epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma

description: A malignant neoplasm which occurs mostly in the major salivary glands (most frequently in the parotid gland), but also in the minor salivary glands of the oral mucosa and the tracheobronchial tree. It is characterized by the presence of ductal structures which are lined by an inner layer of cuboidal epithelial-type cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm.


name: glycogen-rich clear cell breast carcinoma

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: An uncommon, usually aggressive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of clear cells that contain glycogen.


vulvar alveolar soft part sarcoma

description: An alveolar soft part sarcoma arising from the vulva.


fallopian tube germ cell tumor

description: A rare germ cell tumor that affects the fallopian tube. The vast majority of cases are teratomas.


thymus gland disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the thymus. Representative examples include thymic hyperplasia, thymoma, and thymic carcinoma.


dental pulp disorder

description: A disease involving the dental pulp.


testicular granulosa cell tumor

description: A rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis. It is characterized by the presence of granulosa-like cells and Call-Exner bodies. There are two variants described, the adult and the juvenile.


epulis

description: A non-neoplastic nodular lesion that arises from the gingiva.


gingival hypertrophy

description: Abnormal enlargement or overgrowth of the gingivae brought about by enlargement of existing cells.


anterograde amnesia

description: Loss of the ability to form new memories beyond a certain point in time. This condition may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organically induced anterograde amnesia may follow craniocerebral trauma; seizures; anoxia; and other conditions which adversely affect neural structures associated with memory formation (e.g., the hippocampus; fornix (brain); mammillary bodies; and anterior thalamic nuclei). (From Memory 1997 Jan-Mar;5(1-2):49-71)


pineal region yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that involves the pineal body.


childhood endodermal sinus tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that occurs during childhood.


name: central nervous system endodermal sinus tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


testicular yolk sac tumor

description: A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It affects infants, young children, and postpubertal males. It is the most frequently seen testicular neoplasm during childhood. The vast majority of patients present with an asymptomatic scrotal mass. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It metastasizes to distant anatomic sites. Prognostic factors relate to the clinical stage and the degree of AFP elevation.


name: testicular non-seminomatous germ cell cancer

description: A classification of testicular cancers that arise in specialized sex cells called germ cells. Nonseminomas include embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk sac tumor.


adult yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that occurs in an adult.


name: adult central nervous system germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor of the central nervous system occurring in adults.


sleep-wake disorder

description: Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the circadian rhythm which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.


ovarian primitive germ cell tumor

description: A malignant tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of malignant germ cell components but lacks a teratoma component.


colonic disorder

description: Pathological processes in the colon region of the large intestine (intestine, large).


Wolffian duct adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical adenocarcinoma that arises from mesonephric remnants. It is usually characterized by the presence of tubular glands lined by cuboidal epithelial cells.


breast hemangiopericytoma

description: A hemangiopericytoma arising from the breast.


retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma

description: A benign or malignant hemangiopericytoma arising from the retroperitoneum.


hair follicle neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from the hair follicle.


skin pilomatrix carcinoma

description: A very rare, locally aggressive, malignant neoplasm of the hair follicle. The majority of the cases arise de novo, however malignant transformation from a pre-existing pilomatricoma has been reported. It usually presents as a solitary nodule in the head and neck, upper extremities, or buttocks. Morphologically, it is characterized by the presence of aggregates of basaloid cells infiltrating the dermis. Masses of ghost cells are present in the cellular aggregates. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. If it is not completely removed, it usually recurs, but it rarely metastasizes to distant anatomic sites.


internuclear ophthalmoplegia

description: An abnormality of conjugate lateral gaze in which the affected eye shows impairment of adduction. The pathognomonic clinical sign of internuclear ophthalmoplegia is an impaired adduction while testing horizontal saccades on the side of the lesion in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fascicule.


Bartholin gland adenoma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of clustered glands and tubules lined by mucin-secreting epithelial cells.


bile duct cystadenoma

description: An epithelial, usually multiloculated neoplasm arising from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. It occurs predominantly in females. Signs and symptoms include abdominal mass, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Morphologically, the cystic spaces are lined by columnar epithelium and contain mucinous or serous fluid.


mixed cell adenoma

description: An adenoma characterized by the presence of a mixed epithelial cell population.


lung adenoma

description: A benign, well circumscribed epithelial neoplasm that arises from the bronchus or the lung parenchyma. Representative examples include alveolar adenoma, papillary adenoma, and mucus gland adenoma.


middle ear adenoma

description: A benign, well-circumscribed glandular neoplasm that arises from the middle ear and may exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. It usually presents with conductive hearing loss.


oncocytic adenoma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Representative examples include oncocytic adenomas of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and pituitary gland.


ophthalmoplegia

description: Weakness or paralysis of at least one of the muscles controlling the movement of the eye. It results from degeneration of the muscles or the neural pathways involved in the eye movement. Representative disorders causing ophthalmoplegia include ocular myopathies and multiple sclerosis.


clear cell adenoma

description: A benign neoplasm composed of glands containing epithelial clear cells.


bronchus adenoma

description: A benign lung neoplasm characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular stroma lined by cuboidal to columnar cells. Patients are usually asymptomatic and it is incidentally discovered as a pulmonary nodule during chest X-ray examination. Surgical excision is curative.


brain hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the brain.


functioning pituitary gland adenoma

description: A hormone producing pituitary gland adenoma, associated with a hormonal syndrome.


prolactin producing pituitary tumor

description: An adenoma or carcinoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces prolactin.


lipoadenoma

description: An adenoma in which the neoplastic epithelial cells are admixed with adipose tissue cells.


strabismus

description: Strabismus is the intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object as the other eye. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. Strabismus is normal in newborns but should resolve by the time the baby is 6 months old. In older children with strabismus, the brain may learn to ignore the input from one eye, and this may lead to amblyopia, a potentially permanent decrease in vision in that eye if not corrected.


water-clear cell adenoma

description: A rare parathyroid gland adenoma composed of neoplastic cells with abundant cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells is usually not entirely clear, and is often variably vacuolated, foamy, and granular.


vaginal adenoma

description: A glandular epithelial neoplasm that arises from the vagina and shows intestinal differentiation.


microcystic adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm characterized by a microcystic pattern. The cystic spaces are lined by small cuboidal cells without evidence of significant cytologic atypia.


occult small cell lung carcinoma

description: A small cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


combined small cell lung carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of small cell lung carcinoma in combination with a non-small cell carcinoma.


urinary bladder villous adenoma

description: An exophytic glandular neoplasm of the bladder, morphologically similar to its intestinal counterpart. It often coexists with in situ or infiltrating bladder adenocarcinoma.


dystonic disorder

description: A movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions, resulting in abnormal movements and/or postures.


bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm

description: A papillary epithelial neoplasm that involves the urinary bladder urothelium.


papillary urothelial neoplasm

description: A neoplastic lesion of the urinary tract transitional cell epithelium characterized by papillary formations. -- 2003


intrahepatic bile duct adenoma

description: A rare adenoma that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree.


extrahepatic bile duct adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is classified as papillary, tubular, or tubulopapillary.


papillary hidradenoma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It presents as a slow growing cystic nodular lesion most often in the skin of the vulva and the perianal region. It is characterized by the presence of cystic and large papillary structures. The papillary structures contain connective tissue and are covered by two layers of epithelium. Complete excision is curative.


clear cell hidradenoma

description: An uncommon benign neoplasm of the sweat glands characterized by the presence of clear cells.


benign spiradenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm with eccrine or apocrine differentiation, arising from the sweat glands. It usually presents as a solitary, well circumscribed, firm nodule in the face and upper trunk. It is characterized by the presence of basaloid cells forming nodules in the dermis. Cases of carcinoma arising from long standing spiradenomas have been reported.


eccrine papillary adenoma

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the sweat glands. It is characterized by the presence of eccrine ducts in the dermis containing intraluminal papillary projections.


cochlear disorder

description: Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (cochlea) of the inner ear (labyrinth) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (endolymph).


conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm

description: A precancerous neoplastic intraepithelial process involving the conjunctival squamous epithelium.


conjunctival cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the conjunctiva.


bile duct papillary neoplasm

description: A non-invasive, papillary epithelial neoplasm that arises from the epithelium of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts.


uterine corpus adenofibroma

description: A usually polypoid, benign neoplasm that arises from the endometrial cavity. It is characterized by the presence of a mesenchymal core component and an epithelial component that forms a lining on the mesenchymal core.


cervical adenofibroma

description: A benign, polypoid neoplasm that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of epithelial and mesenchymal elements.


clear cell adenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of glandular structures which contain clear cells and a fibrotic stroma.


fallopian tube serous adenofibroma

description: A rare, benign, asymptomatic neoplasm that arises from the fallopian tube. The majority of cases are incidental findings during operation for an unrelated gynecologic disorder. The tumors are round and solitary and contain connective tissue and papillary or tubular structures lined by serous-type epithelium.


papillary adenofibroma

description: A biphasic polypoid neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillary projections that are lined by epithelial cells and fibrotic stroma.


ovarian endometrioid adenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of glandular structures with endometrial-type well-differentiated cells in a fibrotic stroma.


cystadenofibroma

description: A benign or borderline neoplasm that arises from the ovaries and the fallopian tubes. It is characterized by the presence of cystic glandular structures and fibrous tissue.


spindle cell synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma characterized by the presence of a spindle cell component only.


mediastinum synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


biphasic synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma characterized by the presence of both an epithelial and a spindle cell component.


epithelioid cell synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma characterized by the presence of an epithelial cell component only. The epithelial cells are arranged in glandular or papillary structures.


cellular ependymoma

description: An ependymoma which shows conspicuous cellularity without a significant increase in mitotic rate. (Adapted from WHO)


Pediculus humanus capitis infestation

description: A infectious disease involving Pediculus humanus capitis.


lice infestation

description: A contagious infestation of parasitic insects found on the head (Pediculus humanus capitis), body (Pediculus humanus corporis), or pubic area (Pthirus pubis) that typically cause itching and rash.


spinal cord ependymoma

description: An ependymoma that arises from the spinal cord.


tanycytic ependymoma

description: A variant of ependymoma, often found in the spinal cord, with tumor cells arranged in fascicles of variable width and cell density. Ependymal rosettes are generally absent, so this lesion must be distinguished from astrocytic neoplasms, but its EM characteristics are ependymal. (Adapted from WHO.)


papillary ependymoma

description: A rare variant of ependymoma characterized by well formed papillae. Tumor cell processes abutting capillaries are usually GFAP-positive. Differential diagnoses include choroid plexus papilloma, papillary meningioma and metastatic papillary carcinoma. (Adapted from WHO)


clear cell ependymoma

description: An ependymoma, often supratentorial in location, characterized by the presence of ependymal cells with a perinuclear halo.


brain stem ependymoma

description: An ependymoma that arises from the brain stem.


childhood ependymoma

description: An ependymoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


toxic pneumonitis

description: A pneumonia that is an acute inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gasses and vapors. It is a sentinel health event (occupational) associated with exposure to ammonia (refrigeration, fertilizer, and oil refining industries), chlorine (alkali and bleach industries), nitrogen oxides (silo fillers, arc welders, and nitric acid industry), sulfur dioxide (paper, refrigeration, and oil refining industries), cadmium (processors and cadmium smelters), trimellitic anhydride (plastics and organic chemical synthesis), and vanadium pentoxide (boilermakers). The two types of pulmonary agents are central and peripheral. Central pulmonary agents, for example, ammonia, are water soluble irritants that injure the upper airways. Peripheral pulmonary agents, for example, phosgene, NOx, and PFIB, are slightly water soluble irritants that injure the alveolar-capillary membranes. Chlorine has both central and peripheral effects.


pineal region dysgerminoma

description: A dysgerminoma (disease) that involves the pineal body.


dysgerminoma of ovary

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is identical to seminoma and consists of a monotonous population of germ cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and uniform nuclei. The stroma invariably contains chronic inflammatory cells, mostly T-lymphocytes. It responds to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the prognosis relates to the tumor stage.


Pediculus humanus corporis infestation

description: A infectious disease involving the Pediculus humanus corporis.


basaloid squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the presence of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.


pseudoglandular squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma characterized by the formation of gland-like structures.


name: ampulla of vater squamous cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma with squamous differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


lacrimal gland squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the lacrimal gland.


thymus squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic carcinoma, characterized by the presence of keratinizing or non-keratinizing malignant squamous cells. Approximately 10-20% of cases occur in combination with thymoma. The prognosis depends on the tumor stage and the degree of cellular differentiation.


ovarian squamous cell carcinoma

description: A usually high grade squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is not associated with a germ cell tumor. The prognosis is poor.


ovarian squamous cell neoplasm

description: A squamous cell tumor that arises from the ovary and is not associated with a germ cell tumor.


renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the renal pelvis.


name: sarcomatoid squamous cell skin carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with a prominent spindle cell component.


squamous cell bile duct carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that involves the bile duct.


external ear squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the skin of the external ear.


ureter squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the ureter.


fallopian tube squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube.


anal canal neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the anal canal. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


femoral cancer

description: A cancer involving a femur.


pulmonary artery choriocarcinoma

description: A rare choriocarcinoma that arises from a pulmonary artery.


choriocarcinoma of ovary

description: A choriocarcinoma arising from the ovary. When it appears before puberty is of germ cell origin. In children and young adults signs and symptoms include precocious pseudopuberty and vaginal bleeding. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin is elevated. Germ cell derived ovarian choriocarcinoma should be differentiated from primary or metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma affecting the ovary. The prognosis of germ cell derived choriocarcinoma is less favorable and requires more aggressive chemotherapy treatment regimens compared to gestational choriocarcinoma.


choriocarcinoma of testis

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It represents the rarest of the testicular germ cell tumors. Histologically it is characterized by the presence of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts.


pineal region choriocarcinoma

description: A choriocarcinoma (disease) that involves the pineal body.


malignant testicular germ cell tumor

description: A malignant tumor predominantly affecting young men and often associated with cryptorchidism. Seminoma is the most frequently seen malignant testicular germ cell tumor, followed by embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor.


mediastinal mesenchymal tumor

description: A benign or malignant soft tissue neoplasm of the mediastinum. Representative examples of benign mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include chondroma, leiomyoma, lipoma, and rhabdomyoma. Representative examples of malignant mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms include angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma.


gastric teratoma

description: A mature or immature teratoma that arises from the stomach.


malignant teratoma

description: A malignant form of teratoma.


fallopian tube teratoma

description: A teratoma that arises from the fallopian tube. It is a rare tumor, often found incidentally.


adult teratoma

description: A teratoma that occurs in an adult.


mature teratoma

description: A teratoma which may be cystic; it is composed entirely of well differentiated, adult-type tissues, without evidence of fetal-type tissues.


mediastinum teratoma

description: A teratoma that involves the mediastinum.


malignant syringoma

description: A malignant form of syringoma.


male orgasm disorder

description: Persistent delay or absence in orgasm not accounted for by a medical reason.


gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor. It is usually located in the pancreas but it is also found at other anatomic sites, including the stomach and small intestine.


name: gastric gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the stomach. It produces gastrin and it may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


name: pancreatic gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor

description: A usually malignant gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor arising from the pancreas. It may or may not be associated with inappropriate secretion of gastrin and an associated clinical syndrome.


Volkmann contracture

description: An ischemic contracture of the forearm that most often occurs secondary to trauma.


acute pyelonephritis

description: Sudden onset pyelonephritis.


papillary eccrine carcinoma

description: A carcinoma of the eccrine glands. It consists of dilated ducts with papillary projections.


breast papillary carcinoma

description: A breast carcinoma characterized by the formation of irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma covered with neoplastic epithelial cells.


papillary thymic adenocarcinoma

description: A rare primary thymic adenocarcinoma, characterized by a papillary growth pattern. There are only a few published cases, and no good data regarding prognosis.


fallopian tube papillary adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and is characterized by a papillary architectural pattern.


description: A neoplasm of lymphoblasts committed to the T-cell lineage, typically composed of small to medium-sized blast cells. When the neoplasm involves predominantly the bone marrow and the peripheral blood, it is called T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. When it involves nodal or extranodal sites it is called T lymphoblastic lymphoma. (WHO, 2001)


description: A neoplasm of immature malignant lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) committed to the B-cell or T-cell lineage. Neoplasms involving the bone marrow and the peripheral blood are called precursor lymphoblastic leukemias or acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Neoplasms involving primarily lymph nodes or extranodal sites are called lymphoblastic lymphomas. -- 2003


T-cell adult acute lymphocytic leukemia

description: An acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia occurring in adults.


adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

description: An acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurring during adulthood.


dental pulp calcification

description: Pulp calcifications may appear as punctate calcifications, irregular, roughly spherical mineralized masses in any part of the pulp. It may occur isolated or associated to calcifications elsewhere such as the carotid arteries and kidneys. The diagnosis pulp calcifications can be established using radiological studies.


trigeminal nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the trigeminal nerve.


spinal cord cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm affecting the spinal cord. Representative examples include lymphoma, melanoma, and sarcoma.


name: intradural extramedullary spinal canal neoplasm

description: A neoplasm that occurs within the spinal canal in the space between the spinal cord and the dura mater. Representative examples include meningioma, neurofibroma, and sarcoma. Signs and symptoms include local and radicular pain, weakness and spinal cord compression.


third cranial nerve disorder

description: A disease involving the oculomotor nerve.


adenosquamous breast carcinoma

description: An invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of tubular and glandular neoplastic cell structures, admixed with islands of neoplastic cells showing squamous differentiation.


adenosquamous bile duct carcinoma

description: An adenosquamous carcinoma that arises from the bile ducts.


esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma

description: An esophageal carcinoma characterized by the presence of distinguishable squamous and glandular carcinomatous components.


thymic adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the thymus and is characterized by the presence of glandular and squamous carcinomatous components.


name: ampulla of vater adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma with glandular and squamous differentiation arising from the ampulla of Vater. Signs and symptoms include jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.


adenosquamous colon carcinoma

description: An unusual colon carcinoma characterized by the presence of glandular and squamous carcinomatous components. The two carcinomatous components may be admixed within the tumor, or the two may appear separately in different areas.


Bartholin gland adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and malignant squamous epithelial cells.


endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A rare endometrial carcinoma characterized by the presence of both malignant glandular and malignant squamous cellular components.


optic nerve sheath meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the sheath of the optic nerve.


adenosquamous prostate carcinoma

description: An infrequent invasive carcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of both glandular and squamous neoplastic components. It is more often located in the transitional zone of the prostate gland and it tends to rapidly metastasize to the bones.


name: malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts

description: An undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma characterized by the presence of osteoclast-like giant cells and cellular pleomorphism.


rete testis neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the rete testis. Representative examples include adenoma and adenocarcinoma.


diffuse pulmonary fibrosis

description: Diffuse replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue.


localized pulmonary fibrosis

description: Replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue in a specific area of the lung.


urethral villous adenoma

description: An epithelial neoplasm of the urethra, which is morphologically characterized by the presence of a villous architectural pattern.


disorder of optic chiasm

description: A disease that involves the optic chiasma.


cranial nerve neuropathy

description: A neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorder that affects one of the cranial nerves.


lipid-rich carcinoma

description: A carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm which contains neutral lipids. A representative example is the lipid-rich breast carcinoma.


name: nasopharyngeal type undifferentiated carcinoma

description: A nonkeratinizing carcinoma which occurs predominantly in the nasopharynx but also in the tonsils and rarely in other anatomic sites. It is characterized by the presence of large malignant cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, syncytial growth pattern, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.


pleomorphic carcinoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of cells with significant cytologic atypia and nuclear pleomorphism.


external ear cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the external ear.


comedocarcinoma

description: A high grade carcinoma characterized by the presence of comedo-type of tumor cell necrosis in which the necrotic areas are surrounded by a solid proliferation of malignant pleomorphic cells.


name: extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor

description: A malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumor that develops as a primary tumor in an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary.


retinal nerve fiber layer disorder

description: A disease that involves the nerve fiber layer of retina.


ovarian embryonal carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma arising from the ovary. Signs and symptoms include the presence of an abdominal mass and abdominal pain.


name: hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Patients are at high risk of developing breast cancer, particularly before the age of fifty, high risk of developing a second primary breast cancer, and high risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer.


visual cortex disorder

description: A disease involving the visual cortex.


adult liposarcoma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from adipocytes, that occurs in adults. The tumor maybe one of several histologic types including well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid/round cell, and pleomorphic liposarcoma.


esophagus liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the esophagus, characterized by multivacuolated lipoblasts with hyperchromatic nuclei, a solid pattern of growth, and a rich vascular network. It arises from the mucosal and submucosal layers of the lower esophagus. Clinical presentation includes progressive dysphagia, nausea, throat discomfort, and foreign body sensation.


pediatric liposarcoma

description: A rare malignant neoplasm arising from adipocytes, that occurs in children. The tumor maybe one of several histologic types including well-differentiated, dedifferentiated, myxoid/round cell, and pleomorphic liposarcoma.


larynx liposarcoma

description: A rare malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the larynx. It predominantly affects males. Clinical presentation includes dysphonia, dysphagia and respiratory symptoms. The supraglottis is the most common site of involvement.


liposarcoma of the ovary

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the ovary.


fibroblastic liposarcoma

description: A liposarcoma characterized by the presence of a fibroblastic component.


kidney liposarcoma

description: A rare malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the fat cells surrounding the kidney, usually of the well-differentiated or myxoid type. It may be associated with tuberous sclerosis.


gastric liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the stomach.


breast liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the breast.


mixed liposarcoma

description: A malignant neoplasm characterized by the presence of a combination of liposarcomatous morphologic subtypes: myxoid/round cell and well differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma or myxoid/round cell and pleomorphic liposarcoma.


sclerosing liposarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of well differentiated liposarcoma occurring most often in the retroperitoneum and paratesticular area. It is characterized by the presence of bizarre hyperchromatic stromal cells and rare multivacuolated lipoblasts within a fibrous stroma.


spindle cell liposarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of well differentiated liposarcoma characterized by the presence of bland spindle cells and lipoblasts within a myxoid or fibrous stroma.


median nerve neuropathy

description: Disease involving the median nerve, from its origin at the brachial plexus to its termination in the hand. Clinical features include weakness of wrist and finger flexion, forearm pronation, thenar abduction, and loss of sensation over the lateral palm, first three fingers, and radial half of the ring finger. Common sites of injury include the elbow, where the nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle (pronator syndrome) and in the carpal tunnel (carpal tunnel syndrome).


vulvar liposarcoma

description: A rare malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the vulva.


cutaneous liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the skin.


mediastinum liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum.


intracranial liposarcoma

description: A malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of the intracranial region.


name: non-functioning pituitary gland neoplasm

description: A hormone producing or non-producing pituitary gland adenoma or carcinoma, not associated with a hormonal syndrome.


functioning pituitary gland neoplasm

description: A hormone producing pituitary gland tumor, associated with a hormonal syndrome.


adrenal medulla cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the adrenal medulla


neuritis of upper limb

description: A neuritis that involves the forelimb.


optic atrophy

description: A disorder characterized by loss of optic nerve fibers. It may be inherited or acquired. Acquired causes include ischemia, optic nerve neuropathy, glaucoma, trauma, radiation, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. It leads to vision disturbances.


seminal vesicle cystadenoma

description: A rare benign cystadenoma that arises from the seminal vesicle.


rete ovarii cystadenoma

description: An exceptionally rare cystadenoma that arises from the rete ovarii.


name: uterine ligament papillary cystadenoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease

description: A benign mesonephric neoplasm that arises from the uterine ligament and occurs in women with von Hippel-Lindau disease. It is a cystic lesion characterized by the presence of multiple papillary excrescences.


uterine ligament cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the uterine ligament.


intravenous leiomyomatosis

description: A rare benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of smooth muscle cells growing within veins.


nerve compression syndrome

description: Any nerve disorder caused by the entrapment and compression of a nerve.


salpingitis isthmica nodosa

description: Formation of nodules in the isthmus of the fallopian tube due to fallopian tube diverticulosis. It may cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy.


chronic salpingitis

description: Chronic inflammation of the fallopian tube. It usually follows an acute inflammatory attack.


pyosalpinx

description: The presence of pus in the fallopian tube. It is usually caused by acute salpingitis. The fallopian tube is distended and filled with pus. Histologic examination reveals edema and acute and chronic inflammation. Symptoms include fever, vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain.


salpingitis

description: Acute or chronic inflammation of the fallopian tube. It is most often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections. The infections usually originate in the vagina and ascend to the fallopian tube. Symptoms include abdominal, pelvic, and lower back pain, pain during ovulation and sexual intercourse, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Complications include infertility and ectopic pregnancy.


peripheral nervous system disorder

description: A disease involving the peripheral nervous system.


name: small intestinal vasoactive intestinal peptide producing tumor

description: A neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the small intestine and produces vasoactive intestinal peptide.


name: pancreatic vasoactive intestinal peptide producing tumor

description: A usually malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor producing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). It may or may not be associated with inappropriate secretion of VIP and an associated clinical syndrome.


acinic cell breast carcinoma

description: A breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of serous (acinic cell) differentiation.


uterine ligament serous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament.


rheumatic pulmonary valve disease

description: A rheumatologic disorder that involves the pulmonary valve.


pulmonary valve disorder

description: A disease involving the pulmonary valve.


pancreatic serous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A metastasizing, slow-growing malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the exocrine pancreas. It is characterized by the presence of cysts and is composed of glycogen-rich malignant epithelial cells which produce a watery fluid. Signs and symptoms include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, weight loss, jaundice, and abdominal pain.


cervical serous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma that arises from the cervix. It is characterized by the presence of papillary patterns and cellular budding. Psammoma bodies are often seen.


endocervicitis

description: Inflammation of the endocervix.


malignant mesenchymoma

description: A term describing a malignant soft tissue tumor which consists of two or more mesenchymal lines of differentiation, excluding a fibroblastic line of differentiation.


proteinuria

description: The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in the urine.


sebaceous breast carcinoma

description: A very rare breast adenocarcinoma with sebaceous differentiation.


vulvar sebaceous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the vulva. It is characterized by the presence of malignant basaloid glandular epithelial cells that resemble sebaceous epithelium and are arranged in cords and nests.


clear cell-sugar-tumor of the lung

description: A rare benign lung tumor with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation. It is composed of round or oval cells with abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. The vast majority of patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are discovered incidentally. Excision is curative.


lung meningioma

description: A primary or metastatic meningioma that is present in the lung. The lung is the most frequent site of metastasis of meningiomas.


lung hilum neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the hilar region of the lung.


verruciform xanthoma of skin

description: A rare, benign wart-like skin lesion of unknown etiology that is usually found in the genital or perianal area and consists of hyperkeratosis and aggregates of foam cell macrophages.


name: central nervous system hematopoietic neoplasm

description: A primary or metastatic neoplasm of hematopoietic origin that affects the brain, meninges, or spinal cord. Representative examples include Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, histiocytic tumors, and leukemias.


giant hemangioma

description: A cavernous hemangioma characterized by the presence of hylanized vascular channels and is often associated with the presence of calcifications, fibrosis, and hemorrhage.


cavernous hemangioma of colon

description: A cavernous hemangioma arising from the colon.


cavernous hemangioma of face

description: A cavernous hemangioma arising from the face.


rectum neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the rectum. It includes well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


tympanic membrane disorder

description: A disease involving the tympanic membrane.


esophageal neuroendocrine tumor

description: A well differentiated, low or intermediate grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the esophagus.


mixed hepatoblastoma

description: A hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of fetal and embryonal epithelial components and a mesenchymal component.


macrotrabecular hepatoblastoma

description: A pure fetal or fetal and embryonal epithelial hepatoblastoma characterized by the presence of broad trabeculae.


acute urate nephropathy

description: Urolithiasis in which the composition of the stones is predominantly urate.


childhood parosteal osteosarcoma

description: A low grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from the surface of the bone. It occurs in childhood and usually affects the distal posterior femur, the proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. Painless swelling is the usual clinical sign. The prognosis is usually excellent.


cerebral lymphoma

description: A non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the cerebral hemispheres as a primary lesion.


hemoglobinuria

description: A laboratory test result which indicates free hemoglobin in the urine.


name: B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma

description: A group of lymphomas displaying molecular, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical overlap between classical Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This term particularly applies to mediastinal lymphomas with overlapping features of mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma.


pediatric lymphoma

description: A Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs during childhood.


adult lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that occurs in an adult.


breast lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that arises from the breast. There is no history of extramammary breast lymphoma and ipsilateral axillary lymph node involvement does not exclude the diagnosis of primary breast lymphoma. Most patients present with a painless breast lump. The vast majority of cases are B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue are the most common types of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is rare.


name: uterine ligament endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A rare endometrioid adenocarcinoma that arises from the uterine ligament. Some of the reported cases were associated with endometriosis.


hemolytic anemia

description: Anemia resulting from the premature destruction of the peripheral blood red cells. It may be congenital or it may be caused by infections, medications, or malignancies.


cervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A cervical adenocarcinoma with the histologic characteristics of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.


name: fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma that arises from the fallopian tube and resembles the endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. It usually has a favorable prognosis.


testicular seminoma

description: A malignant germ cell tumor arising from the testis. It is believed that it is derived from the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. Treatment with radiotherapy is highly successful when the tumor is diagnosed in localized stages, which represents the majority of presentations of seminoma.


posteroinferior myocardial infarction

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an injury in leads corresponding to the anatomic region of the posteroinferior wall of the heart.


septal myocardial infarction

description: A myocardial infarction (disease) that involves the cardiac septum.


apical myocardial infarction

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an injury in leads corresponding to the anatomic region of the apex of the heart.


subendocardial myocardial infarction

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an injury in leads corresponding to the anatomic region of the subendocardial layer of the wall of the heart.


posterolateral myocardial infarction

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an injury in leads corresponding to the anatomic region of the posterolateral wall of the heart.


inferolateral myocardial infarct

description: An electrocardiographic finding of an injury in leads corresponding to the anatomic region of the inferolateral wall of the heart.


silent myocardial infarction

description: A history of myocardial infarction in the absence of clinical symptoms and positive electrocardiographic findings.


periosteal chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma arising from the surface of bone. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, high mitotic activity, myxoid stroma formation, and necrotic changes. It occurs in adults. Clinical presentation includes pain, and sometimes swelling.


myxoid chondrosarcoma

description: A chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of myxoid changes.


localized chondrosarcoma

description: A non-disseminated skeletal or extraskeletal chondrosarcoma.


clear cell chondrosarcoma

description: A rare, usually low grade chondrosarcoma characterized by the presence of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm. It usually arises in the epiphyseal ends of long bones.


retroperitoneal germ cell neoplasm

description: A germ cell tumor that involves the retroperitoneal space.


apocrine sweat gland neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant sweat gland neoplasm with apocrine differentiation. Representative examples include apocrine adenoma, ceruminous adenocarcinoma, and apocrine breast carcinoma.


endocardium cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the endocardium.


name: well differentiated papillary mesothelioma

description: A localized or multifocal mesothelioma arising from the peritoneum and less often the pleura. Cases arising from the peritoneum predominantly occur in women. It is characterized by the formation of papillae, covered by a single layer of blunt mesothelial cells. Mitotic figures are not present. There is no evidence of severe cytologic atypia. It has a relatively favorable clinical outcome, compared to malignant mesothelioma.


familial hemolytic anemia

description: A congenital hemolytic anemia caused by defects of the erythrocyte membrane, enzyme deficiencies, or hemoglobinopathies.


adult anaplastic ependymoma

description: An anaplastic ependymoma occurring in adults.


childhood malignant mesenchymoma

description: A malignant mesenchymoma occurring in children.


adult malignant mesenchymoma

description: A malignant mesenchymoma occurring in adults.


clear cell cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of cystic glandular and fibrous tissues and clear cells.


ovarian clear cell cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium characterized by the presence of clear or hobnail cells within a dense fibrous stroma and cystic structures.


ovarian clear cell adenofibroma

description: An uncommon benign neoplasm of glandular epithelium characterized by the presence of clear or hobnail cells within a dense fibrous stroma.


name: non-invasive verrucous carcinoma of the penis


penis verrucous carcinoma

description: A slow growing, locally recurring, very well differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the penis. It is characterized by the presence of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. The neoplastic infiltrate extends into the underlying stroma with a pushing border. Koilocytotic atypia is not present.


phobic disorder

description: An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation. The individual seeks to avoid the object, activity, or situation. In adults, the individual recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable.


brachial plexus neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the brachial nerve plexus.


name: thyroid gland diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland that more often affects young patients and commonly metastasizing to the lungs. It is characterized by a diffuse infiltration of the thyroid gland by malignant follicular cells, squamous metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration.


uterus intravascular leiomyomatosis

description: A rare benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of smooth muscle cells growing within the veins of the uterine corpus. The intravascular neoplasm growth occurs outside the confines of an adjacent leiomyoma.


uterine corpus diffuse leiomyomatosis

description: An unusual condition characterized by the presence of numerous small benign smooth muscle neoplasms located throughout the body of the uterus.


adult brainstem mixed glioma

description: A mixed glioma of the brain stem that occurs during adulthood.


adult brainstem astrocytoma

description: An astrocytoma of the brain stem that occurs during adulthood.


distal biliary tract carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the common bile duct distal to the insertion of the cystic duct.


name: extrahepatic bile duct small cell adenocarcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the extrahepatic bile ducts. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


agoraphobia

description: An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of venturing out into open places or situations in which help (or escape) might not be available should excessive anxiety or panic symptoms develop.


ovarian mixed germ cell neoplasm

description: An ovarian malignant germ cell tumor characterized by the presence of at least two different germ cell components. At least one of the germ cell components is primitive. The most common combination of germ cell elements is dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumor.


angiokeratoma of mibelli

description: A type of angiokeratoma that typically presents in women on the dorsa of fingers and toes and multiple dark red papules with a slightly verrucous surface, each measuring about 3-5 mm in diameter.


bladder urachal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A rare variant of bladder urachal carcinoma with squamous cell features.


bladder urachal carcinoma

description: Urachal cancer is a type of bladder cancer, making up less than 1% of all bladder cancers. The urachus is a structure normally only present during development in the womb that connects the bellybutton and the bladder. This connection normally disappears before birth, but in some people remains. Urachalcancers are usually diagnosed in adults in their 50's and 60's and may develop at the dome or anterior wall of the bladder, along the midline of the body (including the belly button), and between the pubis symphasis and the bladder.Most urachal cancersare adenocarcinomas (cancers that develop from gland cells).Others may besarcomas (which develop from connective tissue -such as leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma), small cell carcinomas, transitional cell cancer, and mixed neoplasias. Most individuals with urachal cancer have symptoms of with hematuria (blood in urine). Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, a palpable abdominal mass, mucinuria, and bacteriuria. Treatment usually involved surgery to remove the cancer.


name: renal pelvis papillary urothelial carcinoma

description: A papillary transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the renal pelvis.


renal pelvis papillary tumor

description: A papillary tumor originating in the renal pelvis.


occlusion precerebral artery

description: Evidence of occlusion and stenosis of unspecified precerebral artery.


renal pelvis neoplasm

description: A neoplasm (disease) that involves the renal pelvis.


kidney fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the kidney. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


kidney osteogenic sarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the kidney.


internal auditory canal meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the internal auditory canal.


blunt duct adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of ducts with distended lumen and columnar cell metaplasia.


name: non-proliferative fibrocystic change of the breast

description: Breast fibrocystic change characterized by the absence of epithelial cell hyperplasia.


breast adenosis

description: A non-neoplastic disorder characterized by epithelial and/or myoepithelial tissue growth in the breast lobules. It may be associated with apocrine changes or sclerosis.


apocrine adenosis of breast

description: Breast adenosis characterized by the presence of extensive apocrine metaplasia.


animal phobia

description: An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of animals.


breast fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


aleukemic leukemia cutis

description: Infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue by leukemic cells without evidence of leukemia in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It results in clinically identifiable skin lesions. It may be the first manifestation of acute leukemia, preceding the involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood by the leukemic process.


aleukemic leukemia

description: A leukemia characterized by the absence of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood.


adult central nervous system teratoma

description: A mature or immature teratoma affecting the central nervous system and occurring in adults.


name: adult central nervous system mature teratoma

description: A central nervous system mature teratoma that occurs in an adult.


central nervous system mature teratoma

description: A teratoma composed exclusively of fully differentiated, 'adult-type' tissue elements that are sometimes arranged in a pattern resembling normal tissue relationships. Mitotic activity is low or absent. The more common ectodermal components present in a mature teratoma include skin, brain and choroid plexus. The more common mesodermal components include cartilage, bone, fat and muscle (both smooth and striated). And the most common endodermal components are cysts lined by epithelia of respiratory or enteric type and in some cases pancreatic or hepatic tissue. (Adapted from WHO)


name: adult central nervous system immature teratoma


name: central nervous system immature teratoma

description: A variant of teratoma composed of incompletely differentiated components resembling fetal tissues. Even if the immature component is only a minor element of an otherwise differentiated teratoma, the tumor is still classified as immature. (Adapted from WHO)


cancerophobia

description: An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of being diagnosed with cancer.


malignant testicular Leydig cell tumor

description: A Leydig cell tumor characterized by a large size, cellular atypia, high mitotic activity, vascular invasion and necrotic changes. The prognosis is usually poor.


selective IgE deficiency disease

description: A rare dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of immunoglobulin class E (IgE). It is an uncommon primary antibody deficiency. It is most likely an inherited immunodeficiency. It may be caused by decreased or inefficient class-switching from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. Most affected persons appear asymptomatic but may show a predisposition to autoimmune and respiratory diseases.


name: selective immunoglobulin deficiency disease

description: A broad classification of dysgammaglobulinemias characterized by low or undetectable serum levels of one of the five immunoglobulin classes. Deficiencies of immunoglobulins present variably according to isotype. Selective deficiencies may be caused by decreased or inefficient production from progenitor B cells without any corresponding decreases in the other isotypes. The clinical course and prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the selective deficiency and associated morbidity.


AIDS phobia

description: An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of contracting Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.


name: juvenile type testicular granulosa cell tumor

description: A rare sex cord-stromal tumor that arises from the testis. It is the most frequent congenital testicular neoplasm and is usually diagnosed during the perinatal period. It usually presents as an asymptomatic scrotal or abdominal mass. Morphologically it is characterized by the presence of cysts that are lined by cells resembling granulosa and theca cells.


heart fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the heart. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


heart malignant hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the heart.


spindle cell intraocular melanoma

description: A melanoma arising from the choroid, ciliary body, or the iris. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped melanocytes.


choroid spindle cell melanoma

description: A spindle cell melanoma that involves the optic choroid.


ciliary body spindle cell melanoma

description: A spindle cell melanoma that involves the ciliary body.


telangiectatic glomangioma

description: A glomus tumor characterized by huge vascular channel formations.


flying phobia

description: An overwhelming, irrational, and persistent fear of traveling in an aircraft.


esophageal disorder

description: A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the esophagus. Representative examples of non-neoplastic disorders include esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. Representative examples of neoplastic disorders include carcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas.


name: childhood central nervous system germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor of the central nervous system occurring in children.


childhood germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that occurs during childhood.


frontal sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the frontal sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


nasal vestibule squamous papilloma

description: A benign exophytic squamous cell neoplasm with papillary growth that arises from the nasal vestibule.


Brown-Sequard syndrome

description: Brown-Sequard syndrome is a rare neurological condition that results from an injury or damage to one side of the spinal cord. This condition results in weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparaplegia) and a loss of sensation on the opposite side (hemianesthesia). Brown-Sequard syndrome most commonly occurs in the the thoracic spine (upper and middle back). There are several causes of Brown-Sequard syndrome, including: a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a puncture wound to the neck or back), infectious or inflammatory diseases (tuberculosis or multiple sclerosis), and disk herniation. Treatment for this condition varies depending on the underlying cause.


name: urinary tract non-invasive transitional cell neoplasm

description: A non-invasive neoplasm affecting the urothelium.


ovarian mucinous neoplasm

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelial cells that contain intracytoplasmic mucin and may resemble the epithelial cells of the endocervix or gastrointestinal tract.


paraplegia

description: Complete paralysis of the lower half of the body including both legs, often caused by damage to the spinal cord.


childhood testicular germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the testis during childhood.


childhood ovarian yolk sac tumor

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


pediatric ovarian germ cell tumor

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes.


malignant leptomeningeal tumor

description: A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the leptomeninges.


acute stress disorder

description: An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by dissociative symptoms; vivid recollections of the traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event; and a constant state of hyperarousal for no more than one month.


pediatric leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in childhood.


adult leptomeningeal melanoma

description: A melanoma that arises from leptomeningeal melanocytes and occurs in adulthood.


thalamic cancer

description: A cancer involving a dorsal plus ventral thalamus.


mitral valve disorder

description: A disease involving the mitral valve.


name: signet ring cell variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A rare cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of signet ring cells.


herpetic gastritis

description: Gastritis resulting from herpes virus.


name: thoracic spinal canal and spinal cord meningioma

description: A meningioma that arises from the meninges of the thoracic region of the spinal cord.


jugular foramen meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the jugular foramen.


cerebral meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the cerebral hemispheres.


intracerebral cystic meningioma

description: A cystic meningioma that grows within the cerebral hemispheres.


cerebral convexity meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the cerebral sulcus.


lateral ventricle meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the lateral ventricle of the brain.


renal pelvis inverted papilloma

description: A neoplasm of the renal pelvis in which the epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue.


renal pelvis urothelial papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm of the renal pelvis that involves the transitional epithelium projecting above the surrounding epithelial surface and consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma.


inborn error of immunity

description: A disorder in which the immune system is unable to mount an adequate immune response.


T-cell immunodeficiency

description: A broad classification of disorders that affect the cell-mediated aspect of the immune response. Circulating numbers of T lymphocytes are decreased or ineffective.


bronchitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the bronchi.


name: uterine corpus epithelioid leiomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma arising from the uterine corpus. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid round cells with eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm.


lymphopenia

description: Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.


nasal cavity carcinoma in situ

description: A in situ carcinoma that involves the nasal cavity.


leukopenia

description: A laboratory test result indicating a decreased number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood.


childhood testicular choriocarcinoma

description: A choriocarcinoma that arises from the testis during childhood.


name: childhood testicular mixed germ cell cancer

description: A malignant mixed germ cell neoplasm that arises from the testis during childhood.


childhood embryonal testis carcinoma

description: An embryonal carcinoma that arises from the testis during childhood.


name: hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma

description: A familial carcinoma inherited in an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by the development of multiple, bilateral papillary renal cell carcinomas. The carcinomas range from microscopic lesions to clinically symptomatic tumors. It is associated with activating mutations of the MET oncogene.


prostatic urethra urothelial carcinoma

description: An urothelial carcinoma that arises from the urothelial lining of the prostatic urethra.


prostatic urethral cancer

description: A male urethral cancer that involves the prostatic urethra.


ovarian carcinosarcoma

description: A highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the ovary. Morphologically, it is a high grade tumor, composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.


ovarian small cell carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of small malignant cells. It includes small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type and small cell carcinoma, pulmonary type.


rectum Kaposi sarcoma

description: A Kaposi sarcoma arising from the rectum.


conjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye.


description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma characterized by the presence of necrotic changes and in some cases high mitotic activity.


corneal intraepithelial neoplasm

description: A squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia that involves the cornea.


cornea cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the cornea.


aortic valve disorder

description: A disease involving the aortic valve.


malignant pericardial mesothelioma

description: A rare neoplasm of mesothelial origin that arises from the pericardium.


thyroid hyalinizing trabecular adenoma

description: A rare, circumscribed or encapsulated tumor arising from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is characterized by a trabecular growth pattern and hyalinized stroma formation. The vast majority of cases have a benign clinical course.


mediastinal extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the mediastinum.


description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the mediastinum.


name: bladder diffuse clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A rare morphologic variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant glandular epithelial cells and clear cells forming a diffuse pattern.


ovarian seromucinous tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant mixed epithelial tumor of the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of more than one epithelial cell type, most often serous and endocervical-type mucinous.


ovarian endometrial cancer

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor of the ovary characterized by the presence of glands and/or cysts lined by neoplastic cells that resemble endometrial cells.


ovarian papillary tumor

description: A benign, borderline, or malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations. Representative examples include surface papilloma, borderline serous surface papillary tumor, and serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma.


articular cartilage disorder

description: A disease involving the articular cartilage of joint.


childhood mature teratoma of the ovary

description: A mature teratoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


childhood teratoma of the ovary

description: A mature or immature teratoma that arises from the ovary and occurs in children.


mature ovarian teratoma

description: An ovarian teratoma which may be cystic, composed entirely of well differentiated, adult-type tissues, without evidence of fetal-type tissues.


ovarian biphasic or triphasic teratoma

description: A germ cell tumor that arises from the ovary and is composed of tissues that originate from two or three of the following germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm.


name: non-invasive bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm

description: A papillary neoplasm of the urinary bladder in which the transitional cells form papillae. The papillary structures exhibit minimal architectural distortion and minimal atypia. Mitoses are infrequent. Patients are at an increased risk of developing new papillary lesions. Occasionally, the new lesions are urothelial carcinomas.


hereditary kidney oncocytoma

description: An inherited condition characterized by the development of kidney oncocytomas which are often bilateral and multifocal. This condition may be connected to Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.


kidney oncocytoma

description: A benign tumor of the kidney, characterized by the presence of large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. The majority of these tumors are discovered incidentally, during work-up of other conditions.


mediastinum seminoma

description: An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. It is characterized by the presence of uniform cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus with one or more nucleoli, and distinct cellular borders. It usually arises from the anterior mediastinum. It may present with respiratory distress, chest pain, or superior vena cava syndrome or it may be asymptomatic, with the tumor detected on routine chest x-ray. The prognosis of mediastinal pure seminomas is favorable compared to the mediastinal non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumors.


transient hypogammaglobulinemia

description: A broad classification for humoral immunodeficiencies. These disorders may be caused by inadequate activation of progenitor B cells, defective class-switching or the effects of medications. Despite the potential for increased susceptibility to infection, these disorders are self-limited with eventual normalization of serum antibody levels.


name: growth hormone-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces growth hormone. It may be associated with acromegaly.


chromophil adenoma of the kidney

description: A controversial term, used for renal papillary lesions which measure 1cm or less in diameter and contain small, regular nuclei.


type 1 papillary adenoma of the kidney

description: A renal papillary adenoma which is characterized by basophilic cells with scant amount of cytoplasm.


type 2 papillary adenoma of the kidney

description: A renal papillary adenoma which is characterized by eosinophilic cells.


complement deficiency

description: A genetic deficiency of any of the component of the complement system (including the classical, alternative, and terminal pathway components), that can either be acquired or inherited.


gastric cardia carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the cardia of stomach.


gastric cardia adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the cardia of stomach.


name: malignant thyroid stimulating hormone producing neoplasm of pituitary gland

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces thyrotropin.


TSH producing pituitary tumor

description: An adenoma or carcinoma of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that produces thyrotropin.


ovarian mucinous adenocarcinofibroma

description: A malignant neoplasm of the ovary with an invasive epithelial component and a fibrotic stroma. The epithelial component is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with intracytoplasmic mucin. Cystic spaces are also present which contain mucoid material.


epicardium lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the epicardium of the heart.


heart lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the heart usually originating in the epicardial or pericardial fatty tissue.


name: childhood cerebellar astrocytic neoplasm

description: Benign and malignant astrocytomas that arise from astrocytes in the cerebellum. More than 80% of childhood cerebellar astrocytomas are pilocytic astrocytomas which have a favorable prognosis. The remainder are composed of diffuse or fibrillary subtypes with malignant astrocytomas occurring only rarely in the cerebellum during childhood.


cerebral hemisphere lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm within the cerebral hemisphere often associated with partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum.


central nervous system lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the central nervous system frequently found in midline locations such as the corpus callosum, the quadrigeminal plate, the hypothalamus, the spinal canal or the cauda equina. Some contain Schwann cells, bone, cartilage or hamartomatous blood vessels.


corpus callosum lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the corpus callosum.


viral esophagitis

description: Viral infection of the esophagus. It often occurs in immunocompromised patients and it is caused by cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus. Symptoms include pain on swallowing, fever, and retrosternal burning.


hereditary disease

description: A disease that is caused by genetic modifications where those modifications are inherited from a parent's genome.


ectopic thymus

description: A condition in which the thymus gland is abnomally located; this can be secondary to failure of descent during fetal development, or failure of involution.


clivus chordoma

description: A slow-growing malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord and occurring in the clivus. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, and the presence of physaliphorous cells.


clivus chondroid chordoma

description: A slow-growing malignant bone tumor arising from the remnants of the notochord and occurring in the clivus. It is characterized by a lobulated growth pattern, myxoid stroma formation, the presence of physaliphorous cells and cartilage.


ovarian fetiform teratoma

description: A rare type of teratoma that arises from the ovary and resembles a malformed fetus.


ovarian solid teratoma

description: A mature teratoma that arises from the ovary and presents as a large solid mass. It contains multiple cysts that vary in size. Small foci of hemorrhage are also present.


Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the major vestibular gland.


adult malignant hemangiopericytoma

description: A malignant hemangiopericytoma occurring in the adult population.


name: adult intracranial malignant hemangiopericytoma

description: A solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma, grade 3 that arises from the brain and occurs in the adult population.


anterior optic tract meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the anterior visual pathway.


bilateral meningioma of optic nerve

description: Meningiomas that affects both optic nerves.


cerebellopontine angle meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the cerebellopontine angle.


vulvar eccrine adenocarcinoma

description: An eccrine adenocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


name: melanotic psammomatous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

description: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor characterized by the presence of malignant cells that contain melanin and formation of psammoma bodies.


name: malignant melanocytic neoplasm of the peripheral nerve sheath

description: A rare variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. It is characterized by the presence of malignant cells that contain melanin.


name: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

description: An indolent, mature B-cell neoplasm composed of small, round B-lymphocytes. When the bone marrow and peripheral blood are involved, the term chronic lymphocytic leukemia is used. The term small lymphocytic lymphoma is restricted to cases which do not show leukemic involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood.


acral lentiginous melanoma

description: A form of melanoma occurring most often on the plantar, palmar, subungual, and periungual skin. It presents as a pigmented macular lesion with irregular borders. Morphologically, it consists of atypical spindled and dendritic melanocytes. The epidermis is often hyperplastic and there is pagetoid infiltration of the epidermis by anaplastic cells.


liver extraskeletal osteosarcoma

description: An osteosarcoma arising from the liver.


diffuse meningeal melanocytosis

description: A diffuse or multifocal proliferation of uniform nevoid polygonal cells in the leptomeninges. Cells may spread into the Virchow-Robin spaces without frank invasion of the brain. Diffuse melanocytosis carries a poor prognosis even in the absence of histologic malignancy. (WHO)


anterior foramen magnum meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the anterior foramen magnum.


childhood brain stem glioma

description: An abnormal growth of the cells that comprise the tissues of the brainstem. While the tumor may be histologically benign, it can produce great morbidity due to its location. It presents most commonly in the first two decades of life.


childhood brainstem astrocytoma

description: An astrocytoma that arises from the brain stem and occurs during childhood.


ovarian papillary cystadenoma

description: A serous cystadenoma of the ovary characterized by the presence of small papillary projections in the inner surface of the cysts.


ovarian surface papilloma

description: A benign serous neoplasm characterized by the presence of papillary proliferations on the surface of the ovary.


name: ovarian serous surface papillary adenocarcinoma

description: A serous adenocarcinoma that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of a papillary architectural pattern.


name: childhood central nervous system mature teratoma

description: A mature teratoma that arises from the central nervous system during childhood.


eyelid carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the eyelid.


malignant choroid melanoma

description: A uveal melanoma that arises from the choroid. It is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor. It usually affects Caucasians of northern European descent. It usually remains asymptomatic for a long period. When signs and symptoms occur, they include blurred vision, visual field loss, floaters, and ocular pain. Tumor size is the most important factor that relates to prognosis.


description: A malignant neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of malignant glandular cells resembling endometrial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


ceruminous carcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma derived from ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal.


vulvar apocrine adenocarcinoma

description: An apocrine adenocarcinoma that arises from the sweat glands in the vulva.


central nervous system fibrosarcoma

description: A usually aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and collagenous stroma formation in a herringbone growth pattern.


lipoma of the rectum

description: A benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the rectum.


colorectal lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm arising from the wall of the colon and rectum.


mucinous cystadenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of cystic structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


ovarian mucinous adenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm of the ovary characterized by the presence of glands with mucinous columnar epithelial cells in a fibrotic stroma.


name: childhood testicular mixed embryonal carcinoma and teratoma

description: A malignant testicular mixed germ cell neoplasm that occurs during childhood. It is characterized by the presence of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma components.


name: infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma, clear cell variant

description: An invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder characterized by the presence of clear cells.


name: infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: An invasive transitional cell carcinoma that arises from the urinary bladder urothelium.


bladder signet ring cell adenocarcinoma

description: A signet ring cell carcinoma that involves the urinary bladder.


acinar lung adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of acinar structures composed of columnar or cuboidal cells. (NCI05)


rete testis adenoma

description: A benign epithelial neoplasm arising from the rete testis.


mediastinal melanocytic neurilemmoma

description: A melanotic schwannoma that affects the mediastinum.


periosteal osteogenic sarcoma

description: An intermediate grade malignant bone-forming mesenchymal neoplasm with chondroblastic differentiation. It arises from the surface of the bone and affects the diaphysis or diaphyseal- metaphyseal portion of the long bones. A painless mass or swelling is the most common clinical sign. It is associated with a better prognosis than conventional osteosarcoma.


breast capillary hemangioma

description: A capillary hemangioma arising from the breast.


breast epithelioid hemangioma

description: A hemangioma characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells, arising from the breast.


pediatric myxoid chondrosarcoma

description: A myxoid chondrosarcoma occurring in children.


adult myxoid chondrosarcoma

description: A myxoid chondrosarcoma occurring in adults.


connective tissue disorder

description: A disease involving the connective tissue.


cerebellar hemangioblastoma

description: A histologically benign tumor, usually cystic with a vascular mural nodule, that is most often found in the cerebellum though it has been reported at other sites within the neuraxis. It is associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL gene located on chr 3p25-26).


brain stem hemangioblastoma

description: A hemangioblastoma that involves the brainstem.


benign vaginal mixed tumor

description: A non-metastasizing, well circumscribed neoplasm that arises from the vagina and is characterized by the presence of a predominant benign mesenchymal component and benign glandular or squamous epithelial cells.


lung occult squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell lung carcinoma detectable by sputum cytology only. The primary tumor is undetectable radiographically or during bronchoscopy; therefore, it can not be assessed.


name: ovarian yolk sac tumor, glandular pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of extensive differentiation into endodermal type glandular structures.


name: ovarian yolk sac tumor, hepatoid pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of extensive differentiation into hepatic tissue.


name: ovarian yolk sac tumor, polyvesicular vitelline pattern

description: A yolk sac tumor that arises from the ovary and is characterized by the presence of multiple dilated spaces lined by cells that resemble mesothelial cells. The dilated spaces coexist with columnar epithelial tissues.


clivus meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the clivus.


Bartholin gland adenomyoma

description: A rare, benign neoplasm that arises from the Bartholin gland and is characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular stroma and glands lined by mucin-secreting epithelial cells, arranged in a lobular architecture.


mixed cell uveal melanoma

description: A melanoma arising from the choroid, ciliary body, or the iris. It is characterized by the presence of a mixture of spindle A melanoma cells, spindle B melanoma cells, and epithelioid melanoma cells.


ciliary body mixed cell melanoma

description: A mixed cell uveal melanoma that involves the ciliary body.


malignant ciliary body melanoma

description: A rare uveal melanoma that arises from the ciliary body. Patients may present with blurred vision, visual field loss, floaters, and ocular pain. The prognosis is usually poor.


choroid mixed cell melanoma

description: A mixed cell uveal melanoma that involves the optic choroid.


cortical thymoma

description: A thymic epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic large, polygonal epithelial cells with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The neoplastic cells are arranged around perivascular spaces and along septa. Immature T-lymphocytes are also present. It may be associated with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. It is a tumor of moderate malignancy. The majority of cases occur in the anterior mediastinum as Masaoka stage I, stage II, or stage III tumors. Metastatic, stage IV tumors occur less frequently.


overnutrition

description: An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of nutrients. Generally, overnutrition generates an energy imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure leading to disorders such as obesity.


heart lymphoma

description: An extranodal lymphoma that arises from the heart and/or the pericardium. The majority of the cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Patients may present with chest pain, heart failure, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, or syncope.


angiomatous meningioma

description: A WHO grade I meningioma characterized by the presence of small and medium sized vessels that predominate over the meningioma cells.


posterior foramen magnum meningioma

description: A meningioma that affects the posterior foramen magnum.


name: ovarian clear cell malignant adenofibroma

description: A carcinoma arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm in a fibrotic stroma.


ethmoid sinus Schneiderian papilloma

description: A papilloma that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the ethmoid sinus. It is classified as inverted papilloma and oncocytic papilloma.


adrenal cortex adenoma

description: A benign neoplasm that can arise from any of the adrenal cortical layers. It can be associated with the overproduction of glucocorticoids (Cushing's syndrome), androgenic or estrogenic steroids (adrenogenital syndrome), or mineralocorticoids (Conn's syndrome). (Sternberg Diagnostic Surgical Pathology, 3rd ed.)


ethmoid sinus inverted papilloma

description: A benign neoplasm that arises from the ciliated respiratory mucosa that lines the ethmoid sinus. It results from the invagination and proliferation of epithelial cells in the underlying stroma.


neurilemmoma of the pleura

description: A schwannoma that involves the pleura.


uterine corpus myxoid leiomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of leiomyosarcoma arising from the uterus corpus. It is characterized by the presence of cellular pleomorphism, malignant cells with large nuclei, and a myxoid stroma.


vestibular micropapillomatosis

description: A benign neoplastic process characterized by the presence of multiple vestibular papillomas in the vulva.


name: non-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma

description: Stage 0 includes: 0a (Ta, N0, M0); 0is (Tis, N0, M0). Ta: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma. Tis: Carcinoma in situ: "flat tumor". N0: No regional lymph node metastasis. M0: No distant metastasis. (AJCC 6th and 7th eds.)


childhood optic tract astrocytoma

description: An astrocytoma that arises from the visual pathway and occurs during childhood.


childhood optic nerve glioma

description: A glioma affecting the optic tract and occurring in childhood.


chest wall bone cancer

description: An uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from the chest wall bones. Representative examples include chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor.


breast apocrine carcinoma

description: An adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of two intermingled cellular components: cells with abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and cells with abundant cytoplasm containing fine empty vacuoles.


oncocytic breast carcinoma

description: A rare breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of neoplastic oncocytic cells. The oncocytic cells comprise more than 70 percent of the malignant cellular population.


invasive tubular breast carcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast with a favorable prognosis. It is composed of tubular structures lined by a single layer of epithelium.


spondylitis

description: The inflammation of a vertebra.


bladder colonic type adenocarcinoma

description: A rare adenocarcinoma that arises in the bladder. It is characterized by intestinal type glands and resembles colonic adenocarcinoma.


muscle tissue disorder

description: A disease involving the muscle tissue.


Kummell disease

description: A disease that presents as vertebral osteonecrosis typically affecting a thoracic vertebra with compression deformity, intravertebral vacuum cleft, and exaggerated kyphosis weeks to months after a minor traumatic injury.


name: classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of large pale cells with thickened cell membranes.


name: eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

description: A variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in which more than 80% of the malignant cells have granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm.


central nervous system hibernoma

description: A rare benign slow growing adipose tumor, characterized by the presence of polygonal brown fat cells with abundant cytoplasm, that arises within the nervous system.


endobronchial leiomyoma

description: A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising endobronchially. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


bone epithelioid hemangioma

description: A locally aggressive hemangioma that arises from the bone. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid endothelial cells.


vaginal villous adenoma

description: An adenoma that arises from the vagina and is characterized by a villous architectural pattern.


hyper-IgM syndrome

description: A primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by defective CD40 signaling; via B cells affecting class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation.


cerebral hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the cerebral hemisphere.


nipple carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the nipple


scrotal hemangioma

description: A hemangioma arising from the skin of the scrotum.


name: adult central nervous system choriocarcinoma

description: A choriocarcinoma of the central nervous system that occurs in an adult.


pediatric CNS choriocarcinoma

description: A choriocarcinoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


angiokeratoma of Fordyce

description: An angiokeratoma that is located on the scrotum or vulva.


juvenile breast papillomatosis

description: A benign, usually solitary, well circumscribed multicystic neoplasm that arises from the breast and typically affects young females. The cysts are lined by papillary proliferations that contain epithelial and myoepithelial layers. In a minority of cases, atypia may be present.


adult pineoblastoma

description: A pineoblastoma occurring in adults.


name: childhood central nervous system immature teratoma

description: An immature teratoma that arises from the central nervous system and occurs during childhood.


name: breast large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of large neuroendocrine cells and high mitotic activity.


name: pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: A large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma that involves the lung(s).


Froelich syndrome

description: Froelich syndrome is characterized by obesity and hypogonadism due to a hypothalamic-pituitary disorder. The hypothalamus is a part of the brain where certain functions such as sleep cycles and body temperature are regulated. The pituitary is a gland that makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. Froehlich syndrome is acquired(i.e., not thought to be inherited or genetic). This syndrome appears to affect males more commonly. The term 'Froelich syndrome' is rarely used today.


name: diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome

description: This is usually an oligoclonal CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration of various organs.


myositis ossificans

description: A disorder characterized by non-neoplastic bone formation in soft tissues. It usually follows blunt trauma and bleeding in the deep soft tissues.


Capgras syndrome

description: A rare neuropsychiatric disorder whose primary feature is the delusion that relatives or close acquaintances are not the persons that they are known to be. Visual recognition appears intact but familiar persons are thought be imposters, that is, they appear similar or identical to known individuals but are not. Most cases are seen in the context of a psychotic state. However, if manifested post-traumatically, the cause is most likely due to neurologic impairment. This disorder should be contrasted with prosopagnosia, in which an individual may not recognize a familiar person at all.


testicular monophasic choriocarcinoma

description: A choriocarcinoma that arises from the testis and is characterized by the predominance of cytotrophoblastic and intermediate trophoblastic cells. Syncytiotrophoblastic cells are absent or not prominent.


name: synchronous multifocal osteogenic sarcoma

description: A bone osteosarcoma affecting multiple skeletal sites, with multifocal lesions discovered within 6 months of the appearance of the initial tumor. It has a poor prognosis.


name: asynchronous multifocal osteogenic sarcoma

description: A bone osteosarcoma affecting multiple skeletal sites, with multifocal lesions discovered between 6 and 24 months after the appearance of the initial tumor. Patients with asynchronous tumors have a better prognosis than those with synchronous osteosarcomas.


amphetamine abuse

description: Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.


gastric fundus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the fundus of stomach.


gastric pylorus carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the pylorus.


gastric body carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the body of stomach.


tubular variant testicular seminoma

description: A morphologic variant of testicular seminoma characterized by the presence of seminoma cells arranged in tubular patterns and few lymphocytes.


Littre gland carcinoma

description: A carcinoma involving a male urethral gland.


malignant type AB thymoma

description: A type AB thymoma which is characterized by an aggressive clinical course (capsular invasion, infiltration of the surrounding tissues) and can metastasize.


name: colon small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade, and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the colon. It is characterized by the presence of malignant small cells.


intrahepatic bile duct cystadenoma

description: A mucinous cystic neoplasm that arises from the intrahepatic bile ducts.


schwannoma of jugular foramen

description: A rare intracranial schwannoma that affects the jugular foramen.


bilateral breast carcinoma

description: Carcinoma that affects both breasts in a simultaneous or non-simultaneous manner.


synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma

description: Carcinoma that is detected in one breast within two months from the diagnosis of carcinoma in the other breast.


internal auditory canal lipoma

description: A rare benign adipose tissue neoplasm of the internal auditory canal, often presenting as an acoustic tumor. It may be intermixed with the vestibulocochlear nerve and may adhere to adjacent structures.


chest wall lymphoma

description: A lymphoma that affects the structures of the chest wall. The majority of cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.


lung lymphoma

description: A rare non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in and is confined to the lung at the time of diagnosis.


sternum lymphoma

description: A rare lymphoma that arises from the bone or soft tissue of the sternum.


polyembryoma of the ovary

description: A rare, malignant germ cell tumor arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of embryoid bodies which resemble early embryos.


malignant breast myoepithelioma

description: An invasive malignant tumor that arises from the breast. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells. Mitoses are present. Rarely, local recurrences and distant metastases have been reported.


name: villoglandular endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

description: A primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium characterized by the presence of numerous finger-like villi lined by neoplastic columnar cells.


childhood botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

description: A morphologic variant of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in children. The tumor arises from organs with a mucosal epithelial surface. It is characterized by the formation of a cambium layer in the affected tissue and polypoid nodules within an abundant myxoid stroma.