T cell differentiation

description: The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


erythrocyte differentiation

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.


megakaryocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.


platelet formation

description: The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.


basophil differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.


eosinophil differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


neutrophil differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.


monocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.


macrophage differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.


apolipoprotein receptor activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.


lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


name: very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

description: Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


name: insulin control element activator complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.


name: deoxynucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

description: Catalyzes transport of all four deoxy (d) NDPs, and, less efficiently, the corresponding dNTPs, in exchange for dNDPs, ADP, or ATP.


enzyme regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme.


name: nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of nitric oxide synthase.


female sex determination

description: The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


male sex determination

description: The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


myofibril assembly

description: Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


name: skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


autophagy of peroxisome

description: The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.


cellulose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


cellulose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


cellulose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


carbohydrate binding

description: Binding to a carbohydrate, which includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.


polysaccharide binding

description: Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


cellulose binding

description: Binding to cellulose.


guanylate cyclase regulator activity

description: Modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase.


guanylate cyclase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase.


guanylate cyclase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of guanylate cyclase.


growth hormone secretion

description: The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.


name: protein secretion by the type I secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are secreted into the extracellular milieu via the type I secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.


name: protein secretion by the type III secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the bacterial type III secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.


name: protein secretion by the type IV secretion system

description: The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type IV protein secretion system.


type I protein secretion system complex

description: A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.


name: type III protein secretion system complex

description: A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the cytoplasmic membrane that carries out protein secretion in the bacterial type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.


lipid modification

description: The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.


lipid glycosylation

description: Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


chromosome condensation

description: The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.


apoptotic nuclear changes

description: Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.


apoptotic chromosome condensation

description: The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.


name: nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change

description: The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.


name: phospholipase C-activating opsin-mediated signaling pathway

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that starts with an opsin being activated by a photon, and transmitting the signal through the Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). The second messengers, including cGMP, activate channels that result in transmission of the light signal  through the synapses. Typical examples are rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the eyes of protostomes.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + NAD+ = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + NADH + H+.


glyoxylate reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + N-formylmethanofuran + H+ = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methanofuran.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


name: melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity

description: Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


LIM domain binding

description: Binding to a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.


LRR domain binding

description: Binding to a LRR domain (leucine rich repeats) of a protein.


clathrin binding

description: Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.


name: maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium

description: Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.


regulation of ossification

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


negative regulation of ossification

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


name: structural constituent of skin epidermis

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.


name: structural constituent of cutaneous appendage

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of cutaneous epidermal structures such as hairs, scales, or feathers.


bone mineralization

description: The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.


name: testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + NAD(P)+ = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + NAD(P)H + H+.


nuclear estrogen receptor activity

description: Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


dynein complex

description: Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.


cell wall-bounded periplasmic space

description: The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall in organisms lacking an outer cell membrane such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. The region is thinner than the equivalent in Gram negative bacteria.


name: outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space

description: The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin peptidoglycan layer (PGL), also referred to as a thin cell wall.


protein phosphatase 4 complex

description: A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus one or more regulatory subunits.


sphingolipid activator protein activity

description: Any of a group of peptide cofactors of enzymes for the lysosomal degradation of sphingolipids. They stimulate various enzymes, including glucosylceramidase, galactosylceramidase, cerebroside-sulfatase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.


name: protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase.


name: protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.


name: receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor activity

description: Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.


protein kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


name: protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein.


name: transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase.


name: receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity

description: Binds to and increases the activity of a receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase.


intestinal cholesterol absorption

description: Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


name: regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.


cholesterol transport

description: The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


deoxynucleotide transport

description: The directed movement of a deoxynucleotide, a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of deoxyribose, into, out of or within a cell.


heparanase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


positive regulation of cell growth

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


negative regulation of cell growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


external encapsulating structure

description: A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.


cell envelope

description: An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


junctional membrane complex

description: Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).


T-tubule

description: Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.


osteoclast differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


flagellated sperm motility

description: The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm.


melanocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.


transepithelial chloride transport

description: The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.


stabilization of membrane potential

description: The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


respiratory tube development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.


lung development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


adrenal gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.


embryonic limb morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


prenylated protein catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


prenylcysteine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


prenylcysteine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


name: DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

description: A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


nuclear estrogen receptor binding

description: Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor.


cyclin binding

description: Binding to cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, rising steadily until mitosis, then falling abruptly to zero. As cyclins reach a threshold level, they are thought to drive cells into G2 phase and thus to mitosis.


regulation of cell migration

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


positive regulation of cell migration

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


negative regulation of cell migration

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


name: DNA polymerase processivity factor activity

description: An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = CMP-N-glycoloyl-beta-neuraminate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


hyaluronate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: hyaluronate = n 3-(4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


chondroitin AC lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups.


name: 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 1-alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3; calcitriol).


vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: vitamin D3 + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcidiol + NADP+ + H2O.


structural constituent of tooth enamel

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of tooth enamel.


protein phosphatase 2B binding

description: Binding to a protein phosphatase 2B.


syntaxin-3 binding

description: Binding to a syntaxin-3 SNAP receptor.


iron-responsive element binding

description: Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.


name: fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist activity

description: Interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist.


melanin-concentrating hormone activity

description: The action characteristic of melanin-concentrating hormone, a cyclic peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, induces melanin aggregation in melanocytes, and is also involved in regulating food intake and energy balance in mammals.


molybdopterin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis.


interleukin-17 receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-17 receptor.


interleukin-17 receptor activity

description: Combining with any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


ICAM-3 receptor activity

description: Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.


name: intercellular adhesion molecule-3 receptor binding

description: Binding to a receptor for intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3), such as DC-SIGN and LFA-1.


translation repressor activity

description: Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


name: high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor binding

description: Binding to a high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor.


name: high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor activity

description: Combining with a high molecular weight B cell growth factor and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


nuclear receptor coactivator activity

description: A transcription coactivator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


name: urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity

description: Combining with the urokinase plasminogen activator to initiate a change in cell activity.


serine racemase activity

description: Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.


name: neurotensin receptor activity, non-G protein-coupled

description: Combining with neurotensin, a neuropeptide active in the central and peripheral nervous system in mammals, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of coupling to G proteins.


interleukin-17E receptor binding

description: Binding to an interleukin-17E receptor.


name: chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

description: The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


sperm mitochondrion organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.


description: A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase activity.


name: fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


fructosamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


fructosamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


fructosamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


fructoselysine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


fructoseglycine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


lactose binding

description: Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.


membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.


autophagosome membrane disassembly

description: The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.


glycine formimidoyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + L-glutamate = tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate.


nicotianamine synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H+ + nicotianamine.


scytalone dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: scytalone = 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH4.


competence pheromone activity

description: A small peptide excreted by a naturally transformable bacterium (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) that transmits a signal required for the establishment of competence.


peptidase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.


methylamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylamine (CH3NH2).


nicotianamine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


nicotianamine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


nicotianamine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


name: establishment of competence for transformation

description: The process in which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.


defecation

description: The expulsion of feces from the rectum.


siRNA processing

description: A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.


axon

description: The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.


dendrite

description: A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.


growth cone

description: The migrating motile tip of a growing neuron projection, where actin accumulates, and the actin cytoskeleton is the most dynamic.


site of polarized growth

description: Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.


cell septum

description: A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.


kynureninase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H2O = anthranilate + L-alanine.


host cell cytoplasm

description: The cytoplasm of a host cell.


sleep

description: Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.


peristalsis

description: A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.


name: sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and desiccation resistance, and/or for reproduction.


asexual sporulation

description: The formation of spores derived from the products of an asexual cell division. Examples of this process are found in bacteria and fungi.


ascospore formation

description: The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).


yeast-form cell wall

description: The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.


hyphal cell wall

description: The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.


filamentous growth

description: The process in which a multicellular organism, a unicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


hyphal growth

description: Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.


regulation of complement activation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


name: regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


name: regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.


name: silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation

description: Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by alteration of the structure of chromatin.


nuclear migration along microtubule

description: The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.


spindle pole body duplication

description: Construction of a new spindle pole body.


ascospore wall assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an ascospore wall. During sporulation in Ascomycota, each ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall, formed by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


actin cap

description: Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell. An example of this is the actin cap found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


actin cortical patch

description: An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


smooth muscle contractile fiber

description: The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.


smooth muscle dense body

description: Electron-dense region associated with a smooth muscle contractile fiber.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


tRNA methylation

description: The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.


maturation of SSU-rRNA

description: Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.


heteroduplex formation

description: The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


hemoglobin binding

description: Binding to hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


midbody

description: A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.


fatty acid elongation

description: The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.


regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: positive regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: negative regulation of bone mineralization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


name: inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.


inorganic diphosphate transport

description: The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ankyrin binding

description: Binding to ankyrin, a 200 kDa cytoskeletal protein that attaches other cytoskeletal proteins to integral membrane proteins.


spectrin binding

description: Binding to spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.


BMP signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of BMP signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


name: positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.


name: negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.


snoRNA binding

description: Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


regulation of axon extension

description: Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.


negative regulation of axon extension

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.


name: nuclear receptor-mediated steroid hormone signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


snoRNP binding

description: Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.


estrogen receptor signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by an estrogen binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


androgen receptor signaling pathway

description: A nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway initiated by an androgen binding to an intracellular receptor of the nuclear receptor protein family, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: intracellular receptor signaling pathway

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.


name: granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex

description: The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


structural constituent of chromatin

description: The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.


small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains at least one RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and as well as its associated proteins. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP, U4/U6 snRNP, or 7SK snRNP. Many, of these complexes become part of the spliceosome involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. Others are involved in regulation of transcription elongation or 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.


name: triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity

description: The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.


adult behavior

description: Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


larval feeding behavior

description: Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


larval behavior

description: Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

description: The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


male genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


female genitalia development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


plasmid partitioning

description: Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.


2-micrometer plasmid partitioning

description: The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.


Hsp70 protein binding

description: Binding to a Hsp70 protein, heat shock proteins around 70kDa in size.


signaling receptor regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.


signaling receptor activator activity

description: The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


signaling receptor inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a signaling receptor.


name: acetylcholine receptor regulator activity

description: Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.


name: acetylcholine receptor activator activity

description: Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


name: acetylcholine receptor inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an acetylcholine receptor.


cyclic nucleotide binding

description: Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


cAMP binding

description: Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


cGMP binding

description: Binding to cGMP, the nucleotide cyclic GMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


adenyl nucleotide binding

description: Binding to an adenyl nucleotide, an adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


RNA modification guide activity

description: Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


rRNA modification guide activity

description: Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


tRNA modification guide activity

description: Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


RNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


tRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


name: RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


name: rRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


name: snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


name: tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

description: Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

description: Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


snRNA modification guide activity

description: Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


pectate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + a pectate oligosaccharide with 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of pectate to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends.


phosphatidyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.


bile acid catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


collagen catabolic process

description: The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.


nuclear body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


Cajal body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.


Lands organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


PML body organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).


name: symbiont intracellular protein transport in host

description: The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


reproductive fruiting body development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.


myxococcal fruiting body development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myxococcal fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins when myxococci respond to a lack of nutrients in the environment and ends when the myxococcal fruiting body is a mature structure.


sporocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.


name: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + oxaloacetate = CO2 + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


name: [methionine synthase] reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+.


sorocarp development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


pseudocleavage

description: Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of a cell to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis.


name: pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation

description: Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos that contribute to the formation of the syncytial blastoderm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


first cell cycle pseudocleavage

description: A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow. An example of this process is found in nematode worms.


name: 2'-deoxyguanosine DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.


DNA ADP-ribosylation

description: The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


neutrophil chemotaxis

description: The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


neurotransmitter receptor activity

description: Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


leukocyte chemotaxis

description: The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides.


RNA glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.


rRNA N-glycosylase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the N-glycosylic bond at A-4324 in 28S rRNA from rat ribosomes or corresponding sites in 28S RNA from other species.


pectinesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


feruloyl esterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


oxaloacetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H+ + oxalate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP+ = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


arsenate reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.


name: arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


U1 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


U2 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U2 small nuclear RNA (U2 snRNA).


U4 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U4 small nuclear RNA (U4 snRNA).


U4atac snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U4atac small nuclear RNA (U4atac snRNA).


U5 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


U6atac snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).


U11 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).


U12 snRNA binding

description: Binding to a U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).


pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding

description: Binding to a pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.


pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding

description: Binding to a pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

description: Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


pyrrolysine incorporation

description: The incorporation of pyrrolysine, also known as lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct, into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. Pyrrolysine may be synthesized as a free amino acid or synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway

description: A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).


polyketide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


polyketide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


polyketide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


regulation of cellular pH

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.


intracellular sulfate ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfate ions within a cell.


intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.


intracellular chloride ion homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of chloride ions within a cell.


glucose catabolic process to butyrate

description: The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.


name: aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


name: aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


name: aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


peptide antibiotic metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.


peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.


peptide antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity.


name: beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


name: beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


name: beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


regulation of vitamin metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


transport vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.


Golgi-associated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.


chitosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.


coated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.


COPI-coated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.


clathrin-coated vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.


endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.


secretory granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.


merozoite dense granule membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.


name: clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.


phagocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.


name: clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.


synaptic vesicle membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


axolemma

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.


protein-macromolecule adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a protein that brings together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. The adaptor can bring together two proteins, or a protein and another macromolecule such as a lipid or a nucleic acid.


ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.


mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species. The complex contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule in yeast (PMID:12045094), but comprises three proteins and lacks an RNA component in humans.


cyanelle ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


dimeric ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule. Examples of this complex are found in Bacterial species.


multimeric ribonuclease P complex

description: A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defenses

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of a host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


preribosome

description: Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.


nucleolar preribosome

description: Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.


90S preribosome

description: A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


preribosome, large subunit precursor

description: A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.


preribosome, small subunit precursor

description: A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.


Noc complex

description: Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.


Noc1p-Noc2p complex

description: A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


Noc2p-Noc3p complex

description: A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; predominantly nucleoplasmic, but also locates to the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


Noc4p-Nop14p complex

description: A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.


name: bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod

description: The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.


GTPase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a GTPase.


name: tRNA (uracil(54)-C5)-methyltransferase activity, S-adenosyl methionine-dependent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine54 in tRNA = 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


glycine reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H2O + NH4 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H+ + phosphate + thioredoxin.


glycine reductase complex

description: Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


eggshell formation

description: Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.


vitelline membrane formation

description: Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.


description: The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.


description: The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: follicle cell of egg chamber development

description: The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation

description: Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


border follicle cell delamination

description: The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.


name: regulation of border follicle cell delamination

description: Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


name: positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


name: negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


name: follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation

description: Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


name: anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

description: Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


name: oocyte growth in germarium-derived egg chamber

description: The increase in volume of an oocyte during the growth phase of the egg chamber, once the egg chamber has left the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


oocyte fate determination

description: The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


oocyte karyosome formation

description: The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the oocyte nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


name: germ-line stem cell population maintenance

description: Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.


P granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


name: oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

description: Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.


spectrosome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome.


ovarian fusome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.


testicular fusome organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.


germline ring canal formation

description: Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.


male germline ring canal formation

description: Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.


name: germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

description: Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ovulation

description: The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + ATP + CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


sequestering of triglyceride

description: The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.


methionine S-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + S-methyl-L-methionine.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.


carnosine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carnosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anserine + H+.


phenol O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anisole + H+.


iodophenol O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iodophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-iodo-2-methoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


tyramine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.


inositol 3-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


inositol 1-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


GTP-dependent protein binding

description: Binding to a protein or protein complex when at least one of the interacting partners is in the GTP-bound state.


name: 23S rRNA (adenosine(1067)-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine(1067) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methyladenosine(1067) in 23S rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


luteolin O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + luteolin = 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-pyruvate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (R)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


amine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.


loganate O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + loganate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + loganin.


putrescine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine = N-methylputrescine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-hydroxyfuranocoumarin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + isoscoparin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


pyridine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + pyridine = N-methylpyridinium + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanal oxime + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylpropanal O-methyloxime + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H+.


macrocin O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + macrocin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoyl-4-hydroxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = N-benzoyl-4-methoxyanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 6-methoxymellein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = N-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glucuronoxylan D-glucuronate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cis-N-methyl-(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine.


name: [cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.


name: [ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.


inositol 4-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.


arsenite methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + staurosporine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.


name: methyl jasmonate methylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a jasmonate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methyljasmonate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.


name: regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


name: negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.


name: regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


name: negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


name: positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.


regulation of actin filament length

description: Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.


name: regulation of actin filament polymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


name: regulation of actin filament depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.


name: negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.


name: positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.


name: negative regulation of actin filament polymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


name: positive regulation of actin filament polymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.


name: regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.


name: negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.


name: positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.


name: regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament.


name: negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.


name: positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.


name: phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


name: termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

description: An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


name: termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent

description: The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


autosome

description: Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.


prostate gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.


granulocyte differentiation

description: The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.


name: regulation of granulocyte differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


name: negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


name: positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.


name: regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


name: polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.


name: regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


name: negative regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


name: positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


cortical cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


cortical actin cytoskeleton

description: The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


cortical cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


name: cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


RENT complex

description: A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.


Mre11 complex

description: Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.


nucleolar chromatin

description: The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.


rDNA protrusion

description: Any of the tandem arrays of rDNA localized at the periphery of the nucleus and protruding into the nucleolus, and associated proteins. May be visible as a single or double spot by DAPI staining.


interleukin-20 receptor complex

description: A protein complex composed of an alpha and a beta receptor subunit and an interleukin ligand. In human, Interleukin-19, -20 and -24 bind IL20RA/IL20RB receptor subunits and Interleukin-20 and -24 bind IL22RA1/IL20RB receptor subunits.


beta-catenin destruction complex

description: A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.


thyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.