renal urate salt excretion

description: The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

description: Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


RNA polymerase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template.


3'-5' RNA polymerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 5'-end.


membrane tubulation

description: A membrane organization process resulting in the formation of a tubular projection. This may face inwardly (as in tubular membrane invaginations) or outwardly (as in endosomal tubules).


endosome membrane tubulation

description: A membrane tubulation process occurring in an endosome membrane.


spore-bearing structure formation

description: The process of generating a spore-bearing structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


regulation of DNA stability

description: Any process that modulates the stability of DNA.


membrane bending

description: A membrane organization process resulting in the bending of a membrane.


clathrin-mediated membrane bending

description: A membrane bending process mediated by clathrin.


name: receptor-mediated bacteriophage reversible attachment to host cell

description: Process by which a bacteriophage, using its tail fibers, spikes or a baseplate component, initially recognizes and binds to its specific receptor on the host cell surface. This process is reversible and allows the release of a bacteriophage without affecting infection.


name: receptor-mediated bacteriophage irreversible attachment to host cell

description: The processes by which a bacteriophage initially commits to infection by binding the host receptor irreversibly. Disruption of the phage:cell complex at this step results in the loss of infective phage virions since the process is characterized by conformational changes of bacteriophage head and tail proteins and injection of bacteriophage proteins into the infected cell.


viral tail assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail.


virus tail fiber assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail fiber.


viral head-tail joining

description: Process by which virus heads and tails are attached to each other.


viral DNA genome packaging, headful

description: The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid where DNA is packaged into the capsid until the capsid is full.


viral terminase, large subunit

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The part of the viral terminase complex that contains the translocase and endonuclease activities and allows the translocation of the phage DNA into the procapsid. The large subunit usually assembles as a heterooligomer with the small subunit.


virus tail

description: Part of the virion that may be used to recognize, attach and inject the viral genome and accessory proteins into the host cell.


viral capsid, major subunit

description: The part of the viral capsid that comprises the most common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the hexameric capsomeres are major subunits.


viral capsid, minor subunit

description: The part of the viral capsid that comprises the less common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the pentameric capsomeres are minor subunits.


viral capsid, decoration

description: Component of the virus capsid (head), located on the outer head surface. Involved in the stabilization of the head structure and usually non-essential.


viral capsid, fiber

description: A type of capsid decoration composed of fiber structures.


virus tail, tip

description: The basal end of the virus tail, which is used by the virus to attach to the host cell.


virus tail, fiber

description: The fibrous region of the virus tail used to scan, recognize and attach to the host cell.


virus tail, baseplate

description: Multiprotein component at the distal (head) end of the virus tail to which fibers of tailed viruses may be attached.


virus tail, tube

description: The internal tube of the contractile tails of some viruses. The virus tail tube is the channel for DNA ejection into the host cytoplasm.


virus tail, sheath

description: The external contractile envelope of the tail of some viruses. Its contraction ensures ejection of the virus DNA into the host cytoplasm.


virus tail, shaft

description: The tube of the non-contractile tails of some viruses.


icosahedral viral capsid, spike

description: A short structure attached to an icosahedral virion capsid, and used for attachment to the host cell.


icosahedral viral capsid, neck

description: A region of constriction located below the head and above the tail sheath of viruses with contractile tails (Myoviridae).


icosahedral viral capsid, collar

description: A small disk located at the base of some icosahedral virus capsids.


icosahedral viral capsid, collar fiber

description: A fiber attached to the collar structure of some icosahedral viral capsids.


icosahedral viral capsid, neck fiber

description: A fiber attached to the neck at the base of some icosahedral viral capsids.


name: viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

description: The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites by a viral terminase.


name: viral DNA genome packaging, 3' extended cos packaging

description: The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 3' protruding ends.


name: viral DNA genome packaging, 5' extended cos packaging

description: The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 5' protruding ends.


non-replicative DNA transposition

description: Process by which a transposable element is excised from the donor site and integrated at the target site without replication of the element. Also referred to as cut-and-paste transposition.


replicative DNA transposition

description: Process of transposition in which the existing element is replicated and one of the copies is excised and integrated at a new target site. Also referred to as copy-and-paste transposition.


virus baseplate assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus baseplate.


type V protein secretion system complex

description: A complex of proteins that permits the translocation of proteins across the outer membrane via a transmembrane pore, formed by a beta-barrel, into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells; the secreted proteins contain all the information required for translocation of an effector molecule through the cell envelope. The type V secretion systems includes the autotransporters (type Va), the two-partner secretion system (type Vb) and the Oca family (type Vc).


viral capsid, internal space

description: The region of a virus contained within the capsid shell, and usually containing the viral genome and accessory proteins.


G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

description: Binding to G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


polynucleotide 3' dephosphorylation

description: The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 3' end of a polynucleotide.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

description: The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


endothelial to hematopoietic transition

description: The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.


sensory perception of humidity

description: The series of events required for an organism to detect some level of humidity in its environment, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of high humidity

description: The series of events required for an organism to detect high environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of low humidity

description: The series of events required for an organism to detect low environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


name: detection of humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of humidity.


detection of humidity

description: The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


name: detection of high humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a high humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of high humidity.


name: detection of low humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

description: The series of events in which a low humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of low humidity.


detection of high humidity

description: The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of low humidity

description: The series of events in which low humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


excitatory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction

description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.


name: neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.


neuromuscular junction of myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.


name: excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.


name: inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

description: A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.


name: neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle

description: A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


name: neuromuscular junction development, skeletal muscle fiber

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction that targets a skeletal muscle fiber.


positive regulation of strand invasion

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


name: ligand-activated transcription factor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that modulates the transcription of specific genes and gene sets. Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and steroid hormone receptors.


name: ATPase dependent transmembrane transport complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex that functions in ATPase dependent active transport across a membrane.


centriole assembly

description: A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles.


name: de novo centriole assembly involved in multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

description: Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo by a process involving an electron-dense structure known as a deuterosome, rather than by duplication of an existing centriole, and occurring as part of multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation.


deuterosome

description: A spherical, electron dense, cytoplasmic structure that is involved in de novo assembly of centrioles.


name: lumenal side of transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: lumenal side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


defense response to other organism

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.


detection of other organism

description: The series of events in which a stimulus from another organism is received and converted into a molecular signal.


maintenance of protein complex location

description: Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of protein complexes that move away.


name: maintenance of protein complex location in cytoplasm

description: Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a specific location within the cytoplasm and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


lumenal side of Golgi membrane

description: The side of the Golgi membrane that faces the lumen.


cytoplasmic side of Golgi membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the Golgi membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


somatic ring canal

description: A stable intercellular bridge between somatic cells. Examples include the intercellular bridges between ovarian follicle cells in insects and between imaginal disc cells in insects.


lumenal side of early endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


lumenal side of late endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


side of membrane

description: A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


name: lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: lumenal side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: cytoplasmic side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: lumenal side of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.


name: cytoplasmic side of early endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: methyl accepting chemotaxis protein complex

description: A transmembrane protein complex that consists of multiple methyl-accepting chemoreceptor protein subunits, a histidine kinase and a connector protein and which functions in the regulation of flagellar rotary motor activity in response to an external chemical stimulus.


cytoplasmic side of membrane

description: The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


name: trans-Golgi network transport vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the membrane of a trans-Golgi network transport vesicle.


lumenal side of endosome membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the endosome membrane that faces the lumen.


transport vesicle lumen

description: The volume enclosed within the membrane of a transport vesicle.


periplasmic side of plasma membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of a plasma membrane that faces the periplasm, and all proteins embedded in it or attached to its surface.


name: external side of mycolate outer membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the environment and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


name: internal side of mycolate outer membrane

description: The side of the mycolate outer membrane that faces the cell wall peptidoglycan. It is rich in long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network.


stromal side of plastid inner membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid inner membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


name: lumenal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the lumen, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


name: stromal side of plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the plastid thylakoid membrane that faces the stroma, and any proteins embedded in it or loosely bound to its surface.


cytoplasmic side of lysosomal membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the lysosomal membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


lumenal side of lysosomal membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the lysosomal membrane that faces the lumen.


lumenal side of membrane

description: Any side (leaflet) of a membrane that faces the lumen of an organelle.


inactive sex chromosome

description: A sex chromosome that has been inactivated.


name: condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome

description: A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.


active sex chromosome

description: A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated.


detection of external biotic stimulus

description: The series of events in which an external biotic stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal. An external biotic stimulus is defined as one caused or produced by a living organism other than the one being stimulated.


innate vocalization behavior

description: A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.


learned vocalization behavior

description: A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.


host cell synaptic vesicle

description: A secretory organelle of a host cell, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


host cell synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a host synaptic vesicle.


cellular response to virus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


bounding membrane of organelle

description: The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.


plasma membrane region

description: A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.


external side of apical plasma membrane

description: The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


name: cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane

description: The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


goblet cell theca

description: A cup shaped specialization of the cytoskeleton that forms a thin layer located just below the apical mass of mature mucin secretory granules in the cytoplasm of goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium. It consists of an orderly network of intermediate filaments and microtubules. Microtubules are arranged vertically, like barrel staves, along the inner aspect of the theta. Intermediate filaments form two networks: an inner, basketlike network and an outer series of circumferential bundles resembling the hoops of a barrel.


mucin granule

description: A secretory granule that contains mucin.


perivitelline space

description: The space between the membrane of an oocyte and a surrounding membranous structure (zona pellucida or perivitelline membrane).


imitative learning

description: Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.


observational learning

description: Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.


name: learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning

description: Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned.


palmitoyl hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.


selenomethionine gamma-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Methaneselenol + Ammonia + 2-oxobutanoic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Orthophosphate + Diphosphate + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine.


selenol Se-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine => CH3-R + Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine.


adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenocystathionine + H2O => L-Selenocysteine + NH3 + 2-Oxobutanoic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine + H2O => pyruvic acid + NH3 + Methaneselenol.


methylselenol demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.


cell-cell adhesion

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

description: The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methaneselenol => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethyl selenide.


name: hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + hydrogen selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methaneselenol.


name: dimethyl selenide methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dimethyl selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trimethylselenonium.


name: selenate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2SeO4 => diphosphate + adenylylselenate.


adenylylselenate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate.


selenomethionine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-selenomethionine + tRNA(Met) => AMP + diphosphate + selenomethionyl-tRNA(Met).


selenocysteine-tRNA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tRNASec + L-Ser + ATP = Ser-tRNASec + AMP + diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: Ser-tRNA(Sec) + ATP = Sep-tRNA(Sec) + ADP.


name: O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphoric acid + H2O => L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + 2 phosphoric acid.


name: selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH = gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.


selenite reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + selenite + NADP+ + H+.


methylselenol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeOH => NADP+ + CH3SeH + H2O.


methylseleninic acid reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeO2H => NADP+ + CH3SeOH + H2O.


protein arginine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phospho-L-arginyl-[protein] +H2O = L-arginyl-[protein] + phosphate.


description: The removal of phosphate residues from peptidyl-N-phospho-arginine to form peptidyl-arginine.


name: trans-Golgi network membrane organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a trans-Golgi network membrane.


aggregation of unicellular organisms

description: The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates.


cell adhesion mediator activity

description: The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on a cell surface to an adhesion molecule on another cell surface or an external substrate, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell.


cell-cell adhesion mediator activity

description: The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell.


collagen fibril binding

description: Binding to a collagen fibril.


cell-matrix adhesion mediator activity

description: The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the extracellular matrix.


name: protein complex involved in cell-cell adhesion

description: Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.


name: protein complex involved in cell adhesion

description: Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell.


name: protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


name: laminin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any laminin protein binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.


name: collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.


name: integrin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

description: Any integrin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


name: cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion

description: Any cadherin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.


network-forming collagen trimer

description: A collagen trimer that forms networks.


banded collagen fibril

description: A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).


complex of collagen trimers

description: A complex of collagen trimers such as a fibril or collagen network.


collagen network

description: A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.


collagen sheet

description: A protein complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a sheet-like network.


collagen beaded filament

description: A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.


collagen anchoring fibril

description: A specialised collagen fibril that functions as an anchor, binding to other collagen structures.


peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase binding

description: Binding to a peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase.


basement membrane collagen trimer

description: Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane.


collagen type VII anchoring fibril

description: An antiparallel dimer of two collagen VII trimers, one end of which is embedded in the lamina densa while the other end attaches to banded collagen fibrils in the dermis.


centromere clustering

description: The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


CENP-A recruiting complex

description: A protein complex that includes Mis16(Yippee family) and/or Mis18 (WD repeat) subunits that is involved in the deposition of centromere specific (CENP-A containing) nucleosomes at the centromere.


name: monoatomic cation transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a monoatomic cation is transported across a membrane. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are positively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


name: monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a monoatomic anion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


import into cell

description: The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


name: inorganic anion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic anions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: inorganic cation import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of inorganic cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


inorganic ion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an inorganic ion is transported across a membrane.


inorganic anion transmembrane transport

description: The process in which an inorganic anion is transported across a membrane.


name: inorganic cation transmembrane transport

description: A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


serotonin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of serotonin receptor activity.


name: G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that is capable of G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity.


superinfection exclusion

description: The process by which a preexisting viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus. Typically some aspect of viral entry is inhibited, but post entry mechanisms have also been documented.


name: entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that mediates/triggers viral entry by endocytosis/pinocytosis or by inducing fusion/penetration.


name: adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface that does not mediate or trigger entry into the host cell. This binding is typically reversible and enhances significantly infectivity by concentrating the virus in the vicinity of its entry receptors, or bringing it to an organ in which its target cells are located.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host CRISPR-cas system

description: A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the CRISPR-cas system of its host. Bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves from infection by bacteriophages (phages), and phages have various mechanisms to counter the CRISPR-cas system.


name: inhibition of host DNA replication by virus

description: Any process by which a virus inhibits DNA replication in its host cell. Some bacteriophages are known to do this, possibly as a way of increasing the pool of nucleotides available for virus replication.


name: extrinsic component of neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

description: The component of the neuronal dense core vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


modulation of host virulence by virus

description: A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


virion maturation

description: Maturation of a virion after separation from the host cell. Not all viruses mature after separation. In those that do, maturation typically involves rearangement and/or cleavage of viral proteins, resulting in the virion becoming competent for reinfection.


viral tropism switching

description: A process by which the range of hosts which a virus can bind and infect is changed. Examples include phages that switch between types of fibers via the action of a virally encoded invertase.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the addition of a terminal nucleotide to an RNA molecule in the absence of a nucleic acid template.


synaptic ribbon

description: A non-membrane bound, electron dense structure associated that extends perpendicular to the presynaptic membrane in ribbon synapses. The ribbon's surface is studded with small particles to which synaptic vesicles tether via fine filaments. The tethered vesicles function as a pool, several fold greater than the docked pool available for fast release, which supports sustained release of vesicles. Synaptic ribbons may be plate like or spherical.


arciform density

description: An electron dense structure that anchors a synaptic ribbon to the presynaptic membrane.


cochlear hair cell ribbon synapse

description: A ribbon synpase of an auditory hair cell of the cochlear. These ribbon synapses contain spherical synaptic ribbons and lack and arciform density.


photoreceptor ribbon synapse

description: A ribbon synapse between a retinal photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) and a retinal bipolar cell. These contain a plate-like synaptic ribbon.


Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse

description: A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell.


hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse

description: One of the giant synapses that form between the mossy fiber axons of dentate gyrus granule cells and the large complex spines of CA3 pyramidal cells. It consists of a giant bouton known as the mossy fiber expansion, synapsed to the complex, multiheaded spine (thorny excresence) of a CA3 pyramidal cell.


chromosomal region

description: Any subdivision of a chromosome along its length.


parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

description: An excitatory synapse formed by the parallel fibers of granule cells synapsing onto the dendrites of Purkinje cells.


latency-replication decision

description: The process by which a virus switches on its replication cycle in an infected cell. The process is typically controlled by a genetic switch controlled by environmental factors such as cell type, cell shape, the availability of nutrients, superinfection or exposure of infected cells to UV or various chemical stimuli.


glycinergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


dopaminergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


noradrenergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses noradrenaline as a neurotransmitter.


regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synaptic vesicle cycle.


name: regulation of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic endocytic zone membrane.


name: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


name: regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane.


name: ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

description: Any ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


postsynaptic specialization assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.


name: structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


name: neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

description: The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action of proton pumps.


adenine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of adenine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: calcium ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: carbohydrate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of a carbohydrate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: copper ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of copper ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: iron ion import across cell outer membrane

description: The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the cell outer membrane and into the periplasmic space.


glucose import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of glucose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: glutathione import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of glutathione from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


guanine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of guanine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


iron ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


malate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of malate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: malonic acid import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of malonic acid from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: nickel cation import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of nickel cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: pantothenate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of pantothenate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


serine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of serine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: sodium ion import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


succinate import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


uracil import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of uracil from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


asymmetric stem cell division

description: Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity.


skeletal muscle myofibril

description: A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.


symmetric stem cell division

description: Symmetric division of a stem cell to produce two stem cells of the same type as the parent. Symmetric stem cell division is necessary for amplification of stem cell populations in the absence of sources of stem cells external to an existing population.


symmetric cell division

description: Cell division in which both daughter cells are of the same type.


name: symmetric division of skeletal muscle satellite stem cell

description: The symmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell, resulting in two skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. This process is involved in amplification of the pool of these cells.


maintenance of cell number

description: Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type or in a tissue are maintained.


germline stem cell asymmetric division

description: The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes.


germline stem cell symmetric division

description: Division of a germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


name: male germline stem cell symmetric division

description: The symmetric division of a male germline stem cell to produce two male germline stem cells. An example of this is found in mammalian spermatogonial stem cells, some proportion of which divide symmetrically, so amplifying the population. The choice between asymmetric and symmetric division in this case appears to be internal and stochastic.


name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

description: Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during skeletal muscle regeneration. There are at least two mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells.


macromolecule deacylation

description: The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.


name: hemidesmosome associated protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of or has some part in a hemidesmosome.


macromolecule depalmitoylation

description: The removal of palymitoyl groups from a macromolecule.


name: positive regulation of the force of heart contraction

description: Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of the force of heart contraction

description: Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

description: The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


cell aggregation

description: The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.


name: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.


RNA decapping complex

description: A protein complex consisting of a Dcp1 regulatory subunit and a Dcp2 catalytic subunit that has mRNA cap binding activity and is involved in decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.


name: fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release.


name: slow, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

description: The slow, second phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on high affinity calcium sensors and decays slowly, typically with a decay constant of over 100ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the earlier, fast phase of release.


cerebellar neuron development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


FYXD domain binding

description: Binding to a FXYD domain.


bone cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


detoxification

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


name: maintenance of seed dormancy by absisic acid

description: The process by which seed dormancy is maintained by the presence of absisic acid.


response to interleukin-21

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-21

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


response to interleukin-8

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-8

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


response to interleukin-7

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-7

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


meiotic cell cycle phase

description: One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


mitotic cell cycle phase

description: One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


meiosis I cell cycle phase

description: A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.


meiosis II cell cycle phase

description: A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division).


meiotic prometaphase I

description: The meiotic cell cycle phase in eukaryotes between meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I. During meiotic prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and one kinetochore forms per chromosome. Chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and begin to move towards the metaphase plate.


TIMP family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) family. TIMPs are endogenous protein regulators of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) family.


FBXO family protein binding

description: Binding to a member of the FBXO protein family. Members of this family have an F-box protein motif of approximately 50 amino acids that functions as a site of protein-protein interaction.


inorganic ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.


molecular function regulator activity

description: A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition.


skin epidermis development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


curli

description: A proteinaceous extracellular fiber, produced by an enteric bacterium, that is involved in surface and cell-cell contacts that promote community behavior and host colonization.


curli assembly

description: The process of assembly of curli, extracellular fibers produced by enteric bacteria. This process occurs outside the cell, where it is coupled to secretion across the cell outer membrane via nucleation by elements of the transporter complex.


name: protein transport across the cell outer membrane

description: The directed movement of proteins across the cell outer membrane.


name: protein secretion by the type VIII secretion system

description: Protein secretion through the outer membrane via the mechanism used for the secretion of curli subunits.


name: curli subunit secretion coupled to curli assembly

description: The secretion of soluble curli subunits through the outer membrane, coupled to nucleation of curli fiber formation at the membrane surface.


name: positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


name: response to mitochondrial depolarisation

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to the depolarization of one or more mitochondria.


name: mechanosensitive potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


biofilm matrix organization

description: A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


biofilm matrix assembly

description: A process that results in the assembly of a biofilm matrix.


biofilm matrix disassembly

description: A process that results in the disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


dendritic knob

description: The terminal swelling of an apical dendrite of a ciliated olfactory receptor neuron. Each knob gives rise to 5 to 20 long delicate nonmotile cilia, which extend into the mucus covering the sensory epithelium.


Golgi apparatus subcompartment

description: A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of the Golgi apparatus.


xenophagy

description: The selective degradation of intracellular pathogen or some part of an intracellular pathogen (e.g. viral capsid) by macroautophagy.


presynapse

description: The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell.


postsynapse

description: The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell.


global gene silencing by mRNA cleavage

description: A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway that involves the cleavage of mRNAs in a non-gene-specific manner.


membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.


plasma membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.


description: A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.


name: outer mitochondrial membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the outer mitochondrial membrane.


name: inner mitochondrial membrane protein complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the inner mitochondrial membrane.


regulation of renal system process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system.


name: plasma membrane signaling receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane and which functions as a signaling receptor.


respiratory chain complex

description: Any protein complex that is part of a respiratory chain.


non-motile cilium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a non-motile cilium.


name: chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein complex

description: A protein complex that is part of a chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


mRNA cap binding

description: Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


nitrite reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = product(s) of nitrate reduction + reduced acceptor.


neurotransmitter reuptake

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter molecules from the extrasynaptic space into the presynaptic cytosol.


nuclear chromosome segregation

description: The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.


spontaneous synaptic transmission

description: The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.


name: modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


name: evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.


name: hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

description: A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


depolarization of postsynaptic membrane

description: A process that depolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an excitatory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential towards the firing threshold.


trans-synaptic protein complex

description: A protein complex that spans the synaptic cleft and has parts in both the pre- and post-synaptic membranes.


BMP receptor activity

description: Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: peptidyl-cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide

description: The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.


name: peptidyl-cysteine modification to S-amindino-L-cysteine

description: The amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.


peptidyl-cysteine sulfation

description: The sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

description: The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


name: endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane

description: The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum tubular network.


endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment

description: A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum.


name: modulation of inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). IPSP is a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


intestinal folate absorption

description: Uptake of folic into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


presynaptic endosome

description: An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. This organelle is believed to be involved in regeneration of synaptic vesicles.


name: presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component

description: A specialized region below the presynaptic membrane, characterized by electron-dense material, a specialized cytoskeletal matrix and accumulated (associated) synaptic vesicles.


peri-centrosomal recycling endosome

description: A recycling endosome that is organized around the microtubule organizing center, close to the nucleus. This is the main recycling endosome of most cells. It receives input from the Golgi as well as recycled molecules from early endosomes.


presynaptic endocytic zone

description: A specialized region of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoplasm which surround the the active zone, into which synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled following exocytosis. It is especially enriched in endocytic proteins following intense activity.


name: presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

description: The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The region of the presynaptic membrane that is part of the presynaptic endocytic zone - where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.


cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies within a dendritic spine. The actin component of this cytoskeleton is involved in spine head remodeling in response to postsynaptic signaling.


postsynaptic recycling endosome

description: A recycling endosome of the postsynapse. In postsynaptic terminals with dendritic spines, it is typically located at the base of a dendritic spine. It is involved in recycling of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. In some cases at least, this recycling is activated by postsynaptic signaling and so can play a role in long term potentiation.


folate transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a folic acid, or one of its derivatives (dihydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, methylene-tetrahydrofolate or methyl-tetrahydrofolate) is transported across a membrane.


postsynaptic density membrane

description: The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


protein transport along microtubule

description: The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.


name: protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis

description: A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division following cytokinesis.


postsynaptic early endosome

description: An early endosome of the postsynapse. It acts as the major sorting station on the endocytic pathway, targeting neurotransmitter receptors for degregation or recycling.


postsynaptic endocytic zone

description: A stably positioned site of clathrin adjacent and physically attached to the postsynaptic specialization, which is the site of endocytosis of post-synaptic proteins.


postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The region of the postsynaptic membrane that is part of the postsynaptic endocytic zone. This region of membrane is associated with stable clathrin puncta.


postsynaptic endosome

description: An endosomal compartment that is part of the post-synapse. Only early and recycling endosomes are typically present in the postsynapse.


podocyte foot

description: A cell projection of a podocyte (glomerular visceral epithelial cell) forming a foot-like structure projecting from a podocyte primary projection, that wraps around capillaries of a renal glomerulus. Adjacent feet (pedicels) interdigitate, leaving thin filtration slits between them, which are covered by slit diaphragms.


name: sequence-specific single stranded DNA binding

description: Binding to single-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition.


name: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 5-phosphate + methane.


cellular detoxification of cadmium ion

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium cations in a cell. These include transport of cadmium cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


name: extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


double-stranded miRNA binding

description: Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


lytic vacuole membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


name: endoplasmic reticulum-vacuole membrane contact site

description: A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and lytic vacuole membranes, structured by bridging complexes.


podocyte primary projection

description: A cell projection originating from a renal glomerular podocyte and extending to the renal glomerular podocyte foot.


HCN channel complex

description: A cation ion channel with a preference for K+ over Na+ ions, which is activated by membrane hyperpolarization, and consists of a tetramer of HCN family members. Some members of this family (HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4) are also activated when cAMP binds to their cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). Channel complexes of this family play an important role in the control of pacemaker activity in the heart.


intestinal lipid absorption

description: A process in which lipids are taken up from the contents of the intestine.


membrane microdomain

description: A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it.


actin-based cell projection

description: A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.


name: actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection

description: A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.


actin filament bundle of stereocilium

description: A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.


actin filament bundle of filopodium

description: A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.


cluster of actin-based cell projections

description: A cell part consisting of multiple, closely packed actin-based cell projections.


name: nuclear migration by microtubule mediated pushing forces

description: The directed movement of the nucleus by pushing forces exerted by polymerization of backward-extending microtubules.


name: symbiont-mediated stabilization of host tight cell-cell junction

description: The process in which a symbiont organism that stabilizes the its host tight cell-cell junctions, making them less dynamic. The tight junction is a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other, and plays a role in the inflammatory response of the host.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host tight cell-cell junction

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or temporarily subverts the tight cell-cell junctions between cells of the host. Tight cell-cell junctions, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


name: multivesicular body fusion to apical plasma membrane

description: The fusion of the membrane of a multivesicular body with the apical plasma membrane, resulting in release of exosomes from the cell.


intramembranous bone growth

description: The increase in size or mass of an intramembranous bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.


bone growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone.


cellular oxidant detoxification

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity superoxide radicals or hydrogen peroxide.


action potential propagation

description: The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


name: G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

description: A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.


name: neuronal action potential back-propagation

description: Propagation of an action potential in a neuron, from its site of initiation (typically the axon hillock) towards the soma.


spike train

description: A series of sequential, propagated action potentials occurring in a single cell.


epididymosome

description: A microvesicle of the epididymal fluid, from which spermatozoa acquire membrane proteins.


name: vesicle-mediated transport to the plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of substances to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane by exocytosis.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


neurotransmitter receptor complex

description: Any protein complex that is capable of functioning as a neurotransmitter receptor.


name: structural constituent of postsynaptic specialization

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic specialization.


name: maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure

description: A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic specialization.


name: exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane

description: The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


name: structural constituent of presynaptic active zone

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.


synapse pruning

description: A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.


name: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization

description: A receptor-mediated endocytosis process that results in the internalization of a neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic membrane endocytic zone into an endocytic vesicle.


name: modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


modification of dendritic spine

description: Any process that modifies the structure of a dendritic spine.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport, endosome to postsynaptic membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone

description: The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane

description: The component of the presynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


postsynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.


postsynaptic early endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.


spine apparatus membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the spine apparatus.


dense core granule lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the dense core granule membrane.


spine apparatus lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the spine apparatus membrane.


regulation of action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


name: regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential.


name: regulation of AV node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of bundle of His cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of SA node cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of neuronal action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.


name: regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


name: membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: The process in which atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


name: membrane depolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: The process in which ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


name: membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


name: membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

description: The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

description: Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


structural constituent of synapse

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a synapse.


name: structural constituent of postsynaptic density

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic density.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


name: extrinsic component of dense core granule membrane

description: The component of the dense core granule membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an soluble gas ligand.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


postsynaptic signal transduction

description: Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.


name: vesicle-mediated transport between endosomal compartments

description: A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles between endosomal compartments, e.g, between early endosome and sorting endosome.


presynaptic signal transduction

description: Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse.


axonal transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons.


name: virion attachment to host cell flagellum

description: The process by which a virion attaches to a the host cell flagellum. Some DNA bacterial viruses use flagella to attach to the host cell. This contact with the flagellum facilitates concentration of phage particles around the entry receptor on the bacterial cell surface.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via disruption of host cell wall peptidoglycan

description: The disruption by a symbiont of host cell wall peptidoglycans to allow entry into the host cell.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell envelope

description: The process in which a symbiont effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde dendritic transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in a dendrite from the postsynapse towards the cell body.


dendritic transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in dendrites.


anterograde dendritic transport

description: The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the postsynapse in dendrites.


actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

description: The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.


dendritic transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


name: anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

description: Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


name: anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

description: Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.


name: retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

description: Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor from the postsynaptic endosome in tranpsort vesicles to the lysosome for degradation.


name: postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome.


receptor diffusion trapping

description: The process by which a membrane receptor, diffusing freely within the plasma membeane, becomes trapped in some plasma membrane region. This can happen when a receptor bind, directly or indirectly, to some component of the underlying matrix.


presynaptic endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


name: anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


name: retrograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons towards the cell body and away from the presynapse.


name: retrograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the cell body and away from the postsynapse.


name: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


name: dendritic transport of ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


name: regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector function such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


name: dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites.


name: anterograde dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

description: The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.


extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft

description: The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.


perisynaptic extracellular matrix

description: The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.


name: exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to postsynaptic membrane

description: The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor containing vesicles with the postsynaptic membrane resulting in the integration of NT receptors, enabling them to participate in neurotransmitter reception. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport postsynaptic membrane to endosome

description: Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome.


name: neurotransmitter receptor transport to postsynaptic membrane

description: The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the postsynaptic membrane in transport vesicles.


name: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

description: The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped at the postsynaptic specialization membrane. This is typically due to interaction with components of the post-synaptic specialization.


name: anterograde dendritic transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex

description: The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.


name: anterograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion

description: The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the postsynapse and away from the cell body.


name: structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


name: postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


postsynapse of neuromuscular junction

description: The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma.


name: excitatory chemical synaptic transmission

description: Synaptic transmission that results in an excitatory postsynaptic potential.


name: inhibitory chemical synaptic transmission

description: Synaptic transmission that results in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.


glutamatergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter.


polyadic synapse

description: A synapse consisting of a single presynapse and multiple postsynapses. These postsynapses may come from the same cell of from different cells. Polyadic synapses are common in arthropod and nematode central nervous systems.


presynaptic density

description: An electron dense specialization of the presynaptic active zone cytoskeleton.


cholinergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.


GABA-ergic synapse

description: A synapse that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. These synapses are typically inhibitory.


name: symmetric, GABA-ergic, inhibitory synapse

description: A neuron to neuron synapse that lacks an electron dense postsynaptic specialization, uses GABA as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.


neuron to neuron synapse

description: A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons.


name: asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse

description: A neuron to neuron synapse with a postsynaptic density, that uses glutamate as a neurotransmitter and whose activity results in excitatory postsynaptic potentials.


T-bar

description: A T-shaped presynpatic density. These are common in arhropod central nervous systems.


name: regulation of modification of synapse structure, modulating synaptic transmission

description: Any process that regulates the modification of synaptic structure and as a result regulates synaptic transmission.


name: G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

description: Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


name: NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an NMDA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an AMPA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


neuronal dense core vesicle

description: A dense core vesicle (granule) that is part of a neuron. These vesicles typically contain neuropeptides. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via disruption of host cell envelope

description: The disruption by a symbiont of host cell envelope components to allow entry into the host cell.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via disruption of host cell envelope lipopolysaccharide

description: The disruption by a symbiont of host cell wall lipopolysaccharides to allow entry into the host cell. For example a phage entering a Gram-negative bacterium may actively break down outer membrane lipopolysaccharides.


name: symbiont entry into host cell via disruption of host cell glycocalyx

description: The disruption by a symbiont of host cell capsule to allow entry into the host cell.


name: fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane

description: Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic early endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic early endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


name: symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, contractile tail mechanism

description: Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a contractile tail ejection system consisting of a baseplate, a central tube and an external contractile sheath. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers sheath contraction, driving the rigid internal tail tube through the cell envelope. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


name: symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism

description: Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


name: symbiont genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism

description: Entry of a symbiont's genome into the host cell through the host cell envelope via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties. Occurs in non-enveloped prokaryotic viruses.


vesicle-mediated transport in synapse

description: Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse.


name: extrinsic component of postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane

description: The component of the postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.