octaketide

Octaketides are polyketide compounds that are synthesized from eight ketide units. They are derivatives of a 16-carbon skeleton.


nonaketide

Nonaketides are polyketide compounds that are synthesized from nine ketide units. They are derivatives of a 18-carbon skeleton.


decaketide

Decaketides are polyketide compounds that are synthesized from ten ketide units. They are derivatives of a 20-carbon skeleton.


benzoisochromanequinone

A class of Streptomyces aromatic polyketide antibiotics.


angucycline

Polyketides produced by Actinomycetes which have structures based on the benz[a]anthracene ring system, several of which bear hydrolysable sugars.


azelaic acid

An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.


tetracenomycin

A polyketide based on a tetracene ring structure.


xanthosines

Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of xanthosine.


polydimethylsiloxane macromolecule

A fully methylated siloxane macromolecule.


siloxane

Siloxanes are saturated silicon-oxygen hydrides with unbranched or branched chains of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms (each silicon atom is separated from its nearest silicon neighbours by single oxygen atoms). By extension hydrocarbyl derivatives are commonly included.


unbranched siloxane

Saturated silicon-oxygen hydrides with unbranched chains of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with general structure H3Si[OSiH2]nOSiH3.


eprosartan

A member of the class of  imidazoles and  thiophenes  that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.


silicone macromolecule

Macromolecular or oligomeric derivatives of siloxanes, usually considered unbranched, of general formula [-OSiR2-]n (R =/= H).


cyclosiloxane

Compounds having rings of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms.


organosiloxane

A siloxane where Si is substituted with organyl groups.


D-erythrose 4-phosphate

An erythrose phosphate that is D-erythrose carrying a phosphate group at position 4. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle.


lysergamide

An ergoline alkaloid comprising ergoline lacking hydrogens at positions 9 and 10 and also having a methyl group attached to the piperidine nitrogen.


ERGOCORNINE

Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.


NANAFROCIN

A pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic from strain OS-3966 of Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis.


aflatoxin B2

An aflatoxin having a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.


ERGOCRISTINE

Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.


AMYLMETACRESOL

A phenol having the structure of m-cresol substituted at the 6-position with an amyl group.


disinfectant

An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.


ergometrine

A monocarboxylic acid amide that  is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.


dichlorobenzyl alcohol

A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.


ergosine

An  ergot alkaloid isolated from the fungus Epichloe typhina.


TRICHLOROMONOFLUOROMETHANE

A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom.


chromium trioxide

A chromium oxide composed of a single chromium bound (oxidation state +6) to three oxygens; the acidic anhydride of chromic acid.


oxamide

A dicarboxylic acid diamide of oxalic acid.


A p-menthane monoterpenoid in which p-menthane carries hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-8.


D-erythrulose 1-phosphate

The D-enantiomer of 2-dehydroerythrose 1-phosphate.


tubercidin

An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.


heterocyclyl group

A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from any ring atom of a heterocyclic compound.


methylsulfanol

An S-alkylsulfenic acid in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.


ergothioneine

A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a mercapto group. A naturally occurring metabolite of histidine synthesized by bacteria and fungi with antioxidant properties. It is found ubiquitously in plants and animals and is present in many human foodstuffs.


(R)-2-O-sulfolactic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 2-O-sulfolactic acid.


(R)-3-sulfolactic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of 3-sulfolactic acid.


N-methylserotonin

A member of the class of tryptamines that is serotonin in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a methyl group.


A tetritol that is butane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.


D-threitol

The D-enantiomer of threitol.


An organobromine compound that is fluoranthene in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 10 are substituted by 4-bromophenyl groups, while those at positions 8 and 9 are substituted by phenyl groups.


An organobromine compound that is fluoranthene in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 10 are substituted by 4-bromophenyl groups, while those at positions 8 and 9 are substituted by 4-octylphenyl groups.


An organobromine compound that is fluoranthene in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 10 are substituted by 4-bromophenyl groups, while those at positions 8 and 9 are substituted by nonyl and octyl groups, respectively.


2-aminobut-2-enoic acid zwitterion

An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-aminobut-2-enoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.


L-apiitol

An apiitol that has R-configuration at the chiral centre.


The conjugate base of diclofenac.


A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of triphosphoric acid in which one of the five OH groups has been deprotonated.


A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of two protons from triphosphoric acid.


A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of three protons from triphosphoric acid.


fragrance

A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell.


A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.


glycidyl 2,2-dinitropropyl formal

A C-nitro compound consisting of methanediol having a glycidyl group attached to one oxygen and a 2,2-dinitropropyl group attached to the other.


DIMETHOXYMETHANE

An  acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde.


Either of the two diastereoisomers of 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the imidazol-1-ylmethyl group and the aryloxymethyl group are in a trans relationship to each other - i.e. they are on opposite sides of the plane of the dioxolane ring. (N.B. The antifungal drug ketoconazole is a racemic mixture of the two cis diastereoisomers.)


disulfide

Compounds of structure RSSR'.


A 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine in which the dioxolane ring has R configuration at positions 2 and 4.


triclocarban

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.


serine proteinase inhibitor

An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases.


A butene with unsaturation at position 1.


hydrobromide

Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.


amidyl group

The substituent group formed by loss of a proton from azanide.


imidic acid

Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).


isourea

A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.


A C-nitro compound that is entacapone in which the phenolic hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding ethyl ether.


A C-nitro compound that is entacapone in which the phenolic hydroxy group that is meta to the nitro group has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether.


imidazopyridazine

An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of an imidazole ring ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


pyrazolopyridazine

Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound whose skeleton consists of a pyrazole ring that is ortho-fused to a pyridazine ring.


A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the hydrogen ortho- to the hydroxy group is substituted by a nitro group.


cinacalcet

A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.


methanediol

The simplest member of the class of methanediols that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been substituted by hydroxy groups.


DIHYDROCAFFEIC ACID

A monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropionic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. Also known as dihydrocaffeic acid, it is a metabolite of caffeic acid and exhibits antioxidant activity.


UDP-alpha-D-mannuronic acid

A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-mannuronic acid as the sugar component.


name: EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor

description: An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of catechol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6).


ETHYL VANILLIN

A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.


An alicyclic ketone that is cyclohexanone in which the pro-S hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 4 are substituted by methoxy, (2E)-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl, and trifluoroacetyl groups, respectively.


An alicyclic ketone that is cyclohexanone in which the pro-S hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 4 are substituted by methoxy, (2E)-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl, and acetyl groups, respectively.


An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the hydroxy function of (1R,2S,3S,4S)-4-formyl-2-methoxy-3-[(2E)-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl]cyclohexanol with the carboxy group of 4-methoxycinnamic acid.


An alicyclic ketone that is cyclohexanone in which the pro-S hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 4 are substituted by methoxy, (2E)-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl, and perfluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl groups, respectively.


biphenylyltetrazole

A member of the class of biphenyls that consists of a biphenyl ring system substituted by a tetrazole ring at an unspecified position.


angiogenesis inhibitor

An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.


3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid

A 3-hydroxyaspartic acid that has S configuration at the carbon bearing the amino group.


N-formimidoyl-L-aspartic acid

An aspartic acid derivative that is the N-formimidoyl derivative of  L-aspartic acid.


N-formyl-L-aspartic acid

A N-formyl amino acid that is the N-formyl-derivative of L-aspartic acid.


α-ketoisocaproate

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.


formimidic acid

A carboximidic acid that is  formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.


An alanine derivative that is alanine substituted by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group at the N and a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-quinolyl group at position 3.


5-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate

A 5-deoxyribose phosphate consisting of 5-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose having the phospho group located at the 1-position.


An N-acyl amino acid that is N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)alanine in which one of the hydrogens at the beta position has been replaced by a  N 6-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-naphthyl group.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is the methyl ester of N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-quinolyl]alanine.


An alpha-amino acid ester that is methyl alaninate substituted by a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)quinolin-6-yl group at position 3.


An alanine derivative that is methyl 3-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)quinolin-6-yl]alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorobenzyl group.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is the methyl ester of N-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-3-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-quinolyl]-N-methylalanine.


An  alanine derivative that is alanine substituted by  a methyl and a 2,6-dichlorobenzyl group at N and a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-quinolyl group at position 3.


An N-acyl amino acid that is alanine substituted by a 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl group at the N and a 2-phenoxy-6-quinolyl group at position 3.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is the methyl ester of N-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)-3-(2-phenoxy-6-quinolyl)alanine.


An alpha-amino acid ester that is methyl alaninate in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-phenoxyquinolin-6-yl group.


2-phenoxy-6-quinolyl triflate

A member of the class of quinolines that is 2,6-dihydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted to the corresponding phenyl ether while that at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding triflate ester.


A monohydroxyquinoline that is 6-hydroxyquinoline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a phenoxy group.


A monohydroxyquinoline that is 6-hydroxyquinoline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a chlorine.


A dihydroxyquinoline that is quinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by hydroxy groups.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is methyl alaninate substituted by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group the primary amino group and by a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-6-quinolyl group at position 3.


A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is methyl alaninate substituted by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group at the N and a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-(phenylsulfanyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,8a-hexahydro-6-quinolyl group at position 3.


A phenylalanine derivative that is methyl 4-aminophenylalaninate substituted by a tert-butoxycarbonyl on the alpha-Nitrogen atom.


A phenylalanine derivative that is methyl 4-nitrophenylalaninate substituted by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group at the amino nitrogen.


methyl 4-nitrophenylalaninate

A phenylalanine derivative that is methyl phenylalaninate substituted by a nitro group at position 4 on the benzene ring.


BENZENETHIOL

A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.


eschscholtzidine

A heteropentacyclic isoquinoline alkaloid having a tertiary amino bridging group.


TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC ACID

A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.


pyrimidopyrimidine

An organic heterobicyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of two pyrimidine rings that are ortho-fused to each other at any position.


thermorubin

Antibiotic substance produced by Thermoactinomyces antibioticus.


An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.


An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.


XALIPRODEN

A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.


XIMOPROFEN

A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenylpropionic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para position by a 3-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexyl group.


The diphosphate of thiamine(1+), substituted at C-2 of the thiazole ring by a hydroxylated sec-butyl group.


hydratropic acid

A 2-arylpropionic acid carrying a phenyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of alpha-methylstyrene (AMS), a volatile hydrocarbon.


An organofluorine compound that is 3-phenylpropan-1-ol bearing a trifluoromethyl group at position 3 on the phenyl ring.


ESCULIN

A hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin.


malonamide

A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is malonic acid in which both carboxy groups have been replaced by carbamoyl groups.


4-methoxycinnamic acid

A methoxycinnamic acid having a single methoxy substituent at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.


methanesulfonates

Esters or salts of methanesulfonic acid.


triflate

An organosulfonate oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from the sulfonic acid group of triflic acid.


esmolol

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.


dopaminergic agent

A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.


dopaminergic antagonist

A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists.


gamma-valerolactone

A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.


phenylbutazone

A member of the class of  pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.


(Z)-indol-3-ylacetaldehyde oxime

An indol-3-ylacetaldehyde oxime in which the oxime moiety has Z configuration.


radical scavenger

A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.


estazolam

A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.


ADP-alpha-D-ribose 1''-phosphate

The 1''-phosphate derivative of ADP-alpha-D-ribose.


A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside consisting of inosine where the 5'-hydroxy group is substituted by a methylsulfanyl group.


An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of two protons from arsenic acid.


An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of one proton from arsenic acid.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 7.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.


A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 3.


2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid

A chlorobenzoic acid carrying two chloro groups at positions 2 and 6 respectively.


fumagillin

A meroterpenoid resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of fumagillol with the carboxylic acid group of (all-E)-deca-2,4,6,8-tetraenedioic acid. Originally isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, it is used for the control of Nosema infection in honey bees.


Any dinucleotide where the two components are connected via a (3'->5')-phosphodiester linkage.


A thioester formed by condensation of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid with N-(2-sulfanylethyl)acetamide.


(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoic acid

A 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoic acid in which the double bond between positions 2 and 3 has Z- (trans-) geometry.


L-sorbopyranose

The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.


A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and at position 5,


17beta-estradiol 3-sulfate

A steroid sulfate obtained by the formal condensation of sulfuric acid with the 3-hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.


ESTRAGOLE

A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.


D-sorbofuranose

The D-stereoisomer of  sorbofuranose.


alpha-D-sorbofuranose

A D-sorbofuranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


beta-D-sorbofuranose

A D-sorbofuranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


D-sorbopyranose

The D-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.


alpha-D-sorbopyranose

A D-sorbopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


beta-D-sorbopyranose

A D-sorbopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


sorbopyranose

The pyranose form of sorbose.


estramustine

A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.


Propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl group.


A cycloalkene consisting of cyclopentene having a buta-1,3-dien-2-yl group at the 4-position a methyl group at the 1-position and gem-dimethyl groups at the 5-position.


alpha-campholenaldehyde

An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-en-1-yl group. It is a constituent of the essential oil extracted from Angasomyrtus salina.


mononitroanisoles

Any member of the class of nitroanisoles in which a single nitro group is attached to the anisole ring.


A member of the class of 2-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.


LOBELINE

An optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position.


nitroanisoles

A monomethoxybenzene carrying one or more nitro substituents.


Any member of the class of mononitroanisoles in which the nitro group is situated ortho to the methoxy group.


aluminosilicate mineral

Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals.


naphthalenecarboxamide

Any member of the class of naphthalenes in which the naphthalene ring is directly attached to the carbonyl carbon of a carboxamide group.


ETACONAZOLE

A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2,4-dichlorophenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups and at position 4 by an ethyl group. An obsolete fungicide that was used to control powdery mildew on fruit and other crops.


BETA-PHELLANDRENE

One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which one double bond is exocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where both of them are endoocyclic).


ethacrynic acid

An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.


cacodylic acid

The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.


ethambutol

An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.


clavulanate

The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.


ethyl(trimethyl)silane

An organosilicon compound that is silane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three methyl and one ethyl group.


A ferrocene inhibitor of the synthetic exo Diels-Alderase catalytic antibody 13G5, where the (dimethylamino)carbonyl group represents the dienophile and the carboxyl group represents the side chain of the diene.


A delta-lactone that is 2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 8 and 8 respectively.


trichloroacetaldehyde

An organochlorine compound that consists of  acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.


A trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid in which the three hydroxy groups are located at positions 3alpha, 7alpha and 12alpha together with a methyl substituent, with S-configuration, at position 23.


ethchlorvynol

Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.


A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-en-3-one which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7alpha, 12alpha, and 26 positions. It is an intermediate in bile acid metabolism.


cyclohexenylalkanol

A cyclohexenylalkanol is an alkanol substituted with a cyclohexenyl group.


cycloalkenylalkanol

A cycloalkenylalkanol is an alkanol substituted with a cycloalkenyl group.


ethinamate

A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.


selenite salt

Salts of selenous acid.


selenite esters

Esters of selenous acid.


roxithromycin

Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin A.


eseroline

A pyrroloindole that is 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 3a and 8 and a hydroxy group at position 5. It is a metabolite of physostigmine and causes neuronal cell death by a mechanism involving loss of cell ATP.


heterocyclic fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom.


ethionamide

A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.


alkyloxynaphthalene

Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system.


methoxynaphthalene

Any alkyloxynaphthalene bearing one or more methoxy substituents.


dimethylnaphthalene

Any member of the class of  naphthalenes carrying two methyl groups at unspecified positions.


ETHIONINE

An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate

The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


phycocyanobilin

A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.


thiadiazolidine

A organic heteromonocyclic compound that consists of a cylcopentane ring in which two carbon atoms are replaced by a sulfur and nitrogen atom respectively.


ethosuximide

A  dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.


thionylimide

An imide in which an imino group and an oxo group are both attached to an atom of sulfur.


cholinergic antagonist

Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists.


thiazolidinemonocarboxylic acid

A thiazolidine or thiazolidine derivative carrying a single carboxy substituent.


muscarinic antagonist

A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists.


nicotinic antagonist

An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.


ethotoin

An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.


(R)-atropine

An atropine with a 2R-configuration.


A lipid hydroperoxide, obtained by the formal substitution of a hydrogen at position 9 of (9Z,11E,15Z)-octadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid by a hydroperoxy group (the 13S-stereoisomer). Biochemically, it is an 18-C rearrangement and primary peroxidation product of alpha-linolenic acid, an intermediate in prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism, and the substrate of the lyase enzyme hydroperoxide dehydratase.


A 9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid in which the configuration of the double bonds at positions 9 and 15 is Z, while that of the double bond at position 11 is E.


erythromycin

Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.


N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid

Any L-alpha-amino acid carrying an N-acyl substituent.


6-phospho-D-gluconic acid

A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.


A tartaric acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.


ethyl acetoacetate

An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.


PIPERITONE

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an isopropyl group at position 6.


roxithromycin

A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.


The (25R)-diastereomer of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al.


The (25S)-diastereomer of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al.


isovalerate

A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of isovaleric acid; reported to improve ruminal fermentation and feed digestion in cattle.


ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE

A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


isobutyrate

A branched, short-chain, saturated fatty acid anion; the conjugate base of isobutyric acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


A primary alcohol that is  isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.


clavulanic acid

Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.


L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid

A 2,4-diaminobutyric acid that has S-configuration.


cyclohexenone

The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring.


cyclohexenones

Any six-membered alicyclic ketone having one double bond in the ring.


A 5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


monoazo compound

Compounds containing single -N=N- group.


ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate

A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.


bis(azo) compound

Any  azo compound containing two -N=N- groups.


CHALCONE

The trans-isomer of chalcone.


cis-chalcone

The cis-stereoisomer of chalcone.


eriodictyol chalcone

A 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone with a trans configuration.


The (2S,3S)-diastereomer of 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid.


A member of the class of 3-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one of the hydrogens meta to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.


A substituted aniline that is 3-nitroanisole in which the hydrogen para to the methoxy group is replaced by an amino group.


Any member of the class of mononitroanisoles in which the nitro group is situated meta to the methoxy group.


Any member of the class of mononitroanisoles in which the nitro group is situated para to the methoxy group.


acetoxysulfonic acid

An acyl sulfate where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.


A monohydroxyquinoline carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.


oxyquinoline

A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.


methylquinoline

Any member of the class of quinolines carrying at least one methyl substituent.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 4.


A methylquinoline carrying a methyl substituent at position 8.


A quinolone that is quinolin-2(1H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 4.


An oxopurine that is xanthine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methyl group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of caffeine.


A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.


PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL

A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.


N-acetyl-L-citrulline

The L-enantiomer of N-acetylcitrulline.


4-phospho-D-erythronic acid

The D-enantiomer of 4-phosphoerythronic acid.


deferasirox

A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.


N-acetylcitrulline

An N-acetyl-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-acetyl derivative of citrulline.


The (1R,6S)-diastereomer of 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid.


esculetin

A  hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.


(S)-1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid

The (S)-enantiomer of 1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid.


1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid

A tetrahydropyridine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine having a carboxy group at the 2-position.


A thia fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-(methylthio)propionic acid.


neuraminic acid

A 9-carbon sugar that is 5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid in either its open-chain or cyclic hemiketal forms. Although it does not occur naturally, many of its derivatives are found widely distributed in animal tissues and in bacteria, particularly in glycoproteins and gangliosides. N- or O-substituted derivatives of neuraminic acid are known as sialic acids.


An alkyl sulfide that is  propan-1-ol substituted by a methylsulfanyl group at position 3. It is a volatile compound found in wines and produced during fermentation.


hormone antagonist

A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.


prostaglandin antagonist

A compound that inhibits the action of prostaglandins.


N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid

N-Acetylneuraminic acid with alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.


carbohydrazonic acid

A carbohydrazonic acid is an acid in which the carbonyl oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid group has been replaced by =NNH2.


acetimidic acid

A carboximidic acid that is  acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.


ethinylestradiol

A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a  xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.


The (R)-enantiomer of 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoic acid.


L-methionine (S)-S-oxide

The (S)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.


L-methionine (R)-S-oxide

The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.


methionine S-oxide

The S-oxide derivative of methionine. It is a biomarker of oxidative stress.


3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid 6-phosphate

A ketoaldonic acid derivative that is the 6-(dihydrogen phosphate) derivative of 3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid.


etidocaine

An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid  and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.


ezetimibe

A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and  4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).


The nitro compound formed from propan-1-ol by nitration at C-3.


3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoic acid

The ureido derivative of malonic acid.


ureidocarboxylic acid

Any  carboxylic acid carrying a carbamoylamino group.


thioacyl group

Groups formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from thioxoacids that have the general structure RkE(=S)l(OH)m (l =/= 0), and replacement analogues of such thioacyl groups.


univalent carbothioacyl group

A univalent carbothioacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the thiocarboxy group of a thiocarboxylic acid.


divalent carbothioacyl group

A divalent carbothioacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from two thiocarboxy groups of a polythiocarboxylic acid.


4-phospho-D-threonic acid

A 4-phosphothreonic acid derived from D-threonic acid.


etidronic acid

A  1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.


2-formylglutaric acid

The 2-formyl derivative of glutaric acid.


2-hydroxymethylglutaric acid

The 2-hydroxymethyl derivative of glutaric acid.


An N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the amido group of any N-acyl-D-glutamic acid.


N-acyl-D-glutamic acid

An N-acyl-D-amino acid that is D-glutamic acid in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an acyl group.


didanosine

A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.


D-tagatofuranose

The furanose form of D-tagatose.


beta-D-tagatofuranose

A D-tagatofuranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


etodolac

A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.


alpha-D-tagatofuranose

A D-tagatofuranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


alpha-D-tagatopyranose

A D-tagatopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric center.


beta-D-tagatopyranose

A D-tagatopyranose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric center.


tagatose 6-phosphate

A  ketohexose monophosphate that is tagatose attached to a phosphate group at position 6.


A beta-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-aminoisobutyric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.


etomidate

The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.


N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamic acid

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide that is the mono-(3,4-dichloroanilide) of malonic acid.


heteroarenecarbaldehyde

An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.


oxepane

A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cycloheptane in which one of the methylene groups is replaced by oxygen.


A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of thiamine(1+) resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group.


D-dopachrome

The D-enantiomer of dopachrome.


A monosaccharide derivative that is glucose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 is replaced by fluorine.


fluoro sugar

Monosaccharide derivatives that are monosaccharides having one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by a fluoro group; systematically named as x-deoxy-x-fluoromonosaccharides.


The pyranose form of a 2-deoxy-2-fluorohexose.


A cycloalkene consisting of cyclopentene having a methyl group at the 1-position and gem-dimethyl groups at the 5-position.


CYCLOPENTENE

A cycloalkene that is cyclopentane having one endocyclic double bond.


leukotriene antagonist

A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.


EUGENIIN

An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.


FLUORODOPA

A non-proteinognic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-fluoro-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl group.


BLUMENOL A

A (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.


dopa

A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.


D-dopa

The D-enantiomer of dopa.


eugenol

A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis.


A hydroxy acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 2-hydroxy-3-methylcarboxylic acid.


The 2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoyl derivative of coenzyme A.


2-hydroxy-3-methylhexadecanoic acid

A branched, alpha-hydroxy fatty acid comprising a C16 chain carrying a methyl branch at position 3.


A dehydrovomifoliol that has R-configuration at the chiral centre.


An aroyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid.


A glycerophosphocholine compound having O-acyl substituents at both the 1- and 2-positions of the glycerol. It is a major constituent of cell membranes.


N(6)-carboxy-L-lysine residue

An amino-acid residue derived from N(6)-carboxy-L-lysine.


A 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde that is pentadecanal in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a methyl group.


2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucaric acid

The 2-O-sinapoyl derivative of D-glucaric acid.


name: EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors.


anti-ulcer drug

One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.


(R)-beta-himachalene

The (R)-enantiomer of beta-himachalene.


syringaresinol

A lignan that is 7,9':7',9-diepoxylignane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5' respectively.


(-)-syringaresinol

The (7beta,7'beta,8beta,8'beta)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.


The (1R,6S)-stereoisomer of cis-alpha-himachalene.


The (Z)-isomer of 4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoic acid.


(Z)-alpha-bisabolene

The (Z)-stereoisomer of alpha-bisabolene.


beta-bisabolene

A  bisabolene that is cyclohexene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a 6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl group at position 4.


An optically active 9-(phosphonooxy)-10-hydroxy derivative of stearic acid with (9S,10S)-configuration.


(S,S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid diastereoisomer in which both stereocentres have S configuration.


The N-(6-aminohexanoyl) derivative of 6-aminohexanoic acid


The conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid and R enantiomer of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.


The (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino] derivative of pentanoic acid.


4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoic acid

An N-acyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-aminobutanoic acid with the gamma-carbxy group of L-glutamic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid.


BISABOLONE

A beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration.


A 8-{3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}octanoic acid that has 1R,2R-configuration.


5-amino-2-oxopentanoic acid

The 2-oxo-5-amino derivative of valeric acid.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is 3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid carrying an additional hydroxy group at the 12alpha-position.


A selinene that is decahydronaphthalene substituted by a isopropenyl group at position 7, a methyl group at position 4a and a methylidene group at position 1.


selinene

A sesquiterpene with a carbobicyclic skeleton.


(-)-beta-selinene

The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene.


A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 6-hydroxyhex-3-enoic acid.


3-hexenoic acid

A hexenoic acid with the double bond at position 3.


cis-hex-3-enoic acid

A 3-hexenoic acid having the cis configuration.


trans-hex-3-enoic acid

A 3-hexenoic acid having the trans configuration.


6-hydroxyhex-3-enoic acid

A medium-chain hydroxy fatty acid comprising 3-hexenoic acid carrying a 6-hydroxy substituent.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-2,3-didehydroadipic acid.


trans-2-hexenedioic acid

A 6-carbon, monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid having a trans-double bond at C-2; a possible metabolite of adipic acid.


N-formyl-L-methionyl group

An amino-acid residue derived from N-formyl-L-methionine.


D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate(4-)

An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by removal of all four protons from the phosphate OH groups of D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate.


hydrindane

An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon comprising of a cyclohexane ring fused onto a cyclopentane ring.


A hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the 1-carboxy group of 2-hydroxyadipic acid.


An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid.


(R,R)-hydrindane

A trans-hydrindane with (R,R)-configuration.


(1E,4Z)-germacrene B

A germacrene B with a (1E,4Z)-configuration.


EUPATILIN

A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.


ALGESTONE ACETONIDE

A cyclic ketal that is the 16alpha,17alpha-acetonide derivative of algestone.


anthracycline antibiotic

An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity.


oral contraceptive

A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy.


O-methyl-L-tyrosine

The L-enantiomer of O-methyltyrosine .


PHENYLALANINE METHYL ESTER

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.


An optically active form of 7-hydroxytryptophan having L-configuration.


EUPATOLIDE

A germacranolide with formula C15H20O3, isolated from several Inula species. It exhibits anti-cancer properties.


dasatinib

An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).


D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose

The D-glycero-diastereomer of alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose; a key structural component of the outer cell membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, found in the conserved core oligosaccharide region.


An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12.


bacterioruberin

A C50 carotenoid that is a red-coloured pigment found in several Halobacterium and Haloarcula species.


3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid

A chlorobenzoic acid carrying chloro substituents at positions 3 and 4.


A methylindole that is 1H-indole substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


A phorbol ester that consists of 4-deoxyphorbol bearing O-acetyl and O-[13-(2Z,4E,6E)-deca-2,4,6-trienoyl] substituents at position 12 and 13 respectively.


3-chlorobenzoic acid

A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 3.


A nickel cation in which the nickel carries a triple positive charge.


A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.


euxanthone

A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.


An organic heterotricyclic compound comprising a decahydropyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b]oxepin ring system having hydroxy, methoxymethyl and carboxymethyl substituents.


THIOCYCLAM

An organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is 1,2,3-trithiane in which one of the hydrogens at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylamino group. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, it was used (particularly as its hydrogen oxalate salt, known as thyocyclam oxalate) as a broad-spectrum insecticide, but it is also toxic to bees, fish and other aquatic organisms. It is not approved for use within the European Union.


An aluminium cation that has a charge of +3.


A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).


betadex

A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN

A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.


A hydroxybiphenyl that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.


A hydroxybiphenyl that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2-chlorophenyl group.


A glycophytoceramide comprising (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminononane-1,3,4-triol having an alpha-D-galctopyranosyl residue at the O-1 position and an tetracosanoyl group attached to the nitrogen.


A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cerotic acid with the amino group of (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminononane-1,3,4-triol and in which the primary hydroxy group of the resulting product has been converted to the corresponding alpha-D-galactopyranoside.


12-bromododecanoic acid

A bromo fatty acid consisting of lauric acid having a single bromo-substituent at the 12-position.


exemestane

A 17-oxo steroid that is androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione in which the hydrogens at position 6 are replaced by a double bond to a methylene group. A selective inhibitor of the aromatase (oestrogen synthase) system, it is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.


beta-D-cellohexaose

A D-cellohexaose in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has beta configuration.


beta-cellopentaose

A cellopentaose in which the anomeric centre at the reducing end has beta-configuration.


cyclic di-GMP

A cyclic purine dinucleotide that is the 3',5'-cyclic dimer of MP.


cellooctaose

A glucooctaose consisting of 8 beta-D-glucose residues joined in a linear sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.


A chloroamino acid that is L-threonine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine.


A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate oxoanion that is the trianion of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, arising from deprotonation of three of the four triphosphate OH groups.


o-phthalaldehydic acid

A 2-benzofuran having oxo and hydroxy groups at the 1- and 3-positions respectively.


cloxacillin

A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.


diazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.


A member of the class of  phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.


A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the meta-hydrogens of the phenyl group has been replaced by a chlorine.


Fe2S2 iron-sulfur cluster

An iron-sulfur cluster containing two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms.


A member of the class of biphenyls that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-5'-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-cyanoaniline.


gallium atom

A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.


mercury dibromide

A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and bromine with the formula HgBr2.


mercuric iodide

A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and iodine with formula HgI2.


indomethacin

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.


gefitinib

A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a (3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)nitrilo group, 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy group and a methoxy group at positions 4,6 and 7, respectively. An EGFR kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.


LATRUNCULIN B

A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.


perchlorate

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.


beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate

A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.


famciclovir

2-Amino-9H-purine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)but-1-yl group. A prodrug of the antiviral penciclovir, it is used for the treatment of acute herpes zoster (shingles), for the treatment or suppression of recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent patients and for the treatment of recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in HIV infected patients.


D-monapterin

A neopterin in which the 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl side-chain is in 1S,2S configuration.


L-thialysine

A cysteine derivative that is the S-(2-aminoethyl) analogue of L-cysteine; reported to have cytotoxic effects.


A nickel cation in which the nickel carries a double positive charge.


platinum dichloride

A platinum coordination entity consisting of platinum(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.


An member of the class of biphenyls that is 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in which the 4 and 4' positions are substituted by methylsulfonyl groups.


periodate

A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.


An  aralkylamino compound that is benzylamine substituted by a methoxy group at the para position.


fatty acid methyl ester

A fatty acid ester that is the carboxylic ester obtained by the formal condensation of a fatty acid with methanol.


A metal cation comprising samarium in the +3 oxidation state.


TRIHYDROXYARSENITE(III)

An arsenic oxoacid consisting of three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.


A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.


THIOSEMICARBAZIDE

A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.


aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


felbamate

The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.


vandetanib

A quinazoline that is 7-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]quinazoline bearing additional methoxy and 4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino substituents at positions 6 and 4 respectively. Used for the treatment of symptomatic or progressive medullary thyroid cancer in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease.


FENARIMOL

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fenarimol. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the treatment of blackspot, mildew and rust in tomatoes, peppers and melons, but is not approved for use within the European Union.


FENCHONE

A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel  (Foeniculum vulgare).


fenfluramine

A  secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.


fenofibrate

A chlorobenzophenone that is (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone substituted by a [2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(propan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy group at position 1 on the phenyl ring.


An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.


An arenesulfonate arising from deprotonation of the sulfo groups of 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid.


arsonous acids

Any arsenic oxoacid that is HAs(OH)2 and its As-hydrocarbyl derivatives.


glycosyloxyflavone

A member of the class of flavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.


aminophenylarsonous acid

An arsonous acid comprising phenylarsonous acid having one or more amino substituents on the phenyl ring.


anthemis glycoside

Glycosides occurring within the genus Anthemis L., the second largest genus in Compositae.


β-pinene

An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.


SABINENE

A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.


thujene

A monoterpene based on a thujane skeleton.


alpha-thujene

A thujene that has a bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene skeleton which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively.


alpha-phellandrene

One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic).


A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan in which the hydrogen atom at position 4 is substituted by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group.


N-benzoylanthranilic acid

An amidobenzoic acid comprising benzoic acid having a benzamido group at the 2-position.


deoxyhypusine

An L-lysine derivative in which the N(6) of the lysine is substituted with a 4-aminobutyl group.


fenoprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with  disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.


thujone

A thujane monoterpenoid that is thujane substituted by an oxo group at position 3.


thujane monoterpenoid

Any  monoterpenoid based on a thujane skeleton.


alpha-thujone

The rel-(1R,4S,5S)-stereoisomer of  thujone.


(+)-alpha-thujone

The (1R,4S,5S)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone.


organic amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


L-cystine residue

A cystine residue in which both stereocentres have L (= R) configuration.


imidazolium cation

An imidazolium ion that is the cation resulting from protonation at the 3-position of 1H-imidazole.


D-cystine residue

A cystine residue in which both stereocentres have D (= S) configuration.


ascopyrone M

A 3-pyranone with a 4,5-double bond carrying a hydroxy group at position 4 and a hydroxymethyl group at position 6.


ascopyrone P

A 4-pyranone with a 2,3-double bond carrying a hydroxy group at position 3 and a hydroxymethyl group at position 6.


abietadiene

A diterpene consisting of abietane having two C=C double bonds at unspecified positions.


p-menthadiene

A monoterpene that consists of an unsaturated p-menthane skeleton having two double bonds.


A synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival.


PHENOXYCARB

A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.


S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE

A glutathione derivative that is glutathione in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur has been replaced by a nitroso group.


bucladesine

A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.


METAXON

A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.


N-METHYL-N-NITROSUREA

A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.


excitatory amino acid agonist

An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors.


TNP-ATP

A sprioketal resulting from the formal condensation of the 2'- and 3'- hydroxy groups of ATP with picric acid.


An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of TNP-ATP.


deoxycholoyl-CoA

A steroidal acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of deoxycholic acid.


androgen

A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.


estrogen

A hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals by binding to oestrogen receptors. The oestrogens are named for their importance in the oestrous cycle. The oestrogens that occur naturally in the body, notably estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol are steroids. Other compounds with oestrogenic activity are produced by plants (phytoestrogens) and fungi (mycoestrogens); synthetic compounds with oestrogenic activity are known as xenoestrogens.


phenylglyoxylyl-CoA

An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of phenylglyoxylic acid.


A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan in which the hydrogen atom at position 2 is substituted by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group.


tetrasaccharide

An oligosaccharide comprising four monomeric monosaccharide units.


biflavonoid

A flavonoid oligomer that is obtained by the oxidative coupling of at least two units of aryl-substituted benzopyran rings or its substituted derivatives, resulting in the two ring systems being joined together by a single atom or bond.


2-hydroxyisobutyric acid

A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is a metabolite of  methyl tertiary-butyl ether.


FENURON

A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a phenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a herbicide used for the control of weeds in beetroot as well as various vegetable and ornamental crops.


monacolin L

A polyketide that is 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalene in which one of the methyl hydrogens from the ethyl group is replaced by a 4-hydroxy-6-ketopyran-2-yl group.


cyclitol nicotinate

A cyclitol ester that is any cyclitol in which at least one hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a nitotinoyl group.


lonidamine

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.


A dialkyl ketone with butyl and ethyl as the two alkyl groups.


FENVALERATE

A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.


(S)-fenpropimorph

A 4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the methyl substituents on the morpholine ring are in a cis relationship to each other and in which the remaining stereocentre has S configuration.


(R)-fenpropimorph

A 4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the methyl substituents on the morpholine ring are in a cis relationship to each other and in which the remaining stereocentre has R configuration.


A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl group.


A [3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the methyl subsituents on the morpholine ring are in a trans relationship to each other.


A trans-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which both of the stereocentres in the morpholine ring have R configuration.


A trans-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which both of the stereocentres in the morpholine ring have S configuration.


DIETHYLLENETRIAMINE NONOATE

A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.


5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde

An aldehyde that is acetaldehyde substituted by a 5-hydroxyindol-3-yl group.


CHAVICOL

A phenylpropanoid that is phenol substituted by a prop-2-enyl group at position 4.


steroid acid anion

Any anion formed by loss of a proton from a steroid acid.


A C21-steroid that is  pregnane substituted by an oxo group at position 20 and a hydroxy group at position 3.


A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.


The 5beta-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one.


acitretin

A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.


keratolytic drug

A drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.


dermatologic drug

A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.


ferreirin

A hydroxyisoflavanone that is isoflavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 2' and a methoxy group at position 4' respectively.


texaphyrin

A class of synthetic expanded porphyrins with a 22 pi-electron aromatic system. They are named after the state of Texas where these compounds were first synthesised.


fatty acid synthesis inhibitor

Any pathway inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids.


provitamin

A substance that can be converted into a vitamin by animal tissues.


quinone imine

An imine formed formally from a quinone by replacement of one or more atoms of quinonoid oxygen by =NH or =NR.


dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Any member of the class of benzaldehydes in which the phenyl ring is substituted by two hydroxy groups.


A dihydroxybenzaldehyde that is resorcinol which has been substituted by a formyl group para to one of the hydroxy groups.


pefloxacin

A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.


(R)-naringenin

The (R)-enantiomer of naringenin.


naringenin

A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 4'.


sophoraflavanone B

A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.


LEACHIANONE G

A tetrahydroxyflavanone having the hydroxy groups at the 2'-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions and a prenyl group at 8-position.


SOPHORAFLAVANONE G

A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.


retinol

A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).


pizotifen

A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.


dihydrocarveol

A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is the dihydro derivative of  carveol.


name: EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*).


benzocycloheptathiophene

benzocycloheptathiophenes


malate salt

Salts of malic acid.


maleate salt

Salts from maleic acid.


Schiff base

An imine bearing a hydrocarbyl group on the nitrogen atom R2C=NR' (R' =/= H).


(+)-neoisodihydrocarveol

The (1R,2S,5R)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


(+)-isodihydrocarveol

The (1S,2S,4R)-stereoisomer of dihydrocarveol.


(+)-dihydrocarveol

A dihydrocarveol with (1S,2S,4S)-stereochemistry.


A epsilon-lactone that is oxepan-2-one substituted by an isoprenyl group at position 4 and a methyl group at position 7.


epsilon-lactone

Any lactone with a seven-membered ring.


cholinesterase reactivator

A drug used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates.


enzyme reactivator

Compound which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.


An epsilon-lactone that is oxepan-2-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively.


An optically active form of 1-hydroxylimonen-2-one having (1R,4S)-configuration.


A limonene monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohexanone bearing hydroxy and methyl substituents at position 2 as well as an isopropenyl substituent at position 5.


hematologic agent

Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.


anticoagulant

An agent that prevents blood clotting.


A 7-isopropyl-4-methyloxepan-2-one that has 4R,7S configuration.


A 7-isopropyl-4-methyloxepan-2-one in which both stereocentres have R configuration.


2-(2-methylthioethyl)malic acid

The 2-(2-methylthioethyl) derivative of malic acid.


2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malic acid

The 2-(3-methylthiopropyl) derivative of malic acid.


2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid

Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.


thiazide

Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.


benzothiadiazine

Heterocyclic compound of a ring with sulfur and two nitrogen atoms fused to a benzene ring. Members inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters and are used as diuretics.


protective agent

Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.


(R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate

The (R,R)-diastereoisomer of chrysanthemyl diphosphate.


secoiridoid glycoside

A glycoside of any secoiridoid.


esomeprazole

A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.


name: EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor

description: A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits the bacterial enzymes of the DNA topoisomerases, Type I class (EC 5.99.1.2) that catalyze ATP-independent breakage of one of the two strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strand through the break, and rejoining of the broken strand. These bacterial enzymes reduce the topological stress in the DNA structure by relaxing negatively, but not positively, supercoiled DNA.


oxoisoflavone

A member of the class of isoflavones with at least one oxo substituent.


lavandulol

A monoterpenoid alcohol that is hepta-1-5-diene which is substituted at positions 2 and 6 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. It is commonly found in lavender oil.


lavandulyl diphosphate

The O-diphospho derivative of lavandulol.


A labdane diterpenoid that is the 1,9-dideoxy derivative of forskolin.


thymidine 5'-monophosphate residue

The canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue formed from dTMP (5'-thymidylic acid).


terpentedienyl diphosphate

The O-diphospho derivative of terpentedienol.


podophyllotoxin

An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl substituent. It is found in the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species and is used for the topical treatment of genital warts.


adenosine 5'-monophosphate residue

A canonical ribonucleotide residue derived from adenosine 5'-monophosphate.


cytidine 5'-monophosphate residue

A canonical ribonucleotide residue derived from cytidine 5'-monophosphate


onium cation

Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.


An ammonium ion that results in the protonation of the nitrogen atom of pizotifen.


A canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue derived from deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate.


A canonical deoxyribonucleotide residue derived from 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP).


guanosine 5'-monophosphate residue

A canonical ribonucleotide residue derived from GMP.


name: proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group

description: A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid.


avermectin

Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.


gallamine

A tertiary amine non-depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a core benzene molecule substituted at each of C-1, C-2 and C-3 by an N,N-diethyl-2-(ethylamino)ethoxy group.


cyclopropanecarboxylate ester

A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol with the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its substituted derivatives.


parasympatholytic

Any cholinergic antagonist that inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the muscarinic antagonists.


ROSMARINIC ACID

A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.


(S)-rosmarinic acid

The (S)-stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid.


nitroalkene

A nitroolefin compound of the general structure R2C=C(R)-NO2.


nitisinone

A cyclohexanone that is cyclohexane-1,3-dione substituted at position 2 by a 2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group. It is used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.


miglustat

A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.


tuberculosinyl diphosphate

A diterpenyl phosphate that is the O-diphospho derivative of tuberculosinol.


A glucotriose consisting of three molecules of alpha-D-glucopyranose joined in a linear sequence by 1->6 glycosidic linkages.


A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin(1-).


succinamic acid

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide of succinic acid.


A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein  substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.


cholestanoid

Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives.


androstanoid

Any steroid based on an  androstane skeleton and its derivatives.


lipoprotein cholesterol

Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to lipoproteins.


A methylpyridine carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.


A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.


bile alcohol

Members of the class of cholestanoid that include polyhydroxy derivatives of cholestane.


inorganic disulfide

Compounds of structure RSSR' in which R and R' are inorganic groups.


platelet aggregation inhibitor

A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.


indophenol

A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.


(Z)-glutaconic acid

The (Z)-stereoisomer of glutaconic acid.


NOCARDAMINE

A cyclic hydroxamic acid siderophore that is produced by several bacterial species and exhibits antitumour activity.


phenprocoumon

A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.


N-substituted cadaverine

An N-substituted diamine in which the diamine is cadaverine.


name: EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor

description: An EC 3.5.4.* (non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4).


naphthylamine

A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.


A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.


6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid

A hydroxy fatty acid that consists of caprylic acid bearing two additional methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 6.


6-hydroxy-3-isopropenylheptanoic acid

A branched-chain hydroxy fatty acid consisting of heptanoic acid with an isopropenyl group at the 3-position and the hydroxy group at the 6-position.


desferrioxamine D1

An acyclic desferrioxamine that is the N-acetyl derivative of desferrioxamine B.


diphenylfuran

A member of the class of diphenyl furans that is furan in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by phenyl groups.


diphenylfurans

A member of the class of furans that is any diphenylfuran or their substituted derivatives.


A diphenylfuran in the the phenyl groups are located at positions 2 and 5 on the furan ring.


A diphenylfuran in the the phenyl groups are located at positions 2 and 4 on the furan ring.


CITRONELLOL

A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.


VACCENIC ACID

The cis isomer of vaccenic acid.


2-decenoic acid

A decenoic acid having its double bond in position 2.


cis-2-decenoic acid

A 2-decenoic acid having its double bond in the cis configuration.


2E-DECENOIC ACID

A 2-decenoic acid having its double bond in the trans configuration. It is an intermediate metabolite in the fatty acid synthesis.


EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor

An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4).


primary arylamine

A primary amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an aryl group. R-NH2 where R is an aryl group.


butyrate ester

Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is butyric acid.


icosenoyl group

A fatty acyl group derived from an icosenoic acid.


haloalkyl group

A group derived from a haloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom.


thiocarbonyl compound

Any compound containing the thiocarbonyl group, C=S.


octadec-6-enoyl group

An octadecenoyl group in which the olefinic double bond is at the 6-7 position.


An unsaturated long-chain fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of vaccenic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.


fexofenadine

A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.


sweetening agent

Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.


bipyridines

Compounds containing a bipyridine group.


mydriatic agent

Agent that dilates the pupil. Used in eye diseases and to facilitate eye examination. It may be either a sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic. The latter cause cycloplegia or paralysis of accommodation at high doses and may precipitate glaucoma.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24.


A 24-hydroxycholesterol that has R configuration at position 24.


A 7alpha,24-dihydroxycholesterol in which has R configuration at position 24.


sulfoacetic acid

A carboxyalkanesulfonic acid that is the C-sulfo derivative of acetic acid.


N-methylnicotinic acid

A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.


butenolide

A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of catechol.


phenolate anion

An organic anion arising from deprotonation of the OH function of a phenol compound.


phenolate

A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of phenol obtained by deprotonation of the OH group.


pentaketide

Pentaketides are polyketide compounds that are synthesized from five ketide units. They are derivatives of a 10-carbon skeleton.


(R)-beta-alanopine

The N-(2-carboxyethyl) derivative of L-alanine.


BUTYL ISOTHIOCYANATE

An isothiocyanate having a butyl group attached to the nitrogen.


N-methyl-alpha-berbine

A quaternary ammonium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen atom of alpha-berbine.


MENTHOFURAN

A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.


trans-isoeugenol

The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.


tartrate salt

A salt of the organic compound tartaric acid.


iridoid monoterpenoid

One of a class of monoterpenoids biosynthesized from isoprene and often intermediates in the biosynthesis of alkaloids. Iridoids usually consist of a cyclopentane ring fused to a six-membered oxygen heterocycle; cleavage of a bond in the cyclopentane ring gives rise to the subclass known as secoiridoids.


ACETIC ACID ISOBUTYL ESTER

The acetate ester of isobutanol.


An octadecenoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-2-octadecenoic acid.


A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-oxooctadecanoic acid.


trans-octadec-2-enoic acid

An octadec-2-enoic acid having a trans- double bond.


octadec-2-enoic acid

An octadecenoic acid with the double bond at position 2.


cis-octadec-2-enoic acid

An octadec-2-enoic acid having a cis- double bond.


3-oxooctadecanoic acid

A 3-oxo fatty acid derived from stearic acid.


(S)-3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid

A 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid in which the chiral centre has S configuration.


alkenyl alcohol

Any aliphatic alcohol in which the carbon chain contains one or more olefinic bonds.


A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid.


alkyl alcohol

An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.


2-methylbutyl acetate

The  acetate ester of 2-methylbutan-1-ol.


A 3beta-sterol that consists of 4beta-methylzymosterol in which the 4alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a carboxy group.


A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is zymosterol which has been substituted by a methyl group at C-4, and in which the 3-hydroxy function has been oxidised to an oxo group.


carbon nanotube

A molecule consisting of a graphene cylinder or two or more concentric graphene cylinders.


single-walled carbon nanotube

A carbon nanotube consisting of a single graphene cylinder. Different kinds of single-walled carbon nanotube are distinguished by the indices (n,m) which describe the vector along which the graphene is rolled. The chiral angle is the angle between the vector and the origin and can take any value between 0 and 30degree.


multi-walled carbon nanotube

A molecule consisting of three or more concentric graphene cylinders.


N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine

A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.


The second intermediate in the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 from uroporphyrinogen III, in which methyl groups have been introduced at positions 2 and 7 of the tetrapyrrole framework.


N-formyl-L-tyrosine

An N-formyl amino acid that is L-tyrosine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a formyl group.


dityrosine

A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.


(R)-2-hydroxybutyric acid

An optically active form of 2-hydroxybutyric acid having (R)-configuration.


(S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid

An optically active form of 2-hydroxybutyric acid having (S)-configuration.


iminoaspartic acid

A succinic acid derivative having an imino group at the 2-position.


gamma-Glu-Ala

A gamma-glutamylalanine obtained by formal condensation of the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of L-alanine.


finasteride

An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.


N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine.


The (S)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutan-1-ol.


A hydroxy fatty aldehyde that is hexadecanal in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.


cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor

A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2.


FIPRONIL

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.


nitronaphthalene

A nitroarene that is  naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group.


mononitronaphthalene

A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position.


A mononitronaphthalene carrying a nitro group at position 2.


A  dinitronaphthalene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 5.


A dinitronaphthalene carrying nitro groups at positions 1 and 8.


alitretinoin

A retinoic acid in which the exocyclic double bonds have 7E,9Z,11E,13E geometry.


fisetin 8-C-glucoside

A  flavone C-glycoside that is fisetin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glycosidic linkage.


carboxyacetyl group

The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from one of the carboxy groups of malonic acid.


sizofiran

An exopolysaccharide produced by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, consisting of a 1,3-beta-D-glucan backbone with 1,6-beta-D-glucosyl side chains; a multipurpose compound applicable in many fields, including the food industry and pharmacy.


but-2-enoate ester

Any enoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of  2-butenoic acid with any alcoholic group.


exiguamine A

An alkaloid isolated from the marine sponge Neopetrosia exigua which acts as a potent inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.


dronedarone

A member of the class of  1-benzofurans used for the treatment of  cardiac arrhythmias.


FISETINIDOL

A tetrahydroxyflavan that is (2S)-flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3' and 4'.


marimastat

A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.


tricarboxylic acid amide

A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of one or more carboxy groups of a tricarboxylic acid with the amino group of any amino compound.


CHITODEXTRIN

An N,N'-diacetylchitobiose having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


methimazole

A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.


chitobioses

A family of compounds derived from chitin and based on the structure of D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine.


A beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.


name: EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor

description: An EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3).


cross-linking reagent

A reagent with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between macromolecules, principally side chains of amino acids in proteins, allowing the locations of naturally reactive areas within the proteins to be identified.


METRONIDAZOLE BENZOATE

A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of metronidazole.


milrinone

A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2-pyridone which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 6 by cyano, pyrid-4-yl, and methyl groups, respectively. It is used (particularly intravenously, as the lactate) for the short-term management of severe heart failure.


minocycline

A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.


monobactam

Monocyclic, bacterially produced or semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic. It lacks the double ring construction of the traditional beta-lactam antibiotics and can be easily synthesized.


oligosaccharide

A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.


flavanone

The simplest member of the class of  flavanones  that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.


5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(methylsulfanyl)pentanal with hydroxylamine.


6-(methylsulfanyl)hexanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 6-(methylsulfanyl)pentanal with hydroxylamine.


7-(methylsulfanyl)heptanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 7-(methylsulfanyl)heptanal with hydroxylamine.


8-(methylsulfanyl)octanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 8-(methylsulfanyl)octanal with hydroxylamine.


9-(methylsulfanyl)nonanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 9-(methylsulfanyl)nonanal with hydroxylamine.


4-(methylsulfanyl)butanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 4-(methylsulfanyl)butanal with hydroxylamine.


3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal with hydroxylamine.


dihomomethionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of 2-aminohexanoic acid having a methylthio substituent at the 6-position.


trihomomethionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of 2-aminoheptanoic acid having a methylthio substituent at the 7-position.


tetrahomomethionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of 2-aminooctanoic acid having a methylthio substituent at the 8-position.


pentahomomethionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of 2-aminononanoic acid having a methylthio substituent at the 9-position.


hexahomomethionine

A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of 2-aminodecanoic acid having a methylthio substituent at the 10-position.


(methylsulfanyl)acetaldehyde oxime

An aliphatic aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of 2-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldehyde with hydroxylamine.


A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1.


(E)-acetaldehyde oxime

The (E)-stereoisomer of acetaldehyde oxime.


(Z)-acetaldehyde oxime

The (Z)-stereoisomer of acetaldehyde oxime.


A  methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2.


(Z)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime

A phenylacetaldehyde oxime in which the oxime moiety has Z configuration.


BUTYRAMIDE

A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of butanoic acid and ammonia.


The 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)- derivative of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate.


A nucleotide conjugate consisting of CDP joined at the 1-position of 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol via a diphosphate linkage.


mitoxantrone

A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.


nutraceutical

A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.


TEREPHTHALAMIC ACID

A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with ammonia.


cyproterone acetate

A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas.


citrate salt

A salt of citric acid.


progestogen

A compound that interacts with progesterone receptors in target tissues to bring about effects similar to those of progesterone.


thiochromane

Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a benzene ring fused to a thiopyran.


calcipotriol

A seco-cholestane that is 26,27-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10,22-tetraene carrying additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 3 and 24. It is used (as its hydrate) in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.


TRICETIN

Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.


isoflavonoid

Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 3. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.


ACRIDONE

A member of the class of  acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.