name: coenzyme F420-dependent bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

description: The breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole into simpler components in a process that requires coenzyme F420 and produces reactive nitrogen species. Hydride, from reduced coenzyme F420, is added to the bicyclic nitroimidazole, resulting in unstable substances that break down to form three stable products. The elimination of nitrous acid produces the corresponding des-nitroimidazole; hydrolysis produces a related compound; and further reduction creates an aromatic hydroxylamine metabolite that degrades further. These reactions release hyponitrous acid and nitrous acid, which is unstable and disproportionates into nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates.


name: bicyclic nitroimidazole catabolic process

category: biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bicyclic nitroimidazole.


name: bicyclic nitroimidazole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclic nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with two rings and a nitro group attached to one ring.


nitroimidazole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


name: imidazole-containing compound metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


nitroimidazole catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


name: imidazole-containing compound catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


name: sulfite reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

category: biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 3 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = hydrogen sulfide + 3 H2O + 3 coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


name: aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


name: reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.


name: medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a medium-chain fatty acid + CoA + H+. A medium-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 6 to 12 carbons.


name: long-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a long-chain fatty acid + CoA + H+. A long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing 13 to 22 carbons.


name: very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a very long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H2O = a very long-chain fatty acid + CoA + H+. A very long-chain fatty acid has an aliphatic tail containing more than 22 carbons.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->3)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol pentakisphosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


name: inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


name: inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.


name: inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate.


thiazole biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


thiazole metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


name: inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate = ADP + inositol bisdiphosphate trisphosphate.


name: inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


name: inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


name: NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin + NADPH + H+ = dihydrocurcumin + NADP+.


name: NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.


name: ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADPH.


name: ADP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ADP = AMP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


NADHX epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADHX = (S)-NADHX.


NADPHX epimerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADPHX = (S)-NADPHX.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


name: glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


name: glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

description: Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


name: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


name: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


name: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


name: phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.


name: arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-alpha-tocopherol + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 13-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


FMN reductase (NADPH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NADP+ = FMN + NADPH + 2 H+.


FMN reductase (NADH) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.


riboflavin reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH.


name: methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2O + methylamine + 2 oxidized [amicyanin] = formaldehyde + 2 H+ + NH4+ + 2 reduced [amicyanin].


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.


linoleate 8R-lipoxygenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + linoleate = (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


name: 9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8S-isomerase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate = (7S,8S,9Z,12Z)-7,8-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + FADH(2) + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H+ + H2O.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH4 + trans-4-coumarate.


name: all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


name: all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


name: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene

description: The series of reactions in which 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene is desaturated to 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene, and then 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene. The overall reaction for this process is: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 2 quinol + 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene.


name: oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor

description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


name: aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + cyanide.


name: aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aromatic aldehyde + cyanide.


name: N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


name: N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


name: spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.


name: N8-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2.


name: N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.


name: spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.


name: spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.


name: spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


name: N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.


name: N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine9 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methylguanosine9 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 23S rRNA (adenine(1618)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1618) in 23S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N(6)-methyladenine(1618) in 23S rRNA.


name: 16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.


name: 18S rRNA (adenine(1779)-N(6)/adenine(1780)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1779)/adenine(1780) in 18S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1779)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1780) in 18S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


name: 23S rRNA (guanine(745)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(745) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(745) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 23S rRNA (guanine(2445)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


name: 23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


description: Catalysis of the addition of mannose to dolichyl-pyrophosphate Man7GlcNAc2 (also written as Man7GlcNAc2-PP-Dol) in alpha-(1->6) linkage, producing Man8GlcNAc2-PP-Dol.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


name: aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + hydrogen cyanide.


name: hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


name: all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


name: all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


name: CTP:tRNA cytidylyltransferase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.


description: Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


name: alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.


striated muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.


cardiac myofibril assembly

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


atrial cardiac myofibril assembly

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


ventricular cardiac myofibril assembly

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


cardiac cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.


cardiac muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.


name: atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

description: The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.


name: atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


cardiac muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


atrial cardiac muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


hypochord development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.


cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


cortical microtubule

category: biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.


name: nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

description: A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


Bolwig's organ development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


plastid thylakoid membrane

description: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.


virion membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a virion.


recycling endosome

description: An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.


recycling endosome membrane

description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.


trichocyst

description: A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.


periplasmic flagellum

description: Flagellar filaments located in the periplasmic space; characterized in spirochetes, in which they are essential for shape and motility. Composed of a core surrounded by two sheath layers, the flagella rotate to allow migration of the cell through viscous media, which would not be possible using external flagella.


cyclopentanol dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanol + NAD+ = cyclopentanone + H+ + NADH.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


5-oxovalerate dehydrogenase activity

description: Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxovalerate + NADP+ + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + H+.


symplast

description: The interconnected cell membranes and intracellular regions of a plant. The interconnections occur via the plasmodesmata.


antipodal cell degeneration

description: The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.


microgametogenesis

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.


generative cell mitosis

description: The process in which the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.


anastral spindle assembly

description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.


name: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

description: A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


name: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing

description: A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 5 subunits: two ATP-binding subunits, two membrane spanning subunits, and one substrate-binding subunit. In organisms with two membranes, the substrate-binding protein moves freely in the periplasmic space and joins the other subunits only when bound with substrate. In organisms with only one membrane the substrate-binding protein is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane and associated with the other subunits. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


name: mannose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: mannose + H+ = mannose + H+.


name: fructose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose + H+ = fructose + H+.


name: D-glucose:proton symporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.


name: D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

description: Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


neuroblast division

description: The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


symmetric neuroblast division

description: The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.


asymmetric neuroblast division

description: The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.


name: asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

description: Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.


phosphate ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.


sulfate ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


chloride ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell.


copper ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of copper ions within an organism or cell.


manganese ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of manganese ions within an organism or cell.


calcium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


potassium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.


gap junction hemi-channel activity

description: A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.


sodium ion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


monoatomic cation homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


monoatomic anion homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic anions within an organism or cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.


intracellular chemical homeostasis

description: A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.


transmembrane transport

description: The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


name: nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process

description: The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


Ski complex

description: A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.


lipid homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.


fatty acid homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


acylglycerol homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.


phospholipid homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phospholipid within an organism or cell.


sterol homeostasis

description: Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.


response to hyperoxia

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


response to lipoprotein particle

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

category: biolink:Pathway biolink:OntologyClass biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:Occurrent biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


name: low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.


name: high density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

description: The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of high density lipoprotein particle.


adiponectin binding

description: Binding to adiponectin, a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.


lipase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid.


ligase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a ligase.


ligase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ligase.


name: ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity

description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


name: ubiquitin-protein transferase regulator activity

description: Binds to and modulates the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine in a substrate protein.


Golgi to secretory granule transport

description: The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.


Golgi to transport vesicle transport

description: The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis.


name: invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


name: involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


name: ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


name: delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.


name: epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

description: The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


entry into diapause

description: The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


entry into reproductive diapause

description: The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

description: The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


striated muscle dense body

description: A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.


name: response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.


name: response to very low light intensity stimulus

description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


digestive system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


name: vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear

description: The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.


L-proline biosynthetic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


D-alanine catabolic process

description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.


C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding

description: Binding to a C3HC4-type zinc finger domain of a protein. The C3HC4-type zinc finger is a variant of RING finger, is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.


name: minus-end directed microfilament motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


name: plus-end directed microfilament motor activity

description: A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


copper ion export

description: The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.


reflex

description: An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


vestibular reflex

description: A reflex process in which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


angular vestibuloocular reflex

description: A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


linear vestibuloocular reflex

description: A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


Sertoli cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


Sertoli cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.


Sertoli cell fate commitment

description: The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.


Sertoli cell proliferation

description: The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


righting reflex

description: A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.


granulosa cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


granulosa cell fate commitment

description: The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.


granulosa cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.


parathyroid gland development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


astrocyte fate commitment

description: The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.


radial glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


Bergmann glial cell differentiation

description: The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


roof of mouth development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the roof of the mouth from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The roof of the mouth is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.


hard palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


soft palate development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.


rhythmic synaptic transmission

description: Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


regulation of synaptic activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


convergent extension

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.


name: convergent extension involved in gastrulation

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.


name: convergent extension involved in axis elongation

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


name: convergent extension involved in organogenesis

description: The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.


dorsal convergence

description: The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement.


mediolateral intercalation

description: The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


notochord regression

description: The developmental process in which the structure of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.


anatomical structure regression

description: The developmental process in which an anatomical structure is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


notochord cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


notochord cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


notochord cell vacuolation

description: The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.


pharyngeal system development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the structure it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.


cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.


pericardium development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


retina development in camera-type eye

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.


retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.


name: regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


name: negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


name: positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


regulation of acrosome reaction

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


heart contraction

description: The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


cardiac muscle contraction

description: Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.


regulation of protein glycosylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


name: positive regulation of protein glycosylation

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


name: negative regulation of protein glycosylation

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


neurofilament cytoskeleton organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.


neurofilament cytoskeleton

description: Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.


name: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing

description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.


angiogenesis involved in wound healing

description: Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


mammary gland involution

description: The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.


name: apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

description: Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.


name: positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.


name: embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.


name: post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

description: The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


Spemann organizer formation

description: Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


name: Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore

description: Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


name: Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

description: Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


name: Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak

description: Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.


uterus development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oviduct development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


cervix development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


vagina development

description: The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


name: Wnt signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning

description: The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with the positioning of the mitotic spindle.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway

description: A type of Wnt signaling pathway in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell results in the by propagation of the molecular signals via beta-catenin, and end with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


name: Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

description: A type of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell results in the activation small G proteins such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 which, in turn activate effectors, including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho kinase (Rok). The signaling ends with change in the transcription of target genes and/or reorganisation of the cytoskeleton.


name: large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

description: Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 100 to 220 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by concerted actions of internal calcium ions and membrane potential. Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are less sensitive to calcium than are small or intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


micturition

description: The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.


synapse maturation

description: The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.


name: regulation of resting membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.


excitatory synapse

description: A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


inhibitory synapse

description: A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.


name: regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

description: Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


inhibitory postsynaptic potential

description: A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


membrane hyperpolarization

description: The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.


eye blink reflex

description: The reflex process in which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.


name: smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

description: The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.


name: synaptic transmission involved in micturition

description: The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


name: smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet

description: A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


circadian temperature homeostasis

description: Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


name: relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle

description: A negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction resulting in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxation is mediated by a decrease in the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain. This can be achieved by removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases leading to a decrease myosin light chain kinase activity, and through calcium-independent pathways leading to a increase in myosin light chain phosphatase activity.


name: auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.


molecular transducer activity

description: A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.


molecular adaptor activity

description: The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more molecules through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


kinocilium

description: A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.


name: regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


name: negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


name: positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


name: zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


serotonin secretion, neurotransmission

description: The regulated release of serotonin by a cell, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.


name: cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

description: The assembly, arrangement, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


name: membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment

description: The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


name: positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


name: negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.


name: collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: An electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle. The surface coat is loosely apposed to the epicuticle, has distinct biochemical properties, is synthesized by cells other than the underlying hypodermis, and is labile. In addition to serving as a lubricant to protect against abrasion and dehydration, the surface coat may also play important roles in infection and immune evasion. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: A lipid-containing layer of cuticle that lies between the cortical layer and the surface coat. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


annuli extracellular matrix

description: The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present.


annular furrow extracellular matrix

description: The extracellular matrix part that is a regularly spaced indentation in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle. The pattern of annular furrows corresponds to sites of invaginations in hypodermal cell membranes that, in turn, correspond to submembranous regions where actin microfilament bundles assemble early in lethargus, the first phase of the molting cycle in which activity and feeding decline.


name: medial layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals.


name: basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: The layer of cuticle most closely apposed to the hypodermal cells. The morphology of the basal layer varies with life stage. In adult C. elegans animals, the basal layers is comprised of three sublayers: two fibrous layers whose fibers run in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions meeting one another at a 60 degree angle, and an amorphous basal layer that lies underneath the fibrous layers and directly contacts the hypodermis. In C. elegans dauer and L1 larval stage animals, the basal layer is characterized by a striated pattern that appears to derive from interwoven laminae. An example of this component is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


name: alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

description: Raised, thickened cuticular ridges that run longitudinally, and in parallel, along the left and right sides of the animal. The alae lie above the hypodermal cells known as the lateral seam cells. In C. elegans, alae are produced in L1 larvae, dauer larvae and adult stage animals, where they consist of three, five, and three ridges of distinct morphology, respectively.


generation of ovulation cycle rhythm

description: The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation

description: The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.


name: vestibular receptor cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.


name: vestibular receptor cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.


vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis

description: Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.


auditory receptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


vestibular receptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


inner ear receptor cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

description: The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


name: vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of vestibular hair cells.


name: inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.


regulation of growth hormone secretion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


name: positive regulation of growth hormone secretion

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


name: negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

description: Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


name: somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


name: prolactin secreting cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


name: corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


name: thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation

description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


name: thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


name: corticotropin hormone secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


prolactin secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


somatotropin secreting cell development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


prepulse inhibition

description: The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


name: maternal process involved in female pregnancy

description: A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.


name: embryonic process involved in female pregnancy

description: A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.


name: maternal process involved in parturition

description: A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.


fetal process involved in parturition

description: A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


name: modulation by virus of syncytium formation via plasma membrane fusion

description: The formation in a cell that has been targeted by a virus of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus

description: The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


name: regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


name: positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


name: negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.


peroxisome localization

description: Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


description: The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


platelet dense granule organization

description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


milk ejection reflex

description: A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


urinary bladder development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


name: phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


name: regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.


subpallium neuron fate commitment

description: The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


name: regulation of timing of neuron differentiation

description: The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.


name: regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation

description: The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


olfactory pit development

description: The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.


name: regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


name: negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ciliary membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.


stereocilium membrane

description: The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium.


astral microtubule depolymerization

description: The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


limb development

description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.


limb bud formation

description: The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


name: brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

description: Combining with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


name: regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


name: regulation of angiotensin metabolic process

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.


regulation of exocyst localization

description: Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


male mating behavior

description: The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.


female mating behavior

description: The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.


apelin receptor activity

description: Combining with the peptide apelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


apelin receptor signaling pathway

description: A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by apelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


cell cycle switching

description: The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode.


outer ear unfolding

description: The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.


outer ear emergence

description: The growth of the outer ear.


cell pole

description: Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.


regulation of protein desumoylation

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


name: positive regulation of protein desumoylation

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


name: negative regulation of protein desumoylation

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


regulation of lipase activity

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


negative regulation of lipase activity

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


positive regulation of lipase activity

description: Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


name: regulation of antisense RNA transcription

description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.


name: negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription

description: Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.