eugenol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


eugenol catabolic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


chrysobactin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


chrysobactin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


chrysobactin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


achromobactin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


achromobactin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


achromobactin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


pyochelin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


pyochelin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


pyochelin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


pyruvate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


pyruvate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


antisense RNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.


aldarate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which aldarate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


D-glucarate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


aldonate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which aldonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


D-glucuronate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


D-galactonate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: aldarate transmembrane transporter activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Enables the transfer of aldarate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: D-glucuronate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


L-arabinose transmembrane transport

description: The process in which L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cysteine transport

description: The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


microcin transport

description: The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


microcin B17 transport

description: The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


amide transport

description: The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: amide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


chloramphenicol transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


polymyxin transport

description: The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fosmidomycin transport

description: The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: chloramphenicol transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: fosmidomycin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


arabinan transmembrane transport

description: The process in which arabinan is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein

description: The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


tubulin deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.


name: 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


xanthine transport

description: The directed movement of xanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


name: xanthine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of xanthine from one side of a membrane to the other. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.


xenobiotic transport

description: The directed movement of a xenobiotic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


name: colicin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


name: group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


colicin transport

description: The directed movement of a colicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


group A colicin transport

description: The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


alkanesulfonate transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.


benzoate transport

description: The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nuclear receptor-mediated glucocorticoid signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by a glucocorticoid binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


neuromedin U receptor binding

description: Binding to one or more specific sites on a neuromedin U receptor.


neuropeptide binding

description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuropeptides, peptides with direct synaptic effects (peptide neurotransmitters) or indirect modulatory effects on the nervous system (peptide neuromodulators).


neuromedin U binding

description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with neuromedin U, a hypothalamic peptide involved in energy homeostasis and stress responses.


name: benzoate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


ferrichrome import into cell

description: A process in which ferrichrome is transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


name: ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


enterobactin transport

description: The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of the siderochrome enterochelin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine from one side of a membrane to the other.


chrysobactin transport

description: The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


achromobactin transport

description: The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, from one side of a membrane to the other.


dipeptide transport

description: The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tripeptide transport

description: The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


D-amino acid transport

description: The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


D-alanine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid,  is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


D-serine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


name: D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


name: D-serine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of D-serine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-serine is the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


glucoside transport

description: The directed movement of glucosides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


name: glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue.


salicin transport

description: The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


arbutin transport

description: The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: salicin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: arbutin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.


beta-ketoadipate pathway

description: A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


lipoprotein transport

description: The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dextrin transport

description: The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


maltodextrin transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, across a membrane.


name: dextrin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: ABC-type alkanesulfonate transporter transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an alkanesulfonate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + alkanesulfonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + alkanesulfonate(in).


name: antimonite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


name: ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


name: acridine:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).


name: biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.


homoserine transport

description: The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: homoserine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


licheninase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


nuclear retinoic acid receptor binding

description: Binding to a nuclear retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.


name: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding

description: Binding to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, alpha, beta or gamma.


activation of Janus kinase activity

description: The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.


name: ornithine decarboxylase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases ornithine decarboxylase activity.


name: ornithine decarboxylase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase.


regulation of apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.


name: amyloid precursor protein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


name: amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


name: regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


name: negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


name: positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta.


name: amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


X11-like protein binding

description: Binding to X11-like protein, a neuron-specific adaptor protein.


sequestering of actin monomers

description: The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.


name: cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor

description: The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


cell projection

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


name: regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


name: negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


name: positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


name: Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

description: The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


neuron projection

description: A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


maintenance of rDNA

description: Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


ATP-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.


chordate embryonic development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.


camera-type eye development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

description: The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


name: regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane

description: Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.


name: negative regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane

description: Any process that stops or prevents the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.


alpha-tubulin binding

description: Binding to the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.


gamma-tubulin binding

description: Binding to the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.


NADPH oxidase complex

description: A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.


ribonucleoprotein complex binding

description: Binding to a complex of RNA and protein.


ribosome binding

description: Binding to a ribosome.


ribosomal large subunit binding

description: Binding to a large ribosomal subunit.


ribosomal small subunit binding

description: Binding to a small ribosomal subunit.


neuronal cell body

description: The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


name: cysteine-type endopeptidase regulator activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


T cell homeostasis

description: The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


regulation of macrophage activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.


name: negative regulation of macrophage activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.


name: positive regulation of macrophage activation

description: Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.


isoamylase complex

description: A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.


costamere

description: Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.


chromatin insulator sequence binding

description: Binding to a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.


starch grain

description: Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.


amino acid activation

description: The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


tRNA aminoacylation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which the various amino acids become bonded to their corresponding tRNAs. The most common route for synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA is by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.


name: tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

description: The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


name: amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

description: Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.


name: amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase

description: Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


peptide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


name: epigenetic programming of gene expression

description: A epigenetic process that happens during embryonic development that modulates gene expression potential at later stages of development of the organism, including the adult. Epigenetic regulation takes place via chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine DNA methylation.


single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


name: dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.


otic placode formation

description: The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.


nematode pharyngeal pumping

description: The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.


name: regulation of nematode pharyngeal pumping

description: Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


thermotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


dauer entry

description: Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


dauer exit

description: Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


maintenance of dauer

description: Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


forward locomotion

description: Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.


backward locomotion

description: Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.


regulation of backward locomotion

description: Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


regulation of forward locomotion

description: Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.


name: meiotic metaphase I homologous chromosome alignment

description: A cell cycle process whereby homlogous chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator) by the spindle machinery and centromere/kinetochore arrangement during meiosis I chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


name: meiotic metaphase II chromosome alignment

description: A chromosome localization process whereby chromosomes are positioned in a specific order and orientation at the metaphase plate (spindle equator), during meiosis II chromosome segregation. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the correct number of chromosomes during cell division.


extracellular structure organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.


intercellular bridge organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of programmed cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


name: positive regulation of programmed cell death

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


name: negative regulation of programmed cell death

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


germ cell nucleus

description: The nucleus of a germ cell, a reproductive cell in multicellular organisms.


megasporocyte nucleus

description: The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.


initiation of acetate catabolic process

description: The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.


polar nucleus

description: Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.


antipodal cell nucleus

description: The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.


megagametophyte egg cell nucleus

description: The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.


synaptic cleft

description: The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.


penile erection

description: The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


name: positive regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


name: negative regulation of catalytic activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.


regulation of GTPase activity

description: Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


amino acid import

description: The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.


FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

description: A cytokinesis process that involves a set of conserved proteins including FtsZ, and results in the formation of two similarly sized and shaped cells.


cellular metabolic compound salvage

description: Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.


name: regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

description: Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


purine nucleobase salvage

description: Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

description: Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

description: Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

description: Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


pyrimidine nucleobase salvage

description: Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


purine-containing compound salvage

description: Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


amino acid salvage

description: Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


hypoxanthine salvage

description: Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


name: positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


name: negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


type IV pilus-dependent motility

description: Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


pilus retraction

description: The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.


name: rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding

description: Binding to replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.


replication fork arrest

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.


receptor metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


receptor clustering

description: The receptor metabolic process that results in grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.


regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


precorrin-2 dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + precorrin-2 = 2 H+ + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.


name: negative regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


name: positive regulation of vascular permeability

description: Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


tumor necrosis factor binding

description: Binding to tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.


neurotrophin binding

description: Binding to a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


name: regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


name: positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


name: negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


ErbB-3 class receptor binding

description: Binding to the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3.


surfactant homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of a surface-active agent that maintains the surface tension of a liquid.


ubiquitin binding

description: Binding to ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.


erythrocyte enucleation

description: The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.


NAD transport

description: The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


hindgut contraction

description: A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


regulation of hindgut contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


name: 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


glycerol-3-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


DNA replication, removal of RNA primer

description: Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


3'-5' DNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix in the direction 5' to 3', driven by ATP hydrolysis.


5'-3' DNA helicase activity

description: Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


name: regulation of translation by machinery localization

description: Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


sno(s)RNA processing

description: Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage

description: The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


stress fiber assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.


name: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

description: The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


name: DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

description: The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


induction of bacterial agglutination

description: Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


name: entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod

description: The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


name: negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.


response to cation stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


heterocyst development

description: The cellular developmental process by which a cell becomes a heterocyst, a cell that carries out nitrogen fixation. This process involves changes to the cell wall, expression of nitrogenase and other proteins involved in nitrogen fixation, and degradation of photosystem II, which produces oxygen. This process is known to occur in some cyanobacteria.


acrosomal matrix

description: A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.


acrosomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.


name: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


name: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.


cell envelope organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


name: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


name: Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly

description: The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


ion binding

description: Binding to an ion, a charged atoms or groups of atoms.


anion binding

description: Binding to an anion, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net negative charge.


cation binding

description: Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.


macromolecule metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


peptide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


nucleotide salvage

description: Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


nucleoside salvage

description: Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


RNA polymerase core enzyme binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase core enzyme, containing a specific subunit composition defined as the core enzyme.


amine binding

description: Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


organic acid binding

description: Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


alcohol binding

description: Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.


rhythmic excitation

description: Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


rhythmic inhibition

description: Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


vacuolar sequestering

description: The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.


vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion

description: The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding

description: Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding

description: Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 binding

description: Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.


P granule

description: A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


cell septum edging

description: The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.


name: H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex

description: A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.


name: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex

description: A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.


axon initial segment

description: Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.


terminal bouton

description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.


varicosity

description: Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


dendritic spine

description: A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.


dendritic shaft

description: Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.


sulfate binding

description: Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.


response to amino acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.


response to L-leucine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-leucine stimulus.


lysosomal lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.


axon hillock

description: Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.


perikaryon

description: The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.


response to external biotic stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


glycosphingolipid binding

description: Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


myelin sheath

description: An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.


alkanesulfonate binding

description: Binding to alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


name: ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


name: carbohydrate-exporting ABC transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carbohydrate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + carbohydrate(out).


bacteriocin transport

description: The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.


name: ABC-type bacteriocin transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a bacteriocin from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate.


daunorubicin transport

description: The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


myelin maintenance

description: The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.


compact myelin

description: The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.


lateral loop

description: Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.


Schmidt-Lanterman incisure

description: Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.


SMC family protein binding

description: Binding to a protein from the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family, a group of chromosomal ATPases with a role in mitotic chromosome organization.


name: cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


name: ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).


organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


non-membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


intracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


extracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


organelle lumen

description: The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.


receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


laminin binding

description: Binding to a laminin, a major glycoprotein constituent of the basement membrane of cells.


laminin-1 binding

description: Binding to laminin-1, a glycoprotein trimer with the subunit composition alpha1, beta1, gamma1.


Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex

description: A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


name: negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


name: positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


name: regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.


extraorganismal space

description: The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.


megasome

description: Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


name: telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

description: Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.


proteasome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


erythrocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.


name: sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.


name: sodium-dependent organic anion transport

description: The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: sodium-independent organic anion transport

description: The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chloroplast ribosome

description: A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


name: regulation of protein-containing complex assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.


name: regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


laminin complex

description: A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.


laminin-8 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-9 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-10 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-11 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-12 complex

description: A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


ADP phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = AMP + phosphate + H+.


cellulosome

description: An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.


regulation of potassium ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of potassium ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of potassium ion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of monoatomic ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: ethylene biosynthesis involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring as part of the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.


CTPase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + H2O = CDP + H+ + phosphate. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.


phospholipase binding

description: Binding to a phospholipase.


anoikis

description: Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


apoptotic cell clearance

description: The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


response to morphine

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


response to alkaloid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


name: positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic process.


name: regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.


chordate pharyngeal muscle development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


name: regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding

description: Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


apocarotenoid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


apocarotenoid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


apocarotenoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


RAVE complex

description: A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.


contractile muscle fiber

description: Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


apoptosome

description: A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


name: mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

description: A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


glutathione binding

description: Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


apical junction complex

description: A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.


apical junction assembly

description: The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


leukocyte degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.


regulation of leukocyte degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.


name: negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.


name: positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.


mast cell degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


regulation of mast cell degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.


name: negative regulation of mast cell degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.


name: positive regulation of mast cell degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.


eosinophil activation

description: The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


eosinophil degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.


regulation of eosinophil degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


name: negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.


name: positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.


neutrophil degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.


regulation of neutrophil degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


name: negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.


name: positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


cytotoxic T cell degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.


name: regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


name: negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


name: positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.


natural killer cell degranulation

description: The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


name: regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


name: negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.


name: pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


chemotaxis to folate

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


chemotaxis to cAMP

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.


name: protein transport to vacuole involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

description: The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole that contributes to protein catabolism via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway.


response to exogenous dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.


response to dsRNA

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


mating projection tip

description: The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.


protein unfolding

description: The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


name: site-specific telomere resolvase activity

description: Catalysis of a site-specific breakage and reunion reaction that generates two hairpin telomeres from a replicated telomere substrate. Occurs via a two-step transesterification with a protein-DNA intermediate similar to that used by topoisomerases and site-specific recombinases.


cardiolipin synthase (CMP-forming)

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + phosphatidylglycerol = CMP + diphosphatidylglycerol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphate = CDP-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol.


enucleate erythrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


enucleate erythrocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.


nucleate erythrocyte maturation

description: A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


nucleate erythrocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


name: glycyl-radical enzyme activating activity

description: Catalyzes the activation of an enzyme by generating an organic free radical on a glycine residue via a homolytic cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


beta selection

description: The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


positive T cell selection

description: The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


name: CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


name: regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

description: The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


name: regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


memory T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.


name: regulation of memory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


negative T cell selection

description: The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.


pre-T cell receptor complex

description: A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


mycotoxin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


mycotoxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


mycotoxin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


positive regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


negative regulation of DNA binding

description: Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


regulation of protein binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


proteoglycan binding

description: Binding to a proteoglycan, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

description: Binding to a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate as the glycosaminoglycan carbohydrate unit.


description: The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce corticotropic hormone (CTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.


name: regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.


HLH domain binding

description: Binding to a Helix Loop Helix domain, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.


name: tRNA adenosine(64)-2'-O-ribosylphosphate transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to position 64 of initiator tRNA.


cortisol secretion

description: The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.


name: steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.


name: glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.


skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

description: The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.


name: corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with corticotropin-releasing hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


name: positive regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


name: negative regulation of MAP kinase activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.


regulation of MAPK cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.


negative regulation of MAPK cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


positive regulation of MAPK cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.


macromolecule modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties.


macromolecule glycosylation

description: The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


macromolecule methylation

description: The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


name: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

description: Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


name: regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.


name: negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


homocysteine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


urea catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


anthranilate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


anthranilate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


protein kinase B binding

description: Binding to protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism.


name: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding

description: Binding to a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.


protein histidine kinase binding

description: Binding to a protein histidine kinase.


bHLH transcription factor binding

description: Binding to a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors, important regulatory components in transcriptional networks of many developmental pathways.


MRF binding

description: Binding to Myogenic Regulatory Factor (MRF), a member of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors.


name: carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle

description: An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


response to peptide hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


name: response to corticotropin-releasing hormone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


oxoacid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


acetoacetic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


acetoacetic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


acetoacetic acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


cellular alkane metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.


alkane biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.