name: chromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

description: Binding to chromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization, or to enable equal segregation of the nuclear membrane during mitosis.


CAT tailing

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control system.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A type of non-canonical Wnt signaling in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface a the target cell results in internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yield a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


name: regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


name: positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


name: negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


histone chaperone activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome. The histone can be newly synthesized or result from nucleosome disassembly (either spontaneously, or by a histone chaperone).


name: large ribosomal subunit pre-assembly complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that assists early maturation of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits. The complex interacts with the large ribosomal subunit rRNA via one of the components (Urb2 in S. cerevisiae) and requires a RNA helicase (Dbp6 in S. cerevisiae).


serine-tRNA ligase complex

description: A heterodimeric enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of serine to tRNA(Ser), forming L-seryl-tRNA(Ser).


entry into host through the stromata

description: Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


facultative heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription but that be converted to euchromatin and allow transcription in specific contexts. These can be temporal (e.g., developmental states or specific cell-cycle stages), spatial (e.g., nuclear localization changes from the center to the periphery or vice versa due to exogenous factors/signals), or parental/heritable (e.g., monoallelic gene expression).


constitutive heterochromatin formation

description: The compaction of chromatin into a conformation that is refactory to transcription.


subtelomeric heterochromatin

description: Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the telomere, and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


nuclease inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a nuclease.


mycophenolic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA is the first isolated antibiotic natural product in the world obtained from a culture of Penicillium brevicompactum in 1893.


patulin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.


name: positive regulation of patulin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin.


detoxification of free heme

description: Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme.


name: siRNA-mediated pericentric heterochromatin formation

description: The formation of pericentric heterochromatin by a process mediated by a small interfering RNA (siRNA).


GC-box binding

description: Binding to a GC-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence GGGCGG that is located upstream of the start point of eukaryotic transcription units. The GC-box may occur in multiple copies or in either orientation relative to the transcription start site.


name: self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite

description: A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme.


amphiregulin production

description: The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.


regulation of amphiregulin production

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of amphiregulin.


name: positive regulation of amphiregulin production

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of amphiregulin.


tRNA ligase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a tRNA ligase.


ammonium excretion

description: The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell.


lovastatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastatin (also known as mevinolin, mevacor or monacolin K), a hypolipidemic inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR).


name: positive regulation of lovastatin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastin.


encapsulin nanocompartment

description: Intracellular non-membrane bound organelle, consisting of proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes, protecting the contents from their surrounding milieu and/or the milieu from reactants in their interior. The self-assembling, 25-42 nm nanocompartment shell, unlike larger bacterial microcompartments, is made of only one protein, and has only a few proteins inside. Shells about vary from about 25-42 nm in diameter. The shell protein has an HK97-like fold and probably evolved from a viral protein. Artificial encapsulin nanocompartments can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. They are found in many bacterial and a few archaeal phyla.


NLRP6 inflammasome complex

description: An inflammasome complex that consists of NLRP6, PYCARD/ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-4/caspase-11.


NLRP6 inflammasome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP6 inflammasome complex.


ADP-riboxanase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = ADP-riboxanated L-argininyl-[protein] + H+ + NH4(+) + nicotinamide.


description: Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster = AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.


lncRNA transcription

description: The transcription of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length, from a DNA template.


regulation of lncRNA transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA.


name: negative regulation of lncRNA transcription

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of a lncRNA.


siRNA transcription

description: The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.


siRNA catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small interfering RNA transcripts (siRNAs).


name: positive regulation of regulation of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process.


phlorizin hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin.


nucleosome array spacer activity

description: A histone octamer slider activity that spaces nucleosomes along chromosomal DNA. This activity is involved in assembling chromatin in uniform nucleosome arrays to regulate transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, as well as DNA replication, recombination and repair.


histone octamer slider activity

description: A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


name: branched 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a branched [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


name: linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


name: reorganization of cellular membranes to establish viral sites of replication

description: A process in intracellular membranes are reorganized by viral proteins that perturb membrane integrity and can cause an extensive rearrangement of cellular membranes, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.


name: reorganization of host cellular membranes to establish sites of replication

description: A process in which a virus triggers host intracellular membranes to be reorganized, forming membranous webs, which are thought to be the site of replication or certain viruses, for example the HPV virus.


structural constituent of proteasome

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cysteine-type deNEDDylase activity

description: An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


metal-dependent deNEDDylase activity

description: An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


name: histone H3K56 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 56). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


name: histone H3K56me2/H3K56me3 demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


name: calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


name: glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


name: programmed DNA elimination by elimination of internal DNA segments

description: A programmed DNA elimination mechanism in which specific sequences, namely, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the genome. This process is known to occur in ciliates.


name: small RNA binding translational repressor activity

description: A translational repressor activity that binds to a single-stranded small regulatory RNA (either a miRNA or a siRNA) to guide it to its target mRNA.


name: NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


name: siRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: A post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) elicit silencing of specific target genes. siRNAs are 21-23 nucleotide RNA duplexes that are fully complementary to their target mRNA. siRNAs can be exported and act in other cells, including in germline cells. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), siRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA or mRNA translational repression. siRNAs are present in lower animals and plants, but not found in mammals; whereas miRNAs are present in all the animals and in plants.


enzyme-substrate adaptor activity

description: An adaptor that brings together an enzyme and its substrate. Adaptors recruit the substrate to its enzyme, thus contributing to substrate selection and specificity.


name: protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

description: An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.


name: ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


name: CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


name: ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanoyl-[ACP] + L-lysyl-[protein] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


name: CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


name: NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


name: NAD-dependent protein depalmitoylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N6-octadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = octadecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


actin filament debranching activity

description: Binding to an actin filament and promoting the dissociation of an actin filament branch.


name: protein-containing complex destabilizing activity

description: A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex and promoting the dissociation of one or many subunits. This often happens by changing the conformation of the protein being bound, which decreases its affinity for the rest of the complex.


name: protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

description: A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


microtubule stabilizing activity

description: A protein-containing complex stabilizing activity that prevents dissociation of microtubules.


XCL1 production

description: The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ilicicolin H biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


(M)-viriditoxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity.


metal ion sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.


amino acid sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of an amino acid.


glutamine sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glutamine.


phosphate ion uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the active transport of a phosphate ion across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.


L-glutamate uniporter activity

description: Catalysis of the active transport of a L-glutamate across a membrane by a mechanism involving conformational change, where energy for active transport is derived from membrane potential if the solute is charged.


histone phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated histone + H2O = a protein + phosphate.


histone H2AXS140 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX serine phosphate (position 140) + H2O = histone H2AX serine (position 140) + phosphate.


histone H2AXY142 phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX tyrosine phosphate (position 142) + H2O = histone H2AX tyrosine (position 142) + phosphate.


histone arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination.


name: histone H3R2 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 2)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 2) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 2.


name: histone H3R8 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 8)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 8) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 8.


name: histone H3R17 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 17)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 17) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 17.


name: histone H3R26 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 26)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 26) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 26.


name: glycine:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + H+(in) = glycine(in) + H+(out).


name: gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate(out) + H+(in) = 4-aminobutanoate(in) + H+(out).


histone H2AXY142 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-tyrosine (position 142) + ATP = (histone H2AX-phosphotyrosine (position 142) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 142 of histone variant H2AX.


name: NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD+ = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide.


name: NAD+- protein-cysteine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteinyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + S-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


name: NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein].


name: NAD+- protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 4-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-aspartyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-tyrosyl-[protein].


name: histone H4R3 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone H4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H4 citrullination at position 3.


name: histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone H1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.


name: histone H2AR3 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 2A L-arginyl (position 3)= histone 2A L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H2A citrullination at position 3.


name: orotate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out).


name: urate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out).


name: glycine betaine:sodium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= glycine betaine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


name: NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


name: NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


name: mRNA 5'-triphosphate monophosphatase activity

description: A 5'-end triphospho-[mRNA] + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-[mRNA] + H+ + phosphate.


description: Enables the transfer of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytosol to Golgi apparatus transport

description: The directed movement of substances from the cytosol into the Golgi apparatus of a cell.


name: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose import into Golgi lumen

description: The directed movement of UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus of a cell.


name: NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


histone H2BS36 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 36) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 36) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 36 of histone H2B.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + a hydroperoxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + an alcohol + H2O.


lactoperoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


name: zinc:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of zinc from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + Zn2+(in) = H+(in) + Zn2+(out).


zinc chaperone activity

description: Binding to and delivering zinc ions to a target protein.


name: metal cation:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(in) = solute(in) + Na+(out).


name: bicarbonate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(in) + HCO3-(out) = solute(out) + HCO3-(in).


name: L-glutamine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


name: L-asparagine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


name: L-histidine, sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + L-histidine(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + L-histidine(in) + Na+(in).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphotyrosine (position 1).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 2).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphothreonine (position 4).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 5).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) = ADP + H+ + RNA polymerase II large subunit phosphoserine (position 7).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat P3 isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) (position 3) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0) (position 3).


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat P6 isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS) cis-proline (omega=180) (position 6) = RNA polymerase II large subunit trans-proline (omega=0) (position 6).


name: RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain O-GlcNAc transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine.


name: RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 5).


name: RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 7).


name: NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-2 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


name: regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.


name: positive regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.


name: negative regulation of promoter clearance from RNA polymerase II promoter

description: A process that stops, prevents or reduces the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II.


name: amino acid:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + monoatomic cation(in) = solute(in) + monoatomic cation(out). Monoatomic cations include H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.


name: ATP-dependent H2AZ histone chaperone activity

description: A histone chaperone that mediates the exchange of histone H2A-H2B dimer and histone H2AZ-H2B dimers in a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis. Some chaperones insert H2AZ-H2B dimers and remove H2A-H2B, while others do the opposite.


name: histone H2B C-terminal K residue ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to a histone 2B at the conserved C-terminal lysine (K) residue. The last K residue is at position 119 in fission yeast, 123 in budding yeast, and 120 in mammals.


histone H3K14 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 3 at the lysine-14 residue.


histone ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + glycyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein] + H+ = [protein]-C-terminal glycyl cholesterol ester + N-terminal L-cysteinyl-[protein].


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-19 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


histone H3S57 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 57) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 57) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 57 of histone H3.


name: histone H2AK13 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-13 residue.


histone H3T45 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 45) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 45) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 45 of histone H3.


name: histone H2AK15 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-15 residue.


pterocarpan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R,4R)-4,2'-dihydroxyisoflavan + NADP+ = a (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone + H+ + NADPH.


name: DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling

description: A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.


name: histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.


name: histone H2AK127 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-127 residue.


name: histone H2AK129 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-129 residue.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-22 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


description: The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-20 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: NAD+-histone H2BE18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-18 residue of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 3 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci strains) as the end product.


name: miRNA inhibitor activity via base-pairing

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of miRNA-mediated gene silencing activity by base-pairing with a target miRNA. An example of this activity is mediated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).


RNA polymerase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of RNA polymerase.


name: repressor of RNA polymerase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an RNA polymerase inhibitor.


viridicatumtoxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of viridicatumtoxin, a tetracycline-like fungal meroterpenoid with a unique, fused spirobicyclic ring system.


paxilline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paxilline, a mycotoxin that acts as an inhibitor of mammalian maxi-K channels.


paraherquonin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paraherquonin, a meroterpenoid with a unique, highly congested hexacyclic molecular architecture.


PR-toxin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of PR-toxin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene belonging to the eremophilane class and acting as a mycotoxin.


andrastin A biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of andrastin A, a meroterpenoid that exhibits inhibitory activity against ras farnesyltransferase, suggesting that it could have promising antitumor activity.


mevastatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mevastatin , also known as compactin or ML-236B, and which acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.


griseofulvin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.


conidiogenone biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of conidiogenone , a diterpene known to induce the conidiation.


terrein biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.


name: positive regulation terrein biosynthetic process

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the fungal metabolite terrein.


zinc export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of zinc ions from a cell, into the extracellular region.


name: induction by virus of host reticulophagy

description: Any process in which a virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reticulophagy in the host.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a type II interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism.


name: positive regulation of nucleosome disassembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


interferon-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by type II interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


name: DNA replication-dependent chromatin disassembly

description: The disruption of nucleosomes during DNA replication to allow the replication machinery to access the DNA.


H1 histone chaperone activity

description: A histone chaperone that carries a H1 histone.


name: tRNA-derived regulatory ncRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional small regulatory non-coding RNA derived from a tRNA.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction chloride(in) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(out) + Na+(out) = chloride(out) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(in) + Na+(in).


name: neutral amino acid, sodium:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(in) + amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = H+(out) + amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


name: endolysosomal toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species.


name: cell surface toll-like receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family.


cGAS/STING signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a double-stranded DNA or RNA from another organism to cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that activates innate immune responses through production of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates the adaptor STING.


mechanoreceptor activity

description: Combining with a mechanical force and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction.


CENP-A eviction from euchromatin

description: A chromatin remodeling process in which CENP-A is removed from euchromatin regions to prevent neocentromere formation.


plastid gene expression

description: The process in which a plastid gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(in) + HCO3-(out) = chloride(out) + HCO3-(in).


name: L-asparagine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-asparagine(out) + Na+(out) = L-asparagine(in) + Na+(in).


name: L-glutamine:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamine(out) + Na+(out) = L-glutamine(in) + Na+(in).


name: histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


cytoophidium organization

description: A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cytoophidium. Cytoophidia are mesoscale, intracellular, filamentous structures that contain metabolic enzymes.


haloperoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + H2O2 = R-C-halogen + H2O.


halogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + oxygen donor = R-C-halogen +H2O.


flavin-dependent halogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + FADH2 + O2 = R-C-halogen + FAD + H2O.


name: histone H3K122 acetyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 122) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 122).


kinetoplast DNA replication

description: The process of doubling of the number of maxicircles and minicircles and distribution of the progeny into two daughter networks, which are identical to the parent kinetoplast DNA network.


iRhom2/ADAM17 sheddase complex

description: A complex consisting of ADAM17 in complex with regulatory iRhoms and FERM domain containing proteins.


pore-forming activity

description: An activity in which a protein is inserted into the membrane of another cell where it forms transmembrane pores. Pores disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, cellular dysfunction, and can result in cell death.


membrane destabilizing activity

description: Binding to a membrane and increasing its permeability. This may lead to cell membrane lysis and cell content release.


name: viral release via disruption of host peptidoglycan cell wall

description: The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus hydrolyzing the peptidoglycan cell wall of the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


zinc ion import into secretory vesicle

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a secretory vesicle.


zinc ion import into zymogen granule

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a zymogen granule.


zinc ion import into lysosome

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a lysosome.


zinc ion import into mitochondrion

description: The directed import of zinc(2+) from the cytosol, across an organelle membrane, into a mitochondrion.


centrosomal core

description: The core region of the centrosome, a layered structure containing proteins, surrounded by the centrosomal corona. The core duplicates once per cell cycle at the G2/M transition when two outer layers form the mitotic spindle poles.


thermomorphogenesis

description: The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.


regulation of thermomorphogenesis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


name: negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


name: positive regulation of thermomorphogenesis

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


magnetosome assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a magnetosome. Magnetosomes are specialized organelles for magnetic navigation that comprise membrane-enveloped, nano-sized crystals of a magnetic iron mineral; they are formed by a diverse group of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB).


L-kynurenine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of L-kynurenine across a membrane.


name: L-phenylalanine import across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of L-phenylalanine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


name: L-kynurenine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of L-kynurenine from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cyclic-di-GMP transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cyclic-di-GMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of non-mineral tissue, by preventing mineralization of non-skeletal tissue.


name: mannose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).


name: fructose:sodium symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-fructose(out) + Na+(out) = D-fructose(in) + Na+(in).


name: neutral L-amino acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


name: 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + 2 H+ + N7-methyl-GMP. Can also use (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA as a substrate.


name: 5'-(N(7)-methylguanosine 5'-triphospho)-[mRNA] hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + N7-methyl-GDP + H+.


histone deubiquitinase activity

description: A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


name: histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

description: A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


histone H2B deubiquitinase activity

description: A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated.


histone H4K12 deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


histone H3 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H3 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H3. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


histone H2A methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H2A. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


name: histone H4K20me methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the monomethlyated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing H4K20me2.


name: histone H3K9 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me2.


name: histone H4K20 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein, producing histone H4K20me3.


name: histone H4K20 monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl20-[histone H4] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 20 of histone H4, producing histone H4K20me.


name: histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me.


name: histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me2.


name: histone H3K9me2 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the dimethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.


name: histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me.


name: histone H3K9 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.


histone H2A deubiquitinase activity

description: A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2A protein to which it is conjugated.


name: histone H3K27 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me3.


name: histone H3K27 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me2.


name: histone H3K27 monomethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl27-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a single methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 27 of histone H3, producing histone H3K27me.


name: histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


name: histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


name: histone H3K79 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl79-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of up to three methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein, producing H3K79me3.


target-directed miRNA degradation

description: The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.


cellular detoxification of metal ion

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion.


name: multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


intracellular auxin homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of auxin within a cell.


secondary piRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional secondary piRNA, involving a self-perpetuating piRNA loop, often called the ping-pong cycle, in which piRNAs are amplified by pairing with complementary transcripts (for example the transposable element mRNA target). In Drosophila, the processing involves the piwi proteins aubergine and Argonaute 3 and in mice, the piwi proteins Piwil2 and Piwil4.


description: The formation of heterochromatin into a heterochromatin domain, enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me), by a process mediated by a Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA).


manganese import into cell

description: The directed movement of mangnanese ions from outside of a cell into a cell.


name: polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of various organic cations in exchange for a proton, according to the reaction: H+(out) + organic cation(in) = H+(in) + organic cation(out). The transported substrates are usually toxic molecules, drugs and xenobiotics.


name: determination of lung left/right asymmetry

description: Determination of the asymmetric location of the lungs with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the AIM2 inflammasome complex.


name: regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.


name: negative regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.


name: positive regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.


cellular detoxification of sulfide

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a sulfide. These may include chemical modification or transport of sulfide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


name: disruption of cellular anatomical structure in another organism

description: The disruption of a cellular component of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure. In some cases this can cause malfunctioning of the cells and death of the target organism.


name: defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

description: The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


cellular detoxification of acetone

description: Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of acetone. These may include chemical modification, for example to methylglyoxal.


name: mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding

description: Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


intracellular nucleotide homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleotides within a cell.


intracellular nucleoside homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleosides within a cell.


name: medium-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-medium-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


detoxification of aluminum ion

description: Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas, sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.


name: calcium:manganese antiporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Mn2+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Mn2+(in).


name: histone H4K12 methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 12). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


name: G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor activity

description: Combining with a chemorepellent and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


name: G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a chemorepellent binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


name: ATP:phosphate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ATP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP(out) + phosphate(in) = ATP(in) + phosphate(out).


name: ADP:phosphate antiporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of ADP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP(out) + phosphate(in) = ADP(in) + phosphate(out).


7-deoxyloganate 7-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganate + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + loganate + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


primary piRNA processing

description: The process involved in converting precursor piRNAs into non-overlapping, contiguous primary piRNAs (approximately 24-30-nt piRNAs with a preference for a 5' uridine (U) via the endonucleolytic activity of cytosolic PIWI. This may include pre-piRNA maturation of 3' ends by trimming and 2'-O-methylation.


name: piRNA-mediated gene silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: A cytoplasmic post-transcriptional gene silencing pathway in which piRNAs direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. The target mRNA, often transcribed from a transposable element, is destabilized by the activity of a PIWI class endonuclease within the piRNA-induced silencing complex. This may also be accompanied by mRNA deadenylation and decapping.


histone modifying activity

description: A catalytic activity that acts on a histone protein. Reversible histone modifications contribute to regulation of gene expression.


name: RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity

description: A catalytic activity that acts on the RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS). Reversible modifications cof the RNA polymerase II CTD repeats contribute to regulation of RNA polymerase activity.


histone H2A kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2A.


histone H3 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


histone H4 kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


histone H2B kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.


name: histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


histone H4K91 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 4 at the lysine-91 residue.


name: histone H4K16 propionyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + propionyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + histone H3 N6-propionyl-L-lysyl (position 16).


histone H2AX kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


name: retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism involving heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA) triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a siRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation.


name: piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a Piwi-associated RNA (piRNA).


name: retrotransposon silencing by siRNA-directed DNA methylation

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism mediated by RNA-directed DNA methylation. RNA-directed DNA methylation is a gene silencing process in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide DNA methylation to the siRNA-generating genomic loci and other loci that are homologous to the siRNAs for de novo DNA methylation. This results in a heterochromatin assembly, a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


name: siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

description: A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a siRNA.


purine nucleotide import into lysosome

description: The directed import of purine nucleotide from the cytosol, across the lysosomal membrane, into the lysosome.


ribosome hibernation

description: A cellular process that results in the silencing of ribosomes in quiescent cells. Quiescence takes place when cells encounter unfavorable conditions and cease to grow in bacteria and yeast. It also takes place in some specialized cells in higher eukaryotes, such as eggs. Ribosomes in a hibernation state are kept silent via association with proteins with inhibitory and protective functions.


name: G/T mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase activity

description: Hydrolyzes mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free thymine and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


name: effector-mediated induction of cell cycle reactivation in host

description: A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont reactivates the host cell cycle, resulting in DNA synthesis and host cell division, and contributing to vegetative tumor formation.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host via host extracellular matrix

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a component of the host extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell-cell adhesion

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts host cell adhesion ito its extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane carbohydrate

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a carbohydrate on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host glycoprotein

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a glycoprotein on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane cholesterol

description: The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to cholesterol on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host microtubule cytoskeleton

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host microtubule cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host focal adhesion

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts focal adhesion in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via filamentous actin depolymerization

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by depolymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via actin crosslinking

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by actin crosslinking the host actin filaments. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via actin filament reorganization

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by reorganizing the actin filaments, in a way that keeps the total filementous actin remains approximately constant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via actin polymerization

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by polymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host actin cytoskeleton via inhibition of actin polymerization

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that disrupts the host actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting host actin from polymerizing. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


name: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and decreases the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


name: very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH. This reaction is the second (reduction) step of the four-step fatty acid elongation cycle in the endoplasmic reticulum that extends fatty acids of C-16 or longer with an additional 2-C unit.


name: disruption of extracellular matrix of another organism

description: The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix of another organism.


name: symbiont-mediated cAMP intoxication of host cell

description: The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of host innate immune response

description: A process by which a symbiont avoids recognition by host's innate immune response by altering, concealing or destroying a conserved symbiont molecule recognized by the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


epigenetic programming in the endosperm

description: The global programming of epigenetic modifications following binucleate central cell fertilization. This involves DNA methylation at the silent allele. In the endosperm, maternal genomes are hypomethylated compared with the paternal genome.


Atg8-family conjugating enzyme activity

description: Isoenergetic transfer of an Atg8 family modifier from one protein to a phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine on a membrane, via the reaction X-Atg8 + Y = Y-Atg8 + X.


molecular tag activity

description: A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another molecule (for example a protein or a lipid) where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


membrane tag activity

description: A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to a lipid, where it acts as a marker for a membrane, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as autophagy.


name: protein-glutathione oxidoreductase (glutathione) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionylated protein (PSSG) + glutathione (GSH) = protein-thiol (PSH) + glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The reaction may proceed via a 'monothiol' or 'dithiol' mechanism.


histone H3K deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H3.


histone H4K deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H4.


histone H3 demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2A substrate.


histone H2B ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2B substrate.


histone H3 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H3 substrate.


histone H4 ubiquitin ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H4 substrate.


histone H3 arginine deiminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl = histone H3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination.


histone H4 demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host antimicrobial peptide activity

description: Any process in which a symbiont interferes with a host antimicrobial peptide, for example by cleavage or degradation.


name: disruption of anatomical structure in another organism

description: The disruption of an anatomical structure of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that structure.


disruption of cell in another organism

description: The disruption of a cell of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that cell.


name: disruption of tissue in another organism

description: The disruption of a tissue of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that tissue.


name: epigenetic programming in the central cell

description: The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) in a plant central cell, leading to an asymmetry between the two maternal alleles and the paternal allele, and differential expression of the corresponding alleles in the developing endosperm. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation.


zygotic genome activation

description: A process that contributes to the onset of de novo transcription from the zygotic genome as part of the maternal-to-zygote transition in gene expression. The zygote overcomes the silencing that has been established. The cause of this silencing could be due to several factors: chromatin modifications leading to repression, or lack of adequate transcription machinery.


maternal mRNA clearance

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the clearance of maternal mRNA transcripts from the zygote as part of the maternal-to-zygote transition in gene expression.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host extracellular matrix

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host extracellular matrix.


intracellular nitrogen homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitrogen within a cell.


autosome genomic imprinting

description: The establishment of epigenetic modifications (imprints) in autosomal (non-sexual) chromosomes during gametogenesis, and propagation of these imprints during the organism's life. Genomic imprinting leads to an asymmetry between the maternal and paternal alleles and differential expression of the corresponding alleles. This can happen through heterochromatin formation or differential chromatin loop formation.


receptor ligand inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and decreases the activity of the ligand of a signaling receptor.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host MAPK cascade

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host MAPK cascade

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a tumor necrosis factor-mediated signal transduction in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host opsonization

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts opsonization by the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host cGAS-STING signal transduction

description: A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupt a cGAS/STING signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host RIG-I signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a RIG-I signaling pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host interferon signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts an interferon-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by interfering with its normal execution. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated detoxification of host-generated reactive oxygen species

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated innate immune response by directly degrading host ROS. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host reactive oxygen species generation

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

description: An intracellular signal transduction pathway that starts with a ligand binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), assembly of the inflammasome complex, leading to the activation of CASP1 and inducing an inflammatory response. In some cases, inflammasome-mediated signal transduction can lead to programmed cell death, such as pyroptosis.


name: regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


name: negative regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the activation of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glucose sensor activity

description: Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glucose.


name: protein serine pyrophosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein phospho-serine + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate = protein diphospho-serine + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate.


name: transforming growth factor beta receptor superfamily signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a member of the transforming growth factor receptor superfamily, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


name: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil--L-tyrosine 4-hydroxyphenyl transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-iminoacetate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + 5-amino-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(D-ribitylimino)-5,6-dihydrouracil + H+ + L-methionine.


DNA loop anchor binding

description: Binding to a DNA loop anchor, a region of chromosome that defines the ends of a DNA loop where two parts of same DNA strand are held in close physical proximity. For example, in animals, the anchors of DNA loops are convergently oriented CTCF binding sites during interphase.


name: ligand-activated transcription repressor activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription repressor activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that inhibits the transcription of specific genes and gene sets.


name: ligand-activated transcription activator activity

description: A DNA-binding transcription activator activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that activates the transcription of specific genes and gene sets.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine(34) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methylcytidine(34) in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine 18 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylguanosine 18 in tRNA + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine44 in tRNASer = 2'-O-methyluridine44 in tRNASer + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2'-O-methyluridine34 in tRNA(Leu) + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances a G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: tRNA methyltransferase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a methyltransferase.


methyltransferase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a methyltransferase.


transporter regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a transporter.


transporter activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a transporter.


transporter inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a transporter.


name: positive regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


broken chromosome clustering

description: The process of bringing together chromosomes fragments resulting from DNA damage. Broken chromosome tethering during mitosis ensures clustered segregation of the fragments to a single daughter cell nucleus, facilitating re-ligation with limited chromosome scattering and loss and enhancing genome integrity.


name: negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host complement activation by inactivation of complement proteins

description: A process by which a symbiont disrupts or prematurely activates host complement so that its microbial-destroying activities fail.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host complement activation by complement sequestering

description: A process by which a symbiont prevents host complement activation by sequestering it away from its surface.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host complement activation by recruitment of complement control protein

description: A process by which a symbiont prevents the activation of host complement by binding a soluble complement control protein (CCP) of the host and recruiting it to the microbe surface. The normal role of CCPs is to prevent complement activation on 'self' cellular targets. When soluble CCPs are recuited to the surface of a microbe, the complement fails to activate.


name: nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, heme protein as donor

description: Catalysis of the reaction: Fe(II)-heme b-[protein] + nitric oxide + O2 = Fe(III)-heme b-[protein] + nitrate.


name: chromosomal DNA methylation maintenance following DNA replication

description: The process that maintains methylated cytosine in newly synthesized DNA following DNA replication. After the establishment of novel DNA methylation marks, the newly created patterns must be faithfully transmitted by maintenance DNA methyltransferases during cell division.


nitrogen-oxygen hydrolyase activity

description: Catalysis of the breakage of a nitrogen-oxygen bond by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation.


dermonecrosis in another organism

description: The disruption of the skin of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the skin.


intracellular signaling cassette

description: An intracellular signaling module that is part of larger signaling pathways that can be initiated either intracellularly or by cell surface receptors. Intracellular signaling cassettes are discrete signaling units that are often shared by multiple signaling pathways.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: queuosine34 in tRNA + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = H+ + O-5''-beta-D-galactosylqueuosine34 in tRNATyr + UDP. Substrates include tRNA(Tyr) and tRNA(Asp).


name: short-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a short-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a short fatty acid + CoA + H+. A short-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host Rab signal transduction

description: A process in which a symbiont alters a Rab protein family-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated non-specific activation of host T-cells

description: A process by which a symbiont superantigen elicits a strong immune response by activating a large number of T cells in a non-specific manner. Unlike conventional antigens, which activate T cells by interacting with specific receptors on the surface of these cells, superantigens can stimulate T cells by binding to regions outside the antigen-binding site. Superantigens can activate a large proportion of T cells, leading to an exaggerated immune response. This excessive activation can result in the release of a large amount of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2. The massive cytokine release can lead to an acute toxic shock, causing symptoms such as fever and organ damage.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway via antagonism of host cell surface receptor

description: A process by which a symbiont alters or subverts a host cell surface receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway by binding to and inhibiting the receptor of the pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated inactivation of host ribosome

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts translation of mRNA into protein in its host by inactivating its ribosomes.


name: DNA N6-methyladenine demethylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + an N6-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA + O2 = a 2'-deoxyadenosine in DNA + CO2 + formaldehyde + succinate.


defense response to host

description: Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a host that act to protect or prevent damage to the symbiont.


name: diphthine methyl ester synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-[(3S)-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-L-histidyl-[translation elongation factor 2] + 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = diphthine methyl ester-[translation elongation factor 2] + 3 H+ + 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway via agonism of host cell surface receptor

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by binding to and enhancing the activation of the receptor of the pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host chemokine signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a chemokine signaling pathway, a G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway activated by a chemokine. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic

description: An epigenetic process that increases gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA demethylation.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host mucosa

description: The disruption of the host mucosa by a symbiont, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that tissue. The mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the immunoglobulin-mediated immune response of the host organism. One common mechanism by which this happens is the direct inhibition of immunoglobulin activity, by direct binding or modification. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated evasion of recognition by host pattern recognition receptor

description: A process by which a symbiont avoids recognition by host's innate immune response by altering or concealing a conserved molecule recognized by the host's cell surface and intracellular pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like and NOD-like receptors. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated migration across host tissue barrier

description: A process in which a symbiont moves across a tissue barrier of the host to transports itself across an extracellular cellular matrix barrier or between the cells of a tissue. This involves the temporary or permanent breaching of the tissue barrier.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host neutrophil extracellular traps

description: A process in which a symbiont damages or impairs host neutrophil extracellular traps. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host neutrophil extracellular trap formation

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host tissue

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of a host tissue. This can occur via the disruption of the extracellular matrix, or the detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix, or the dissociation of the cells composing that tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: intracellularly calcium-gated channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when calcium ions bind on the intracellular side of the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


name: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP+ = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H+ + NADPH.


name: regulation of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction

description: Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction

description: Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide-cGMP mediated signal transduction.