protein autoubiquitination

description: The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.


general adaptation syndrome

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.


name: general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process

description: The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.


methotrexate binding

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


dihydrofolic acid binding

description: Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.


sphingosine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


killing by host of symbiont cells

description: Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


pigment granule localization

description: Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


pigment granule dispersal

description: The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


name: pigment granule aggregation in cell center

description: The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


lateral element assembly

description: The cell cycle process in which lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.


Hsp90 protein binding

description: Binding to Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.


G-quadruplex DNA binding

description: Binding to G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.


name: regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


mitochondrial depolarization

description: The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.


regulation of timing of anagen

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of timing of anagen

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of timing of anagen

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


regulation of timing of exogen

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of timing of exogen

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


name: regulation of cardioblast differentiation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


name: negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


name: positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


name: negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


name: regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


name: positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


name: negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction.


membrane depolarization

description: The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


name: regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


name: positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


name: negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


name: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


pigment granule transport

description: The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: establishment of pigment granule localization

description: The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.


maintenance of pigment granule location

description: Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.


name: double-stranded DNA 5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


name: acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + 2-(2,3-dihydropentaprenyloxy)phenazine = 2-dihydropentaprenyloxyphenazine.


name: CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.


name: regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

description: The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


name: positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

description: The process in which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


name: induction of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

description: The process in which a chemical substance activates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


name: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor binding

description: Binding to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF.


regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


negative regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


positive regulation of fibrinolysis

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


peroxiredoxin activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.


name: adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-glutamine + adenosylcob(III)yrinate a,c-diamide + 4 ATP + 4 H2O = 4 L-glutamate + adenosylcobyrate + 4 ADP + 8 H+ + 4 phosphate.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


sulfation

description: The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


regulation of calcium ion transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of calcium ion transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of calcium ion transport

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: regulation of sensory perception of pain

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


regulation of sensory perception

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


synaptic transmission, GABAergic

description: The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake

description: The uptake of amino acid neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


name: catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: The uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


glutamate reuptake

description: The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

description: The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


catecholamine transport

description: The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


L-glutamate import

description: The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.


gamma-aminobutyric acid import

description: The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.


name: regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: negative regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: positive regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: positive regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: negative regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


name: regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


name: regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


name: negative regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


name: negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


name: positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


name: positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


regulation of amine transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of amine transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of amine transport

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of amino acid transport

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: negative regulation of amino acid transport

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


name: positive regulation of amino acid transport

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


methotrexate transport

description: The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


dynein light intermediate chain binding

description: Binding to a light intermediate chain of the dynein complex.


name: regulation of nervous system development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


name: negative regulation of nervous system development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


name: positive regulation of nervous system development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


negative regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


positive regulation of synapse assembly

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.


name: regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


name: negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


name: positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


name: regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


name: negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


name: positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


regulation of telomerase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.


name: positive regulation of telomerase activity

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


name: negative regulation of telomerase activity

description: Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).


name: lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.


name: lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.


lysophospholipid transport

description: The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


description: Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


alginic acid acetylation

description: The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.


name: iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


name: copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of chromosome segregation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


name: positive regulation of chromosome segregation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


name: negative regulation of chromosome segregation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


name: negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


name: positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


name: regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protoporphyrinogen IX + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


name: abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.


P-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the phosphorus atom of an acceptor molecule.


Se-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.


squalene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: presqualene diphosphate + NADPH = squalene + NADP+ + diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.


name: protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.


name: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

description: Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host ethylene-mediated defense response

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cellular anatomical entity

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of a host cellular anatomical entity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host cell wall

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell endomembrane system

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host endomembrane system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host transcription

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts transcription in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with the ability of the host to mount a defense in response to its presence. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host inflammatory response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the normal execution of the  inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: effector-mediated suppression of host pattern-triggered immunity

description: A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of the innate immune response of the host organism via recognition of a microbe-associated molecular pattern. The innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammatory response

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of  inflammatory response in the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host intracellular transport

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the directed movement of substances within the cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cytoskeleton

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host programmed cell death

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product alters or subverts host programmed cell death, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of host programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host programmed cell death

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host programmed cell death, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host programmed cell death

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product activates host programmed cell death, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host phagocytosis

description: A process in which in a symbiont interferes with or inhibits host phagocytosis by targeting phagocytic signaling or the cellular phagocytic machinery. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor signaling pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a PAMP signaling pathway in its host organism, initiated by a ligand binding of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to activate a plant innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host MAPK cascade

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host T-cell mediated immune response

description: A process by which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host B-cell mediated immune response

description: A process by which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


modulation of nutrient release by host

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: positive regulation of nutrient release by host

description: Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition

description: The assembly of a symbiotic cellular or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: formation of haustorium for nutrient acquisition

description: The assembly of a haustorium, a projection from a symbiotic cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition

description: The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

description: The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host induced systemic resistance

description: Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated disruption of host anatomical structure

description: The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of an anatomical structure of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated occlusion of host xylem

description: The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive energy taxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


negative energy taxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


negative aerotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.


positive aerotaxis

description: The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated activation of host apoptosis

description: A process in which a symbiont gene product activates host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host B-cell mediated immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host T-cell mediated immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host induced systemic resistance

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts either the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response.


name: symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin

description: Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host innate immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host innate immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to defenses of other organism

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of another organism.


response to host defenses

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to symbiont defenses

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


phytoalexin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


phytoalexin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


phytoalexin catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


camalexin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


name: regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


name: regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.


name: positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


name: negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


name: positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.


name: negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.


name: plant-type cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


name: modulation by symbiont of entry into host

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA dimethylallyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + tRNA = diphosphate + tRNA containing 6-dimethylallyladenosine.


cell wall thickening

description: A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


name: negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

description: Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

description: The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.


name: modulation of nutrient release by symbiont

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: modulation by host of symbiont transcription

description: Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.


name: defense response by cell wall thickening

description: A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.


name: positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont

description: Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


defense response by callose deposition

description: Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


callose deposition in cell wall

description: Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


name: defense response by callose deposition in cell wall

description: Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


callose localization

description: Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


cell wall pectin metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


regulation of peptidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


regulation of endopeptidase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


name: symbiont-mediated perturbation of host immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


name: symbiont-mediated suppression of host immune response

description: A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of an immune response of the host organism. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to host immune response

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


UDP-D-galactose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


UDP-galactose biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


carbohydrate localization

description: Any process in which a carbohydrate is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


carbohydrate storage

description: The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


germacrene-D synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


name: (+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


name: (+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


(-)-isopiperitenone reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP+.


(+)-menthofuran synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H2O + +H+ + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


name: diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


name: diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + H+ + NADH.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


aliphatic amine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


diamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


histamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


methylputrescine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + limonene-1,2-epoxide. Can use either (4S)-limonene or (4R)-limonene as substrate. NADPH can act instead of NADH, although more slowly.


echinenone 3-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


4-ketotorulene 3-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-ketotorulene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxy-4-ketotorulene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


adonirubin 3-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


canthaxanthin 3-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: canthaxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = adonirubin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


uracil oxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADH + O2 + uracil = (Z)-3-ureidoacrylate + FMN + H+ + H2O + NAD+. Can also use thymine as a substrate.


ent-kaurene oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.


name: coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.


name: coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor gamma-F420-1 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-2 + phosphate.


thymine dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.


diguanylate cyclase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H+.


ATP dimethylallyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: delta(2)-isopentenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


name: 4-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-aminobenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


benzoate amino acid synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + ATP + amino acid = benzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


name: vanillate amino acid synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


name: 4-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = a (4R,8E)-4-hydroxysphingenine ceramide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O or an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (4R,8Z)-4-hydroxysphing-8-enine ceramide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. This results in the formation of a double bond between C8 and C9 of the long chain base of a sphingolipid.


name: C-19 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a C-19 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-19 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-19 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with nineteen carbons.


name: C-20 gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a C-20 gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a C-20 2-beta-hydroxygibberellin + succinate + CO2. C-20 gibberellin refers to a gibberellin with twenty carbons.


arabinosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the transfer of an arabinosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


name: delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-butyrate + UDP-D-glucose = indole-3-butyryl-beta-1-D-glucose + UDP.


name: salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.


name: salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP.


name: benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: benzoic acid + UDP-glucose = benzoic acid glucose ester + UDP.


name: lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


chlorophyllide a metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.


F420-0 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.


alditol phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


pentitol phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitol phosphates, any phosphorylated alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


ribitol phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


name: all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP+ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H+.


monoacylglycerol catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


name: cyclic purine nucleotide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue and the base is a purine.


name: 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.


L-leucine transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-leucine = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamatic acid.


L-valine transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.


L-isoleucine transaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


R-lactaldehyde reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


zeaxanthin epoxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 H+ + 2 O2 + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 H2O + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


nitroalkane oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methyluracil.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


name: CTP:farnesol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


geraniol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


geranylgeraniol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


name: CTP:geranylgeraniol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeraniol + CTP = all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + CDP.


prenol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.


name: 3-methylbutanal reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


name: 3-methylbutanal reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


name: D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.


levopimaradiene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.


terpentetriene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: terpentedienyl diphosphate = diphosphate + terpentetriene.


epi-isozizaene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


epi-cedrol synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.


(Z)-gamma-bisabolene synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z)-gamma-bisabolene + diphosphate.


name: L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole, L-tryptophan-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O.


name: perillic acid-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + perillyl-CoA.


name: perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.


name: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


name: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


carboxylic ester hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.


name: trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


UDP-arabinopyranose mutase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose = UDP-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.


epoxyqueuosine reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O.


cellular glucuronidation

description: The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.


flavonoid glucuronidation

description: The modification of a flavonoid by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant flavonoid glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the precursor.


xenobiotic glucuronidation

description: The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion.


ergothioneine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


ergothioneine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


ergothioneine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


name: cellular modified histidine metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


name: cellular modified histidine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


name: cellular modified histidine biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


name: ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

description: The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


name: N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

description: The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


name: inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.


name: inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol.


name: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosylphosphorylinositol.


name: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosyldiphosphorylinositol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 hydroquinone + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 4 H2O.


name: tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


name: tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase complex

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A protein complex that possesses tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity. In eukaryotes the complex is a heterodimer; the subunits are known as Tad2p and Tad3p in yeasts and Adat2 and Adat3 in human.


name: RNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


name: class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


name: fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


capsanthin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin = capsanthin.


capsorubin synthase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin = capsorubin.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.


sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.


phosphocholine phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: choline phosphate + H2O = choline + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.


name: quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


name: shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N3-methylcytidine in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucanase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.


name: pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.


(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (1R,5S)-carveol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


phosphatidylinositol kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a phosphatidylinositol = ADP + a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


name: inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.


name: phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.


inositol phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.


baicalin beta-D-glucuronidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: baicalin + H2O = baicalein + D-glucuronate.


name: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O.


GDP-mannose hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate.


name: reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


name: propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.


name: GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.


name: reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.


chitobiose phosphorylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.


chondroitin hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of hexosaminic linkages in chondroitin, a linear polymer structure composed of the repeating disaccharide unit [->4)-D-glucuronic acid-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-(1-], also written as [->4GlcUA1->3GalNAc1-].


name: coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trinitrophenol + H- = 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


name: coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


name: coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.


gellan lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: gellan = n beta-D-4-deoxy-delta4,5-GlcAp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyluronate bonds of gellan backbone, releasing tetrasaccharides containing a 4-deoxy-4,5-unsaturated D-glucopyranosyluronic acid at the non-reducing end; in the product, the abbreviations are D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and L-rhamnose (Rha).


ulvan lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.


exo-oligoalginate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.


reduced coenzyme F420 oxidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.


description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->3) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.


description: Catalysis of the glycosidic cleavage of the terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside 6-sulfate (6-SO3-GlcNAc) residue from sulfomucin, a sulfated mucin derivative.


coenzyme F390-A hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420.


coenzyme F390-G hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-G = GMP + coenzyme F420.


brefeldin A esterase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNac2) + H2O = acetate + 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcN-GlcNAc).


description: Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine.


endo-1,3-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.


name: diacetylchitobiose catabolic process to glucosamine and acetate

description: The pathway resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products, including glucosamine and glucosamine. The catabolism proceeds by the deacetylation of diacetylchitobiose, producing acetate and GlcN-GlcNAc; the latter is cleaved to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is then deacetylated to produce glucosamine (GlcN) and acetate.


diacetylchitobiose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacetylchitobiose into simpler products.


diacetylchitobiose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacetylchitobiose, the N,N'-diacetylated derivative of chitobiose.


amino disaccharide metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


chitobiose metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitobioses, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.


chitobiose catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any chitobiose, a family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.


amino disaccharide catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino disaccharide, a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.


reuteran metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


reuteran biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


name: cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

description: The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


name: alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose

description: The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.


name: alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

description: The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


name: d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


name: 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain.


description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.


pectin acetylesterase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


exo-alpha-(2->3)-sialidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


exo-alpha-(2->6)-sialidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity

description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


description: Catalysis of the transfer of sialyl residues alpha-2,3-linked to a beta galactosyl residue on the donor to form an alpha-2,3 linkage to a terminal beta galactosyl residue on the acceptor.