name: negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

description: Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


L-lysine alpha-aminotransferase

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.


dehydropipecolic acid reductase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dehydropipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + H+ = L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)+.


pipecolic acid N-hydroxylase

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + O2 + H+ = N-hydroxypipecolic acid + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


lymphotoxin complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A homo- or heterotrimeric protein containing complex consisting of alpha and beta lymphotoxin subunits in different stoichiometric combinations.


protein phosphatase inhibitor complex

description: A protein-containing complex that inhibits protein phosphatase activity by directly binding to a protein phosphatase.


name: GPI-mannose ethanolamine phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

description: A phosphoric diester hydrolase activity that removes the ethanolamine phosphate from mannose 2 of a GPI anchor.


lipopolysaccharide transport system

description: A protein-containing complex that functions to transport lipopolysaccharide from its site of synthesis at the cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm to the outer membrane in an ATP-dependent manner.


starch granule initiation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The sequence of events that initiates (or primes) the synthesis of semi-crystalline starch granules within photosynthetic chloroplasts or non-photosynthetic amyloplasts.


fluoride channel activity

description: Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a fluoride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.


photosynthetic state transition

description: A regulation of the phtosynthetic light reaction in which the light harvesting antenna complexes transition between photosystems.


name: compound eye pigment cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye pigment cell, a cell of the retina containing screening pigments that functions to screen photoreceptors from light leaking from adjacent ommatidia.


description: Enables the transport of L-aspartate and fumarate across a membrane according to the reaction L-aspartate (out) + fumarate (in) = L-aspartate (in) + fumarate (out).


name: transcription factor TFIIH holo complex binding

description: Binding to a transcription factor TFIIH holo complex.


FACT complex binding

description: Binding to a FACT complex.


name: NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex binding

description: Binding to a NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex.


TAP complex binding

description: Binding to a TAP complex.


description: Binding to an oligosaccharyltransferase complex.


BBSome binding

description: Binding to a BBSome complex.


name: box C/D methylation guide snoRNP complex binding

description: Binding to a box C/D methylation guide snoRNP complex.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex binding

description: Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex.


name: PSII associated light-harvesting complex II binding

description: Binding to a PSII associated light-harvesting complex II.


chloroplast photosystem I binding

description: Binding to a chloroplast photosystem I.


chloroplast photosystem II binding

description: Binding to a chloroplast photosystem II.


GARP complex binding

description: Binding to a GARP complex.


SAGA complex binding

description: Binding to a SAGA complex.


Pi Mi complex

description: A transcription factor complex composed of a homeodomain protein and the M-specific peptide Mi that acts at the regulatory region of genes required for the activation of meiosis.


H3K9me3 modified histone binding

description: Binding to a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 9 has been modified by trimethylation.


histone mRNA stem-loop binding complex

description: A protein-containing complex composed of a stem-loop binding protein (in most species SLBP) and its interacting partner (SLIP1 or MIF4GD in most species) that binds to the histone mRNA (hmRNA) 3-prime-stem-loop structure. Facilitates hmRNA translation initiation and may also be involved in its processing and nuclear export.


pollen aperture

description: An area where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen wall.


pollen aperture formation

description: The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.


acyl-CoA delta5-desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA).


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase complex

description: A protein complex capable of catalysing the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


TSC1-TSC2 complex binding

description: Binding to a TSC1-TSC2 complex.


ATG2-ATG18 complex

description: A protein complex essential for autophagy during nutrient deprivation, a catabolic process that sequesters undesired cellular material into autophagosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation. Contributes to nutrition homeostasis and damage control in eukaryotic cells. Functions at a late step of autophagosome formation for efficient completion of sequestration, probably through facilitating recruitment of ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS) and/or its protection from deconjugation by ATG4. Composed of ATG2 and ATG18 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


name: inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

description: Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


name: activating MHC class Ib receptor activity

description: Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


name: HLA-E specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

description: Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


name: HLA-G specific inhibitory MHC class Ib receptor activity

description: Combining with a MHC class Ib molecule of the HLA-G subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


name: regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


name: positive regulation of capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


name: regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


name: positive regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


name: regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


name: positive regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


Ycf2/FtsHi complex

description: A protein complex located in the chloroplast inner membrane and facing the stroma that is associated with the chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex and provides the ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.


Yae1-Lto1 complex

description: A cytosolic complex that functions as an substrate-specific adaptor, linking the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) targeting complex to apo-Rli1p, an ABC protein involved in ribosome recycling, facilitating Fe-S cluster insertion and the maturation of the Rli1p.


lysophagy

description: The selective autophagy process in which a damaged lysosome is degraded by macroautophagy.


stomach development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ.


description: The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


kinetochore disassembly

description: The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


chemosynthesis

description: The cellular metabolic process in which organic chemical compounds are synthesized from carbon-containing molecules and nutrients using energy obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds or methane.


name: regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


name: negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


name: positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


name: peptidyl-aspartic acid 3-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-aspartate + succinate + CO2.


name: female germline stem cell symmetric division

description: Division of a female germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


pumilio-response element binding

description: Binding to a region of RNA containing a Pumilio-response element element. The consensus sequence for the element is UGUAAAUA.


RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.


name: regulation of protein localization to non-growing cell tip

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a non-growing cell tip.


name: negative regulation of protein localization to non-growing cell tip

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a non-growing cell tip.


name: regulation of DNA recombinase disassembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA recombinase disassembly, the disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent components.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombinase disassembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombinase complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent components.


zinc ion import into organelle

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into the organelle.


name: fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid primary amide.


early phagosome lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early phagosome.


phenyloplast

description: A chloroplast-derived plastid in which the solid form of phenol is stored.


LinE complex

description: A protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.


LinE complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components during meiotic prophase to form a LinE complex, the protein complex that associates with chromatin to form linear elements in fission yeast. In S. pombe, the LinE complex contains four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20) and other associated proteins.


linear element maturation

description: The meiotic cell cycle chromosome organization process in which LinE complexes closely associate with chromatin during meiotic prophase to form mature linear elements.


name: histone H3K37 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 37) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 37). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 37 of the histone H3 protein.


regulation of linear element maturation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of linear element maturation.


4-hydroxybutyrate receptor activity

description: Combining with 4-hydroxybutyrte to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: regulation of mitochondrial gene expression

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


name: fatty acid primary amide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform primary fatty amides.


name: fatty acid primary amide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary fatty amides.


MutSgamma complex

description: A heterodimer involved in the stabilization of DNA recombination intermediates, the promotion of crossover recombination, and the proper assembly of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic prophase nuclei. In yeast the complex consists of two subunits, Msh4 and Msh5.


chitin-based extracellular matrix

description: Any constituent part of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous extracellular matrix secreted from the apical surface of an epithelial sheet.


adhesive extracellular matrix

description: A extracellular matrix which attaches an organism to a substrate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


name: regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


name: negative regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


name: positive regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that starts, increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


name: low-density lipoprotein receptor complex

description: A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors.


cargo receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of a membrane and which functions as a cargo receptor.


name: camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hyphae septin collar

description: A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell.


nuclear exosome targeting complex

description: A protein-containing complex that functions with the RNA exosome and contributes to the degradation of abberant transcripts.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-beta-ethynylserine. L-beta-ethynylserine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


L-propargylglycine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-propargylglycine (Pra). L-propargylglycine is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces bacteria.


L-propargylglycine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate.


4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).


L-lysine 4-chlorinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H+ + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate.


name: detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

description: The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


description: Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (+)-artemisinate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


catalase complex

description: A protein-containing complex that is capable of catalase activity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: C5-methylcytidine-containing RNA reader activity

description: A protein adaptor that recognizes and binds an RNA molecule modified by C5-methylcytidine.


N6-methyl-AMP deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + H2O + N6-methyl-AMP = IMP + methylamine. Can also use N6-methyl-dAMP as a substrate.


curli secretion complex

description: A protein-containing complex that serves as a channel for the secretion of curli. Curli are a fibers that serve as a major component of the extracellular matrix of pellicle biofilms.


name: mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane.


name: mitochondrial ATP-gated potassium channel complex

description: A protein-containing complex that is capable of the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane.


name: chloride:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + proton(in) = chloride(in) + proton(out).


contractile vacuole complex

description: A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


spongiome

description: A cellular anatomical entity which is a network of tubules and vessicles and is part of the contractile vacuole complex. It is involved in the discharge of water externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


name: regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.


name: positive regulation of pyocyanine biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a pyocyanine biosynthetic process.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


name: regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.


name: positive regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring formation.


name: negative regulation of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly.


complement component C1q complex

description: A protein-containing complex composed of six subunits of each of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB. It is a subunit of the complement C1 complex. In addition to complement activation, C1q appears to have roles in homeostasis and cellular development, superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils, blood coagulation and neurological synapse pruning.


name: negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


name: regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

description: Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


lutein metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.


lutein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein.


lutein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lutein.


brexanolone metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.


brexanolone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.


brexanolone catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone.


R-loop processing

description: A DNA metabolic process that results in the disassembly of R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisitng of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a looped-out non-template strand. Aberrant formation and persistence of R-loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage. Mechanisms that resolve R-loops are essential for genome stability.


radial spoke assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules.


vitamin D 23-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-23 of any form of vitamin D.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = (23S)-23,25-dihydroxycalciol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


name: 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity

description: Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


name: all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


name: all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


secalciferol 1-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction:2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


anandamide epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide.


anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(11,12-epoxy-5Z,8Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


galactoxylomannan biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactoxylomannan. Galactoxylomannan is produced by a pathogenic fungus and causes paralysis in some animals.


L-rhamnose mutarotase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose.


D-ribose pyranase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-ribopyranose = beta-D-ribofuranose.


cytoplasmic microtubule minus-end

description: A microtubule minus end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


microtubule bundle maintenance

description: The organization process that preserves a microtubule bundle in a stable functional or structural state.


regulation of lysosome size

description: Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


cellular response to chemical stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


RAM/MOR signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: An intracellular signaling cascade that starts with the activation of S. cerevisiae Kic1p, which activate Mob2p and Cbk1p. Cbk1p phosphorylates Ace2p, which results in its nuclear translocation, where it regulates transcription of genes involved in polarity and morphogenesis.


actin wave

description: A cellular anatomical entity that is part of the actin cytoskeleton and results in a wave-like propagation of actin networks. It consists of dynamic structures traveling on the ventral (substrate-attached) side of the cell during cell migration, cytokinesis, adhesion and neurogenesis.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


Viteagnusin D synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


miltiradiene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene.


manoyl oxide synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 8-hydroxycopalyl diphosphate = (13R)-manoyl oxide + diphosphate.


name: regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


name: spatial regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

description: Any process that modulates the distribution of sites along the chromosome where meiotic DNA double-strand break formation takes place as part of reciprocal meiotic recombination.


shoot regeneration

description: The regeneration process by which a damaged or lost shoot regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to produce a new shoot meristem and subsequently a new shoot.


root regeneration

description: The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.


name: regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation from early origin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of firing from an early origin of replication involved in mitotic DNA replication.


peroxynitrite isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: peroxynitrite = nitrate.


name: regulation of somatic muscle development

description: Any process that regulates the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


name: positive regulation of somatic muscle development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


name: negative regulation of somatic muscle development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


name: regulation of adult somatic muscle development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


name: positive regulation of adult somatic muscle development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


name: negative regulation of adult somatic muscle development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


name: regulation of larval somatic muscle development

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


name: negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


name: positive regulation of larval somatic muscle development

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


prostanoid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids.


F2-isoprostane catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane.


name: platelet activating factor catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


axonemal basal plate assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate.


ionocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an ionocyte. Ionocytes are specialized epithelial cells that contribute to osmotic homeostasis.


protein localization to postsynapse

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the postsynapse, the part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


Smp focus

description: A DNA-binding ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a lncRNA complementary to the bound chromosomal locus and is involved in the tethering homologous chromosomes together during chromosome pairing at meiotic prophase I.


name: heterochromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

description: Binding to heterochromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization.


name: euchromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

description: Binding to euchromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the euchromatin location and organization.


name: double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity

description: Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair.


name: double membrane vesicle viral factory membrane

description: One of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


name: double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane

description: The outer of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


name: double membrane vesicle viral factory lumen

description: The volume surrounded by the inner membrane of a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


name: double membrane vesicle viral factory inner membrane

description: The inner of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


exocytic vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by an exocytic vesicle.


chloroplast vesicle

description: A intracellular vesicle that is part of a chloroplast.


cleistothecium formation

description: The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


specification of axis polarity

description: The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.


name: intracellular protein transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein-containing complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex.


protein-DNA complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


protein-lipid complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.


biological regulation

description: Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function.


regulation of biological quality

description: Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


regulation of molecular function

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.


aspartic-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


glutamic-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


threonine-type peptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


cysteine-type exopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of C- or N-terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


cysteine-type aminopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


metalloaminopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


serine-type exopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


serine-type aminopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


oligopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


intracellular organelle lumen

description: An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.


sucrase-isomaltase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.


armadillo repeat domain binding

description: Binding to an armadillo repeat domain, an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila segment polarity protein armadillo. Arm-repeat proteins are involved in various processes, including intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal regulation.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.


name: transforming growth factor beta ligand-receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand.


description: A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.


CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


carbon monoxide binding

description: Binding to carbon monoxide (CO).


nitric oxide binding

description: Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


carbon monoxide sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of carbon monoxide (CO).


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


description: A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


name: synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


name: synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).


telomerase RNA binding

description: Binding to the telomerase RNA template.


name: rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methylpseudouridine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine2503 in 23S rRNA + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methyladenosine2503 in 23S rRNA + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).


description: A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).


endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).


neuron cellular homeostasis

description: The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.


fibrinogen binding

description: Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.


collagen V binding

description: Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


thrombospondin receptor activity

description: Combining with thrombospondin and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

description: Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


prospore membrane leading edge

description: The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization.


name: prospore membrane spindle pole body attachment site

description: The region of the prospore membrane to which the spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored; the prospore membrane extends from the SPB attachment site to surround the spore nucleus.


tRNA gene clustering

description: The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


name: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

description: The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


'de novo' actin filament nucleation

description: The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.


fructose binding

description: Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-hex-2-ulose.


extracellular exosome

description: A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.


RNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to an RNA polymerase molecule or complex.


proline-rich region binding

description: Binding to a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein.


cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).


description: A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).


syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex

description: A SNARE complex that contains syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


description: A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


cytochrome complex

description: A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.


name: proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.


name: vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


name: clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels

description: The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.


mononeme

description: A secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex; a small, threadlike structure located is close proximity to the subpellicular microtubules. Its contents include a rhomboid protease (PfROM1 in Plasmodium falciparum) that moves from the lateral asymmetric localization to the merozoite apical pole and the posterior pole upon release of merozoites from schizonts.


tear secretion

description: The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.


titin Z domain binding

description: Binding to a titin Z protein domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.


name: clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle

description: A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing monoamines.


name: clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.


name: clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.


glycosylation

description: The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.


ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

description: Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.


chromo shadow domain binding

description: Binding to a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.


polyhydroxyalkanoate granule

description: An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.


name: chloride-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the chloride concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of potassium ions across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


metaphase plate

description: The intracellular plane, located halfway between the poles of the spindle, where chromosomes align during metaphase of mitotic or meiotic nuclear division.


glucagon secretion

description: The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans).


regulation of glucagon secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


name: negative regulation of glucagon secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


name: positive regulation of glucagon secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


fructose-6-phosphate binding

description: Binding to fructose 6-phosphate.


name: mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


delta-catenin binding

description: Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex.


chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-6 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.


organellar chromatophore

description: A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active and incapable of an independent existence outside its host. The chromatophore functions as a photosynthetic organelle, and has been found and characterized in the amoeba Paulinella chromatophora.


organellar chromatophore membrane

description: Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


organellar chromatophore inner membrane

description: The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


organellar chromatophore outer membrane

description: The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


name: organellar chromatophore intermembrane space

description: The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


organellar chromatophore thylakoid

description: A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore.


name: organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen

description: The volume enclosed by an organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane.


name: organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.


ciliary neurotrophic factor binding

description: Binding to the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor.


name: ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Kupffer's vesicle development

description: The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III

description: Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.


mitochondrial translational initiation

description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


mitochondrial translational elongation

description: The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.


mitochondrial translational termination

description: The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).


name: tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation

description: The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial translation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


name: regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


name: ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).


SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.


response to UV-A

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


synaptic vesicle budding

description: Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.


description: The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


tight junction

description: A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


anchoring junction

description: A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.


adiponectin secretion

description: The regulated release of adiponectin, a protein hormone, by adipose tissue.


regulation of adiponectin secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


name: negative regulation of adiponectin secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


name: positive regulation of adiponectin secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell.


enamel mineralization

description: The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.


name: regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


name: negative regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


name: positive regulation of biomineral tissue development

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


name: negative regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


name: positive regulation of tooth mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: negative regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


name: positive regulation of enamel mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


DRM complex

description: A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.


contractile vacuole discharge

description: The regulated release of water from a contractile vacuole to the outside of a cell by fusion of the contractile vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane.


D-serine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


D-serine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

description: Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

description: Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.


DNA polymerase binding

description: Binding to a DNA polymerase.


description: The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


description: The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

description: The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


growth hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of growth hormone, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary or the placenta into the circulation, and binds to membrane receptors in target tissues to stimulate body growth.


shelterin complex

description: A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Saccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.


kynurenine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.


name: chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle

description: A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle.


synaptonemal complex organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.


synaptonemal complex disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.


growth hormone receptor complex

description: A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.


name: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.


name: meiotic attachment of telomere to nuclear envelope

description: The meiotic cell cycle process in which physical connections are formed between telomeric heterochromatin and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.


name: protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region

description: Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.


name: establishment of protein localization to chromosome

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.


name: establishment of protein localization to telomere

description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


name: regulation of establishment of protein localization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.


name: regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.


name: regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.


protein trimerization

description: The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


protein homotrimerization

description: The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.


protein heterotrimerization

description: The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

description: A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


Snt2C complex

description: A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.


protein poly-ADP-ribosylation

description: The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.


protein auto-ADP-ribosylation

description: The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


CSK-GAP-A.p62 complex

description: A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.


name: transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.


aerobic sulfur oxidation

description: A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.


name: sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase

description: A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.


name: sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase

description: A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.


name: sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase

description: A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.


name: sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2S (hydrogen sulfide) + a quinone = S0 (sulfane sulfur) + a hydroquinone.


sulfide dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S + reduced cytochrome c.


name: sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.


lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


name: regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


name: positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


T cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


regulation of T cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


name: positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


name: regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


name: negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


name: positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.


name: regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


name: negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


name: positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.


name: regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


name: positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


natural killer cell apoptotic process

description: Any apoptotic process in a natural killer cell, a lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation.


name: regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


name: negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


name: positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


mating projection membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


actin-mediated cell contraction

description: The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.


somatostatin secretion

description: The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


mucus secretion

description: The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.


regulation of mucus secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


negative regulation of mucus secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


positive regulation of mucus secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


inner membrane pellicle complex

description: A membrane structure formed of two closely aligned lipid bilayers that lie beneath the plasma membrane and form part of the pellicle surrounding an apicomplexan parasite cell.


tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.


peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

description: The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.


external side of fungal-type cell wall

description: The side of the fungal-type cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.


transcription factor TFIIIE complex

description: A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.


necroptotic process

description: A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.


cornification

description: A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


pyroptotic inflammatory response

description: A gasdermin-dependent inflammatory response that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18. Gasdermins are activated by caspase-1 or caspase-4/11, or by certain granzymes. In some, but not all cells, it can lead to pyroptotic programmed cell death.


description: Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.


RES complex

description: A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


name: aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime

description: The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.


halogen metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.


name: extracellular matrix constituent secretion

description: The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.


vitamin B6 binding

description: Binding to a vitamin B6 compound: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, or the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


pyridoxal binding

description: Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.


pyridoxamine binding

description: Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


pyridoxine binding

description: Binding to pyridoxine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


name: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.


pigment cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.


axonemal dynein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.


ferritin receptor activity

description: Combining with ferritin, and delivering ferritin into the cell via endocytosis.


ferritin complex

description: A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. There are three major subclasses of ferritins: the classical ferritins (Ftn), the heme-containing bacterioferritins (Bfr) and the DNA-binding proteins from starved cells (Dps). Ftn and Bfr are made of 24 subunits, whereas Dps are smaller with 12 subunits. Ftn is found in most kindoms, while Bfr and Dps are restricted to prokaryotes.


name: N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NAPE) = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + an N-acylethanolamine (NAE) + H+.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


renal absorption

description: A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


renal sodium ion absorption

description: A renal system process in which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


renal water absorption

description: A renal system process in which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures.


name: sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport

description: The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


name: regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


name: negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


name: positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


phosphatidic acid binding

description: Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


name: regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


name: negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


name: positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


response to cGMP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


lens fiber cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.


lens fiber cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


lens fiber cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


lens fiber cell morphogenesis

description: The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


ATR-ATRIP complex

description: A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.


name: nucleosomal methylation activator complex

description: A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.


RAD52-ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

description: A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.


RGS6-DNMT1-DMAP1 complex

description: A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.


G1 to G0 transition

description: A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.


name: G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation

description: A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.


regulation of G0 to G1 transition

description: A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


name: negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition

description: A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


name: positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition

description: A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


name: Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle

description: A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


name: inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel.


thyroid hormone binding

description: Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.


lipoprotein particle receptor binding

description: Binding to a lipoprotein particle receptor.


name: very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

description: Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein receptor.