description: Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.


category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.


name: glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c = glyoxylate + NH3 + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


glycine N-acyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine.


glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H+.


glycine N-choloyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.


glyoxylate reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + mucus glycoprotein = CoA + O-palmitoylglycoprotein.


glycosulfatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O = D-glucose + H+ + sulfate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycyrrhizate + H2O = 2-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-D-glucuronate + glycyrrhetinate.


name: glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.


glyoxylate oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + H+ + oxalate.


guanidinoacetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


guanidinobutyrase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.


guanidinopropionase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-guanidinopropanoate + H2O = beta-alanine + urea.


guanidinoacetate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate.


guanosine deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


hamamelose kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate + H2O = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11x,12S)-8,11,12-trihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate.


name: hexadecanol (NAD+) dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.


hexose oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + O2 = aldono-1,5-lactone + H202.


hippurate hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H2O = benzoate + glycine.


histidine N-acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + acetyl-CoA = N(alpha)-acetyl-L-histidine + CoA + H+.


homocysteine desulfhydrase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


homoglutathione synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


hydrogen dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + S(2-) = CoA + thioacetate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H+ = 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO2.


hydroxylamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O2 = H2O + H+ + nitrite.


hydroxylysine kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.


hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADH.


hydroxyphytanate oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.


hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.


hyoscyamine (6S)-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-hyoscyamine + O2 = (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + CO2 + succinate.


hyponitrite reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD+ = 2 H+ + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.


isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H+ + NADH.


name: antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


name: antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


name: antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


name: antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

description: The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


name: platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an insulin-like growth factor receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ephrin receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by ephrin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Tie signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an angiopoietin binding to the Tie receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.


receptor ligand activity

description: The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may also be expressed at the plasma membrane of an adjacent cell (e.g. Notch ligands) or be secreted and diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell (e.g. interleukins).


receptor antagonist activity

description: The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to decrease the ability of the receptor agonist to bind and activate the receptor.


CCR chemokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a CCR chemokine receptor.


name: regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


name: negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


name: positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


name: regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


name: negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


name: positive regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


mRNA 5'-UTR binding

description: Binding to an mRNA molecule at its 5' untranslated region.


galacturonan binding

description: Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


monosaccharide binding

description: Binding to a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.


disaccharide binding

description: Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


trisaccharide binding

description: Binding to a trisaccharide. Trisaccharides are sugars composed of three monosaccharide units.


galacturonate binding

description: Binding to a galacturonate. Galacturonate is the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


heme O metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


heme O biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


heme O catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


central complex development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.


quinone binding

description: Binding to a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.


ubiquinone binding

description: Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


focal adhesion assembly

description: The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


apoplast

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The cell membranes and intracellular regions in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it.


mating behavior, sex discrimination

description: The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner.


embryonic eye morphogenesis

description: The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized.


post-embryonic eye morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. The eye is the organ of sight.


R1/R6 cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


R1/R6 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


R2/R5 cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


R2/R5 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


R3/R4 cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


R3/R4 development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


compound eye corneal lens development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.


negative gravitaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.


positive gravitaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.


name: male courtship behavior, veined wing extension

description: The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


developmental pigmentation

description: The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.


cuticle pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


eye pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


name: regulation of developmental pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


sex-specific pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.


compound eye pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


regulation of eye pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


negative regulation of eye pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


positive regulation of eye pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


regulation of compound eye pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


name: negative regulation of compound eye pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


name: positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


regulation of cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


name: negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


name: positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


name: regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


name: negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


name: positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


name: adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

description: Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: negative regulation of developmental pigmentation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


name: positive regulation of developmental pigmentation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


regulation of male pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


regulation of female pigmentation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


name: negative regulation of female pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


name: positive regulation of female pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


name: negative regulation of male pigmentation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


name: positive regulation of male pigmentation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


male pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


female pigmentation

description: Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


antennal joint development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments.


name: anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

description: Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


name: wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.


name: calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


autophagic cell death

description: A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.


somatic stem cell division

description: The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


name: establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation

description: Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.


name: establishment of body hair planar orientation

description: Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


name: establishment of thoracic bristle planar orientation

description: Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.


name: female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

description: The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.


name: male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

description: The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.


germ-line cyst formation

description: Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single gonial founder cell.


female germ-line cyst formation

description: Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.


male germ-line cyst formation

description: Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single male gonial founder cell.


spermatocyte division

description: The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.


germ-line cyst encapsulation

description: Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

description: Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


male germ-line cyst encapsulation

description: Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad.


germarium-derived cystoblast division

description: The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


astrocyte activation

description: A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


fibroblast proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


name: positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


name: negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


behavioral response to cocaine

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


behavioral response to ethanol

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


behavioral response to ether

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.


tau protein binding

description: Binding to tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.


oogonium stage

description: The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


primary oocyte stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.


primary follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.


double layer follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


multi-layer follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.


scattered antral spaces stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


distinct antral spaces stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.


fused antrum stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.


mature follicle stage

description: The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.


regulation of synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


name: regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.


name: regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


name: positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


name: negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


name: regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


name: positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


name: negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

description: A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


activin receptor complex

description: A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.


activin complex

description: A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits, inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta). There are three forms of activin complex, activin A, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-A subunits, activin B, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-B subunits, and activin AB, which is composed of an inhibin beta-A and an inhibin beta-B subunit.


activin AB complex

description: A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta), inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B.


activin binding

description: Binding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

description: A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


Lid2 complex

description: A protein complex involved in regulation of chromatin remodeling. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Lid2, Ash2, Jmj3, Snt2, and Sdc1.


name: wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

description: The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


Golgi vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.


Golgi vesicle budding

description: The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.


Golgi membrane priming complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.


name: Golgi membrane coat protein complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of priming complexes to form a coat on a Golgi membrane. Priming complexes associate laterally and additional coat proteins are recruited from the cytosol to the forming coat. Cargo proteins diffuse into the budding site and become trapped by their interactions with the coat.


name: Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

description: The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


name: vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.


Golgi transport vesicle coating

description: The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.


name: vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome

description: The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle

description: The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


name: vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome.


vesicle targeting, inter-Golgi cisterna

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle

description: The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


name: vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER.


name: vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi

description: The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.


COPII vesicle coating

description: The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


name: regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus.


Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.


Golgi vesicle docking

description: The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.


Golgi vesicle uncoating

description: The process in which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse.


name: regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.


name: positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.


name: negative regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.


pectic matrix

description: The gel-like pectin matrix consists of the interlinked acidic and neutral pectin networks that are further cross-linked by calcium bridges. Pectins consist largely of long chains of mostly galacturonic acid units (typically 1,4 linkages and sometimes methyl esters). Three major pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II) are thought to occur in all primary cell walls.


name: inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport

description: The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.


glycoprotein network

description: An extracellular matrix part that consists of cross-linked glycoproteins.


hemicellulose network

description: Network composed of hemicelluloses; members of a class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan.


lignin network

description: An extracellular matrix part that consists of lignin in the form of a three-dimensional polymeric network. Lignins are complex racemic aromatic heteropolymers derived from a variety of phenylpropane monomers coupled together by an assortment of carbon-carbon and ether linkages. Lignin is crucial for structural integrity of the cell wall and stiffness and strength of the stem. In addition, lignin waterproofs the cell wall, enabling transport of water and solutes through the vascular system, and plays a role in protecting plants against pathogens.


suberin network

description: An extracellular matrix part that consists of fatty acid-derived polymers, including both aromatic and aliphatic components. The suberin network is found in specialized plant cell walls, where it is laid down between the primary wall and plasma membrane, forms protective and wound-healing layers, and provides a water-impermeable diffusion barrier.


Casparian strip

description: Region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material (analogous to tight junction between epithelial cells). Found particularly where root parenchymal cells secrete solutes into xylem vessels. The barrier is composed of suberin; a fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, also found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants.


plasma membrane to endosome transport

description: Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.


gametophyte development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


male gamete generation

description: Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


pollen sperm cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.


plant-type sporogenesis

description: The formation of plant spores derived from the products of meiosis. The spore gives rise to gametophytes.


rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen

description: The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


name: negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.


sperm capacitation

description: A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.


epinephrine transport

description: The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


epinephrine secretion

description: The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.


norepinephrine secretion

description: The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.


phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.


eosinophil chemotaxis

description: The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.


macrophage chemotaxis

description: The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


lymphocyte chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.


CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding

description: Binding to a CXCR3 chemokine receptor.


name: high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


iron import into the mitochondrion

description: The process in which iron is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


elastic fiber assembly

description: Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


lauric acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.


snoRNA localization

description: Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


mRNA stabilization

description: Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.


flap endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


3'-flap endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


3-ketoglucose-reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucose = NADPH + alpha-D-glucose.


name: regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


name: positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


name: negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


name: determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

description: Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


determination of dorsal identity

description: Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


determination of ventral identity

description: The regionalization process that results in the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


response to pain

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


behavioral response to pain

description: Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


clathrin coat assembly

description: The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.


methionine adenosyltransferase complex

description: A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.


name: methionine adenosyltransferase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase.


name: mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding

description: Binding to mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from ATP to hydroxyl side chains on proteins in response to mitogen activation.


description: The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


vesicle docking

description: The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


name: vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.


vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

description: The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.


inflorescence morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers.


determinate inflorescence morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems.


description: The process in which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems.


organelle fusion

description: The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.


organelle fission

description: The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle.


lung alveolus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.


name: nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy

description: The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.


isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgA isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgA constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgD biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgD constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.


name: regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


name: positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


calcium-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex in the presence of calcium.


ferredoxin-nitrite reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+.


organelle inheritance

description: The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

description: The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


mitochondrion distribution

description: Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.


name: intracellular distribution of mitochondria

description: Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.


Golgi inheritance

description: The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.


embryo sac morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.


conidium formation

description: The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


seed development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.


seed morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized.


axial mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


axial mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


axial mesodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.


axial mesodermal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.


name: axial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


name: regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: axial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


name: regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


axial mesoderm structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.


mesodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.


name: regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


mesoderm structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


paraxial mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized.


paraxial mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


name: paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.


name: paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


name: paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


name: regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


name: regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: paraxial mesoderm structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


primary endosperm nucleus

description: Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.


name: mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


root cap mucilage biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


name: root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


pedicel mucilage biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


mucilage pectin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.


name: mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


root cap mucilage metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


name: root epithelial mucilage metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


pedicel mucilage metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


mucilage pectin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.


root development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.


leaf development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


shoot system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lateral mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lateral mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized.


lateral mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


lateral mesodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.


lateral mesodermal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.


name: lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


name: regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


name: regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: lateral mesoderm structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


mesendoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.


mesectoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesectoderm development processes give rise to both mesoderm and ectoderm tissues.


name: retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by a retinoic acid binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


endosomal lumen acidification

description: Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


intermediate mesoderm development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.


intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized.


intermediate mesoderm formation

description: The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


name: intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.


name: intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.


name: intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


name: regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


name: intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


name: regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


name: intermediate mesoderm structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


name: brain-derived neurotrophic factor binding

description: Binding to brain-derived neurotrophic factor.


nerve growth factor binding

description: Binding to nerve growth factor (NGF).


platelet-derived growth factor binding

description: Binding to platelet-derived growth factor.


epidermal growth factor binding

description: Binding to epidermal growth factor.


floral organ development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


floral whorl development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


flower morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized.


carpel development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.


petal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


sepal development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


stamen development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


floral organ morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized.


carpel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized.


petal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized.


sepal morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the sepal are generated and organized.


stamen morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized.


floral organ formation

description: The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


floral organ structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of floral organs. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


petal formation

description: The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


petal structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the petal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


sepal formation

description: The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


sepal structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the sepal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


stamen formation

description: The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


stamen structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the stamen. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


floral whorl morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the floral whorl are generated and organized.


floral whorl formation

description: The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


floral whorl structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


flower formation

description: The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


flower structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


carpel formation

description: The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


carpel structural organization

description: The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the carpel. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


flower calyx development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower calyx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


corolla development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corolla over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


androecium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gynoecium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.


cell development

description: The cellular developmental process in which a specific cell progresses from an immature to a mature state. Cell development start once cell commitment has taken place.


cell maturation

description: The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state.


perinuclear region of cytoplasm

description: Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


D-methionine transmembrane transport

description: The process in which D-methionine is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


coated membrane

description: A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.


Holliday junction resolvase complex

description: An endodeoxyribonuclease complex that resolves the 4-way DNA intermediates of a Holliday junction into two separate duplex DNA molecules. Can be branch-migration associated.


oogenesis

description: The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


style development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.


stigma development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.


plant ovule development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


plant ovule morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


autonomic nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.


enteric nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.


sympathetic nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.


name: parasympathetic nervous system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


beta-tubulin binding

description: Binding to the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.


synaptic vesicle endocytosis

description: A vesicle-mediated transport process, in which the synaptic vesicle membrane constituents are retrieved from the presynaptic membrane on the axon terminal after neurotransmitter secretion by exocytosis. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis can occur via clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms.


synaptic vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicles.


anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the cell body to the presynapse.


retrograde synaptic vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of synaptic vesicle along axonal microtubules from the presynapse to the cell body.


name: ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

description: A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


name: plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

description: A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


name: chromatophore ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

description: A complex, located in the chromatophore, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


Roundabout binding

description: Binding to Roundabout (ROBO) receptor, a transmembrane receptor.


maintenance of animal organ identity

description: The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


maintenance of floral organ identity

description: The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


establishment of petal orientation

description: The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.


synaptic vesicle membrane organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


signal recognition particle

description: A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.


name: signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting

description: A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.


ABC-type thiamine transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).


name: regulation of timing of animal organ formation

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


name: regulation of timing of cell differentiation

description: The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.


name: regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a change in identity of a meristem at a characteristic predetermined time point.


meristem development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


embryonic meristem development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of meristem development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase

description: The process controlling the point in time during development when a vegetative meristem will change its identity to become an inflorescence or floral meristem, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.


rhythmic process

description: Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.


circadian behavior

description: The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


animal organ development

description: Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


blood vessel morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


spermatid differentiation

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


name: positive regulation of biological process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


name: negative regulation of biological process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


positive regulation of behavior

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


negative regulation of behavior

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


positive regulation of cellular process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


negative regulation of cellular process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


positive regulation of viral process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


negative regulation of viral process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


imaginal disc-derived wing expansion

description: The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing.


lateral root development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


post-embryonic root development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


fruit morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.


anatomical structure arrangement

description: The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


sporocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.


name: hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.


lymph node development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


spleen development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.


name: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


thymus development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.


bone marrow development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


bursa of Fabricius development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.