name: childhood vagina botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: vulvar childhood botryoid-type embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in female children. The neoplasm arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


basal ganglia disorder

description: A disease involving the basal ganglia.


colon Kaposi sarcoma

description: A Kaposi sarcoma arising from the colon.


juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma

description: A pilocytic astrocytoma that occurs during adolescence.


childhood pilocytic astrocytoma

description: A pilocytic astrocytoma that occurs during childhood.


compartment syndrome

description: Elevated pressure in a confined space enclosed by fascia or eschar, which may lead to vascular compromise and subsequent ischemic injury to the tissue within the space.


motor nerve neuritis

description: Inflammation of the peripheral motor nerves.


rete ovarii adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the rete ovarii. It is composed of elongated tubules. The clinical course is benign.


rete ovarii cystadenofibroma

description: An exceptionally rare cystadenofibroma that arises from the rete ovarii.


breast intraductal proliferative lesion

description: A group of non-invasive epithelial proliferations that occur in the ductal system of the breast. The vast majority of cases arise in the terminal ductal lobular units. This category includes atypical ductal hyperplasia, usual ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia, and ductal carcinoma in situ. There is an increased risk for subsequent development of invasive breast carcinoma.


flat ductal epithelial atypia

description: A breast lesion characterized by the presence of dilated terminal ductal lobular units in which the epithelial lining has been replaced by a single layer of mildly atypical cells, or there is atypical, monotonous epithelial hyperplasia of three to five layers. This lesion relates to columnar cell change with atypia and columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia.


name: kidney pelvis sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma

description: An infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis and exhibits sarcomatoid features.


name: infiltrating renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive urothelial carcinoma that affects the renal pelvis and ureter.


adult botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in adults. The neoplasm arises from organs containing a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma.


name: adult vagina botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the vagina. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules with an abundant myxoid stroma. It occurs in female adults.


ethmoid sinus ectopic meningioma

description: An extremely rare meningioma that arises as a primary ectopic tumor in the ethmoid sinus.


pineal region teratoma

description: A mature or immature teratoma that arises in the pineal region.


pineal region mature teratoma

description: A mature teratoma that arises from the pineal region.


name: oxyphilic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of eosinophilic malignant glandular epithelial cells.


mediastinal gray zone lymphoma

description: A mediastinal lymphoma with molecular, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features of both mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The identification of this group of lymphomas, along with recent gene expression profiling results (PDL2 gene expression in both mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma tissues and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines), further supports the hypothesis that mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphomas and classical Hodgkin lymphomas are related entities.


mediastinal malignant lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the mediastinum. Representative examples include mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.


parasagittal meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the superior sagittal sinus and invades the parasagittal angle.


spinal cord neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma that affects the spinal cord.


skin tag

description: A small, benign growth that arises from the skin. It is characterized by the presence of fibrovascular tissue lined by epidermis. It may be sessile or pendulous and usually occurs in sites where there is friction.


small intestinal fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the small intestine. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


ureter transitional cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the transitional epithelium of the ureter. It is associated with tobacco use and usually presents with gross or microscopic hematuria.


ovarian seromucinous carcinoma

description: A malignant mixed epithelial neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is composed predominantly of serous and endocervical-type mucinous epithelium.


eye lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that involves the eye.


glomangiomatosis

description: A benign multifocal proliferation of glomus cells forming clusters around dilated vascular spaces.


dental enamel hypoplasia

description: Deficiency in the enamel tissue that results in the formation of grooves, pits, or dents on the surface of the affected teeth.


name: papillary extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma


urinary bladder inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the bladder in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue, which often causes hematuria.


urothelial papilloma

description: A rare benign condition, characterized by a papillary growth in the urinary tract with a central fibrovascular core. The latter is lined by normal urothelium.


urethra inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the urethra in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue.


ureter inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the ureter in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue, which often causes hematuria.


ureter urothelial papilloma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm that produces visible warty projections from the epithelial surface of the ureter.


pediatric intraocular retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma during childhood that has not spread beyond the eye.


childhood brain meningioma

description: A brain meningioma that occurs during childhood.


sphenoidal sinus neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the sphenoid sinus. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include Schneiderian papilloma and salivary gland-type adenoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma and lymphoma.


immature gastric teratoma

description: A malignant teratoma that arises from the stomach.


combat disorder

description: Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.


telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma usually arising from the metaphysis of long bones. It is characterized by the presence of a cystic architecture with blood-filled spaces. The prognosis is similar to that of conventional osteosarcoma.


aleukemic monocytic leukemia cutis

description: Aleukemic leukemia cutis where the skin in infiltrated by neoplastic monocytes.


rectal cloacogenic carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the transitional zone at the junction of the rectum and anus.


bartholin gland squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant squamous epithelial cells.


bladder papillary urothelial carcinoma

description: An invasive or non-invasive papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. It is classified as low - or high-grade. -- 2003


name: micropapillary variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: An infiltrating bladder transitional cell carcinoma exhibiting micropapillary growth pattern. -- 2003


pancreatic cholera

description: A rare syndrome characterized by severe watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria. It is caused by the oversecretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide from the pancreatic islet cells.


dentin sensitivity

description: Pain or discomfort caused by exposure of the dentin layer of tooth to thermal, tactile, or other stimuli.


peripheral epithelioid sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma involving the extremities. It usually presents as nodular masses in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues or in the tendons and fascia. It frequently recurs and metastasizes to other anatomic sites. The most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, and brain.


intermediate cell type uveal melanoma

description: Uveal melanoma characterized by the presence of intermediate cells which are similar to but smaller than epithelioid cells.


intermediate cell type iris melanoma

description: Iris melanoma characterized by the presence of intermediate cells which are similar to but smaller than epithelioid cells.


iris melanoma

description: A uveal melanoma that arises from the iris. It is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the iris. The majority arise in preexisting nevi.


intermediate cell type choroid melanoma

description: Choroid melanoma characterized by the presence of intermediate cells which are similar to but smaller than epithelioid cells.


name: intermediate cell type ciliary body melanoma

description: Ciliary body melanoma characterized by the presence of intermediate cells which are similar to but smaller than epithelioid cells.


gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the gallbladder. It is characterized by the presence of extracellular mucin that constitutes more than fifty-percent of the tumor.


name: inborn mitochondrial metabolism disorder

description: Diseases caused by abnormal function of the mitochondria. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial dna or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.


childhood cerebral astrocytoma

description: An astrocytoma, without designation of benign or malignant, that is found in the supratentorial region. The infratentorial location is more common in children.


ovarian mucinous cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


infiltrating lipoma

description: A benign tumor, composed of lobules of mature adipocytes, that penetrates the surrounding tissue from which it arises. There is usually a higher local recurrence rate when compared with non-infiltrating lipomas.


tendon sheath lipoma

description: A benign tumor, composed of mature adipocytes, that arises within the tendon sheath.


lumbosacral lipoma

description: A benign well-circumscribed tumor, composed of lobules of mature adipocytes, that arises within the lumbosacral tissue of the spine.


description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that produces abundant mucin.


lung mucous gland adenoma

description: A benign adenomatous neoplasm that arises from the mucous glands in the bronchus.


glottis squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the glottic area. It may remain localized for a long period then in late disease stage, it may spread to the opposite true vocal cord, supraglottic and subglottic areas, and the soft tissues of the neck. Hoarseness is the presenting symptom.


name: extrahepatic bile duct clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelium composed of clear cells.


childhood immature teratoma of ovary

description: An immature teratoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


description: A rare cutaneous lesion presenting as a scaly verrucous plaque. Morphologically, the plaque contains nests of basaloid cells.


choroid epithelioid cell melanoma

description: A epithelioid cell melanoma that involves the optic choroid.


ciliary body epithelioid cell melanoma

description: A epithelioid cell melanoma that involves the ciliary body.


basaloid large cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of a solid nodular or anastomotic trabecular growth pattern, peripheral palisading, and comedo type necrosis.


cervical basaloid carcinoma

description: An aggressive variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid squamous cells with scant amount of cytoplasm.


basaloid carcinoma of the penis

description: An aggressive, human papillomavirus-related squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of nests of small malignant cells. The malignant cells tend to invade deeply into the adjacent tissues. Comedo-type necrosis is often present.


vulvar basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of nests of malignant basaloid cells with a scant amount of cytoplasm.


skin basaloid carcinoma

description: A basaloid squamous cell carcinoma that involves the zone of skin.


thymic basaloid carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of tumor cell lobules with peripheral palisading, and a basophilic staining pattern. More than half of reported cases were associated with the presence of a multilocular thymic cyst. Metastases to lung and liver have been reported in approximately 30% of cases.


esophageal basaloid carcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, it is composed of closely packed cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant basophilic cytoplasm. It has a similar prognosis to the conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. (WHO)


multiple skull base meningioma

description: Multiple meningiomas that affect the skull base.


B-cell neoplasm

description: A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.


spinal cord dermoid cyst

description: A dermoid cyst that involves the spinal cord.


name: malignant melanocytic peripheral nerve sheath tumor of mediastinum

description: A rare variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor that arises from the mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that contain melanin.


adult cystic teratoma

description: A cystic teratoma that occurs in an adult.


name: lung mixed small cell and squamous cell carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma characterized by a combination of small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.


name: multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma

description: A papillary carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland from multiple foci.


name: columnar cell variant thyroid gland papillary carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of pseudostratified malignant follicular cells.


name: tall cell variant thyroid gland papillary carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of tall malignant follicular cells, arranged in papillary and trabecular patterns. Necrotic changes and high mitotic activity are present.


name: splenic manifestation of hairy cell leukemia

description: A hairy cell leukemia that involves the spleen.


childhood epithelioid sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma occurring in childhood.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, macrocystic pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of collections of thin-walled spaces.


splenic manifestation of leukemia

description: A leukemia (disease) that involves the spleen.


diaphragma sellae meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the diaphragma sellae.


epiglottis neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the epiglottis.


refractory hairy cell leukemia

description: Hairy cell leukemia that is resistant to treatment.


refractory hematologic cancer

description: A hematologic malignancy that is resistant to treatment.


radiation cystitis

description: Inflammation of the bladder due to irradiation.


name: urinary bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A highly aggressive carcinoma, histologically resembling small cell lung carcinoma. In most cases it is associated with carcinoma in situ.


name: esophageal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


name: ampulla of vater small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the ampulla of Vater and the periampullary region. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells, necrosis, and a high mitotic rate. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


cystitis cystica

description: A reactive inflammatory disorder affecting the bladder. It is characterized by the development of small cysts in the bladder wall. The cysts are lined by urothelial cells.


Bartholin gland small cell carcinoma

description: A rare neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells and high mitotic activity.


thymus small cell carcinoma

description: An aggressive, small cell, poorly differentiated thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, characterized by the presence of a high mitotic rate and numerous apoptotic bodies.


prostate stromal sarcoma

description: A rare malignant neoplasm arising from specialized prostatic stroma. It is characterized by the presence of stromal overgrowth and hypercellularity, increased number of mitotic figures, and pleomorphism.


rectum leiomyoma

description: A well-circumscribed benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


thyroiditis

description: Inflammation of the thyroid gland. This category includes Hashimoto thyroiditis, Riedel thyroiditis, acute thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, and radiation-induced thyroiditis.


lung occult adenocarcinoma

description: A lung adenocarcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


lung occult large cell carcinoma

description: A large cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


cloacogenic carcinoma

description: An anal carcinoma arising from the transitional zone of the anal canal.


anus basaloid carcinoma

description: An anal squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and peripheral nuclear palisading.


anal verrucous carcinoma

description: A large, well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with a cauliflower-like appearance, characterized by the presence of an exophytic and endophytic growth pattern. Morphologically, there is papillomatosis and acanthosis present, however cytologically the neoplastic squamous cells have a benign appearance. Dysplastic changes are minimal. It does not respond to conservative treatment and it is regarded by many authors as an intermediate lesion between condyloma acuminatum and squamous cell carcinoma.


anal canal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the mucosa of the anal canal.


name: pituitary gland mixed eosinophil-basophil adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland in which the neoplastic cells stain positive with acidic and basic dyes.


benign dermal neurilemmoma

description: A benign schwannoma occurring in the skin.


subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis

description: Thyroiditis associated with painless enlargement of the thyroid gland. It occurs more frequently in females and is characterized by alterations between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and the eventual return to normal thyroid gland function.


ovarian endometrioid cystadenoma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by endometrial-type well-differentiated cells.


normocytic anemia

description: Anemia in which the red blood cell volume is normal.


intermediate malignant teratoma

description: An immature teratoma characterized by the presence of an intermediate amount of undifferentiated tissues.


name: lung combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A subtype of large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of large neuroendocrine cells in combination with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma and/ or spindle cell carcinoma.


psammomatous meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of psammoma bodies that predominate over the meningeal cells.


fibrous meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of spindle cells that form bundles in a collagen matrix.


meningothelial meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of tumor cells that form lobules. The tumor cells are generally uniform. Whorls and psammoma bodies are usually not present.


transitional meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the coexistence of meningothelial cells and fibrous architectural patterns.


noninvasive malignant thymoma

description: A morphologically malignant thymoma that is entirely confined within the capsule.


name: gallbladder papillary neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: An intraluminal papillary neoplasm, usually with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, that arises from the gallbladder. It is associated with the presence of an invasive carcinoma. The carcinomatous component is usually an adenocarcinoma.


name: gallbladder pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma


breast giant fibroadenoma

description: A breast fibroadenoma characterized by a very large size. This term has also been used as a synonym for juvenile fibroadenoma by some authors. The latter is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and an increased stromal cellularity.


spinal meninges cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the meninx of spinal cord.


name: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma with immunoglobulin heavy chain variable-region gene somatic hypermutation

description: A recently recognized variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) expressing somatic hypermutations of the Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes. The recognition of this variant alters the belief that CLL/SLL is always derived from a naive, pregerminal center B-cell. The presence of somatic hypermutations of IGH genes occurs in approximately 50% of CLL/SLL cases and implies a postgerminal center, memory origin. Patients with this variant of CLL/SLL have a favorable prognosis, with a reported median survival of more than 24 years.


name: childhood central nervous system embryonal carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


name: adult central nervous system embryonal carcinoma

description: A embryonal carcinoma of the central nervous system that occurs in an adult.


pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A mucinous cystadenocarcinoma that involves the pancreas.


name: pancreatic mucinous-cystic neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A cystic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of columnar mucin-producing epithelial cells, ovarian-type stroma formation, and a focal or extensive invasive carcinomatous component.


name: pancreatic non-invasive mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A non-invasive malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. It occurs almost exclusively in women. Small tumors are usually found incidentally. Larger tumors usually produce symptoms related to compression of the adjacent structures. It is characterized by the presence of columnar, mucin-producing epithelial cells which often form papillary projections with irregular branching and budding. There is cellular stratification, severe dysplasia, and high mitotic activity present. Complete surgical removal is usually associated with an excellent prognosis.


female stress incontinence

description: The involuntary loss of urine in females secondary to insufficient strength of the pelvic floor muscles; this can result from physical changes following pregnancy and childbirth, or as a response to a decrease in estrogen during menopause.


uterine corpus apoplectic leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of uterine corpus leiomyoma characterized by zones of hemorrhagic infarction surrounded by hypercellular areas. It usually develops in women of childbearing years, particularly those that are pregnant, post-partum, or taking oral contraceptives.


uterine corpus cellular leiomyoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyoma arising from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by a dense cellular infiltrate composed of spindle or round cells with scant cytoplasm and a less obvious interlacing fascicle pattern.


bladder urachal urothelial carcinoma

description: A transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder that arises from the urachal epithelium.


name: lymphoepithelioma-like acinar prostate adenocarcinoma

description: A variant of prostate carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells forming syncytial patterns and dense lymphocytic infiltrates.


selective IgD deficiency disease

description: A rare dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of immunoglobulin class D (IgD). It is an uncommon primary antibody deficiency. It is most likely an inherited immunodeficiency. It may be caused by decreased or inefficient production of IgD from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. Most affected persons are asymptomatic and do not appear to be at increased risk for infection.


hereditary fallopian tube carcinoma

description: Fallopian tube carcinoma that has developed in relatives of patients that have a history of fallopian tube carcinoma.


cribriform variant testicular seminoma

description: A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in cribriform patterns and few lymphocytes.


premenstrual tension

description: A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of pms are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.


uterine corpus adenocarcinofibroma

description: A adenocarcinofibroma that involves the body of uterus.


adenocarcinoma of skene gland origin

description: A rare adenocarcinoma arising from Skene gland. It presents as a periurethral or anterior vaginal submucosal mass. It is characterized by morphological features similar to prostate adenocarcinoma.


name: secretory uterine corpus endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: An endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from the endometrium. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells containing glycogen vacuoles which are usually subnuclear and reminiscent of early secretory endometrium.


name: mucin-rich endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma


childhood extraosseous osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the soft tissue, and occurring during childhood.


benign urethral neoplasm

description: Abnormal growth of the cells of the urethra (lower urinary tract) without malignant characteristics.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, endodermal sinus pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of connective tissue stalks that contain a blood vessel and are lined by cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli.


benign urinary system neoplasm

description: A non-metastasizing neoplasm that arises from the organs that comprise the urinary system. Representative examples include renal oncocytoma, bladder inverted papilloma, and urothelial papilloma.


breast adenomyoepithelial adenosis

description: An uncommon variant of breast adenosis characterized by the presence of irregularly shaped glands, epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, and prominent myopepithelial cells. Mild atypia may be present.


stage IVb bladder cancer

description: Stage IV includes T4b, NO,MO/any T NI, MO/ any T N2 MO,/ any T N3 MO/ any T any N M1 : T4b: Tumor invades the pelvic wall, abdominal wall. N1: Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension. N2: Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph nodes, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. N3: Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension. M1: Distant metastasis.


axonal neuropathy

description: Any nerve disorder affecting the axon of a nerve.


urethral disorder

description: A disease involving the urethra.


ovarian serous cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by serous epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


cranial nodular fasciitis

description: A rare self-limiting, rapidly growing, non-encapsulated benign neoplasm that arises from the cranium. This is an osteolytic lesion. It is characterized by the presence of plump spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, red blood cell extravasation, and high mitotic activity.


nodular fasciitis

description: A self-limiting, rapidly growing, non-encapsulated benign neoplasm that arises from the soft tissues. It is characterized by the presence of plump spindle-shaped fibroblasts, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, red blood cell extravasation, and high mitotic activity.


iris spindle cell melanoma

description: A spindle cell melanoma that involves the iris.


esophageal tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the esophagus.


nephrogenic adenoma of urinary bladder

description: A metaplastic lesion of the urothelium found in the urinary bladder. It is characterized by the presence of aggregates of cuboidal or hobnail cells and represents a reaction of the urothelium to injury caused by instrumentation, surgery or calculi.


nephrogenic adenoma

description: So-called nephrogenic adenoma is a distinct metaplastic lesion of the urothelium characterized by aggregates of cuboidal or hobnail cells. These cells line thin papillary fronds on the surface or form tubular structures within the lamina propria.


urethra cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the urethra


pediatric ovarian dysgerminoma

description: A dysgerminoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


ovarian stromal hyperthecosis

description: A non-neoplastic disorder that usually affects postmenopausal women. It is characterized by the leuteinization of ovarian stromal cells. The ovaries are bilaterally involved and enlarged. When it affects women in reproductive age, it causes virilization, high blood pressure, and increased insulin levels.


thymic dysplasia

description: The developmental arrest and architectural distortion of the thymus that results in immunodeficiency.


rectal sarcomatoid carcinoma

description: A biphasic rectal carcinoma with a spindle cell, sarcomatoid component.


male urethral cancer

description: A cancer involving a male urethra.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, solid pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of aggregates of polygonal malignant cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli.


name: vulvar keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the presence of keratin pearls.


superficial urinary bladder carcinoma

description: A term used by urologists to describe an infiltrating carcinoma of the bladder that has not invaded into the muscularis propria of the bladder wall regardless of histologic type or grade.


pituitary hypoplasia

description: Incomplete development of the pituitary gland.


adrenal medulla carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the adrenal medulla


female urethral cancer

description: A cancer that involves the female urethra.


squamous cell skin papilloma

description: A squamous papilloma that involves the zone of skin.


pulmonary vein leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the pulmonary vein. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the pulmonary artery It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


superior vena cava leiomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive malignant smooth muscle neoplasm, arising from the superior vena cava. It is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells.


name: cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor

description: A central nervous system embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified arising from the cerebral hemispheres.


name: colonic L-cell glucagon-like peptide producing tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the colon and produces glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


name: L-cell glucagon-like peptide-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the gastrointestinal tract and produces glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


vulvar keratoacanthoma-like carcinoma

description: A rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is self-limited and is characterized by the presence of a central crater that contains squamous cells. The proliferating squamous cells infiltrate the dermis below and produce keratin masses that are pushed towards the surface of the tumor.


name: vulvar non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the absence of keratin pearls.


ovarian endometrioid cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by endometrial-type well-differentiated cells in a fibrotic stroma.


cutaneous anthrax

description: An anthrax disease that results in infection located in skin, has material basis in Bacillus anthracis, which is transmitted by contact with infected animals or animal products. The infection has symptom skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center.


pineal region germinoma

description: A germinoma that arises from the pineal gland.


childhood brain germinoma

description: A germinoma arising from the brain during childhood.


childhood germ cell brain tumor

description: A germ cell tumor arising from brain during childhood.


name: polyvesicular vitelline pattern testicular yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of collections of vesicles that are surrounded by connective tissue.


name: endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindled epithelial cells

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of spindled malignant epithelial cells.


name: uterine corpus perivascular epithelioid cell tumor

description: A neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation arising from the uterine corpus wall.


ovarian clear cell cystadenocarcinoma

description: A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of clear and hobnail cells and cystic structures.


polyp of middle ear

description: A benign polypoid growth in the middle ear.


name: monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance

description: A condition characterized by the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy (MG) in which the clonal mass has not reached a predefined state in which the condition is considered malignant. Up to 25% of cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) progress to a B-cell malignancy or myeloma. MGUS may occur in conjunction with various carcinomas, chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions, and other diseases.


epididymal adenomatoid tumor

description: A benign, usually asymptomatic small mesothelial tumor that arises from the epididymis.


name: acantholytic variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by cellular discohesion resulting in a pseudoangiosarcomatous pattern.


adenomatoid tumor

description: A benign neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells. It is characterized by the formation of glandular and tubular patterns. It can occur in several anatomic sites including the pleura, peritoneum, and epididymis.


name: spindle cell variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped malignant cells.


name: large cell keratinizing variant squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells that exhibit keratinization.


childhood pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A rare aggressive rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children. The neoplasm is characterized by the presence of bizarre round, spindle, and polygonal cells.


name: chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK-cells

description: An Epstein-Barr virus negative disorder with a chronic clinical course affecting predominantly adults and characterized by the proliferation of large granular lymphocytes with natural killer cell immunophenotype. The T-cell receptor genes are not rearranged.


diverticulitis

description: An infection that develops in the diverticula of the intestinal tract. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis.


duodenal somatostatinoma

description: A somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the duodenum. It is characterized by the presence of tubulo-glandular structures.


name: large cell carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype

description: A rare poorly differentiated morphologic variant of large cell lung carcinoma characterized by the presence of rhabdoid cells.


petrous apex meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the petrous apex.


name: cervical keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

description: A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of keratin pearls. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization are usually present.


posterior urethra cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the portion of the urethra that is close to the bladder.


Osgood-Schlatter disease

description: Osteochondrosis of the growth plate near the tibial tuberosity.


name: vulvar proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma of the proximal type involving the vulva.


proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma predominantly involving the pelvis, perineum, and genital organs. It tends to have a more aggressive clinical course as compared to the more frequently seen distal-type epithelioid sarcoma.


ependymal tumor of brain

description: A tumor arising from the ependymal lining of the ventricles.


peptic ulcer disease

description: A digestive system disease characterized by discontinuation in the inner lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of gastric acid secretion or pepsin.


pediatric infratentorial ependymoma

description: An ependymoma that arises from the infratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.


pediatric supratentorial ependymoma

description: An ependymoma that arises from the supratentorial region of the brain and occurs during childhood.


name: extrahepatic bile duct papillary adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


small intestine neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the small intestine. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma.


name: small intestinal L-cell glucagon-like peptide producing tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces glucagon-like peptides. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells forming tubular or trabecular patterns.


intraductal breast papillomatosis

description: A benign breast neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of multiple papillomas within the lumen of the ducts.


Wolffian adnexal tumor

description: A benign or malignant epithelial neoplasm of probable Wolffian origin. It predominantly arises from the broad ligament and presents as a unilateral adnexal mass.


name: lumbar spinal canal and spinal cord meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises from the meninges of the lumbar region of the spinal cord.


name: childhood central nervous system mixed germ cell tumor

description: A mixed germ cell tumor that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


female orgasmic disorder

description: A sexual disorder in which a woman fails to achieve orgasm during sexual intercourse.


endocervical carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the endocervix.


peptic ulcer perforation

description: Penetration of a peptic ulcer through the wall of duodenum or stomach allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the peritoneal cavity.


periductal breast myoepitheliosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells around small breast ducts.


breast myoepitheliosis

description: A multifocal neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells within and/or around small breast ducts.


description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered that arises from the infratentorial region and occurs in children.


acute endometritis

description: An acute, usually bacterial infection affecting the endometrium. It is characterized by the presence of neutrophils or microabscesses in the endometrial glands. Symptoms include fever, lower abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge.


anal gland adenocarcinoma

description: An anal adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the anal glands. The overlying anal mucosa does not show evidence of neoplastic changes.


squamous papillomatosis

description: A benign squamous neoplasm characterized by a papillary growth pattern, diffusely involving a specific anatomic site.


breast ductal adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed neoplasm that is located within the lumen of a duct in the breast parenchyma. It is characterized by the presence of glandular structures at the periphery and fibrous tissue at the center of the tumor.


pregnancy adenoma

description: A tubular type adenoma of the breast in which, during pregnancy and lactation, the epithelial cells show extensive secretory changes.


urinary bladder tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the urinary bladder.


breast apocrine adenoma

description: A rare, benign and well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelial cells with extensive apocrine metaplasia.


name: mixed epithelial/mesenchymal metaplastic breast carcinoma

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal cellular component. The mesenchymal cellular component ranges from cartilaginous and osseous, to purely sarcomatous.


name: osteosarcoma arising in bone Paget disease

description: A sarcomatous transformation of pre-existing Paget disease of the bone. Osteosarcomas arising from Paget disease of the bone are high grade lesions and usually have a poor prognosis.


ceruminoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm derived from ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal. It presents as a gray mass covered by skin. It is characterized by a proliferation of glands composed of cells with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm.


gonorrhea

description: A common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse. Infected individuals may be asymptomatic. Symptoms in males include burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and painful swelling of the testes. Symptoms in females include painful urination, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding between periods. If untreated, the infection may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.


name: infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma sarcomatoid variant

description: An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder that exhibits spindle cell sarcomatoid features.


glossopharyngeal motor neuropathy

description: Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with syncope. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1390)


vulvar eccrine porocarcinoma

description: An eccrine porocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


vulvar clear cell hidradenocarcinoma

description: A vulvar sweat gland carcinoma characterized by the presence of clear cells.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma

description: A malignant glandular neoplasm arising from the exocrine pancreas. Microscopically it is characterized by the presence of mucoid stroma formation, papillary patterns, and cystic changes. It has been associated with KRAS and Tp53 gene mutations.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm

description: A usually slow-growing epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that arises from the exocrine pancreas and grows mostly within the pancreatic ducts. Grossly, it is characterized by the presence of intraductal masses. Morphologically, there is proliferation of mucin-producing cells within the pancreatic ducts, intraductal accumulation of mucin, and a papillary growth pattern. It may be associated with the presence of an invasive carcinoma. It usually occurs in older patients. Signs and symptoms include epigastric pain, weight loss, jaundice, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes mellitus.


pancreatic foamy gland adenocarcinoma

description: A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of adenocarcinoma cells with foamy cytoplasm.


scirrhous breast carcinoma

description: An infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma associated with stromal fibrosis.


glottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the glottic area of the larynx. It usually presents with hoarseness.


subglottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the subglottic area of the larynx.


subglottis squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the subglottic area. Symptoms include dyspnea and stridor. It spreads to the hypopharynx, trachea, and thyroid gland.


supraglottis verrucous carcinoma

description: An exophytic, slow growing, well differentiated and non-metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma with pushing margins that arises from the supraglottic area of the larynx.


supraglottis squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the supraglottic area. Signs and symptoms include dysphagia, a sensation of foreign body in the throat, and hemoptysis. It spreads to the space anterior to the epiglottis, pyriform sinus, and base of the tongue.


gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma

description: A rare malignant trophoblastic tumor that arises from the ovary as a result of ectopic ovarian pregnancy. There is no germ cell component present.


asbestos-related lung carcinoma

description: A carcinoma arising in the lung due to exposure to asbestos.


description: A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of islands of cells with uniform, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli and a dense lymphocytic infiltrate.


lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma

description: A rare, usually aggressive primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by a syncytial growth of undifferentiated carcinoma cells and the presence of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. More than 40% of cases are associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.


stomach disorder

description: A disease involving the stomach.


name: infiltrating bladder lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma

description: Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma with lymphoepithelioma-like features.


fibrosarcomatous osteosarcoma

description: A conventional osteosarcoma characterized by the presence of spindle shaped cells.


chief cell adenoma

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly of neoplastic chief cells. These cells have either slightly eosinophilic or vacuolated cytoplasm, and round nuclei.


parathyroid gland clear cell adenoma

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly of neoplastic cells with clear cytoplasm.


mixed cell type adenoma of parathyroid

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma that contains a mixture of neoplastic cells (chief cells, oncocytes, and clear cells).


parathyroid oncocytic adenoma

description: A parathyroid gland adenoma composed predominantly or entirely of neoplastic cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.


childhood intracortical osteosarcoma

description: A high grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm that produces osteoid and occurs in childhood. It arises from the medullary portion of the bone. It affects the long bones, and most commonly, the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Pain with or without a palpable mass is the most common clinical presentation. It usually has an aggressive growth and may metastasize through the hematogenous route. The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis.


sarcomatosis of the meninges

description: A rare condition characterized by diffuse spread of sarcoma cells throughout the meninges. The neoplastic cells are derived from meningeal connective tissue. Clinically, this disorder may present as a fulminant pachymeningitis and/or encephalitis.


meningeal sarcoma

description: A rare sarcoma arising from the meninges.


sarcomatosis

description: The occurrence of several sarcomas in different anatomic locations.


name: adult embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, c19mc-altered

description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered, occurring in adults.


carcinoma of Cowper glands

description: A carcinoma that involves the bulbo-urethral gland.


suprasellar meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the suprasellar region.


gasserian ganglion meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the trigeminal ganglion.


name: malignant cutaneous granular cell skin tumor

description: A malignant granular cell tumor that arises from the skin.


cholangiolocellular carcinoma

description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that arises from the canals of Hering.


name: acantholytic squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin. It is characterized by loosening of the intercellular bridges between the malignant cells which results in acantholysis.


name: multiple spinal canal and spinal cord meningioma

description: Multiple meningiomas that arises from the spinal meninges.


name: pulmonary type ovarian small cell carcinoma

description: An aggressive small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the ovary. Morphologically, it resembles the small cell carcinoma that arises from the lung.


name: hypercalcemic type ovarian small cell carcinoma

description: An undifferentiated small cell carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is associated with hypercalcemia. Electron microscopic studies show neurosecretory granules are either absent or, when present, are in small numbers.


adult infiltrating astrocytic neoplasm

description: An infiltrating astrocytic tumor of the brain occurring in adults.


endometrial mixed adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the endometrium and is characterized by the presence of both type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinoma components. The minor component constitutes at least 5% of the entire tumor.


non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the ovary and is composed of cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts. The prognosis is less favorable than gestational choriocarcinoma.


muscular atrophy

description: The loss of muscle tissue due to inactivity or disease.


testicular fibroma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of fusiform cells and collagenization.


testicular thecoma

description: A rare benign tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of lipid-rich neoplastic spindle cells.


sphenoid sinus inverted papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the sphenoid sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


sphenoid sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the sphenoid sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


maxillary sinus adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the maxillary sinus. It is classified as intestinal-type or non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the presenting signs.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with high grade dysplasia

description: A non-invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that exhibit loss of polarity, nuclear stratification, hyperchromasia, and pleomorphism. There is severe architectural atypia and frequent mitotic figures present.


leptomeningeal sarcoma

description: A sarcoma arising from the leptomeninges.


bladder urachal adenocarcinoma

description: A adenocarcinoma that involves the urachus.


lung hilum cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the lung hilus.


name: pancreatic ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A malignant, ectopic ACTH secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, associated with Cushing's syndrome. The prognosis is usually poor.


name: non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

description: A low or intermediate grade well differentiated tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It is characterized by the absence of a hormone-related clinical syndrome.


digestive system disorder

description: A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system.


rectal signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising from the rectum. It is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells with prominent intracytoplasmic mucin. These cells constitute more than 50% of the malignant cellular population.


perianal skin Paget disease

description: Paget disease involving the perianal skin.


tuberculum sellae meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the tuberculum sellae.


name: mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of pancreas

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pancreas showing a mixture of ductal and neuroendocrine malignant cells in both the primary tumor and in the metastatic sites.


colloid carcinoma of the pancreas

description: An infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, characterized by the presence of malignant cells floating in pools of mucin. It has a more favorable prognosis than the conventional infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma. It often arises in association with intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms and in some cases it may result in the development of pseudomyxoma peritonei.


name: pancreatic acinar cell cystadenocarcinoma

description: A cystic adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of relatively uniform neoplastic cells which produce pancreatic enzymes and are arranged in acinar patterns. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea, and diarrhea. It usually has an aggressive clinical course.


childhood malignant hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma occurring in childhood.


childhood malignant schwannoma

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor occurring in children.


name: signet ring cell intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

description: An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring adenocarcinoma cells.


retinal telangiectasia

description: Dilatation of small blood vessels of the retina.


retina lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that involves the retina.


pediatric extraocular retinoblastoma

description: Retinoblastoma during childhood that has spread beyond the eye.


intraocular lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises within the eye. Signs and symptoms include decreased vision, uveitis, and vitreous floaters.


adult brain ependymoma

description: An ependymoma of the brain occurring in adults.


extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the extrahepatic bile ducts.


neonatal leukemia

description: Leukemia that occurs during the neonatal period.


childhood leukemia

description: An acute or chronic leukemia that occurs during childhood.


name: childhood multilocular cystic kidney neoplasm

description: A cystic neoplasm which arises from the kidney and occurs in children. It includes the cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma and cases in which nephroblastomatous elements are not present.


carcinoma of supraglottis

description: A carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the supraglottic area.


subglottis carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the larynx that arises from the subglottic area.


delusional disorder

description: A disorder characterized by the presence of one or more nonbizarre delusions that persist for at least 1 month; the delusion(s) are not due to schizophrenia or a mood disorder, and do not impair psychosocial functioning apart from the ramifications of the delusion(s).


breast extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the breast tissue.


adult spinal cord ependymoma

description: An ependymoma of the spinal cord occurring in adults.


adult spinal cord glioblastoma

description: A rare spinal tumor which is highly malignant and tends to be locally invasive of surrounding neural tissue. The tumor also tends to spread throughout the neuroaxis and is often rapidly progressive. Histologically the tumors are highly cellular with nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, endothelial proliferation, mitotic figures, and, often, necrosis. This tumor has a relatively poor prognosis. Clinical features may include pain followed by rapidly progressive neurologic deficits such as extremity weakness, sensory changes, spasticity, and incontinence. (From Innocenzi et al., Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Feb;99(1):1-5)


choroid necrotic melanoma

description: A choroid melanoma characterized by the presence of tumor cell necrosis.


necrotic uveal melanoma

description: A uveal melanoma characterized by the presence of tumor cell necrosis.


description: A mixed glioma characterized by the presence of astrocytic, ependymal, and oligodendroglial neoplastic components.


petroclival meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the petroclival region.


sphenoorbital meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the sphenoorbital region.


sphenocavernous meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the sphenocavernous region.


spinal multifocal clear cell meningioma

description: A clear cell meningioma arising in multiple areas of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of clear glycogen-rich polygonal cells.


adult papillary meningioma

description: A papillary meningioma occurring in adults.


adult extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the soft tissue, and occurring in adults.


end stage renal failure

description: Long-standing and persistent renal disease with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 15 ml/min.


name: infiltrating nipple syringomatous adenoma

description: An invasive, non-metastasizing neoplasm with sweat duct differentiation that arises in the area of the nipple. Local recurrences have been reported.


name: pancreatic non-functioning delta cell tumor

description: A usually malignant neuroendocrine tumor arising from the delta cells of the pancreas. It is not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


pediatric cerebral ependymoblastoma

description: An embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered that arises from the cerebral hemispheres and occurs in children.


female breast carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the breast in females. It is the most common malignant tumor that affects females.


dendritic cell sarcoma

description: A sarcoma that involves the dendritic cell.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia

description: A non-invasive pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that form a single layer and are well polarized. The neoplastic cells exhibit small and uniform nuclei, mild pleomorphism, and rare mitotic figures.


laryngeal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the larynx. Representative examples include laryngitis, vocal cord polyp, squamous papilloma, and carcinoma.


adult central nervous system germinoma

description: A central nervous system germinoma that occurs in an adult.


maxillary sinus inverted papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the maxillary sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


adult xanthogranuloma

description: A xanthogranuloma that occurs in an adult.


name: uterine corpus atypical polypoid adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma that arises from the uterine corpus and is characterized by the presence of marked glandular architectural complexity. It may recur following excision.


luteoma of pregnancy

description: A non-neoplastic and self-limited condition that occurs during pregnancy. It is characterized by proliferation of luteinized stromal cells that replace the normal ovarian stromal cells. It is usually manifested with bilateral multinodular ovarian masses. Treatment is not required.


mite infestation

description: Infestations with arthropods of the subclass acari, superorder Acariformes.


ocular hypotension

description: Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).


name: intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma

description: An extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma arising from the structures within the cranium.


mixed astrocytoma-ependymoma

description: A tumor of mixed cell type with astrocytic components as well as ependymoma components.


maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the mucosal epithelial surface of the maxillary sinus. Patients may present with nasal fullness, obstruction, and/or epistaxis.


name: cervical spinal canal and spinal cord meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises from the meninges of the cervical region of the spinal cord.


name: benign mediastinal psammomatous neurilemmoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the posterior mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of psammoma bodies.


mediastinal schwannoma

description: A schwannoma that arises from the posterior mediastinum. It is the most common neurogenic tumor of the mediastinum. Excision is usually curative.


malignant type A thymoma

description: A type A thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


testis refractory cancer

description: Malignant testicular germ cell tumor that is resistant to treatment.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, glandular-alveolar pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of gland-like spaces, irregular alveoli, and tubular structures.


name: childhood precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia

description: A T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma that occurs during childhood.


name: refractory precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia

description: T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma resistant to treatment


Barrett adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett metaplastic epithelium in the esophagus. There is evidence supporting the idea that the Barrett adenocarcinomas develop through a stepwise progression through intestinal metaplastic epithelium to epithelial dysplasia to malignancy. Adenocarcinomas arising in the setting of Barrett esophagus are typically papillary and/or tubular. In terms of grading, they are well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. -- 2002


name: adult central nervous system mixed germ cell tumor

description: A mixed germ cell tumor of central nervous system that occurs in an adult.


name: stroma-dominant and stroma-poor composite ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of a ganglioneuroblastoma component and the formation of Schwannian stroma which is the predominant component of the tumor volume.


name: schwannian stroma-rich and stroma-poor composite ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastic tumor characterized by the presence of a ganglioneuroblastoma component and the formation of Schwannian stroma which constitutes more than fifty-percent of the tumor volume.


nipple duct carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that develops in the ducts of the nipple.


name: sarcomatoid penile squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by the presence of malignant spindle-shaped cells.


name: duodenal gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the duodenum. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells that form pseudorosettes. The neoplastic cells have uniform nuclei and small amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm.


malignant spiradenoma

description: A very rare, aggressive carcinoma of the sweat glands arising from malignant transformation of a long standing spiradenoma. It usually grows in the upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk, and head and neck. It has the tendency to recur and metastasize most often to the lymph nodes, bones, and lungs.


name: cervical non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

description: A variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of polygonal squamous cells. Intercellular bridges and cytoplasmic keratinization may be present, but keratin pearls are absent.


tamoxifen-related endometrial lesion

description: A spectrum of endometrial abnormalities that occur in women who use tamoxifen to treat or prevent the development of breast cancer. These abnormalities include endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma.


name: lipid-cell variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of lipid laden tumor cells.


name: plasmacytoid variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with plasmacytoid features.


name: nested variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by a nested growth pattern.


name: microcystic variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma characterized by microcysts formation.


name: lymphoma-like variant infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma


breast malignant eccrine spiradenoma

description: A rare tumor characterized by malignant transformation of an eccrine spiradenoma of the breast.


sclerosing breast papilloma

description: A breast papilloma characterized by the presence of predominant sclerosing architectural features.


cerebral falx meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the falx cerebri.


name: central nervous system extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the brain or spinal cord.


hyperthyroidism

description: Overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased metabolic rate. Causes include diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (Graves' disease), single nodule in the thyroid gland, and thyroiditis. The symptoms are related to the increased metabolic rate and include weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, insomnia, muscle weakness, and tremor.


frontal convexity meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the frontal sulcus.


supraglottis neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the supraglottic area of the larynx.


alveoli adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed lung neoplasm morphologically characterized by the presence of cystic spaces resembling alveoli, lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium. The cystic spaces are surrounded by a spindle cell stroma which may show myxoid changes. It is a solitary, usually peripheral lung lesion. Patients are usually asymptomatic and its discovery is an incidental finding during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


skin meningioma

description: A meningioma (disease) that involves the zone of skin.


penis mixed squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by a mixture of morphologic patterns (e.g., high grade squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma or warty-basaloid carcinoma).


hemarthrosis

description: Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.


mature pericardial teratoma

description: A benign teratoma that arises from the pericardium.


papillary carcinoma of the penis

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis and is characterized by the presence of a papillary growth pattern.


liver fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the liver. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


ovarian myxoid liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma that arises from the ovary and is composed of round to oval mesenchymal cells, small signet ring lipoblasts, and a rich network of capillaries in a myxoid stroma.


sporadic breast cancer

description: A carcinoma that arises from the breast and is not caused by inherited genetic mutations.


periocular meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the periocular region.


pineal region meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the pineal gland.


childhood ovarian embryonal carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


testis polyembryoma

description: A rare malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of embryoid bodies.


chest wall parachordoma

description: A parachordoma arising from the chest wall.


name: bladder tubulo-cystic clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bladder carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a tubulo-cystic pattern.


name: bladder papillary clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a papillary pattern.


olfactory groove meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the olfactory sulcus.


pituitary stalk meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the pituitary stalk.


frontal sinus inverted papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the frontal sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


intraductal breast myoepitheliosis

description: A neoplastic process characterized by the proliferation of spindle to cuboidal myoepithelial cells within small breast ducts.


carotid artery occlusion

description: A occlusion precerebral artery that involves the carotid artery segment.


description: A rare, aggressive variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of adenocarcinoma cells that are intermingled with malignant pleomorphic spindle cells.


name: childhood central nervous system germinoma

description: A germinoma arising from the central nervous system during childhood.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, myxomatous pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of myxomatous tissue that contains collections of malignant cells with prominent nucleoli.


name: cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma

description: A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by increased cellularity, sheet-like proliferation of fibroblastic cells, and increased mitotic activity. Necrotic changes are commonly present.


classic congenital mesoblastic nephroma

description: A congenital mesoblastic nephroma characterized by the presence of interlacing fascicles of fibroblastic cells, low mitotic activity, and collagen formation.


cocaine abuse

description: Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.


maxillary sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the maxillary sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


bladder mixed adenocarcinoma

description: A variant of bladder adenocarcinoma that histologically consists of more than one growth pattern such as enteric, mucinous or signet ring types.


bladder hepatoid adenocarcinoma

description: A hepatoid adenocarcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


thyroid gland fetal adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of microfollicular structures.


vaginal tubulovillous adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by a tubulovillous architectural pattern.


extrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts.


name: cellular phase chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis

description: Primary myelofibrosis characterized by bone marrow hypercellularity and the presence of atypical megakaryocytes. There is no increase in the percentage of myeloblasts and no significant increase in reticulin or collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow.


nephrogenic adenoma of the urethra

description: A metaplastic lesion of the urothelium found in the urethra. It is characterized by the presence of aggregates of cuboidal or hobnail cells and represents a reaction of the urothelium to injury caused by instrumentation, surgery or calculi.


periampullary adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the periampullary region.


mature gastric teratoma

description: A benign teratoma that arises from the stomach.


anal canal Paget disease

description: Paget disease involving the squamous epithelium of the anal canal.


name: pseudovascular skin squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin histologically resembling a vascular tumor due to extreme acantholysis.


bacterial arthritis

description: The inflammation of one or more joints caused by a bacterial infection within the joint space. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.


breast columnar cell mucinous carcinoma

description: An invasive breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of tall columnar neoplastic cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin. Grossly, cystic changes are not identified.


epiglottis cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the epiglottis. The vast majority of cases are squamous cell carcinomas.


gallbladder lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the gallbladder, with the bulk of the tumor located at this site.


thymus clear cell carcinoma

description: A rare, usually aggressive, primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of carcinoma cells with clear cytoplasm.


adrenal gland ganglioneuroblastoma

description: A ganglioneuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


name: pregerminal center chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

description: A recently recognized variant of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) that lacks somatic hypermutations of the Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes, implying pregerminal center B-cell origin. Microarray gene expression profiling studies have demonstrated the expression of ZAP-70 gene (Syk family tyrosine kinase) in this subset of CLL/CLL. Patients with this variant of CLL/SLL have an unfavorable prognosis compared to those with somatic hypermutations of the IGH genes, with a median survival of approximately 6-8 years.


malignant childhood germ cell neoplasm

description: A malignant germ cell tumor that occurs during childhood.


name: pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with an associated invasive carcinoma

description: A pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm characterized by the presence of a focal or multifocal invasive carcinomatous component. The invasive carcinoma is either colloid or ductal adenocarcinoma.


fibroosseous pseudotumor of the digits

description: A non-neoplastic soft tissue disorder characterized by the localized formation of reactive fibrous and bone tissues. It usually occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the proximal phalanx. Less frequently, it involves the toe. It presents with swelling and pain of the affected area. The prognosis is excellent. However, incomplete excision may lead to the re-growth of the lesion.


thyroid gland oncocytic adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of large cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli.


gallbladder melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from the gallbladder.


interstitial myocarditis

description: Inflammation of the heart characterized by infiltration of the interstitial tissues by inflammatory cells, histiocytes, and the formation of granulomas. Giant cells are often present.


endocervical type cervical adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of endocervical mucinous glands and a smooth muscle cell component. There is no atypia or significant mitotic activity present.


endometrial type cervical adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of endometrial type glands and endometrial stroma, surrounded by smooth muscle. There is no evidence of atypia.


cervical atypical polypoid adenomyoma

description: An adenomyoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of a glandular component exhibiting architectural complexity.


name: fallopian tube gestational choriocarcinoma

description: A malignant trophoblastic tumor that arises from the fallopian tube during pregnancy.


uterine corpus choriocarcinoma

description: An aggressive malignant tumor arising from trophoblastic cells in the uterus during pregnancy. Approximately half of the cases develop from a complete hydatidiform mole. There is often marked elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. Choriocarcinomas disseminate rapidly through the hematogenous route; the lungs are most frequently affected.


mediastinitis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the mediastinum.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, papillary pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of numerous papillary structures that are lined by cells with prominent nucleoli.


name: testicular yolk sac tumor, hepatoid pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of hepatoid cells collections.


myotonic cataract

description: A cataract occurring as a sequela of myotonic dystrophy.


myocarditis

description: Myocarditis is a condition that is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Some affected people have no noticeable symptoms of the condition. When present, signs and symptoms may include chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, shortness of breath, fatigue, signs of infection (i.e. fever, headache, sore throat, diarrhea), and leg swelling. Myocarditis can be caused by a variety of factors including infections (viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal), allergic reactions to certain medications, and exposure to certain chemicals. It can also be associated with other inflammatory conditions such as lupus, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Most cases occur sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause of the condition. Medications and rarely, a heart transplant may be needed if the heart muscle becomes weak.


tertiary syphilis

description: A stage of syphilis that occurs fifteen to thirty years after the initial infection; it can include gumma formation and cardiovascular or central nervous system involvement (neurosyphilis).


name: sacral spinal canal and spinal cord meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises from the meninges of the sacral region of the spinal cord.


lung hilum carcinoma

description: A lung carcinoma arising from the hilum of the lung.


lung superior sulcus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma originating from the apical lung. Most superior sulcus lung carcinomas are bronchogenic carcinomas. This carcinoma may be associated with Pancoast syndrome. lt is also known as Pancoast tumor.


fallopian tube cystadenofibroma

description: A rare, benign, asymptomatic neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube. The tumors are round and solitary and contain connective tissue and cystic structures lined by serous-type epithelium. The majority of cases are incidental findings during operation for an unrelated gynecologic disorder.


parapharyngeal meningioma

description: An ectopic meningioma that arises from the parapharyngeal space.


upper clivus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the upper clivus.


penile urethral cancer

description: A urethra cancer that involves the penis.


central breast papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a large duct of the breast. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Patients usually present with nipple discharge.


microscopic breast papilloma

description: A benign papillary neoplasm that arises in a terminal ductal lobular unit. It is characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular core that is lined by benign epithelial and myoepithelial proliferations. Peripheral breast papillomas are often multiple and are usually found microscopically. Patients are often asymptomatic.


atypical breast papilloma

description: An intraductal papilloma of the breast characterized by the presence of focal epithelial atypia.


periapical periodontitis

description: Inflammation of the periapical tissue. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is periapical granuloma. Suppurative inflammation is periapical abscess.


intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic bile ducts.


inflammatory liposarcoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of well differentiated liposarcoma occurring most often in the retroperitoneum. It is characterized by the presence of a predominant inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphoplasmacytic aggregates.


lower clivus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the lower clivus.


meningeal melanomatosis

description: A meningeal melanoma with secondary diffuse meningeal spread. (WHO)


adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma

description: An aggressive rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in adults. The neoplasm is characterized by the presence of bizarre round, spindle, and polygonal cells. Clinical presentation includes a rapidly enlarging painful mass usually in the lower extremities.


chronic rhinitis

description: Chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It may lead to post-nasal drip resulting in chronic sore throat and chronic cough.


bulbomembranous urethral cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the bulbomembranous part of the urethra.


ureter tuberculosis

description: A tuberculosis that involves the ureter.


anterior urethra cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm that affects the portion of the urethra that is close to the outside of the body.


synovial angioma

description: A rare hemangioma arising from synovium lining surfaces.


intratubular embryonal carcinoma

description: Stage 0 includes: pTis, N0, M0, S0. pTis: Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (carcinoma in situ). N0: regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. S0: Marker study levels within normal limits. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


adult epithelioid sarcoma

description: An epithelioid sarcoma occurring in adults.


peritonitis

description: Inflammation of the peritoneum due to infection by bacteria or fungi. Causes include liver disease, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract or biliary tract, and peritoneal dialysis. Patients usually present with abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, chills, and nausea and vomiting. It is an emergency medical condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment.


clear cell squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with a prominent clear cell component.


name: thyroid gland atypical follicular adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma with increased cellularity and nuclear atypia. There is no capsular or vascular invasion. The clinical course is benign.


scabies

description: A contagious skin infection that is caused by the burrowing parasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, and is characterized by intense itching and small, raised red spots in the area of the mite burrows.


name: mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor

description: A benign or malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of the uterine corpus. Representative examples include leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma.


lymph node palisaded myofibroblastoma

description: A myofibroblastoma arising from the inguinal lymph nodes. It is characterized by the presence of nuclear palisading.


non-ossifying fibromyxoid tumor

description: A rare soft tissue tumor of uncertain lineage characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle to round cells forming cords in a fibromyxoid stroma. Metaplastic bone formation is not present.


early invasive cervical adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical adenocarcinoma with minimal stromal invasion. The risk of local lymph node metastasis is insignificant and the prognosis is excellent.


sclerosing adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of acini, a lobulated architectural pattern, and stromal sclerosis. The luminal epithelial and myopepithelial cells are preserved. Microcalcifications and foci of apocrine metaplasia may be present.


auditory system cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the auditory system


perineural angioma

description: A hemangioma arising from perineural tissues.


microglandular adenosis of breast

description: A rare variant of breast adenosis characterized by the proliferation of small round glands in a collagenous stroma. The epithelial cells are cuboidal and there are no myopepithelial cells present. There is no evidence of atypia.


childhood choriocarcinoma of the ovary

description: A non-gestational choriocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


name: intestinal variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that resembles the large intestinal adenocarcinoma.


name: endocervical type cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells that resemble those of the endocervix.


aortic malignant tumor

description: A cancer that involves the aorta.


name: epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

description: A rare variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed predominantly or exclusively of epithelioid cells.


name: pseudoglandular variant testicular seminoma

description: A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in pseudoglandular patterns and few lymphocytes.


name: cervical adenosquamous carcinoma, glassy cell variant

description: A poorly differentiated variant of adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with ground glass cytoplasm and stromal eosinophilic infiltrates.


name: enteric pattern testicular yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of immature glands.


chordoid meningioma

description: A WHO grade II, usually recurring meningioma characterized by the predominance of tissues that are histologically similar to chordoma.


adult malignant schwannoma

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor occurring during adulthood.


lumbar plexus neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the lumbar nerve plexus.


name: reticular pattern testicular yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of a meshwork of small vacuolated cells resulting in a honeycomb appearance.


name: adult type testicular granulosa cell tumor

description: A rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis in adults. Gynecomastia is present in approximately a quarter of the patients. Several morphologic patterns have been identified and include insular, gyriform, trabecular, pseudosarcomatous, and solid. Metastases occur in approximately twenty percent of the cases.


cork-handlers' disease

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by inhalation of cork dust containing the antigens produced by the fungus Penicillium glabrum. The symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing cough, fever and asthenia.


malignant cornea melanoma

description: A melanoma within the cornea of the eye.


Meckel diverticulitis

description: Inflammation of a congenital diverticulum of the lower intestine.


name: microinvasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma

description: A cervical squamous cell carcinoma with minimal stromal invasion. The risk of lymph node metastasis is low.


childhood kidney angiomyolipoma

description: An angiomyolipoma occurring in childhood.


kidney angiomyolipoma

description: An angiomyolipoma arising from the kidney.


name: carcinoma arising in nasal papillomatosis

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that either arises from or is associated with the presence of inverted papilloma in the nose.


congenital fibrosarcoma

description: A fibrosarcoma that occurs in infants. It shares identical morphologic features with adult fibrosarcoma but carries the t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation that results in ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. It usually affects the superficial and deep soft tissues of the extremities. The prognosis is generally much more favorable than for adult fibrosarcoma, and it rarely metastasizes.


thyroid gland macrofollicular adenoma

description: A thyroid gland adenoma composed of large size follicles.


name: malignant glandular tumor of peripheral nerve sheath

description: A variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor characterized by the presence of glandular epithelium.


follicular infundibulum tumor

description: A tumor involving the follicular infundibulum.


retinal melanoma

description: A melanoma affecting the retinal portion of the eye. --2003


breast apocrine carcinoma in situ

description: A ductal breast carcinoma in situ, characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells with apocrine differentiation.


physiological polycythemia

description: Polycythemia that is not pathologic.


thyroid malformation

description: An anatomic abnormality of the thyroid gland.


intestinal obstruction

description: Blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the bowel.


postgastrectomy syndrome

description: Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (dumping syndrome and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.


ileus

description: Decrease in peristalsis in the absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction.


paralytic ileus

description: An ileus caused by abdominal or pelvic surgery, infections, disorders that affect the muscles and nerves, and medications. Signs and symptoms include those of intestinal obstruction.


intestinal volvulus

description: Twisting of a loop of bowel that results in intestinal obstruction.


cyclothymic disorder

description: An affective disorder characterized by periods of depression and hypomania. These may be separated by periods of normal mood.


ariboflavinosis

description: A dietary deficiency of riboflavin causing a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis associated with a purplish red or magenta-colored tongue that may show fissures, corneal vascularization, dyssebacia, and anemia. (Dorland, 27th ed)


pyridoxine deficiency anemia

description: Deficiency of vitamin B6. It is usually caused by alcoholism, malabsorption, or as a side effect of medications. Signs and symptoms include stomatitis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy, irritability, seizures, and anemia.


choline deficiency disease

description: A condition produced by a deficiency of choline in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)


corneal ulcer

description: Area of epithelial tissue loss from corneal surface; associated with inflammatory cells in the cornea and anterior chamber.