ARC complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.


gas vesicle shell

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The proteinaceous structure surrounding a gas vesicle.


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


name: chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core CF(1)

description: The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. The chloroplast F0 domain contains three alpha, three beta, one gamma, one delta, and one epsilon subunits.


name: chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o)

description: All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.


name: proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.


name: proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, catalytic domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring.


name: proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

description: A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

description: A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.


description: A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.


CAF-1 complex

description: A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.


sphingomyelin synthase activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + ceramide = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sphingomyelin.


response to vitamin A

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


solanapyrone synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.


macrophomate synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.


name: calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


Lsd1/2 complex

description: A nucleosome-binding protein complex that comprises two SWIRM domain histone demethylases and two PHD finger proteins. The complex is involved in transcriptional regulation via heterochromatic silencing and the regulation of chromatin boundary formation, and was first identified in fission yeast.


response to hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


response to alkyl hydroperoxide

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


tryparedoxin peroxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: tryparedoxin + hydrogen peroxide = tryparedoxin disulfide + H2O.


response to vitamin E

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.


response to ATP

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


name: inositol heptakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,5,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate, and ATP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


DNA helicase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.


DNA helicase A complex

description: A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


ribonuclease P RNA binding

description: Binding to RNA subunit of ribonuclease P.


meiotic cytokinesis

description: A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.


description: Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming a beta-1,4 linkage.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide = UDP + N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2,3-galactosyl-beta-oligosaccharide.


name: tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by tumor necrosis factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


adiponectin-activated signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


iron import into cell

description: The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell into the cytoplasmic compartment. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis.


name: siderophore-dependent iron import into cell

description: A process in which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by ferric iron-specific chelators, known as siderophores, excreted by a cell; the iron-siderophore complex is then transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.


reductive iron assimilation

description: A process in which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.


amide binding

description: Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


urea binding

description: Binding to urea, a water-soluble carboxamide with the structure H2N-CO-NH2.


name: ATPase-coupled urea transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).


xylose binding

description: Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of xylose.


2-aminoethylphosphonate transport

description: The directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: ATPase-coupled 2-aminoethylphosphonate transporter activity

description: Enables the directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(in).


2-aminoethylphosphonate binding

description: Binding to 2-aminoethylphosphonate.


dsRNA transport

description: The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cysteine export across plasma membrane

description: The directed movement of cysteine from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


name: cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


ABC-type cysteine transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).


carbohydrate export

description: The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.


name: ABC-type D-methionine transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out).


regulation of protein sumoylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


name: negative regulation of protein sumoylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


name: positive regulation of protein sumoylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


regulation of amine metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.


name: negative regulation of amine metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.


name: positive regulation of amine metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.


regulation of amine catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


name: negative regulation of amine catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


name: positive regulation of amine catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


name: regulation of penicillin metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


name: negative regulation of penicillin metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


name: positive regulation of penicillin metabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


name: regulation of penicillin catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


name: negative regulation of penicillin catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


name: positive regulation of penicillin catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.


penicillinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a penicillin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the penicillin.


cephalosporinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.


regulation of beta-lactamase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-lactamase activity, the hydrolysis of a beta-lactam to yield a substituted beta-amino acid.


regulation of penicillinase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

description: A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


SAS acetyltransferase complex

description: A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and links histone acetylation to the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin. In vitro, the complex acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 and lysine 14 of histone H3, although the latter may not be relevant in vivo. The complex contains a catalytic subunit and at least two other subunits; in Saccharomyces, the catalytic subunit is Sas2p and additional subunits are Sas4p and Sas5p.


I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex

description: A protein complex containing an inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB/IKB) protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein. In the resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm.


Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex

description: A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.


plastid DNA metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.


plastid DNA replication

description: The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid.


nuclear DNA replication

description: The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


name: regulation of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of The DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle.


CORVET complex

description: A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.


choline binding

description: Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


ABC-type choline transporter activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane.


node of Ranvier

description: An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.


internode region of axon

description: An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.


paranode region of axon

description: An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.


myo-inositol phosphate transport

description: The directed movement of any phosphorylated myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate transport

description: The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to vitamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


response to vitamin B2

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


actin-myosin filament sliding

description: The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.


transcription factor TFTC complex

description: A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.


cell proliferation in midbrain

description: The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


response to vitamin D

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


TAT protein transport complex

description: A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.


protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.


name: ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of an organic acid from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).


name: ATPase-coupled carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + carboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + carboxylic acid(in/out).


name: ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


name: ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).


name: ATPase-coupled hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydroxyectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + hydroxyectoine(in/out).


intraconoid microtubule

description: A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

description: The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


eukaryotic 80S initiation complex

description: A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.


T-tubule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


monocarboxylic acid binding

description: Binding to a monocarboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).


ectoine binding

description: Binding to ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.


hydroxyectoine binding

description: Binding to hydroxyectoine.


rhamnose binding

description: Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.


contractile vacuole organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.


secretion of lysosomal enzymes

description: The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


name: dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis

description: A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).


quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


name: quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


chlorophyll a metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.


chlorophyll a biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a.


phytol metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.


phytol salvage

description: A process that generates phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


hydroxyectoine transmembrane transport

description: The directed movement of hydroxyectoine across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore.


SBF transcription complex

description: A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.


chlorophyll a catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.


name: chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl diphosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate phytyl diphosphate.


name: chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.


meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

description: A signaling process that contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.


name: mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

description: A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.


name: meiotic G2/MI DNA replication checkpoint signaling

description: A signal transduction process that controls the G2/M1 transition of the meiotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete.


name: meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

description: A signal transduction process that contributes to a meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint, that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


UDP-D-xylose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


homomethionine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


homomethionine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


name: choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.


name: choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


name: choline biosynthetic process via phosphoryl-ethanolamine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate phosphoryl-ethanolamine.


cerebrospinal fluid secretion

description: The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.


Leydig cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.


name: peroxisome membrane targeting sequence binding

description: Binding to a peroxisomal membrane targeting sequence, any of several sequences of amino acids within a protein that can act as a signal for the localization of the protein into the peroxisome membrane.


name: kaempferol O-glucoside metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.


name: kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.


ent-kaurene metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.


ent-kaurene biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-kaurene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.


fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fin morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.


anal fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


caudal fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


dorsal fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


medial fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


pectoral fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


pelvic fin development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of collagen binding

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


negative regulation of collagen binding

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of collagen binding

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


cholesterol efflux

description: The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


name: asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.


name: asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.


tetrose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


tetrose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.


apiose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


apiose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


UDP-D-apiose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


UDP-D-apiose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapicose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


S-adenosylmethionine cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.


chlorophyll cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


UDP-L-arabinose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


L-arabinose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.


UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


secretory granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


name: mast cell secretory granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


protein localization to organelle

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.


name: protein localization to secretory granule

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.


name: protein localization to mast cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


name: protease localization to mast cell secretory granule

description: Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


name: establishment of protein localization to mast cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


name: maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


T cell secretory granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


name: establishment of protease localization to mast cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


name: maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


name: protein localization to T cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: protease localization to T cell secretory granule

description: Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: establishment of protein localization to T cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


name: establishment of protease localization to T cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: maintenance of protease location in T cell secretory granule

description: A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


name: granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule

description: Any process in which the protease granzyme B is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: establishment of granzyme B localization to T cell secretory granule

description: The directed movement of the protease granzyme B to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


name: maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule

description: A process in which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


geranyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.


name: geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.


name: geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.


name: geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.


name: putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.


chromatoid body

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).


homogalacturonan catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.


name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.


name: beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.


zeatin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


zeatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


cis-zeatin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


trans-zeatin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


UUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


UUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUA codon.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.


UCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCC codon.


UCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCA codon.


UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.


UAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAU codon.


UAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.


UAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAA codon.


UAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAG codon.


UGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGU codon.


UGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGC codon.


UGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGA codon.


UGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.


CUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.


CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.


CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.


CUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUG codon.


CCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.


CCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.


CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.


CCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


CAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAC codon.


CAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAA codon.


CAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAG codon.


CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.


CGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


CGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGG codon.


AUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUU codon.


AUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.


AUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.


AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.


ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.


ACC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.


ACA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACA codon.


ACG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.


AAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.


AAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAC codon.


AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.


AAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAG codon.


AGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGU codon.


AGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGC codon.


AGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGA codon.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


GUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUU codon.


GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


GUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUG codon.


GCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.


GCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


GAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAG codon.


GGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.


GGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.


GGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGA codon.


GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.


cis-zeatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


name: CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


name: CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


gibberellin 12 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


GDP-L-galactose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


name: indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


name: indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


name: indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.


name: indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.


S-methylmethionine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


UDP-rhamnose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


galacturonate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


D-galacturonate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


name: cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


name: delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


name: pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


name: cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.


name: cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.


name: cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.


coniferin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.


esculetin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


esculetin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


ferulate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


ferulate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


sinapate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


sinapate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


name: galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.


name: galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.


carbohydrate homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.


HULC complex

description: A ubiquitin ligase complex that contains two RING finger proteins, which have ubiquitin ligase activity, in addition to a protein with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity; catalyzes the ubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 119 (or the equivalent residue). In Schizosaccharomyces the subunits are Rhp6, Shf1, Brl2/Rfp1 and Brl1/Rfp2.


floor plate development

description: The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


floor plate morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized.


name: glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.


name: glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


glutamate catabolic process to butyrate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.


name: glutamate catabolic process to propionate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.


luteolin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


luteolin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


name: L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.


name: L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.


name: L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


phytyl diphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


phytol biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.


phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


sinapate ester metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


sinapate ester biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivates of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


name: tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.


name: tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA

description: The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.


S-methylmethionine cycle

description: A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.


raffinose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


raffinose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


stachyose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


stachyose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


verbascose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


verbascose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


ajugose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


ajugose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


name: ajugose biosynthetic process using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of galactinol to the oligosaccharide.


name: ajugose biosynthetic process using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of one raffinose-family oligosaccharide to another.


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway

description: A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.


name: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by the successively phosphorylation of myo-inositol or an inositol trisphosphate; the inositol trisphosphates that may be used by this pathway are inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 3,4,6trisphosphate.


MAP kinase phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphorylated MAP kinase + H2O = a MAP kinase + phosphate.


name: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: MAP kinase tyrosine phosphate + H2O = MAP kinase tyrosine + phosphate.


monopolin complex

description: A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits.


response to vitamin B3

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


rDNA heterochromatin

description: A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.


cellular response to stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


name: multicellular organismal response to stress

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


name: dolichyl pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the addition of a glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


Slx1-Slx4 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.


protein lysine deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].


name: unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.


folate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADP+ = folate + NADPH + H+.


name: co-transcriptional gene silencing by RNA interference machinery

description: A process in which the RNAi machinery mediates the degradation of nascent transcripts in association with chromatin.


dorsal/ventral axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

description: The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


ESCRT-0 complex

description: A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


gamma-tubulin complex localization

description: Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


name: DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing

description: The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.


lactoferrin receptor activity

description: Combining with lactoferrin and delivering lactoferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein which binds ferric iron most efficiently at low pH.


name: lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.


lactoferrin transport

description: The directed movement of lactoferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


transferrin transport

description: The directed movement of transferrin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


high-affinity iron permease complex

description: A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


response to testosterone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


rhabdomere membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the rhabdomere.


name: L-tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


name: L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.


name: L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


elongator holoenzyme complex

description: A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


response to cobalamin

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.


response to L-ascorbic acid

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


RNA strand annealing activity

description: An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded RNA molecule.


BRCA2-MAGE-D1 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


response to genistein

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


TSC1-TSC2 complex

description: A protein complex consisting of at least tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.


mitotic checkpoint complex

description: A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.


name: mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


name: regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of dopamine secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


name: positive regulation of dopamine secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


name: negative regulation of catecholamine secretion

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


name: positive regulation of catecholamine secretion

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


name: chemokine receptor transport within lipid bilayer

description: The directed movement of a chemokine receptor within a lipid bilayer.


SOD1-Bcl-2 complex

description: A heterodimeric protein complex formed of superoxide dismutase 1 and Bcl-2. Complex formation is thought to link superoxide dismutase to an apoptotic pathway.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


oxalate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


oxalate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


oxalate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


name: receptor serine/threonine kinase binding

description: Binding to a receptor that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


name: chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


name: mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


name: plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.


name: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


name: plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.


membrane protein proteolysis

description: The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.


Mei2 nuclear dot complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.


name: nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.


integrin activation

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.


regulation of integrin activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


name: negative regulation of integrin activation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


name: positive regulation of integrin activation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


name: positive regulation of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation by cell surface receptor linked signal transduction. This can occur by increased affinity of an integrin for its extracellular ligands.


cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


name: regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


name: negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


name: positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


name: regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


name: negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


name: positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


name: modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus

description: Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of host heat acclimation

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the host's tolerance to high temperatures, above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell part

description: Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell membrane

description: Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell endomembrane system

description: A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host intracellular part

description: Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host intracellular organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

description: Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell mitochondrion

description: A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell plastid

description: Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast

description: A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast part

description: Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane

description: Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell cytoplasm part

description: Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host chloroplast

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host chloroplast thylakoid

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host mitochondrion

description: The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.