-glucose units joined via a phosphodiester linkage between position 4(F) of sucrose and position 2 of glucose.


agrocinopine D

A member of the class of agrocinopines that consists of two D-glucose units joined via a (2<->2)-phosphodiester linkage.


agrocin 84

A nucleotide conjugate that is produced by Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K-84. A 'Trojan horse' antibiotic used to control crown gall.


N-palmitoylhexadecasphinganine

An N-acylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).


N-stearoylhexadecasphinganine

An N-acylhexadecasphinganine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen of the dimethylaminoethyl substituent of diltiazem. The major species at pH 7.3.


L-(cis)-diltiazem

A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is a cGMP-activated K+ channel blocker.


A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3-(methylthio)propanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen of the dimethylaminoethyl substituent of ent-diltiazem. The major species at pH 7.3.


A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine aldehyde. It is a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II, and is also a gamma-secretase inhibitor.


hexadecasphingosine-based sphingolipid

A family of sphingolipids that share a common structural feature, a hexadecasphingosine base backbone.


hexadecasphinganine-based sphingolipid

A family of sphingolipids that share a common structural feature, a hexadecasphinganine base backbone.


mollisoside A

A triterpene glycoside obtained from the New Zealand and South Australian sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis.


naphthodithiin

An organic heterotricyclic compound whose skeleton contains a naphthalene fused with a dithiin.


URSOLALDEHYDE

A pentacyclic triterpenoid and hydroxyaldehyde that is erythrodiol in which the primary hydroxy group at position 28 has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde. It is found in grapes and olives.


oleanolate

A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of oleanolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


sphinganine-based sphingolipid

A family of sphingolipids that share a common structural feature, a sphinganine base backbone.


sphingosine-based sphingolipid

A family of sphingolipids that share a common structural feature, a sphingosine base backbone.


name: queuosine 5'-phosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of queuosine 5'-phosphate residue.


(5Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoic acid

An icosatrienoic acid in which the three double bonds have Z configuration and are located at positions 5, 11 and 14.


name: 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine 5'-phosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine 5'-phosphate residue.


name: epoxyqueuosine 5'-phosphate zwitterion residue

description: A zwitterionic group obtained by transfer of a proton from the phosphate to the amino group of epoxyqueuosine 5'-phosphate residue.


(5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid

An icosatetraenoic acid in which the four double bonds have Z configuration and are located at positions 5, 11, 14 and 17.


(9Z)-hexacosenoic acid

A hexacosenoic acid in which the double bond is located at position 9 and has Z configuration.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoleoyl respectively.


D-lyxopyranose

The pyranose form of D-lyxose.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and myristoyl respectively.


N-octanoyldihydrosphingosine

A dihydroceramide in which the N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


N-octanoylphytosphingosine

A phytoceramide in which the N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.


guazatine

A mixture of products resulting from the amidination of iminodi(ocatmethylene)diamine that contains iminoctadine together with a number of guanidines and polyamines.


A UDP-amino sugar having 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucopyranose as the amino sugar component.


A UDP-amino sugar having 2,3-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine as the amino sugar component.


docosatrienoic acid

Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 3 double bonds


N-hexacosenoylsphingosine

An N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl moiety contains 26 carbons and 1 double bond.


A 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate in which both phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.


A 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate in which both phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as octanoyl.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


phthalimides

A dicarboximide that is phthalimide or derivatives obtained from it by the formal replacement of one or more hydrogens.


inosine 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of inosine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


(S)-zoxamide

A 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of zoxamide.


(R)-zoxamide

A 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of zoxamide.


ethaboxam

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-ethaboxam.  A fungicide used to control Oomycetes in vines and late potato blight. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic species, honey bees and earthworms.


A member of the class of aromatic amides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with the amino group of amino(2-thienyl)acetonitrile.


(S)-ethaboxam

An N-[cyano(2-thienyl)methyl]-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of ethaboxam.


(R)-ethaboxam

An N-[cyano(2-thienyl)methyl]-4-ethyl-2-(ethylamino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide that is the (R)-enantiomer of ethaboxam.


diflumetorim

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-diflumetorim.  Used mainly to control powdery mildew and rust on ornamental crops.


A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 5-chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-4-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]propyl group.


eberconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-eberconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) for topical treatment of superficial mycoses.


fenticonazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenticonazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.


flutrimazole

An imidazole antifungal agent that is imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,4'-difluorotrityl group. A topical antifungal agent which displays potent broad-spectrum in vitro activity against dermatophytes, filamentous fungi and yeasts.


isoconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-isoconazole. A broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of dermatomycoses.


sertaconazole

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.


(R)-diflumetorim

A 5-chloro-N-{1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]propyl}-6-methylpyrimidin-4-amine that is the (R)-enantiomer of diflumetorim.


(S)-diflumetorim

A 5-chloro-N-{1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]propyl}-6-methylpyrimidin-4-amine that has  S configuration.


(24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol ester

A sterol ester consiting of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol esterified at the 3-hydroxy group.


(S)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (S)-enantiomer of econazole.


N-acyltetradecasphinganine

A ceramide consisting of tetradecasphinganine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A sterol ester that is the 3-linoleoyl derivative of (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol.


A ceramide consisting of tetradecasphing-4-enine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


(R)-econazole

A 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole that is the (R)-enantiomer of econazole.


A cationic sphingoid that is the conjugate acid of tetradecasphingosine, obtained by protonation of the primary amino function; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of tetradecaphytosphingosine, obtained by protonation of the primary amino function; major species at pH 7.3.


N-acyltetradecaphytosphingosine

A ceramide consisting of tetradecaphytosphinganine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


N-acylhexadecasphinganine

A dihydroceramide consisting of an hexadecasphinganine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of any 2'-O-methylnucleotide 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


nucleotide 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of any nucleotide 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


N-acylhexadecasphingosine

A ceramide consisting of an hexadecasphing-4-enine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


N-acylhexadecaphytosphingosine

A ceramide consisting of an hexadecaphytosphingosine base having an unspecified fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as tetradecasphinganine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as tetradecasphingosine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as tetradecaphytosphingosine.


(R)-MICONAZOLE

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has R configuration.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as hexadecasphinganine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as hexadecasphingosine.


(S)-miconazole

A 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole that has S) configuration.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as hexadecaphytosphingosine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as 15-methylhexadecasphinganine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as icosasphinganine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as icosasphingosine.


A sphingomyelin in which the sphingoid component is specified as icosaphytosphingosine.


A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-aminophenylglyoxylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acyltetradecasphingosine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acylhexadecasphingosine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acylicosasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acylicosaphytosphingosine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


A ceramide phosphoethanolamine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the phospho to the amino group of any N-acyltetradecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3.


thymol sulfate

An organic sulfate of thymol.


A glycine derivative that is the carboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with 2-furoic acid.


A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.


p-cresol sulfate

An aryl sulfate that is p-cresol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.