hepatic stellate cell

description: A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver.


Hensen cell

category: biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

description: A tall supporting cell that is arranged in rows adjacent to the last row of outer phalangeal cells. This cell type constitutes the outer border of the organ of Corti.


Claudius cell

description: A cuboidal cell which along with Boettcher's cells form the floor of the external spiral sulcus, external to the organ of Corti.


Deiter's cell

description: The outer phalangeal cells of the organ of Corti. This cell holds the base of the hair cell in a cup-shaped depression.


Mueller cell

description: Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus are usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer.


name: chromophil cell of anterior pituitary gland

description: A cell that stains readily in the anterior pituitary gland.


name: acidophil cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis

description: An acidophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland.


name: basophil cell of pars distalis of adenohypophysis

description: A basophilic chromophil cell that of the anterior pituitary gland.


chromophobe cell

description: A cell that is resistant to stains.


folliculostellate cell

description: An agranular supporting cell of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) that is characterized by a star-like morphology and ability to form follicles. Folliculostellate cells communicate with each other and with endocrine cells via gap junctions.


Bergmann glial cell

description: Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses.


pituicyte

description: A glial cell of astrocytic lineage with long processes running parallel to adjacent axons in the proximal infundibulum of the neurohypophysis. These processes form a three-dimensional network among the axons of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells and are connected by gap junctions which provide for their metabolic coupling. This cell type constitutes most of the nonexcitable tissue in the neurohypophsis; function may include possibly acting as an intermediate in the modulation of oxytocin and vasopressin release. This cell type is highly variable in size and shape and commonly contain lipid droplets and deposits of lipochrome pigment.


basal cell

description: Undifferentiated; mitotic stem cell for other epithelial cell types; rounded or elliptical with little cytoplasm and few organelles; contain cytokeratin intermediate filament.


multinucleated giant cell

description: A phagocytic cell formed by the fusion of macrophages, occurs in chronic inflammatory responses to persistent microorganism such as M.tuberculosis, component of granulomas. Sometimes used to refer to megakaryocytes.


kidney granular cell

description: A smooth muscle cell that synthesizes, stores, and secretes the enzyme renin. This cell type are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the entrance to the glomerulus. While having a different origin than other kidney smooth muscle cells, this cell type expresses smooth muscle actin upon maturation.


prickle cell

description: A cell with delicate radiating processes known as desmosomes that form intercellular bridges between other cells of this type. This cell type forms the stratum spinosum (prickle cell layer). A function of this cell is to generate keratin.


mesangial cell

description: A cell type that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney. This cell secretes mesangial matrix that provides the structural support for the capillaries.


mucous neck cell

description: A mucus-secreting cell, with numerous apical secretory vesicles containing mucins; nucleus are basally displaced; numerous at the neck of mucus secreting glands


pinealocyte

description: This cell type produces and secretes melatonin and forms the pineal parenchyma. Extending from each cell body, which has a spherical, oval or lobulated mucleus, are one or more tortuous basophilic processes, containing parallel microtubules known as synaptic ribbons. These processes end in expanded terminal buds near capillaries or less, frequently, ependymal cells of the pineal recess. The terminal buds contain granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and electron-dense cored vesicles, which store monoamines and polypeptide hormones, release of which appears to require sympathetic innervation.


podocyte

description: A specialized kidney epithelial cell, contained within a glomerulus, that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other podocytes.


primary oocyte

description: A primary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed female meosis I.


secondary oocyte

description: A secondary oocyte is an oocyte that has not completed meiosis II.


primary spermatocyte

description: A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes.


secondary spermatocyte

description: One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids.


cuticle secreting cell

description: An epithelial cell that secretes cuticle.


eggshell secreting cell

description: An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes eggshell.


glycocalyx secreting cell

description: An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes glycocalyx.


collagen secreting cell

description: An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen.


pericyte

description: An elongated, contractile cell found wrapped about precapillary arterioles outside the basement membrane. Pericytes are present in capillaries where proper adventitia and muscle layer are missing (thus distingushing this cell type from adventitial cells). They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.


primordial germ cell

description: A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells.


centripetally migrating follicle cell

description: A follicle cell that migrates from the dorso-anterior part of the oocyte associated follicular epithelium, in between the nurse cells and the oocyte, and participates in the formation of the operculum.


Kenyon cell

description: An intrinsic neuron of the mushroom body of arthropods and annelids. They have tightly packed, cytoplasm-poor cell bodies.


interfollicle cell

description: A follicle cell that is part of the stalk connecting adjacent egg chambers.


female gamete

description: A mature sexual reproductive cell of the female germline.


gut absorptive cell

description: Cell of the intestinal epithelium with a brush border made up of many parallel packed microvilli; associated with absorption, particularly of macromolecules.


glutamatergic neuron

description: A neuron that is capable of some neurotansmission by glutamate secretion.


muscle precursor cell

description: A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell.


radial glial cell

description: A cell present in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration.


M cell of gut

description: An absorptive cell of the gut epithelium that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them to the subepithelial space where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.


ependymoglial cell

description: A cell that transports hormones from neurosecretory cells. This nerve cell is characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space.


cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell

description: A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell that secretes cerebrospinal fluid.


perijunctional fibroblast

description: A fibroblast-like cell that provides support at neuromuscular junctions in vertebrates and are localized outside the synaptic basal lamina.


myoendocrine cell

description: A cell with both myofibrils and secretory granules.


stellate interneuron

description: Any interneuron that has characteristic some stellate morphology.


terminal Schwann cell

description: A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system inside the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction providing chemical and physical support to the synapse.


neurogliaform cell

description: An interneuron that has spider-like appearance with a small round soma, a large number (7-10) of short, smooth, or slightly beaded primary dendrites that give rise to only a few secondary branches, and a branched axon that establishes a dense axonal mesh with thin shafts.


Cajal-Retzius cell

description: A neuron of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


PP cell

description: A cell that stores and secretes pancreatic polypeptide hormone.


paraganglial type 1 cell

description: A type of glomus or chief cell, is sensitive to hypoxia and produce catecholamines.


dopaminergic neuron

description: A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


paraganglia type 2 cell

description: Supports paraganglial type 1 cell.


sustentacular cell

description: Cell that provides some or all mechanical, nutritional and phagocytic support to their neighbors.


endothelial tip cell

description: A specialized endothelial cell that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.


choroid plexus epithelial cell

description: Specialized ependymal cell that produces the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood and secretes it into the lumen of the brain and spinal chord.


leptomeningeal cell

description: Stromal cell that forms the internal covering of the vertebrate brain and produces ECM for this and the choroid plexus.


neurecto-epithelial cell

description: Epithelial cells derived from neural plate and neural crest.


cumulus cell

description: Cumulus cell is a specialized granulosa cell that surrounds and nourishes the oocyte. This cell-type surrounds the fully-grown oocyte to form a cumulus-oocyte complex (abbr. COC). The terms cumulus oophorus cells, cumulus granulosa cells, cumulus oophorous granulosa cells, granulosa-cumulus cells are used to make a distinction between this cell and the other functionally different subpopulation of granulosa cells at the wall of the Graafian follicle.


stratum granulosum cell

description: Any epidermal cell that is part of some stratum granulosum of epidermis.


embryonic crystal cell

description: A crystal cell that derives from the embryonic head mesoderm.


lymph gland crystal cell

description: A crystal cell that derives from the larval lymph gland.


compound eye cone cell

description: A cell of an ommatidium that secretes lens materials.


name: posterior cone cell (sensu Endopterygota)


name: anterior cone cell (sensu Endopterygota)


name: equatorial cone cell (sensu Endopterygota)


somatic stem cell

description: A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


heterocyst

description: A differentiated cell that functions as a site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions.


nitrogen fixing cell

description: Any cell that is capable of some nitrogen fixation.


chlamydospore

description: An asexual 1-celled spore (primarily for perennation, not dissemination). Originates endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell by the contraction of the protoplast. Possesses an inner secondary and often thickened hyaline or brown wall, usually impregnated with hydrophobic material.


leading edge cell

description: A cell at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


urothelial cell

description: A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the proximal urethra, bladder, ureter or renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.


lymph gland plasmatocyte

description: A plasmatocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland.


lymph gland hemocyte

description: A hemocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland.


striated muscle cell

description: Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.


leukocyte

description: An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


retinal ganglion cell

description: The set of neurons that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.


spinal accessory motor neuron

description: A motor neuron that is located in the cervical region of the spinal cord and selectively innervates the sternocleidmastoid or trapezius muscle. Unlike other motor neurons, they extend axons dorsally along lateral margins of the spinal cord.


periarticular chondrocyte

description: A round chondrocyte that first differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone.


hypertrophic chondrocyte

description: Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification).


columnar chondrocyte

description: A columnar chondrocyte that differentiates in the late embryonic growth plate of bone. Columnar chondrocytes vigorously proliferate and form columns in the growth plate.


retina horizontal cell

description: A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.


cardiac muscle cell

description: Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. In mammals, the contractile fiber resembles those of skeletal muscle but are only one third as large in diameter, are richer in sarcoplasm, and contain centrally located instead of peripheral nuclei.


cyanophore

description: A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains blue pigment of unknown chemical composition in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes. This gives a blue appearance.


retinal bipolar neuron

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


ON-bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors.


OFF-bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light to dark transition.


rod bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina that is synapsed by rod photoreceptor cells but not by cone photoreceptor cells.  These neurons depolarize in response to light.


cone retinal bipolar cell

description: A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer.


type 1 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell body of these cells is in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is stout and the axon terminates in sublamina 1. The axonal terminal is wide and has only a few varicosities.


type 2 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is not well filled and the dendrites are more delicate than in type 1 cells. The axon terminal is bushier and exhibits a dense plexus of varicosities in the inner part of sublamina 1 (Ghosh et al., 2004).  It can be differentiated from other retinal bipolar neurons by its expression of marker genes: Neto1, Lhx3 and Irx-6 (Shekhar, 2016).


type 3 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is delicate and the dendritic tips appear small when compared with type 1 cells. The axon terminal is stratified and restricted to sublamina 2 of the inner plexiform layer.


type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a diffuse axon terminal with varicosities in sublaminae 1 and 2 of the inner plexiform layer.


type 5 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is restricted to sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer. It is narrowly stratified and branched. The dendritic tree has many delicate branches.


type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The cell has a loose, delicate axon terminal that opens in sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer and descends into sublamina 4.


type 7 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is narrowly stratified and are found just below a calretinin-expressing band in sublamina 4 of the inner plexiform layer.


type 8 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. This cell has the widest dendritic field and the widest axon terminal of all retinal bipolar cells. The axon terminal is delicate and stratified through sublaminae 4 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer.


type 9 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

description: An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is wide and the dendritic convergence indicates cone selectivity. The axon terminal is sparsely branched and terminates in sublamina 5 of the inner plexiform layer.


nucleated thrombocyte

description: A nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation, typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates.


myeloid cell

description: A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


erythroid lineage cell

description: A immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.


erythroblast

description: A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers.


myeloid leukocyte

description: A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage.


basophil

description: Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive.


immature basophil

description: Any of the immature forms of a basophil, in which basophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.


basophilic metamyelocyte

description: A basophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a basophilic myelocyte and a band form basophil. The nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare. Markers are CD11b-positive, CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD24-positive, CD33-positive, and CD13-positive.


band form basophil

description: A late basophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature basophil.


eosinophil

description: Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive.


immature eosinophil

description: Any of the immature forms of an eosinophil, in which eosinophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.


eosinophilic metamyelocyte

description: A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a eosinophilic myelocyte and a band form eosinophil. The nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare. Markers are integrin alpha-M-positive, fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-positive, CD33-positive, CD24-positive and aminopeptidase N-negative.


band form eosinophil

description: A late eosinophilic metamyelocyte in which the nucleus is in the form of a curved or coiled band, not having acquired the typical multilobar shape of the mature eosinophil.


neutrophil

description: Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


immature neutrophil

description: Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking.


mesangial phagocyte

description: A tissue-resident macrophage of the renal glomerular mesangium involved in the disposal and degradation of filtration residues, presentation of antigen to T cells and in tissue remodeling.


mononuclear osteoclast

description: A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone, precursor of multinuclear osteoclasts.


multinuclear osteoclast

description: A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone.


multinuclear odontoclast

description: A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.


mononuclear odontoclast

description: A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.


myeloid dendritic cell

description: A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage.


multinucleated phagocyte

description: A phagocyte formed by the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression (CD123-positive) from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection.


mature B cell

description: A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen.


plasma cell

description: A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin.


memory B cell

description: A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative.


naive B cell

description: A naive B cell is a mature B cell that has the phenotype surface IgD-positive, surface IgM-positive, CD20-positive, CD27-negative and that has not yet been activated by antigen in the periphery.


alpha-beta T cell

description: A T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.


immature alpha-beta T cell

description: An alpha-beta T cell that has an immature phenotype and has not completed T cell selection.


mature alpha-beta T cell

description: A alpha-beta T cell that has a mature phenotype.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell

description: A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.


name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell

description: A alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements.


alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell

description: A mature alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements.


gamma-delta T cell

description: A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


immature gamma-delta T cell

description: A gamma-delta T cell that has an immature phenotype.


mature gamma-delta T cell

description: A gamma-delta T cell that has a mature phenotype. These cells can be found in tissues and circulation where they express unique TCR repertoire depending on their location.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell

description: A mature gamma-delta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells participate in mucosal immune responses.


name: CD8-alpha alpha positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell

description: A gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell that has the phenotype CD8-alpha alpha-positive.


name: CD4-negative CD8-negative gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell

description: A gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative and CD8-negative.


immature single positive thymocyte

description: A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-positive, CD44-negative, CD25-negative, and pre-TCR-positive.


DN2 thymocyte

description: A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-positive.


DN3 thymocyte

description: A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-negative, and CD25-positive and expressing the T cell receptor beta-chain in complex with the pre-T cell receptor alpha chain.


DN4 thymocyte

description: A thymocyte that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-negative, CD25-negative, and pre-TCR-positive.


double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte

description: A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte

description: An immature alpha-beta T cell that is located in the thymus and is CD4-positive and CD8-negative.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte

description: An immature alpha-beta T cell that is located in the thymus and is CD8-positive and CD4-negative.


memory T cell

description: A long-lived, antigen-experienced T cell that has acquired a memory phenotype including distinct surface markers and the ability to differentiate into an effector T cell upon antigen reexposure.


mature NK T cell

description: A mature alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage that bears natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response.


regulatory T cell

description: A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.


immature B cell

description: An immature B cell is a B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive and surface IgD-negative, and have not undergone class immunoglobulin class switching or peripheral encounter with antigen and activation.


precursor B cell

description: A precursor B cell is a B cell with the phenotype CD10-positive.


transitional stage B cell

description: An immature B cell of an intermediate stage between the pre-B cell stage and the mature naive stage with the phenotype surface IgM-positive and CD19-positive, and are subject to the process of B cell selection. A transitional B cell migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and then to the spleen.


B-1 B cell

description: A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive.


B-1a B cell

description: A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-positive.


B-1b B cell

description: A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-negative, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell.


B-2 B cell

description: A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative.


immature natural killer cell

description: A natural killer cell that is developmentally immature and expresses natural killer cell receptors (NKR).


mature natural killer cell

description: A natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class I and other stress related molecules.


pro-NK cell

description: A lymphoid progenitor cell that is committed to the natural killer cell lineage, expressing CD122 (IL-15) receptor, but lacking many of the phenotypic characteristics of later stages of natural killer cell development such as expression of NK activating and inhibitory molecules. In human this cell has the phenotype CD34-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD10-positive, CD117-negative, and CD161 negative.


pro-B cell

description: A progenitor cell of the B cell lineage, with some lineage specific activity such as early stages of recombination of B cell receptor genes, but not yet fully committed to the B cell lineage until the expression of PAX5 occurs.


pro-T cell

description: A lymphoid progenitor cell of the T cell lineage, with some lineage specific marker expression, but not yet fully committed to the T cell lineage.


thromboblast

description: A progenitor cell of the thrombocyte, a nucleated blood cell involved in coagulation typically seen in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates.


basophilic myeloblast

description: A myeloblast committed to the basophil lineage.


basophilic promyelocyte

description: A promyelocyte committed to the basophil lineage.


mast cell progenitor

description: A progenitor cell of the mast cell lineage. Markers for this cell are FceRIa-low, CD117-positive, CD9-positive, T1/ST2-positive, SCA1-negative, and lineage-negative.


eosinophilic myeloblast

description: A myeloblast committed to the eosinophil lineage.


eosinophilic promyelocyte

description: A promyelocyte committed to the eosinophil lineage.


neutrophil progenitor cell

description: A progenitor cell of the neutrophil lineage.


myeloblast

description: The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow.


promyelocyte

description: A precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myeloblast and myelocyte, that has distinct nucleoli, a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of 5:1 to 3:1, and containing a few primary cytoplasmic granules. Markers for this cell are fucosyltransferase FUT4-positive, CD33-positive, integrin alpha-M-negative, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-negative, and CD24-negative.


description: A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans.


name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell

description: A progenitor cell restricted to the lymphoid lineage.


name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell

description: A progenitor cell restricted to the myeloid lineage.


immature conventional dendritic cell

description: An immature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by high levels of antigen uptake via endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and typically found resident in the tissues. Markers for this cell are CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHC-II-low.


mature conventional dendritic cell

description: A mature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by a high capacity for antigen presentation and typically found in a lymph node.


mononuclear cell

description: A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.


follicular B cell

description: A resting mature B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD23-positive and CD21-positive, and found in the B cell follicles of the white pulp of the spleen or the corticol areas of the peripheral lymph nodes. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-negative, CD43-negative, and CD5-negative.


germinal center B cell

description: A rapidly cycling mature B cell that has distinct phenotypic characteristics and is involved in T-dependent immune responses and located typically in the germinal centers of lymph nodes. This cell type expresses Ly77 after activation.


marginal zone B cell of spleen

description: A mature B cell that is located in the marginal zone of the spleen with the phenotype CD23-negative and CD21-positive and expressing a B cell receptor usually reactive to bacterial cell wall components or senescent self components such as oxidized-LDL. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, IgM-high, AA4-negative, CD35-high.


vestibular dark cell

description: An epithelial cell of the vestibular sensory organ that is characterized by intense enzymatic activities and numerous basal membrane infoldings.


ciliated olfactory receptor neuron

description: An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a pronounced ciliated olfactory knob.


microvillous olfactory receptor neuron

description: An olfactory receptor cell in which the apical ending of the dendrite is a knob that bears numerous microvilli.


crypt olfactory receptor neuron

description: An olfactory receptor cell with short cilia growing in an invagination bordered by microvilli.


serotonergic neuron

description: A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter.


neuromast mantle cell

description: Neuromast mantle cell is a non-sensory cell. Neuromast mantle cells surround the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secrete cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.


neuromast supporting cell

description: Neuromast support cell is a non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.


olfactory epithelial supporting cell

description: Olfactory epithelial support cell is a columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. This cell type has a large, vertically, elongate, euchromatic nucleus, along with other nuclei, forms a layer superficial to the cell body of the receptor cell; sends long somewhat irregular microvilli into the mucus layer; at the base, with expanded end-feet containing numerous lamellated dense bodies resembling lipofuscin of neurons.


interneuromast cell

description: Interneuromast cell is a neuroectodermal cell deposited by the migrating lateral line primordium between the neuromasts. Interneuromast cells proliferate and migrate to form additional neuromasts.


sensory hair cell

description: Hair cell is a mechanoreceptor cell that is sensitive to movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.


neuromast hair cell

description: Neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


slow muscle myoblast

description: A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into slow muscle fibers.


fast muscle myoblast

description: A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into fast muscle fibers.


classical monocyte

description: A monocyte that responds rapidly to microbial stimuli by secreting cytokines and antimicrobial factors and which is characterized by high expression of CCR2 in both rodents and humans, negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20, and of larger size than non-classical monocytes.


elicited macrophage

description: A macrophage which develops from an inflammatory monocyte and is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response. Markers include CD11b-positive, CD68-positive, and F4/80-positive.


suppressor macrophage

description: A macrophage that suppresses immune responses.


inflammatory macrophage

description: An elicited macrophage that is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response, expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, and shows potent microbicidal activity.


tissue-resident macrophage

description: A macrophage constitutively resident in a particular tissue under non-inflammatory conditions, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


name: gastrointestinal tract (lamina propria) macrophage

description: A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in lamina propria of the gut.


thymic macrophage

description: A tissue-resident macrophage resident found in the thymus, involved in the clearance of apoptotic thymocytes.


secondary lymphoid organ macrophage

description: A tissue-resident macrophage found in a secondary lymphoid organ.


lymph node macrophage

description: A secondary lymphoid organ macrophage found in a lymph node. This cell is CD169-high.


tonsillar macrophage

description: A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in tonsils.


Peyer's patch macrophage

description: A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in the Peyer's patches.


splenic macrophage

description: A secondary lymphoid organ macrophage found in the spleen.


splenic marginal zone macrophage

description: A splenic macrophage found in the marginal zone of the spleen, involved in recognition and clearance of particulate material from the splenic circulation. Markers include F4/80-negative, MARCO-positive, SR-A-positive, SIGN-R1-positive, and Dectin2-positive.


splenic metallophillic macrophage

description: A splenic macrophage found in the areas surrounding the white pulp of the spleen, adjacent to the marginal sinus. Markers include F4/80-negative, Dectin2-low, sialoadhesin-positive.


splenic red pulp macrophage

description: A splenic macrophage found in the red-pulp of the spleen, and involved in immune responses to blood-borne pathogens and in the clearance of senescent erythrocytes. Markers include F4/80-positive, CD68-positive, MR-positive, Dectin2-positive, macrosialin-positive, and sialoadhesin-low.


non-classical monocyte

description: A type of monocyte characterized by low expression of CCR2, low responsiveness to monocyte chemoattractant CCL2/MCP1, low phagocytic activity, and decrease size relative to classical monocytes, but increased co-stimulatory activity. May also play a role in tissue repair.


splenic white pulp macrophage

description: A splenic macrophage found in the white pulp of the spleen. Markers include F4/80-negative, CD68-positive, and macrosialin-positive.


splenic tingible body macrophage

description: A splenic white pulp macrophage found in and around the germinal centers of the white pulp of the spleen that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers. A marker for a cell of this type is Mertk-positive.


central nervous system macrophage

description: A tissue-resident macrophage found in the central nervous system.


meningeal macrophage

description: A border associated macrophage that is part of a meninx. This macrophage type is elongated and amoeboid spindle-shaped with limited mobility. This macrophage is highly phagocytic, expresses scavenger receptors, has dynamic protrusions and extends its processes during inflammation.


choroid plexus macrophage

description: A border associated macrophage found at the interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. This central nervous system macrophage has a star-like shaped body and expresses scavenger receptors.


perivascular macrophage

description: A border associated macrophage that is adjacent to a small blood vessel of a brain. A perivascular macrophage expresses the markers CD14, CD16 and CD163. In homeostatic conditions, this central nervous system macrophage has a non-motile cell body with extending and retracting projections through the blood vessel wall.


thymic medullary macrophage

description: A thymic macrophage found in the thymic medulla.


thymic cortical macrophage

description: A thymic macrophage found in the thymic cortex.


name: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage

description: A tissue-resident macrophage found in the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.


name: gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage

description: A mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of the gut.


name: nasal and broncial associated lymphoid tissue macrophage

description: A mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in the nasal and bronchial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.


lymph node subcapsular sinus macrophage

description: A lymph node macrophage found in the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes that participates in sensing, clearance, and antigen presentation of lymph-borne particulate antigens. This macrophage is capable of activating invaraint NKT cells and is CD169-positive.


lymph node tingible body macrophage

description: A lymph node macrophage found in the cortex of lymph nodes, in particular in and around the germinal centers, and that participates in phagocytosis of apoptotic B cells from the germinal centers.


myeloid suppressor cell

description: An immature myeloid leukocyte of heterogeneous phenotype found particularly in cancer and sepsis patients that is capable of suppressing activity of T cells in ex vivo assays. This cell type is CD45-positive, CD11b-positive.


alternatively activated macrophage

description: An elicited macrophage characterized by low production of pro-inflammatory and Th1 polarizing cytokines and high expression of arginase-1, and associated with tissue remodelling.


foam cell

description: A type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


smooth muscle cell derived foam cell

description: A type of foam cell derived from a smooth muscle cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherolosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


thymocyte

description: An immature T cell located in the thymus.


DN1 thymic pro-T cell

description: A pro-T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD44-positive, and CD25-negative.


name: naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: An antigen inexperienced CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive and CD62L-positive. This cell type develops in the thymus. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high, and CD44-low.


description: A recently activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell

description: A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell.


naive T cell

description: Mature T cell not yet exposed to antigen with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD45RA-positive, and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.


T-helper 17 cell

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-positive, and capable of producing IL-17.


name: naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has not experienced activation via antigen contact and has the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CCR7-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.


Tr1 cell

description: CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell with regulatory function that produces IL-10.


induced T-regulatory cell

description: CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD25-positive, CTLA-4-positive, and FoxP3-positive with regulatory function.


natural T-regulatory cell

description: CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype FoxP3-positive, CD25-positive, CD62L-positive, and CTLA-4 positive with regulatory function.


name: central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


name: effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, CD25-positive, and CCR7-negative.


name: central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive, that secretes cytokines.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell.


cytotoxic T cell

description: A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive.


effector T cell

description: A differentiated T cell with ability to traffic to peripheral tissues and is capable of mounting a specific immune response.


helper T cell

description: A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.


name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


immature NK T cell

description: An immature alpha-beta T-cell that express Egr2. These cells give rise to T cells expressing NK markers.


name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell

description: An alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell with the phenotype CD8-alpha-alpha-positive located in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have a memory phenotype of CD2-negative and CD5-negative.


dendritic epidermal T cell

description: A mature gamma-delta T cell located in the epidermis that regulates wound healing.


Tc1 cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta positive T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive, eomesodermin-positive, CXCR3-positive, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interferon-gamma.


Tc2 cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta positive T cell expressing GATA-3 and secreting IL-4.


name: CD8-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: A CD8-positive alpha beta-positive T cell with the phenotype FoxP3-positive and having suppressor function.


name: CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: CD8-positive, alpha-beta positive regulatory T cell with the phenotype CD28-negative and FoxP3-positive.


type I NK T cell

description: An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK cell markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses specific V-alpha chains. NK T cells of this type recognize the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide in the context of CD1d.


type II NK T cell

description: An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK call markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses a diverse TCR repertoire. Type II NKT cells do not become activated by alpha-galactosylceramide when presented by CD1d.


CD4-positive type I NK T cell

description: A type I NK T cell that has the phenotype CD4-positive.


name: CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell

description: A type I NK T cell that has the phenotype CD4-negative and CD8-negative.


activated CD4-positive type I NK T cell

description: A type I NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and IL-4, and has the phenotype CD4-positive, CD69-positive, and downregulated NK markers.


name: CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma

description: A mature NK T cell that secretes interferon-gamma and enhances type 1 immune responses.


name: CD4-positive type I NK T cell secreting interleukin-4

description: A mature NK T cell that predominantly secretes type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 and enhances type 2 immune responses.


name: activated CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell

description: A type I NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, and has phenotype CD4-negative, CD8-negative, CD69-positive, and downregulated NK markers.


name: CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma

description: A mature NK T cell that secretes interferon-gamma and enhances Th1 immune responses.


name: CD4-negative, CD8-negative type I NK T cell secreting interleukin-4

description: A mature NK T cell that secretes interleukin-4 and enhances Th2 immune responses.


activated type II NK T cell

description: A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.


name: type II NK T cell secreting interferon-gamma

description: A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.


name: type II NK T cell secreting interleukin-4

description: A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell

description: A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has cytotoxic function.


description: A CD4-negative, CD8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.


early lymphoid progenitor

description: A lymphoid progenitor cell that is found in bone marrow, gives rise to B cells, T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, and has the phenotype Lin-negative, Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, FLT3-positive, CD34-positive, CD150 negative, and GlyA-negative.


pre-natural killer cell

description: Cell committed to natural killer cell lineage that has the phenotype CD122-positive, CD34-positive, and CD117-positive. This cell type lacks expression of natural killer receptor proteins.


name: CD16-negative, CD56-bright natural killer cell, human

description: NK cell that has the phenotype CD56-bright, CD16-negative, and CD84-positive with the function to secrete interferon-gamma but is not cytotoxic.


name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human

description: A mature natural killer cell that has the phenotype CD56-low, CD16-positive and which is capable of cytotoxicity and cytokine production.


mucosal invariant T cell

description: An alpha-beta T cell that is found in the lamina propria of mucosal tissues and is restricted by the MR-1 molecule.


thymic conventional dendritic cell

description: A dendritic cell arising in thymus that has the phenotype CD11c-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD45RA-negative.


thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: A plasmacytoid dendritic cell developing in the thymus with phenotype CD11c-negative or low, CD45RA-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD123-positive.


Be1 Cell

description: A Be cell that facilitates development of T-helper 1 (Th1) phenotype in CD4-positive T cells, and secretes high levels of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.


Be2 cell

description: A Be cell that facilitates development of T-helper 2 (Th2) phenotype T cells, and secretes high levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-10, interleukin-4, and interleukin-6.


lymphocyte of B lineage

description: A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex.


antibody secreting cell

description: A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin.


IgE plasma cell

description: A long lived plasma cell that secretes IgE.


IgE memory B cell

description: A class switched memory B cell that expresses IgE on the cell surface.


IgD plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that secretes IgD, and which occur in a small proportion of B cells in the adult.


IgE plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that secretes IgE.


IgE short lived plasma cell

description: A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgE.


preBCR-positive large pre-B-II cell

description: An preBRC-positive large pre-B-II cell is a large pre-B-II cell that is pre-B cell receptor-positive, composed of surrogate light chain protein (SL), which is composed of VpreB , Lambda 5/14.1, in complex with immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu) on the cell surface.


preBCR-negative large pre-B-II cell

description: A pre-BCR-negative large pre-B-II cell is a large pre-B-II cell that is pre-B cell receptor-negative, composed of surrogate light chain protein (SL), which is composed of VpreB and Lambda 5/14.1, in complex with immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu), on the cell surface, and lack a DNA rearrangement of immunoglobulin light chain genes.


small pre-B-II cell

description: A small pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is Rag1-positive, Rag2-positive, pre-BCR-negative, and BCR-negative, is not proliferating, and carries a DNA rearrangement of one or more immunoglobulin light chain genes.


pre-B-II cell

description: A pre-B-II cell is a precursor B cell that expresses immunoglobulin mu heavy chain (IgHmu+), and lack expression of CD34, TdT, immunoglobulin kappa light chain and immunoglobulin lambda light chain.


pre-B-I cell

description: A pre-B-I cell is a precursor B cell that expresses CD34 and surrogate immunoglobulin light chain (VpreB , Lambda 5 (mouse)/14.1 (human)) on the cell surface, and TdT, Rag1,and Rag2 intracellularly. Cell type carries a D-JH DNA rearrangement, and lacks expression of immunglobulin heavy chain protein.


large pre-B-II cell

description: A large pre-B-II cell is a pre-B-II cell that is proliferating and is Rag1-negative and Rag2-negative.


T1 B cell

description: A transitional stage B cell that migrates from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, and finally to the spleen. This cell type has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-negative, CD21-negative, CD23-negative, and CD62L-negative, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-negative.


T2 B cell

description: A transitional stage B cell that has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-postive, CD21-positive, CD23-positive, CD62L-negative, CD93-positive and is located in the splenic B follicles. This cell type has also been described as IgM-high, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-positive.


T3 B cell

description: A transitional stage B cell that expresses surface IgM and IgD, and CD62L. This cell type appears to be an anergic B cell that does not proliferate upon BCR signaling, is found in the spleen and lymph nodes, and has the phenotype surface IgM-positive, surface IgD-positive, CD21-positive, CD23-positive, CD62L-positive, and CD93-positive. This cell type has also been described as IgM-low, CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-positive, and CD23-positive (i.e. this cell-type is distinguished from T2 cells by surface expression of IgM).


Bm1 B cell

description: A follicular B cell that is IgD-positive, CD23-negative, and CD38-negative. This naive cell type is activated in the extrafollicular areas through interaction with interdigitating dendritic cells and antigen-specific CD4-positive T cells.


Bm2 B cell

description: A follicular B cell that is IgD-positive and CD23-positive and CD38-positive. This naive cell type is activated in the extrafollicular areas via interaction with dendritic cells and antigen specific T cells.


Bm3-delta B cell

description: A germinal center B cell that develops from a Bm3 B cell. This cell has the phenotype IgM-negative, IgD-positive, and CD38-positive.


Bm2' B cell

description: A germinal center B cell that founds a germinal center, and has the phenotype IgD-positive, CD38-positive, and CD23-negative.


Bm3 B cell

description: A germinal center B cell that is rapidly dividing and has the phenotype IgD-negative, CD38-positive, and CD77-positive. Somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin V gene region can occur during proliferation of this cell type.


Bm4 B cell

description: A germinal center B cell that has the phenotype CD77-negative, IgD-negative, and CD38-positive. These cells have undergone somatic mutation of the B cell receptor.


Bm5 B cell

description: A memory B cell arising in the germinal center that is IgD-negative and has undergone somatic mutation of the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes.


Be cell

description: A mature B cell that produces cytokines that can influence CD4 T cell differentiation.


regulatory B cell

description: A mature B cell that has the phenotype CD1d-positive and expresses interleukin-10. This cell type has been associated with suppression of chronic inflammatory responses and T cell responses.


unswitched memory B cell

description: An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative.


IgM memory B cell

description: An IgM memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell with the phenotype IgM-positive and IgD-negative.


class switched memory B cell

description: A class switched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has undergone Ig class switching and therefore is IgM-negative on the cell surface. These cells are CD27-positive and have either IgG, IgE, or IgA on the cell surface.


IgA memory B cell

description: A class switched memory B cell that expresses IgA.


long lived plasma cell

description: A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for years, as opposed to months, secretes immunoglobulin, and has the phenotype weakly CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD38-negative, strongly CD138-positive, MHC Class II-negative, surface immunoglobulin-negative, IgD-negative, and strongly CXCR4-positive. The majority of these cells of this type reside in the bone marrow.


short lived plasma cell

description: A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for months.


IgA short lived plasma cell

description: A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgA. These cells may be found in the bone marrow as well as in the mucosal immune system.


IgG short lived plasma cell

description: A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgG.


IgM short lived plasma cell

description: A short lived plasma cell that secretes IgM.


IgG memory B cell

description: An IgG memory B cell is a class switched memory B cell that is class switched and expresses IgG on the cell surface.


plasmablast

description: An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative.


double negative memory B cell

description: A memory B cell with the phenotype IgD-negative and CD27-negative.


IgG plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that secretes IgG.


IgM plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that secretes IgM.


IgA plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that secretes IgA.


IgG plasma cell

description: A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgG.


IgM plasma cell

description: A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgM.


IgA plasma cell

description: A fully differentiated plasma cell that secretes IgA.


hematopoietic cell

description: A cell of a hematopoietic lineage.


CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte that is CD11c-low, CD45R-positive, GR1-positive and CD11b-negative.


conventional dendritic cell

description: Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high.


description: CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte is CD11c-negative, CD45RA-positive, CD85g-positive(ILT7), CD123-positive, CD303-positive.


name: immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: Immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD80-low and CD86-low.


name: mature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: Mature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD83-high and is CD80-positive, CD86-positive, and MHCII-positive.


name: immature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: Immature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is CD80-negative, CD86-low and MHCII-low.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor OR CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor


name: mature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell

description: Mature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


name: immature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell

description: Immature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


description: CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-negative, CD4-negative CD8_alpha-negative and is CD205-positive. This cell is able to cross- present antigen to CD8-alpha-positive T cells.


name: CD4-positive CD11b-positive dendritic cell

description: CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD4-positive and is CD205-negative and CD8_alpha-negative.


description: CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-negative, CD4-negative and is CD205-positive and CD8_alpha-positive.


name: immature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell

description: Immature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


name: mature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell

description: Mature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-negative dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


name: mature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell

description: Mature CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-negative CD11b-positive dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


name: immature CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell

description: Immature CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


name: mature CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell

description: Mature CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a CD8_alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


dermal dendritic cell

description: Dermal dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD205-positive and CD8 alpha-negative.


interstitial dendritic cell

description: Interstitial dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-positive, CD1a-positive, CD206-positive, CD209-positive, and CD36-positive.


name: Kit and Sca1-positive hematopoietic stem cell

description: A hematopoietic stem cell that has plasma membrane part Kit-positive, SCA-1-positive, CD150-positive and CD34-negative.


immature dermal dendritic cell

description: Immature dermal dendritic cell is a dermal dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


mature dermal dendritic cell

description: Mature dermal dendritic cell is a dermal dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


immature interstitial dendritic cell

description: Immature interstitial dendritic cell is a interstitial dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


name: CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor OR granulocyte monocyte progenitor


mature interstitial dendritic cell

description: Mature interstitial dendritic cell is a interstitial dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


CD1a-positive Langerhans cell

description: CD1a-positive Langerhans cell is a Langerhans_cell that is CD1a-positive and CD324-positive.


CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell

description: CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell is a Langerhans cell that is CD205-high and is CD8_alpha-low.


immature CD1a-positive Langerhans cell

description: Immature CD1a-positive Langerhans cell is a CD1a-positive Langerhans cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


mature CD1a-positive Langerhans cell

description: Mature CD1a-positive Langerhans cell is a CD1a-positive Langerhans cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


immature CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell

description: Immature CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell is a CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.


name: CD115-positive monocyte OR common dendritic progenitor


mature CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell

description: Mature CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell is a CD8_alpha-low Langerhans cell that that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive common lymphoid progenitor

description: A common lymphoid progenitor that is CD10-positive, CD45RA-positive, CD34-positive and CD38-positive.


CD115-positive monocyte

description: CD115-positive monocyte is a monocyte that is CD115-positive and CD11b-positive.


name: Kit-positive, CD34-positive common myeloid progenitor

description: A common myeloid progenitor that is Kit-positive and CD34-positive, Il7ra-negative, and is SCA1-low and Fcgr2-low and Fcgr3-low.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell

description: CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cell is a hematopoietic stem cell that is CD34-positive, CD90-positive, and CD133-positive.


name: Kit-positive, Sca1-positive common lymphoid progenitor

description: A common lymphoid progenitor that is Kit-low, FLT3-positive, IL7ralpha-positive, and SCA1-low.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive common myeloid progenitor

description: A common myeloid progenitor that is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3ra-low, CD10-negative, CD7-negative, CD45RA-negative, and IL-5Ralpha-negative.


CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell

description: CD7-negative lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-negative and CD45RA-negative.


CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell

description: CD7-positive lymphoid progenitor cell is a lymphoid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD7-positive and is CD45RA-negative.


common dendritic progenitor

description: Common dendritic precursor is a hematopoietic progenitor cell that is CD117-low, CD135-positive, CD115-positive and lacks plasma membrane parts for hematopoietic lineage markers.


name: CD117-positive common myeloid progenitor OR CD217-positive common lymphoid progenitor


cerebellar granule cell

description: An excitatory granule cell with a soma located in the granular layer of cerebellar cortex. A mature cerebellar granule cell has short dendrites with a characteristic claw-like appearance and a long axon that ascends to the molecular layer where it bifurcates (except in non-teleost fish, where it does not bifurcate) and extends mediolaterally to form parallel fibers.


cortical granule cell

description: Granule cell that is part of the cerebral cortex.


hippocampal granule cell

description: Granule cell with a soma found in the hippocampus.


cell in vitro

description: A cell that is maintained or propagated in a controlled artificial environment for use in an investigation.


bone cell

description: A connective tissue cell found in bone.


terminally differentiated osteoblast

description: Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix.


description: Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone.


name: CD8-positive, CXCR3-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: A CD8-positive alpha-beta-positive T cell with the phenotype CXCR3-positive and having suppressor function. They are capable of producing IL-10, suppressing proliferation, and suppressing IFN-gamma production.


T-helper 22 cell

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that produces IL-22.


name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human

description: A recently activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD38-positive, CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, and CD25-positive.


name: effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.


naive CCR4-positive regulatory T cell

description: A naive regulatory T cell with the phenotype CD4-positive, CD25-positive, CD127lo, CCR4-positive, and CD45RO-negative.


memory CCR4-positive regulatory T cell

description: A memory regulatory T cell with phenotype CD4-positive, CD25-positive, CD127lo, CCR4-positive, and CD45RO-positive.


name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, CCR4-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell

description: A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell with the additional phenotype CCR4-positive.


name: activated CD4-positive, CD25-positive, CCR4-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell, human

description: A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, CCR4-positive, alpha-beta T regulatory cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, indicating recent activation.


name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human

description: A recently activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD38-positive, CD69-positive, CD62L-negative, CD127-negative, CCR7-negative, and CD25-positive.


name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive.


name: CD4-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative.


name: CD8-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, alpha-beta T cell

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative.


IgD-negative memory B cell

description: A memory B cell that lacks expression of surface IgD.


CD14-positive monocyte

description: A monocyte that expresses CD14 and is negative for the lineage markers CD3, CD19, and CD20.


CD14-positive, CD16-low monocyte

description: An intermediate monocyte that is CD14-positive and with low amounts of CD16.


dendritic cell, human

description: A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive.


myeloid dendritic cell, human

description: A myeloid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human

description: A plasmacytoid dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive, CD123-positive, and CD11c-negative.


name: common myeloid progenitor, CD34-positive

description: A progenitor cell committed to myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages. These cells are CD34-positive, and express Gata1, Gata2, C/EBPa, and Pu.1.


name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell, lineage-negative

description: A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.


abnormal cell

description: A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models.


name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated

description: A CD8-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative.


neoplastic cell

description: An abnormal cell exhibiting dysregulation of cell proliferation or programmed cell death and capable of forming a neoplasm, an aggregate of cells in the form of a tumor mass or an excess number of abnormal cells (liquid tumor) within an organism.


malignant cell

description: A neoplastic cell that is capable of entering a surrounding tissue


innate lymphoid cell

description: A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses.


erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian

description: A progenitor cell committed to the erythroid lineage. This cell is ter119-positive but lacks expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative).


group 1 innate lymphoid cell

description: An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma, but not Th2 or Th17 cell-associated cytokines.


description: A group 1 innate lymphoid cell that is non-cytotoxic.


group 2 innate lymphoid cell

description: An innate lymphoid cell that is capable of producing T-helper 2-cell associated cytokines upon stimulation.


beige adipocyte

description: An adipocyte that is beige in color, thermogenic, and which differentiates in white fat tissue from a Myf5-negative progenitor.


group 3 innate lymphoid cell

description: An innate lymphoid cell that constituitively expresses RORgt and is capable of expressing IL17A and/or IL-22.


name: CD34-negative, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell, human

description: An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD117-positive, and a precusor to NK cells, ILC2 cells, and ILC3 cells.


name: CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive innate lymphoid cell, human

description: An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD34-negative, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells.


name: CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive common innate lymphoid precursor, human

description: An innate lymphoid cell precursor in the human with the phenotype CD34-positive, CD56-positive, CD117-positive.Thie cell type may include precusors to NK cells and ILC3 cells.


name: KLRG1-positive innate lymphoid cell, human

description: An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype KLRG1-positive that is a precusor for ILC2 cells.


name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human

description: An innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype NKp46-positive that is a precusor for NK cells and ILC3 cells.


ILC1, human

description: An ILC1 cell in the human with the phenotype CD56-negative, IL-7Ralpha-positive, T-bet-positive.


group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human

description: A group 3 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype IL-7Ralpha-positive.


name: NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human

description: A group 3 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype IL-7Ralpha-positive, and NKp44-positive.


name: NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human

description: A group 3 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype IL-7Ralpha-positive, and NKp44-negative.


group 2 innate lymphoid cell, human

description: A group 2 innate lymphoid cell in the human with the phenotype CD25-positive, CD127-positive, CD161-positive, and GATA-3-positive.


immature innate lymphoid cell

description: An innate lyphoid cell with an immature phenotype.


name: effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated

description: A CD4-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative.


lymphocyte of B lineage, CD19-positive

description: A lymphocyte of B lineage that is CD19-positive.


B cell, CD19-positive

description: A B cell that is CD19-positive.


CD86-positive plasmablast

description: A plasmablast that is CD86-positive.


name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive

description: A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with memory phenotype indicated by being CD45RO and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high.


name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive

description: CD4-positive, alpha-beta long-lived T cell with the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high.


name: visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)


Kit-positive erythroid progenitor cell

description: An erythroid progenitor cell is Kit-positive, Ly6A-negative, CD41-negative, CD127-negative, and CD123-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD150-negative, CD41-negative, CD105-positive, and FcgR-negative.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor

description: A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative.


name: Kit-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor

description: A granulocyte monocyte progenitor that is Kit-positive, CD34-positive, Fc-gamma receptor II/II-positive, and is Sca-1-negative, Il7ra-negative, Cxc3r1-negative, and CD90-negative.


name: CD34-positive, GlyA-negative erythroid progenitor cell

description: An erythroid progenitor cell that is CD34-positive and is GlyA-negative.


description: A proerythoblast that is CD34-negative and GlyA-negative.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell

description: A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell is CD34-positive, CD38-positive and is IL3-receptor alpha-negative and CD45RA-negative.


name: Kit-positive, CD34-negative megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell

description: A megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell that is Kit-positive and is Sca1-negative, CD34-negative, CD90-negative, IL7r-alpha-negative and Fcgr II/III-low.


name: Kit-low, CD34-positive eosinophil progenitor cell

description: A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and Sca1-negative eosinophil progenitor cell.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive eosinophil progenitor cell

description: A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3r-alpha-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and CD45RA-negative eosinophil progenitor cell.


macrophage dendritic cell progenitor

description: A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages.


pre-conventional dendritic cell

description: A lin-negative, MHC-II-negative, CD11c-positive, FLT3-positive cell with intermediate expression of SIRP-alpha.


name: Kit-positive macrophage dendritic cell progenitor

description: A progenitor cell that can give rise to plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, and to monocytes and macrophages. Marker for this cell is Kit-high, CD115-positive, CD135-positive, Cx3cr1-positive, and is Il7ra-negative.


Kit-low proerythroblast

description: A proerythoblast that is Kit-low, Lyg76-positive, and CD71-positive.


GlyA-positive basophilic erythroblast

description: A basophilic erythroblast that is GlyA-positive.


name: Kit-negative, Ly-76 high basophilic erythroblast

description: A basophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative.


name: Kit-negative, Ly-76 high polychromatophilic erythroblast

description: A polychromatophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative.


name: CD71-low, GlyA-positive polychromatic erythroblast

description: A polychromatiic erythroblast that is Gly-A-positive and CD71-low.


name: Kit-negative, Ly-76 high orthochromatophilic erythroblasts

description: An orthochromatophilic erythroblast that is ter119-high, CD71-low, and Kit-negative.


name: CD71-negative, GlyA-positive orthochromatic erythroblast

description: An erythroblast that is GlyA-positive and CD71-negative.


Ly-76 high reticulocyte

description: A reticulocyte that is Ly76-high and is Kit-negative.


GlyA-positive reticulocytes

description: A reticulocyte that is GlyA-positive.


GlyA-positive erythrocyte

description: An enucleate erythrocyte that is GlyA-positive.


Ly-76 high positive erythrocyte

description: An enucleate erythrocyte that is Lyg-76-high.


name: CD34-positive, CD41-positive, CD42-positive megakaryocyte progenitor cell

description: A megakaroycotye progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD41-positive and CD42-positive on the cell surface.


name: Kit-positive megakaryocyte progenitor cell

description: A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is Kit-positive, CD41-positive, CD9-positive, Sca-1-negative, IL7ralpha-negative, CD150-negative, and Fcgamma receptor II/III-low.


name: CD34-positive, CD41-positive, CD42-negative megakaryocyte progenitor cell

description: A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD41-positive, and CD42-negative.


name: CD34-negative, CD41-positive, CD42-positive megakaryocyte cell

description: A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is CD34-negative, CD41-positive and CD42-positive.


name: CD9-positive, CD41-positive megakaryocyte cell

description: A megakaryocyte cell with is CD9-positive and CD41-positive.


basophil mast progenitor cell

description: A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa


name: Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low mast cell progenitor

description: A lineage-negative, Kit-positive, CD45-positive mast cell progenitor that is Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low.


name: Fc-epsilon RIalpha-high basophil progenitor cell

description: A lineage negative, Sca1-negative basophil progenitor cell that is Fc epsilon RIalpha-high.


name: hematopoietic lineage restricted progenitor cell

description: A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is capable of developing into only one lineage of hematopoietic cells.


description: A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities.


short term hematopoietic stem cell

description: A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative.


long term hematopoietic stem cell

description: A hematopoietic stem cell with long term self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD150-positive, CD90-low, CD34-negative and Flt3-negative.


name: Slamf1-negative multipotent progenitor cell

description: A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative.


name: Slamf1-positive multipotent progenitor cell

description: A hematopoietic progenitor that has some limited self-renewal capability. Cells are lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD34-positive, and Slamf1-positive.


name: CD2-positive, CD5-positive, CD44-positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell

description: Intraepithelial T cells with a memory phenotype of CD2-positive, CD5-positive, and CD44-positive.


T follicular helper cell

description: A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production.


immature NK T cell stage I

description: A CD24-high, CD4-low, CD8-low, CD44-negative, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.


immature NK T cell stage II

description: A CD24-low, CD44-negative, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.


immature NK T cell stage III

description: A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-low, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.


immature NK T cell stage IV

description: A CD24-low, CD44-positive, DX5-high, NK1.1-negative NK T cell.


name: CD34-positive, CD38-negative multipotent progenitor cell

description: A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative.


name: Kit-positive, integrin beta7-high basophil mast progenitor cell

description: A basophil mast progenitor cell that is Beta-7 integrin-high, Kit-positive FcRgammaII/III-positive and Sca1-negative.


fraction A pre-pro B cell

description: A pro-B cell that is CD45R/B220-positive, CD43-positive, HSA-low, BP-1-negative and Ly6c-negative. This cell type is also described as being lin-negative, AA4-positive, Kit-positive, IL7Ra-positive and CD45R-positive.


early pro-B cell

description: A pro-B cell that is CD22-positive, CD34-positive, CD38-positive and TdT-positive (has TdT activity). Pre-BCR is expressed on the cell surface. Cell is CD19-negative, CD20-negative, complement receptor type 2-negative and CD10-low. D-to-J recombination of the heavy chain occurs at this stage.


fraction B precursor B cell

description: A precursor B cell that is CD45RA-positive, CD43-positive, CD24-positive and BP-1-negative.


late pro-B cell

description: A pre-B cell precursor is CD19-low, CD22-positive , CD34-positive, CD38-positive.


fraction C precursor B cell

description: A precursor B cell that is CD45R-positive, CD43-positive, CD24-positive, and BP-positive. Intracellularly expression of surrogate light chain, Rag1 and Rag2, TdT, occurs while there is no expression of mu heavy chain.


fraction C' precursor B cell

description: A pre-BCR-positive precursor B cell that is CD24-high, CD25-positive, CD43-positive, CD45R-positive and BP-positive.


CD38-high pre-BCR positive cell

description: A pre-BCR positive B cell that is CD38-high.


fraction D precursor B cell

description: A pre-B cell that is pre-BCR-negative, and the kappa- and lambda- light immunoglobulin light chain-negative, CD43-low, and is BP-1-positive, CD45R-positive and CD25-positive. This cell type is also described as being AA4-positive, IgM-negative, CD19-positive, CD43-low/negative, and HSA-positive.


name: CD22-positive, CD38-low small pre-B cell

description: A small pre-B cell that is CD22-positive and CD38-low.


fraction E immature B cell

description: An immature B cell that is IgM-positive, CD45R-positive, CD43-low, CD25-negative, and CD127-negative. This cell type has also been described as being AA4-positive, IgM-positive, CD19-positive, CD43-low/negative, and HSA-positive.


CD38-negative immature B cell

description: An immature B cell that is CD38-negative, CD10-low, CD21-low, and CD22-high.


fraction F mature B cell

description: A mature B cell subset originally defined as having being CD45R-positive, IgM-positive, IgD-positive and CD43-negative. Subsequent research demonstrated being CD21-positive and CD23-negative and CD93 negative.


name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte

description: A classical monocyte that is CD14-positive, CD16-negative, CD64-positive, CD163-positive.


Gr1-low non-classical monocyte

description: A resident monocyte that is Gr-1 low, CD43-positive, and CX3CR1-positive.


name: CD8alpha-positive thymic conventional dendritic cell

description: A conventional thymic dendritic cell that is CD8alpha-positive.


melanophage

description: A melanin-containing macrophage that obtains the pigment by phagocytosis of melanosomes.


T-helper 9 cell

description: A T-helper cell that is characterized by secreting interleukin 9 and responding to helminth infections. This cell-type can derives from Th2 cells in the presence of TGF-beta and IL-4. Th2 cytokine production is surpressed.


type I pneumocyte

description: A type I pneumocyte is a flattened, branched pneumocyte that covers more than 98% of the alveolar surface. This large cell has thin (50-100 nm) cytoplasmic extensions to form the air-blood barrier essential for normal gas exchange.


type II pneumocyte

description: A type II pneumocyte is a pneumocyte that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a type I pneumocyte. Thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli.


pancreatic acinar cell

description: A secretory cell found in pancreatic acini that secretes digestive enzymes and mucins. This cell is a typical zymogenic cell, have a basal nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm consisting of regular arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and dense secretory granules.


Feyrter cell

description: A neuroendocrine cell found in the epithelium of the lungs and respiratory tract. This cell type is rounded or elliptical in shape, situated mainly in the basal part of the epithelium; regulates bronchial secretion, smooth muscle contraction, lobular growth, ciliary activity and chemoreception. Cell has an electron-lucent cytoplasm, contains numerous dense-cored vesicles with a clear halo between the core and the limiting membrane.


type A enteroendocrine cell

description: An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.


Purkinje myocyte

description: Specialized cardiac myocyte that is subendocardially interspersed with the regular cardiac muscle cell. They are uninucleate cylindrical cells, associated end-to-end in long rows, continue from the node to the atrioventricular bundle; relatively short compared to ordinary myocytes but are nearly twice their diameter.


type II vestibular sensory cell

description: Mostly cylindrical, resemble Type 1 in their contents and the presence of a kinocilium and stereocilium apically; much greater variation in size, some almost span the entire thickness of the sensory epithelium, while others are smaller than Type 1; receive multiple efferent nerve boutons around their bases as well as afferent endings, which are small expansions rather than chalices.


type I vestibular sensory cell

description: Bottle-shaped with narrow neck; broad, rounded basal portion where nucleus is located; stereocilia and a single kinocilium is present apically; receive nerve bouton at their base from an afferent cup-shaped (chalice or calyx) nerve ending.


name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine

description: Columnar cell which populate the epithelium of large intestine and absorb water. This cell is the most numerous of the epithelial cell types in the large intestine; bear apical microvilli, contain secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm; secretion appears to be largely mucins, but is also rich in antibodies of the IgA type.


nodal myocyte

description: A specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The cell is slender and fusiform confined to the nodal center, circumferentially arranged around the nodal artery.


transitional myocyte

description: Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node. The cell is more slender than ordinary atrial myocytes and has more myofibrils than nodal myocytes.


myocardial endocrine cell

description: The myoendocrine cellis a specialized myocyte localized mainly in the right and left atrial appendages, and also scattered within other areas of the atria and along the conductive system in the ventricular septum. The most conspicuous feature distinguishing myoendocrine cells from other atrial myoctyes is the presence of membane-bounded secretory granules (these granules contain precursor of cardiodilatins or atrial natriuretic polypeptides).


brush cell of tracheobronchial tree

description: Infrequent type of columnar epithelial cell. This cell is characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli contain filaments that stretch into the underlying cytoplasm. They have a distinctive pear shape with a wide base and a narrow microvillous apex. Function not known.


endo-epithelial cell

description: An epithelial cell derived from endoderm.


ecto-epithelial cell

description: An epithelial cell derived from ectoderm.


meso-epithelial cell

description: Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme.


pancreatic ductal cell

description: Epithelial cell found in the ducts of the pancreas. This cell type contributes to the high luminal pH.


pancreatic centro-acinar cell

description: A cubodial epithelial cell that is continuous with the lining of intercalated ducts that drain the acinus. This cell type secretes a high pH solution to aid in activation of zymogens, and can differentiate into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cell types.


type II cell of carotid body

description: This cell resembles a glia cell, express the glial marker S100 and act as a supporting cell to type I cell. This cell is located in a small cluster of type I and type II cells near the fork of the carotid artery.


type II cell of adrenal medulla

description: A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces epinephrine.


type I cell of adrenal medulla

description: A chromaffin cell of the adrenal medulla that produces norepinephrine.


Boettcher cell

description: A Boettcher cell is a polyhedral cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, and is located beneath Claudius cells. A Boettcher cell is considered a supporting cell for the organ of Corti, and is present only in the lower turn of the cochlea. These cells interweave with each other, and project microvilli into the intercellular space. Because of their structural specialization, a Boettcher cell is believed to play a significant role in the function of the cochlea. They demonstrate high levels of calmodulin, and may be involved in mediating Ca(2+) regulation and ion transport.