AIDS related complex

description: A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating aids-related complex (ARC) from aids include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in aids; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in arc lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of aids; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown aids.


akinetic mutism

category: biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:NamedThing

description: A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preserved sensorimotor pathways and vigilance. Bilateral frontal lobe dysfunction involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and related brain injuries are associated with this condition. This may result in impaired abilities to communicate and initiate motor activities. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p348; Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1995 Feb;63(2):59-67)


aleutian mink disease

description: A slow progressive disease of mink caused by the aleutian mink disease virus. It is characterized by poor reproduction, weight loss, autoimmunity, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, and death from renal failure. The disease occurs in all color types, but mink which are homozygous recessive for the Aleutian gene for light coat color are particularly susceptible.


atopic conjunctivitis

description: Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.


Alphavirus infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by members of the alphavirus genus of the family togaviridae.


amebiasis

description: A parasitic infectious disorder caused by amoebas. The parasite may cause colitis which is manifested with bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and fever. In rare cases it may spread to the liver, brain and lungs.


ancylostomiasis

description: Infection by hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma.


name: anogenital human papillomavirus infection

description: A sexually transmitted papillary growth caused by the human papillomavirus. It usually arises in the skin and mucous membranes of the perianal region and external genitalia.


aortic valve insufficiency

description: Dysfunction of the aortic valve characterized by incomplete valve closure.


appendicitis

description: Acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix.


Arenaviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the arenaviridae.


arenavirus hemorrhagic fever

description: A viral infectious disease that involves fever and bleeding disorder caused by Arenavirus.


Arterivirus infectious disease

description: Infections caused by viruses of the family arteriviridae.


ascariasis

description: An infection that is caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, many cases of which remain asymptomatic. During the transient larval migratory phase, shortness of breath, fever, and eosinophilia can occur. Depending on the intestinal worm burden, a spectrum of gastrointestinal tract symptoms can occur.


ascaridiasis

description: Infection with nematodes of the genus ascaridia. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.


Ascaridida infectious disease

description: Infections with nematodes of the order ascaridida.


aspergillosis

description: Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. There are several different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA), a condition where the fungus causes allergic respiratory symptoms similar to asthma, such as wheezing and coughing, but does not actually invade and destroy tissue. Another kind of aspergillosis is invasive aspergillosis. This infection usually affects people with weakened immune systems due to cancer, AIDS, leukemia, organ transplantation, chemotherapy, or other conditions or events that reduce the number of normal white blood cells. In this condition, the fungus invades and damages tissues in the body. Invasive aspergillosis most commonly affects the lungs, but can also cause infection in many other organs and can spread throughout the body (commonly affecting the kidneys and brain). Aspergilloma, a growth (fungus ball) that develops in an area of previous lung disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess, is a third kind of aspergillosis. This type of aspergillosis is composed of a tangled mass of fungus fibers, blood clots, and white blood cells. The fungus ball gradually enlarges, destroying lung tissue in the process, but usually does not spread to other areas.


Astroviridae infectious disease

description: Infections with astrovirus, causing gastroenteritis in human infants, calves, lambs, and piglets.


atrophic rhinitis

description: A chronic inflammation in which the nasal mucosa gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony turbinates, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).


Avulavirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus avulavirus, family paramyxoviridae. This includes newcastle disease and other infections of domestic fowl.


babesiosis

description: Babesiosis refers to a condition caused by microscopic parasites that infect the red blood cells. Many people who are infected with Babesia parasites do not experience any symptoms of the condition. When present, signs and symptoms may include flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, body aches, nausea and fatigue. In severe cases, babesiosis can be associated with hemolytic anemia. Babesia parasites are primarily spread by infected ticks. Treatment is generally only required in people who develop symptoms of the condition. When necessary, affected people are often prescribed a combination of antimicrobial medications along with supportive care to manage symptoms.


balantidiasis

description: Infection by parasites of the genus balantidium. The presence of Balantidium in the large intestine leads to diarrhea; dysentery; and occasionally ulcer.


Barre-Lieou syndrome

description: A neurologic syndrome following injury of the spinal sympathetic nerves of the neck. The injury usually results from arthritis or pinching by the adjacent vertebrae. Symptoms include facial pain, chronic allergies, dizziness, neck pain, ear pain and vertigo.


bartonellosis

description: An infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella.


Bell's palsy

description: Partial or complete paralysis of the facial muscles of one side of a person's face. It is caused by damage to the seventh cranial nerve. It is usually temporary but it may recur.


biliary dyskinesia

description: A motility disorder characterized by biliary colic, absence of gallstones, and an abnormal gallbladder ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or sphincter of oddi dysfunction.


bird fancier's lung

description: Hypersensitivity granulomatous pneumonitis caused by the inhalation of avian antigens that are present in the dust of the droppings and feathers of many species of birds. In the acute phase it manifests as fever, chills, dyspnea, cough, and chest tightness. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.


black piedra

description: A superficial mycosis that is caused by Piedraia hortae and is manifested by a small firm black nodule involving the hair shaft.


blackwater fever

description: A complication of malaria resulting from hemolysis.


Blastocystis infectious disease

description: Infections with organisms of the genus blastocystis. The species B. hominis is responsible for most infections. Parasitologic surveys have generally found small numbers of this species in human stools, but higher positivity rates and organism numbers in aids patients and other immunosuppressed patients (immunocompromised host). Symptoms include abdominal pain; diarrhea; constipation; vomiting; and fatigue.


blastomycosis

description: Blastomycosis is a rare infection that may develop when people inhale a fungus called Blastomyces dermatitidis, a fungus that is found in moist soil, particularly where there is rotting vegetation. The fungus enters the body through the lungs, infecting them. The fungus then spreads to other areas of the body.The infection may affect the skin, bones and joints, and other areas. The disease usually affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or who have had an organ transplant.


blind loop syndrome

description: A disorder affecting the small intestine. It is caused by the stasis of food and subsequent overgrowth of bacteria in a portion of the small intestine that is unintentionally bypassed as a complication of abdominal surgery or as a sequela of gastrointestinal disorders which impede effective motility. Clinical signs include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. If untreated, the clinical course progresses to malabsorption of fats, vitamin B12 and calcium, the latter which predisposes to nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis.


bone giant cell tumor

description: A benign but locally aggressive tumor that arises from the bone and is composed of mononuclear cells admixed with macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. It usually arises from the ends of long bones or the vertebrae. Clinical presentation includes pain, edema, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.


border disease

description: Congenital disorder of lambs caused by a virus closely related to or identical with certain strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus.


borna disease

description: An encephalomyelitis of horses, sheep and cattle caused by borna disease virus.


bovine respiratory disease complex

description: A multifactorial disease of cattle resulting from complex interactions between environmental factors, host factors, and pathogens. The environmental factors act as stressors adversely affecting the immune system and other host defenses and enhancing transmission of infecting agents.


bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease

description: Acute disease of cattle caused by the bovine viral diarrhea viruses (diarrhea viruses, bovine viral). Often mouth ulcerations are the only sign but fever, diarrhea, drop in milk yield, and loss of appetite are also seen. Severity of clinical disease varies and is strain dependent. Outbreaks are characterized by low morbidity and high mortality.


Brill-Zinsser disease

description: A delayed relapse of epidemic typhus, caused by Rickettsia prowazekii.


bronchopneumonia

description: Acute inflammation of the walls of the terminal bronchioles that spreads into the peribronchial alveoli and alveolar ducts. It results in the creation of foci of consolidation, which are surrounded by normal parenchyma. It affects one or more lobes, and is frequently bilateral and basal. It is usually caused by bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae). Signs and symptoms include fever, cough with production of brown-red sputum, dyspnea, and chest pain.


brucellosis

description: Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that spreads from animals to people via unpasteurized dairy products or by exposure to contaminated animal products or infected animals. Animals that are most commonly infected include sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, and dogs. Brucellosis can cause of range of signs and symptoms, some of which may persist or recur. Initial symptoms may include fever, sweats, malaise, anorexia, headache, fatigue, and/or pain in the muscles, joints, and/or back. Symptoms that may persist or recur include fevers, arthritis, swelling of the testicle and scrotum, swelling of the heart (endocarditis), neurologic symptoms (in up to 5% of cases), chronic fatigue, depression, and/or swelling of the liver or spleen. People who are in jobs or settings that increase exposure to the bacteria are at increased risk for infection. Antibiotics are used to treat brucellosis. Recovery may take a few weeks to several months, and relapses are common. Death from brucellosis is rare, occurring in no more than 2% of cases.


bulbar polio

description: A form of paralytic poliomyelitis affecting neurons of the medulla oblongata of the brain stem. Clinical features include impaired respiration, hypertension, alterations of vasomotor control, and dysphagia. Weakness and atrophy of the limbs and trunk due to spinal cord involvement is usually associated. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p765)


Caliciviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by caliciviridae. They include hepatitis E; vesicular exanthema of swine; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.


campylobacteriosis

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus campylobacter.


cannabis dependence

description: Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis.


Caplan syndrome

description: A combination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pneumoconiosis that manifests as intrapulmonary nodules, which appear homogenous and well-defined on chest X-ray.


cardiovirus infectious disease

description: Infections caused by viruses of the genus cardiovirus, family picornaviridae.


cat-scratch disease

description: Cat scratch disease is an infectious illness caused by the bacteria bartonella (Bartonella henselae). It is believed to be transmitted by cat scratches, bites, or exposure to cat saliva. This self-limiting infectious diseaseis characterized by a bump or blister at the site of the bite or scratch and swelling and pain in the lymph nodes. Other features may include fatigue, headache, achiness, and fever. Although cat-scratch disease usually subsides without treatment, antibiotic and/or antimicrobial therapy may help speed recovery.


cauda equina syndrome

description: Cauda equina syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that occur when some of the nerves in the cauda equina (the bundle of nerves that spread out from the bottom of the spinal cord) become compressed and/or damaged. Signs and symptoms of this condition include pain, numbness, or tingling in the lower back and/or legs; ' foot drop '; problems with bowel and/or bladder control; and sexual dysfunction. Cauda equina syndrome may be caused by a herniated disk, tumor, infection, fracture, or spinal stenosis. Treatment usually targets the underlying cause of the condition and often includes surgery to remove the material that is pressing on the nerves. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and/or other services may be required if symptoms persist following surgery.


cecal neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the cecum. Representative examples of benign neoplasms include lipoma and leiomyoma. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Cecal adenomas always exhibit epithelial dysplasia and are considered premalignant neoplasms.


central nervous system AIDS arteritis

description: Inflammation of arteries in the central nervous system that occurs in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or aids-related opportunistic infections.


central nervous system tuberculosis

description: A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with seizures, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as opportunistic infections, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.


cerebral toxoplasmosis

description: Infections of the brain caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii that primarily arise in individuals with immunologic deficiency syndromes (see also aids-related opportunistic infections). The infection may involve the brain diffusely or form discrete abscesses. Clinical manifestations include seizures, altered mentation, headache, focal neurologic deficits, and intracranial hypertension. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp41-3)


cervical incompetence

description: A clinical diagnosis presenting with painless cervical dilatation and spontaneous mid-trimester birth in recurrent pregnancies in the absence of spontaneous membrane rupture, bleeding or clinical chorioamnionitis.


cervicofacial actinomycosis

description: A form of actinomycosis characterized by slow-growing inflammatory lesions of the lymph nodes that drain the mouth (lumpy jaw), reddening of the overlying skin, and intraperitoneal abscesses.


chickenpox

description: A contagious childhood disorder caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted via respiratory secretions and contact with chickenpox blister contents. It presents with a vesicular skin rash, usually associated with fever, headache, and myalgias. The pruritic fluid-filled vesicles occur 10-21 days after exposure and last for 3-4 days. An additional 3-4 days of malaise follows before the affected individual feels better. An individual is contagious 1-2 days prior to the appearance of the blisters until all blisters are crusted over. Generally, healthy individuals recover without complications.


name: chlamydia trachomatis infectious disease

description: An infection that is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.


Ciliophora infectious disease

description: Infections with protozoa of the phylum ciliophora.


clonorchiasis

description: Infection of the biliary passages with clonorchis sinensis, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)


coccidioidomycosis

description: A fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis. Affected individuals usually have mild flu-like symptoms. However, pneumonia and systemic involvement with the formation of abscesses may develop as complications of the disease.


coccidiosis

description: A parasitic infection caused by Coccidia. It affects livestock, birds and humans. In humans the parasite infests the intestinal tract and may cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting.


Colorado tick fever

description: A febrile illness characterized by chills, aches, vomiting, leukopenia, and sometimes encephalitis. It is caused by the colorado tick fever virus, a reovirus transmitted by the tick Dermacentor andersoni.


common cold

description: An inflammatory process affecting the nasal mucosa, usually caused by viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and coronavirus). It is characterized by chills, headaches, mucopurulent nasal discharge, coughing, and facial pain.


composite lymphoma

description: Coexistence of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the same anatomic site.


congenital diaphragmatic hernia

description: A posterolateral defect of the diaphragm that allows passage of abdominal viscera into the thorax, leading to respiratory insufficiency and persistent pulmonary hypertension with high mortality.


congenital nystagmus

description: Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with albinism and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275)


congenital syphilis

description: A life-threatening bacterial infection of the newborn caused by Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted to the infant from a mother with syphilis through the placenta during pregnancy. Signs and symptoms include irritability, fever, failure to thrive, saddle nose, cutaneous rash, and pneumonia.


congenital toxoplasmosis

description: Toxoplasma infection that is present from birth.


contagious pleuropneumonia

description: A pleuropneumonia of cattle and goats caused by species of mycoplasma.


contagious pustular dermatitis

description: An infectious dermatitis of sheep and goats, affecting primarily the muzzle and lips. It is caused by a poxvirus and may be transmitted to humans.


Coronaviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by coronaviridae.


Coronavinae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the coronavirus genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (enteritis, transmissible, of turkeys); feline infectious peritonitis; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (gastroenteritis, transmissible, of swine).


cowpox

description: A mild, eruptive skin disease of milk cows caused by cowpox virus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur while milking an infected animal.


coxsackievirus infectious disease

description: A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including herpangina, aseptic meningitis (meningitis, aseptic), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (pleurodynia, epidemic) and a serious myocarditis.


croup

description: Acute upper respiratory airways infection that results in the swelling of the larynx. It is usually caused by parainfluenza viruses. Signs include a characteristic barking cough and stridor.


Cryptococcal meningitis

description: Meningeal inflammation produced by cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature headache; nausea; photophobia; focal neurologic deficits; seizures; cranial neuropathies; and hydrocephalus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)


cryptococcosis

description: An acute or chronic, localized or disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans. Sites of involvement include the lungs, central nervous system and meninges, skin, and visceral organs.--2004


cyclosporiasis

description: A protozoan infection that is caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is most commonly acquired from contaminated food or water, and which is characterized by watery diarrhea and abdominal pain.


diaphragm disorder

description: A disease involving the diaphragm.


dicrocoeliasis

description: Infection with flukes of the genus Dicrocoelium.


Dictyocaulus infectious disease

description: Infection with nematodes of the genus dictyocaulus. In deer, cattle, sheep, and horses the bronchi are the site of infestation.


dipetalonemiasis

description: A parasitic infection caused by genus of filarial worms called Dipetalonema. It produces microfilariae in the blood and body fluids.


dourine

description: A disease of horses and donkeys caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease occurs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.


eastern equine encephalitis

description: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is an acute arboviral infection caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family transmitted by an infected mosquito, that is characterized by the onset of flulike symptoms including fever, chills, weakness, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain with diarrhea, myalgia, leucocytosis, and hematuria, rapidly progressing to diffuse central nervous system (CNS) involvement with confusion, somnolence, or even coma. Seizures, which may progress to status epilepticus and neurologic sequelae, cranial nerve palsies, and photophobia may occur. EEE is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.


Ebola hemorrhagic fever

description: A viral hemorrhagic fever that is caused by the Ebola virus, which is transmitted by contact with infected animals or humans; it is characterized by high fever, unexplained bleeding, and a high mortality rate.


echinococcosis

description: A parasitic infection caused by tapeworm larvae of Echinococcus. It affects livestock and humans. It is characterized by the formation of hydatid cysts mainly in the liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. Rupture of the cysts may lead to shock.


echinostomiasis

description: Infection by flukes of the genus Echinostoma.


Echovirus infectious disease

description: Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.


emphysematous cholecystitis

description: Cholecystitis resulting from infection by gas producing organisms.


encephalitozoonosis

description: Infection with fungi of the genus encephalitozoon. Lesions commonly occur in the brain and kidney tubules. Other sites of infection in mammals are the liver; adrenal glands; optic nerves; retina; and myocardium.


yolk sac tumor

description: A non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumor composed of primitive germ cells. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in the pediatric population. It occurs in the infant testis, ovary, sacrococcygeal region, vagina, uterus, prostate, abdomen, liver, retroperitoneum, thorax, and pineal/third ventricle. The tumor mimics the yolk sac of the embryo and produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Treatment includes: surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. This tumor is very responsive to chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatinum.


Enoplea infectious disease

description: Infections with nematodes of the order enoplida.


enterobiasis

description: An infection that is caused by the nematode Enterobius vermicularis; it is characterized predominantly by perianal pruritus.


enterovirus infectious disease

description: An disease caused by infection with Enterovirus.


enzootic pneumonia of calves

description: Chronic endemic respiratory disease of dairy calves and an important component of bovine respiratory disease complex. It primarily affects calves up to six months of age and the etiology is multifactorial. Stress plus a primary viral infection is followed by a secondary bacterial infection. The latter is most commonly associated with pasteurella multocida producing a purulent bronchopneumonia. Sometimes present are mannheimia haemolytica; haemophilus somnus and mycoplasma species.


eosinophilic pneumonia

description: An inflammatory lung disorder characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in the lungs. The majority of cases are idiopathic, without identifiable cause. In a minority of cases, medications, fungal infections, and environmental triggers have been implicated. It manifests as acute or chronic. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a severe and rapidly progressing pneumonia that may lead to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia follows a slower course and manifests as fever, dyspnea, cough, and weight loss.


ephemeral fever

description: An Ephemerovirus infection of cattle caused by bovine ephemeral fever virus (ephemeral fever virus, bovine). It is characterized by respiratory symptoms, increased oropharyngeal secretions and lacrimation, joint pains, tremor, and stiffness.


epidemic pleurodynia

description: An acute, febrile, infectious disease generally occurring in epidemics. It is usually caused by coxsackieviruses B and sometimes by coxsackieviruses A; echoviruses; or other enteroviruses.


epidural abscess

description: Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial epidural space. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with osteomyelitis of a vertebral body; analgesia, epidural; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with osteomyelitis of a cranial bone, sinusitis, or otitis media. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)


epiglottitis

description: Inflammation of the epiglottis.


name: epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures

description: A generalized tonic-clonic seizure.


equine infectious anemia

description: Viral disease of horses caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav; infectious anemia virus, equine). It is characterized by intermittent fever, weakness, and anemia. Chronic infection consists of acute episodes with remissions.


ethmoid sinusitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the ethmoid sinus.


eumycotic mycetoma

description: A chronic granulomatous inflammation involving the deep dermis and the subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by fungi and actinomycetes.


eunuchism

description: The state of being a eunuch, a male without testes or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male germ cells and testicular hormones.


fascioloidiasis

description: Infection of cattle and other herbivores with the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. It is characterized by extensive destruction of the liver parenchyma.


filarial elephantiasis

description: Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by wuchereria bancrofti or brugia malayi. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.


Filoviridae infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the family filoviridae. The infections in humans consist of a variety of clinically similar viral hemorrhagic fevers but the natural reservoir host is unknown.


Flaviviridae infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the family flaviviridae.


follicular dendritic cell sarcoma

description: A neoplasm composed of spindle to ovoid cells which have morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of follicular dendritic cells. It affects lymph nodes and other sites including the tonsils, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, liver, soft tissues, skin, and oral cavity. It usually behaves as a low grade sarcoma. Treatment options include complete surgical removal of the tumor with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Recurrences have been reported in up to half of the cases.


foot and mouth disease

description: A viral infectious disease that results in infection in cattle and swine, has material basis in foot-and-mouth disease virus, which is transmitted by contaminated fomites, or transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with infected meat or animal products. The infection results in formation of vesicles in the mouth, or on the feet and has symptom lameness.


fungal lung infectious disease

description: Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.


gas gangrene

description: A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus clostridium. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.


gastrointestinal tuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis that involves any region of the gastrointestinal tract, mostly in the distal ileum and the cecum. In most cases, mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogen. Clinical features include abdominal pain; fever; and palpable mass in the ileocecal area.


geniculate herpes zoster

description: A viral ear infection caused by the spread of varicella-zoster virus to the facial nerves. It is characterized by intense otalgia and a cutaneous vesicular eruption.


genital herpes

description: Herpes simplex infection of the genitals, most commonly caused by the herpes simplex-2 virus.


geographic tongue

description: A benign condition characterized by the development of irregular patches in the surface of the tongue resulting in a map-like appearance. The patches migrate from day to day and usually resolve without treatment.


geotrichosis

description: Infection due to the fungus Geotrichum.


Gerstmann syndrome

description: Gerstmann syndrome is a very rare neurological disorder characterized by the specific association of acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation, and agraphia, which is supposed to be secondary to a focal subcortical white matter damage in the parietal lobe.


glanders

description: A condition resulting from infection by Burkholderia mallei, which mainly affects horses.


G6PD deficiency

description: An X-linked genetic condition caused by alterations in the gene G6PD that result in moderately to severely decreased activity levels of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Most individuals with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic. Individuals with G6PD variants that cause G6PD deficiency are at risk for neonatal jaundice. These individuals are also at risk for acute hemolytic anemia in response to certain medication exposures, chemical exposures, infections, or consumption of fava beans.


gnathomiasis

description: An infection that is caused by nematodes of the genus Gnathostoma, which is commonly found in Southeast Asia, and which is transmitted via the consumption of contaminated raw/undercooked birds, eels, fish, frogs, or reptiles. The pattern of symptoms is species-dependent, and extraintestinal manifestations are due to larval migration (e.g., pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilic meningitis, or painful, pruritic subcutaneous swellings, and peripheral blood eosinophilia).


granuloma inguinale

description: A condition resulting from infection by Klebsiella granulomati, which is characterized by ulcerative lesions of the genitalia.


haemonchiasis

description: Infection with nematodes of the genus haemonchus, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.


hand, foot and mouth disease

description: A clinical syndrome that is usually caused by enterovirus infection, and that is characterized by fever, anorexia, and painful sores in the mouth, distal extremities, and/or other sites, including the buttocks.


hantavirus infectious disease

description: Any infection caused by a virus of the genus Hantavirus, which is transmitted by aerosolized rodent excreta or rodent bites, that can result in a variety of clinical manifestations from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome to a pulmonary syndrome.


hemopericardium

description: An accumulation of blood within the pericardial sac.


name: hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

description: A disorder caused by hantaviruses of the family Bunyaviridae. It is transmitted by rodents and is manifested with fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure. Other symptoms include headaches, abdominal and back pain, and blurred vision.


henipavirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus henipavirus, family paramyxoviridae.


Hepadnaviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the hepadnaviridae.


hepatic tuberculosis

description: Infection of the liver with species of mycobacterium, most often mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is characterized by localized small tuberculous miliary lesions or tumor-like mass (tuberculoma), and abnormalities in liver function tests.


hepatitis E virus infection

description: Acute inflammation of the liver in humans; caused by hepatitis E virus, a non-enveloped single-stranded rna virus. Similar to hepatitis A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.


hepatitis D virus infection

description: Inflammation of the liver in humans caused by hepatitis delta virus, a defective RNA virus that can only infect hepatitis B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the hepatitis B surface antigens produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.


hepatitis A virus infection

description: Acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is highly contagious and usually contracted through close contact with an infected individual or their feces, contaminated food or water.


herpangina

description: A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in mouth, has material basis in Human coxsackievirus A16, has material basis in Human enterovirus 71, has material basis in group B coxsackievirus, or has material basis in echoviruses, which are transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, transmitted by contact with pharyngeal secretions, or transmitted by droplet spread of oronasal secretions. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom lesions in the back area of the mouth, particularly the soft palate or tonsillar pillars.


herpes simplex virus gingivostomatitis

description: Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.


Herpesviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the herpesviridae.


HIV enteropathy

description: A syndrome characterized by chronic, well-established diarrhea (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an hiv-positive individual. It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of hiv on the enteric mucosa. hiv enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrheal illness have been ruled out. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, pp1607-8; Haubrich et al., Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed, p1155)


HIV wasting syndrome

description: Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than hiv infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofiber degeneration. A variety of etiologies, which vary among patients, contributes to this syndrome. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, p1611).


HIV-associated nephropathy

description: Renal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. It is characterized by nephrotic syndrome, azotemia, normal to large kidneys on ultrasound images, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on renal biopsy findings.


hookworm infectious disease

description: Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis are available.


hordeolum

description: An acute, localized swelling of the eyelid that may be external or internal and usually is a pyogenic (typically staphylococcal) infection or abscess.


name: human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infectious disease

description: A viral infectious disease that results in increased proliferation of affected CD4 lymphocytes, has material basis in Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, which is transmitted by sexual contact, transmitted by contaminated needles used by intravenous-drug users, and transmitted by breast feeding. The person infected with HTLV-1 eventually develop an often rapidly fatal leukemia, while others will develop a debilitative myelopathy, uveitis, infectious dermatitis, or another inflammatory disorder.


hymenolepiasis

description: A parasitic infection caused by tapeworms. Most infected individuals do not have symptoms. When symptoms appear, they include diarrhea, abdominal pain, restlessness, and irritability.


hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia

description: An inherited autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the disorganized formation of new islets in the pancreas and congenital hyperinsulinism. It is due to focal hyperplasia of pancreatic islet cells budding off from the ductal structures and forming new islets of langerhans. Mutations in the islet cells involve the potassium channel gene kcnj11 or the atp-binding cassette transporter gene abcc8, both on chromosome 11.


hyperprolactinemia

description: Abnormally high level of prolactin in the blood.


hypodermyiasis

description: Infestation with larvae of the genus Hypoderma, the warble fly.


hypopharynx cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the hypopharynx.


description: A rare immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by the decrease of the CD4-positive lymphocytes below 300 per cubic millimeter in the absence of identifiable immunodeficiency causes. Patients with this syndrome are at an increased risk of opportunistic infections.


inclusion conjunctivitis

description: Inflammation of the conjunctiva in a newborn due to Chlamydia trachomatis which was acquired during labor and delivery.


infectious ectromelia

description: A viral infection of mice, causing edema and necrosis followed by limb loss.


infectious mononucleosis

description: A condition characterized by an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and swollen lymph nodes, which is usually caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.


infectious myxomatosis

description: A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in eyes or located in upper respiratory tract of domestic rabbits, has material basis in Myxoma virus, which is transmitted by mosquitos, transmitted by biting flies or transmitted by direct contact. The infection has symptom conjunctivitis with a milky discharge from the inflamed eye and has symptom breathing difficulties.


influenza

description: An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics; it is caused by serologically different strains of viruses (influenzaviruses) designated A, B, and C, has a 3-day incubation period, and usually lasts for 3 to 10 days. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, and conjunctiva; headache; myalgia; often fever, chills, and prostration; and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system.


interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma

description: A neoplastic proliferation of spindle to ovoid cells which show phenotypic features similar to those of interdigitating dendritic cells. The clinical course is generally aggressive. (WHO, 2008)


intestinal cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the intestine


pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm

description: A neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. It includes neuroendocrine tumors (low and intermediate grade) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (high grade).


Kluver-Bucy syndrome

description: Kluver Bucy syndrome is a rare behavioral impairment characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviors and mouthing of objects. Other signs and symptoms include diminished ability to visually recognize objects,loss of normal fear and anger responses, memory loss, distractibility, seizures, and dementia. It is associated with damage to the anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Cases have been reported in association with herpes encephalitis and head trauma. Treatment is symptomatic and may include the use of psychotropic medications.


laryngeal tuberculosis

description: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving the larynx. Signs and symptoms include hoarseness, cough, and odynophagia. The condition is rare.


Lassa fever

description: A viral hemorrhagic fever that is caused by the Lassa virus, which is transmitted by contact with infected rodents; it is characterized by fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, and hearing loss.


latent syphilis

description: A stage of syphilis characterized by the serologic evidence of infection by Treponema pallidum without evidence of accompanying signs or symptoms related to the disease.


legionellosis

description: Any disease caused by Legionella bacteria.


Legionnaires' disease

description: A pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila and other Legionella species, which is characterized by fever, cough, progressive respiratory distress, and which is often accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations.


leptospirosis

description: A contagious bacterial infection caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected by contact with water and soil which have been contaminated with animal waste products. The signs and symptoms include an initial flu-like phase, followed by a second phase in which patients may develop meningitis, liver failure and renal failure.


lipid pneumonia

description: Pneumonia due to aspiration or inhalation of various oily or fatty substances.


lipoatrophic diabetes

description: A rare syndrome characterized by almost complete absence of body fat, accentuated muscularity, insulin-resistant diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatomegaly, and hypermetabolism.


listeriosis

description: A bacterial infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It occurs in newborns, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. The bacteria are transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food. Clinical manifestations include fever, muscle pain, respiratory distress, nausea, diarrhea, neck stiffness, irritability, seizures, and lethargy.


louping ill

description: An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep.


lumpy skin disease

description: A poxvirus infection of cattle characterized by the appearance of nodules on all parts of the skin.


lymph node tuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis of the lymph node.


lymphangitis

description: Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.


lymphatic system disorder

description: A disease involving the lymphatic part of lymphoid system.


lymphogranuloma venereum

description: Infection with the organism Mycobacterium.


Lynch syndrome

description: An autosomal dominant hereditary neoplastic syndrome characterized by the development of colorectal carcinoma and a high risk of developing endometrial carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, renal pelvis carcinoma, and small intestinal carcinoma. Patients often develop colorectal carcinomas at an early age (mean, 45 years). In the majority of the cases the lesions arise from the proximal colon. At the molecular level, high-frequency microsatellite instability is present.


male reproductive organ cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the male reproductive system. Representative examples include prostate carcinoma, penile carcinoma, testicular seminoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma.


mandibular cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the mandible


mansonelliasis

description: A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Mansonella. Signs and symptoms include pruritus, headache, fever, arthralgias, and eosinophilia.


maxillary neoplasm

description: Cancer or tumors of the maxilla or upper jaw.


maxillary sinusitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus.


mediastinal cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the mediastinum


chalazion

description: An eyelid cyst caused by the blockage of a meibomian gland.


meningoencephalitis

description: Inflammation of the meninges and brain, generally secondary to an infectious cause. Pathogens may be bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan.


microsporidiosis

description: A fungal infection caused by Microsporidia. It occurs in immunocompromised patients, causing diarrhea and wasting.


middle lobe syndrome

description: Atelectasis of the right middle pulmonary lobe, with chronic pneumonitis. (Dorland, 27th ed)


miliary tuberculosis

description: I would say the hematogenous widespread dissemination of tuberculosis in the body. The term derives from the chest X-ray image of the tiny (1-5 mm) tuberculosis lesions which are seen through out the lung parenchyma.


milker's nodule

description: Virus diseases caused by the poxviridae.


Miller Fisher syndrome

description: An autoimmune process characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia.


mitral valve stenosis

description: Narrowing of the left atrioventricular mitral orifice.


malignant mixed neoplasm

description: A malignant neoplasm composed of a carcinomatous epithelial component and a sarcomatous mesenchymal component. Representative examples include malignant mixed mesodermal (Mullerian) tumor of the female reproductive system and carcinosarcoma of the salivary gland and the lung.


mixed connective tissue disease

description: Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that is characterized by features commonly seen in three different connective tissue disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and polymyositis. Some affected people may also have symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Although MCTD can affect people of all ages, it appears to be most common in women under age 30. Signs and symptoms vary but may include Raynaud's phenomenon ; arthritis; heart, lung and skin abnormalities; kidney disease; muscle weakness, and dysfunction of the esophagus. The cause of MCTD is currently unknown. There is no cure but certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids and immunosuppresivedrugsmay help manage the symptoms.


molluscum contagiosum

description: A common, benign, usually self-limited viral infection of the skin and occasionally the conjunctivae by a poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum virus). (Dorland, 27th ed)


Mononegavirales infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the order mononegavirales. The concept includes filoviridae infections; paramyxoviridae infections; and rhabdoviridae infections.


morbillivirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus morbillivirus, family paramyxoviridae. Infections mainly cause acute disease in their hosts, although in some cases infection is persistent and leads to degenerative conditions.


mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

description: An invasive adenocarcinoma characterized by cystic changes and the presence of malignant glandular cells which contain intracytoplasmic mucin. It may arise from the ovary, pancreas, appendix, and lung.


mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

description: The most common form of leishmaniasis that is transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies or after exposure to leishmania parasites. It is characterized by skin lesions at the site of insect bite which typically develop within weeks or months after exposure. The lesions typically progress from small papules to open sores with raised borders and central ulcers which can be covered with scales or crust.


multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

description: A type of drug-resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to both rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs.


muscle cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm affecting the skeletal or smooth muscles. Malignant neoplasms arising from the skeletal muscles are called rhabdomyosarcomas. Malignant neoplasms arising from the smooth muscles are called leiomyosarcomas.


mushroom workers' lung

description: An extrinsic allergic alveolitis involving inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to the inhalation of organic dust particles derived from either the mushrooms, their spores or the compost in which the mushrooms are grown. It is usually caused by the spores of thermophilic actinomycetes.


Mycobacterium avium complex disease

description: An infection that is caused by Mycobacterium avium.


Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

description: Interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs (lung) and bronchi, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by mycoplasma pneumoniae in humans. In sheep, it is caused by mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. In cattle, it may be caused by mycoplasma dispar.


myelophthisic anemia

description: A laboratory test result indicating an abnormal amount of circulating nucleated red blood cells and immature red blood cells.


necatoriasis

description: A disorder caused by an infection with hookworms of the genus Necator, which settle in the host's small intestine, and cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia.


Nematoda infectious disease

description: Infections caused by nematode larvae which never develop into the adult stage and migrate through various body tissues. They commonly infect the skin, eyes, and viscera in humans. Ancylostoma brasiliensis causes cutaneous larva migrans. Toxocara causes visceral larva migrans.


nervous system cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the nervous system.


neuroaspergillosis

description: Infections of the nervous system caused by fungi of the genus aspergillus, most commonly aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus infections may occur in immunocompetent hosts, but are more prevalent in individuals with immunologic deficiency syndromes. The organism may spread to the nervous system from focal infections in the lung, mastoid region, sinuses, inner ear, bones, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, and heart. Sinus infections may be locally invasive and enter the intracranial compartment, producing meningitis, fungal; cranial neuropathies; and abscesses in the frontal lobes of the brain. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch 27, pp62-3)


neuroschistosomiasis

description: Schistosomiasis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges caused by infections with trematodes of the genus schistosoma (primarily schistosoma japonicum; schistosoma mansoni; and schistosoma haematobium in humans). S. japonicum infections of the nervous system may cause an acute meningoencephalitis or a chronic encephalopathy. S. mansoni and S. haematobium nervous system infections are associated with acute transverse myelitis involving the lower portions of the spinal cord. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp61-2)


Newcastle disease

description: A condition caused by infection by the Newcastle disease virus, which may be characterized by conjunctivitis, respiratory illness, and diarrhea.


Nidovirales infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the order nidovirales. The concept includes arterivirus infections and coronaviridae infections.


ocular onchocerciasis

description: Onchocerciasis affecting the eye.


ocular toxoplasmosis

description: Ocular toxoplasmosis is an infection in the eye caused by the parasite, Toxoplasm a gondii. Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of eye inflammation in the world. Toxoplamosis can beacquired or present at birth (congenital), having crossed the placenta from a newly infected mother to her fetus. Most humans acquire toxoplasmosis by eating raw or undercooked meat, vegetables or milk products, or by coming into contact with infected cat litterbox or sandboxes.In humans,the infectionusually causes no symptoms, and resolves without treatment in a few months. In individuals with compromised immune systems, Toxoplasm a gondii can reactivate to cause disease. Reactivation of a congenital infection was traditionally thought to be the most common cause ofocular toxoplasmosis, but an acquired infection is now considered to be more common. A toxoplasmosis infection that affects the eye usually attacks the retina andinitially resolves without symptoms. However,the inactive parasite maylaterreactivate causing eyepain, blurred vision, and possibly permanent damage, including blindness. Although most cases of toxoplasmosis resolve on their own,for some,inflammation can be treated with antibiotics and steroids.


oesophagostomiasis

description: Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus oesophagostomum. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than humans.


oligohydramnios

description: A lower than normal quantity of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac as compared to normal values. Typically associated with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of less than 5 cm or a single maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of less than 2 cm.


ophthalmic herpes zoster

description: Virus infection of the Gasserian ganglion and its nerve branches characterized by pain and vesicular eruptions with much swelling. Ocular involvement is usually heralded by a vesicle on the tip of the nose. This area is innervated by the nasociliary nerve.


opisthorchiasis

description: Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.


optic neuritis

description: Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, the nerve that carries the visual signal from the eye to the brain.The conditionmay cause sudden, reduced vision in the affected eye(s). While the cause of optic neuritis is unknown, it has been associated with autoimmune diseases, infections, multiple sclerosis, drug toxicity and deficiency of vitamin B-12. Vision often returns to normal within 2-3 weeks without treatment. In some cases, corticosteroids are given to speed recovery. If known, the underlying cause should be treated.


oral candidiasis

description: Infection of the mucosal lining of the mouth with the fungus Candida albicans.


oral tuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis of the mouth, tongue, and salivary glands.


ornithosis

description: Disease caused by the Chlamydophila psittaci bacteria, usually transmitted from birds to humans.


osteitis fibrosa

description: A disorder that is characterized by bone cysts and fractures, resulting from hyperparathyroidism.


ostertagiasis

description: A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus ostertagia.


otitis media with effusion

description: Otitis media associated with accumulation of fluid in the middle ear.


pancreatic endocrine carcinoma

description: An aggressive, high-grade and poorly differentiated carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the pancreas. The mitotic count is more than 20 per 10 HPF. According to the size of the malignant cells, the prominence of the nucleoli, and the amount of cytoplasm, it is classified either as small or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.


paracoccidioidomycosis

description: A systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis that is most often seen in immunocompromised patients. It affects the mucous membranes, lymph nodes, lungs and bones.


paragonimiasis

description: A parasitic infection caused by trematodes of the Paragonimus genus. Humans are infected from ingestion of raw or undercooked food. It results in chronic lung infection and eosinophilia.


Paramyxoviridae infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the family paramyxoviridae. This includes morbillivirus infections; respirovirus infections; pneumovirus infections; henipavirus infections; avulavirus infections; and rubulavirus infections.


paronychia

description: An acute or chronic infection of the soft tissues around the nail. Symptoms include pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling around the nail. Acute infection results from minor trauma to the fingertip and Staphylococcus aureus is usually the causative agent. Chronic infection is usually caused by Candida albicans.


parotid disorder

description: A disease involving the parotid gland.


parotitis

description: Inflammation of the parotid glands.


pasteurellosis

description: Infections with bacteria of the genus pasteurella.


pericardial tuberculosis

description: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium) due to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Pericarditis can lead to swelling (pericardial effusion), compression of the heart (cardiac tamponade), and preventing normal beating of the heart.


pericarditis

description: An inflammatory process affecting the pericardium.


periodic limb movement disorder

description: Excessive periodic leg movements during sleep that cause micro-arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. This condition induces a state of relative sleep deprivation which manifests as excessive daytime hypersomnolence. The movements are characterized by repetitive contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle, extension of the toe, and intermittent flexion of the hip, knee and ankle. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p387)


peritonsillar abscess

description: An abscess that develops in the space surrounding one or both palatine tonsils.


persian gulf syndrome

description: Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)


name: peste des petits ruminants infectious disease

description: A highly fatal contagious disease of goats and sheep caused by peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. The disease may be acute or subacute and is characterized by stomatitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia.


pestivirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae.


phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction

description: Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.


pharyngoconjunctival fever

description: A condition characterized by fever, conjunctivitis, and pharyngitis resulting from infection by adenovirus.


phencyclidine abuse

description: The misuse of phencyclidine with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.


phlebotomus fever

description: Influenza-like febrile viral disease caused by several members of the bunyaviridae family and transmitted mostly by the bloodsucking sandfly Phlebotomus papatasii.


Picornaviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the picornaviridae.


pityriasis versicolor

description: A yeast infection usually manifested as a superficial skin infection. It may also present as a systemic infection in patients who are receiving total parenteral nutrition.


placenta accreta

description: The clinical condition in which any part of the placenta invades and is inseparable from the uterine wall. (reVITALize)


placenta disorder

description: A disease involving the placenta.


placenta praevia

description: Abnormal placentation in which the placenta implants in the lower segment of the uterus (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the cervix. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and premature labor.


placental insufficiency

description: Failure of the placenta to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.


Plasmodium falciparum malaria

description: Malaria resulting from infection by Plasmodium falciparum.


Plasmodium vivax malaria

description: Malaria resulting from infection by Plasmodium vivax.


pleural tuberculosis

description: Inflammation of the pleura secondary to an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Pneumocystis infectious disease

description: Infections with species in the genus pneumocystis, a fungus causing interstitial plasma cell pneumonia (pneumonia, pneumocystis) and other infections in humans and other mammals. Immunocompromised patients, especially those with aids, are particularly susceptible to these infections. Extrapulmonary sites are rare but seen occasionally.


pneumonic pasteurellosis

description: Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to cattle recently transported. The major agent responsible for the disease is mannheimia haemolytica and less commonly, pasteurella multocida or haemophilus somnus. All three agents are normal inhabitants of the bovine nasal pharyngeal mucosa but not the lung. They are considered opportunistic pathogens following stress, physiological and/or a viral infection. The resulting bacterial fibrinous bronchopneumonia is often fatal.


polyomavirus infectious disease

description: Infections with polyomavirus, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of bk virus is associated with ureteral strictures and cystitis, and that of jc virus with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal).


post-thrombotic syndrome

description: A condition characterized by a chronically swollen limb, often a leg with stasis dermatitis and ulcerations. This syndrome can appear soon after phlebitis or years later. Postphlebitic syndrome is the result of damaged or incompetent venous valves in the limbs. Distended, tortuous varicose veins are usually present. Leg pain may occur after long period of standing.


postpartum depression

description: A type of clinical depression that occurs after childbirth.


pseudorabies

description: A highly contagious herpesvirus infection affecting the central nervous system of swine, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, and other animals.


pulmonary blastoma

description: A malignant neoplasm of the lung composed of tubular structures and immature mesenchymal elements, which may differentiate towards skeletal and smooth muscle, cartilage or a combination of muscle and cartilage. This is a nodular tumor found in the periphery of the lung. It can occur at any age. The prognosis is related to the stage of the disease at the time of resection. Pulmonary blastoma is divided into two subtypes: epithelial predominant and biphasic.


recurrent pneumonia

description: Infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria): M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. flavescens, M. gordonae, M. obuense, M. gilvum, M. duvali, M. szulgai, M. intracellulare (see mycobacterium avium complex;), M. xenopi (littorale), M. ulcerans, M. buruli, M. terrae, M. fortuitum (minetti, giae), M. chelonae.


REM sleep behavior disorder

description: A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during rem sleep (sleep, rem). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)


renal tuberculosis

description: Infection of the kidney due to mycobacteria.


Reoviridae infectious disease

description: Infections produced by reoviruses, general or unspecified.


respirovirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus respirovirus, family paramyxoviridae. Host cell infection occurs by adsorption, via hemagglutinin, to the cell surface.


retroperitoneal cancer

description: A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm involving the retroperitoneum. The vast majority of cases are carcinomas, lymphomas, or sarcomas.


Reye syndrome

description: An acute and potentially fatal metabolic disorder characterized by cerebral edema, fatty liver and hypoglycemia. It occurs primarily in children and has been associated with the use of aspirin for the treatment of viral infections. However, it can also occur in the absence of aspirin use.


Rhabditida infectious disease

description: Infections with nematodes of the order rhabditida.


Rhabdoviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by rhabdoviridae. Important infections include rabies; ephemeral fever; and vesicular stomatitis.


rhinoscleroma

description: A granulomatous disease caused by klebsiella rhinoscleromatis infection. Despite its name, this disease is not limited to the nose and nasopharynx but may affect any part of the respiratory tract, sometimes with extension to the lip and the skin.


rhinosporidiosis

description: Chronic, localized granulomatous infection of mucocutaneous tissues, especially the nose, and characterized by hyperplasia and the development of polyps. It is found in humans and other animals and is caused by the mesomycetozoean organism rhinosporidium seeberi.


rickettsial pneumonia

description: Pneumonia caused by infection with bacteria of the family rickettsiaceae.


roseolovirus infectious disease

description: Infection with roseolovirus, the most common in humans being exanthema subitum, a benign disease of infants and young children.


Salmonella gastroenteritis

description: Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of salmonella. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.


scarlet fever

description: A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, that is characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat, and fever.


scirrhous adenocarcinoma

description: An infiltrating adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of desmoplastic stromal reaction.


screw worm infectious disease

description: Infection with larvae of the blow fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Callitroga americanum), a common cause of disease in livestock in the southern and southwestern U.S.A.


septicemic plague

description: A plague in which the bacteria have entered the bloodstream.


setariasis

description: Infection with nematodes of the genus Setaria. This condition is usually seen in cattle and equines and is of little pathogenic significance, although migration of the worm to the eye may lead to blindness.


sick building syndrome

description: A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (alveolitis, extrinsic allergic); allergic rhinitis (rhinitis, allergic, perennial); asthma; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)


silicosis

description: Silicosis is a respiratory disease caused by breathing in (inhaling) silica dust. There are three types of silicosis: Simple chronic silicosis, the most common type of silicosis, results from long-term exposure (usually more than 20years) to low amounts of silica dust. Simple chronic silicosismay causepeople to have difficulty breathing. Accelerated silicosis occurs after 5 to 15 yearsof exposure of higher levels of silica.Swelling of the lungsand other symptoms occur faster in this type of silicosis than in the simple chronic form. Acute silicosis results from short-term exposure (weeks or months) of large amounts of silica.The lungs become very inflamed and can fill with fluid, causing severe shortness of breath and low blood oxygen levels. A cough, weight loss, and fatigue may also be present. Acute silicosis progresses rapidly and can be fatal within months. People who work in jobs where they are exposed to silica dust (mining, quarrying, construction, sand blasting, stone cutting) are at risk of developing this condition.


sinusitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membranes of any sinus cavity.


skeletal tuberculosis

description: Tuberculosis of the bones or joints.


sparganosis

description: A condition resulting from infection with the second stage larvae of the parasite Spirometra.


sphenoid sinusitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the sphenoid sinus.


spinal stenosis

description: Narrowing of the spinal canal.


spleen cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the spleen


splenic tuberculosis

description: Infection of the spleen with species of mycobacterium.


sporotrichosis

description: The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound.


st. Louis encephalitis

description: A viral encephalitis caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus (encephalitis virus, st. louis), a flavivirus. It is transmitted to humans and other vertebrates primarily by mosquitoes of the genus culex. The primary animal vectors are wild birds and the disorder is endemic to the midwestern and southeastern United States. Infections may be limited to an influenza-like illness or present as an aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Clinical manifestations of the encephalitic presentation may include seizures, lethargy, myoclonus, focal neurologic signs, coma, and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p750)


staphylococcal pneumonia

description: Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus staphylococcus, usually with staphylococcus aureus.


staphyloenterotoxemia

description: Food poisoning that is caused by Staphylococcal infection.


streptococcal pneumonia

description: A febrile disease caused by streptococcus pneumoniae.


Strongylida infectious disease

description: Infections with nematodes of the order strongylida.


strongyloidiasis

description: An infection that is caused by nematodes of the genus Strongyloides, most commonly Strongyloides stercoralis, which is a soil-transmitted helminth, and which is characterized by a variety of gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and, occasionally, pulmonary manifestations. The worm's autoinfective life cycle can lead to hyper-infection and life-threatening dissemination in immunocompromised hosts decades after initial infection.


suppurative otitis media

description: Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.


syphilis

description: A contagious bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is a sexually transmitted disorder, although it can also be transmitted from the mother to the fetus in utero. Typically, it is initially manifested with a single sore which heals without treatment. If the infection is left untreated, the initial stage is followed by skin rash and mucous membrane lesions. A late stage follows, which is characterized by damage of the internal organs, including the nervous system.


tabes dorsalis

description: A form of neurosyphilis characterized by slowly progressive degeneration of the spinal cord. Signs and symptoms include pain, ataxia, loss of coordination, personality changes, blindness, urinary incontinence, dementia, and degeneration of the joints.


theileriasis

description: Infection of cattle, sheep, or goats with protozoa of the genus theileria. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition.


thoracic outlet syndrome

description: A syndrome resulting from the compression of the blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and first rib (thoracic outlet). It is caused by car accident injuries or repetitive job or sport-related injuries. Signs and symptoms include pain in the shoulders and neck, numbness in the fingers, and weakening grip.


tick infestation

description: Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.


tick paralysis

description: Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.


tinea infection

description: A skin infection caused by a fungus.


tinea favosa

description: A severe, chronic fungal skin infection, usually of the scalp, characterized by the development of thick, yellow cup-shaped crusts and scarring over hair follicles.


tinea pedis

description: Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.


Togaviridae infectious disease

description: Virus diseases caused by the togaviridae.


torovirus infectious disease

description: Infections with viruses of the genus torovirus, family coronaviridae.


toxascariasis

description: Infections with nematodes of the genus toxascaris.


toxocariasis

description: A parasitic infection caused by worms found in domestic animals. In humans nematode larvae enter the portal system from the small intestine and disseminate in visceral organs causing inflammatory reactions. Signs and symptoms include eosinophilia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lung infections.


toxoplasmosis

description: A parasitic disease contracted by the ingestion or fetal transmission of toxoplasma gondii.


tracheitis

description: A tracheal disease which involves bacterial infection of the trachea often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci that follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms include barking croup cough, loud squeaking noise while breathing, scratchy feeling in the throat, high fever, and production of large amounts of pus-filled secretions.


trench fever

description: An intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. It is caused by bartonella quintana and transmitted by the human louse.


name: Trichomonas vaginitis urogenital infection

description: A sexually transmitted parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, vaginal odor, vaginal itching, and discomfort during intercourse.


trichostrongyloidiasis

description: Infection by roundworms of the superfamily trichostrongyloidea, including the genera trichostrongylus; ostertagia; Cooperia, haemonchus; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and dictyocaulus.


trichostrongylosis

description: Infestation with nematode worms of the genus trichostrongylus. Humans become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.


trichuriasis

description: An infection that is caused by the nematode Trichuris trichiura, a soil-transmitted helminth, which is transmitted via food and/or water contaminated with the eggs of the worm. Symptoms are usually mild and include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and possibly anemia secondary to blood loss in diarrhea.


tricuspid valve stenosis

description: Narrowing or stricture of the tricuspid orifice of the heart.


trombiculiasis

description: Infestation with mites of the genus Trombiculidae, whose larvae carry the rickettsial agent of scrub typhus.


tuberculous empyema

description: An empyema resulting from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


tuberculous peritonitis

description: A form of peritonitis seen in patients with tuberculosis, characterized by lesion either as a miliary form or as a pelvic mass on the peritoneal surfaces. Most patients have ascites, abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and other systemic symptoms such as fever; weight loss; and anemia.


urinary schistosomiasis

description: A bladder infection that occurs as a manifetation of a systemic infection with one or more species of the parasitic worms of the Schistosoma type; this can progress to bladder cancer in time.


urogenital tuberculosis

description: A general term for mycobacterium infections of any part of the urogenital system in either the male or the female.


uterine corpus cancer

description: A malignant neoplasm involving the body of uterus.


vasomotor rhinitis

description: Inflammation in the nasal cavity mucosa that results from the abnormal regulation of the blood flow in the nose. It may be caused by temperature fluctuations, air pollution, strong odors, and tobacco smoke. It results in chronic nasal congestion, sneezing, and running nose.


Venezuelan equine encephalitis

description: A condition caused by infection by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, which is characterized by headache, fever, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting.


verrucous carcinoma

description: A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a papillary growth pattern, acanthosis, mild cytologic atypia, and pushing tumor margins. The most commonly affected anatomic sites are the oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, vulva, and the plantar region of the foot.


vesicoureteral reflux

description: Abnormal flow of urine from the urinary bladder back into the ureters.


vestibular neuronitis

description: Idiopathic inflammation of the vestibular nerve, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of vertigo; nausea; and imbalance. The cochlear nerve is typically spared and hearing loss and tinnitus do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)


viral encephalitis

description: Encephalitis resulting from viral infection.


salmonid viral hemorrhagic septicemia

description: A systemic infection of various salmonid and a few nonsalmonid fishes caused by Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (see novirhabdovirus),


viral hepatitis

description: An acute or chronic inflammation of the liver parenchyma caused by viruses. Representative examples include hepatitis A, B, and C, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and herpes simplex hepatitis.


viral pneumonia

description: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.


visna disease

description: Demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis of sheep caused by the visna-maedi virus. It is similar to but not the same as scrapie.


vulvovaginal candidiasis

description: Infection of the vulva and vagina with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is a disease associated with HIV infection.


Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

description: A serious disorder characterized by massive adrenal gland hemorrhage secondary to a bacterial infection, most often Neisseria meningitidis infection. It is manifested with decreased blood pressure, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and adrenocortical insufficiency.


Wissler syndrome

description: A rheumatic syndrome of possibly allergic origin, usually affecting children and adolescents, and characterized by high fever, exanthema, arthralgia, leukocytosis, and increased sedimentation rate.


yaws

description: An endemic, infectious, nonvenereal disease in humans that presents mainly in children younger than 15 years. The disease occurs primarily in warm, humid, tropical areas of Africa, Asia, South America, and Oceania, among poor rural populations where conditions of overcrowding and poor sanitation prevail. Infection with Treponema pertenue, a subspecies of Treponema pallidum, causes the disease.


Prinzmetal angina

description: A syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles. It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than directly by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries). For a portion of patients Prinzmetal's angina may be a manifestation of vasospastic disorder and is associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon or aspirin-induced asthma.


acidosis disorder

description: An abnormally high acidity of the blood and other body tissues. Acidosis can be either respiratory or metabolic.


autosomal recessive disease

description: Autosomal recessive form of disease.


urinary bladder disorder

description: A disease involving the urinary bladder.


breast synovial sarcoma

description: A synovial sarcoma (disease) that involves the breast.


cecum adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the caecum


cecum carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the caecum


chronic cystitis

description: Recurrent infections of the urinary bladder.


chronic rhinosinusitis

description: Chronic form of sinusitis.


cystitis

description: Inflammation of the urinary bladder.


diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

description: A neuroglial tumor that arises from the middle portion of the brain stem. It usually affects children and has a poor prognosis.


gastric adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from the stomach and is characterized by the presence of malignant cells with glandular and squamous differentiation.


gastric tubular adenocarcinoma

description: A variant of gastric adenocarcinoma characterized by prominent dilated or slit-like tubules.


granulosa cell tumor

description: A slow-growing, malignant tumor, characterize by the presence of granulosa-like cells and Call-Exner bodies, that is almost always found in the ovary. In rare cases, it has also been found in the testicle. There are two types of granulosa cell tumor that can be distinguished under the microscope: the adult and the juvenile. The testicular juvenile granulosa cell tumors are perhaps the most common congenital testicular neoplasms.


hydrolethalus syndrome

description: Hydrolethalus (HLS) is a severe fetal malformation syndrome characterized by craniofacial dysmorphic features, central nervous system, cardiac, respiratory tract and limb abnormalities.


indeterminate colitis

description: It describes patients in whom a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease cannot be made based on standard clinical testing, including colonoscopy, imaging, laboratory tests, and biopsy.


infectious colitis

description: A viral or bacterial infectious process affecting the large intestine.


lactic acidosis

description: Metabolic acidosis characterized by the accumulation of lactate in the body. It is caused by tissue hypoxia.


lung carcinoid tumor

description: A neuroendocrine neoplasm that arises from the lung. It is characterized by the presence of uniform polygonal cells with small or moderate amount of cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. The cells are usually arranged in organoid and trabecular patterns. It is classified as typical or atypical carcinoid tumor based on the number of mitotic figures and the absence or presence of necrosis. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a worse prognosis.


meningeal tuberculosis

description: A bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


metaplastic breast carcinoma

description: A group of invasive breast carcinomas characterized by the presence of an adenocarcinomatous component which is admixed with a dominant component that is composed of squamous cells, spindle cells, or mesenchymal cells.


nephrosclerosis

description: Hardening of the kidney due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (fibrosis), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic hypertension. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ischemia.


ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma

description: A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of clear and hobnail cells. It is highly associated with ovarian endometriosis, pelvic endometriosis and paraendocrine hypercalcemia.


ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma

description: A malignant serous cystic epithelial neoplasm arising from the ovary. It is characterized by the presence of glandular, papillary, or solid structures. Psammoma bodies may be present. In well differentiated cases the malignant epithelial cells resemble the cells of fallopian tube epithelium. In poorly differentiated cases the malignant epithelial cells show anaplastic features.


pancreatic adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the pancreas


papillary lung adenocarcinoma

description: A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of papillary structures.


pleomorphic breast carcinoma

description: A rare, aggressive, high grade invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified. It is characterized by the presence of pleomorphic and bizarre malignant cells that constitute more than 50 percent of the malignant cellular infiltrate.


pulmonary tuberculosis

description: A bacterial infection that affects the lungs and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most patients with tuberculosis do not have symptoms (latent tuberculosis) and are not contagious. When signs and symptoms occur (active tuberculosis), patients become contagious. The signs and symptoms include chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, night sweats, fever, fatigue, and weight loss.


renal leiomyoma

description: A leiomyoma that involves the kidney.


reproductive system neoplasm

description: A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm affecting the male and female reproductive system.


sex cord-stromal tumor

description: A neoplasm involving a sex cord.


squamous cell breast carcinoma

description: A rare carcinoma that arises from the breast parenchyma and is entirely composed of squamous cells.


Wilms tumor

description: An embryonal neoplasm characterized by the presence of epithelial, mesenchymal, and blastema components. The vast majority of cases arise from the kidney. A small number of cases with morphologic features resembling Wilms tumor of the kidney have been reported arising from the ovary and the cervix.


nasal cavity squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasal cavity mucosa. Signs and symptoms include nasal fullness and obstruction, pain, epistaxis, and the presence of a nasal mass.


nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from the nasopharynx.


cervical artery dissection

description: A tear within the wall of any of the arteries of the neck (carotid artery or vertebral artery) and that allows blood to separate the wall layers. By separating a portion of the wall of the artery (a layer of the Tunica intima or tunica media), a dissection creates two lumens or passages within the vessel, the native or true lumen, and the "false lumen" created by the new space within the wall of the artery.


lactose intolerance adult type

description: Adult onset lactose intolerance


name: acinar prostate adenocarcinoma, foamy gland variant

description: A variant of acinar prostate adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant cells with abundant xanthomatous appearing cytoplasm.


acinar prostate mucinous adenocarcinoma

description: A usually aggressive morphologic variant of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland characterized by the presence of lakes of extracellular mucin. This diagnosis applies when at least 25% of the resected tumor contains extracellular mucin.


ACTH-producing pituitary gland adenoma

description: An adenoma of the pituitary gland that produces corticotropin. The vast majority of cases are associated with Cushing disease. Clinical manifestations include truncal obesity with thin extremities, thinning of the skin, osteoporosis, and a tendency to bruise easily. Silent or hormonally non-functioning ACTH producing adenomas have also been described. They produce symptoms of a mass-related lesion.


name: ACTH-producing pituitary gland carcinoma

description: A rare, hormonally functioning or non-functioning pituitary gland adenocarcinoma that produces corticotropin. It may be associated with Cushing disease.


adenofibroma

description: A benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of connective tissue stroma and epithelial structures. It occurs in the ovary, fallopian tube, uterine corpus, and cervix. Cases of adenofibroma of the ovary with low grade malignant potential have also been reported.


adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

description: A benign, slow growing neoplasm arising from tooth-forming tissues. The vast majority of cases are intraosseous and most often grow in the maxilla. It is characterized by the presence of odontogenic epithelium which is embedded in a connective tissue stroma. Local excision is curative and recurrences are very rare.


adenosquamous carcinoma

description: A carcinoma composed of malignant glandular cells and malignant squamous cells.


adrenal gland myelolipoma

description: A benign soft tissue lesion arising from the adrenal gland. It is composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues.


adrenal gland neuroblastoma

description: A neuroblastoma arising from the adrenal gland.


adrenal medullary hyperplasia

description: A hyperplasia that involves the adrenal medulla.


name: AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma

description: A lymphoma (non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin) arising from the central nervous system and occurring in HIV-positive patients.


ameloblastic carcinoma

description: A rare, cytologically malignant ameloblastoma that may metastasize.


anal melanoma

description: A melanoma arising from the anus. Clinical presentation includes rectal bleeding, tenesmus, pain, and change in bowel habit. The prognosis is usually poor.


anal squamous cell carcinoma

description: A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the anal canal or the anal margin (perianal skin). Human papillomavirus is detected in the majority of cases. Homosexual HIV-positive men have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to the general male population. Symptoms include anal pruritus, discomfort when sitting, pain, change in bowel habit, and bleeding. The prognosis is generally better for anal margin SCC than for anal canal SCC.


angiolipoma

description: A lipoma with prominent vascularity. The vascular tissue is more abundant at the periphery of the tumor and contains fibrin thrombi. It occurs more frequently in younger individuals as a painful subcutaneous nodule, often on the arms.


angiomyxoma

description: A benign soft tissue neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic spindle and stellate cells, and vascular proliferation in a myxoid stroma.


appendix adenocarcinoma

description: A carcinoma that arises from glandular epithelial cells of the vermiform appendix.


appendix adenoma

description: A circumscribed neoplasm arising from the glandular epithelium of the appendix. Morphologically, it is characterized by a proliferation of neoplastic glandular cells and it is associated with dysplasia. According to the growth pattern, it may be classified as tubular, villous, or tubulovillous. The dysplasia is classified as mild, moderate, or severe.


appendix hyperplastic polyp

description: A non-neoplastic polyp that arises from the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of elongated serrated crypts and the absence of atypia or dysplasia.


appendix neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation that arises from the appendix. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


appendix villous adenoma

description: An adenoma arising from the appendix. It is characterized by the presence of villous epithelial structures and it is associated with dysplasia.


ascending colon neuroendocrine tumor G1

description: A well differentiated, low grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor) that arises from the ascending colon. The mitotic count is less than 2 per 10 HPF and/or the Ki67 index is equal to or less than 2 percent.


Askin tumor

description: A primitive neuroectodermal tumor (small round blue cell tumor) of the thorax which can involve the periosteum, thoracic wall and/or pleura though it spares the lung parenchyma.


atypical carcinoid tumor

description: A carcinoid tumor characterized by a high mitotic rate, often associated with the presence of necrosis and nuclear pleomorphism.


atypical endometrial hyperplasia

description: An endometrial hyperplasia characterized by cytologic and architectural changes which may lead to endometrial carcinoma. Despite the atypical features and possible course, there is debate on whether to consider this a neoplasm. The relationship with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia is also unclear.


atypical lipomatous tumor

description: An intermediate, locally aggressive lipomatous neoplasm. Microscopically, the adipose tissue contains large and pleomorphic lipoblasts, and is dissected by fibrous septa containing spindle cells. It requires a wide local excision, may recur locally, but never metastasizes.


atypical lobular breast hyperplasia

description: Lobular neoplasia characterized by lobular epithelial proliferation that does not completely fill the lobular unit of the breast.


basaloid carcinoma

description: A malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by the presence of neoplastic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, and peripheral nuclear palisading.


benign adrenal gland pheochromocytoma

description: A sporadic or familial pheochromocytoma that is confined to the adrenal gland and does not have any metastatic potential. The majority of cases are sporadic, and usually unilateral. Familial cases are usually bilateral.


benign carotid body paraganglioma

description: A carotid body paraganglioma that is confined to the site of origin, without metastatic potential.


benign conjunctival neoplasm

description: Abnormal growth of the cells of the conjunctiva without malignant characteristics.


benign smooth muscle neoplasm

description: A benign mesenchymal neoplasm arising from smooth muscle tissue.


benign thyroid gland neoplasm

description: A benign neoplasm arising from the thyroid gland.


bile duct adenoma

description: A benign, well-demarcated polypoid neoplasm arising from the bile duct epithelium. According to the growth pattern, it is classified as tubular, papillary, or tubulopapillary. Adenomas arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts usually produce symptoms related to biliary obstruction.


malignant biphasic mesothelioma

description: A malignant neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells in the pleura. It is characterized by the presence of neoplastic epithelioid cells and sarcomatoid features.


bladder flat intraepithelial lesion

description: A non-papillary neoplasm of the urinary bladder, whose classification categories include low-grade intraurothelial neoplasia and urothelial carcinoma in situ.


name: bladder inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

description: A multinodular intermediate fibroblastic neoplasm arising from the bladder. It is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate composed of eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.